SCAS379B − FEBRUARY 1993 − REVISED FEBRUARY 1996 D Low Output Skew for Clock-Distribution D D D D D D Application for Synchronous DRAMs D Outputs Have Internal 26-Ω Series and Clock-Generation Applications Operates at 3.3-V VCC Distributes Differential LVPECL Clock Inputs to 12 TTL-Compatible Outputs Two Select Inputs Configure Up to Nine Outputs to Operate at One-Half or Double the Input Frequency No External RC Network Required External Feedback Input (FBIN) Is Used to Synchronize the Outputs With the Clock Inputs D D D Resistors to Dampen Transmission-Line Effects State-of-the-Art EPIC-ΙΙB BiCMOS Design Significantly Reduces Power Dissipation Distributed VCC and Ground Pins Reduce Switching Noise Packaged in 52-Pin Quad Flatpack GND SEL1 SEL0 AGND FBIN AGND AVCC CLKIN CLKIN AVCC OE TEST CLR PAH PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) 1 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 2 38 3 37 4 36 5 35 6 34 7 33 8 32 9 31 10 30 11 29 12 28 13 27 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 VCC 4Y3 GND VCC 4Y2 GND VCC 4Y1 GND GND VCC 3Y3 GND GND 2Y2 VCC GND 2Y3 VCC GND GND 3Y1 VCC GND 3Y2 VCC GND 1Y1 VCC GND 1Y2 VCC GND 1Y3 VCC GND GND 2Y1 VCC description The CDC2582 is a high-performance, low-skew, low-jitter clock driver. It uses a phase-lock loop (PLL) to precisely align the frequency and phase of the clock output signals to the differential LVPECL clock (CLKIN, CLKIN) input signals. It is specifically designed to operate at speeds from 50 MHz to 100 MHz or down to 25 MHz on outputs configured as half-frequency outputs. Each output has an internal 26-Ω series resistor that improves the signal integrity at the load. The CDC2582 operates at 3.3-V VCC. The feedback input (FBIN) synchronizes the frequency of the output clocks with the input clock (CLKIN, CLKIN) signals. One of the twelve output clocks must be fed back to FBIN for the PLL to maintain synchronization between the differential CLKIN and CLKIN inputs and the outputs. The output used as feedback is synchronized to the same frequency as the clock (CLKIN and CLKIN) inputs. Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. EPIC-ΙΙB is a trademark of Texas Instruments Incorporated. Copyright 1996, Texas Instruments Incorporated ! " #$%! " &$'(#! )!% )$#!" # ! "&%##!" &% !*% !%" %+" "!$%!" "!)) ,!- )$#! &#%"". )%" ! %#%""(- #($)% !%"!. (( &%!%" • POST OFFICE BOX 655303 DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 POST OFFICE BOX 1443 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77251−1443 • 1 SCAS379B − FEBRUARY 1993 − REVISED FEBRUARY 1996 description (continued) The Y outputs can be configured to switch in phase and at the same frequency as differential clock inputs (CLKIN and CLKIN). Select (SEL1, SEL0) inputs configure up to nine Y outputs, in banks of three, to operate at one-half or double the differential clock input frequency, depending upon the feedback configuration (see Tables 1 and 2). All output signal duty cycles are adjusted to 50% independent of the duty cycle at the input clocks. Output-enable (OE) is provided for output control. When OE is high, the outputs are in the low state. When OE is low, the outputs are active. CLR is negative-edge triggered and can be used to reset the outputs operating at half frequency. TEST is used for factory testing of the device and can be used to bypass the PLL. TEST should be strapped to GND for normal operation. Unlike many products containing a PLL, the CDC2582 does not require external RC networks. The loop filter for the PLL is included on chip, minimizing component count, board space, and cost. Because it is based on PLL circuitry, the CDC2582 requires a stabilization time to achieve phase lock of the feedback signal to the reference signal. This stabilization time is required following power up and application of a fixed-frequency, fixed-phase signal at CLKIN and CLKIN, as well as following any changes to the PLL reference or feedback signal. Such changes occur upon change of SEL1 and SEL0, enabling the PLL via TEST, and upon enable of all outputs via OE. The CDC2582 is characterized for operation from 0°C to 70°C. detailed description of output configurations The voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) used in the CDC2582 has a frequency range of 100 MHz to 200 MHz, twice the operating frequency range of the CDC2582 outputs. The output of the VCO is divided by 2 and by 4 to provide reference frequencies with a 50% duty cycle of one-half and one-fourth the VCO frequency. SEL0 and SEL1 determine which of the two signals are buffered to each bank of device outputs. One device output must be externally wired to FBIN to complete the PLL. The VCO operates such that the frequency of this output matches that of the CLKIN/CLKIN signals. In the case that a VCO/2 output is wired to FBIN, the VCO must operate at twice the CLKIN/CLKIN frequency, resulting in device outputs that operate at the same or one-half the CLKIN/CLKIN frequency. If a VCO/4 output is wired to FBIN, the device outputs operate at the same or twice the CLKIN/CLKIN frequency. output configuration A Output configuration A is valid when any output configured as a 1× frequency output in Table 1 is fed back to FBIN. The frequency range for the differential clock input is 50 MHz to 100 MHz when using output configuration A. Outputs configured as 1/2× outputs operate at half the input clock frequency, while outputs configured as 1× outputs operate at the same frequency as the differential clock input. Table 1. Output Configuration A INPUTS OUTPUTS SEL0 1/2× FREQUENCY L L None All L H 1Yn 2Yn, 3Yn, 4Yn H L 1Yn, 2Yn 3Yn, 4Yn H H 1Yn, 2Yn, 3Yn 4Yn SEL1 1× FREQUENCY NOTE: n = 1, 2, 3 2 • POST OFFICE BOX 655303 DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 POST OFFICE BOX 1443 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77251−1443 • SCAS379B − FEBRUARY 1993 − REVISED FEBRUARY 1996 output configuration B Output configuration B is valid when any output configured as a 1× frequency output in Table 2 is fed back to FBIN. The frequency range for the differential clock inputs is 25 MHz to 50 MHz when using output configuration B. Outputs configured as 1× outputs operate at the input clock frequency, while outputs configured as 2× outputs operate at double the frequency of the differential clock inputs. Table 2. Output Configuration B INPUTS OUTPUTS SEL1 SEL0 1× FREQUENCY 2× FREQUENCY L L All None L H 1Yn 2Yn, 3Yn, 4Yn H L 1Yn, 2Yn 3Yn, 4Yn H H 1Yn, 2Yn, 3Yn 4Yn NOTE: n = 1, 2, 3 • POST OFFICE BOX 655303 DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 POST OFFICE BOX 1443 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77251−1443 • 3 SCAS379B − FEBRUARY 1993 − REVISED FEBRUARY 1996 functional block diagram OE CLR FBIN ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ Phase-Lock Loop CLKIN CLKIN CLR ÁÁÁÁ B2 B2 TEST SEL0 ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ One of Three Identical Outputs − 1Yn Select Logic SEL1 1Y1 −1Y3 One of Three Identical Outputs − 2Yn 2Y1 −2Y3 One of Three Identical Outputs − 3Yn 3Y1 −3Y3 One of Three Identical Outputs − 4Yn 4Y1 −4Y3 4 • POST OFFICE BOX 655303 DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 POST OFFICE BOX 1443 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77251−1443 • SCAS379B − FEBRUARY 1993 − REVISED FEBRUARY 1996 Terminal Functions TERMINAL NAME NO. I/O DESCRIPTION CLKIN CLKIN 44, 45 I Clock input. CLKIN and CLKIN are the differential clock signals to be distributed by the CDC2582 clock-driver circuit. These inputs are used to provide the reference signal to the integrated PLL that generates the clock-output signals. CLKIN and CLKIN must have a fixed frequency and fixed phase for the PLL to obtain phase lock. Once the circuit is powered up and valid CLKIN and CLKIN signals are applied, a stabilization time is required for the PLL to phase lock the feedback signal to its reference signal. CLR 40 I Clear. CLR is used to reset the VCO/4 reference frequency. CLR is negative-edge triggered and should be strapped to VCC or GND for normal operation. FBIN 48 I Feedback input. FBIN provides the feedback signal to the internal PLL. FBIN must be hardwired to one of the twelve clock outputs to provide frequency and phase lock. The internal PLL adjusts the output clocks to obtain zero-phase delay between the FBIN and the differential clock input (CLKIN and CLKIN). OE 42 I Output enable. OE is the output enable for all outputs. When OE is low, all outputs are enabled. When OE is high, all outputs are in the high-impedance state. Since the feedback signal for the PLL is taken directly from an output terminal, placing the outputs in the high-impedance state interrupts the feedback loop; therefore, when a high-to-low transition occurs at OE, enabling the output buffers, a stabilization time is required before the PLL obtains phase lock. SEL1, SEL0 51, 50 I Output configuration select. SEL0 and SEL1 select the output configuration for each output bank (e.g., 1×, 1/2×, or 2×) (see Tables 1 and 2). TEST 41 I TEST is used to bypass the PLL circuitry for factory testing of the device. When TEST is low, all outputs operate using the PLL circuitry. When TEST is high, the outputs are placed in a test mode that bypasses the PLL circuitry. TEST should be strapped to GND for normal operation. 1Y1 −1Y3 2Y1 −2Y3 3Y1 −3Y3 2, 5, 8 12, 15, 18 22, 25, 28 O These outputs are configured by SEL1 and SEL0 to transmit one-half or one-fourth the frequency of the VCO. The relationship between the input clock frequency and the output frequency is dependent on SEL1 and SEL0 and the frequency of the output being fed back to FBIN. The duty cycle of the Y outputs is nominally 50% independent of the duty cycle of the input clock signals. Each output has an internal series resistor to dampen transmission-line effects and improve the signal integrity at the load. O These outputs transmit one-half the frequency of the VCO. The relationship between the input clock frequency and the output frequency is dependent on the frequency of the output being fed back to FBIN. The duty cycle of the Y outputs is nominally 50% independent of the duty cycle of CLKIN. Each output has an internal series resistor to dampen transmission-line effects and improve the signal integrity at the load. 4Y1 −4Y3 32, 35, 38 absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)† Supply voltage range, VCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −0.5 V to 4.6 V Input voltage range, VI (see Note 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −0.5 V to 7 V Voltage range applied to any output in the high state or power-off state, VO (see Note 1) . . . −0.5 V to 5.5 V Current into any output in the low state, IO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 mA Input clamp current, IIK (VI < 0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −20 mA Output clamp current, IOK (VO < 0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −50 mA Maximum power dissipation at TA = 55°C (in still air) (see Note 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 W Storage temperature range, Tstg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . −65°C to 150°C † Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. NOTES: 1. The input and output negative-voltage ratings may be exceeded if the input and output clamp-current ratings are observed. 2. The maximum package power dissipation is calculated using a junction temperature of 150°C and a board trace length of 750 mils. For more information, refer to the Package Thermal Considerations application note in the ABT Advanced BiCMOS Technology Data Book, literature number SCBD002. • POST OFFICE BOX 655303 DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 POST OFFICE BOX 1443 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77251−1443 • 5 SCAS379B − FEBRUARY 1993 − REVISED FEBRUARY 1996 recommended operating conditions (see Note 3) VCC Supply voltage CLKIN, CLKIN VIH High-level input voltage VIL Low-level input voltage VI IOH Input voltage IOL TA MIN MAX 3 3.6 UNIT V VCC −1.025 2 Other inputs CLKIN, CLKIN V VCC −1.62 0.8 Other inputs 0 V 5.5 V High-level output current −12 mA Low-level output current 12 mA 70 °C Operating free-air temperature 0 NOTE 3: Unused inputs must be held high or low to prevent them from floating. electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER VIK VOH VCC = 3 V, VCC = MIN to MAX†, II = −18 mA IOH = − 100 µA VCC = 3 V, IOH = − 12 mA IOL = 100 µA VOL VCC = 3 V II VCC = 0 or MAX†, VCC = 3.6 V, ICC VCC = 3.6 V, VI = VCC or GND Ci Co TA = 25°C MIN MAX TEST CONDITIONS −1.2 VCC −0.2 2 V 0.8 ±10 ±1 VI = VCC or GND IO = 0, Outputs high 5 Outputs low 5 VI = 3 V or 0 VO = 3 V or 0 • POST OFFICE BOX 655303 DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 POST OFFICE BOX 1443 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77251−1443 • V 0.2 IOL = 12 mA VI = 3.6 V † For conditions shown as MIN or MAX, use the appropriate value specified under recommended operating conditions. 6 UNIT V µA A mA 4 pF 8 pF SCAS379B − FEBRUARY 1993 − REVISED FEBRUARY 1996 timing requirements over recommended ranges of supply voltage and operating free-air temperature fclock Clock frequency MIN MAX VCO is operating at four times the CLKIN/CLKIN frequency 25 50 VCO is operating at double the CLKIN/CLKIN frequency 50 100 40% 60% Input clock duty cycle Stabilization time† After SEL1, SEL0 50 After OE↓ 50 After power up 50 UNIT MHz µs † Time required for the integrated PLL circuit to obtain phase lock of its feedback signal to its reference signal. For phase lock to be obtained, a fixed-frequency, fixed-phase reference signal must be present at CLKIN. Until phase lock is obtained, the specifications for propagation delay and skew parameters given in the switching characteristics table are not applicable. switching characteristics over recommended ranges of supply voltage and operating free-air temperature, CL = 15 pF (see Note 4 and Figures 1, 2, and 3) FROM (INPUT) PARAMETER TO (OUTPUT) MIN MAX Y 45% 55% Duty cycle fmax Jitter(pk-pk) 100 tphase error‡ tsk(o)‡ CLKIN↑ Y↑ CLKIN↑ Y tsk(pr)‡ tr UNIT MHz −500 200 ps 500 ps Y 0.5 ns Y 1 ns 1.4 ns tf 1.4 ns ‡ The propagation delay, tphase error, is dependent on the feedback path from any output to FBIN. The tphase error, tsk(o), and tsk(pr) specifications are only valid for equal loading of all outputs. NOTE 4: The specifications for parameters in this table are applicable only after any appropriate stabilization time has elapsed. PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION 2.4 V CLKIN 2V 2V CLKIN tphase error Output From Output Under Test 500 Ω CL = 15 pf (see Note A) 1.6 V 2V 0.8 V tr 1.5 V 2V 0.8 V VOH VOL tf VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS PROPAGATION DELAY TIMES LOAD CIRCUIT FOR OUTPUTS NOTES: A. CL includes probe and jig capacitance. B. The outputs are measured one at a time with one transition per measurement. C. All input pulses are supplied by generators having the following characteristics: PRR ≤ 10 MHz, ZO = 50 Ω, tr ≤ 2.5 ns, tf ≤ 2.5 ns. Figure 1. Load Circuit and Voltage Waveforms • POST OFFICE BOX 655303 DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 POST OFFICE BOX 1443 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77251−1443 • 7 SCAS379B − FEBRUARY 1993 − REVISED FEBRUARY 1996 PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION CLKIN CLKIN tphase error 1 Outputs Operating at 1/2 CLKIN Frequency tphase error 2 tphase error 3 Outputs Operating at CLKIN Frequency tphase error 4 tphase error 7 tphase error 5 tphase error 8 tphase error 6 tphase error 9 NOTES: A. Output skew, tsk(o), is calculated as the greater of: − The difference between the fastest and slowest of tphase error n (n = 1, 2, . . . 6) − The difference between the fastest and slowest of tphase error n (n = 7, 8, 9) B. Process skew, tsk(pr), is calculated as the greater of: − The difference between the maximum and minimum tphase error n (n = 1, 2, . . . 6) across multiple devices under identical operating conditions − The difference between the maximum and minimum tphase error n (n = 7, 8, 9) across multiple devices under identical operating conditions Figure 2. Skew Waveforms and Calculations 8 • POST OFFICE BOX 655303 DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 POST OFFICE BOX 1443 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77251−1443 • SCAS379B − FEBRUARY 1993 − REVISED FEBRUARY 1996 PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION CLKIN CLKIN tphase error 10 Outputs Operating at CLKIN Frequency tphase error 11 tphase error 12 tphase error 13 Outputs Operating at 2X CLKIN Frequency tphase error 14 tphase error 15 NOTES: A. Output skew, tsk(o), is calculated as the greater of: − The difference between the fastest and slowest of tphase error n (n = 10, 11, . . . 15) B. Process skew, tsk(pr), is calculated as the greater of: − The difference between the maximum and minimum tphase error n (n = 10, 11, . . . 15) across multiple devices under identical operating conditions Figure 3. Waveforms for Calculation of tsk(o) and tsk(pr) • POST OFFICE BOX 655303 DALLAS, TEXAS 75265 POST OFFICE BOX 1443 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77251−1443 • 9 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, modifications, enhancements, improvements, and other changes to its products and services at any time and to discontinue any product or service without notice. Customers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. 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