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FL77905 Analog / PWM / Phase-cut Dimmable Compact LED Direct AC Driver Features Description The simplest Direct AC LED Driver with Only Two External RC Passive Components Wide AC Input Range : 90~305 VAC The FL77905 is a direct AC line LED driver with minimal number of external RC passive components. In normal configuration, one resistor is to adjust LED power, and one capacitor is to provide a stable voltage to an internal biasing shunt regulator. TRIAC Dimmable (Leading/Trailing Edge) Adjustable LED Power with an External Current Sense Resistor Low Harmonic Content (THD under 20% in Normal Configuration) Compact SOIC 8-Lead Package Three Integrated High-Voltage LED Constant Current Sinks of up to 75 mA (RMS) Capability The FL77905 provides phase-cut dimming with wide dimming range, smooth dimming control and good dimmer compatibility. It achieves high efficiency with high PF and low THD which makes the FL77905 suitable for high-efficiency LED lighting systems. The FL77905 can also be used with a rheostat dimmer switches which are suitable for desktop or indoor lamps. Rheostat Dimmable Analog/Digital PWM Dimming Function High Power Factor (above 0.98 in normal configuration) The FL77905 has a dedicated DIM pin which is designed to be used with analog or digital PWM dimming. Operation of FL77905 admits driving higher-wattage systems, such as street lights and down lights, by simply parallel connecting the driver ICs. Flexible LED Forward Voltage Configuration Power Scalability with Multiple Driver ICs Over-Temperature Protection (OTP) Applications General LED Driving Solution for Residential, Commercial and Industrial Lighting Ordering Information Part Number Operating Temperature Range FL77905MX -40 to 125°C © 2016 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FL77905 • Rev. 1.0 Package 8-Lead, Small Outline Integrated Circuit (SOIC) JEDEC MS012 150” Narrow Body, Exposed Pad Packing Method 2,500 per Reel www.fairchildsemi.com FL77905 — Analog / PWM / Phase-cut Dimmable Compact LED Direct AC Driver July 2016 FL77905 — Analog / PWM / Phase-cut Dimmable Compact LED Direct AC Driver Typical Application 2K Bridge Rectifier VIN VDD M.O.V CVDD 0.1µF, 50V To dimming signal DIM LED1 FL77905 Fuse CS LED2 LED3 GND Forward voltage (VF) across each LED group is adjustable as desired. RCS 1% GND Figure 1. Typical Application Schematic Block Diagram VIN 2 VDD 8 3 LED1 4 LED2 5 LED3 LED Current Modulator Shunt Regulator OverTemperature Protection LED Current Feedback DIM 1 6 7 GND CS Figure 1. © 2016 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FL77905 • Rev. 1.0 Simplified Block Diagram www.fairchildsemi.com 2 DIM 1 8 VDD VIN 2 7 CS LED1 3 6 GND LED2 4 5 LED3 Figure 2. Pin Configuration (Top View) Thermal Characteristics (1) (2) Component Package JA (1S PCB) JA (2S2P PCB) Unit FL77905MX 8-Lead, Small Outline Integrated Circuit (SOIC) JEDEC MS012 150” Narrow Body, Exposed Pad 156 37 °C/W Notes: 1. ΘJA: Thermal resistance between junction and ambient, dependent on the PCB design, heat sinking, and airflow. The value given is for natural convection with no heatsink using the 1S and 2S2P boards, as specified in JEDEC standards JESD51-2, JESD51-5, and JESD51-7, as appropriate. 2. Junction-to-air thermal resistance is highly dependent on application and PCB layout. In application where the device dissipates high levels of power during operation, special care of thermal dissipation issues in PCB design must be taken. Pin Definitions Pin# Name Description 1 DIM Dimming Signal Input Pin. This pin is used to further adjust LED current of a given RCS value. Apply 0 V to 5 V as the DIM signal. Both analog and digital PWM signal can be used. 2 VIN Rectified AC Input Voltage. Connect this pin to rectified AC voltage after a bridge rectifier. 3 LED1 4 LED2 5 LED3 6 GND 7 CS 8 VDD 0 EP LED String Cathodes. Connect cathode(s) of each LED group to these pins. Ground Reference Pin. Tie this pin directly to local ground plane. This ground should not be tied to earth ground because it is not isolated from AC mains. LED Current Sense Pin. Limits the LED current depending on voltage across sensing resistor. The CS pin is used to set the LED current regulation target. Internal Biasing Shunt Regulator Output. Voltage on this pin supplies internal circuitry of FL77905. A 17-V shunt regulator is internally connected to this pin. A bypassing capacitor is recommended to be added to reduce noise from VIN. Exposed Thermal Pad. EP is not tied to GND inside the IC. It is recommended to tie it to GND externally. © 2016 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FL77905 • Rev. 1.0 www.fairchildsemi.com 3 FL77905 — Analog / PWM / Phase-cut Dimmable Compact LED Direct AC Driver Pin Configuration Stresses exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may damage the device. The device may not function or be operable above the recommended operating conditions and stressing the parts to these levels is not recommended. In addition, extended exposure to stresses above the recommended operating conditions may affect device reliability. The absolute maximum ratings are stress ratings only. Symbol Min. Max. Unit VIN Voltage -0.3 500.0 V VLED1 LED1 Pin Voltage -0.3 500.0 V VLED2 LED2 Pin Voltage -0.3 500.0 V VLED3 LED3 Pin Voltage -0.3 200.0 V VCS CS Pin Voltage -0.3 6.0 V VDIM DIM Pin Voltage -0.3 6.0 V TJ Junction Temperature -55 +150 ºC TSTG Storage Temperature -65 +150 ºC ILED1 LED1 Current 80 mA ILED2 LED2 Current 100 mA ILED3 LED3 Current 150 mA VIN Parameter Notes: 3. Stress beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. 4. All voltage values, except differential voltages, are given with respect to the GND pin. 5. Human Body Model, ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001-2012: 1.0 kV at Pins 2~4, 0.4 kV at Pin 5, 1.5 kV at Pins 1, 7~8. 6. Charged Device Model, JESD22-C101: 1.0 kV at Pins 1~8. Recommended Operating Conditions The Recommended Operating Conditions table defines the conditions for actual device operation. Recommended operating conditions are specified to ensure optimal performance to the datasheet specifications. Fairchild does not recommend exceeding them or designing to Absolute Maximum Ratings. Symbol TJ Parameter Operating Junction Temperature © 2016 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FL77905 • Rev. 1.0 Min. Max. Unit -40 +125 °C www.fairchildsemi.com 4 FL77905 — Analog / PWM / Phase-cut Dimmable Compact LED Direct AC Driver Absolute Maximum Ratings Unless otherwise noted, RCS = 10 Ω, TA = 25°C. Currents are defined as positive into the device and negative out of the device. Symbol Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit VIN Supply IQUIES.VIN VIN Quiescent Current VIN = 500 V Max. 0.75 1.20 mA VDD Voltage VIN = 20.0 V 16 17 18 V ILED1 LED1 Current VIN = 20.0 V, VLED1 = 20.0 V 40.4 47.0 53.6 mA ILED2 LED2 Current VIN = 20.0 V, VLED2 = 35.0 V 78.2 86.0 93.8 mA ILED3 LED3 Current VIN = 20.0 V, VLED3 = 20.0 V 87.8 96.0 104.2 mA VDD Output VDD LED Current Over-Temperature Protection TOTP OTP Temperature (7) 170 °C Leakage Current ILED1-LK LED1 Leakage Current VLED1 = 500 V, VIN = 0 V 1 µA ILED2-LK LED2 Leakage Current VLED2 = 500 V, VIN = 0 V 1 µA ILED3-LK LED3 Leakage Current VLED3 = 200 V, VIN = 0 V 1 µA Note: 7. Not tested in production. Internal over-temperature protection circuitry protects the device from permanent damage. LEDs shut down at the junction temperature of TJ=170°C (typical). © 2016 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FL77905 • Rev. 1.0 www.fairchildsemi.com 5 FL77905 — Analog / PWM / Phase-cut Dimmable Compact LED Direct AC Driver Electrical Characteristics 1.03 1.15 1.02 Normalized to 25 °C Normalized to 25 °C 1.2 1.1 1.01 1.05 1 0.95 1 0.99 0.9 0.98 0.85 0.97 0.8 -40 -20 0 25 40 60 -40 -20 80 100 120 140 0 Temperature (ºC) Figure 3. 25 40 60 80 100 120 140 Temperature (ºC) IQUIES.VIN vs. Temperature Figure 4. VDD vs. Temperature 1.003 1.01 Normalized to 25 °C Normalized to 25 °C 1.002 1.005 1.001 1 1 0.999 0.995 0.998 0.99 -40 -20 0 25 40 60 80 0.997 100 120 140 -40 -20 Temperature (ºC) 0 25 40 60 80 100 120 140 Temperature (ºC) Figure 5. ILED1 vs. Temperature Figure 6. ILED2 vs. Temperature 1.003 Normalized to 25 °C 1.002 1.001 1 0.999 0.998 0.997 -40 -20 0 25 40 60 80 100 120 140 Temperature (ºC) Figure 7. ILED3 vs. Temperature © 2016 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FL77905 • Rev. 1.0 www.fairchildsemi.com 6 FL77905 — Analog / PWM / Phase-cut Dimmable Compact LED Direct AC Driver Typical Performance Characteristics than 0.98 and THD is lower than 20%. The efficiency heavily depends on a LED configuration. The FL77905 can drive LED strings attached directly to the rectified AC mains using only two external RC components (RCS and CVDD). With three integrated high voltage current sink, LED current in each string is precisely controlled with system compactness. High PF and low THD are obtained by the optimized current sink levels. Phase-cut dimming is easily obtained with wide dimming range and good dimmer compatibility. Dedicated DIM pin is used to implement analog or digital dimming function. Flicker index in the direct AC drive topology can be improved by adopting proprietary self valley-fill solution. LED Current and Power Setting The LED current is managed by an external current sense resistor RCS. Regulation target of each channel's current sink is calculated as follows: I LED1 When the rectified AC line voltage, VIN, is higher than the forward voltage of the consecutive LED groups, each LED group turns on automatically as the corresponding current sink has enough voltage headroom across it. Each current sink increases up to the predefined current level and maintains that level until the following channel’s current sink gets enough voltage headroom across it. AC Line Voltage (VIN) RCS ILED3 ILED2 VF1''+VF2'+VF3 VF1'+VF2 ILED1 VF1 · · · · · · 0.96 VAC .RMS 1.3 PIN (2) The actual RCS needs to be adjusted with respect to the LED configuration. LED Configuration In the LED configuration, it is required to increase the total LED forward voltage, VF to improve efficiency. For example, compared to using 3 LEDs with VF of 80 V (total VF = 80 V x 3 channels = 240 V) for each LED group, using 3 LEDs with VF of 90 V (total VF = 90 V x 3 channels = 270 V) will improve the efficiency simply due to the higher total VF. Each LED channel can have different VF. For example, if a design is implemented with 144 LEDs with VF of 3 V for 2-feet fluorescent lamp replacement, the user can assign flexible number of LEDs for LED channels such as 28s2p-34s2p-20s1p (“s” stands for LEDs in series and “p” stands for LEDs in parallel) or 27s2p-27s2p-36s1p. tD1 tD2 tD3 tD2 tD1 tD1: Current is directed to LED1 pin through 1st LED group. tD2: Current is directed to LED2 pin through 1st and 2nd LED groups. tD3: Current is directed to LED3 pin through 1st, 2nd, and 3rd LED groups. VF1/VF1'/VF1'': Forward voltage at forward current of ILED1/ILED2/ILED3 in 1st LED group. VF2/VF2': Forward voltage at forward current of ILED2/ILED3 in 2nd LED group. VF3: Forward voltage at forward current of ILED3 in 3rd LED group. Figure 8. (1) Root-mean-square (RMS) value of the input current can be calculated using the peak regulated current, I LED3, and crest factor. Since the LED current waveform is similar to the AC line voltage, the crest factor is close to the crest factor of a sine wave, √2=1.414. But the actual crest factor depends on the flattened time of the ILED3 and LED configuration. With FL77905, the typical crest factor is approximately 1.3. Thus, based on estimated input power, PIN, the RCS resistor value can be calculated as follows: Operation LED Current (IF) 0.47 0.86 0.96 , I LED 2 , and I LED 3 . RCS RCS RCS FL77905 Operation When VIN reaches to the forward voltage across the 1st LED group (VF1) at forward current IF = ILED1, the current drawn from the VIN is directed to the LED1 through the 1st LED group. In sequence, when VIN reaches forward voltage across 1st and 2nd LED groups (VF1'+VF2) at IF = ILED2, the current is directed to LED2 across 1st and 2nd LED groups. Finally, when VIN reaches VF1''+VF2'+VF3 at IF=ILED3, the LED current goes through 1st, 2nd, and 3rd LED groups and sinks to the LED3. Which needs to be considered is that VF of first LED group should be higher than VIN-pin turn-on voltage, which is 20 V. If the VF of the first LED group is configured to be lower than VIN-pin turn-on voltage, ILED1 will not have the correct regulation level when input voltage, VIN, is just exceeds the VF. Whenever the active channel (one that is sinking LED current) is changed from one channel to the adjacent channel with respect to the change in the VIN, the new active channel's current increases gradually while the existing active channel's current decreases at the same time. This smooth current transition reduces frequency harmonic contents and improves power factor as well as Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) characteristics. A good starting point for choosing a LED configuration is to have about 260 V~280 V of the total VF for 220 VAC mains and 130 V~140 V of the total VF for 120 VAC. By fully utilizing available headroom, the FL77905 offers maximum power, high efficiency, power factor and low harmonic distortion. Typically, power factor is higher © 2016 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FL77905 • Rev. 1.0 www.fairchildsemi.com 7 FL77905 — Analog / PWM / Phase-cut Dimmable Compact LED Direct AC Driver Functional Description Analog/PWM Dimming Function The system implemented with FL77905 does not require a bulk capacitor after bridge-rectification diodes. As a result, the VDD, which supplies biasing voltage for the FL77905, has voltage ripple like the rectification voltage after the bridge diodes as shown in Figure 9. The FL77905 has its DIM pin always enabled. The DIM pin is used for analog, 0 V to 10 V, or pulse width modulation (PWM) dimming by applying a voltage signal between 0 to 5 V or PWM signals with 5-V peaks to the DIM pin. Note that, if DIM pin is floating, there will be no LED current, since DIM pin does not source voltage by itself. If DIM-pin function is not required, use external circuit to keep DIM-pin voltage at 5 V, or use the FL77904. VIN IF1 VIN The VDD ripple can be reduced by a bypassing capacitor, CVDD. If the CVDD is not used, or its value is small, the VDD voltage fluctuates and goes even down to 0 V. It makes the FL77905 reset, but the FL77905 automatically restarts every cycle when the AC line voltage reaches a certain level. For a much stable operation, to implement CVDD is preferred. The recommended CVDD value is 1 µF with 50 V of voltage rating. P1 } 1st LED group FL77905 LED1 LED2 S2 LED3 DIM GND CVDD } VDD Ripple without CVDD } CS Figure 9. } VDD valley } VIN VDD } S1 } VDD S3 P2 P3 2nd LED group } 3rd LED group } VDIM RCS GND * S1, S2, S3: Number of LEDs in series each LED group * P1, P2, P3: Number of LEDs in parallel each LED group Figure 10. Analog or PWM Dimming Application The LED channel sink and total RMS current through LEDs will be linearly adjusted with the VDIM level as shown in Figure 11. Over-Temperature Protection (OTP) The FL77905 is with over temperature protection (OTP) inherently. When the driver's junction temperature exceeds a specified threshold temperature (TJ = 170°C), the driver will shut down automatically and then recover automatically once the temperature drops lower enough than the internal threshold temperature. Without this protection, the lifetime of the FL77905 can be reduced and irreparable damage can occur when it operates above its maximum junction temperature (150°C). Good thermal management is required to achieve best performance and long life span of the FL77905. LED Channel Sink Current vs. VDIM 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.08 ILED[A] 0.07 0.06 ILED1[A] 0.05 ILED2[A] 0.04 ILED3[A] 0.03 0.02 0.01 OTP also helps to screen out non-proper thermal management during design-phase of a lighting fixture. 0.00 0.0 0.5 1.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 VDIM[V] Figure 11. © 2016 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FL77905 • Rev. 1.0 1.5 LED Channel Sink Current vs. VDIM (RCS = 10 Ω) www.fairchildsemi.com 8 FL77905 — Analog / PWM / Phase-cut Dimmable Compact LED Direct AC Driver Internal Shunt Regulator Output, VDD 5.10 4.70 A 8 5 1.75 6.20 5.80 4.10 3.70 PIN #1 3.20 B 1 4 1.27 0.51 0.31 1.27 0.25 M C B A 0.50 0.25 0.70 0.60 B C 0.25 0.05 FRONT VIEW 1.75 MAX 1 0.65 LAND PATTERN RECOMMENDATION TOP VIEW 1.50 1.25 5.60 2.30 4 0.10 C 8° 0° 0.25 0.10 SIDE VIEW 1.05 0.90 0.40 0.25 DETAIL B SCALE 2:1 NOTES: A. NO INDUSTRY STANDARD APPLIES TO THIS PACKAGE B. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS C. DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH OR BURRS D. DRAWING FILENAME: MKT-M08Frev2 2.56 2.05 8 5 3.45 2.09 BOTTOM VIEW ON Semiconductor and are trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC dba ON Semiconductor or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. ON Semiconductor owns the rights to a number of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property. A listing of ON Semiconductor’s product/patent coverage may be accessed at www.onsemi.com/site/pdf/Patent−Marking.pdf. ON Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. 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