ILD 211 1 Digital DC/DC Buck Controller IC Dat ashe et Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 Po wer Ma nage m ent & M ulti m ark et ILD2111 Digital DC/DC Controller with I-Set Product highlights Assumes control of functionality where a microcontroller is required in conventional systems Device configurable by a comprehensive parameter set High efficiency over wide input and output ranges High accuracy of +/-5% over output current range and useful temperature PG-DSO-8-58 Features Description Hysteretic current regulation Output current adjustable in up to 16 steps with a dynamic range of 1:4 between min. and max. configurable by an external resistor Flicker-free and phase-aligned PWM dimming based on input PWM signal Fully configurable internal and external smart overtemperature protection Open/short load protection Overpower protection The ILD2111 is a high-performance microcontroller-based digital DC/DC buck LED controller, designed as a constant current source. The driving current is adjustable with a simple external resistor. Flicker-free dimming supported by means of phase-aligned PWM LED current. An ASSP digital microcontroller-based engine is highly configurable using a comprehensive parameter set to provide fine tuning of operation and protection features. High-precision hysteretic output current regulation is achieved thanks to the digital control loops. Applications Integrated electronic control gear for LED luminaires LED drivers, e.g. 2-stage professional lighting systems VIN LEDs 5 GD0 4 3 Line Voltage PFC+Flyback VCC 7 CS MOSFET BSP373 L6327 ILD2111 DC/DC Buck GND 8 Current Control REF/SC 2 Rext VDDP 1 PWM Temperature Control TS ZD2V7 PTC 6 PWM - Dimming GND UART Interface Configuration & In-Circuit Calibration External PWM Signal Figure 1. Typical Application Product type Package ILD2111 PG-DSO-8-58 Datasheet 2 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 Pin Configuration and Description ................................................................................................... 4 2 Block Diagram .................................................................................................................................... 5 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 3.3.5 3.4 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.5 3.6 3.6.1 3.6.2 3.6.3 3.6.4 3.6.5 3.6.6 3.6.7 3.6.8 3.6.9 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.9.1 3.9.2 Functional Description ...................................................................................................................... 6 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 6 Main Supply (VCC)............................................................................................................................. 11 Controller Features............................................................................................................................. 11 Configurable Leading Edge Blanking (LEB) and Sampling Time at Pin CS ...................................... 12 Configurable Gate Driver Output ........................................................................................................ 12 Reference Current Setup ................................................................................................................... 13 Output Current Control and Measuring .............................................................................................. 17 Current Startup, Soft-Start and Shutdown Control ............................................................................. 19 Current Ripple vs. Switching Frequency Control Scheme ................................................................. 20 Fixed Current Ripple .......................................................................................................................... 20 Frequency and Ripple Control ........................................................................................................... 21 Input Voltage Measurement and Calibration ...................................................................................... 28 Protection Features ............................................................................................................................ 30 Undervoltage Protection for DC Input Line – VIN Undervoltage ......................................................... 32 Overvoltage Protection for DC Input Line – VIN Overvoltage ............................................................. 32 Output Undervoltage Protection – VOUT Undervoltage ....................................................................... 32 Open Output Protection ..................................................................................................................... 32 Output Overvoltage Protection – VOUT Overvoltage ........................................................................... 33 Output Overpower Protection – POUT Overpower .............................................................................. 33 Overtemperature Protection ............................................................................................................... 34 Overcurrent Protection – Level 2 (OCP2) .......................................................................................... 39 Functional Protections ........................................................................................................................ 39 External PWM Dimming ..................................................................................................................... 40 Output Current PWM Modulation ....................................................................................................... 41 Configuration ...................................................................................................................................... 42 Overview of Configurable Parameters ............................................................................................... 42 Configuration Procedure – Parameter Handling ................................................................................ 52 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Electrical Characteristics ................................................................................................................ 54 Definitions ........................................................................................................................................... 54 Absolute Maximum Ratings ............................................................................................................... 55 Package Characteristics .................................................................................................................... 56 Operating Conditions ......................................................................................................................... 56 DC Electrical Characteristics .............................................................................................................. 57 5 Outline Dimensions ......................................................................................................................... 63 Datasheet 3 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Pin Configuration and Description 1 Pin Configuration and Description The pin configuration is shown in Figure 2 and Table 1-1. The pin functions are described later. TS 1 8 GND REF/SC 2 7 VCC CS 3 6 PWM GD0 4 5 VIN PG-DSO-8-58 (150mil) Figure 2. Pin Configuration Table 1-1. Pin Definitions and Functions Symbol Pin Type TS 1 I REF/SC 2 IO CS 3 I GD0 4 O VIN 5 I PWM 6 I VCC 7 I GND 8 O Datasheet Function Temperature Sensor The pin TS is used for external temperature measurement using PTC or an appropriate passive temperature sensor. Reference/Serial Communication The pin REF/SC is multiplexed. During startup it is used for reference current sensing by means of an external RC circuit. Afterwards, it serves as a UART serial communication interface. Current Sense Current measurement on an external shunt resistor. Gate Driver Output 0 Output for directly driving a power MOS. Voltage Input Voltage input measurement. Requires an external series resistor for voltage sensing and current limitation. PWM Dimming Signal Input for PWM-based dimming signal. Positive Voltage Supply IC power supply. Power and Signal Ground 4 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Block Diagram Block Diagram 2 The block diagram of ILD2111 is shown in Figure 3. VCC VIN PWM Startup/Wake-up Cell External PWM Detection Internal Temperature Sensing Power Management Temperature Protection Constant Current Regulator Overvoltage Protection External Temperature Sensing Undervoltage Protection VCC & VIN Measuring UART Gate Driver Current Reference Measuring TS GD0 Current Limiter CS Current Sensing Timer REF/SC GND Figure 3. Block Diagram Datasheet 5 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description 3 Functional Description The functional description provides an overview of the integrated functions and features, and their relationship. The parameters and equations provided are based on typical values at T A = 25°C. The corresponding minimum and maximum values are shown in Section 4, Electrical Characteristics. 3.1 Introduction The ILD2111 is a high-performance digital microcontroller-based DC/DC buck LED controller designed as a constant current source with hysteretic output current regulation. The controller typically uses a floating buck topology operating in a Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM). In order to reduce switching losses and increase efficiency, as well as to control the switching frequency over a wide variety of external component values, input voltage and load variations, a frequency ripple control is introduced. Both internal and external temperature measurements are implemented and accompanied with an intelligent temperature protection algorithm with two threshold values. The controller utilizes a variety of protection features, including overpower, open and short load conditions. The ILD2111 is a dimmable device controlled by an external PWM signal. The device can be parameterized by means of a single pin UART interface at the REF/SC pin (see Section 3.9). A complete top-level device operation process, including protection and error handling, is shown in Figure 4. Table 3-1 shows device operating statuses, buck statuses associated with the buck state machine, as well as error and associated error codes. The buck state machine diagram is shown in Figure 5. Datasheet 6 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description Power-up reset Executed from ROM code Copy OTP to RAM with CRC check and start FW Copy default parameters from OTP to RAM 2 Applying parameter patches Parameters CRC? NO 1 OPER_STATUS = OPER_ERR ERR_STATUS = ERR_PARAM_DATA 1 OPER_STATUS = OPER_ERR ERR_STATUS = ERR_PARAM_EMPTY YES 3 Parameters Consistency? NO YES 7 Hardware initialization OPER_STATUS = OPER_OFF ERR_STATUS = ERR_NONE Temperature protection initialization BUCK_CONTROL = BUCK_OFF Reference current set UART initialization OPER_STATUS = OPER_STARTUP buck_oper_loop_delay for error restart phases: Delay = 0 – for first start, after HOT and COLD restart and after input undervoltage error. Delay = ERR_RESTART_TIME – after following errors: output undervoltage, output overvoltage, output overpower, open output and input overvoltage 8 Startup delay Process UART communication VIN_MIN_START < VIN < VIN_MAX_START NO BUCK_CONTROL = BUCK_STARTUP ERR_STATUS = ERR_INPUV or ERR_INPOV YES YES T>T_critical ERR_STATUS = ERR_OTI or ERR_OTE NO NO T_hot <T< T_critical YES Parameters: ITP_STARTUP_PWM_HOT or ETP_STARTUP_PWM_HOT Set internal PWM duty to parameter value Buck operation initialization and START OPER_STATUS = OPER_RUN BUCK_CONTROL = BUCK_SOFTSTART 4 Datasheet 7 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description 4 Process UART communication VIN_MIN_OPER < VIN < VIN_MAX_OPER NO 6 OPER_STATUS = OPER_ERR ERR_STATUS = ERR_INPUV or ERR_INPOV 6 OPER_STATUS = OPER_ERR ERR_STATUS = ERR_OPEN 4 One averaging interval is 16 Buck PWM switching cycles 6 OPER_STATUS = OPER_ERR ERR_STATUS = ERR_OUTUV or ERR_OUTOV 6 OPER_STATUS = OPER_ERR ERR_STATUS = ERR_PWR 6 OPER_STATUS = OPER_ERR ERR_STATUS = ERR_OTI or ERR_OTE YES YES Open output? NO Apply delay (event_counter) Delay(1) = 100 µs Delay(2) = 500 µs Delay(3) = 2500 µs Delay(4+) = OCP2_RESTART_DELAY YES OCP2 level? NO Restart hardware PWM engine Process EPWM measurement Process Buck state machine NO Average check? YES Process Calculations and Compensations VOUT_MIN < VOUT < VOUT_MAX NO YES POUT < POUT_MAX_LC or POUT_MAX_HC NO YES YES T > T_critical NO Process temperature dimming 5 Datasheet 8 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description 1 UART initialization YES 3 Hot restart? NO NO Cold restart? 1 YES 2 5 NO FRC update interval elapsed? FRC update interval is set to higher rate during startup YES Process FRC Frequency Ripple Controller NO Is FRC in steady-state? YES Change FRC update interval to lower rate = 16·TPWM· FRC_REG_INTERVAL_OPER (typically in a range of couple of seconds) 4 6 Process Buck Shutdown Open output error All other errors 7 8 Figure 4. Device Operating Flowchart Datasheet 9 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description Operating statuses are presented in Table 3-1 below. Table 3-1. Device Operating Statuses Status OPER_STATUS OPER_OFF OPER_STARTUP OPER_RUN OPER_ERR OPER_STOP ERR_STATUS ERR_NONE ERR_INPUV ERR_INPOV ERR_OUTUV ERR_OUTOV ERR_PWR ERR_OPEN ERR_OCP ERR_OTI ERR_OTE ERR_PARAM_EMPTY ERR_PARAM_DATA ERR_MODE ERR_MODE_LATCH ERR_MODE_RESTART ERR_MODE_OFF ERR_MODE_NOP 1) BUCK_STATUS BUCK_OFF BUCK_STARTUP Value 0000H 0001H 0002H 0004H 0008H 0000H 0001H 0002H 0004H 0008H 0010H 0020H 0040H 0080H 0100H 0400H 0800H Description Off - initial buck state Startup - Vin & temperature checking Run Stopped by error Stopped by UART command No errors Input undervoltage Input overvoltage Output undervoltage Output overvoltage Output overpower Output open OCP2 level detection Overtemperature internal sensor Overtemperature external sensor Default parameter block empty Default parameter block checksum error Error handling latch Error handling auto restart Error handling is off Error handling does not affect auto restart counter Buck is off Buck is in start-up phase (initialized, waiting for start-up condition, i.e. voltage and temperature) Buck is in soft-start phase (implements increasing current slope until reaching reference current) Buck is in shutdown phase (implements current decreasing slope) Buck is executing off, buck operation stopped Buck in error state (generate small error current) Buck is on (normal operation, default state of operation) During normal operation, in addition to the aforementioned operations, the following actions will be executed: − Open-output processing − Output current PWM dimming processing − VCC / internal temperature measurement and processing − External temperature measurement and processing − OCP1 - peak current processing − OCP2 - peak current processing − EPWM measurement and processing − PI regulator processing − Input over- and undervoltage processing − Output over- and undervoltage processing − Output overpower processing BUCK_SOFTSTART BUCK_SHUTDOWN BUCK_EXE_OFF BUCK_ERRC 2) BUCK_ON 1) 2) See buck state machine in Figure 5. The number of averaged buck cycles for steady-state operation, where calculations and protections are handled, is defined by the constant Buck_steady_delay (see Table 3-14). Datasheet 10 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description START BUCK_OFF OPER_OFF BUCK_STARTUP OPER_STARTUP BUCK_SOFTSTART OPER_RUN BUCK_ON OPER_ERR BUCK_SHUTDOWN BUCK_ERRC BUCK_EXE_OFF Figure 5. Buck State Machine 3.2 Main Supply (VCC) The device is powered via the VCC pin. All device supply voltages are internally generated from the VCC voltage. 3.3 Controller Features Table 3-2 gives an overview of the controller features that are described in the referenced sections. Table 3-2. Controller Features Configurable Leading Edge Blanking (LEB) and Sample Time at Pin CS Section 3.3.1 Configurable Gate Driver Output Section 3.3.2 Reference Current Setup Output Current Control and Measuring Section 3.3.3 Current Startup, Soft-Start and Shutdown Control Section 3.3.5 Datasheet Section 3.3.4 11 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description 3.3.1 Configurable Leading Edge Blanking (LEB) and Sampling Time at Pin CS A configurable leading edge blanking time tCSLEB is integrated into the current sensing path to provide more accurate output current sensing and regulation. Leading-edge spikes during the PowerMOS switch-on phase, as shown in Figure 6, can affect sampled output current values, resulting in imprecise current sensing. The LEB time is used to prevent false overcurrent detection, while the sample time defines the moment of the current sampling for A/D conversion. The time tCSLEB and the sampling time are configured by the constants CS_blanking_time and CS_sample_time respectively (see Table 3-19) in order to provide output current sampling at the moment when no spikes are present. ILD2111 GD0 S&H CS R_current_sense tCSLEB TON TOFF tCSLEB Figure 6. Configurable Leading Edge Blanking Time at Pin CS 3.3.2 Configurable Gate Driver Output The gate driver output (GD0) can be configured with respect to the final voltage level and gate drive current, which influence the rising voltage slope for switching on the external PowerMOS (see Figure 7) and therefore a switch-on time. A compromise should and could be made between switching power losses and electromagnetic radiation by using these parameters (especially gate drive current values). The output gate voltage VGDH and gate current IGD can be programmed by the parameters, providing an adjustable PowerMOS turn-on time. The programmable output gate voltage range is from 4.5 V to 15 V (see Table 3-8). VGDH cannot be higher than the power supply voltage VCC, regardless of the programmed value. The programmable gate current range is from 30 mA to 118 mA (see Table 3-8). Figure 7 shows the gate driver output voltage signal. Different rising slopes correspond to different gate driving currents. The slope is proportional to the current. VGD VGDH IGD1 < IGD2 < IGD3 < IGD4 IGD1 IGD2 IGD3 IGD4 t Figure 7. Configurable Gate Driver Output Datasheet 12 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description 3.3.3 Reference Current Setup The reference current value is obtained by measurement using the value of the external resistor R_iset connected to the pin ‘REF/SC’ together with the reference capacitor C_ref via the discharge time of the capacitor (see Figure 8 and Figure 9). Depending on the resistance of R_iset, the appropriate reference current, stored in a table of 16 currents (see Table 3-12), is used as a reference for the output current. The reference current setup procedure (I-set) will always be executed during the startup sequence or during Open output protection recovery – see Section 3.6.4. When the internal switch SW is turned on for a short period of time defined by the constant RC_cap_charge_time (see Table 3-19) while the digital output is high, the C_ref is fully charged to Vcref, where this voltage depends on the internal VDDP voltage and voltage divider R_ref_sc – R_iset. R_ref_sc is used for decoupling the reference current measurement circuitry and serial UART communication. Care must be taken that the ratio of R_iset to R_ref_sc is sufficient to have only a low impact on Vcref. Otherwise, it has to be included in the time thresholds calculation. When the switch is turned off, the C_ref discharges through the external resistor R_iset. The discharging time of the capacitor C_ref depends on the value of the external resistor. During the discharging interval, the pin voltage is measured by ADC while an internal timer measures the discharging time. When the capacitor voltage drops below the constant threshold level V_adc_th (constant V_ADC_th, see Table 3-13), the internal timer value is latched and used to determine the reference current from the predefined I-set table. UART Interface VDDP= 3.3 V + REF / SC Software Control R_ref_sc SW C_filt V_ref_rc_charge C_ref R_iset Vcref ILD2111 ADC Figure 8. Charging and Discharging of the C_ref Capacitance Depending on the Switch State C_filt is a ceramic capacitor used to filter noise, caused by the converter switching operation. Mainly it is used to suppress noise for ADC measurement as well as UART communication. Datasheet 13 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description vADC(t) V_ref_rc_charge = 3.3V Vcref V_adc_th t tdischarge ttimeout Figure 9. C_ref Discharging Interval Determined by the Reference Resistor Value The charging voltage Vcref is calculated as: 𝑉𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 𝑅_𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝑅_𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑡+𝑅_𝑟𝑒𝑓_𝑠𝑐 ∙ 𝑉_𝑟𝑒𝑓_𝑟𝑐_𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒. (1) The equation for V_adc_th is: 𝑉_𝑎𝑑𝑐_𝑡ℎ = 𝑉𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑓 ∙ 𝑒 − 𝑡𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑅_𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑡∙𝐶_𝑟𝑒𝑓 . (2) Therefore: 𝑉𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑓 𝑡𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 = 𝑅_𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑡 ∙ 𝐶_𝑟𝑒𝑓 ∙ 𝑙𝑛 𝑉_𝑎𝑑𝑐_𝑡ℎ. (3) If a lower voltage threshold is not reached after the predefined time-out period ttimeout (constant RC_measurement_timeout, see Table 3-19), the reference current determination process ends and the last value from the current table is taken as the reference (Ref_current_16, see Table 3-12). Component values and their tolerances must provide unique thresholds in order to be detected appropriately (see Figure 10). More accurate equations will be obtained if typical component tolerance values are included. The following are assumed: Maximum reference resistance: R_iset_max(n) = R_iset(n) + R_iset_tolerance Minimum reference resistance: R_iset_min(n) = R_iset(n) - R_iset_tolerance Maximum reference capacitance: C_ref_max = C_ref + C_ref_tolerance Minimum reference capacitance: C_ref_min = C_ref - C_ref_tolerance 1 2 1 The reference resistance R_ref_sc is used to decouple the UART interface and current set resistance R_iset due to multiplexed functionality of the REF/SC pin. In this case, the tolerance of the R_ref_sc resistance is not taken into account (its tolerance is ignored). 2 Examples of C_ref_tolerance are the tolerance of the used capacitor as well as the cable capacitance that connects R_iset to the detection circuit. Datasheet 14 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description Therefore, minimum and maximum discharging times are given by: 𝑇_𝑅𝐶_(𝑛)_𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑅_𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑡_𝑚𝑖𝑛(𝑛) ∙ 𝐶_𝑟𝑒𝑓_𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∙ 𝑙𝑛 𝑉𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑓_𝑚𝑖𝑛(𝑛) 𝑉_𝑎𝑑𝑐_𝑡ℎ (4) and 𝑇_𝑅𝐶_(𝑛)_𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑅_𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑡_𝑚𝑎𝑥(𝑛) ∙ 𝐶_𝑟𝑒𝑓_𝑚𝑎𝑥 ∙ 𝑙𝑛 𝑉𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑓_𝑚𝑎𝑥(𝑛) . 𝑉_𝑎𝑑𝑐_𝑡ℎ (5) Where n is the ordinal number of the resistor, while Vcref_min and Vcref_max are the minimum and maximum voltage values of charged capacitance respectively: 𝑅_𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑡_𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑉𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑓_𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑅_𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑡_𝑚𝑖𝑛+𝑅_𝑟𝑒𝑓_𝑠𝑐 ∙ 𝑉_𝑟𝑒𝑓_𝑟𝑐_𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 (6) and 𝑅_𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑡_𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑉𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑓_𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑅_𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑡_𝑚𝑎𝑥+𝑅_𝑟𝑒𝑓_𝑠𝑐 ∙ 𝑉_𝑟𝑒𝑓_𝑟𝑐_𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒. T_RC_01_min T_RC_01_max T_RC_02_min vREF_TIME_01 T_RC_02_max T_RC_03_min T_RC_03_max vREF_TIME_02 vREF_TIME_03 (7) T_RC_n_min vREF_TIME_(n-1) T_RC_n_max t vREF_TIME_(n) Figure 10. Time Constant vREF_TIME_n Threshold Calculations As shown above, the discharging time threshold is obtained as follows: 𝑣𝑅𝐸𝐹_𝑇𝐼𝑀𝐸_𝑛 = 𝑇_𝑅𝐶_𝑛_𝑚𝑎𝑥 + 𝑇_𝑅𝐶_(𝑛+1)_𝑚𝑖𝑛−𝑇_𝑅𝐶_𝑛_𝑚𝑎𝑥 2 . (8) The last discharge time threshold is given by: 𝑣𝑅𝐸𝐹_𝑇𝐼𝑀𝐸_𝑛 = 𝑇_𝑅𝐶_𝑛_𝑚𝑎𝑥 + 𝑇_𝑅𝐶_𝑛_𝑚𝑎𝑥−𝑇_𝑅𝐶_𝑛_𝑚𝑖𝑛 . 2 (9) The measured discharge time - tdischarge is compared with the calculated thresholds, beginning with the smallest, and based on that, it will be determined which reference resistor is detected, hence reference output current. For example, if the measured discharge time is greater than vREF_TIME_01, vREF_TIME_02, vREF_TIME_03 th and smaller than vREF_TIME_04, the 4 reference resistor and reference current from the list will be chosen (see Table 3-3). The ratio between the maximum and minimum current has to be equal to or less than 4 (I_ref_max / I_ref_min ≤ 4) for best current accuracy. For example, if the minimum reference current is 250 mA, the maximum reference current from the range should not exceed 1000 mA. Datasheet 15 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description The components (R_iset, C_ref) must be carefully selected to avoid overlapping time intervals, because in that case an appropriate threshold could not be calculated to provide unique detection. For example, if the resistance values are too close (including tolerances), discharge time intervals will overlap, and calculated thresholds will be set inside the overlapped area. Therefore it cannot be guaranteed that the same current will be selected across different IC production series and external component tolerances. Reference current determination only takes place during the initial chip startup and after the load has been disconnected - open output is detected. During normal buck operation, the REF/SC pin can be used as a communication port. Example For typical applications, which cover – for example – the outputs ranging from 250 mA to 800 mA (in 50 mA steps), reference resistor values for the specific current values (assuming C_ref = 10 nF and threshold voltage value of V_adc_th = 0.6075 V) are given in Table 3-3. Resistors from the series E96 with a variation (tolerance) of 1% are used. The reference pin serial resistor is R_ref_sc = 3.3 kΩ. The recommended capacitor C_ref 1 tolerance should be ≤ 5% . The recommended C_ref capacitor type is a zero-drift CoG (NPO). Table 3-3. Reference Resistor Values Example Ordinal number I_ref_n [mA] R_iset_n [kΩ] vREF_TIME_n [µs] 1 800 2.15 70 2 750 10.00 180 3 700 15.00 280 4 650 21.50 430 5 600 33.20 610 6 550 43.20 780 7 500 53.60 950 8 450 63.40 1110 9 400 71.50 1270 10 350 82.50 1430 11 300 90.90 1580 12 250 100.00 1860 Although, typically, the application uses less than 16 reference currents, all parameters (Ref_current_01- Ref_current_16, see Table 3-12) must be filled (arranged) in 4 groups, using copies with the same reference current. It is assumed that approximately the same currents have approximately the same parameters. Thereafter, all appropriate reference time thresholds (Reference_time_01 – Reference_time_16) will be automatically allocated to the groups (see Table 3-19). Each group consists of four consecutive currents and each group is associated with the unique set of FRC parameters. The currents from the same group will have the same minimum and maximum switching frequency limits and minimum and maximum current ripple limits as well (see Table 3-20). One possible arrangement is given below in Table 3-4. 1 For different component tolerances, different discharge times will be obtained by equations. The resistor values in Table 3-3 are given as examples. The number of different reference resistor values must match the number of different reference currents. For different applications (different output currents and output power), different values of the external resistors can be taken. Datasheet 16 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description Table 3-4. Reference Current Arrangement Group number 1. 2. 3. 4. 3.3.4 Reference Currents 800 mA, 750 mA, 700 mA 650 mA, 600 mA, 550 mA 500 mA, 450 mA, 400 mA 350 mA, 300 mA, 250 mA Output Current Control and Measuring The output current is measured at the CS pin by means of an external shunt resistor. The controller, using floating buck topology, operates in a Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) and is realized as a hysteretic current controller. The average output current is regulated using minimum and maximum currents (IMAX and IMIN, see Figure 11). Maximum and minimum current values are defined with respect to allowed output current ripple. The maximum current is set as a true analog comparator threshold value using an internal DAC. The minimum current value is regulated by the internal PI regulator controlling TOFF time. When the MOSFET is turned on, TON is approximately given as follows (all resistances and voltage drops of used components are neglected): 𝑇𝑂𝑁 = (𝐼𝑀𝐴𝑋 − 𝐼𝑀𝐼𝑁 ) ∙ 𝑉 𝐿𝐸𝑋𝑇 𝐼𝑁 −𝑉𝑂𝑈𝑇 = 𝐼𝑅𝐼𝑃𝑃𝐿𝐸 ∙ 𝑉 𝐿𝐸𝑋𝑇 𝐼𝑁 −𝑉𝑂𝑈𝑇 . (10) When the MOSFET is turned off, TOFF is approximately given as follows (all resistances and voltage drops of used components are neglected): 𝐿 𝐿 𝑇𝑂𝐹𝐹 = (𝐼𝑀𝐴𝑋 − 𝐼𝑀𝐼𝑁 ) ∙ 𝑉𝐸𝑋𝑇 = 𝐼𝑅𝐼𝑃𝑃𝐿𝐸 ∙ 𝑉𝐸𝑋𝑇 . 𝑂𝑈𝑇 (11) 𝑂𝑈𝑇 where VIN and VOUT are the input and output voltages respectively and LEXT is the buck inductance. Therefore, the switching frequency of the buck cycle can be rendered as: 𝑓𝑆𝑊 = 𝑇 1 𝑂𝑁 +𝑇𝑂𝐹𝐹 Datasheet = 1 𝐼𝑅𝐼𝑃𝑃𝐿𝐸 ∙𝐿𝐸𝑋𝑇 ∙( 17 . 1 1 + ) 𝑉𝐼𝑁 −𝑉𝑂𝑈𝑇 𝑉𝑂𝑈𝑇 (12) Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description TSW TON TOFF ... Inductor current IMAX IMEAN IRIPPLE IMIN TON MOSFET switching TOFF IMAX Shunt current (current sense) IMIN t t=0 Figure 11. Sampled Current When the current reaches its maximum value (IMAX), the MOSFET is turned off for a duration of TOFF, which is defined by the output of the PI regulator. After this interval elapses, the MOSFET is turned on again, the minimum current (IMIN) is sampled and the mean current for the entire PWM interval is calculated as: 𝐼𝑀𝐸𝐴𝑁 = 𝐼𝑀𝐴𝑋 +𝐼𝑀𝐼𝑁 . 2 (13) The minimum current samples are averaged and averaging happens every 16 switching cycles. This average value is then compared to a reference providing an error signal for the PI regulator, as shown in Figure 12. Based on that error, the PI regulator calculates the new TOFF time resulting in output current regulation, hence closing the regulation loop. TOFF Driving Logic PI Controller Error signal IMIN IMAX IMI N IMIN Current Measurement R_current_sense ton toff Minimal Current + IMINREF IMIN reference Figure 12. Hysteretic Current Regulator Datasheet 18 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description PI regulator parameters can be adjusted for faster transient response (dynamic behavior) during startup and more stable output current during normal steady-state operation. These constants (PI_shift_softstart_lc, PI_gain_shift_softstart_hc, PI_gain_shift_lc and PI_gain_shift_hc, see Table 3-17) are divided into two groups depending on the current range (constant Ref_current_HCTH, see Table 3-14) and operating conditions (startup or normal). Constants for low currents (low range - LC) typically have larger values than high current parameter values (high range - HC) because, for lower currents, the error signal has to be multiplied by a larger number (Gain) to obtain appropriate behavior regarding response and stability of the output current. 3.3.5 Current Startup, Soft-Start and Shutdown Control Current soft-start and shutdown control is implemented in order to keep the input voltage VIN and supply voltage VCC, which come from the primary stage (usually a flyback converter with a transformer auxiliary winding for VCC voltage), within the operating range and stable. During the soft-start time, the output (mean) current increases slowly with programmable parameters. The startup current is defined by the constant Softstart_start_curr (see Table 3-16). Current and time steps are defined by the constant Softstart_curr_step (see Table 3-16) and parameter Softstart_time_step respectively (see Table 3-11, green line in Figure 13). The time step can be set as a number of system ticks (the default value is 100 μs). If any of the step (ICSUS = Softstart_curr_step or tCSUS = Softstart_time_step) values is zero, the buck converter will start with a 100% current, and without soft-start. During soft shutdown time, the output current decreases slowly with programmable current and time steps (constant Softshutdown_curr_step - Table 3-16 and parameter Softshutdown_time_step - Table 3-11, see red line in Figure 13). Hence, the input voltage VIN and supply voltage VCC remain in the operating range and the device will work correctly. If the soft shutdown is not enough to provide an appropriate operating range (for VIN and VCC), some minimum current (ERROR CURRENT – IERROR) defined by the parameters Err_refcurrent_max and Err_refcurrent_min (see Table 3-9 and Figure 13) will be generated for a defined time period (error time). When this time interval has elapsed (Error time timeout – constant Err_current_time, see Table 3-14), the output current is zero. If the current soft shutdown is not needed, it is necessary to set either the parameter to zero (ICSDS = Softshutdown_curr_step or tCSDS = Softshutdown_time_step). IOUT (MEAN CURRENT) ICSUS – Const tCSUS – Softstart_time_step ICSDS – Const tCSDS – Softshutdown_time_step Ierr_cur_max = Err_refcurrent_max Ierr_cur_min = Err_refcurrent_min IREF_CURRENT ICSUS ICSDS IERROR = (Ierr_cur_max + Ierr_curr_min) / 2 IERROR tCSUS ERROR CURRENT t tCSDS Soft START time Normal operation Soft SHUT-DOWN time Error time Figure 13. Soft-Start and Soft Shutdown Definitions Datasheet 19 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description 3.4 Current Ripple vs. Switching Frequency Control Scheme The switching frequency and output current ripple must be handled in such a way as to ensure that the efficiency is as high as possible and that the ripple is in a proper range with sufficient margin to the specified maximum. Two options for implementing a suitable system are described below. 3.4.1 Fixed Current Ripple For a fixed current ripple, it is necessary to choose an appropriate value for the current ripple (parameter Curr_ripple_perc, see Table 3-12) so the switching frequency does not exceed the maximum allowed frequency around the output voltage VOUT = VIN/2. The maximum switching frequency should not exceed 250 kHz. Examples for three different current values are shown in Figure 14. fsw(Vout), Iripple=const 300 35 250 30 25 150 20 Iripple [%] fsw [kHz] 200 100 15 50 0 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Vout [V] fsw(800mA) fsw(550mA) fsw(350mA) Iripple Figure 14. Switching Frequency vs. Output Voltage for Constant Output Current Ripple Iripple = 30% Datasheet 20 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description 3.4.2 Frequency and Ripple Control The ILD2111 supports a powerful Frequency Ripple Controller (FRC) because the switching frequency of the Buck converter is not constant due to different loads (different number of LEDs leading to different output voltages). The main idea is to stabilize the operating point within configurable limits (operating area – green field, see Figure 15). During startup and normal operation, the frequency-ripple control update interval is defined by the constants FRC_reg_interval_start and FRC_reg_interval_oper (see Table 3-20). The number of FRC passes, before being considered steady, is defined by the constant FRC_pass_oper_th (see Table 3-20). Adjustable fsw A, B, C, D Corrected Operating Points Starting Point fsw_max C Starting Point D Operating Area B Starting Point A fsw_min Starting Point Iripple_min Iripple_max Iripple Figure 15. FRC Operating Area All reference current values will be arranged in four groups (see Table 3-12) where currents from the same group have the same switching frequency and current ripple limits, as explained in Section 3.3.3. For each group, there are predefined (available) parameters and constants (see Table 3-12 and Table 3-20): 1) Curr_ripple_perc – Initial (starting) current ripple (in percentage form). 2) Curr_ripple_min_(group) – Minimum allowed ripple value (minimum absolute output current ripple value, Iripple_min in mA, not in percentage form). 3) Curr_ripple_max_(group) – Maximum allowed ripple value (maximum absolute output current ripple value, Iripple_max in mA, not in percentage form). 4) FRC_freq_min_limit_(group) – Maximum allowed TPWM (defining the minimum switching frequency allowed, fsw_min). 5) FRC_freq_max_limit_(group) – Minimum allowed TPWM (defining the maximum switching frequency allowed, fsw_max). Datasheet 21 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description An example is provided below for better understanding. The following parameters apply in this example for IOUT = 350 mA: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Iripple_init = 30% (or 105 mA) – Initial starting current ripple. Iripple_min = 25% (or 87.5 mA) – Minimum allowed current ripple. Iripple_max = 50% (or 175 mA) – Maximum allowed current ripple. fsw_min = 100 kHz (or TPWM_max = 1/fsw_min = 10 µs) – Minimum allowed switching frequency. fsw_max = 150 kHz (or TPWM_min = 1/fsw_max = 6.67 µs) – Maximum allowed switching frequency. The Frequency Ripple Control algorithm works as following: The system begins to operate with the defined ripple, which is given as a percentage of the average current (e.g. Iripple_init = 30% IOUT). This value is used to calculate the maximum (adding the half-ripple value to the reference current value) and minimum (subtracting the half-ripple value to the reference current value) hysteretic currents. There are several possible cases depending on the output voltage: 1) If the achieved operating frequency is within allowed borders (defined by fsw_min and fsw_max), and the starting value of the ripple is within allowed absolute ripple borders (defined by Iripple_min and Iripple_max), no correction will be performed (e.g. Vout = 10 V – orange curve, operating point B is in the operating area, B=B’, see Figure 16). 2) If the achieved operating frequency is above the maximum allowed switching frequency f sw_max (e.g. Vout = 15 V – grey curve, point C; Vout = 20 V – yellow curve, point D), the firmware will start to slowly increase the ripple in order to lower the operating frequency (the slope of this increasing ripple depends on the buck inductance LEXT, see equation (12) on page 17). It will continue increasing the ripple until the frequency falls below the high threshold fsw_max (corrected points C’ and D’, see Figure 16). 3) If the achieved operating frequency is above the maximum allowed switching frequency f sw_max (e.g. Vout = 25 V – dark blue curve, point E; Vout = 30 V – green curve, point F), the firmware will start to slowly increase the ripple in order to lower the operating frequency (the slope of this increasing ripple depends on the buck inductance LEXT, see equation (12) on page 17). It will continue increasing the ripple until it hits its maximum allowed value Iripple_max. The switching frequency will be determined by Iripple_max and could be outside the predefined borders (corrected points E’ and F’, see Figure 17). 4) If the achieved operating frequency is below the minimum allowed switching frequency fsw_min (e.g. Vout = 5 V – blue curve, point A), the firmware will start to slowly decrease the ripple in order to raise the operating frequency (the slope of this decreasing ripple depends on the buck inductance LEXT, see equation (12) on page 17). It will continue decreasing the ripple until the frequency reaches the low threshold value defined by the parameter fsw_min, or if the ripple hits the minimum allowed value defined by the parameter Iripple_min. In this case, the switching frequency could be outside the predefined borders (corrected point A’, see Figure 17). Datasheet 22 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description Iout=350mA, Vout[V] 800 700 600 fsw [kHz] 500 400 300 30% OPERATING AREA D 200 C 50% 25% 150kHz B’ B C’ D’ 100 100kHz 0 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 Iripple [%] Vout=5V Vout=10V Vout=15V Vout=20V Vout=25V Vout=30V Figure 16. FRC Algorithm Example – Operating Point successfully put into Operating Area Datasheet 23 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description Iout=350mA, Vout[V] 800 700 600 fsw [kHz] 500 400 300 30% OPERATING AREA F E 200 50% 25% F’ E’ 150kHz 100 100kHz A’ A 0 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 Iripple [%] Vout=5V Vout=10V Vout=15V Vout=20V Vout=25V Vout=30V Figure 17. FRC Algorithm Example – Operating Point is outside the Predefined Borders Datasheet 24 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description An example of a frequency ripple control scheme is shown below in Figure 18, Figure 19 and Figure 20. Resistances and voltage drops of used components (VD – forward voltage of the freewheeling diode, RL – inductor resistance, RON = RDS – channel resistance when the MOSFET is ON, RCS – shunt resistance connected to the CS pin, VOUT = N·VLED+N·RLED·IOUT – output voltage (LED lighting load), N – number of LEDs, VLED – LED forward voltage, RLED – LED forward resistance) are included in calculations. 120 35 100 30 25 80 20 60 15 40 Iripple [%] fsw [kHz] FRC scheme for Iout=800 mA 10 20 5 0 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Vout [V] fsw Iripple Figure 18. 800 mA FRC Scheme 140 45 120 40 100 35 80 30 60 25 40 20 20 15 0 Iripple [%] fsw [kHz] FRC scheme for Iout=550 mA 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Vout [V] fsw Iripple Figure 19. 550 mA FRC Scheme Datasheet 25 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description FRC scheme for Iout=350 mA 160 60 140 55 50 45 100 40 80 35 60 30 Iripple [%] fsw [kHz] 120 25 40 20 20 15 0 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Vout [V] fsw Iripple Figure 20. 350 mA FRC Scheme Frequency Ripple Controller behavior depends on the output voltage load as mentioned before. As can be seen in previous figures, the FRC regulates the switching frequency and current ripple for this dedicated example as follows: st 1 area – Vout <10 V: The system will be started with the minimum constant switching frequency and the ripple will increase accordingly. nd 2 area – 10 V < Vout < 15 V approximately: The system will be started with a selectable initial current ripple (30% of Iout). The switching frequency will be changed accordingly (not valid for 800 mA). rd 3 area – 15 < Vout < 25 V approximately: The system will be started with the maximum frequency value; it will be kept constant at a predefined value and the current ripple will increase accordingly (not valid for 800 mA). th 4 area – Vout ≈ VIN/2: The system is started with the maximum predefined current ripple, but the frequency cannot be kept within predefined borders, which means that the frequency will be determined by the TOFF and Iripple values and external hardware components. th 1 5 area – Vout > 45 V (near VIN) approximately: TOFF_min criteria have the highest priority , so the frequency and ripple will have the values determined by the external hardware components (not by FRC) and can be outside the defined limits. 1 If the high voltage load is applied at the output (large number of LEDs, the output voltage is near the input voltage), the operating frequency will be low and if it falls below f sw_min, the frequency-ripple controller will start to correct it by decreasing the ripple value, as described above. On the other hand, due to the high output voltage, TOFF is quite short (see equation (11) on page 17). It is very important that the turn-off time must be longer than the predefined TOFF_min time (constant Toff_min, see Table 3-19), because during that time all calculations must be performed before starting a new cycle. At that point, the frequency-ripple controller starts to increase the ripple again in order to meet TOFF_min criteria. The final outcome is that the current ripple and switching frequency could stay outside the predefined limits (above I ripple_max and below fsw_min respectively) – point G’ in Figure 21. If TOFF falls below the minimum allowed value (low ripple means short T OFF time for constant output voltage), the regulator cannot maintain the average current any longer, therefore influencing accuracy. If parameters are configured properly, any of above mentioned actions lead to stable operating conditions for the given current/load situation. However, there is drift in the operating frequency produced by the input voltage ripple that has to be taken into account when deciding on parameter values. The frequency ripple controller will always try to put the operating point into the operating area, but its final position will depend on the other criteria that affect its position. Datasheet 26 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description FRC scheme for Iout=350mA 160 60 55 140 G’ 50 120 fsw [kHz] 100 40 80 35 30 60 25 G’ 40 Iripple [%] 45 20 20 15 0 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Vout [V] fsw Iripple Figure 21. Operating Point determined by Toff_min criteria Datasheet 27 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description 3.5 Input Voltage Measurement and Calibration There are some indirect measurements, like the output voltage VOUT and output power POUT, that take input voltage measurement as an input. Therefore the accuracy of those measurements depends on the input voltage VIN accuracy, and typically is lower due to the accuracies of other variables. Therefore it is important that the input voltage is accurately measured. The input voltage is sensed at the VIN pin. A filter capacitor CVIN (typically 100 nF) is used for voltage (at the pin VIN) filtering of conductive and electromagnetic interference caused by the converter switching operation. The measurement circuit is shown in Figure 22 below. R_vin VIN ILD2111 VIN S H U N T IMEAS CVIN ADC GND Figure 22. Input Voltage Measurement Schematic Two measurement ranges related to the VIN pin are implemented. They are called current ranges because calibration is based on the current flowing into the VIN pin. The two ranges use a different value of the internal shunt resistor, where ADC measures the voltage drop. The reason for calibration is to make results independent of RSHUNT production tolerance by including the measured value of RSHUNT as part of internal chip calibration data during chip production. Nominal shunt values for an appropriate current range are as follows: 1) Current range 00b => IMEAS = 209 µA, RSHUNT = 6690 Ω. 2) Current range 01b => IMEAS = 1.6 mA, RSHUNT = 1490 Ω. The current range is defined by the parameter Vin_current_range (see Table 3-8). Depending on the input voltage range to be measured, for lower power dissipation, the value of the external resistor R_vin and the maximum current measurement range must be chosen carefully. Especially for high VIN voltage (bus voltage), power dissipation needs to be considered as part of system losses. For more details, see the examples below. Datasheet 28 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description Examples: 1) If the maximum bus voltage is high, e.g. VINMAX = 500 V, the current measurement range (209 µA) should be chosen to minimize power dissipation over R_vin. The value of the external resistor R_vin is obtained from the equation below (209 µA would ideally be full scale at the ADC; to achieve accurate measurement over the production spread of ILD2111, use a margin factor of 75%). Therefore, 𝑅_𝑣𝑖𝑛 = 𝑉𝐼𝑁𝑀𝐴𝑋 0.75∙𝐼209µ𝐴 − 𝑅𝑆𝐻𝑈𝑁𝑇 = 3.18 MΩ. (14) 2) If the maximum bus voltage is lower, e.g. VINMAX = 80 V, the current measurement range (1.6 mA) should be chosen. Therefore, 𝑅_𝑣𝑖𝑛 = Datasheet 𝑉𝐼𝑁𝑀𝐴𝑋 0.75∙𝐼1.6𝑚𝐴 29 − 𝑅𝑆𝐻𝑈𝑁𝑇 = 65.2 kΩ. (15) Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description 3.6 Protection Features Table 3-5 gives an overview of the supported protection features. Two protection modes are implemented (auto restart mode and latch mode), which can be entered. Protection features can be configured by the parameters that are shown in Table 3-9 and Table 3-10. An error counter counts errors up to 4 restarts, defined by the constant value Err_restart_tries (see Table 3-14). The error counter is reset when the device operates without additional errors for the time defined by the constant Err_cnt_clear_time (see Table 3-14), or at the startup sequence, e.g. if VCC falls below the voltage threshold (see Table 4-4). Table 3-5. Protection Features Undervoltage Protection for DC Input Line – VIN Undervoltage Overvoltage Protection for DC Input Line – VIN Overvoltage Output Undervoltage Protection – VOUT Undervoltage Open Output Protection Output Overvoltage Protection – VOUT Overvoltage Output Overpower Protection – POUT Overpower Overtemperature Protection Overcurrent Protection – Level 2 (OCP2) Functional Protections Datasheet 30 Section 3.6.1 Section 3.6.2 Section 3.6.3 Section 3.6.4 Section 3.6.5 Section 3.6.6 Section 3.6.7 Section 3.6.8 Section 3.6.9 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description Protection functions are shown in a matrix in Table 3-6 below. Startup Normal Shutdown Error Current Buck OFF Consequence Minimum Duration of effect Operating Mode Detection Active Name of Fault Table 3-6. Protection Functions Matrix Description of Fault Characteristics of Fault VIN Undervoltage INPUV 1.6 ms X X - - - VIN Overvoltage INPOV 1.6 ms X X - - - VOUT Undervoltage OUTUV 0.8 ms @40 kHz - X - - - Open Output OPEN 1) X X - - - VOUT Overvoltage OUTOV 0.4 ms @40 kHz - X - - - POUT Overpower PWR 6.4 ms @40 kHz - X - - - Overtemperature (Internal or External) OTI or OTE 0.4 ms @40 kHz X X - - - OCP2 OCP Instantly X X - - - Startup - Waits until condition is removed Normal – Auto-restart Startup - Waits until condition is removed Normal – Auto-restart Auto-restart mode with 4 tries (restarts). After 4 failed attempts, the device enters latch mode Auto-restart mode with 4 tries (restarts). In each restart try, I-set procedure will be executed. After 4 failed attempts, the device enters latch mode Auto-restart mode with 4 tries (restarts). After 4 failed attempts, the device enters latch mode Auto-restart mode with 4 tries (restarts). After 4 failed attempts, the device enters latch mode Startup - Waits until condition is removed Normal – Auto-restart The device is in predefined time loop until the device is switched off or when the cause of the OCP2 event is removed – see Section 3.6.8 X = Checked during Operating Mode - = Not checked during Operation Mode In each restart attempt, the IC remains in a time loop whose duration is determined by the constant Err_restart_time, see Table 3-14 1) Defined by constant Open_out_timeout, see Section 3.6.4 . All protections are described in the following sections. Datasheet 31 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description 3.6.1 Undervoltage Protection for DC Input Line – VIN Undervoltage Undervoltage protection for the DC input line prevents the device from operating with an excessively low VIN voltage. If the input voltage is below the specified value, the output current is turned off. The device waits until the input undervoltage (low voltage value) condition is removed (Vin_min_start is met) and then starts with output current generation again. There are two hysteretic input voltage values that are used as thresholds 1 during the startup sequence (upper threshold value – parameter Vin_min_start, see Table 3-9) and during 1 operation (lower threshold value – parameter Vin_min_oper, see Table 3-9) . If the input voltage is VIN < Vin_min_oper during operation, the buck converter will be shut down and will wait for the VIN startup condition (when Vin_min_start is reached). This event does not affect the error counter. 3.6.2 Overvoltage Protection for DC Input Line – VIN Overvoltage Overvoltage protection for the DC input line prevents the device from operating with an excessively high VIN voltage. After the overvoltage condition on input is detected, the output current is turned off. The device waits for the input overvoltage condition to be removed (Vin_max_start is met) and then starts output current generation again. There are two hysteretic input voltage values that are used as thresholds during the startup sequence 1 (lower threshold value – parameter Vin_max_start, see Table 3-9) and during operation (upper threshold value 1 – parameter Vin_max_oper, see Table 3-9) . If the input voltage is VIN > Vin_max_oper during operation, the buck converter will be shut down and will wait for the VIN startup condition (when Vin_max_start is reached). This event does not affect the error counter. 3.6.3 Output Undervoltage Protection – VOUT Undervoltage Output undervoltage protection prevents the device from operating with an excessively low output voltage VLEDmin or when LED output is lowered. If the output voltage is lower than the minimum value VOUT < Vout_min, an undervoltage output is detected, and the device enters error auto-restart mode with 4 tries (restarts) – constant Err_restart_tries (see Table 3-14). After 4 failed attempts, the device enters latch mode. The minimum output operating voltage value is programmable (parameter Vout_min, Table 3-9). Undervoltage output is checked during steady-state condition, after completing soft-start. The restart timeout startup delay is predefined by the constant Err_restart_time (see Table 3-14). 3.6.4 Open Output Protection Open output protection prevents the device from operating when no load on output is detected. It is detected when the time to achieve IMAX (see Figure 11) exceeds the value of the parameter Open_out_timeout 2 (see Table 3-14) . If the open output condition is detected, the device enters error auto-restart mode with 4 tries (restarts) – constant Err_restart_tries (see Table 3-14). In each attempt, the device executes the reference resistor reading procedure (I-set procedure, see Section 3.3.3). The duration of the I-set procedure is defined by the parameter RC_measurement_timeout (duration = 2 · RC_measurement_timeout, see Table 3-19). The restart timeout startup delay is predefined by the constant Err_restart_time (see Table 3-14). After 4 failed attempts, the device enters latch mode. The total duration of the restart attempt can be obtained as the sum of the two above-mentioned times (I-set procedure + restart timeout). If the LED lighting load is connected (or replaced) at the output between two restart attempts, the I-set procedure will detect the new R_iset resistance and the buck converter will try to start with the newly determined reference current. 1 To minimize the impact of fluctuations on the exact VIN voltage value, filtering is implemented using a first-order filter whose coefficient is defined by the constant Vin_filt_coef (see Table 3-14) 2 During buck ‘on time’ TON (see Figure 11), the gate driver stays constantly ‘high’ until IMAX is reached, or Open_out_timeout expires. This can lead to a long ‘high’ time. In case there is a ‘high side driver’ circuit between the ILD2111 gate drive and MOSFET gate, proper functionality for all operating conditions needs to be considered. A stable OCP1 value (IMAX) is obtained by filtering defined by the constant Alt_OCP1_filt_stable (see Table 3-14) Datasheet 32 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description 3.6.5 Output Overvoltage Protection – VOUT Overvoltage Output overvoltage protection prevents the device from operating when the high voltage at the output VOUT is 1 detected . If the output voltage is higher than the maximum value VOUT > Vout_max, the device enters error auto-restart mode with 4 tries (restarts) – constant Err_restart_tries (see Table 3-14). After 4 failed attempts, the device enters latch mode. The maximum output operating voltage value is programmable (parameter Vout_max, Table 3-9). Output voltage is checked during the steady-state condition, after completing soft-start. The restart timeout startup delay is predefined by the constant Err_restart_time (see Table 3-14). 3.6.6 Output Overpower Protection – POUT Overpower 2 Output overpower protection prevents damage to output components due to high output power . The maximum allowed output power value (parameter Pout_max, see Table 3-9) is set by the constants Pout_corr_LC and Pout_corr_HC (Pout_max_lc = Pout_corr_LC · Pout_max and Pout_max_hc = Pout_corr_HC · Pout_max) for low current and high current range respectively (see Table 3-14). The parameter Ref_current_HCTH decides between the low current and high current range (see Table 3-14). If the output power exceeds the maximum allowed operational value, the device enters error auto-restart mode with 4 tries (restarts) – constant Err_restart_tries (see Table 3-14). After 4 failed attempts, the device enters latch mode. Output overpower is checked during the steady-state condition after completing soft-start. The restart timeout startup delay is predefined by the constant Err_restart_time (see Table 3-14). 1 Output voltage is internally calculated, based on VIN and T ON / TPWM duty factor. Output voltage can be calculated approximately as VOUT = D * VIN = (TON / TPWM) * VIN (all resistances and voltage drops of used components are neglected). To minimize the impact of fluctuations on the exact TPWM period value, filtering is implemented using a first-order filter whose coefficient is defined by the parameter Tpwm_filt_coef (see Table 3-14). 2 Output power is internally calculated, based on V IN, IOUT and TON / TPWM ratio. The actual TON / TPWM ratio (for true output power) also depends on parasitic effects (e.g. MOSFET diode reverses recovery time, additional circuit like high side driver). These parasitic effects are unknown to the chip calculation and need to be considered for choosing appropriate Pout_max values. To minimize the impact of fluctuations on the calculated POUT value, filtering is implemented using a first-order filter whose coefficient is defined by the parameter Pout_filt_coef (see Table 3-14) before comparing the output power against Pout_max_lc or Pout_max_hc thresholds. Datasheet 33 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description 3.6.7 Overtemperature Protection The ILD2111 supports overtemperature protection by means of internal and external temperature sensors. If both internal temperature protection and external temperature protection requests for the current level change, the lower current level will prevail. If the external sensor is not used (disabled by configuration), only the internal temperature protection is processed. 3.6.7.1 Internal Temperature Sensor – Internal PWM Dimming 1 Internal temperature-based protection uses internal temperature sensor measurement for reduction of the output current in the case that device temperature increases. For this purpose, two temperature thresholds - T1 and T2 - are defined (parameters ITP_temperature_hot – T1 and ITP_temperature_critical – T2 increasing in value – see Table 3-10) as well as one up-slope (constant ITP_PWM_inc_step - Table 3-15 and parameter ITP_PWM_inc_time_step - Table 3-10) and one down-slope (constant ITP_PWM_dec_step - Table 3-15 and parameter ITP_PWM_dec_time_step - Table 3-10). Temperature thresholds can be set in steps of 1°C and slopes as percentages of the average current per minute. The output current level is reduced by PWM modulation with a programmable frequency rate – see Figure 28. There are three temperature-related operating conditions: - Normal T<=T1 - Hot T1<T<=T2 - Critical T>T2 Temperature measurement may lead to a change of operating state: In the critical state, the output current is off. An output current restart could be in hot or normal state (default). If the device starts in hot mode, then the current is adjusted with the dedicated constant value (ITP_startup_PWM_hot = 50%, see Table 3-15). If it is in normal mode, it will start with 100% of the rated current. In the hot state, the current will be reduced (decreased) according to a constant-defined limit (TP_PWM_duty_min = 50%, see Table 3-18) and down-slope. If the device starts in hot mode, it will start with 100% of the rated current, but then the current is adjusted with the dedicated parameter (ITP_startup_PWM_hot = 50%). In normal mode, the full current level (100%) is started and kept stable (no change in current level). The complete device behavior regarding operating temperature conditions is shown in Figure 23, Figure 24 and Figure 28. Datasheet 34 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description Internal Temperature CRITICAL ITP_temperature_critical HOT ITP_temperature_hot NORMAL t PWM Duty [%] 100 50 t (a) Temperature exceeds ITP_temperature_critical threshold CRITICAL ITP_temperature_critical HOT ITP_temperature_hot NORMAL t PWM Duty [%] 100 50 t (b) Temperature exceeds ITP_temperature_hot threshold for longer time Internal Temperature CRITICAL ITP_temperature_critical HOT ITP_temperature_hot NORMAL t PWM Duty [%] 100 50 OFF 0 t (c) Temperature exceeds ITP_temperature_hot threshold and stabilizes bellow ITP_temperature_hot Figure 23. Internal Temperature Protection Behavior Datasheet 35 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description Internal Temperature CRITICAL ITP_temperature_critical HOT ITP_temperature_hot NORMAL t PWM Duty [%] 100 DITPDS DITPIS 50 tITPDS DITPDS – Internal Temperature protection PWM Duty factor decrement step tITPDS – Internal Temperature protection time decrement step DITPDS – tITPDS – DITPIS – tITPIS – tITPIS DITPIS – Internal Temperature protection t PWM Duty factor increment step tITPIS – Internal Temperature protection time increment step Const ITP_PWM_dec_time_step Const ITP_PWM_inc_time_step Figure 24. Internal Temperature Protection Datasheet 36 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description 3.6.7.2 External Temperature Sensor – Internal PWM Dimming 2 External temperature-based protection uses a PTC resistor connected to the TS pin and GND (2-wire connection – Figure 25). External temperature is meant to reduce the output current in the case that the temperature of the light element increases (see LED lighting in Figure 25). For this purpose, two temperature thresholds, Te1 and Te2, are defined (parameters ETP_temperature_hot – Te1 and ETP_temperature_critical – Te2 increasing in value – see Table 3-10) as well as one up-slope (constant ETP_PWM_inc_step - Table 3-15 and parameter ETP_PWM_inc_time_step - Table 3-10) and one down-slope (constant ETP_PWM_dec_step Table 3-15 and parameter ETP_PWM_dec_time_step - Table 3-10). Temperature thresholds can be set in steps of 1°C and slopes as percentages of the average current per minute. The output current level is reduced by PWM modulation with a programmable frequency rate – see Figure 28. To minimize the impact of fluctuations on the exact external temperature value, filtering is implemented using a first-order filter whose coefficient is defined by the constant ETP_filt_coef (see Table 3-15) before comparing against thresholds. VCC R_TS_pull_up ILD2111 LED lighting TS GND C PTC ZD2V7 RPTC Figure 25. External Temperature Measurement The external temperature sensor is supplied by VCC, whose actual value is read by the on-chip ADC and used to calculate the external temperature value (the reference value for VCC voltage compensation is defined by the 1 parameter VCC_reference, see Table 3-10) . The TS pin is clamped via a 2.7 V Zener diode for protection reasons. The threshold levels vary according to the PTC resistance/temperature curve. There are three temperature-related operating conditions: - Normal T<=Te1 - Hot Te1<T<=Te2 - Critical T>Te2 2 Temperature measurement may lead to changes in the operating state : In the critical state, the output current is off. An output current restart could be in hot or normal state (default). If the device starts in hot mode, then the current is adjusted with the dedicated parameter (ETP_startup_PWM_hot = 50%, see Table 3-15). If it is in normal mode, it will start with 100% of the rated current. 1 To minimize the impact of fluctuations on the exact VCC voltage value, filtering is implemented using a first-order filter whose coefficient is defined by the parameter Vin_filt_coef (see Table 3-14) 2 External temperature protection behavior curves have the same shape as internal temperature protection curves – see Figure 23 (a, b and c). Datasheet 37 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description In the hot state, the current will be reduced (decreased) according to a parameter-defined limit (TP_PWM_duty_min, see Table 3-18) and down-slope. If the device starts in hot mode, then the current is adjusted with the dedicated parameter (ETP_startup_PWM_hot = 50%). If it is in normal mode, it will start with 100% of the rated current. In normal mode, the full current level (100%) will be kept (no change in current level). For startup in normal mode, 100% of the rated current will be generated at the output. There is an additional ADC voltage threshold (constant ETP_temperature_disconnected, see Table 3-13) to improve existing functionality. It is not the temperature threshold. An ETP_temperature_disconnected internal threshold value signals that the ADC (voltage) value is too high – i.e., that the sensor is disconnected. If the sensor is disconnected during operation, PWM duty will be gradually reduced to a value defined by the constant TP_PWM_duty_min = 50% (see Table 3-18) as it is at a temperature defined by ETP_temperature_hot (see Figure 26). If the higher ADC voltage (greater than the ETP_temperature_disconnected value) is detected during startup, the sensor will be ignored during operation. External temperature protection behavior is shown in Figure 26. External Temperature CRITICAL ETP_temperature_critical HOT ETP_temperature_hot NORMAL t PWM Duty [%] 100 DETPDS DETPIS 50 tETPDS DETPDS – External Temperature protection PWM Duty factor decrement step tETPDS – External Temperature protection time decrement step DETPDS – tETPDS – DETPIS – tETPIS – tETPIS DETPIS – External Temperature protection PWM Duty factor increment step tETPIS – External Temperature protection time increment step t Const ETP_PWM_dec_time_step Const ETP_PWM_inc_time_step Figure 26. External Temperature Protection Behavior Datasheet 38 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description 3.6.8 Overcurrent Protection – Level 2 (OCP2) To avoid damage to the shunt resistor or MOSFET due to the rapid increase (inrush) of the current through the shunt resistor (detected as the voltage at the CS pin), the overcurrent protection OCP2 is implemented as a 1 hardware threshold. If the OCP2 threshold is reached (regardless of the cause of its appearance), the gate driver (power MOSFET) will be turned off automatically and can only be turned on again by firmware intervention. In the case of an OCP2 event, the firmware checks an internal counter of OCP2 events and applies a delay according to the table Table 3-7. After the delay the engine is reinitialized and the device starts operation. The OCP2 counter will be reset after a predefined time (constant Err_cnt_clear_time, see Table 3-14) in case there are no new OCP2 error events in the meantime. Otherwise, if the OCP2 event occurs again before the counter is reset, the number of errors is increased in increments up to the limit. Table 3-7. OCP2 Error Restart Delay Number of Previous value of the the OCP2 events OCP2 counter 1 0 2 1 3 2 ≥4 3 Next value of the OCP2 counter 1 2 3 3 Restart delay 100 µs 500 µs 2500 µs OCP2_restart_delay [ms] The time loop defined by the constant OCP2_restart_delay (see Table 3-14) is repeated until the device is switched off or when the cause of the OCP2 event is removed. If the OCP2 condition is removed and the device is in internal or external PWM dimming, the device continues to operate in one of two modes (internal or external dimming), depending on which of the conditions for these modes is fulfilled. 3.6.9 Functional Protections Beside previous protections related to an application, ILD2111 incorporated the functional protections in order to achieve high reliability of the operation. 3.6.9.1 Code Memory Protections During the startup of the device, after a reset or power-up, firmware is copied from the OTP memory to the RAM. The firmware is then executed from the RAM. The firmware is signed with a CRC value (Cyclic Redundancy Check). During the process of copying, the CRC value is calculated and then compared to the signed CRC value. In the case of a mismatch the firmware will not start in order to prevent misbehavior. During run time the RAM is protected by a parity check over one memory cell. RAM parity protection is a hardware feature which detects parity errors when RAM is accessed (read/write). In the event of a parity error, a hardware reset is issued and the device will restart accordingly. 3.6.9.2 Firmware Hang Protection During run-time, the execution of the firmware can become erratic due to a hardware fault. In order to prevent such firmware “hangs” a watch dog timer (WDT) is utilized. The WDT is a hardware feature and if it is not serviced before a specific timeout, the device will reset and restart accordingly. 3.6.9.3 Parameter Memory Protection The parameter memory is a dedicated part of the RAM. The device blank checks part of this area and also checks for the parameter “CRC error”. More details can be found in Section 3.9.2. 1 The digital representative of the OCP2 comparator output is digitally filtered. The number of successive samples that have reached OCP2 level, after which OCP2 event will be acknowledged, is defined by the parameter OCP2_filt_stable (see Table 3-14). Datasheet 39 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description 3.7 External PWM Dimming For external dimming, EPWM duty (DTEPWM - duty factor range 1% to 99%) and EPWM period (TEPWM) can be measured at the PWM input pin – see Figure 27. External PWM Signal PWM ILD2111 PWM-Dimming GND PWM-Dimming fEPWM = 100Hz - 1kHz fEPWM = 100Hz - 1kHz DTEPWM t DTEPWM TEPWM TEPWM Figure 27. External PWM Dimming The external PWM duty factor and external PWM frequency are obtained by measuring the on-time TON_EPWM (DTEPWM) and PWM period TEPWM. The timeout time for external PWM detection is defined by the constant EPWM_detection_timeout (see Table 3-18). There are two additional parameters that are used for external PWM processing: 1. LFPWM_threshold_divider, which represents the number of divisions by two of the measured TEPWM to obtain the hysteretic controller threshold and 2. LFPWM_flicker_free_threshold which represents the number of switching cycles that are considered flicker-free (the threshold divider is then not implemented for the hysteresis controller) – see Table 3-18. The complete output current PWM modulation is described in the following section 3.8. Datasheet 40 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description 3.8 Output Current PWM Modulation Modulation of the output current can be requested by either of the following: 1. External PWM dimming signal (Section 3.7) and 2. Internal PWM dimming signal (internal temperature protection – see Section 3.6.7.1 and external temperature protection – see Section 3.6.7.2). The output current dimming PWM frequency, fPWM, will be defined by the external PWM dimming signal EPWM (the range of fEPWM is 100 Hz – 1 kHz; fEPWM = 1 / TPWM) or by the internal PWM signal (IPWM – constant value TP_PWM_period = 3.2 ms, fIPWM is 300 Hz, fIPWM = 1 / TPWM, see Table 3-18), if EPWM is not detected (the external EPWM frequency has a higher priority than the internal IPWM frequency). The final duty factor (PWM_Duty, see Figure 28) of the PWM signal will be determined by a minimum value of one of two calculated values (external epwm_duty or internal ipwm_duty). iOUT iOUT iOUT IREF IREF IREF IMEAN = IREF IMEAN = 75%IREF IMEAN = 50%IREF PWM_ Duty 100% PWM_ Duty 75% PWM_ Duty 50% TPWM TPWM t TPWM Figure 28. Output Current PWM Modulation A hysteretic controller is implemented in order to have a flicker-free output even at low dimming levels. This controller monitors the PWM duty and the high switching frequency period (buck cycle, T= TON + TOFF) and uses this information to control a number of switching cycles (N) within the PWM ON time. This number is updated LFPWM_threshold_divider only upon changes that are sufficiently high. The threshold is set to Told/2 . Therefore either the PWM ON time changes to that extent or T changes such that |Tnew·N + TON_FIRST – TPWM_ON| > LFPWM_threshold_divider Told/2 . From the previous description it can be seen that the compensation for the first rising slope time (TON_FIRST) is included in the calculation. The hysteretic cycle control requires reaching of the OCP1 level (IMAX) a minimum of three times, i.e. a minimum of two switching cycles 2·(TON + TOFF) plus a rising TON_FIRST and falling TOFF_LAST times in order to perform proper measurements and to regulate the current and implement protection features. Therefore, the minimum pulse width (TPWM_ON) of the output PWM dimming current is restricted according to this minimum duration (see Figure 29). The mean output current is proportional to the duty. However, for low duty, accuracy is lower due to limits mentioned earlier. Furthermore, the higher the output reference current value IREF, the greater the expected inaccuracy due to longer rising TON_FIRST and falling TOFF_LAST times. TON + TOFF Buck cycle TON + TOFF iOUT IMAX IREF IRIPPLE IMIN IMEAN = (TPWM_ON/TPWM) * IREF TPWM_ON TON_FI RS T TOFF_LAS T TPWM – PWM Cycle TON_FI RS T TON_FI RS T TOFF_LAS T TPWM – PWM Cycle TPWM_ON t TOFF_LAS T TPWM – PWM Cycle Figure 29. Output Current IMEAN Dimming Range Limitation Datasheet 41 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description 3.9 Configuration This section provides an overview of the parameters that can be configured via the UART interface. 3.9.1 Overview of Configurable Parameters The ILD2111 provides a generic firmware version that includes all parameters set to zero. The parameter values need to be specified by the user according to the target application. Please refer to the corresponding electrical characteristics in Section 4 for the minimum and maximum tolerances. Parameter Lists The parameter list contains the following groups: - Configurable parameters (see Section 3.9.1.1) - Variable values that can be changed (modified) by the user according to the desired application. - Design constants (see Section 3.9.1.2) - Constant values that cannot be changed and that are specified by the application. Datasheet 42 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description 3.9.1.1 Configurable Parameters The configurable parameters are arranged in the following tables: 1. Hardware configuration - Table 3-8. 2. Protections - Table 3-9. 3. Temperature guard - Table 3-10. 4. Startup & shutdown - Table 3-11. 5. Output current set - Table 3-12. Table 3-8. Configurable Parameters – Hardware Configuration Parameter Name Minimum Value Maximum Value Description Vin_current_range 0.209 mA 1.6 mA This bit field selects the measurement range for the current measurement (full scale value) 00B - Range 00 => IMEA = 209 µA (RSHUNT = 6690 Ω) 01B - Range 01 => IMEA = 1.6 mA (RSHUNT = 1490 Ω) Current_sense_OCP1 0.4 V 0.6 V This bit field defines range (gain) for the CS OCP1 DAC, CS S&H and CS peak detector 10B - Range 10 = OCP1 = 0.6 V / OCP2 = 0.8 V (gain = 4) 11B - Range 11 = OCP1 = 0.4 V / OCP2 = 0.6 V (gain = 6) GD_voltage 4.5 V 15 V Gate voltage settings 000B – 15 V 001B – 13.5 V 010B – 12 V 011B – 10.5 V 100B – 9 V 101B – 7.5 V 110B – 6 V 111B – 4.5 V GD_current 30 mA 118 mA Gate current settings 00110B – 30 mA 00111B – 33 mA 01000B – 35 mA 01001B – 38 mA 01010B – 41 mA 01011B – 45 mA 01100B – 49 mA 01101B – 53 mA 01110B – 57 mA 01111B – 62 mA 10000B – 67 mA 10001B – 73 mA 10010B – 79 mA 10011B – 85 mA 10100B – 93 mA 10101B – 100 mA 10110B – 109 mA 10111B – 118 mA Datasheet 43 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description Table 3-9. Configurable Parameters - Protections Parameter Name Minimum Value Maximum Value Description ETP_comp_Vcc Vcc voltage compensation for external temperature measurement enabled/disabled ETP_enable External temperature enabled/disabled Vin_min_start Vin_min_oper Vin_max_start Vin_max_oper Vout_min Vout_max protection feature 0 Lowest possible input voltage VIN for buck converter to be able to start operation. 0 Lowest possible input voltage VIN allowed during operation. 0 Highest possible input voltage VIN for buck converter to be able to start operation 0 Highest possible input voltage VIN allowed during operation. 0 Minimum output voltage. Output voltage lower than this value will trigger output undervoltage protection. 0 Maximum output voltage. Output voltage higher than this value will trigger output overvoltage protection. 0 Maximum allowed output power – Output power higher than this value will trigger output overpower protection. The output power limit can be for Ref_currents < Ref_current_HCTH or for Ref_currents ≥ Ref_current_HCTH, see Table 3-14 Maximal hysteretic value of shutdown output current (ERROR CURRENT) - IERROR, see Figure 13 Minimal hysteretic value of shutdown output current (ERROR CURRENT) - IERROR, see Figure 13 Pout_max Err_refcurrent_max Err_refcurrent_min Table 3-10. Configurable Parameters – Temperature guard Parameter Name Minimum Value Maximum Value Description ITP_temperature_hot1) -40 °C 150 °C Hot temperature threshold for internal sensor. ITP_temperature_critical1) -40 °C 150 °C Critical temperature threshold for internal sensor. ETP_temperature_hot 0V 1.6 V ETP_temperature_critical 0V 1.6 V ITP_PWM_inc_time_step 1s 100 s ITP_PWM_dec_time_step 1s 100 s ETP_PWM_inc_time_step 1s 100 s Hot temperature voltage threshold for external sensor. Critical temperature voltage threshold for external sensor. Internal temperature protection time step (in seconds) for current increasing (change of internal PWM duty). Internal temperature protection time step (in seconds) for current decreasing (change of internal PWM duty). External temperature protection time step (in seconds) for current increasing (change of internal PWM duty). Datasheet 44 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description Parameter Name Minimum Value Maximum Value Description ETP_PWM_dec_time_step 1s 100 s Vcc_reference 11 V 24 V External temperature protection time step (in seconds) for current decreasing (change of internal PWM duty). Reference value of Vcc voltage for external temperature measurement compensation. 1) Absolute maximum ratings and operation conditions need to be considered. Table 3-11. Configurable Parameters – Startup & Shutdown 1) Parameter Name Minimum Value Maximum Value Description Softstart_time_step 0 65535 Reference current ramp increment time interval (tCSUS) in system timer ticks (100 µs). Softshutdown_time_step 0 65535 Reference current ramp decrement time interval (tCSDS) in system timer ticks (100 µs). 1) See Section 3.3.5. Datasheet 45 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description Table 3-12. Configurable Parameters – Output Current Set Parameter Name Minimum Value Maximum Value Curr_ripple_perc 1 100 Description Current ripple percentage which is used during the startup sequence. Reference current 01 which is assigned to the first FRC current group (FRC current group 1). Reference current 02 which is assigned to the first FRC current group (FRC current group 1). Reference current 03 which is assigned to the first FRC current group (FRC current group 1). Reference current 04 which is assigned to the first FRC current group (FRC current group 1). Reference current 05 which is assigned to the second FRC current group (FRC current group 2). Reference current 06 which is assigned to the second FRC current group (FRC current group 2). Reference current 07 which is assigned to the second FRC current group (FRC current group 2). Reference current 08 which is assigned to the second FRC current group (FRC current group 2). Reference current 09 which is assigned to the third FRC current group (FRC current group 3). Reference current 10 which is assigned to the third FRC current group (FRC current group 3). Reference current 11 which is assigned to the third FRC current group (FRC current group 3). Reference current 12 which is assigned to the third FRC current group (FRC current group 3). Reference current 13 which is assigned to the fourth FRC current group (FRC current group 4). Reference current 14 which is assigned to the fourth FRC current group (FRC current group 4). Reference current 15 which is assigned to the fourth FRC current group (FRC current group 4). Reference current 16 which is assigned to the fourth FRC current group (FRC current group 4). Ref_current_01 Ref_current_02 Ref_current_03 Ref_current_04 Ref_current_05 Ref_current_06 Ref_current_07 Ref_current_08 Ref_current_09 Ref_current_10 Ref_current_11 Ref_current_12 Ref_current_13 Ref_current_14 Ref_current_15 Ref_current_16 1) 1) See Section 3.3.3. Datasheet 46 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description 3.9.1.2 Design Constants Design constants are arranged in the following tables: 1. Hardware configuration - Table 3-13. 2. Protections - Table 3-14. 3. Temperature guard - Table 3-15. 4. Startup & shutdown - Table 3-16. 5. Control loop - Table 3-17. 6. Dimming - Table 3-18. 7. Output current set - Table 3-19. 8. Frequency ripple controller - Table 3-20. Table 3-13. Design Constants – Hardware Configuration Parameter Name Value Description V_ADC_th 0.6075 V Ref capacitor discharge ADC voltage threshold. ETP_temperature_disconnected 4000 i.u External sensor disconnection threshold value. Table 3-14. Design Constants – Protections Parameter Name Value Description Ref_current_HCTH 800 mA First reference current value for HC range. The value should be selected from the reference current list. Pout_corr_LC 1 POUT correction factor for low current (LC) range. Pout_corr_HC 1 POUT correction factor for high current (HC) range. Err_restart_tries 4 Number of auto-restart attempts before entering latch mode. Err_current_time 500 ms Time interval (error time) after decreasing ramp to imply minimum current before turn off. Err_restart_time 1000 ms Error auto-restart time interval. Err_cnt_clear_time 65000 ms Time after which error restart attempts counter will be cleared. Open_out_timeout 300 ms Open output detection time (timeout). Alt_OCP1_filt_stable 2 ALTOCP1 filter length (OCP1 level). OCP2_filt_stable 6 Pout_filt_coef 16 Vin_filt_coef 16 Tpwm_filt_coef 4 OCP2_restart_delay 130 ms Final delay time after four OCP2 events are detected. Buck_steady_delay 32 Number of averaged PWM cycles for steady state operation where calculation & protection are handled. Datasheet Number of samples that have reached OCP2 level, after which OCP2 event will be handled. Output power first order filter coefficient. This parameter can n be 2 (n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). Pout filtering before comparing against Pout_max_XX, (XX = LC, HC) threshold. Vin voltage first order filter coefficient. This parameter can n be 2 (n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). Tpwm (Buck cycle period) first order filter coefficient. This n parameter can be 2 (n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). 47 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description Table 3-15. Design Constants – Temperature Guard Parameter Name Value Description ITP_PWM_inc_step 1 Internal temperature protection current increase step (internal PWM dimming). ITP_PWM_dec_step 1 Internal temperature protection (internal PWM dimming). ITP_startup_PWM_hot 50% Internal temperature protection current de-rating PWM duty value for starting in the hot condition. ETP_PWM_inc_step 1 External temperature protection (internal PWM dimming). ETP_PWM_dec_step 1 External temperature protection current decrease step (internal PWM dimming). ETP_startup_PWM_hot 50% External temperature protection current de-rating PWM duty value for starting in the hot condition. ETP_filt_coef 64 External temperature measurement first order filter coefficient. External temperature filtering before comparing n against thresholds. This parameter can be 2 (n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). Vcc_filt_coef 16 Vcc voltage first order filter coefficient. This parameter can be n 2 (n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). current current decrease increase step step Table 3-16. Design Constants – Startup and Shutdown Parameter Name Softstart_start_curr Softstart_curr_step Softshutdown_curr_step Datasheet Value Description 5% Softstart starting value of reference current ramp (% of the I_ref_01 current value). Ripple is given as a percentage. 0.5% Softstart reference current ramp increment step value (% of the I_ref_01 current value). 0.5% Soft shutdown reference current ramp decrement step value (% of the I_ref_01 current value). 48 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description Table 3-17. Design Constant – Control Loop Parameter Name Value Description PI_gain_shift_softstart_lc 3 PI regulator gain boost value for low current range during PI_gain_shift_softstart_lc startup. The error signal is multiplied with 2 PI_gain_shift_softstart_hc 2 PI regulator gain boost value for high current range during PI_gain_shift_softstart_hc startup. The error signal is multiplied with 2 PI_gain_shift_lc 1 PI regulator gain boost value for low current range during normal operation. The error signal is multiplied with PI_gain_shift_lc 2 . PI_gain_shift_hc 0 PI regulator gain boost value for high current range during normal operation. The error signal is multiplied with PI_gain_shift_hc 2 . Table 3-18. Design Constant – Dimming Parameter Name Value Description TP_PWM_period 3.2 ms Temperature protection internal IPWM period - defines the frequency of the internal IPWM dimming (fPWM = 1 / TP_PWM_period). fPWM ~ 300 Hz. TP_PWM_duty_min 50% Temperature protection internal IPWM ON time - defines the duty factor (in %) of the internal IPWM dimming. EPWM_detection_timeout 50 ms Timeout for external EPWM detection. LFPWM_threshold_divider 1 Number of divisions by two of measured T PWM to get the hysteretic controller threshold. This parameter can be n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. LFPWM_flicker_free_threshold 30 Number of switching cycles that are considered flicker-free (threshold divider is not implemented then for hysteresis controller). Datasheet 49 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description Table 3-19. Design Constant – Output Current Set Parameter Name Value Description Reference_time_01 1) * Discharge time threshold for Ref_current_01 Reference_time_02 1) * Discharge time threshold for Ref_current_02 Reference_time_03 1) * Discharge time threshold for Ref_current_03 Reference_time_04 1) * Discharge time threshold for Ref_current_04 Reference_time_05 1) * Discharge time threshold for Ref_current_05 Reference_time_06 1) * Discharge time threshold for Ref_current_06 Reference_time_07 1) * Discharge time threshold for Ref_current_07 Reference_time_08 1) * Discharge time threshold for Ref_current_08 Reference_time_09 1) * Discharge time threshold for Ref_current_09 Reference_time_10 1) * Discharge time threshold for Ref_current_10 Reference_time_11 1) * Discharge time threshold for Ref_current_11 Reference_time_12 1) * Discharge time threshold for Ref_current_12 Reference_time_13 1) * Discharge time threshold for Ref_current_13 Reference_time_14 1) * Discharge time threshold for Ref_current_14 Reference_time_15 1) * Discharge time threshold for Ref_current_15 Reference_time_16 1) * Discharge time threshold for Ref_current_16 RC_cap_charge_time 500 µs Time for charging ref capacitor. RC_measurement_timeout 40000 µs Maximal time to determine that no external resistor has been connected during current set determination. CS_blanking_time 0.758 µs Configurable leading edge blanking time. CS_sample_time 0.622 µs Configurable CS sample time - delay until sampling starts. Toff_min 0.4 µs Minimal TOFF time. It is 10% of TSWMIN = 1 / fSWMAX, fSWMAX = 250 kHz. 1) The calculated Reference_time values* (dependent on the selected reference resistors and reference capacitor) will be assigned automatically to the appropriate reference current parameter Ref_current – see Section 3.3.3. Datasheet 50 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description Table 3-20. Design Constant - Frequency Ripple Controller Parameter Name Value Description Curr_ripple_max_01_04 157 mA Maximum allowed ripple value for reference currents group 1. FRC is enabled. Curr_ripple_min_01_04 87 mA Minimum allowed ripple value for reference currents group 1. FRC is enabled. Curr_ripple_max_05_08 149 mA Maximum allowed ripple value for reference currents group 2. FRC is enabled. Curr_ripple_min_05_08 87 mA Minimum allowed ripple value for reference currents group 2. FRC is enabled. Curr_ripple_max_09_12 149 mA Maximum allowed ripple value for reference currents group 3. FRC is enabled. Curr_ripple_min_09_12 87 mA Minimum allowed ripple value for reference currents group 3. FRC is enabled. Curr_ripple_max_13_16 140 mA Maximum allowed ripple value for reference currents group 4. FRC is enabled. Curr_ripple_min_13_16 87 mA Minimum allowed ripple value for reference currents group 4. FRC is enabled. FRC_freq_max_limit_01_04 120 kHz Maximum allowed switching frequency (defines minimum allowed switching period) for reference currents group 1. FRC_freq_min_limit_01_04 110 kHz Minimum allowed switching frequency (defines maximum allowed switching period) for reference currents group 1. FRC_freq_max_limit_05_08 140 kHz Maximum allowed switching frequency (defines minimum allowed switching period) for reference currents group 2. FRC_freq_min_limit_05_08 126 kHz Minimum allowed switching frequency (defines maximum allowed switching period) for reference currents group 2. FRC_freq_max_limit_09_12 145 kHz Maximum allowed switching frequency (defines minimum allowed switching period) for reference currents group 3. FRC_freq_min_limit_09_12 130 kHz Minimum allowed switching frequency (defines maximum allowed switching period) for reference currents group 3. FRC_freq_max_limit_13_16 130 kHz Maximum allowed switching frequency (defines minimum allowed switching period) for reference currents group 4. FRC_freq_min_limit_13_16 110 kHz Minimum allowed switching frequency (defines maximum allowed switching period) for reference currents group 4. FRC_reg_interval_start 1024 Frequency-ripple control execution interval, during startup, in averaging intervals (averaging interval = 16 Buck cycles). FRC_reg_interval_oper 12288 Frequency-ripple control execution interval during normal operation, in averaging intervals (averaging interval = 16 Buck cycles). FRC_pass_oper_th 64 Number of FRC executions before considered steady and can switch to operational execution interval. Datasheet 51 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description 3.9.2 Configuration Procedure – Parameter Handling The UART interface is configured at the pin REF/SC. The UART interface uses a single line for receiving and transmitting data. Firmware parameters are configured by means of communication protocol commands (Infineon proprietary protocol). Parameters are stored in on-chip OTP memory (default parameter block and parameter patches). Parameters can be accessed after the chip startup phase when VCC exceeds the VEXT threshold (see Table 4-4) and a UART connection at the REF/SC pin is detected. During startup, the application checks the default parameter block, RAM content that was copied from OTP memory. If no default parameter block is detected or if an error is found (CRC mismatch), buck operation will be disabled, and the device will report an error and enter the idle state. Reading and writing of the parameters are related to RAM parameter values. Write operations change the working value of the selected parameter, affecting chip operation after exiting configuration mode. The number of write operations is not limited. Since the default parameter block may be corrupted or in the case that the user wants to change some of the parameter values (or the whole parameter block), a patching feature can be used to change the parameters. In general, the patches will have the same structure as the default parameter block but the length will be arbitrary and up to the size of the full (default) block. A Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) in the patch will not reflect the patch data CRC, but rather the CRC of all the default parameters with the implemented patch. The patching procedure will be repeated for all found and consistent patches – see the parameter-handling flowchart in Figure 30. Datasheet 52 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Functional Description START NO Is there any patch? YES Overwrite parameters in Default block with appropriate parameters from the patch. Replace CRC in the Default block. Is there additional patch? YES NO NO Does Default block have correct CRC? YES Is Default parameter block consistent? NO STOP Buck operation. Announces an error. YES START Buck operation EXIT Figure 30. Parameter Handling In order to be presented to users in a suitable, comprehensive form, the .dp vision Graphical User Interface (GUI) application is provided by Infineon. This software tool relates parameter addresses and values to their appropriate physical interpretation. Moreover, default parameter settings can be changed (recalculated) according to application requirements (input voltage range, output current range, shunt resistor value, input voltage resistor value, reference capacitor value, etc.) and can be burned according to recalculated values as 1 well as writing the corresponding patches. Burning parameters to OTP will store the current parameter values to be used as working values after the next chip reset. More information about .dp vision can be found in the User’s Manual document for this tool. 1 During burning, the OTP programming voltage VPP (see Table 4-15) must have a stable value. Datasheet 53 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Electrical Characteristics 4 Electrical Characteristics 4.1 Definitions Figure 31 illustrates the definition for the voltage and current parameters used in this datasheet. +IPIN PIN + VPIN ILD2111 GND Figure 31. Voltage and Current Definitions 1 The electrical characteristics are arranged in the following tables: 1) Absolute Maximum Ratings, Table 4-1. 2) Thermal Characteristics, Table 4-2. 3) Operating Range, Table 4-3. 4) Electrical Characteristics of the Power Supply, Table 4-4. 5) Electrical Characteristics of Pin VIN, Table 4-5. 6) Electrical Characteristics of Pin REF/SC, Table 4-6. 7) Electrical Characteristics of Pin CS, Table 4-7. 8) Electrical Characteristics of Gate Driver Pin GD0, Table 4-8. 9) Electrical Characteristics of Digital Input Pin PWM, Table 4-9. 10) Electrical Characteristics of Pin TS, Table 4-10 11) Electrical Characteristics of the A/D Converter, Table 4-11. 12) Electrical Characteristics of the Reference Voltage VREF, Table 4-12. 13) Electrical Characteristics of the Clock Oscillators, Table 4-13. 14) Electrical Characteristics for Internal Temperature Protection, Table 4-14. 15) Electrical Characteristics of the OTP Programming, Table 4-15. 1 Currents flowing out of the device (ILD2111) are marked with a negative sign in the ‘Symbol’ column. Datasheet 54 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Electrical Characteristics 4.2 Absolute Maximum Ratings Attention: Stresses above the values listed below may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Maximum ratings are absolute ratings; exceeding only one of these values may cause irreversible damage to the integrated circuit. These values are not tested during production test. Table 4-1. Absolute Maximum Ratings 1 Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note / Test Condition Voltage at pin VCC VVCC Min. -0.5 Max. 26 V Voltage that can be applied to pin VCC by an external voltage source Voltage at pin GD0 VGD0 -0.5 VVCC+0.3 V Voltage at pin PWM Junction temperature VPWM -0.5 VVCC+0.3 V TJ -40 125 ºC Storage temperature TS -55 150 ºC Soldering temperature TSOLD - 260 ºC Wave soldering Latch-up capability ILU - 150 mA 2) ESD capability HBM VHBM - 2000 V ESD capability HBM VHBM - 1500 V 3) 1) Pin voltages according to absolute maximum ratings 3) Excluded pin VIN Pin VIN ESD capability CDM VCDM - 500 V 4) Input Voltage Limit VIN_DC -0.5 3.6 V Voltage at pin VIN VINEXT - 26 V Voltage externally supplied to the 5) pins REF/SC, CS, TS, PWM Maximum voltage that can be applied to pin VIN by an external voltage source Maximum current into pin VIN IAC - 10 mA 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) According to JESD22A111 Rev A. Latch-up capability according to JEDEC JESD78D, T A=85°C. ESD-HBM according to ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001-2012. ESD-CDM according to JESD22-C101F. Permanently applied as DC value. 1 Absolute maximum ratings (Table 4-1) are defined as ratings which, when exceeded, may lead to destruction of the integrated circuit. For the same reason, make sure that any capacitor connected to pin VCC is discharged completely, before assembling the application circuit. Datasheet 55 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Electrical Characteristics 4.3 Package Characteristics Table 4-2. Package Characteristics Parameter Symbol Thermal resistance for PG-DSO-8-58 RthJA 4.4 Values Unit Note / Test Condition JEDEC 1s0p for 140 mW power dissipation JEDEC 1s0p for 180 mW power dissipation JEDEC 1s0p for 220 mW power dissipation JEDEC 2s2p for 140, 180, 220 mW power dissipation Min. - Max. 178 K/W - 164 K/W - 154 K/W - 100 K/W Operating Conditions Table 4-3 shows the recommended operating conditions under which the electrical characteristics shown in Section 4.5 are valid. Table 4-3. Operating Range Parameter Symbol Junction temperature TJ Min. -40 Max. 125 ºC Lower VCC limit VVCC VUVOFF - V Voltage externally supplied to VCC pin VVCCEXT - 24 V Gate driver pin voltage VGD -0.3 VVCC+0.3 V Datasheet Values 56 Unit Note / Test Condition Device is held in reset when VCC < VUVOFF Maximum voltage that can be applied to the pin VCC by an external voltage source Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Electrical Characteristics 4.5 DC Electrical Characteristics The electrical characteristics involve the spread of values given within the specified supply voltage and junction temperature range TJ from -40°C to +125°C. Typical values represent the median values related to TA = 25°C. All voltages refer to GND, and the assumed supply voltage is VVCC = 18 V, if not specified otherwise. The following characteristics are specified: Table 4-4. Electrical Characteristics of the Power Supply Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note / Test Condition Min. Typ. Max. VCC Externally Powered Startup VCC_ON_EXT threshold VEXT 7 - 11 V VCC_ON_EXT delay tEXT - - 2000 ns Reaction time of 1) VCC_EXT monitor VCC System Turn Off VCC_UVOFF current IVCCUVOFF 5 20 40 µA VVCC < VEXT(min) – 0.3 V UVOFF threshold VUVOFF - 6.0 - V UVOFF threshold tolerance UVOFF -5 - 5 % UVOFF filter constant ADC Measurement of VCC Maximum Error for ADC measurement (8 bit result) tUVOFF 550 - - ns TE0VCC - - 4.5 LSB8 1) TE256VCC - - 8.9 LSB8 1) Unit Note / Test Condition Maximum voltage that can be applied to the pin VIN by an external voltage source For measurement path 2) Current range 01b 2) Current range 00b 3) Current range 01b 3) Current range 00b Current range 01b Current range 00b Already reflected in RRIMEAS 1) This value defines the tolerance of VUVOFF 1) 1 V overdrive Not tested in production test. Table 4-5. Electrical Characteristics of Pin VIN Parameter Symbol Voltage at pin VIN VVIN Maximum current into pin VIN Nominal current for measurement path Reduced measurement range for current path Nominal measurement path resistor value Measurement path resistor tolerance Maximum error for corrected ADC measurement (8 bit result) IAC IMEAS 1) 2) 3) RRIMEAS RSHUNT RSHUNT TET0I01 TET256I01 Values Min. 0 Typ. - Max. 24 V 0 0 4 4 -20 1.49 6.69 - 10 1.6 209 80 80 20 mA mA µA % % kΩ kΩ % - - 4.1 8.4 LSB8 LSB8 1) 1) Not tested in production test. Defined by the parameter Vin_current_range (See Table 3-8). Operational values. Datasheet 57 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Electrical Characteristics Table 4-6. Electrical Characteristics of Pin REF/SC Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note / Test Condition 1) Min. Typ. Max. Digital Input Stage Characteristics Input capacitance CINPUT - - 10 pF Input low voltage VIL - - 1.0 V Input high voltage VIH 2.0 - - V Input leakage current, no pull device ILK -10 - 10 µA VREF/SC = 0 V / 3 V -1 - 1 µA 1) Input low current with active -ILPU weak pull-up WPU Digital Output Stage Characteristics Output low voltage VOL 30 - 90 µA TJ = 85°C VREF/SC = 0 V / 3 V Measured at max. VIL - - 0.8 V IOL = 2 mA Output high voltage VOH 2.2 - - V IOH = -2 mA Output sink current IOL - - 2 mA Output source current -IOH - - 2 mA Output rise time (0 → 1) tRISE - - 25 ns Output fall time (1 → 0) tFALL - - 25 ns Maximum output switching fSWITCH 15 frequency Analog Buffer and ADC channel Characteristics Nominal range VMFIO 0 - - MHz - VREF V Reduced operating range RRVMFIO 4 - 96 % 2) Maximum error for measurement (8 bit result) TE0VMF0 - - 3.3 LSB8 1) TE256VMF0 - - 5.6 LSB8 1) - 30 - kΩ -20 - 20 % Pull-Up Resistor Characteristics Pull-up resistor value RPU Pull-up resistor tolerance 1) 2) RPU 20 pF load, push/pull 1) output 20 pF load, push/pull 1) or open-drain output 1) Overall tolerance Not tested in production test. Operational values. Datasheet 58 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Electrical Characteristics Table 4-7. Electrical Characteristics of Pin CS Parameter Symbol Input Clamping Characteristics Input voltage negative -VINPCLN clamping level OCP2 Comparator Characteristics OCP2 threshold voltage, VOCP2 derived from VVDDP, given values assuming VVDDP = 3.3 V Threshold voltage tolerance VOCP2 Delay from VCS crossing tCSGD0OCP2 VCSOCP2 to begin of GD0 turn-off (IGD0 > 2 mA) OCP1 Comparator Characteristics Operating range VOCP1 OCP1 threshold voltage step width OCP1 threshold at full scale setting (CS_OCP1LVL=FFH) OCP1 integral nonlinearity VOCP1ST VOCP1FS VOCP1INL Values Unit Note / Test Condition Min. Typ. Max. 600 1000 1500 mV Analog clamp structure activated - 0.6 - V Current sense range 11b - 0.8 - V Current sense range 10b -5 - 5 % Voltage divider tolerance 125 155 190 ns 2) 0 0 392 583 -1.9 1.581 2.371 403 605 - VREF/6 VREF/4 430 627 1.9 V V mV mV mV mV Current sense range 11b 1) Current sense range 10b 1) Current sense range 11b 1) Current sense range 10b 1) Current sense range 11b 1) Current sense range 10b 1) Current sense range 11b -2.9 - 2.9 180 260 345 LSB8 ns 120 185 250 ns 100 130 165 ns 60 - 95 ns 1) 1) dVCS/dt = 100 V/µs fMCLK = 66 MHz GD0 driven by QR_GATE FIL_OCP2.STABLE = 3 1) LSB8 Delay from VCS crossing VCSOCP1 to begin of GD0 turn-off (IGD0 > 2 mA) OCP1 comparator input single pulse width filter tCSGD0OCP1 tOCP1PW Sample & Hold Characteristics Nominal S&H operating VCSH 0 VREF/6 range 0 VREF/4 Reduced S&H operating RRCVSH 4 90 range S&H settling time for ADC tCSHSTC 300 sampling 1) Defined by the parameter Current_sense_OCP1 (See Table 3-8). 2) Not tested in production test. 3) Operational values. 1) Current sense range 10b 2) dVCS/dt = 53 mV/µs fMCLK = 66 MHz GD0 driven by QR_GATE 2) dVCS/dt = 272 mV/µs fMCLK = 66 MHz GD0 driven by QR_GATE 2) dVCS/dt = 100 V/µs fMCLK = 66 MHz GD0 driven by QR_GATE Shorter pulses than min. are suppressed, longer pulses than max. are 2) passed 1) V V % Current sense range 11b 1) Current sense range 10b ns STC = 5 3) The absolute error of the OCP1 comparator is limited according to |VOCP1 - VOCP1Nom| ≤ |VOCP1FS - VOCP1ST * 255| + |VOCP1INL| Datasheet 59 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Electrical Characteristics If the voltage at pin CS VCS(t) is a linear rising signal starting below the OCP1 threshold, the delay between the time when the voltage crosses the threshold and the CS comparator output rising edge t CSGD0OCP1 is a function of the slope. Two representative slopes are specified to characterize this dependency. Table 4-8. Electrical Characteristics of Gate Driver Pin GD0 Parameter Symbol Values Unit Note / Test Condition APD low voltage (active pull down while device is not powered or gate driver is not enabled) RPPD value VAPD Min. - RPPD - 600 - kΩ RPPD tolerance RPD -25 - 25 % Driver Output low impedance RGDL - - 6.5 Ω Output voltage at high state VGDH 4.5 - 15 V Output voltage tolerance VGDH -5 - 5 % -0.5 - 0.5 V VGDHRR VVCC 0.5 - VVCC V -IGDH 30 - 118 mA IGDH tIGDHST -20 - - 20 40 % ns IGDDIS 500 - - mA Rail-to-rail output high voltage Nominal output high current 2) Output high current tolerance Output high current settling time Discharge current 1) 2) 3) 4) Typ. - Max. 1.6 V IGD = 5 mA Permanent pull-down resistor inside gate driver Permanent pull-down resistor inside gate driver Driver stage enabled and at low state 1) Programming options 4) Tolerance of programming options if VGDH > 10 V Tolerance of programming options if VGDH < 10 V If VVCC < programmed VGDH and output at high state 3) Programming options , CLOAD = 2 nF Start of high state to 4) output current stable VGD = 4 V and driver at 4) low state Defined by the parameter GD_voltage (See Table 3-8). If open drain mode is selected, then -IGDH = 0. Defined by the parameter GD_current (See Table 3-8). Not tested in production test. Table 4-9. Electrical Characteristics of Digital Input Pin PWM Parameter Symbol Input capacitance CINPUT Min. - Typ. - Input low voltage VIL - Input high voltage VIH Input low current with active weak pull-up WPU Input high current with active weak pull-down WPD Maximum input frequency 1) Values Unit Note / Test Condition Max. 25 pF 1) - 1.0 V 2.1 - - V -ILPU 30 - 90 µA Measured at max. VIL IHPD 110 - 300 µA Measured at min. VIH fINPUT 15 - - MHz Not tested in production test. Datasheet 60 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Electrical Characteristics Table 4-10. Electrical Characteristics of Pin TS Parameter Nominal S&H input voltage range Reduced S&H input voltage range Maximum Error for ADC measurement (8 bit result) Maximum Error for corrected ADC measurement (8 bit result) S&H settling time for ADC sample Voltage Drop of sampled input voltage if ADC measurement is started 100 μs after end of sampling phase 1) 2) Symbol Values VZSH Min. 0 Typ. - RRZVSH 4 - Max. 2/3 * VREF 95 TE0ZVS0 TE256ZVS0 TET0ZVS0 TET256ZVS0 - - tZSHSTC - VZDROP 6.3 6.3 2.8 4.6 LSB8 LSB8 LSB8 LSB8 1) - 300 ns STC = 5 0 - 3 LSB8 TJ = 85°C 0 5 - 1) 1) 1) 1) TJ = 125°C 1) LSB8 Not tested in production test. Operational values. Symbol Usable sample time tS Conversion time for STC = 5 tC(STC=5) Min. 24 * tMCLK - Conversion time for STC = 15 tC(STC=15) - Integral non-linearity INL - 57 * tMCLK 97 * tMCLK - Differential non-linearity DNL - - 3) V 2) Parameter 2) Note / Test Condition % Table 4-11. Electrical Characteristics of the A/D Converter 1) Unit 1) Values Typ. - Unit Note / Test Condition ns Selected by STC between 5 and 15 ns 2) - ns 2) 1 LSB8 3) 0.8 LSB8 Max. 64 * tMCLK - The sample time tS of the A/D converter is given by tS = (STC+1) * 4 * tMCLK. The conversion time tC (including sample time) is given by tC = 33 * tMCLK + (STC+1) * 4 * tMCLK. Any conversion needs exact these numbers of clock cycles by design. ADC capability measured via channel MFIO without errors due to switching of neighboring pins, measured with STC = 5. Table 4-12. Electrical Characteristics of the Reference Voltage VREF Parameter Symbol Reference voltage VREF Min. - Typ. 2.428 Max. - V VREF tolerance VREF -1 - 1 % Trimmed, TA = 25°C VREF tolerance VREF -2 - 2 % Trimmed, over full temperature range and 1) aging 1) Values Unit Note / Test Condition Not tested in production test. Datasheet 61 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Electrical Characteristics Table 4-13. Electrical Characteristics of the Clock Oscillators Parameter Symbol Master clock oscillation period tMCLK Values Min. 20.0 Typ. 20.9 Max. 22.0 Unit Note / Test Condition ns Referred as 50 MHz fMCLK Table 4-14. Electrical Characteristics of the internal Temperature Sensor Parameter Symbol Min. Typ. Temperature sensor output voltage operating range Temperature sensor tolerance VADCTEMP 0 - TEMP -8 - 1) Values Max. 190/255 * VREF 8 Unit Note / Test Condition V VADCTEMP = VREF/255 * (40 + temperature in °C) Incl. ADC conversion 1) accuracy at 4 σ K Not tested in production test. Table 4-15. Electrical Characteristics of the OTP Programming Parameter OTP programming voltage at the VCC pin OTP programming current 1) 2) Symbol Unit Note / Test Condition VPP Min. 7.35 Typ. 7.5 Values Max. 7.65 V 1) 2) IPP - 1.6 - mA Programming of 4 bit in 2) parallel Operational values. Not tested in production test. Datasheet 62 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 ILD2111 Outline Dimensions 5 Outline Dimensions Outline dimensions are shown in Figure 32. Figure 32. PG-DSO-8-58 Notes 1. You can find all of our packages, types of packing and other information on our Infineon Internet page “Products”: http://www.infineon.com/products. 2. Dimensions in mm. Datasheet 63 Revision 1.0, 2015-04-08 Edition 2015-04-08 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 Munich, Germany © 2015 Infineon Technologies AG All Rights Reserved. Legal Disclaimer The information given in this document shall in no event be regarded as a guarantee of conditions or characteristics. With respect to any examples or hints given herein, any typical values stated herein and/or any information regarding the application of the device, Infineon Technologies hereby disclaims any and all warranties and liabilities of any kind, including without limitation, warranties of non-infringement of intellectual property rights of any third party. Information For further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office (www.infineon.com). Warnings Due to technical requirements, components may contain dangerous substances. For information on the types in question, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office. Infineon Technologies components may be used in life-support devices or systems only with the express written approval of Infineon Technologies, if a failure of such components can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that life-support device or system or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system. Life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body or to support and/or maintain and sustain and/or protect human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user or other persons may be endangered. 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