DHW50 SERIES 50 Watt DC/DC Power Converters Rev D Standard Models FEATURES • RoHS & UL 94V-0 Compliant • No Minimum Load Requirements • Smallest Encapsulated 50W Converter • Trimmable Output Voltage • 4:1 Wide Input Voltage Ranges • Shielded Metal Case with Isolated Base-plate • Single Outputs • Over Load, Short Circuit, Over Voltage, & Over • Remote ON/OFF Control Size: 2.00 x 1.00 x 0.43 inches (50.8 x 25.4 x 11.0 mm) Heatsink Models (Suffix “HS”) Temperature Protection • 1500VDC I/O Isolation • -40°C to +80°C Operating Temperature Range • High Efficiency up to 92% • CSA/UL/IEC/EN 60950-1 Safety Approvals • Under Voltage Lockout (UVLO) • Heatsink (Optional) DESCRIPTION Size: 2.00 x 1.22 x 0.71 inches (50.8 x 31.0 x 18.0 mm) The DHW50 series is the latest generation of high performance DC/DC converters setting a new standard concerning power density. These converters offer 50 Watts of continuous output power in a 2.0” x 1.0” x 0.43” encapsulated, shielded metal package. All models have a 2:1 wide input voltage range and a precisely regulated single output. Advanced circuit topology provides a very high efficiency up to 92% and an operating temperature range of -40°C to +80°C. Further features include remote on/off, trimmable output voltage, under voltage lockout as well as over load, over voltage, short circuit, and over temperature protection. These converters are RoHS compliant and are ideal for use in battery operated equipment, instrumentation, distributed power architectures in communication and industrial electronics and many other space critical applications. MODEL SELECTION TABLE Model Number Input Voltage DHW24S3.3-33 Output Voltage Output Current Input Current Reflected Over Voltage Output Maximum Efficiency Capacitive Load Min Max No Load Max Load Ripple Current Protection Power 3.3 VDC 0mA 10A 80mA 1528mA 3.9 VDC 33W 90% 26,000µF 5 VDC 0mA 10A 60mA 2290mA 6.2 VDC 50W 91% 17,000µF 12 VDC 0mA 4.17A 80mA 2267mA 15 VDC 50W 92% 3,000µF DHW24S15-50 15 VDC 0mA 3.33A 80mA 2263mA 18 VDC 50W 92% 2,000µF DHW24S24-50 24 VDC 0mA 2.08A 80mA 2286mA 30 VDC 50W 91% 750µF DHW48S3.3-33 3.3 VDC 0mA 10A 40mA 764mA 3.9 VDC 33W 90% 26,000µF 5 VDC 48 VDC DHW48S12-50 12 VDC (18 - 75 VDC) DHW48S15-50 15 VDC 0mA 10A 30mA 1145mA 6.2 VDC 50W 91% 17,000µF 0mA 4.17A 60mA 1134mA 15 VDC 50W 92% 3,000µF 0mA 3.33A 60mA 1134mA 18 VDC 50W 92% 2,000µF DHW48S24-50 0mA 2.08A 50mA 1143mA 30 VDC 50W 91% 750µF DHW24S5-50 DHW24S12-50 24 VDC (9 - 36 VDC) DHW48S5-50 05/16/2017 24 VDC 40mA 30mA Wall Industries, Inc. • 37 Industrial Drive, Exeter, NH 03833 • Tel: 603-778-2300 • Toll Free: 888-597-9255 • Fax 603-778-9797 website: www.wallindustries.com • e-mail: [email protected] Page 1 of 13 DHW50 SERIES 50 Watt DC/DC Power Converters Rev D SPECIFICATIONS: DHW50 SERIES All specifications are based on 25°C, Nominal Input Voltage, and Maximum Output Current unless otherwise noted. We reserve the right to change specifications based on technological advances. SPECIFICATION TEST CONDITIONS Min Typ Max 9 18 -0.7 -0.7 24 48 36 75 50 100 9 18 Unit INPUT SPECIFICATIONS Input Voltage Range Input Surge Voltage (100ms max.) Start-up Threshold Voltage Under Voltage Lockout (UVLO) 24VDC nominal input models 48VDC nominal input models 24VDC nominal input models 48VDC nominal input models 24VDC nominal input models 48VDC nominal input models 24VDC nominal input models 48VDC nominal input models VDC Power Up Remote On/Off VDC Input Current Reflected Ripple Current (Page 9) See Table Nominal Vin and constant resistive load VDC 7.5 16 30 30 See Table Start-up Time VDC Conducted EMI for EN55032 Class A and FCC level A compliance see page 1 Short Circuit Current Automatic Recovery ms Internal LC Filter Hiccup mode 0.3Hz typ. OUTPUT SPECIFICATIONS Output Voltage See Table Output Voltage Setting Accuracy At 50% load and nominal Vin ±1.0 %Vnom Line Regulation Low line to high line at full load ±0.5 % Load Regulation Minimum load to full load ±0.5 % Minimum Load Output Voltage Trim (Note 4) (Page 5) % of nominal output voltage 24VDC output models Others -10 -10 Output Power Output Current Ripple & Noise (20MHz BW) (Page 9) Transient Recovery Time (Note 1) No minimum load required +20 +10 See Table See Table 100 150 250 Measured with a 1µF MLCC and a 3.3V & 5V output models 10µF tantalum capacitor in parallel 12V, 15V, & 24V output models 25% load step change Transient Recovery Deviation (Note 1) 25% load step change ±3 Temperature Coefficient % mVp-p µs ±5 % ±0.02 %/°C PROTECTION Input Polarity Protection none Over Voltage Protection (page 9) See Table Over Current Protection Hiccup Thermal Protection Shutdown temperature Short Circuit Protection Automatic recovery Current limitation at 150% typ. of Io max 110 °C Hiccup Mode 0.3Hz typ. REMOTE ON/OFF (Page 9) Converter On Converter Off On Control Input Current Off Control Common 3.5V~12V or open circuit 0V~1.2V or short circuit 0.5 mA -0.5 Referenced to negative input Positive Logic Stand-by Input Current Vctrl = 5.0V Vctrl = 0V Nominal Vin 2.5 mA GENERAL Efficiency (see efficiency curves on pages 7~8) See Table Switching Frequency 285 60 seconds 1 Second 1500 1800 Isolation Resistance 500VDC 1000 Isolation Capacitance 100kHz, 1V Isolation Voltage Maximum Capacitive Load 05/16/2017 KHz VDC MΩ 2200 pF See Table Wall Industries, Inc. • 37 Industrial Drive, Exeter, NH 03833 • Tel: 603-778-2300 • Toll Free: 888-597-9255 • Fax 603-778-9797 website: www.wallindustries.com • e-mail: [email protected] Page 2 of 13 DHW50 SERIES 50 Watt DC/DC Power Converters Rev D SPECIFICATIONS: DHW50 SERIES All specifications are based on 25°C, Nominal Input Voltage, and Maximum Output Current unless otherwise noted. We reserve the right to change specifications based on technological advances. SPECIFICATION TEST CONDITIONS Min Typ Max Unit ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS Operating Temperature (W/O Heatsink) (see derating curves on page 6) Natural air convection (20LFM) Nominal Vin and full load Operating Temperature (W/ Heatsink) (see derating curves on page 6) Natural air convection (20LFM) Nominal Vin and full load Thermal Impedance (W/O Heatsink) Thermal Impedance (W/ Heatsink) Case Temperature Storage Temperature Humidity (non-condensing) RFI Cooling Lead Temperature MTBF (calculated) DHW24S3.3-33, DHW48S3.3-33 DHW24S12-50, DHW24S15-50, DHW48S12-50, DHW48S15-50 DHW24S5-50, DHW24S24-50, DHW48S5-50, DHW48S24-50 DHW24S3.3-33, DHW48S3.3-33 DHW24S12-50, DHW24S15-50, DHW48S12-50, DHW48S15-50 DHW24S12-40, DHW24S15-40 Natural convection (20LFM) 100LFM convection 200LFM convection 400LFM convection Natural convection (20LFM) 100LFM convection 200LFM convection 400LFM convection -40 +61 -40 +53 -40 +46 -40 +69 -40 +62 -40 12.1 9.2 7.8 5.2 9.8 5.4 4.5 3.0 +57 °C °C °C/W °C/W +105 °C +125 °C 95 % RH Six-sided shielded metal case natural convection 260 °C 230,900 hours -50 Natural convection is about 20LFM and is not still air (0LFM) 1.5mm from case for 10 seconds MIL-HDBK-217F at 25°C, Ground Benign PHYSICAL SPECIFICATIONS Weight 1.2oz (34g) 2.00 x 1.00 x 0.43 inches (50.8 x 25.4 x 11.0 mm) Aluminum alloy, black anodized coating FR4 PCB (flammability to UL 94V-0 rated) Epoxy (UL94-V0) Copper alloy with gold plate over nickel sub-plate See page 4 Dimensions (L x W x H) Case Material Base Material Potting Material Pin Material Heatsink (optional) “HS” suffix SAFETY & EMC Safety Approvals EMI ESD Radiated Immunity Fast Transient (See Note 5) Surge (See Note 5) Conducted Immunity Conduction, EN55032, FCC part 15 EN61000-4-2 Air: ±8KV, Contact±6KV EN61000-4-3 10V/m EN61000-4-4 ±2KV EN61000-4-5 ±1KV EN61000-4-6 10V/m UL/cUL 60950-1 recognition (CSA certificate) IEC/EN 60950-1 (CB-scheme) Class A A A A A A NOTES 1. Transient recovery time is measured to within 1% error band for a step change in output load from 75% to 100%. 2. We recommend protecting the converter by a slow blow fuse in the input supply line. 3. To order the converter with a heatsink, please add the suffix “HS” to the model number. (Ex: DHW24S12-50HS) 4. Do not exceed maximum power specification when adjusting the output voltage. 5. The DHW50 series can meet EN61000-4-4 & EN61000-4-5 by adding a capacitor across the input pins. Capacitor: 220uF/100V 6. Other input and output voltages may be available; please call factory for ordering details. \ 05/16/2017 Wall Industries, Inc. • 37 Industrial Drive, Exeter, NH 03833 • Tel: 603-778-2300 • Toll Free: 888-597-9255 • Fax 603-778-9797 website: www.wallindustries.com • e-mail: [email protected] Page 3 of 13 Rev D DHW50 SERIES 50 Watt DC/DC Power Converters MECHANICAL DRAWINGS Standard Models Heatsink Models (“HS” Suffix) 05/16/2017 Wall Industries, Inc. • 37 Industrial Drive, Exeter, NH 03833 • Tel: 603-778-2300 • Toll Free: 888-597-9255 • Fax 603-778-9797 website: www.wallindustries.com • e-mail: [email protected] Page 4 of 13 DHW50 SERIES 50 Watt DC/DC Power Converters Rev D OUTPUT VOLTAGE ADJUSTMENT Output voltage trim allows the user to increase or decrease the output voltage of a module. This is accomplished by connecting an external resistor between the Trim pin and either the +Vout or –Vout pins. With an external resistor between the Trim and –Vout pins, the output voltage increases. With an external resistor between the Trim and +Vout pins, the output voltage set-point decreases. Trim Up Trim Down Trim 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% DHWXXS3.3-33 Vout,up Rup 3.333V 70.50kΩ 3.366V 29.28kΩ 3.399V 16.87kΩ 3.432V 10.90kΩ 3.465V 7.38kΩ 3.498V 5.06kΩ 3.531V 3.42kΩ 3.564V 2.20kΩ 3.597V 1.25kΩ 3.630V 0.49kΩ Trim 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% DHWXXS5-50 Vout,up Rup 5.050V 36.57kΩ 5.100V 16.58kΩ 5.150V 9.92kΩ 5.200V 6.59kΩ 5.250V 4.59kΩ 5.300V 3.25kΩ 5.350V 2.30kΩ 5.400V 1.59kΩ 5.450V 1.03kΩ 5.500V 0.59kΩ Trim 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% DHWXXS3.3-33 Vout,down Rdown 3.267V 63.59kΩ 3.234V 30.28kΩ 3.201V 18.19kΩ 3.168V 11.95kΩ 3.135V 8.13kΩ 3.102V 5.56kΩ 3.069V 3.70kΩ 3.036V 2.31kΩ 3.003V 1.21kΩ 2.970V 0.34kΩ Trim 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% DHWXXS5-50 Vout,down Rdown 4.950V 45.53kΩ 4.900V 20.61kΩ 4.850V 12.31kΩ 4.800V 8.15kΩ 4.750V 5.66kΩ 4.700V 4.00kΩ 4.650V 2.81kΩ 4.600V 1.92kΩ 4.550V 1.23kΩ 4.500V 0.68kΩ Trim 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% DHWXXS12-50 Vout,up Rup 12.120V 368.92kΩ 12.240V 161.92kΩ 12.360V 94.97kΩ 12.480V 61.86kΩ 12.600V 42.12kΩ 12.720V 29.00kΩ 12.840V 19.66kΩ 12.960V 12.66kΩ 13.080V 7.23kΩ 13.200V 2.89kΩ Trim 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% DHWXXS15-50 Vout,up Rup 15.150V 392.98kΩ 15.300V 182.12kΩ 15.450V 108.73kΩ 15.600V 71.43kΩ 15.750V 48.85kΩ 15.900V 33.71kΩ 16.050V 22.86kΩ 16.200V 14.69kΩ 16.350V 8.33kΩ 16.500V 3.23kΩ Trim 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% DHWXXS12-50 Vout,down Rdown 11.880V 394.50kΩ 11.760V 179.74kΩ 11.640V 106.08kΩ 11.520V 68.86kΩ 11.400V 46.39kΩ 11.280V 31.36kΩ 11.160V 20.60kΩ 11.040V 12.51kΩ 10.920V 6.21kΩ 10.800V 1.17kΩ Trim 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% DHWXXS15-50 Vout,down Rdown 14.850V 572.67kΩ 14.700V 248.63kΩ 14.550V 145.60kΩ 14.400V 94.97kΩ 14.250V 64.87kΩ 14.100V 44.92kΩ 13.950V 30.72kΩ 13.800V 20.10kΩ 13.650V 11.86kΩ 13.500V 5.28kΩ Trim 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20% DHWXXS24-50 Vout,up Rup 24.480V 247.2kΩ 24.960V 109.255kΩ 25.440V 63.38kΩ 25.920V 39.025kΩ 26.400V 27.52kΩ 26.880V 18.39kΩ 27.360V 11.77kΩ 27.840V 7.29kΩ 28.320V 3.308kΩ 28.800V 0.3658kΩ Trim 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% DHWXXS24-50 Vout,down Rdown 23.760V 318.05kΩ 23.520V 146.05kΩ 23.280V 85.8kΩ 23.040V 55.51kΩ 22.800V 37.415kΩ 22.560V 25.625kΩ 22.320V 16.515kΩ 22.080V 9.81kΩ 21.840V 4.9785kΩ 21.600V 0.9185kΩ 05/16/2017 Wall Industries, Inc. • 37 Industrial Drive, Exeter, NH 03833 • Tel: 603-778-2300 • Toll Free: 888-597-9255 • Fax 603-778-9797 website: www.wallindustries.com • e-mail: [email protected] Page 5 of 13 Rev D DHW50 SERIES 50 Watt DC/DC Power Converters DERATING CURVES Without Heatsink With Heatsink DHW24S3.3-33 & DHW48S3.3-33 DHW24S3.3-33 & DHW48S3.3-33 DHW24S12-50, DHW24S15-50, DHW48S12-50, DHW48S15-50 DHW24S12-50, DHW24S15-50, DHW48S12-50, DHW48S15-50 DHW24S5-50, DHW24S24-50, DHW48S5-50, DHW48S24-50 DHW24S5-50, DHW24S24-50, DHW48S5-50, DHW48S24-50 05/16/2017 Wall Industries, Inc. • 37 Industrial Drive, Exeter, NH 03833 • Tel: 603-778-2300 • Toll Free: 888-597-9255 • Fax 603-778-9797 website: www.wallindustries.com • e-mail: [email protected] Page 6 of 13 DHW50 SERIES 50 Watt DC/DC Power Converters Rev D EFFICIENCY CURVES 24VDC NOMINAL INPUT MODELS DHW24S3.3-33 Efficiency vs Load Current DHW24S5-50 Efficiency vs Load Current DHW24S12-50 Efficiency vs Load Current DHW24S15-50 Efficiency vs Load Current DHW24S24-50 Efficiency vs Load Current 05/16/2017 Wall Industries, Inc. • 37 Industrial Drive, Exeter, NH 03833 • Tel: 603-778-2300 • Toll Free: 888-597-9255 • Fax 603-778-9797 website: www.wallindustries.com • e-mail: [email protected] Page 7 of 13 DHW50 SERIES 50 Watt DC/DC Power Converters Rev D EFFICIENCY CURVES 48VDC NOMINAL INPUT MODELS DHW48S3.3-33 Efficiency vs Load Current DHW48S5-50 Efficiency vs Load Current DHW48S12-50 Efficiency vs Load Current DHW48S15-50 Efficiency vs Load Current DHW48S24-50 Efficiency vs Load Current 05/16/2017 Wall Industries, Inc. • 37 Industrial Drive, Exeter, NH 03833 • Tel: 603-778-2300 • Toll Free: 888-597-9255 • Fax 603-778-9797 website: www.wallindustries.com • e-mail: [email protected] Page 8 of 13 DHW50 SERIES 50 Watt DC/DC Power Converters Rev D EUT Operating Modes of EUT and Determination of Worst Case Operating Mode Test modes presented in report below. Mode 1 2 3 4 Mode 3 Conducted & Radiated Emission Test Model No. Input DHW12S3.3-33 12VDC DHW24S24-50 24VDC DHW48S24-50 48VDC DHW48S3.3-33 48VDC Immunity Tests Model No. Input DHW48S24-50 48VDC Output 3.3VDC 24VDC 24VDC 3.3VDC Output 24VDC Test Program Used and Operation Description Emission Test: Set the EUT under full resistor load. Immunity Tests: Connected a resistor load to DC output port of EUT to make EUT have maximum power consumption and a multimeter was used to monitor voltage of output. Primary Clock Frequencies of Internal Source The highest frequency generated or used within the EUT or on which the EUT operates or tunes is below 108MHz, provided by factory, for detailed internal source, please refer to manufacturers specifications. EMI FILTER Conduction & Radiation Solution Class Model Class A DHW50 Series L1 1mH//1mH 7448031501 C1 3.3µF/100V 1210 X7S MLCC C2 4.7µF/100V 1210 X7S MLCC C3, C4 1000pF/2kV 1206 X7R MLCC EFT & Surge Solution: To meet EN61000-4-4 & EN61000-4-5, an external capacitor across the input pins is required. Suggested capacitor: 330uF/100V. 05/16/2017 Wall Industries, Inc. • 37 Industrial Drive, Exeter, NH 03833 • Tel: 603-778-2300 • Toll Free: 888-597-9255 • Fax 603-778-9797 website: www.wallindustries.com • e-mail: [email protected] Page 9 of 13 Rev D DHW50 SERIES 50 Watt DC/DC Power Converters RADIATION REPORT Radiation Class A Report Limit Line: EN55032 Class A Polarity: Horizontal Limit Line: EN55032 Class A Polarity: Vertical 05/16/2017 Wall Industries, Inc. • 37 Industrial Drive, Exeter, NH 03833 • Tel: 603-778-2300 • Toll Free: 888-597-9255 • Fax 603-778-9797 website: www.wallindustries.com • e-mail: [email protected] Page 10 of 13 Rev D DHW50 SERIES 50 Watt DC/DC Power Converters TEST SETUP Input Reflected-Ripple Current Test Setup Input reflected-ripple current is measured with an inductor Lin (4.7µH) and Cin (220µF, ESR < 1.0Ω at 100 KHz) to simulate source impedance. Capacitor Cin offsets possible battery impedance. Current ripple is measured at the input terminals of the module. Measurement bandwidth is 0-500 KHz. Peak-to-Peak Output Noise Measurement Test Use a 1µF ceramic capacitor and a 10µF tantalum capacitor. Scope measurement should be made by using a BNC socket, measurement bandwidth is 0-20MHz. Position the load between 50mm and 75mm from the DC/DC converter. DESIGN & FEATURE CONSIDERATIONS Remote On/Off Positive logic remote on/off turns the module on during a logic high voltage on the remote on/off pin and off during a logic low. To turn the module on and off, the user must supply a switch to control the voltage between the on/off terminal and the –Vin terminal. The switch can be an open collector or equivalent. A logic low is 0V to 1.2V. A logic high is 3.5V to 12V. The maximum sink current at on/off terminal (Pin 3) during a logic low is -100µA. Over Current Protection To provide protection in a fault (output overload) condition, the unit is equipped with internal current limiting circuitry and can endure overload for an unlimited duration. Over Voltage Protection The output over voltage clamp consists of control circuitry which is independent of the primary regulation loop that monitors the voltage on the output terminals. The control loop of the clamp has a higher voltage set point than the primary loop. This provides a redundant voltage control that reduces the risk of output over voltage. The OVP level can be found in the model selection table. Output Ripple Reduction A good quality low ESR capacitor placed as close as possible across the load will give the best ripple and noise performance. To reduce output ripple, it is recommended to use 4.7µF capacitors at the output. 05/16/2017 Wall Industries, Inc. • 37 Industrial Drive, Exeter, NH 03833 • Tel: 603-778-2300 • Toll Free: 888-597-9255 • Fax 603-778-9797 website: www.wallindustries.com • e-mail: [email protected] Page 11 of 13 DHW50 SERIES 50 Watt DC/DC Power Converters Rev D Input Source Impedance The power module should be connected to a low ac-impedance input source. Highly inductive source impedances can affect the stability of the power module. In applications where power is supplied over long lines and output loading is high, it may be necessary to use a capacitor at the input to ensure startup. A Capacitor mounted close to the power module helps ensure stability of the unit, it is recommended to use a good quality low Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR < 1.0Ω at 100KHz) capacitor of a 10µF for the 24V and 48V devices. Maximum Capacitive Load The DHW50 series has a limitation of maximum connected capacitance on the output. The power module may be operated in current limiting mode during start-up, affecting the ramp-up and the start-up time. The maximum capacitance can be found in the model selection table. Thermal Considerations Many conditions affect the thermal performance of the power module, such as orientation, airflow over the module, and board spacing. To avoid exceeding the maximum temperature rating of the components inside the power module, the case temperature must be kept below 105°C. The derating curves are determined from measurements obtained in a test setup. MODEL NUMBER SETUP DHW 24 S 12 Series Name Input Voltage Output Quantity 24: 9-36 VDC S: Single Output 48: 18-75 VDC - 50 HS Ouptut Voltage Output Power Heatsink 3.3: 3.3 VDC 33: 33 Watts None: No Heatsink 5: 5 VDC 50: 50 Watts HS: Heatsink 12: 12 VDC 15: 15 VDC 24: 24 VDC 05/16/2017 Wall Industries, Inc. • 37 Industrial Drive, Exeter, NH 03833 • Tel: 603-778-2300 • Toll Free: 888-597-9255 • Fax 603-778-9797 website: www.wallindustries.com • e-mail: [email protected] Page 12 of 13 Rev D DHW50 SERIES 50 Watt DC/DC Power Converters COMPANY INFORMATION Wall Industries, Inc. has created custom and modified units for over 50 years. Our in-house research and development engineers will provide a solution that exceeds your performance requirements on-time and on budget. Our ISO9001-2008 certification is just one example of our commitment to producing a high quality, well-documented product for our customers. Our past projects demonstrate our commitment to you, our customer. Wall Industries, Inc. has a reputation for working closely with its customers to ensure each solution meets or exceeds form, fit and function requirements. We will continue to provide ongoing support for your project above and beyond the design and production phases. Give us a call today to discuss your future projects. Contact Wall Industries for further information: Phone: Toll Free: Fax: E-mail: Web: Address: 05/16/2017 (603)778-2300 (888)597-9255 (603)778-9797 [email protected] www.wallindustries.com 37 Industrial Drive Exeter, NH 03833 Wall Industries, Inc. • 37 Industrial Drive, Exeter, NH 03833 • Tel: 603-778-2300 • Toll Free: 888-597-9255 • Fax 603-778-9797 website: www.wallindustries.com • e-mail: [email protected] Page 13 of 13