Cypress BCM43438 Single-chip ieee 802.11ac b/g/n mac/baseband/radio with integrated bluetooth 4.1 and fm receiver Datasheet

CYW43438
PRELIMINARY
Single-Chip IEEE 802.11ac b/g/n MAC/Baseband/
Radio with Integrated Bluetooth 4.1 and FM Receiver
The Cypress CYW43438 is a highly integrated single-chip solution and offers the lowest RBOM in the industry for smartphones,
tablets, and a wide range of other portable devices. The chip includes a 2.4 GHz WLAN IEEE 802.11 b/g/n MAC/baseband/radio,
Bluetooth 4.1 support, and an FM receiver. In addition, it integrates a power amplifier (PA) that meets the output power requirements
of most handheld systems, a low-noise amplifier (LNA) for best-in-class receiver sensitivity, and an internal transmit/receive (iTR) RF
switch, further reducing the overall solution cost and printed circuit board area.
The WLAN host interface supports gSPI and SDIO v2.0 modes, providing a raw data transfer rate up to 200 Mbps when operating in
4-bit mode at a 50 MHz bus frequency. An independent, high-speed UART is provided for the Bluetooth/FM host interface.
Using advanced design techniques and process technology to reduce active and idle power, the CYW43438 is designed to address
the needs of highly mobile devices that require minimal power consumption and compact size. It includes a power management unit
that simplifies the system power topology and allows for operation directly from a rechargeable mobile platform battery while
maximizing battery life.
The CYW43438 implements the world’s most advanced Enhanced Collaborative Coexistence algorithms and hardware
mechanisms, allowing for an extremely collaborative WLAN and Bluetooth coexistence.
Cypress Part Numbering Scheme
Cypress is converting the acquired IoT part numbers from Broadcom to the Cypress part numbering scheme. Due to this conversion,
there is no change in form, fit, or function as a result of offering the device with Cypress part number marking. The table provides
Cypress ordering part number that matches an existing IoT part number.
Table 1. Mapping Table for Part Number between Broadcom and Cypress
Broadcom Part Number
Cypress Part Number
BCM43438
CYW43438
BCM43438KUBG
CYW43438KUBG
Features
IEEE 802.11x Key Features
■
■
Bluetooth and FM Key Features
Single-band 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.11b/g/n.
TurboQAM®
Support for 2.4 GHz Broadcom
QAM) and 20 MHz channel bandwidth.
data rates (256-
■
Integrated iTR switch supports a single 2.4 GHz antenna
shared between WLAN and Bluetooth.
■
Supports explicit IEEE 802.11n transmit beamforming.
■
Tx and Rx Low-density Parity Check (LDPC) support for
improved range and power efficiency.
■
Supports standard SDIO v2.0 and gSPI host interfaces.
■
Supports Space-Time Block Coding (STBC) in the receiver.
■
Integrated ARM Cortex-M3 processor and on-chip memory
for complete WLAN subsystem functionality, minimizing the
need to wake up the applications processor for standard
WLAN functions. This allows for further minimization of
power consumption, while maintaining the ability to fieldupgrade with future features. On-chip memory includes 512
KB SRAM and 640 KB ROM.
■
OneDriver™ software architecture for easy migration from
existing embedded WLAN and Bluetooth devices as well as
to future devices.
Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
•
■
Complies with Bluetooth Core Specification Version 4.1 with
provisions for supporting future specifications.
■
Bluetooth Class 1 or Class 2 transmitter operation.
■
Supports extended Synchronous Connections (eSCO), for
enhanced voice quality by allowing for retransmission of
dropped packets.
■
Adaptive Frequency Hopping (AFH) for reducing radio frequency interference.
■
Interface support — Host Controller Interface (HCI) using a
high-speed UART interface and PCM for audio data.
■
FM receiver unit supports HCI for communication.
■
Low-power consumption improves battery life of handheld
devices.
■
FM receiver: 65 MHz to 108 MHz FM bands; supports the
European Radio Data Systems (RDS) and the North American Radio Broadcast Data System (RBDS) standards.
■
Supports multiple simultaneous Advanced Audio Distribution
Profiles (A2DP) for stereo sound.
■
Automatic frequency detection for standard crystal and
TCXO values.
198 Champion Court
•
San Jose, CA 95134-1709
•
408-943-2600
Revised May 11, 2017
PRELIMINARY
General Features
■
■
Supports a battery voltage range from 3.0V to 4.8V with an
internal switching regulator.
■
Programmable dynamic power management.
■
4 Kbit One-Time Programmable (OTP) memory for storing
board parameters.
■
Can be routed on low-cost 1 x 1 PCB stack-ups.
■
63-ball WLBGA package (4.87 mm × 2.87 mm, 0.4 mm
pitch).
CYW43438
Security:
WPA and WPA2 (Personal) support for powerful encryption
and authentication.
❐ AES in WLAN hardware for faster data encryption and IEEE
802.11i compatibility.
❐ Reference WLAN subsystem provides Cisco Compatible Extensions (CCX, CCX 2.0, CCX 3.0, CCX 4.0, CCX 5.0).
❐ Reference WLAN subsystem provides Wi–Fi Protected Setup (WPS).
■ Worldwide regulatory support: Global products supported
with worldwide homologated design.
❐
Figure 1. CYW43438 System Block Diagram
VDDIO
VBAT
WL_REG_ON
WLAN
Host I/F
WL_IRQ
SDIO*/SPI
2.4 GHz WLAN +
Bluetooth TX/RX
CLK_REQ
BT_REG_ON
PCM
Bluetooth
Host I/F
BT_DEV_WAKE
BT_HOST_WAKE
UART
FM RX
Host I/F
BPF
CYW43438
FM
RX
Stereo Analog Out
Document No. Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 2 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Contents
1. Overview ............................................................ 5
9. Microprocessor and Memory Unit
for Bluetooth ................................................... 39
1.1
Overview ............................................................. 5
1.2
Features .............................................................. 6
9.1
RAM, ROM, and Patch Memory .........................39
Standards Compliance ........................................ 6
9.2
Reset ..................................................................39
1.3
2. Power Supplies and Power Management ....... 8
10. Bluetooth Peripheral Transport Unit............. 40
2.1
Power Supply Topology ...................................... 8
10.1 PCM Interface ....................................................40
2.2
CYW43438 PMU Features .................................. 8
10.2 UART Interface ..................................................46
2.3
WLAN Power Management ............................... 11
11. FM Receiver Subsystem ................................ 48
2.4
PMU Sequencing .............................................. 11
11.1 FM Radio ............................................................48
2.5
Power-Off Shutdown ......................................... 12
11.2 Digital FM Audio Interfaces ................................48
2.6
Power-Up/Power-Down/Reset Circuits ............. 12
11.3 Analog FM Audio Interfaces ...............................48
3. Frequency References ................................... 13
11.4 FM Over Bluetooth .............................................48
3.1
Crystal Interface and Clock Generation ............ 13
11.5 eSCO .................................................................48
3.2
TCXO ................................................................ 13
11.6 Wideband Speech Link ......................................48
3.3
External 32.768 kHz Low-Power Oscillator ....... 15
11.7 A2DP ..................................................................48
4. WLAN System Interfaces ............................... 16
11.8 Autotune and Search Algorithms .......................48
11.9 Audio Features ...................................................49
4.1
SDIO v2.0 .......................................................... 16
4.1.1 SDIO Pin Descriptions ........................... 16
4.2
Generic SPI Mode ............................................. 17
12. CPU and Global Functions ............................ 52
5. Wireless LAN MAC and PHY.......................... 25
12.1 WLAN CPU and Memory Subsystem ................52
11.10RDS/RBDS ........................................................51
MAC Features ................................................... 25
5.1.1 MAC Description .................................... 25
12.2 One-Time Programmable Memory .....................52
PHY Description ................................................ 27
5.2.1 PHY Features ........................................ 28
12.4 External Coexistence Interface ..........................53
6. WLAN Radio Subsystem ................................ 29
12.6 UART Interface ..................................................53
5.1
5.2
12.3 GPIO Interface ...................................................52
12.5 JTAG Interface ...................................................53
6.1
Receive Path ..................................................... 30
13. WLAN Software Architecture......................... 54
6.2
Transmit Path .................................................... 30
13.1 Host Software Architecture ................................54
6.3
Calibration ......................................................... 30
13.2 Device Software Architecture .............................54
13.2.1 Remote Downloader ...............................54
7. Bluetooth + FM Subsystem Overview........... 31
7.1
Features ............................................................ 31
13.3 Wireless Configuration Utility .............................54
7.2
Bluetooth Radio ................................................. 32
14. Pinout and Signal Descriptions..................... 55
8. Bluetooth Baseband Core.............................. 34
14.1 Ball Map .............................................................55
8.1
Bluetooth 4.1 Features ...................................... 34
8.2
Link Control Layer ............................................. 34
8.3
Test Mode Support ............................................ 35
8.4
Bluetooth Power Management Unit .................. 35
8.5
Adaptive Frequency Hopping ............................ 38
8.6
Advanced Bluetooth/WLAN Coexistence .......... 38
8.7
Fast Connection
(Interlaced Page and Inquiry Scans) ................. 38
14.2 WLBGA Ball List in Ball Number
Order with X-Y Coordinates ..............................56
14.3 WLBGA Ball List Ordered By Ball Name ............58
14.4 Signal Descriptions ............................................59
14.5 WLAN GPIO Signals and Strapping Options .....62
14.6 Chip Debug Options ...........................................62
14.7 I/O States ...........................................................63
15. DC Characteristics.......................................... 65
15.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings ...............................65
15.2 Environmental Ratings .......................................65
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 3 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
15.3 Electrostatic Discharge Specifications .............. 65
21. Interface Timing and AC Characteristics ..... 90
15.4 Recommended Operating Conditions
and DC Characteristics ..................................... 66
21.1 SDIO Default Mode Timing ................................90
16. WLAN RF Specifications ................................ 68
21.3 gSPI Signal Timing .............................................92
16.1 2.4 GHz Band General RF Specifications ......... 68
21.4 JTAG Timing ......................................................92
16.2 WLAN 2.4 GHz Receiver Performance
Specifications .................................................... 69
22. Power-Up Sequence and Timing ................... 93
16.3 WLAN 2.4 GHz Transmitter Performance
Specifications .................................................... 72
16.4 General Spurious Emissions Specifications ...... 73
17. Bluetooth RF Specifications .......................... 74
18. FM Receiver Specifications ........................... 80
19. Internal Regulator Electrical
Specifications .................................................. 84
19.1 Core Buck Switching Regulator ........................ 84
21.2 SDIO High-Speed Mode Timing .........................91
22.1 Sequencing of Reset and Regulator
Control Signals ..................................................93
23. Package Information ...................................... 96
23.1 Package Thermal Characteristics ......................96
24. Mechanical Information.................................. 97
25. Ordering Information...................................... 99
26. Additional Information ................................... 99
26.1 Acronyms and Abbreviations .............................99
19.2 3.3V LDO (LDO3P3) ......................................... 85
26.2 IoT Resources ....................................................99
19.3 CLDO ................................................................ 86
Document History......................................................... 100
19.4 LNLDO .............................................................. 87
Sales, Solutions, and Legal Information .................... 101
Worldwide Sales and Design Support ............................101
Products .........................................................................101
PSoC® Solutions ............................................................101
Cypress Developer Community ......................................101
Technical Support ...........................................................101
20. System Power Consumption ......................... 88
20.1 WLAN Current Consumption ............................. 88
20.1.1 2.4 GHz Mode ....................................... 88
20.2 Bluetooth and FM Current Consumption ........... 89
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 4 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
1. Overview
1.1 Overview
The Cypress CYW43438 provides the highest level of integration for a mobile or handheld wireless system, with integrated
IEEE 802.11 b/g/n. It provides a small form-factor solution with minimal external components to drive down cost for mass volumes
and allows for handheld device flexibility in size, form, and function. The CYW43438 is designed to address the needs of highly mobile
devices that require minimal power consumption and reliable operation.
Figure 2 shows the interconnection of all the major physical blocks in the CYW43438 and their associated external interfaces, which
are described in greater detail in subsequent sections.
Cortex
M3
FM Digital
FM
I/F
FM Demod.
MDX RDS
Decode
LNA
ADC
AHB to APB
Bridge
AHB Bus Matrix
ADC
RSSI
Debug
AHB
FM RX
FM RF
FM_RX
ETM
JTAG*
SDP
Figure 2. CYW43438 Block Diagram
Patch
WD Timer
InterCtrl
SW Timer
Control
LO
Gen.
RAM
ROM
APB
DPLL
DMA
Bus Arb
ARM IP
GPIO
Ctrl
JTAG supported over SDIO or BT PCM
SDIO or gSPI
gSPI
ARM
CM3
RAM
RX/TX
GPIO
ROM
Buffer
IF
PLL
BT PHY
Wake/
WiMaxCtrl
Coex
Sleep
WiMax
Coex.
BT‐WLAN
ECI
BTFM Clock Control
Sleep‐
time
Keeping
LPO
Clock
Management
PMU
XO
Buffer
PMU
Ctrl
JTAG*
2.4 GHz
PA
Shared LNA
BPF
POR
WLAN
BT_REG_ON
VREGs
VBAT
PTU
XTAL
GPIO
UART
Supported over SDIO or BT PCM
UART
Radio
LCU
OTP
GPIO
2.4 GHz
Digital
Mod.
Power
Supply
Sleep CLK
XTAL
WL_REG_ON
WDT
MAC
PA
LNPPHY
PCM
BlueRF
Interface
SDIO
IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n
I/O Port Control
Digital
I/O
BT Clock/
Hopper
RF
SWREG
LDOx2
LPO
XTAL OSC.
POR
PMU
Control
Backplane
Debug
UART
Modem
Digital
Demod.
& Bit
Sync
APU
JTAG*
Buffer
Common and
Radio Digital
BPL
UART
* Via GPIO configuration, JTAG is supported over SDIO or BT PCM
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 5 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
1.2 Features
The CYW43438 supports the following WLAN, Bluetooth, and FM features:
■
IEEE 802.11b/g/n single-band radio with an internal power amplifier, LNA, and T/R switch
■
Bluetooth v4.1 with integrated Class 1 PA
■
Concurrent Bluetooth, FM (RX) RDS/RBDS, and WLAN operation
■
On-chip WLAN driver execution capable of supporting IEEE 802.11 functionality
■
Simultaneous BT/WLAN reception with a single antenna
■
WLAN host interface options:
❐ SDIO v2.0, including default and high-speed timing.
❐ gSPI—up to a 50 MHz clock rate
■
BT UART (up to 4 Mbps) host digital interface that can be used concurrently with the above WLAN host interfaces.
■
ECI—enhanced coexistence support, which coordinates BT SCO transmissions around WLAN receptions.
■
PCM for FM/BT audio, HCI for FM block control
■
HCI high-speed UART (H4 and H5) transport support
■
Wideband speech support (16 bits, 16 kHz sampling PCM, through PCM interfaces)
■
Bluetooth SmartAudio® technology improves voice and music quality to headsets.
■
Bluetooth low power inquiry and page scan
■
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) support
■
Bluetooth Packet Loss Concealment (PLC)
■
FM advanced internal antenna support
■
FM auto searching/tuning functions
■
FM multiple audio routing options: PCM, eSCO, and A2DP
■
FM mono-stereo blending and switching, and soft mute support
■
FM audio pause detection support
■
Multiple simultaneous A2DP audio streams
■
FM over Bluetooth operation and on-chip stereo headset emulation
1.3 Standards Compliance
The CYW43438 supports the following standards:
■
Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR
■
Bluetooth 3.0
■
Bluetooth 4.1 (Bluetooth Low Energy)
■
65 MHz to 108 MHz FM bands (US, Europe, and Japan)
■
IEEE 802.11n—Handheld Device Class (Section 11)
■
IEEE 802.11b
■
IEEE 802.11g
■
IEEE 802.11d
■
IEEE 802.11h
■
IEEE 802.11i
■
The CYW43438 will support the following future drafts/standards:
■
IEEE 802.11r — Fast Roaming (between APs)
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 6 of 101
PRELIMINARY
■
IEEE 802.11k — Resource Management
■
IEEE 802.11w — Secure Management Frames
■
IEEE 802.11 Extensions:
■
IEEE 802.11e QoS Enhancements (as per the WMM® specification is already supported)
■
IEEE 802.11i MAC Enhancements
■
IEEE 802.11r Fast Roaming Support
■
IEEE 802.11k Radio Resource Measurement
CYW43438
The CYW43438 supports the following security features and proprietary protocols:
■
Security:
❐ WEP
™
❐ WPA Personal
™
❐ WPA2 Personal
❐ WMM
❐ WMM-PS (U-APSD)
❐ WMM-SA
❐ WAPI
❐ AES (Hardware Accelerator)
❐ TKIP (host-computed)
❐ CKIP (SW Support)
■
Proprietary Protocols:
❐ CCXv2
❐ CCXv3
❐ CCXv4
❐ CCXv5
■
IEEE 802.15.2 Coexistence Compliance — on silicon solution compliant with IEEE 3-wire requirements.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 7 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
2. Power Supplies and Power Management
2.1 Power Supply Topology
One Buck regulator, multiple LDO regulators, and a power management unit (PMU) are integrated into the CYW43438. All regulators
are programmable via the PMU. These blocks simplify power supply design for Bluetooth, WLAN, and FM functions in embedded
designs.
A single VBAT (3.0V to 4.8V DC maximum) and VDDIO supply (1.8V to 3.3V) can be used, with all additional voltages being provided
by the regulators in the CYW43438.
Two control signals, BT_REG_ON and WL_REG_ON, are used to power up the regulators and take the respective circuit blocks out
of reset. The CBUCK CLDO and LNLDO power up when any of the reset signals are deasserted. All regulators are powered down
only when both BT_REG_ON and WL_REG_ON are deasserted. The CLDO and LNLDO can be turned on and off based on the
dynamic demands of the digital baseband.
The CYW43438 allows for an extremely low power-consumption mode by completely shutting down the CBUCK, CLDO, and LNLDO
regulators. When in this state, LPLDO1 provides the CYW43438 with all required voltage, further reducing leakage currents.
Note: VBAT should be connected to the LDO_VDDBAT5V and SR_VDDBAT5V pins of the device.
Note: VDDIO should be connected to the WCC_VDDIO pin of the device.
2.2 CYW43438 PMU Features
The PMU supports the following:
■
VBAT to 1.35Vout (170 mA nominal, 370 mA maximum) Core-Buck (CBUCK) switching regulator
■
VBAT to 3.3Vout (250 mA nominal, 450 mA maximum 800 mA peak maximum) LDO3P3
■
1.35V to 1.2Vout (100 mA nominal, 150 mA maximum) LNLDO
■
1.35V to 1.2Vout (80 mA nominal, 200 mA maximum) CLDO with bypass mode for deep sleep
■
Additional internal LDOs (not externally accessible)
■
PMU internal timer auto-calibration by the crystal clock for precise wake-up timing from extremely low power-consumption mode.
Figure 3 and Figure 4 show the typical power topology of the CYW43438.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 8 of 101
CYW43438
PRELIMINARY
Figure 3. Typical Power Topology (1 of 2)
SR_VDDBAT5V
VBAT
Mini PMU
CYW43438
1.2V
VBAT:
Operational:
3.0—4.8V
Performance:
3.0—4.8V
Absolute Maximum: 5.5V
VDDIO
Operational:
1.8—3.3V
Core Buck
Int_SR_VBAT
Regulator
Peak: 370 mA
Avg: 170 mA
(320 mA)
VDD1P35
Internal VCOLDO
80 mA (NMOS)
1.2V
WL RF—LOGEN
Internal RXLDO
10 mA (NMOS)
1.2V
WL RF—RX LNA
Internal ADCLDO
10 mA (NMOS)
1.2V
WL RF—ADC REF
Internal TXLDO
80 mA (PMOS)
1.2V
WL RF—TX
Internal AFELDO
80 mA (NMOS)
1.2V
1.35V
SR_VLX
LDO_VDD_1P5
SR_VBAT5V
VBAT
SR_PVSS
WL RF—AFE and TIA
Mini PMU is placed
in WL radio
2.2 uH
0603
SW1
GND
WL RF—TX Mixer and PA
(not all versions)
4.7 uF
0402
LNLDO
(100 mA)
1.2V
600 @
100 MHz
WL RF—XTAL
FM_RF_VDD
VOUT_LNLDO
2.2 uF
0402
PMU_VSS
WLRF_XTAL_
VDD1P2
FM LNA, Mixer, TIA, VCO
BTFM_PLL_VDD 6.4 mA
BT_IF_VDD
WCC_VDDIO
LPLDO1
(5 mA)
(40 mA)
4.6 mA
0.1 uF
0201
BT_VCO_VDD
WCC_VDDIO
10 mA average,
> 10 mA at start‐up
WL RF—RFPLL PFD and MMD
FM PLL, LOGEN, Audio DAC/BT PLL
BT LNA, Mixer, VCO
BT ADC, Filter
1.1V
WLAN/BT/CLB/Top, Always On
VDDC1
1.3V, 1.2V,
CL LDO
or 0.95V
Peak: 200 mA (AVS)
Avg: 80 mA
(Bypass in deep‐
VOUT_CLDO
sleep)
WL_REG_ON
BT_REG_ON
WL OTP
VDDC2
2.2 uF
0402
o_wl_resetb
o_bt_resetb
Supply ball
WL Digital and PHY
WL VDDM (SROMs & AOS)
Supply bump/pad
Power switch
BT VDDM
Ground ball
Ground bump/pad
No power switch
BT/WLAN reset
balls
External to chip
No dedicated power switch, but internal power‐
down modes and block‐specific power switches
Document No. Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
BT Digital
Page 9 of 108
CYW43438
PRELIMINARY
Figure 4. Typical Power Topology (2 of 2)
CYW43438
1.8V, 2.5V, and 3.3V
VBAT
LDO_
VDDBAT5V
6.4 mA
WL BBPLL/DFLL
WL OTP 3.3V
LDO3P3 with
Back‐Power
VOUT_3P3
Protection
4.7 uF
(Peak 450‐800 mA
200 mA Average) 3.3V
0402
WLRF_PA_VDD
480 to 800 mA
WL RF—PA (2.4 GHz)
1 uF
0201
2.5V Cap‐less
LNLDO
(10 mA)
22
ohm
6.4 mA
WL RF—ADC, AFE, LOGEN,
LNA, NMOS Mini‐PMU LDOs
Placed inside WL Radio
BT_PAVDD
Peak: 70 mA
Average: 15 mA
BT Class 1 PA
1 uF
0201
Power switch
External to chip
No power switch
Supply ball
No dedicated power switch, but internal power‐
down modes and block‐specific power switches
Document No. Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 10 of 108
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
2.3 WLAN Power Management
The CYW43438 has been designed with the stringent power consumption requirements of mobile devices in mind. All areas of the chip design are optimized to minimize
power consumption. Silicon processes and cell libraries were chosen to reduce leakage current and supply voltages. Additionally, the CYW43438 integrated RAM is a high
volatile memory with dynamic clock control. The dominant supply current consumed by the RAM is leakage current only. Additionally, the CYW43438 includes an advanced
WLAN power management unit (PMU) sequencer. The PMU sequencer provides significant power savings by putting the CYW43438 into various power management states
appropriate to the operating environment and the activities that are being performed. The power management unit enables and disables internal regulators, switches, and
other blocks based on a computation of the required resources and a table that describes the relationship between resources and the time needed to enable and disable
them. Power-up sequences are fully programmable. Configurable, free-running counters (running at the 32.768 kHz LPO clock) in the PMU sequencer are used to turn on/
turn off individual regulators and power switches. Clock speeds are dynamically changed (or gated altogether) for the current mode. Slower clock speeds are used wherever
possible.
The CYW43438 WLAN power states are described as follows:
■
Active mode— All WLAN blocks in the CYW43438 are powered up and fully functional with active carrier sensing and frame transmission and receiving. All required
regulators are enabled and put in the most efficient mode based on the load current. Clock speeds are dynamically adjusted by the PMU sequencer.
■
Doze mode—The radio, analog domains, and most of the linear regulators are powered down. The rest of the CYW43438 remains powered up in an IDLE state. All
main clocks (PLL, crystal oscillator) are shut down to reduce active power to the minimum. The 32.768 kHz LPO clock is available only for the PMU sequencer. This
condition is necessary to allow the PMU sequencer to wake up the chip and transition to Active mode. In Doze mode, the primary power consumed is due to leakage current.
■
Deep-sleep mode—Most of the chip, including analog and digital domains, and most of the regulators are powered off. Logic states in the digital core are saved
and preserved to retention memory in the always-on domain before the digital core is powered off. To avoid lengthy hardware reinitialization, the logic states in the
digital core are restored to their pre-deep-sleep settings when a wake-up event is triggered by an external interrupt, a host resume through the SDIO bus, or by the
PMU timers.
■
Power-down mode—The CYW43438 is effectively powered off by shutting down all internal regulators. The chip is brought out of this mode by external logic reenabling the internal regulators.
2.4 PMU Sequencing
The PMU sequencer is used to minimize system power consumption. It enables and disables various system resources based on a computation of required resources and
a table that describes the relationship between resources and the time required to enable and disable them.
Resource requests can derive from several sources: clock requests from cores, the minimum resources defined in the ResourceMin register, and the resources requested by
any active resource request timers. The PMU sequencer maps clock requests into a set of resources required to produce the requested clocks.
Each resource is in one of the following four states:
■
enabled
■
disabled
■
transition_on
■
transition_off
Document No. Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 11 of 108
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
The timer value is 0 when the resource is enabled or disabled and nonzero during state transition. The timer is loaded with the time_on
or time_off value of the resource when the PMU determines that the resource must be enabled or disabled. That timer decrements
on each 32.768 kHz PMU clock. When it reaches 0, the state changes from transition_off to disabled or transition_on to enabled. If
the time_on value is 0, the resource can transition immediately from disabled to enabled. Similarly, a time_off value of 0 indicates that
the resource can transition immediately from enabled to disabled. The terms enable sequence and disable sequence refer to either
the immediate transition or the timer load-decrement sequence.
During each clock cycle, the PMU sequencer performs the following actions:
■
Computes the required resource set based on requests and the resource dependency table.
■
Decrements all timers whose values are nonzero. If a timer reaches 0, the PMU clears the ResourcePending bit for the resource
and inverts the ResourceState bit.
■
Compares the request with the current resource status and determines which resources must be enabled or disabled.
■
Initiates a disable sequence for each resource that is enabled, no longer being requested, and has no powered-up dependents.
■
Initiates an enable sequence for each resource that is disabled, is being requested, and has all of its dependencies enabled.
2.5 Power-Off Shutdown
The CYW43438 provides a low-power shutdown feature that allows the device to be turned off while the host, and any other devices
in the system, remain operational. When the CYW43438 is not needed in the system, VDDIO_RF and VDDC are shut down while
VDDIO remains powered. This allows the CYW43438 to be effectively off while keeping the I/O pins powered so that they do not draw
extra current from any other devices connected to the I/O.
During a low-power shutdown state, provided VDDIO remains applied to the CYW43438, all outputs are tristated, and most input
signals are disabled. Input voltages must remain within the limits defined for normal operation. This is done to prevent current paths
or create loading on any digital signals in the system, and enables the CYW43438 to be fully integrated in an embedded device and
to take full advantage of the lowest power-savings modes.
When the CYW43438 is powered on from this state, it is the same as a normal power-up, and the device does not retain any
information about its state from before it was powered down.
2.6 Power-Up/Power-Down/Reset Circuits
The CYW43438 has two signals (see Table 2) that enable or disable the Bluetooth and WLAN circuits and the internal regulator blocks,
allowing the host to control power consumption. For timing diagrams of these signals and the required power-up sequences, see
Section 22.: “Power-Up Sequence and Timing” .
Table 2. Power-Up/Power-Down/Reset Control Signals
Signal
Description
WL_REG_ON
This signal is used by the PMU (with BT_REG_ON) to power-up the WLAN section. It is also OR-gated with the
BT_REG_ON input to control the internal CYW43438 regulators. When this pin is high, the regulators are enabled
and the WLAN section is out of reset. When this pin is low, the WLAN section is in reset. If BT_REG_ON and
WL_REG_ON are both low, the regulators are disabled. This pin has an internal 200 k pull-down resistor that
is enabled by default. It can be disabled through programming.
BT_REG_ON
This signal is used by the PMU (with WL_REG_ON) to decide whether or not to power down the internal
CYW43438 regulators. If BT_REG_ON and WL_REG_ON are low, the regulators will be disabled. This pin has
an internal 200 k pull-down resistor that is enabled by default. It can be disabled through programming.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 12 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
3. Frequency References
An external crystal is used for generating all radio frequencies and normal operation clocking. As an alternative, an external frequency
reference driven by a temperature-compensated crystal oscillator (TCXO) signal may be used. No software settings are required to
differentiate between the two. In addition, a low-power oscillator (LPO) is provided for lower power mode timing.
3.1 Crystal Interface and Clock Generation
The CYW43438 can use an external crystal to provide a frequency reference. The recommended configuration for the crystal oscillator,
including all external components, is shown in Figure 5. Consult the reference schematics for the latest configuration.
Figure 5. Recommended Oscillator Configuration
C
WLRF_XTAL_XOP
12 – 27 pF
C
WLRF_XTAL_XON
12 – 27 pF
R
Note: Resistor value determined by crystal drive level.
See reference schematics for details.
The CYW43438 uses a fractional-N synthesizer to generate the radio frequencies, clocks, and data/packet timing so that it can operate
using numerous frequency references. The frequency reference can be an external source such as a TCXO or a crystal interfaced
directly to the CYW43438.
The default frequency reference setting is a 37.4 MHz crystal or TCXO. The signal requirements and characteristics for the crystal
interface are shown in Table 3.
Note: Although the fractional-N synthesizer can support many reference frequencies, frequencies other than the default require
support to be added in the driver, plus additional extensive system testing. Contact Broadcom for further details.
3.2 TCXO
As an alternative to a crystal, an external precision TCXO can be used as the frequency reference, provided that it meets the phase
noise requirements listed in Table 3.
If the TCXO is dedicated to driving the CYW43438, it should be connected to the WLRF_XTAL_XOP pin through an external capacitor
with value ranges from 200 pF to 1000 pF as shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6. Recommended Circuit to Use with an External Dedicated TCXO
200 pF – 1000 pF
TCXO
WLRF_XTAL_XOP
NC
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
WLRF_XTAL_XON
Page 13 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Table 3. Crystal Oscillator and External Clock Requirements and Performance
Parameter
External Frequency Reference
Crystal
Conditions/Notes
Min.
Typ.
1
Max.
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Units
–
–
–
–
MHz
Frequency
–
–
37.4
Crystal load capacitance
–
–
12
–
–
–
–
pF
ESR
–
–
–
60
–
–
–
Ω
Drive level
External crystal must be able to
tolerate this drive level.
200
–
–
–
–
–
μW
Resistive
–
–
–
10k
100k
–
Ω
Capacitive
–
–
–
–
–
7
pF
Input Impedance (WLRF_XTAL_XOP)
2
WLRF_XTAL_XOP input voltage AC-coupled analog signal
–
–
–
400
–
1260
mVp-p
WLRF_XTAL_XOP input low
level
DC-coupled digital signal
–
–
–
0
–
0.2
V
WLRF_XTAL_XOP input high
level
DC-coupled digital signal
–
–
–
1.0
–
1.26
V
Frequency tolerance
Initial + over temperature
–
–20
–
20
–20
–
20
ppm
Duty cycle
37.4 MHz clock
–
–
–
40
50
60
%
Phase Noise3, 4, 5
(IEEE 802.11 b/g)
37.4 MHz clock at 10 kHz offset
–
–
–
–
–
–129
dBc/Hz
37.4 MHz clock at 100 kHz offset
–
–
–
–
–
–136
dBc/Hz
3, 4, 5
Phase Noise
(IEEE 802.11n, 2.4 GHz)
37.4 MHz clock at 10 kHz offset
–
–
–
–
–
–134
dBc/Hz
37.4 MHz clock at 100 kHz offset
–
–
–
–
–
–141
dBc/Hz
Phase Noise3, 4, 5
(256-QAM)
37.4 MHz clock at 10 kHz offset
–
–
–
–
–
–140
dBc/Hz
37.4 MHz clock at 100 kHz offset
–
–
–
–
–
–147
dBc/Hz
1. The frequency step size is approximately 80 Hz. The CYW43438 does not auto-detect the reference clock frequency; the frequency is
specified in the software and/or NVRAM file.
2. To use 256-QAM, a 800 mV minimum voltage is required.
3. For a clock reference other than 37.4 MHz, 20 × log10(f/37.4) dB should be added to the limits, where f = the reference clock frequency in
MHz.
4. Phase noise is assumed flat above 100 kHz.
5. The CYW43438 supports a 26 MHz reference clock sharing option. See the phase noise requirement in the table.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 14 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
3.3 External 32.768 kHz Low-Power Oscillator
The CYW43438 uses a secondary low-frequency sleep clock for low-power mode timing. Either the internal low-precision LPO or an
external 32.768 kHz precision oscillator is required. The internal LPO frequency range is approximately 33 kHz ± 30% over process,
voltage, and temperature, which is adequate for some applications. However, one trade-off caused by this wide LPO tolerance is a
small current consumption increase during power save mode that is incurred by the need to wake up earlier to avoid missing beacons.
Whenever possible, the preferred approach is to use a precision external 32.768 kHz clock that meets the requirements listed in
Table 4.
Note: The CYW43438 will auto-detect the LPO clock. If it senses a clock on the EXT_SLEEP_CLK pin, it will use that clock. If it
doesn't sense a clock, it will use its own internal LPO.
■
To use the internal LPO: Tie EXT_SLEEP_CLK to ground. Do not leave this pin floating.
■
To use an external LPO: Connect the external 32.768 kHz clock to EXT_SLEEP_CLK.
Table 4. External 32.768 kHz Sleep-Clock Specifications
Parameter
Nominal input frequency
Frequency accuracy
Duty cycle
Input signal amplitude
Signal type
Input impedance1
Clock jitter
LPO Clock
Units
32.768
kHz
±200
ppm
30–70
%
200–3300
mV, p-p
Square wave or sine wave
–
>100
kΩ
<5
pF
<10,000
ppm
1. When power is applied or switched off.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 15 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
4. WLAN System Interfaces
4.1 SDIO v2.0
The CYW43438 WLAN section supports SDIO version 2.0. for both 1-bit (25 Mbps) and 4-bit modes (100 Mbps), as well as high speed
4-bit mode (50 MHz clocks—200 Mbps). It has the ability to map the interrupt signal on a GPIO pin. This out-of-band interrupt signal
notifies the host when the WLAN device wants to turn on the SDIO interface. The ability to force control of the gated clocks from within
the WLAN chip is also provided.
SDIO mode is enabled using the strapping option pins. See Table 18 for details.
Three functions are supported:
■
Function 0 standard SDIO function. The maximum block size is 32 bytes.
■
Function 1 backplane function to access the internal System-on-a-Chip (SoC) address space. The maximum block size is 64 bytes.
■
Function 2 WLAN function for efficient WLAN packet transfer through DMA. The maximum block size is 512 bytes.
4.1.1 SDIO Pin Descriptions
Table 5. SDIO Pin Descriptions
SD 4-Bit Mode
DATA0
Data line 0
DATA1
DATA2
SD 1-Bit Mode
gSPI Mode
DATA
Data line
DO
Data output
Data line 1 or Interrupt
IRQ
Interrupt
IRQ
Interrupt
Data line 2
NC
Not used
NC
Not used
DATA3
Data line 3
NC
Not used
CS
Card select
CLK
Clock
CLK
Clock
SCLK
Clock
CMD
Command line
CMD
Command line
DI
Data input
Figure 7. Signal Connections to SDIO Host (SD 4-Bit Mode)
CLK
CMD
SD Host
CYW43438
DAT[3:0]
Figure 8. Signal Connections to SDIO Host (SD 1-Bit Mode)
CLK
CMD
CYW43438
SD Host
DATA
IRQ
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 16 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
4.2 Generic SPI Mode
In addition to the full SDIO mode, the CYW43438 includes the option of using the simplified generic SPI (gSPI) interface/protocol.
Characteristics of the gSPI mode include:
■
Up to 50 MHz operation
■
Fixed delays for responses and data from the device
■
Alignment to host gSPI frames (16 or 32 bits)
■
Up to 2 KB frame size per transfer
■
Little-endian and big-endian configurations
■
A configurable active edge for shifting
■
Packet transfer through DMA for WLAN
gSPI mode is enabled using the strapping option pins. See Table 18 for details.
Figure 9. Signal Connections to SDIO Host (gSPI Mode)
SCLK
DI
DO
SD Host
CYW43438
IRQ
CS
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 17 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
4.2.1 SPI Protocol
The SPI protocol supports both 16-bit and 32-bit word operation. Byte endianess is supported in both modes. Figure 10 and Figure
11 show the basic write and write/read commands.
Figure 10. gSPI Write Protocol
Figure 11. gSPI Read Protocol
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 18 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Command Structure
The gSPI command structure is 32 bits. The bit positions and definitions are shown in Figure 12.
Figure 12. gSPI Command Structure
_SPID
I Command Structure
r
CYW_
31 30 29 28 27
C
A
F1 F0
11 10
Address – 17 bits
0
Packet length - 11bits *
* 11’h0 = 2048 bytes
ction No: 00 – Func 0:
0 All SPI-specific registers
Function
1 Registers and memories belonging to other blocks in the chip (64 bytes max)
01 – Func 1:
2 DMA channel 1. WLAN packets up to 2048 bytes.
10 – Func 2:
11 – Func 3
3: DMA channel 2 (optional). Packets up to 2048 bytes.
Access : 0 – Fixed address
1 – Incremental address
Command : 0 – Read
1 – Write
Write
The host puts the first bit of the data onto the bus half a clock-cycle before the first active edge following the CS going low. The following
bits are clocked out on the falling edge of the gSPI clock. The device samples the data on the active edge.
Write/Read
The host reads on the rising edge of the clock requiring data from the device to be made available before the first rising-clock edge
of the data. The last clock edge of the fixed delay word can be used to represent the first bit of the following data word. This allows
data to be ready for the first clock edge without relying on asynchronous delays.
Read
The read command always follows a separate write to set up the WLAN device for a read. This command differs from the write/read
command in the following respects: a) chip selects go high between the command/address and the data, and b) the time interval
between the command/address is not fixed.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 19 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Status
The gSPI interface supports status notification to the host after a read/write transaction. This status notification provides information
about packet errors, protocol errors, available packets in the RX queue, etc. The status information helps reduce the number of
interrupts to the host. The status-reporting feature can be switched off using a register bit, without any timing overhead. The gSPI bus
timing for read/write transactions with and without status notification are as shown in Figure 13 below and Figure 14. See Table 6 for
information on status-field details.
Figure 13. gSPI Signal Timing Without Status
Write
CS
SCLK
MOSI
C31
C31 C30
C30
C1
C1
C0
C0
D31
D31 D30
D30
Command 32 bits
Write-Read
D1
D1
D0
D0
Write Data 16*n bits
CS
SCLK
MOSI
C31
C31 C30
C30
C0
C0
MISO
D31
D31 D30
D30
Response
Delay
Command
32 bits
Read
D1
D1
D0
D0
Read Data 16*n bits
CS
SCLK
MOSI
C31
C31 C30
C30
C0
C0
D31
D31 D30
D30
MISO
Command
32 bits
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Response
Delay
D0
D0
Read Data
16*n bits
Page 20 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Figure 14. gSPI Signal Timing with Status (Response Delay = 0)
CS
W r it e
SCLK
CC3311
MOSI
CC11
CC00
DD3311
DD11
DD00
SS3311
M IS O
C o m m a n d 3 2 b its
W r it e - R e a d
W rite D a ta 1 6 * n b its
SS11
SS00
S ta tu s 3 2 b its
CS
SCLK
CC3311
MOSI
CC00
M IS O
DD3311
DD11
DD00
SS3311
R e a d D a ta 1 6 * n b its
C o m m a n d 3 2 b its
SS00
S ta tu s 3 2 b its
CS
R ead
SC LK
MOSI
CC3311
CC00
M IS O
DD3311
C o m m a n d 3 2 b its
DD11
DD00
SS3311
R e a d D a ta 1 6 * n b its
SS00
S ta tu s 3 2 b its
Table 6. gSPI Status Field Details
Bit
Name
Description
0
Data not available
The requested read data is not available.
1
Underflow
FIFO underflow occurred due to current (F2, F3) read command.
2
Overflow
FIFO overflow occurred due to current (F1, F2, F3) write command.
3
F2 interrupt
F2 channel interrupt.
5
F2 RX ready
F2 FIFO is ready to receive data (FIFO empty).
7
Reserved
–
8
F2 packet available
Packet is available/ready in F2 TX FIFO.
9:19
F2 packet length
Length of packet available in F2 FIFO
4.2.2 gSPI Host-Device Handshake
To initiate communication through the gSPI after power-up, the host needs to bring up the WLAN chip by writing to the wake-up WLAN
register bit. Writing a 1 to this bit will start up the necessary crystals and PLLs so that the CYW43438 is ready for data transfer. The
device can signal an interrupt to the host indicating that the device is awake and ready. This procedure also needs to be followed for
waking up the device in sleep mode. The device can interrupt the host using the WLAN IRQ line whenever it has any information to
pass to the host. On getting an interrupt, the host needs to read the interrupt and/or status register to determine the cause of the
interrupt and then take necessary actions.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 21 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
4.2.3 Boot-Up Sequence
After power-up, the gSPI host needs to wait 50 ms for the device to be out of reset. For this, the host needs to poll with a read command
to F0 address 0x14. Address 0x14 contains a predefined bit pattern. As soon as the host gets a response back with the correct register
content, it implies that the device has powered up and is out of reset. After that, the host needs to set the wake-up WLAN bit (F0 reg
0x00 bit 7). Wake-up WLAN turns the PLL on; however, the PLL doesn't lock until the host programs the PLL registers to set the crystal
frequency.
For the first time after power-up, the host needs to wait for the availability of the low-power clock inside the device. Once it is available,
the host needs to write to a PMU register to set the crystal frequency. This will turn on the PLL. After the PLL is locked, the chipActive
interrupt is issued to the host. This indicates device awake/ready status. See Table 7 for information on gSPI registers.
In Table 7, the following notation is used for register access:
■
R: Readable from host and CPU
■
W: Writable from host
■
U: Writable from CPU
Table 7. gSPI Registers
Address
x0000
Register
Bit
Access
Default
Word length
0
R/W/U
0
0: 16-bit word length
1: 32-bit word length
Endianess
1
R/W/U
0
0: Little endian
1: Big endian
High-speed mode
4
R/W/U
1
0: Normal mode. Sample on SPICLK rising edge, output
on falling edge.
1: High-speed mode. Sample and output on rising edge
of SPICLK (default).
Interrupt polarity
5
R/W/U
1
0: Interrupt active polarity is low.
1: Interrupt active polarity is high (default).
Wake-up
7
R/W
0
A write of 1 denotes a wake-up command from host to
device. This will be followed by an F2 interrupt from the
gSPI device to host, indicating device awake status.
Status enable
0
R/W
1
0: No status sent to host after a read/write.
1: Status sent to host after a read/write.
Interrupt with status
1
R/W
0
0: Do not interrupt if status is sent.
1: Interrupt host even if status is sent.
Reserved
–
–
–
–
0
R/W
0
Requested data not available. Cleared by writing a 1 to
this location.
1
R
0
F2/F3 FIFO underflow from the last read.
2
R
0
F2/F3 FIFO overflow from the last write.
5
R
0
F2 packet available
6
R
0
F3 packet available
7
R
0
F1 overflow from the last write.
5
R
0
F1 Interrupt
6
R
0
F2 Interrupt
7
R
0
F3 Interrupt
15:0
R/W/U
16'hE0E7
Particular interrupt is enabled if a corresponding bit is
set.
31:0
R
32'h0000
Same as status bit definitions
x0002
x0003
x0004
x0005
x0006, x0007
Description
Interrupt register
Interrupt register
Interrupt enable
register
x0008 to x000B Status register
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 22 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Table 7. gSPI Registers (Cont.)
Address
x000C, x000D
x000E, x000F
x0014 to x0017
Register
F1 info. register
F2 info. register
Test-Read only
register
x0018 to x001B Test–R/W register
Response delay
x001C to x001F
registers
Bit
Access
Default
0
R
1
F1 enabled
1
R
0
F1 ready for data transfer
13:2
R/U
12'h40
F1 maximum packet size
0
R/U
1
F2 enabled
1
R
0
F2 ready for data transfer
15:2
R/U
14'h800
F2 maximum packet size
31:0
R
31:0
R/W/U
This is a dummy register where the host can write some
32'h000000
pattern and read it back to determine if the gSPI interface
00
is working properly.
R/W
Individual response delays for F0, F1, F2, and F3. The
0x1D = 4,
value of the registers is the number of byte delays that
other
are introduced before data is shifted out of the gSPI
registers = 0
interface during host reads.
7:0
Description
This register contains a predefined pattern, which the
32'hFEEDB
host can read to determine if the gSPI interface is
EAD
working properly.
Figure 15 shows the WLAN boot-up sequence from power-up to firmware download, including the initial device power-on reset (POR)
evoked by the WL_REG_ON signal. After initial power-up, the WL_REG_ON signal can be held low to disable the CYW43438 or
pulsed low to induce a subsequent reset.
Note: The CYW43438 has an internal power-on reset (POR) circuit. The device will be held in reset for a maximum of 3 ms after
VDDC and VDDIO have both passed the 0.6V threshold.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 23 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Figure 15. WLAN Boot-Up Sequence
Ramp time from 0V to 4.3V > 40 µs
0.6V
VBAT
VDDIO
> 2 Sleep Clock cycles
WL_REG_ON
< 1.5 ms
VDDC
(from internal PMU)
< 3 ms
Internal POR
< 50 ms
After a fixed delay following internal POR going high ,
the device responds to host F0 (address 0x14) reads.
Device requests a reference clock.
15
1
ms
SPI Host Interaction:
1
After 15 ms the reference clock
is assumed to be up. Access to
PLL registers is possible.
Host polls F0 (address 0x14) until it reads
a predefined pattern.
Host sets wake‐up‐wlan bit
1
and waits 15 ms , the
maximum time for
reference clock availability.
1
After 15 ms, the host
programs the PLL registers to
set the crystal frequency.
Chip‐active interrupt is asserted after the PLL locks.
WL_IRQ
Host downloads
code.
1
This wait time is programmable in sleep‐clock increments from 1 to 255 (30 us to 15 ms).
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 24 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
5. Wireless LAN MAC and PHY
5.1 MAC Features
The CYW43438 WLAN MAC supports features specified in the IEEE 802.11 base standard, and amended by IEEE 802.11n. The
salient features are listed below:
■
Transmission and reception of aggregated MPDUs (A-MPDU).
■
Support for power management schemes, including WMM power-save, power-save multipoll (PSMP) and multiphase PSMP
operation.
■
Support for immediate ACK and Block-ACK policies.
■
Interframe space timing support, including RIFS.
■
Support for RTS/CTS and CTS-to-self frame sequences for protecting frame exchanges.
■
Back-off counters in hardware for supporting multiple priorities as specified in the WMM specification.
■
Timing synchronization function (TSF), network allocation vector (NAV) maintenance, and target beacon transmission time (TBTT)
generation in hardware.
■
Hardware off-load for AES-CCMP, legacy WPA TKIP, legacy WEP ciphers, WAPI, and support for key management.
■
Support for coexistence with Bluetooth and other external radios.
■
Programmable independent basic service set (IBSS) or infrastructure basic service set functionality
■
Statistics counters for MIB support.
5.1.1 MAC Description
The CYW43438 WLAN MAC is designed to support high throughput operation with low-power consumption. It does so without
compromising on Bluetooth coexistence policies, thereby enabling optimal performance over both networks. In addition, several
power-saving modes that have been implemented allow the MAC to consume very little power while maintaining network-wide timing
synchronization. The architecture diagram of the MAC is shown in Figure 16.
Figure 16. WLAN MAC Architecture
Embedded CPU Interface
Host Registers, DMA Engines
TX‐FIFO
32 KB
PMQ
RX‐FIFO
10 KB
PSM
PSM
UCODE
Memory
IFS
Backoff, BTCX
WEP
WEP, TKIP, AES
TSF
SHM
BUS
IHR
NAV
BUS
TXE
TX A‐MPDU
EXT‐ IHR
MAC ‐
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
RXE
RX A‐MPDU
Shared Memory
6 KB
PHY Interface
Page 25 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
The following sections provide an overview of the important modules in the MAC.
PSM
The programmable state machine (PSM) is a microcoded engine that provides most of the low-level control to the hardware to
implement the IEEE 802.11 specification. It is a microcontroller that is highly optimized for flow-control operations, which are predominant in implementations of communication protocols. The instruction set and fundamental operations are simple and general, which
allows algorithms to be optimized until very late in the design process. It also allows for changes to the algorithms to track evolving
IEEE 802.11 specifications.
The PSM fetches instructions from the microcode memory. It uses the shared memory to obtain operands for instructions, as a data
store, and to exchange data between both the host and the MAC data pipeline (via the SHM bus). The PSM also uses a scratch-pad
memory (similar to a register bank) to store frequently accessed and temporary variables.
The PSM exercises fine-grained control over the hardware engines by programming internal hardware registers (IHR). These IHRs
are collocated with the hardware functions they control and are accessed by the PSM via the IHR bus.
The PSM fetches instructions from the microcode memory using an address determined by the program counter, an instruction literal,
or a program stack. For ALU operations, the operands are obtained from shared memory, scratch-pad memory, IHRs, or instruction
literals, and the results are written into the shared memory, scratch-pad memory, or IHRs.
There are two basic branch instructions: conditional branches and ALU-based branches. To better support the many decision points
in the IEEE 802.11 algorithms, branches can depend on either readily available signals from the hardware modules (branch condition
signals are available to the PSM without polling the IHRs) or on the results of ALU operations.
WEP
The wired equivalent privacy (WEP) engine encapsulates all the hardware accelerators to perform the encryption and decryption, as
well as the MIC computation and verification. The accelerators implement the following cipher algorithms: legacy WEP, WPA TKIP,
and WPA2 AES-CCMP.
Based on the frame type and association information, the PSM determines the appropriate cipher algorithm to be used. It supplies
the keys to the hardware engines from an on-chip key table. The WEP interfaces with the transmit engine (TXE) to encrypt and
compute the MIC on transmit frames and the receive engine (RXE) to decrypt and verify the MIC on receive frames. WAPI is also
supported.
TXE
The transmit engine (TXE) constitutes the transmit data path of the MAC. It coordinates the DMA engines to store the transmit frames
in the TXFIFO. It interfaces with WEP module to encrypt frames and transfers the frames across the MAC-PHY interface at the
appropriate time determined by the channel access mechanisms.
The data received from the DMA engines are stored in transmit FIFOs. The MAC supports multiple logical queues to support traffic
streams that have different QoS priority requirements. The PSM uses the channel access information from the IFS module to schedule
a queue from which the next frame is transmitted. Once the frame is scheduled, the TXE hardware transmits the frame based on a
precise timing trigger received from the IFS module.
The TXE module also contains the hardware that allows the rapid assembly of MPDUs into an A-MPDU for transmission. The hardware
module aggregates the encrypted MPDUs by adding appropriate headers and pad delimiters as needed.
RXE
The receive engine (RXE) constitutes the receive data path of the MAC. It interfaces with the DMA engine to drain the received frames
from the RX FIFO. It transfers bytes across the MAC-PHY interface and interfaces with the WEP module to decrypt frames. The
decrypted data is stored in the RX FIFO.
The RXE module contains programmable filters that are programmed by the PSM to accept or filter frames based on several criteria
such as receiver address, BSSID, and certain frame types.
The RXE module also contains the hardware required to detect A-MPDUs, parse the headers of the containers, and disaggregate
them into component MPDUS.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 26 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
IFS
The IFS module contains the timers required to determine interframe space timing including RIFS timing. It also contains multiple
back-off engines required to support prioritized access to the medium as specified by WMM.
The interframe spacing timers are triggered by the cessation of channel activity on the medium, as indicated by the PHY. These timers
provide precise timing to the TXE to begin frame transmission. The TXE uses this information to send response frames or perform
transmit frame-bursting (RIFS or SIFS separated, as within a TXOP).
The back-off engines (for each access category) monitor channel activity, in each slot duration, to determine whether to continue or
pause the back-off counters. When the back-off counters reach 0, the TXE gets notified so that it may commence frame transmission.
In the event of multiple back-off counters decrementing to 0 at the same time, the hardware resolves the conflict based on policies
provided by the PSM.
The IFS module also incorporates hardware that allows the MAC to enter a low-power state when operating under the IEEE powersaving mode. In this mode, the MAC is in a suspended state with its clock turned off. A sleep timer, whose count value is initialized
by the PSM, runs on a slow clock and determines the duration over which the MAC remains in this suspended state. Once the timer
expires, the MAC is restored to its functional state. The PSM updates the TSF timer based on the sleep duration, ensuring that the
TSF is synchronized to the network.
The IFS module also contains the PTA hardware that assists the PSM in Bluetooth coexistence functions.
TSF
The timing synchronization function (TSF) module maintains the TSF timer of the MAC. It also maintains the target beacon transmission time (TBTT). The TSF timer hardware, under the control of the PSM, is capable of adopting timestamps received from beacon
and probe response frames in order to maintain synchronization with the network.
The TSF module also generates trigger signals for events that are specified as offsets from the TSF timer, such as uplink and downlink
transmission times used in PSMP.
NAV
The network allocation vector (NAV) timer module is responsible for maintaining the NAV information conveyed through the duration
field of MAC frames. This ensures that the MAC complies with the protection mechanisms specified in the standard.
The hardware, under the control of the PSM, maintains the NAV timer and updates the timer appropriately based on received frames.
This timing information is provided to the IFS module, which uses it as a virtual carrier-sense indication.
MAC-PHY Interface
The MAC-PHY interface consists of a data path interface to exchange RX/TX data from/to the PHY. In addition, there is a programming
interface, which can be controlled either by the host or the PSM to configure and control the PHY.
5.2 PHY Description
The CYW43438 WLAN digital PHY is designed to comply with IEEE 802.11b/g/n single stream to provide wireless LAN connectivity
supporting data rates from 1 Mbps to 96 Mbps for low-power, high-performance handheld applications.
The PHY has been designed to meet specification requirements in the presence of interference, radio nonlinearity, and impairments.
It incorporates efficient implementations of the filters, FFT, and Viterbi decoder algorithms. Efficient algorithms have been designed
to achieve maximum throughput and reliability, including algorithms for carrier sense/rejection, frequency/phase/timing acquisition
and tracking, and channel estimation and tracking. The PHY receiver also contains a robust IEEE 802.11b demodulator. The PHY
carrier sense has been tuned to provide high throughput for IEEE 802.11g/IEEE 802.11b hybrid networks with Bluetooth coexistence.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 27 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
5.2.1 PHY Features
■
Supports the IEEE 802.11b/g/n single-stream standards.
■
Explicit IEEE 802.11n transmit beamforming.
■
Supports optional Greenfield mode in TX and RX.
■
Tx and Rx LDPC for improved range and power efficiency.
■
Supports IEEE 802.11h/d for worldwide operation.
■
Algorithms achieving low power, enhanced sensitivity, range, and reliability.
■
Algorithms to maximize throughput performance in the presence of Bluetooth signals.
■
Automatic gain control scheme for blocking and nonblocking application scenarios for cellular applications.
■
Closed-loop transmit power control.
■
Designed to meet FCC and other regulatory requirements.
■
Support for 2.4 GHz Broadcom TurboQAM data rates and 20 MHz channel bandwidth.
Figure 17. WLAN PHY Block Diagram
Filters
and
Radio
Comp
AFE
and
Radio
Radio
Control
Block
CCK/DSSS
Demodulate
Frequency
and Timing
Synch
Carrier Sense,
AGC, and Rx
FSM
Tx FSM
OFDM
Demodulate
Buffers
Viterbi
Decoder
Descramble
and
Deframe
MAC
Interface
FFT/IFFT
Modulation
and Coding
Frame and
Scramble
Filters and
Radio Comp
PA Comp
Modulate/
Spread
COEX
The PHY is capable of fully calibrating the RF front-end to extract the highest performance. On power-up, the PHY performs a full
calibration suite to correct for IQ mismatch and local oscillator leakage. The PHY also performs periodic calibration to compensate
for any temperature related drift, thus maintaining high-performance over time. A closed-loop transmit control algorithm maintains the
output power at its required level and can control TX power on a per-packet basis.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 28 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
6. WLAN Radio Subsystem
The CYW43438 includes an integrated WLAN RF transceiver that has been optimized for use in 2.4 GHz Wireless LAN systems. It
is designed to provide low power, low cost, and robust communications for applications operating in the globally available 2.4 GHz
unlicensed ISM band. The transmit and receive sections include all on-chip filtering, mixing, and gain control functions. Improvements
to the radio design include shared TX/RX baseband filters and high immunity to supply noise.
Figure 18 shows the radio functional block diagram.
Figure 18. Radio Functional Block Diagram
WL DAC
WL TXLPF
WL PA
WL DAC
WL PGA
WL TX G‐Mixer WL TXLPF
Voltage
Regulators
WLAN BB
4 ~ 6 nH
Recommend
Q = 40
WLRF_2G_RF
WL ADC
10 pF
WL RXLPF
WLRF_2G_eLG
SLNA
WL ADC
WL G‐LNA12
WL RX G‐Mixer WL RXLPF
WL ATX
WL ARX
WL GTX
WL GRX
Gm
BT LNA GM
CLB
WL LOGEN
WL PLL
Shared XO
BT RX
BT TX
BT LOGEN
BT PLL
LPO/Ext LPO/RCAL
BT ADC
BT RXLPF
BT ADC
BT LNA Load
BT PA
BT RX Mixer
BT RXLPF
BT BB
BT FM
BT DAC
BT DAC
BT TX Mixer
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
BT TXLPF
Page 29 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
6.1 Receive Path
The CYW43438 has a wide dynamic range, direct conversion receiver. It employs high-order on-chip channel filtering to ensure
reliable operation in the noisy 2.4 GHz ISM band.
6.2 Transmit Path
Baseband data is modulated and upconverted to the 2.4 GHz ISM band. A linear on-chip power amplifier is included, which is capable
of delivering high output powers while meeting IEEE 802.11b/g/n specifications without the need for an external PA. This PA is supplied
by an internal LDO that is directly supplied by VBAT, thereby eliminating the need for a separate PALDO. Closed-loop output power
control is integrated.
6.3 Calibration
The CYW43438 features dynamic on-chip calibration, eliminating process variation across components. This enables the CYW43438
to be used in high-volume applications because calibration routines are not required during manufacturing testing. These calibration
routines are performed periodically during normal radio operation. Automatic calibration examples include baseband filter calibration
for optimum transmit and receive performance and LOFT calibration for leakage reduction. In addition, I/Q calibration, R calibration,
and VCO calibration are performed on-chip.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 30 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
7. Bluetooth + FM Subsystem Overview
The Broadcom CYW43438 is a Bluetooth 4.1-compliant, baseband processor and 2.4 GHz transceiver with an integrated FM/RDS/
RBDS receiver. It features the highest level of integration and eliminates all critical external components, thus minimizing the footprint,
power consumption, and system cost of a Bluetooth plus FM radio solution.
The CYW43438 is the optimal solution for any Bluetooth voice and/or data application that also requires an FM radio receiver. The
Bluetooth subsystem presents a standard Host Controller Interface (HCI) via a high speed UART and PCM interface for audio. The
FM subsystem supports the HCI control interface as well as PCMand stereo analog interfaces. The CYW43438 incorporates all
Bluetooth 4.1 features including secure simple pairing, sniff subrating, and encryption pause and resume.
The CYW43438 Bluetooth radio transceiver provides enhanced radio performance to meet the most stringent mobile phone
temperature applications and the tightest integration into mobile handsets and portable devices. It is fully compatible with any of the
standard TCXO frequencies and provides full radio compatibility to operate simultaneously with GPS, WLAN, NFC, and cellular radios.
The Bluetooth transmitter also features a Class 1 power amplifier with Class 2 capability.
7.1 Features
Major Bluetooth features of the CYW43438 include:
■
Supports key features of upcoming Bluetooth standards
■
Fully supports Bluetooth Core Specification version 4.1 plus enhanced data rate (EDR) features:
❐ Adaptive Frequency Hopping (AFH)
❐ Quality of Service (QoS)
❐ Extended Synchronous Connections (eSCO)—voice connections
❐ Fast connect (interlaced page and inquiry scans)
❐ Secure Simple Pairing (SSP)
❐ Sniff Subrating (SSR)
❐ Encryption Pause Resume (EPR)
❐ Extended Inquiry Response (EIR)
❐ Link Supervision Timeout (LST)
■
UART baud rates up to 4 Mbps
■
Supports all Bluetooth 4.1 packet types
■
Supports maximum Bluetooth data rates over HCI UART
■
Multipoint operation with up to seven active slaves
❐ Maximum of seven simultaneous active ACL links
❐ Maximum of three simultaneous active SCO and eSCO connections with scatternet support
■
Trigger Beacon fast connect (TBFC)
■
Narrowband and wideband packet loss concealment
■
Scatternet operation with up to four active piconets with background scan and support for scatter mode
■
High-speed HCI UART transport support with low-power out-of-band BT_DEV_WAKE and BT_HOST_WAKE signaling (see “Host
Controller Power Management” )
■
Channel-quality driven data rate and packet type selection
■
Standard Bluetooth test modes
■
Extended radio and production test mode features
■
Full support for power savings modes
❐ Bluetooth clock request
❐ Bluetooth standard sniff
❐ Deep-sleep modes and software regulator shutdown
■
TCXO input and auto-detection of all standard handset clock frequencies. Also supports a low-power crystal, which can be used
during power save mode for better timing accuracy.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 31 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Major FM Radio features include:
■
65 MHz to 108 MHz FM bands supported (US, Europe, and Japan)
■
FM subsystem control using the Bluetooth HCI interface
■
FM subsystem operates from reference clock inputs.
■
Improved audio interface capabilities with full-featured bidirectional PCM and stereo analog output.
FM Receiver-Specific Features Include:
■
Excellent FM radio performance with 1 μV sensitivity for 26 dB (S+N)/N
■
Signal-dependent stereo/mono blending
■
Signal dependent soft mute
■
Auto search and tuning modes
■
Audio silence detection
■
RSSI and IF frequency status indicators
■
RDS and RBDS demodulator and decoder with filter and buffering functions
■
Automatic frequency jump
7.2 Bluetooth Radio
The CYW43438 has an integrated radio transceiver that has been optimized for use in 2.4 GHz Bluetooth wireless systems. It has
been designed to provide low-power, low-cost, robust communications for applications operating in the globally available 2.4 GHz
unlicensed ISM band. It is fully compliant with the Bluetooth Radio Specification and EDR specification and meets or exceeds the
requirements to provide the highest communication link quality of service.
7.2.1 Transmit
The CYW43438 features a fully integrated zero-IF transmitter. The baseband transmit data is GFSK-modulated in the modem block
and upconverted to the 2.4 GHz ISM band in the transmitter path. The transmitter path has signal filters, an I/Q upconverter, an output
power amplifier, and RF filters. The transmitter path also incorporates /4–DQPSK for 2 Mbps and 8–DPSK for 3 Mbps to support
EDR. The transmitter section is compatible with the Bluetooth Low Energy specification. The transmitter PA bias can also be adjusted
to provide Bluetooth Class 1 or Class 2 operation.
7.2.2 Digital Modulator
The digital modulator performs the data modulation and filtering required for the GFSK, /4–DQPSK, and 8–DPSK signal. The fully
digital modulator minimizes any frequency drift or anomalies in the modulation characteristics of the transmitted signal and is much
more stable than direct VCO modulation schemes.
7.2.3 Digital Demodulator and Bit Synchronizer
The digital demodulator and bit synchronizer take the low-IF received signal and perform an optimal frequency tracking and bitsynchronization algorithm.
7.2.4 Power Amplifier
The fully integrated PA supports Class 1 or Class 2 output using a highly linearized, temperature-compensated design. This provides
greater flexibility in front-end matching and filtering. Due to the linear nature of the PA combined with some integrated filtering, external
filtering is required to meet the Bluetooth and regulatory harmonic and spurious requirements. For integrated mobile handset applications in which Bluetooth is integrated next to the cellular radio, external filtering can be applied to achieve near-thermal noise levels
for spurious and radiated noise emissions. The transmitter features a sophisticated on-chip transmit signal strength indicator (TSSI)
block to keep the absolute output power variation within a tight range across process, voltage, and temperature.
7.2.5 Receiver
The receiver path uses a low-IF scheme to downconvert the received signal for demodulation in the digital demodulator and bit
synchronizer. The receiver path provides a high degree of linearity, an extended dynamic range, and high-order on-chip channel
filtering to ensure reliable operation in the noisy 2.4 GHz ISM band. The front-end topology with built-in out-of-band attenuation
enables the CYW43438 to be used in most applications with minimal off-chip filtering. For integrated handset operation, in which the
Bluetooth function is integrated close to the cellular transmitter, external filtering is required to eliminate the desensitization of the
receiver by the cellular transmit signal.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 32 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
7.2.6 Digital Demodulator and Bit Synchronizer
The digital demodulator and bit synchronizer take the low-IF received signal and perform an optimal frequency tracking and bit
synchronization algorithm.
7.2.7 Receiver Signal Strength Indicator
The radio portion of the CYW43438 provides a Receiver Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) signal to the baseband so that the controller
can take part in a Bluetooth power-controlled link by providing a metric of its own receiver signal strength to determine whether the
transmitter should increase or decrease its output power.
7.2.8 Local Oscillator Generation
Local Oscillator (LO) generation provides fast frequency hopping (1600 hops/second) across the 79 maximum available channels.
The LO generation subblock employs an architecture for high immunity to LO pulling during PA operation. The CYW43438 uses an
internal RF and IF loop filter.
7.2.9 Calibration
The CYW43438 radio transceiver features an automated calibration scheme that is self contained in the radio. No user interaction is
required during normal operation or during manufacturing to optimize performance. Calibration optimizes the performance of all the
major blocks within the radio to within 2% of optimal conditions, including filter gain and phase characteristics, matching between key
components, and key gain blocks. This takes into account process variation and temperature variation. Calibration occurs transparently during normal operation during the settling time of the hops and calibrates for temperature variations as the device cools and
heats during normal operation in its environment.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 33 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
8. Bluetooth Baseband Core
The Bluetooth Baseband Core (BBC) implements all of the time-critical functions required for high-performance Bluetooth operation.
The BBC manages the buffering, segmentation, and routing of data for all connections. It also buffers data that passes through it,
handles data flow control, schedules SCO/ACL TX/RX transactions, monitors Bluetooth slot usage, optimally segments and packages
data into baseband packets, manages connection status indicators, and composes and decodes HCI packets. In addition to these
functions, it independently handles HCI event types and HCI command types.
The following transmit and receive functions are also implemented in the BBC hardware to increase the reliability and security of data
before sending and receiving it over the air:
■
Symbol timing recovery, data deframing, forward error correction (FEC), header error control (HEC), cyclic redundancy check (CRC),
data decryption, and data dewhitening in the receiver.
■
Data framing, FEC generation, HEC generation, CRC generation, key generation, data encryption, and data whitening in the
transmitter.
8.1 Bluetooth 4.1 Features
The BBC supports all Bluetooth 4.1 features, with the following benefits:
■
Dual-mode classic Bluetooth and classic Low Energy (BT and BLE) operation.
■
Low energy physical layer
■
Low energy link layer
■
Enhancements to HCI for low energy
■
Low energy direct test mode
128 AES-CCM secure connection for both BT and BLE
Note: The CYW43438 is compatible with the Bluetooth Low Energy operating mode, which provides a dramatic reduction in the power
consumption of the Bluetooth radio and baseband. The primary application for this mode is to provide support for low data rate
devices, such as sensors and remote controls.
■
8.2 Link Control Layer
The link control layer is part of the Bluetooth link control functions that are implemented in dedicated logic in the link control unit (LCU).
This layer contains the command controller that takes commands from the software, and other controllers that are activated or
configured by the command controller, to perform the link control tasks. Each task performs a different state in the Bluetooth link
controller.
■
Major states:
❐ Standby
❐ Connection
■
Substates:
❐ Page
❐ Page Scan
❐ Inquiry
❐ Inquiry Scan
❐ Sniff
❐ BLE Adv
❐ BLE Scan/Initiation
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 34 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
8.3 Test Mode Support
The CYW43438 fully supports Bluetooth Test mode as described in Part I:1 of the Specification of the Bluetooth System Version 3.0.
This includes the transmitter tests, normal and delayed loopback tests, and reduced hopping sequence.
In addition to the standard Bluetooth Test Mode, the CYW43438 also supports enhanced testing features to simplify RF debugging
and qualification as well as type-approval testing. These features include:
■
Fixed f8requency carrier-wave (unmodulated) transmission
❐ Simplifies some type-approval measurements (Japan)
❐ Aids in transmitter performance analysis
■
Fixed frequency constant receiver mode
❐ Receiver output directed to an I/O pin
❐ Allows for direct BER measurements using standard RF test equipment
❐ Facilitates spurious emissions testing for receive mode
■
Fixed frequency constant transmission
❐ Eight-bit fixed pattern or PRBS-9
❐ Enables modulated signal measurements with standard RF test equipment
8.4 Bluetooth Power Management Unit
The Bluetooth Power Management Unit (PMU) provides power management features that can be invoked by either software through
power management registers or packet handling in the baseband core. The power management functions provided by the CYW43438
are:
■
RF Power Management
■
Host Controller Power Management
■
BBC Power Management
■
FM Power Management
8.4.1 RF Power Management
The BBC generates power-down control signals for the transmit path, receive path, PLL, and power amplifier to the 2.4 GHz transceiver. The transceiver then processes the power-down functions accordingly.
8.4.2 Host Controller Power Management
When running in UART mode, the CYW43438 can be configured so that dedicated signals are used for power management
handshaking between the CYW43438 and the host. The basic power saving functions supported by those handshaking signals include
the standard Bluetooth defined power savings modes and standby modes of operation.
Table 8 describes the power-control handshake signals used with the UART interface.
Table 8. Power Control Pin Description
Signal
Type
Description
Bluetooth device wake-up signal: Signal from the host to the CYW43438 indicating that the host
requires attention.
BT_DEV_WAKE
I
Asserted: The Bluetooth device must wake up or remain awake.
Deasserted: The Bluetooth device may sleep when sleep criteria are met.
The polarity of this signal is software configurable and can be asserted high or low.
■
■
Host wake-up signal. Signal from the CYW43438 to the host indicating that the CYW43438
requires attention.
BT_HOST_WAKE
O
Asserted: Host device must wake up or remain awake.
Deasserted: Host device may sleep when sleep criteria are met.
The polarity of this signal is software configurable and can be asserted high or low.
■
■
CLK_REQ
O
The CYW43438 asserts CLK_REQ when Bluetooth or WLAN directs the host to turn on the
reference clock. The CLK_REQ polarity is active-high. Add an external 100 kΩ pull-down resistor
to ensure the signal is deasserted when the CYW43438 powers up or resets when VDDIO is
present.
Note: Pad function Control Register is set to 0 for these pins.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 35 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Figure 19. Startup Signaling Sequence
LPO
VDDIO
Host IOs unconfigured
Host IOs configured
HostResetX
T1
BT_GPIO_0
(BT_DEV_WAKE)
T2
BTH IOs unconfigured BTH IOs configured
BT_REG_ON
BT_GPIO_1
(BT_HOST_WAKE)
T3
Host side drives
this line low
BT_UART_CTS_N
T4
BT_UART_RTS_N
CLK_REQ_OUT
T5
BTH device drives this
line low indicating
transport is ready
Driven
Pulled
Notes :
T1 is the time for host to settle it’s IOs after a reset.
T2 is the time for host to drive BT_REG_ON high after the Host IOs are configured.
T3 is the time for BTH (Bluetooth) device to settle its IOs after a reset and reference clock settling time has
elapsed.
T4 is the time for BTH device to drive BT_UART_RTS_N low after the host drives BT_UART_CTS_N low. This
assumes the BTH device has already completed initialization.
T5 is the time for BTH device to drive CLK_REQ_OUT high after BT_REG_ON goes high. Note this pin is used for
designs that use an external reference clock source from the Host. This pin is irrelevant for Crystal reference
clock based designs where the BTH device generates it’s own reference clock from an external crystal connected
to it’s oscillator circuit.
Timing diagram assumes VBAT is present.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 36 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
8.4.3 BBC Power Management
The following are low-power operations for the BBC:
■
Physical layer packet-handling turns the RF on and off dynamically within transmit/receive packets.
■
Bluetooth-specified low-power connection modes: sniff and hold. While in these modes, the CYW43438 runs on the low-power
oscillator and wakes up after a predefined time period.
■
A low-power shutdown feature allows the device to be turned off while the host and any other devices in the system remain operational.
When the CYW43438 is not needed in the system, the RF and core supplies are shut down while the I/O remains powered. This
allows the CYW43438 to effectively be off while keeping the I/O pins powered, so they do not draw extra current from any other I/
O-connected devices.
During the low-power shut-down state, provided VDDIO remains applied to the CYW43438, all outputs are tristated, and most input
signals are disabled. Input voltages must remain within the limits defined for normal operation. This is done to prevent current paths
or create loading on digital signals in the system and enables the CYW43438 to be fully integrated in an embedded device to take full
advantage of the lowest power-saving modes.
Two CYW43438 input signals are designed to be high-impedance inputs that do not load the driving signal even if the chip does not
have VDDIO power supplied to it: the frequency reference input (WRF_TCXO_IN) and the 32.768 kHz input (LPO). When the
CYW43438 is powered on from this state, it is the same as a normal power-up, and the device does not contain any information about
its state from the time before it was powered down.
8.4.4 FM Power Management
The CYW43438 FM subsystem can operate independently of, or in tandem with, the Bluetooth RF and BBC subsystems. The FM
subsystem power management scheme operates in conjunction with the Bluetooth RF and BBC subsystems. The FM block does not
have a low power state, it is either on or off.
8.4.5 Wideband Speech
The CYW43438 provides support for wideband speech (WBS) technology. The CYW43438 can perform subband-codec (SBC), as
well as mSBC, encoding and decoding of linear 16 bits at 16 kHz (256 kbps rate) transferred over the PCM bus.
8.4.6 Packet Loss Concealment
Packet Loss Concealment (PLC) improves the apparent audio quality for systems with marginal link performance. Bluetooth messages
are sent in packets. When a packet is lost, it creates a gap in the received audio bit-stream. Packet loss can be mitigated in several
ways:
■
Fill in zeros.
■
Ramp down the output audio signal toward zero (this is the method used in current Bluetooth headsets).
■
Repeat the last frame (or packet) of the received bit-stream and decode it as usual (frame repeat).
These techniques cause distortion and popping in the audio stream. The CYW43438 uses a proprietary waveform extension algorithm
to provide dramatic improvement in the audio quality. Figure 20 and Figure 21 show audio waveforms with and without Packet Loss
Concealment. Broadcom PLC/BEC algorithms also support wideband speech.
Figure 20. CVSD Decoder Output Waveform Without PLC
Packet losses causes ramp-down
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 37 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Figure 21. CVSD Decoder Output Waveform After Applying PLC
8.4.7 Codec Encoding
The CYW43438 can support SBC and mSBC encoding and decoding for wideband speech.
8.4.8 Multiple Simultaneous A2DP Audio Streams
The CYW43438 has the ability to take a single audio stream and output it to multiple Bluetooth devices simultaneously. This allows a
user to share his or her music (or any audio stream) with a friend.
8.4.9 FM Over Bluetooth
FM Over Bluetooth enables the CYW43438 to stream data from FM over Bluetooth without requiring the host to be awake. This can
significantly extend battery life for usage cases where someone is listening to FM radio on a Bluetooth headset.
8.5 Adaptive Frequency Hopping
The CYW43438 gathers link quality statistics on a channel by channel basis to facilitate channel assessment and channel map
selection. The link quality is determined using both RF and baseband signal processing to provide a more accurate frequency-hop
map.
8.6 Advanced Bluetooth/WLAN Coexistence
The CYW43438 includes advanced coexistence technologies that are only possible with a Bluetooth/WLAN integrated die solution.
These coexistence technologies are targeted at small form-factor platforms, such as cell phones and media players, including applications such as VoWLAN + SCO and Video-over-WLAN + High Fidelity BT Stereo.
Support is provided for platforms that share a single antenna between Bluetooth and WLAN. Dual-antenna applications are also
supported. The CYW43438 radio architecture allows for lossless simultaneous Bluetooth and WLAN reception for shared antenna
applications. This is possible only via an integrated solution (shared LNA and joint AGC algorithm). It has superior performance versus
implementations that need to arbitrate between Bluetooth and WLAN reception.
The CYW43438 integrated solution enables MAC-layer signaling (firmware) and a greater degree of sharing via an enhanced coexistence interface. Information is exchanged between the Bluetooth and WLAN cores without host processor involvement.
The CYW43438 also supports Transmit Power Control (TPC) on the STA together with standard Bluetooth TPC to limit mutual
interference and receiver desensitization. Preemption mechanisms are utilized to prevent AP transmissions from colliding with
Bluetooth frames. Improved channel classification techniques have been implemented in Bluetooth for faster and more accurate
detection and elimination of interferers (including non-WLAN 2.4 GHz interference).
The Bluetooth AFH classification is also enhanced by the WLAN core’s channel information.
8.7 Fast Connection (Interlaced Page and Inquiry Scans)
The CYW43438 supports page scan and inquiry scan modes that significantly reduce the average inquiry response and connection
times. These scanning modes are compatible with the Bluetooth version 2.1 page and inquiry procedures.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 38 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
9. Microprocessor and Memory Unit for Bluetooth
The Bluetooth microprocessor core is based on the ARM Cortex-M3 32-bit RISC processor with embedded ICE-RT debug and JTAG
interface units. It runs software from the link control (LC) layer up to the host controller interface (HCI).
The ARM core is paired with a memory unit that contains 576 KB of ROM for program storage and boot ROM, and 160 KB of RAM
for data scratch-pad and patch RAM code. The internal ROM allows for flexibility during power-on reset (POR) to enable the same
device to be used in various configurations. At power-up, the lower-layer protocol stack is executed from the internal ROM memory.
External patches may be applied to the ROM-based firmware to provide flexibility for bug fixes or feature additions. These patches
may be downloaded from the host to the CYW43438 through the UART transports.
9.1 RAM, ROM, and Patch Memory
The CYW43438 Bluetooth core has 160 KB of internal RAM which is mapped between general purpose scratch-pad memory and
patch memory, and 576 KB of ROM used for the lower-layer protocol stack, test mode software, and boot ROM. The patch memory
is used for bug fixes and feature additions to ROM memory code.
9.2 Reset
The CYW43438 has an integrated power-on reset circuit that resets all circuits to a known power-on state. The BT POR circuit is out
of reset after BT_REG_ON goes high. If BT_REG_ON is low, then the POR circuit is held in reset.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 39 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
10. Bluetooth Peripheral Transport Unit
10.1 PCM Interface
The CYW43438 supports two independent PCM interfaces. The PCM interface on the CYW43438 can connect to linear PCM codec
devices in master or slave mode. In master mode, the CYW43438 generates the PCM_CLK and PCM_SYNC signals, and in slave
mode, these signals are provided by another master on the PCM interface and are inputs to the CYW43438. The configuration of the
PCM interface may be adjusted by the host through the use of vendor-specific HCI commands.
10.1.1 Slot Mapping
The CYW43438 supports up to three simultaneous full-duplex SCO or eSCO channels through the PCM interface. These three
channels are time-multiplexed onto the single PCM interface by using a time-slotting scheme where the 8 kHz or 16 kHz audio sample
interval is divided into as many as 16 slots. The number of slots is dependent on the selected interface rate of 128 kHz, 512 kHz, or
1024 kHz. The corresponding number of slots for these interface rates is 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16, respectively. Transmit and receive PCM
data from an SCO channel is always mapped to the same slot. The PCM data output driver tristates its output on unused slots to allow
other devices to share the same PCM interface signals. The data output driver tristates its output after the falling edge of the PCM
clock during the last bit of the slot.
10.1.2 Frame Synchronization
The CYW43438 supports both short- and long-frame synchronization in both master and slave modes. In short-frame synchronization
mode, the frame synchronization signal is an active-high pulse at the audio frame rate that is a single-bit period in width and is
synchronized to the rising edge of the bit clock. The PCM slave looks for a high on the falling edge of the bit clock and expects the
first bit of the first slot to start at the next rising edge of the clock. In long-frame synchronization mode, the frame synchronization
signal is again an active-high pulse at the audio frame rate; however, the duration is three bit periods and the pulse starts coincident
with the first bit of the first slot.
10.1.3 Data Formatting
The CYW43438 may be configured to generate and accept several different data formats. For conventional narrowband speech mode,
the CYW43438 uses 13 of the 16 bits in each PCM frame. The location and order of these 13 bits can be configured to support various
data formats on the PCM interface. The remaining three bits are ignored on the input and may be filled with 0’s, 1’s, a sign bit, or a
programmed value on the output. The default format is 13-bit 2’s complement data, left justified, and clocked MSB first.
10.1.4 Wideband Speech Support
When the host encodes Wideband Speech (WBS) packets in transparent mode, the encoded packets are transferred over the PCM
bus for an eSCO voice connection. In this mode, the PCM bus is typically configured in master mode for a 4 kHz sync rate with 16bit samples, resulting in a 64 kbps bit rate. The CYW43438 also supports slave transparent mode using a proprietary rate-matching
scheme. In SBC-code mode, linear 16-bit data at 16 kHz (256 kbps rate) is transferred over the PCM bus.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 40 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
10.1.5 Multiplexed Bluetooth and FM over PCM
In this mode of operation, the CYW43438 multiplexes both FM and Bluetooth audio PCM channels over the same interface, reducing
the number of required I/Os. This mode of operation is initiated through an HCI command from the host. The data stream format
contains three channels: a Bluetooth channel followed by two FM channels (audio left and right). In this mode of operation, the bus
data rate only supports 48 kHz operation per channel with 16 bits sent for each channel. To accomplish this, the Bluetooth data is
repeated six times for 8 kHz data and three times for 16 kHz data. An initial sync pulse on the PCM_SYNC line is used to indicate the
beginning of the frame.
To support multiple Bluetooth audio streams within the Bluetooth channel, both 16 kHz and 8 kHz streams can be multiplexed. This
mode of operation is only supported when the Bluetooth host is the master. Figure 22 shows the operation of the multiplexed transport
with three simultaneous SCO connections. To accommodate additional SCO channels, the transport clock speed is increased. To
change between modes of operation, the transport must be halted and restarted in the new configuration.
Figure 22. Functional Multiplex Data Diagram
1 Frame
BT SCO 1 RX
BT SCO 2 RX
BT SCO 3 RX
PCM_OUT
BT SCO 1 TX
BT SCO 2 TX
FM right
FM left
FM right
FM left
16 bits per frame
16 bits per frame
BT SCO 3 TX
PCM_IN
PCM_SYNC
CLK
PCM_CLK
16 bits per SCO frame
Each SCO channel duplicates the data 6 times.
Each WBS frame duplicates the data 3 times per frame.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 41 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
10.1.6 PCM Interface Timing
Short Frame Sync, Master Mode
Figure 23. PCM Timing Diagram (Short Frame Sync, Master Mode)
1
2
3
PCM_BCLK
4
PCM_SYNC
8
PCM_OUT
High Impedance
5
6
7
PCM_IN
Table 9. PCM Interface Timing Specifications (Short Frame Sync, Master Mode)
Ref No.
Characteristics
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
–
–
12
MHz
1
PCM bit clock frequency
2
PCM bit clock low
41
–
–
ns
3
PCM bit clock high
41
–
–
ns
4
PCM_SYNC delay
0
–
25
ns
5
PCM_OUT delay
0
–
25
ns
6
PCM_IN setup
8
–
–
ns
7
PCM_IN hold
8
–
–
ns
8
Delay from rising edge of PCM_BCLK during last bit period to
PCM_OUT becoming high impedance
0
–
25
ns
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 42 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Short Frame Sync, Slave Mode
Figure 24. PCM Timing Diagram (Short Frame Sync, Slave Mode)
1
2
3
PCM_BCLK
4
5
PCM_SYNC
9
PCM_OUT
High Impedance
6
8
7
PCM_IN
Table 10. PCM Interface Timing Specifications (Short Frame Sync, Slave Mode)
Ref No.
Characteristics
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
1
PCM bit clock frequency
–
–
12
MHz
2
PCM bit clock low
41
–
–
ns
3
PCM bit clock high
41
–
–
ns
4
PCM_SYNC setup
8
–
–
ns
5
PCM_SYNC hold
8
–
–
ns
6
PCM_OUT delay
0
–
25
ns
7
PCM_IN setup
8
–
–
ns
8
PCM_IN hold
8
–
–
ns
9
Delay from rising edge of PCM_BCLK during last bit period to
PCM_OUT becoming high impedance
0
–
25
ns
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 43 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Long Frame Sync, Master Mode
Figure 25. PCM Timing Diagram (Long Frame Sync, Master Mode)
1
2
3
PCM_BCLK
4
PCM_SYNC
8
PCM_OUT
Bit 0
Bit 1
Bit 0
Bit 1
High Impedance
5
7
6
PCM_IN
Table 11. PCM Interface Timing Specifications (Long Frame Sync, Master Mode)
Ref No.
Characteristics
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
1
PCM bit clock frequency
–
–
12
MHz
2
PCM bit clock low
41
–
–
ns
3
PCM bit clock high
41
–
–
ns
4
PCM_SYNC delay
0
–
25
ns
5
PCM_OUT delay
0
–
25
ns
6
PCM_IN setup
8
–
–
ns
7
PCM_IN hold
8
–
–
ns
8
Delay from rising edge of PCM_BCLK during last bit period to
PCM_OUT becoming high impedance
0
–
25
ns
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 44 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Long Frame Sync, Slave Mode
Figure 26. PCM Timing Diagram (Long Frame Sync, Slave Mode)
1
2
3
PCM_BCLK
4
5
PCM_SYNC
9
PCM_OUT
Bit 0
HIGH IMPEDANCE
Bit 1
6
7
Bit 0
PCM_IN
8
Bit 1
Table 12. PCM Interface Timing Specifications (Long Frame Sync, Slave Mode)
Ref No.
Characteristics
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
1
PCM bit clock frequency
–
–
12
MHz
2
PCM bit clock low
41
–
–
ns
3
PCM bit clock high
41
–
–
ns
4
PCM_SYNC setup
8
–
–
ns
5
PCM_SYNC hold
8
–
–
ns
6
PCM_OUT delay
0
–
25
ns
7
PCM_IN setup
8
–
–
ns
8
PCM_IN hold
8
–
–
ns
9
Delay from rising edge of PCM_BCLK during last bit period to
PCM_OUT becoming high impedance
0
–
25
ns
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 45 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
10.2 UART Interface
The CYW43438 shares a single UART for Bluetooth and FM. The UART is a standard 4-wire interface (RX, TX, RTS, and CTS) with
adjustable baud rates from 9600 bps to 4.0 Mbps. The interface features an automatic baud rate detection capability that returns a
baud rate selection. Alternatively, the baud rate may be selected through a vendor-specific UART HCI command.
The UART has a 1040-byte receive FIFO and a 1040-byte transmit FIFO to support EDR. Access to the FIFOs is conducted through
the Advanced High Performance Bus (AHB) interface through either DMA or the CPU. The UART supports the Bluetooth 4.1 UART
HCI specification: H4 and H5. The default baud rate is 115.2 Kbaud.
The UART supports the 3-wire H5 UART transport as described in the Bluetooth specification (Three-wire UART Transport Layer).
Compared to H4, the H5 UART transport reduces the number of signal lines required by eliminating the CTS and RTS signals.
The CYW43438 UART can perform XON/XOFF flow control and includes hardware support for the Serial Line Input Protocol (SLIP).
It can also perform a wake-on activity function. For example, activity on the RX or CTS inputs can wake the chip from a sleep state.
Normally, the UART baud rate is set by a configuration record downloaded after device reset or by automatic baud rate detection, and
the host does not need to adjust the baud rate. Support for changing the baud rate during normal HCI UART operation is included
through a vendor-specific command that allows the host to adjust the contents of the baud rate registers. The CYW43438 UARTs
operate correctly with the host UART as long as the combined baud rate error of the two devices is within ±2% (see Table 13).
Table 13. Example of Common Baud Rates
Desired Rate
Actual Rate
Error (%)
4000000
4000000
0.00
3692000
3692308
0.01
3000000
3000000
0.00
2000000
2000000
0.00
1500000
1500000
0.00
1444444
1454544
0.70
921600
923077
0.16
460800
461538
0.16
230400
230796
0.17
115200
115385
0.16
57600
57692
0.16
38400
38400
0.00
28800
28846
0.16
19200
19200
0.00
14400
14423
0.16
9600
9600
0.00
UART timing is defined in Figure 27 and Table 14.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 46 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Figure 27. UART Timing
UART_CTS_N
1
2
UART_TXD
Midpoint of STOP bit
Midpoint of STOP bit
UART_RXD
3
UART_RTS_N
Table 14. UART Timing Specifications
Ref No.
Characteristics
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
1
Delay time, UART_CTS_N low to UART_TXD valid
–
–
1.5
Bit periods
2
Setup time, UART_CTS_N high before midpoint
of stop bit
–
–
0.5
Bit periods
3
Delay time, midpoint of stop bit to UART_RTS_N high
–
–
0.5
Bit periods
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 47 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
11. FM Receiver Subsystem
11.1 FM Radio
The CYW43438 includes a completely integrated FM radio receiver with RDS/RBDS covering all FM bands from 65 MHz to 108 MHz.
The receiver is controlled through commands on the HCI. FM received audio is available as a stereo analog output or in digital form
through PCM. The FM radio operates from the external clock reference.
11.2 Digital FM Audio Interfaces
The FM audio can be transmitted via the PCM pins, and the sampling rate is programmable. The CYW43438 supports a three-wire
PCM interface in either a master or slave configuration. The master or slave configuration is selected using vendor specific commands
over the HCI interface. In addition, multiple sampling rates are supported, derived from either the FM or Bluetooth clocks. In master
mode, the clock rate is either of the following:
■
48 kHz x 32 bits per frame = 1.536 MHz
■
48 kHz x 50 bits per frame = 2.400 MHz
In slave mode, clock rates up to 3.072 MHz are supported.
11.3 Analog FM Audio Interfaces
The demodulated FM audio signal is available as line-level analog stereo output, generated by twin internal high SNR audio DACs.
11.4 FM Over Bluetooth
The CYW43438 can output received FM audio onto Bluetooth using one of following three links: eSCO, WBS, or A2DP. For all link
types, after a link has been established, the host processor can enter sleep mode while the CYW43438 streams FM audio to the
remote Bluetooth device, thus minimizing system current consumption.
11.5 eSCO
In this use case, the stereo FM audio is downsampled to 8 kHz and a mono or stereo stream is sent through the Bluetooth eSCO link
to a remote Bluetooth device, typically a headset. Two Bluetooth voice connections must be used to transport stereo.
11.6 Wideband Speech Link
In this case, the stereo FM audio is downsampled to 16 kHz and a mono or stereo stream is sent through the Bluetooth wideband
speech link to a remote Bluetooth device, typically a headset. Two Bluetooth voice connections must be used to transport stereo.
11.7 A2DP
In this case, the stereo FM audio is encoded by the on-chip SBC encoder and transported as an A2DP link to a remote Bluetooth
device. Sampling rates of 48 kHz, 44.1 kHz, and 32 kHz joint stereo are supported. An A2DP lite stack is implemented in the
CYW43438 to support this use case, which eliminates the need to route the SBC-encoded audio back to the host to create the A2DP
packets.
11.8 Autotune and Search Algorithms
The CYW43438 supports a number of FM search and tune functions, allowing the host to implement many convenient user functions
by accessing the Broadcom FM stack.
■
Tune to Play—Allows the FM receiver to be programmed to a specific frequency.
■
Search for SNR > Threshold—Checks the power level of the available channel and the estimated SNR of the channel to help
achieve precise control of the expected sound quality for the selected FM channel. Specifically, the host can adjust its SNR requirements to retrieve a signal with a specific sound quality, or adjust this to return the weakest channels.
■
Alternate Frequency Jump—Allows the FM receiver to automatically jump to an alternate FM channel that carries the same information, but has a better SNR. For example, when traveling, a user may pass through a region where a number of channels carry
the same station. When the user passes from one area to the next, the FM receiver can automatically switch to another channel
with a stronger signal to spare the user from having to manually change the channel to continue listening to the same station.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 48 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
11.9 Audio Features
A number of features are implemented in the CYW43438 to provide the best possible audio experience for the user.
■
Mono/Stereo Blend or Switch—The CYW43438 provides automatic control of the stereo or mono settings based on the FM signal
carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N). This feature is used to maintain the best possible audio SNR based on the FM channel condition. Two
modes of operation are supported:
❐ Blend: In this mode, fine control of stereo separation is used to achieve optimal audio quality over a wide range of input C/N. The
amount of separation is fully programmable. In Figure 28, the separation is programmed to maintain a minimum 50 dB SNR across
the blend range.
❐ Switch: In this mode, the audio switches from full stereo to full mono at a predetermined level to maintain optimal audio quality.
The stereo-to-mono switch point and the mono-to-stereo switch points are fully programmable to provide the desired amount of
audio SNR. In Figure 29, the switch point is programmed to switch to mono to maintain a 40 dB SNR.
Audio SNR (dB)
Figure 28. Blending and Switching Usage
In p u t C / N (d B )
Channel Separation (dB)
Figure 29. Blending and Switching Separation
Input C/N (dB)
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 49 of 101
PRELIMINARY
■
CYW43438
Soft Mute—Improves the user experience by dynamically muting the output audio proportionate to the FM signal C/N. This prevents
a blast of static to the user. The mute characteristic is fully programmable to accommodate fine tuning of the output signal level. An
example mute characteristic is shown in Figure 30.
Audio Gain (dB)
Figure 30. Soft Muting Characteristic
Input C/N (dB)
■
High Cut—A programmable high-cut filter is provided to reduce the amount of high-frequency noise caused by static in the output
audio signal. Like the soft mute circuit, it is fully programmable to provide any amount of high cut based on the FM signal C/N.
■
Audio Pause Detect—The FM receiver monitors the magnitude of the audio signal and notifies the host through an interrupt when
the magnitude of the signal has fallen below the threshold set for a programmable period. This feature can be used to provide
alternate frequency jumps during periods of silence to minimize disturbances to the listener. Filtering techniques are used within the
audio pause detection block to provide more robust presence-to-silence detection and silence-to-presence detection.
■
Automatic Antenna Tuning—The CYW43438 has an on-chip automatic antenna tuning network. When used with a single off-chip
inductor, the on-chip circuitry automatically chooses an optimal on-chip matching component to obtain the highest signal strength
for the desired frequency. The high-Q nature of this matching network simultaneously provides out-of-band blocking protection as
well as a reduction of radiated spurious emissions from the FM antenna. It is designed to accommodate a wide range of external
wire antennas.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 50 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
11.10 RDS/RBDS
The CYW43438 integrates a RDS/RBDS modem, the decoder includes programmable filtering and buffering functions. The RDS/
RBDS data can be read out through the HCI interface.
In addition, the RDS/RBDS receive functionality supports the following:
■
Block decoding, error correction, and synchronization
■
A flywheel synchronization feature, allowing the host to set parameters for acquisition, maintenance, and loss of sync. (It is possible
to set up the CYW43438 such that synchronization is achieved when a minimum of two good blocks (error free) are decoded in
sequence. The number of good blocks required for sync is programmable.)
■
Storage capability up to 126 blocks of RDS data
■
Full or partial block-B match detection with host interruption
■
Audio pause detection with programmable parameters
■
Program Identification (PI) code detection with host interruption
■
Automatic frequency jumping
■
Block-E filtering
■
Soft muting
■
Signal dependent mono/stereo blending
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 51 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
12. CPU and Global Functions
12.1 WLAN CPU and Memory Subsystem
The CYW43438 includes an integrated ARM Cortex-M3 processor with internal RAM and ROM. The ARM Cortex-M3 processor is a
low-power processor that features low gate count, low interrupt latency, and low-cost debugging. It is intended for deeply embedded
applications that require fast interrupt response features. The processor implements the ARM architecture v7-M with support for the
Thumb-2 instruction set. ARM Cortex-M3 provides a 30% performance gain over ARM7TDMI.
At 0.19 µW/MHz, the Cortex-M3 is the most power efficient general purpose microprocessor available, outperforming 8- and 16-bit
devices on MIPS/µW. It supports integrated sleep modes.
ARM Cortex-M3 uses multiple technologies to reduce cost through improved memory utilization, reduced pin overhead, and reduced
silicon area. ARM Cortex-M3 supports independent buses for code and data access (ICode/DCode and system buses). ARM CortexM3 supports extensive debug features including real-time tracing of program execution.
On-chip memory for the CPU includes 512 KB SRAM and 640 KB ROM.
12.2 One-Time Programmable Memory
Various hardware configuration parameters may be stored in an internal 4096-bit One-Time Programmable (OTP) memory, which is
read by system software after a device reset. In addition, customer-specific parameters, including the system vendor ID and the MAC
address, can be stored, depending on the specific board design.
The initial state of all bits in an unprogrammed OTP device is 0. After any bit is programmed to a 1, it cannot be reprogrammed to 0.
The entire OTP array can be programmed in a single write cycle using a utility provided with the Broadcom WLAN manufacturing test
tools. Alternatively, multiple write cycles can be used to selectively program specific bytes, but only bits which are still in the 0 state
can be altered during each programming cycle.
Prior to OTP memory programming, all values should be verified using the appropriate editable nvram.txt file, which is provided with
the reference board design package. Documentation on the OTP development process is available on the Broadcom customer
support portal (http://www.broadcom.com/support).
12.3 GPIO Interface
Five general purpose I/O (GPIO) pins are available on the CYW43438 that can be used to connect to various external devices.
GPIOs are tristated by default. Subsequently, they can be programmed to be either input or output pins via the GPIO control register.
They can also be programmed to have internal pull-up or pull-down resistors.
GPIO_0 is normally used as a WL_HOST_WAKE signal.
The CYW43438 supports a 2-wire coexistence configuration using GPIO_1 and GPIO_2.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 52 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
12.4 External Coexistence Interface
The CYW43438 supports a 2-wire coexistence interface to enable signaling between the device and an external colocated wireless
device in order to manage wireless medium sharing for optimal performance. The external colocated device can be any of the following
ICs: GPS, WiMAX, LTE, or UWB. An LTE IC is used in this section for illustration.
Figure 31 shows a 2-wire LTE coexistence example. The following definitions apply to the GPIOs in the figure:
■
GPIO_1: WLAN_SECI_TX output to an LTE IC.
■
GPIO_2: WLAN_SECI_RX input from an LTE IC.
Figure 31. 2-Wire Coexistence Interface to an LTE IC
WLAN
GPIO_1
WLAN_SECI_TX
GPIO_2
WLAN_SECI_RX
Coexistence
Interface
UART_IN
UART_OUT
BT/FM
CYW43438
LTE/IC
Notes:
 OR’ing to generate ISM_RX_PRIORITY for ERCX_TXCONF or BT_RX_PRIORITY is achieved by
setting the GPIO mask registers appropriately.
 WLAN_SECI_OUT and WLAN_SECI_IN are multiplexed on the GPIOs.
See Figure 27 and Table 14: “UART Timing Specifications” for UART timing.
12.5 JTAG Interface
The CYW43438 supports the IEEE 1149.1 JTAG boundary scan standard over SDIO for performing device package and PCB
assembly testing during manufacturing. In addition, the JTAG interface allows Broadcom to assist customers by using proprietary
debug and characterization test tools during board bring-up. Therefore, it is highly recommended to provide access to the JTAG pins
by means of test points or a header on all PCB designs.
12.6 UART Interface
One UART interface can be enabled by software as an alternate function on the JTAG pins. UART_RX is available on the JTAG_TDI
pin, and UART_TX is available on the JTAG_TDO pin.
The UART is primarily for debugging during development. By adding an external RS-232 transceiver, this UART enables the
CYW43438 to operate as RS-232 data termination equipment (DTE) for exchanging and managing data with other serial devices. It
is compatible with the industry standard 16550 UART, and it provides a FIFO size of 64 × 8 in each direction.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 53 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
13. WLAN Software Architecture
13.1 Host Software Architecture
The host driver (DHD) provides a transparent connection between the host operating system and the CYW43438 media (for example,
WLAN) by presenting a network driver interface to the host operating system and communicating with the CYW43438 over an
interface-specific bus (SPI, SDIO, and so on) to:
■
Forward transmit and receive frames between the host network stack and the CYW43438 device.
■
Pass control requests from the host to the CYW43438 device, returning the CYW43438 device responses.
The driver communicates with the CYW43438 over the bus using a control channel and a data channel to pass control messages and
data messages. The actual message format is based on the BDC protocol.
13.2 Device Software Architecture
The wireless device, protocol, and bus drivers are run on the embedded ARM processor using a Broadcom-defined operating system
called HNDRTE, which transfers data over a propriety Broadcom format over the SDIO/SPI interface between the host and device
(BDC/LMAC). The data portion of the format consists of IEEE 802.11 frames wrapped in a Broadcom encapsulation. The host architecture provides all missing functionality between a network device and the Broadcom device interface. The host can also be
customized to provide functionality between the Broadcom device interface and a full network device interface.
This transfer requires a message-oriented (framed) interconnect between the host and device. The SDIO bus is an addressed bus—
each host-initiated bus operation contains an explicit device target address—and does not natively support a higher-level data frame
concept. Broadcom has implemented a hardware/software message encapsulation scheme that ignores the bus operation code
address and prefixes each frame with a 4-byte length tag for framing. The device presents a packet-level interface over which data,
control, and asynchronous event (from the device) packets are supported.
The data and control packets received from the bus are initially processed by the bus driver and then passed on to the protocol driver.
If the packets are data packets, they are transferred to the wireless device driver (and out through its medium), and a data packet
received from the device medium follows the same path in the reverse direction. If the packets are control packets, the protocol header
is decoded by the protocol driver. If the packets are wireless IOCTL packets, the IOCTL API of the wireless driver is called to configure
the wireless device. The microcode running in the D11 core processes all time-critical tasks.
13.2.1 Remote Downloader
When the CYW43438 powers up, the DHD initializes and downloads the firmware to run in the device.
Figure 32. WLAN Software Architecture
DHD Host Driver
SPI/SDIO
BDC/LMAC Protocol
Wireless Device Driver
D11 Core
13.3 Wireless Configuration Utility
The device driver that supports the Broadcom IEEE 802.11 family of wireless solutions provides an input/output control (IOCTL)
interface for making advanced configuration settings. The IOCTL interface makes it possible to make settings that are normally not
possible when using just the native operating system-specific IEEE 802.11 configuration mechanisms. The utility uses IOCTLs to
query or set a number of different driver/chip operating properties.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 54 of 101
CYW43438
PRELIMINARY
14. Pinout and Signal Descriptions
14.1 Ball Map
Figure 33 shows the 63-ball WLBGA ball map.
Figure 33. 63-Ball WLBGA Ball Map (Bottom View)
A
B
C
1
B T_UA RT_
RX D
B T_ D E V _
WAKE
B T_HOS T_
WAKE
2
B T_ UA RT_
TX D
B T_ UA RT_
C TS _N
F M _OUT1
3
B T_P C M _
OUT
4
5
B T_ P C M _
C LK
6
S R_V LX
7
S R_P V S S
A
D
E
F
G
H
J
K
F M _ RF _IN
B T_V C O_
VDD
B T_ IF _
VDD
B T_P A V D D
W L RF _
2 G_eLG
W LRF _
2G_RF
F M _ OUT2
F M _RF _
VDD
B TF M _
P L L_ V D D
B TF M _
P LL _V S S
B T_ IF _V S S
W L RF _
L NA _GND
B T_UA RT_
RTS _N
VDDC
F M _RF _ V S
S
B T_P C M _I
N
VSSC
VDDC
B T_P C M _
S YNC
W L RF _V C
O_ GND
W LRF _ X TA
L_V D D 1P 2
3
W LRF _ A F E
_ GND
W LRF _ X TA W LRF _ X TA
L_ GND
L_ X OP
4
GP IO_2
W LRF _ X TA
L_ X ON
5
S D IO_C M D
C LK _RE Q
6
S D IO_
D A TA _ 2
S D IO_C LK
7
L
M
VSSC
GP IO_0
S R_
LD O_V D D 1
V D D B A T5V
P5
S D IO_
D A TA _1
S D IO_
D A TA _3
H
J
C
Document No. Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
D
E
F
G
1
B T_ V C O_ V W LRF _GP I
SS
O
GP IO_1
B
W LRF _
P A _V D D
2
P M U_A V S V OUT_C LD V OUT_L NL B T_ RE G_ O W C C _V D D I W L_ RE G_
S
O
DO
N
O
ON
L D O_
V D D B A T5 V
M
W LRF _
W L RF _ V D
W LRF _P A _
D_
GE NE RA L_
GND
1P 35
GND
L P O_IN
V OUT_3 P 3
L
S D IO_
D A TA _0
K
Page 55 of 108
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
14.2 WLBGA Ball List in Ball Number Order with X-Y Coordinates
Table 15 provides ball numbers and names in ball number order. The table includes the X and Y coordinates for a top view with a (0,0)
center.
Table 15. CYW43438 WLBGA Ball List — Ordered By Ball Number
Ball Number
Ball Name
X Coordinate
Y Coordinate
A1
BT_UART_RXD
–1200.006
2199.996
A2
BT_UART_TXD
–799.992
2199.996
A5
BT_PCM_CLK or BT_I2S_CLK
399.996
2199.996
A6
SR_VLX
799.992
2199.978
A7
SR_PVSS
1199.988
2199.978
B1
BT_DEV_WAKE
–1200.006
1800
B2
BT_UART_CTS_N
–799.992
1800
B4
BT_PCM_OUT or BT_I2S_DO
0
1800
B5
BT_PCM_SYNC or BT_I2S_WS
399.996
1800
B6
PMU_AVSS
799.992
1799.982
B7
SR_VBAT5V
1199.988
1799.982
C1
BT_HOST_WAKE
–1200.006
1399.995
C2
FM_OUT1
–799.992
1399.986
C3
BT_UART_RTS_N
–399.996
1399.995
C4
BT_PCM_IN or BT_I2S_DI
0
1399.995
C6
VOUT_CLDO
799.992
1399.986
C7
LDO_VDD15V
1199.988
1399.986
D2
FM_OUT2
–799.992
999.99
D3
VDDC
–399.996
999.999
D4
VSSC
0
999.999
D6
VOUT_LNLDO
799.992
999.99
E1
FM_RF_IN
–1199.988
599.994
E2
FM_RF_VDD
–799.992
599.994
E3
FM_RF_VSS
–399.996
599.994
E6
BT_REG_ON
799.992
599.994
E7
VOUT_3P3
1199.988
599.994
F1
BT_VCO_VDD
–1199.988
199.998
F2
BTFM_PLL_VDD
–799.992
199.998
F5
LPO_IN
399.996
199.998
F6
WCC_VDDIO
800.001
199.998
F7
LDO_VBAT5V
1199.988
199.998
G1
BT_IF_VDD
–1199.988
–199.998
G2
BTFM_PLL_VSS
–799.992
–199.998
G4
VDDC
0
–199.998
G6
WL_REG_ON
800.001
–199.998
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 56 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Table 15. CYW43438 WLBGA Ball List — Ordered By Ball Number (Cont.)
X Coordinate
Y Coordinate
H1
Ball Number
BT_PAVDD
Ball Name
–1199.988
–599.994
H2
BT_IF_VSS
–799.992
–599.994
H3
BT_VCO_VSS
–399.996
–599.994
H4
WLRF_AFE_GND
0
–599.994
H6
GPIO_1
800.001
–599.994
H7
SDIO_DATA_1
1200.006
–599.994
J1
WLRF_2G_eLG
–1199.988
–999.99
J2
WLRF_LNA_GND
–799.992
–999.99
J3
WLRF_GPIO
–399.996
–999.99
J5
VSSC
399.996
–999.999
J6
GPIO_0
800.001
–999.999
J7
SDIO_DATA_3
1200.006
–999.999
K1
WLRF_2G_RF
–1199.988
–1399.986
K2
WLRF_GENERAL_GND
–799.992
–1399.986
K6
SDIO_DATA_0
800.001
–1399.995
L2
WLRF_PA_GND
–799.992
–1799.982
L3
WLRF_VCO_GND
–399.996
–1799.982
L4
WLRF_XTAL_GND
0
–1799.982
L5
GPIO_2
399.996
–1799.991
L6
SDIO_CMD
800.001
–1799.991
L7
SDIO_DATA_2
1200.006
–1799.991
M1
WLRF_PA_VDD
–1199.988
–2199.978
M2
WLRF_VDD_1P35
–799.992
–2199.978
M3
WLRF_XTAL_VDD1P2
–399.996
–2199.978
M4
WLRF_XTAL_XOP
0
–2199.978
M5
WLRF_XTAL_XON
399.996
–2199.978
M6
CLK_REQ
800.001
–2199.996
M7
SDIO_CLK
1200.006
–2199.996
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 57 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
14.3 WLBGA Ball List Ordered By Ball Name
Table 16 provides the ball numbers and names in ball name order.
Table 16. CYW43438 WLBGA Ball List — Ordered By Ball Name
Ball Name
Ball Name
Ball Number
Ball Number
B1
SDIO_CMD
L6
BT_HOST_WAKE
C1
SDIO_DATA_0
K6
BT_IF_VDD
G1
SDIO_DATA_1
H7
BT_IF_VSS
H2
SDIO_DATA_2
L7
BT_PAVDD
H1
SDIO_DATA_3
J7
BT_PCM_CLK or BT_I2S_CLK
A5
SR_PVSS
A7
BT_PCM_IN or BT_I2S_DI
C4
SR_VDDBAT5V
B7
BT_PCM_OUT or BT_I2S_DO
B4
SR_VLX
A6
BT_PCM_SYNC or BT_I2S_WS
B5
VDDC
D3
BT_REG_ON
E6
VDDC
G4
BT_UART_CTS_N
B2
VOUT_3P3
E7
BT_UART_RTS_N
C3
VOUT_CLDO
C6
BT_UART_RXD
A1
VOUT_LNLDO
D6
BT_UART_TXD
A2
VSSC
D4
BT_VCO_VDD
F1
VSSC
J5
BT_VCO_VSS
H3
WCC_VDDIO
F6
BTFM_PLL_VDD
F2
WL_REG_ON
G6
BTFM_PLL_VSS
G2
WLRF_2G_eLG
J1
CLK_REQ
M6
WLRF_2G_RF
K1
FM_OUT1
C2
WLRF_AFE_GND
H4
FM_OUT2
D2
WLRF_GENERAL_GND
K2
FM_RF_IN
E1
WLRF_GPIO
J3
FM_RF_VDD
E2
WLRF_LNA_GND
J2
FM_RF_VSS
E3
WLRF_PA_GND
L2
GPIO_0
J6
WLRF_PA_VDD
M1
GPIO_1
H6
WLRF_VCO_GND
L3
GPIO_2
L5
WLRF_VDD_1P35
M2
LDO_VDD1P5
C7
WLRF_XTAL_GND
L4
LDO_VDDBAT5V
F7
WLRF_XTAL_VDD1P2
M3
LPO_IN
F5
WLRF_XTAL_XON
M5
PMU_AVSS
B6
WLRF_XTAL_XOP
M4
SDIO_CLK
M7
BT_DEV_WAKE
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 58 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
14.4 Signal Descriptions
Table 17 provides the WLBGA package signal descriptions.
Table 17. WLBGA Signal Descriptions
Signal Name
WLBGA Type
Ball
Description
RF Signal Interface
WLRF_2G_RF
K1
O
2.4 GHz BT and WLAN RF output port
SDIO Bus Interface
SDIO_CLK
M7
I
SDIO clock input
SDIO_CMD
L6
I/O
SDIO command line
SDIO_DATA_0
K6
I/O
SDIO data line 0
SDIO_DATA_1
H7
I/O
SDIO data line 1.
SDIO_DATA_2
L7
I/O
SDIO data line 2. Also used as a strapping option (see Table 20).
SDIO_DATA_3
J7
I/O
SDIO data line 3
Note: Per Section 6 of the SDIO specification, 10 to 100 kΩ pull-ups are required on the four DATA lines and the CMD line. This
requirement must be met during all operating states by using external pull-up resistors or properly programming internal SDIO host
pull-ups.
WLAN GPIO Interface
WLRF_GPIO
J3
I/O
Test pin. Not connected in normal operation.
WLRF_XTAL_XON
M5
O
XTAL oscillator output
WLRF_XTAL_XOP
M4
I
XTAL oscillator input
CLK_REQ
M6
O
External system clock request—Used when the system clock is not provided
by a dedicated crystal (for example, when a shared TCXO is used). Asserted
to indicate to the host that the clock is required. Shared by BT, and WLAN.
LPO_IN
F5
I
External sleep clock input (32.768 kHz). If an external 32.768 kHz clock
cannot be provided, pull this pin low. However, BLE will be always on and
cannot go to deep sleep.
Clocks
FM Receiver
FM_OUT1
C2
O
FM analog output 1
FM_OUT2
D2
O
FM analog output 2
FM_RF_IN
E1
I
FM radio antenna port
FM_RF_VDD
E2
I
FM power supply
Bluetooth PCM
BT_PCM_CLK or BT_I2S_CLK
A5
I/O
PCM or I2S clock; can be master (output) or slave (input)
BT_PCM_IN or BT_I2S_DI
C4
I
PCM or I2S data input sensing
BT_PCM_OUT or BT_I2S_DO
B4
O
PCM or I2S data output
BT_PCM_SYNC or BT_I2S_WS
B5
I/O
PCM SYNC or I2S_WS; can be master (output) or slave (input)
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 59 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Table 17. WLBGA Signal Descriptions (Cont.)
Signal Name
WLBGA Type
Ball
Description
Bluetooth UART and Wake
BT_UART_CTS_N
B2
I
UART clear-to-send. Active-low clear-to-send signal for the HCI UART
interface.
BT_UART_RTS_N
C3
O
UART request-to-send. Active-low request-to-send signal for the HCI UART
interface.
BT_UART_RXD
A1
I
UART serial input. Serial data input for the HCI UART interface.
BT_UART_TXD
A2
O
UART serial output. Serial data output for the HCI UART interface.
BT_DEV_WAKE
B1
I/O
DEV_WAKE or general-purpose I/O signal.
BT_HOST_WAKE
C1
I/O
HOST_WAKE or general-purpose I/O signal.
Note: By default, the Bluetooth BT WAKE signals provide GPIO/WAKE functionality, and the UART pins provide UART functionality.
Through software configuration, the PCM interface can also be routed over the BT_WAKE/UART signals as follows:
■
PCM_CLK on the UART_RTS_N pin
■
PCM_OUT on the UART_CTS_N pin
■
PCM_SYNC on the BT_HOST_WAKE pin
PCM_IN on the BT_DEV_WAKE pin
In this case, the BT HCI transport included sleep signaling will operate using UART_RXD and UART_TXD; that is, using a 3-Wire
UART Transport.
■
Miscellaneous
WL_REG_ON
G6
I
Used by PMU to power up or power down the internal regulators used by the
WLAN section. Also, when deasserted, this pin holds the WLAN section in
reset. This pin has an internal 200 k pull-down resistor that is enabled by
default. It can be disabled through programming.
BT_REG_ON
E6
I
Used by PMU to power up or power down the internal regulators used by the
Bluetooth/FM section. Also, when deasserted, this pin holds the Bluetooth/
FM section in reset. This pin has an internal 200 k pull-down resistor that
is enabled by default. It can be disabled through programming.
GPIO_0
J6
I/O
Programmable GPIO pins. This pin becomes an output pin when it is used
as WLAN_HOST_WAKE/out-of-band signal.
GPIO_1
H6
I/O
Programmable GPIO pins
GPIO_2
L5
I/O
Programmable GPIO pins
WLRF_2G_eLG
J1
I
Connect to an external inductor. See the reference schematic for details.
Integrated Voltage Regulators
SR_VDDBAT5V
B7
I
SR VBAT input power supply
SR_VLX
A6
O
CBUCK switching regulator output. See Table 36 for details of the inductor
and capacitor required on this output.
LDO_VDDBAT5V
F7
I
LDO VBAT
LDO_VDD1P5
C7
I
LNLDO input
VOUT_LNLDO
D6
O
Output of low-noise LNLDO
VOUT_CLDO
C6
O
Output of core LDO
Bluetooth Power Supplies
BT_PAVDD
H1
I
Bluetooth PA power supply
BT_IF_VDD
G1
I
Bluetooth IF block power supply
BTFM_PLL_VDD
F2
I
Bluetooth RF PLL power supply
BT_VCO_VDD
F1
I
Bluetooth RF power supply
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 60 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Table 17. WLBGA Signal Descriptions (Cont.)
Signal Name
WLBGA Type
Ball
Description
Power Supplies
WLRF_XTAL_VDD1P2
M3
I
XTAL oscillator supply
WLRF_PA_VDD
M1
I
Power amplifier supply
WCC_VDDIO
F6
I
VDDIO input supply. Connect to VDDIO.
WLRF_VDD_1P35
M2
I
LNLDO input supply
VDDC
D3, G4
I
Core supply for WLAN and BT.
VOUT_3P3
E7
O
3.3V output supply. See the reference schematic for details.
Ground
BT_IF_VSS
H2
I
1.2V Bluetooth IF block ground
BTFM_PLL_VSS
G2
I
Bluetooth/FM RF PLL ground
BT_VCO_VSS
H3
I
1.2V Bluetooth RF ground
FM_RF_VSS
E3
I
FM RF ground
PMU_AVSS
B6
I
Quiet ground
SR_PVSS
A7
I
Switcher-power ground
VSSC
D4, J5
I
Core ground for WLAN and BT
WLRF_AFE_GND
H4
I
AFE ground
WLRF_LNA_GND
J2
I
2.4 GHz internal LNA ground
WLRF_GENERAL_GND
K2
I
Miscellaneous RF ground
WLRF_PA_GND
L2
I
2.4 GHz PA ground
WLRF_VCO_GND
L3
I
VCO/LO generator ground
WLRF_XTAL_GND
L4
I
XTAL ground
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 61 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
14.5 WLAN GPIO Signals and Strapping Options
The pins listed in Table 18 are sampled at power-on reset (POR) to determine the various operating modes. Sampling occurs a few
milliseconds after an internal POR or deassertion of the external POR. After the POR, each pin assumes the GPIO or alternative
function specified in the signal descriptions table. Each strapping option pin has an internal pull-up (PU) or pull-down (PD) resistor
that determines the default mode. To change the mode, connect an external PU resistor to VDDIO or a PD resistor to ground using
a 10 kΩ resistor or less.
Note: Refer to the reference board schematics for more information.
Table 18. GPIO Functions and Strapping Options
Pin Name
WLBGA Pin #
SDIO_DATA_2
L7
Default
1
Function
WLAN host interface
select
Description
This pin selects the WLAN host interface mode. The
default is SDIO. For gSPI, pull this pin low.
14.6 Chip Debug Options
The chip can be accessed for debugging via the JTAG interface, multiplexed on the SDIO_DATA_0 through SDIO_DATA_3 (and
SDIO_CLK) I/O or the Bluetooth PCM I/O depending on the bootstrap state of GPIO_1 and GPIO_2.
Table 19 shows the debug options of the device.
Table 19. Chip Debug Options
JTAG_SEL
GPIO_2
GPIO_1
Function
SDIO I/O Pad Function BT PCM I/O Pad Function
0
0
0
Normal mode
SDIO
BT PCM
0
0
1
JTAG over SDIO
JTAG
BT PCM
0
1
0
JTAG over BT PCM
SDIO
JTAG
0
1
1
SWD over GPIO_1/GPIO_2
SDIO
BT PCM
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 62 of 101
CYW43438
PRELIMINARY
14.7 I/O States
The following notations are used in Table 20:
■
I: Input signal
■
O: Output signal
■
I/O: Input/Output signal
■
PU = Pulled up
■
PD = Pulled down
■
NoPull = Neither pulled up nor pulled down
Table 20. I/O States1
Active Mode
Power-Down3
Low Power State/Sleep WL_REG_ON = 0
(All Power Present)
BT_REG_ON = 0
Keeper
Name
I/O
2
Out-of-Reset;
(WL_REG_ON = 1;
BT_REG_ON =
Do Not Care)
(WL_REG_ON
=1
BT_REG_ON =
0) VDDIOs
Present
Out-of-Reset;
(WL_REG_ON = 0
BT_REG_ON = 1)
Power Rail
VDDIOs Present
WL_REG_ON
I
N
Input; PD (pull-down
can be disabled)
Input; PD (pull-down can Input; PD (of 200K)
be disabled)
Input; PD (200k)
Input; PD
(200k)
–
–
BT_REG_ON
I
N
Input; PD (pull down
can be disabled)
Input; PD (pull down can
be disabled)
Input; PD (of 200K)
Input; PD (200k)
Input; PD
(200k)
Input; PD (200k)
–
CLK_REQ
I/O
Y
Open drain or push-pull Open drain or push-pull
(programmable). Active (programmable). Active
high.
high
PD
Open drain, active
high.
Open drain,
active high.
Open drain,
active high.
WCC_VDDIO
BT_HOST_
WAKE
I/O
Y
I/O; PU, PD, NoPull
(programmable)
I/O; PU, PD, NoPull
(programmable)
High-Z, NoPull
–
Input, PD
Output, Drive low
WCC_VDDIO
BT_DEV_WAKE
I/O
Y
I/O; PU, PD, NoPull
(programmable)
Input; PU, PD, NoPull
(programmable)
High-Z, NoPull
–
Input, PD
Input, PD
WCC_VDDIO
BT_UART_CTS
I
Y
Input; NoPull
Input; NoPull
High-Z, NoPull
–
Input; PU
Input, NoPull
WCC_VDDIO
BT_UART_RTS
O
Y
Output; NoPull
Output; NoPull
High-Z, NoPull
–
Input; PU
Output, NoPull
WCC_VDDIO
BT_UART_RXD
I
Y
Input; PU
Input; NoPull
High-Z, NoPull
–
Input; PU
Input, NoPull
WCC_VDDIO
BT_UART_TXD
O
Y
Output; NoPull
Output; NoPull
High-Z, NoPull
–
Input; PU
Output, NoPull
WCC_VDDIO
SDIO_DATA_0
I/O
N
SDIO MODE -> NoPull
SDIO MODE -> NoPull
SDIO MODE ->
NoPull
SDIO MODE -> PU
SDIO MODE -> Input; PU
NoPull
WCC_VDDIO
SDIO_DATA_1
I/O
N
SDIO MODE -> NoPull
SDIO MODE -> NoPull
SDIO MODE ->
NoPull
SDIO MODE -> PU
SDIO MODE -> Input; PU
NoPull
WCC_VDDIO
SDIO_DATA_2
I/O
N
SDIO MODE -> NoPull
SDIO MODE -> NoPull
SDIO MODE ->
NoPull
SDIO MODE -> PU
SDIO MODE -> Input; PU
NoPull
WCC_VDDIO
Document No. Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 63 of 108
CYW43438
PRELIMINARY
Table 20. I/O States1 (Cont.)
3
Out-of-Reset;
(WL_REG_ON = 1;
BT_REG_ON =
Do Not Care)
(WL_REG_ON
=1
BT_REG_ON =
0) VDDIOs
Present
Out-of-Reset;
(WL_REG_ON = 0
BT_REG_ON = 1)
Power Rail
VDDIOs Present
Name
I/O
Active Mode
Power-Down
Low Power State/Sleep WL_REG_ON = 0
(All Power Present)
BT_REG_ON = 0
SDIO_DATA_3
I/O
N
SDIO MODE -> NoPull
SDIO MODE -> NoPull
SDIO MODE ->
NoPull
SDIO MODE -> PU
SDIO MODE -> Input; PU
NoPull
WCC_VDDIO
SDIO_CMD
I/O
N
SDIO MODE -> NoPull
SDIO MODE -> NoPull
SDIO MODE ->
NoPull
SDIO MODE -> PU
SDIO MODE -> Input; PU
NoPull
WCC_VDDIO
SDIO_CLK
I
N
SDIO MODE -> NoPull
SDIO MODE -> NoPull
SDIO MODE ->
NoPull
SDIO MODE ->
NoPull
SDIO MODE -> Input
NoPull
WCC_VDDIO
BT_PCM_CLK
I/O
Y
Input; NoPull4
Input; NoPull4
High-Z, NoPull
–
Input, PD
Input, PD
WCC_VDDIO
BT_PCM_IN
I/O
Y
Input; NoPull4
Input; NoPull4
High-Z, NoPull
–
Input, PD
Input, PD
WCC_VDDIO
BT_PCM_OUT
I/O
Y
Input; NoPull4
Input; NoPull4
High-Z, NoPull
–
Input, PD
Input, PD
WCC_VDDIO
BT_PCM_SYNC
I/O
Y
Input; NoPull4
Input; NoPull4
High-Z, NoPull
–
Input, PD
Input, PD
WCC_VDDIO
I
Y
PD
PD
High-Z, NoPull
Input, PD
PD
Input, PD
WCC_VDDIO
GPIO_0
I/O
Y
TBD
Active mode
High-Z, NoPull5
Input, SDIO OOB Int,
NoPull
Active mode
Input, NoPull
WCC_VDDIO
GPIO_1
I/O
Y
TBD
Active mode
High-Z, NoPull5
Input, PD
Active mode
Input, Strap, PD
WCC_VDDIO
GPIO_2
I/O
Y
TBD
Active mode
NoPull5
Input, GCI GPIO[7],
NoPull
Active mode
Input, Strap, NoPull WCC_VDDIO
Keeper
JTAG_SEL
2
High-Z,
1. PU = pulled up, PD = pulled down.
2. N = pad has no keeper. Y = pad has a keeper. Keeper is always active except in the power-down state. If there is no keeper, and it is an input and there is NoPull, then the pad should
be driven to prevent leakage due to floating pad, for example, SDIO_CLK.
3. In the Power-down state (xx_REG_ON = 0): High-Z; NoPull => The pad is disabled because power is not supplied.
4. Depending on whether the PCM interface is enabled and the configuration is master or slave mode, it can be either an output or input.
5. The GPIO pull states for the active and low-power states are hardware defaults. They can all be subsequently programmed as a pull-up or pull-down.
Document No. Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 64 of 108
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
15. DC Characteristics
Note: Values in this data sheet are design goals and are subject to change based on the results of device characterization.
15.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
Caution! The absolute maximum ratings in Table 21 indicate levels where permanent damage to the device can occur, even if these
limits are exceeded for only a brief duration. Functional operation is not guaranteed under these conditions. Excluding VBAT,
operation at the absolute maximum conditions for extended periods can adversely affect long-term reliability of the device.
Table 21. Absolute Maximum Ratings
Rating
Symbol
DC supply for VBAT and PA driver supply
Value
Unit
1
VBAT
V
–0.5 to +6.0
DC supply voltage for digital I/O
VDDIO
–0.5 to 3.9
V
DC supply voltage for RF switch I/Os
VDDIO_RF
–0.5 to 3.9
V
DC input supply voltage for CLDO and LNLDO
–
–0.5 to 1.575
V
DC supply voltage for RF analog
VDDRF
–0.5 to 1.32
V
DC supply voltage for core
VDDC
–0.5 to 1.32
V
Maximum undershoot voltage for I/O2
Vundershoot
–0.5
V
Vovershoot
VDDIO + 0.5
V
Tj
125
°C
Maximum overshoot voltage for I/O
2
Maximum junction temperature
1. Continuous operation at 6.0V is supported.
2. Duration not to exceed 25% of the duty cycle.
15.2 Environmental Ratings
The environmental ratings are shown in Table 22.
Table 22. Environmental Ratings
Characteristic
Value
Units
Conditions/Comments
Ambient temperature (TA)
–30 to +70°C
1
C
Operation
Storage temperature
–40 to +125°C
C
–
Less than 60
%
Storage
Less than 85
%
Operation
Relative humidity
1. Functionality is guaranteed, but specifications require derating at extreme temperatures (see the specification tables for details).
15.3 Electrostatic Discharge Specifications
Extreme caution must be exercised to prevent electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage. Proper use of wrist and heel grounding straps
to discharge static electricity is required when handling these devices. Always store unused material in its antistatic packaging.
Table 23. ESD Specifications
Pin Type
Symbol
Condition
ESD Rating
Unit
ESD, Handling Reference:
NQY00083, Section 3.4,
Group D9, Table B
ESD_HAND_HBM
Human Body Model Contact Discharge per
JEDEC EID/JESD22-A114
1000
V
Machine Model (MM)
ESD_HAND_MM
Machine Model Contact
30
V
CDM
ESD_HAND_CDM
Charged Device Model Contact Discharge per
300
JEDEC EIA/JESD22-C101
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
V
Page 65 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
15.4 Recommended Operating Conditions and DC Characteristics
Functional operation is not guaranteed outside the limits shown in Table 24, and operation outside these limits for extended periods
can adversely affect long-term reliability of the device.
Table 24. Recommended Operating Conditions and DC Characteristics
Element
Value
Symbol
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
DC supply voltage for VBAT
VBAT
3.01
–
4.82
V
DC supply voltage for core
VDD
1.14
1.2
1.26
V
DC supply voltage for RF blocks in chip
VDDRF
1.14
1.2
1.26
V
DC supply voltage for digital I/O
VDDIO,
VDDIO_SD
1.71
–
3.63
V
DC supply voltage for RF switch I/Os
VDDIO_RF
3.13
3.3
3.46
V
External TSSI input
TSSI
0.15
–
0.95
V
Internal POR threshold
Vth_POR
0.4
–
0.7
V
SDIO Interface I/O Pins
For VDDIO_SD = 1.8V:
Input high voltage
VIH
1.27
–
–
V
Input low voltage
VIL
–
–
0.58
V
Output high voltage @ 2 mA
VOH
1.40
–
–
V
Output low voltage @ 2 mA
VOL
–
–
0.45
V
Input high voltage
VIH
0.625 × VDDIO
–
–
V
Input low voltage
VIL
–
–
0.25 ×
VDDIO
V
Output high voltage @ 2 mA
VOH
0.75 × VDDIO
–
–
V
Output low voltage @ 2 mA
VOL
–
–
0.125 ×
VDDIO
V
For VDDIO_SD = 3.3V:
Other Digital I/O Pins
For VDDIO = 1.8V:
Input high voltage
VIH
0.65 × VDDIO
–
–
V
Input low voltage
VIL
–
–
0.35 ×
VDDIO
V
Output high voltage @ 2 mA
VOH
VDDIO – 0.45
–
–
V
Output low voltage @ 2 mA
VOL
–
–
0.45
V
Input high voltage
VIH
2.00
–
–
V
Input low voltage
VIL
–
–
0.80
V
Output high voltage @ 2 mA
VOH
VDDIO – 0.4
–
–
V
Output low Voltage @ 2 mA
VOL
–
–
0.40
V
For VDDIO = 3.3V:
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 66 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Table 24. Recommended Operating Conditions and DC Characteristics (Cont.)
Element
Value
Symbol
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
RF Switch Control Output Pins3
For VDDIO_RF = 3.3V:
Output high voltage @ 2 mA
VOH
VDDIO – 0.4
–
–
V
Output low voltage @ 2 mA
VOL
–
–
0.40
V
Input capacitance
CIN
–
–
5
pF
1. The CYW43438 is functional across this range of voltages. However, optimal RF performance specified in the data sheet is guaranteed only
for 3.2V < VBAT < 4.8V.
2. The maximum continuous voltage is 4.8V. Voltages up to 6.0V for up to 10 seconds, cumulative duration over the lifetime of the device are
allowed. Voltages as high as 5.0V for up to 250 seconds, cumulative duration over the lifetime of the device are allowed.
3. Programmable 2 mA to 16 mA drive strength. Default is 10 mA.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 67 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
16. WLAN RF Specifications
The CYW43438 includes an integrated direct conversion radio that supports the 2.4 GHz band. This section describes the RF
characteristics of the 2.4 GHz radio.
Note: Values in this data sheet are design goals and may change based on device characterization results.
Unless otherwise stated, the specifications in this section apply when the operating conditions are within the limits specified in
Table 22: “Environmental Ratings” and Table 24: “Recommended Operating Conditions and DC Characteristics” . Functional
operation outside these limits is not guaranteed.
Typical values apply for the following conditions:
■
VBAT = 3.6V.
■
Ambient temperature +25°C.
Figure 34. RF Port Location
Chip
Port
C2
TX
Filter
Antenna
Port
10 pF
CYW43438
C1
L1
RX
4.7 nH
10 pF
Note: All specifications apply at the chip port unless otherwise specified.
16.1 2.4 GHz Band General RF Specifications
Table 25. 2.4 GHz Band General RF Specifications
Item
Condition
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
TX/RX switch time
Including TX ramp down
–
–
5
µs
RX/TX switch time
Including TX ramp up
–
–
2
µs
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 68 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
16.2 WLAN 2.4 GHz Receiver Performance Specifications
Note: Unless otherwise specified, the specifications in Table 26 are measured at the chip port (for the location of the chip port, see
Figure 34
Table 26. WLAN 2.4 GHz Receiver Performance Specifications
Parameter
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
–
2400
–
2500
MHz
1 Mbps DSSS
–97.5
–99.5
–
dBm
–93.5
–95.5
–
dBm
–91.5
–93.5
–
dBm
11 Mbps DSSS
–88.5
–90.5
–
dBm
6 Mbps OFDM
–91.5
–93.5
–
dBm
9 Mbps OFDM
–90.5
–92.5
–
dBm
12 Mbps OFDM
–87.5
–89.5
–
dBm
RX sensitivity (10% PER for
18 Mbps OFDM
1000 octet PSDU) at WLAN RF
24 Mbps OFDM
port 1
36 Mbps OFDM
–85.5
–87.5
–
dBm
–82.5
–84.5
–
dBm
–80.5
–82.5
–
dBm
48 Mbps OFDM
–76.5
–78.5
–
dBm
54 Mbps OFDM
–75.5
–77.5
–
dBm
Frequency range
Condition/Notes
RX sensitivity (8% PER for 1024 2 Mbps DSSS
octet PSDU) 1
5.5 Mbps DSSS
20 MHz channel spacing for all MCS rates (Mixed mode)
256-QAM, R = 5/6
–67.5
–69.5
–
dBm
256-QAM, R = 3/4
–69.5
–71.5
–
dBm
MCS7
–71.5
–73.5
–
dBm
RX sensitivity
MCS6
(10% PER for 4096 octet PSDU).
MCS5
Defined for default parameters:
Mixed mode, 800 ns GI.
MCS4
–73.5
–75.5
–
dBm
–74.5
–76.5
–
dBm
–79.5
–81.5
–
dBm
MCS3
–82.5
–84.5
–
dBm
MCS2
–84.5
–86.5
–
dBm
MCS1
–86.5
–88.5
–
dBm
MCS0
–90.5
–92.5
–
dBm
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 69 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Table 26. WLAN 2.4 GHz Receiver Performance Specifications (Cont.)
Parameter
Condition/Notes
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
704–716 MHz
LTE
–
–13
–
dBm
777–787 MHz
LTE
–
–13
–
dBm
776–794 MHz
CDMA2000
–
–13.5
–
dBm
815–830 MHz
LTE
–
–12.5
–
dBm
816–824 MHz
CDMA2000
–
–13.5
–
dBm
816–849 MHz
LTE
–
–11.5
–
dBm
824–849 MHz
WCDMA
–
–11.5
–
dBm
824–849 MHz
CDMA2000
–
–12.5
–
dBm
824–849 MHz
LTE
–
–11.5
–
dBm
824–849 MHz
GSM850
–
–8
–
dBm
830–845 MHz
LTE
–
–11.5
–
dBm
832–862 MHz
LTE
–
–11.5
–
dBm
880–915 MHz
WCDMA
–
–10
–
dBm
880–915 MHz
LTE
–
–12
–
dBm
880–915 MHz
E-GSM
–
–9
–
dBm
1710–1755 MHz
Blocking level for 3 dB RX sensitivity degradation (without
1710–1755 MHz
external filtering).2
1710–1755 MHz
WCDMA
–
–13
–
dBm
LTE
–
–14.5
–
dBm
CDMA2000
–
–14.5
–
dBm
1710–1785 MHz
WCDMA
–
–13
–
dBm
1710–1785 MHz
LTE
–
–14.5
–
dBm
1710–1785 MHz
GSM1800
–
–12.5
–
dBm
1850–1910 MHz
GSM1900
–
–11.5
–
dBm
1850–1910 MHz
CDMA2000
–
–16
–
dBm
1850–1910 MHz
WCDMA
–
–13.5
–
dBm
1850–1910 MHz
LTE
–
–16
–
dBm
1850–1915 MHz
LTE
–
–17
–
dBm
1920–1980 MHz
WCDMA
–
–17.5
–
dBm
1920–1980 MHz
CDMA2000
–
–19.5
–
dBm
1920–1980 MHz
LTE
–
–19.5
–
dBm
2300–2400 MHz
LTE
–
–44
–
dBm
2500–2570 MHz
LTE
–
–43
–
dBm
2570–2620 MHz
LTE
–
–34
–
dBm
5G
WLAN
–
>–4
–
dBm
@ 1, 2 Mbps (8% PER, 1024 octets)
–6
–
–
dBm
@ 5.5, 11 Mbps (8% PER, 1024 octets)
–12
–
–
dBm
@ 6–54 Mbps (10% PER, 1000 octets)
–15.5
–
–
dBm
Maximum receive level
@ 2.4 GHz
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 70 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Table 26. WLAN 2.4 GHz Receiver Performance Specifications (Cont.)
Parameter
Condition/Notes
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
Adjacent channel rejectionDSSS.
(Difference between interfering
and desired signal [25 MHz
11 Mbps DSSS
apart] at 8% PER for 1024 octet
PSDU with desired signal level
as specified in Condition/Notes.)
–70 dBm
35
–
–
dB
6 Mbps OFDM
–79 dBm
16
–
–
dB
9 Mbps OFDM
–78 dBm
15
–
–
dB
12 Mbps OFDM
–76 dBm
13
–
–
dB
18 Mbps OFDM
–74 dBm
11
–
–
dB
24 Mbps OFDM
–71 dBm
8
–
–
dB
36 Mbps OFDM
–67 dBm
4
–
–
dB
48 Mbps OFDM
–63 dBm
0
–
–
dB
54 Mbps OFDM
–62 dBm
–1
–
–
dB
65 Mbps OFDM
–61 dBm
–2
–
–
dB
Range –98 dBm to –75 dBm
–3
–
3
dB
Range above –75 dBm
–5
–
5
dB
Zo = 50Ω across the dynamic range.
10
–
–
dB
Adjacent channel rejectionOFDM.
(Difference between interfering
and desired signal (25 MHz
apart) at 10% PER for 10003
octet PSDU with desired signal
level as specified in Condition/
Notes.)
RCPI accuracy4
Return loss
1. Optimal RF performance, as specified in this data sheet, is guaranteed only for temperatures between –10°C and 55°C.
2. The cellular standard listed for each band indicates the type of modulation used to generate the interfering signal in that band for the purpose
of this test. It is not intended to indicate any specific usage of each band in any specific country.
3. For 65 Mbps, the size is 4096.
4. The minimum and maximum values shown have a 95% confidence level.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 71 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
16.3 WLAN 2.4 GHz Transmitter Performance Specifications
Note: Unless otherwise specified, the specifications in Table 26 are measured at the chip port (for the location of the chip port, see
Figure 34).
Table 27. WLAN 2.4 GHz Transmitter Performance Specifications
Parameter
Frequency range
Condition/Notes
–
TX power at the chip port for the
highest power level setting at 25°C,
VBA = 3.6V, and spectral mask and
EVM compliance2, 3
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Typical
Maximum
Unit
–
–
–
MHz
776–794 MHz
CDMA2000
–
–167.5
–
dBm/Hz
869–960 MHz
CDMAOne, GSM850
–
–163.5
–
dBm/Hz
1450–1495 MHz
DAB
–
–154.5
–
dBm/Hz
1570–1580 MHz
GPS
–
–152.5
–
dBm/Hz
1592–1610 MHz
GLONASS
–
–149.5
–
dBm/Hz
1710–1800 MHz
DSC-1800-Uplink
–
–145.5
–
dBm/Hz
1805–1880 MHz
GSM1800
–
–143.5
–
dBm/Hz
1850–1910 MHz
GSM1900
–
–140.5
–
dBm/Hz
1910–1930 MHz
TDSCDMA, LTE
–
–138.5
–
dBm/Hz
GSM1900, CDMAOne,
WCDMA
–
–139
–
dBm/Hz
2010–2075 MHz
TDSCDMA
–
–127.5
–
dBm/Hz
2110–2170 MHz
WCDMA
–
–124.5
–
dBm/Hz
2305–2370 MHz
LTE Band 40
–
–104.5
–
dBm/Hz
2370–2400 MHz
LTE Band 40
–
–81.5
–
dBm/Hz
2496–2530 MHz
LTE Band 41
–
–94.5
–
dBm/Hz
2530–2560 MHz
LTE Band 41
–
–120.5
–
dBm/Hz
2570–2690 MHz
LTE Band 41
–
–121.5
–
dBm/Hz
5000–5900 MHz
WLAN 5G
–
–109.5
–
–
4.8–5.0 GHz
2nd harmonic
–
–26.5
–
dBm/
MHz
7.2–7.5 GHz
3rd harmonic
–
–23.5
–
dBm/
MHz
9.6–10 GHz
4th harmonic
–
–32.5
–
dBm/
MHz
–
EVM Does Not Exceed
IEEE 802.11b
(DSSS/CCK)
–9 dB
21
–
–
dBm
OFDM, BPSK
–8 dB
20.5
–
–
dBm
OFDM, QPSK
–13 dB
20.5
–
–
dBm
OFDM, 16-QAM
–19 dB
20.5
–
–
dBm
OFDM, 64-QAM
(R = 3/4)
–25 dB
18
–
–
dBm
OFDM, 64-QAM
(R = 5/6)
–27 dB
17.5
–
–
dBm
OFDM, 256-QAM
(R = 5/6)
–32 dB
15
–
–
dBm
Transmitted power in cellular and
WLAN 5G bands (at 21 dBm, 90% duty
1930–1990 MHz
cycle, 1 Mbps CCK).1
Harmonic level (at 21 dBm with 90%
duty cycle, 1 Mbps CCK)
Minimum
Page 72 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Table 27. WLAN 2.4 GHz Transmitter Performance Specifications (Cont.)
Parameter
Condition/Notes
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
TX power control
dynamic range
–
9
–
–
dB
Closed loop TX power variation at
highest power level setting
Across full temperature and voltage range.
Applies across 5 to 21 dBm output power
range.
–
–
±1.5
dB
Carrier suppression
–
15
–
–
dBc
Gain control step
–
–
0.25
–
dB
Return loss
Zo = 50
4
6
–
dB
EVM degradation
–
3.5
–
dB
Output power variation
–
±2
–
dB
ACPR-compliant power
level
–
15
–
dBm
EVM degradation
–
4
–
dB
Output power variation
–
±3
–
dB
ACPR-compliant power
level
–
15
–
dBm
VSWR = 2:1.
Load pull variation for output power,
EVM, and Adjacent Channel Power
Ratio (ACPR)
VSWR = 3:1.
1. The cellular standards listed indicate only typical usages of that band in some countries. Other standards may also be used within those
bands.
2. TX power for channel 1 and channel 11 is specified separately by nonvolatile memory parameters to ensure band-edge compliance.
3. Optimal RF performance, as specified in this data sheet, is guaranteed only for temperatures between –10°C and 55°C.
16.4 General Spurious Emissions Specifications
Table 28. General Spurious Emissions Specifications
Parameter
Frequency range
Condition/Notes
–
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
2400
–
2500
MHz
General Spurious Emissions
TX emissions
RX/standby
emissions
30 MHz < f < 1 GHz
RBW = 100 kHz
–
–99
–96
dBm
1 GHz < f < 12.75 GHz
RBW = 1 MHz
–
–44
–41
dBm
1.8 GHz < f < 1.9 GHz
RBW = 1 MHz
–
–68
–65
dBm
5.15 GHz < f < 5.3 GHz
RBW = 1 MHz
–
–88
–85
dBm
30 MHz < f < 1 GHz
RBW = 100 kHz
–
–99
–96
dBm
1 GHz < f < 12.75 GHz
RBW = 1 MHz
–
–54
–51
dBm
1.8 GHz < f < 1.9 GHz
RBW = 1 MHz
–
–88
–85
dBm
5.15 GHz < f < 5.3 GHz
RBW = 1 MHz
–
–88
–85
dBm
Note: The specifications in this table apply at the chip port.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 73 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
17. Bluetooth RF Specifications
Note: Values in this data sheet are design goals and are subject to change based on the results of device characterization.
Unless otherwise stated, limit values apply for the conditions specified in Table 22: “Environmental Ratings” and
Table 24: “Recommended Operating Conditions and DC Characteristics” . Typical values apply for the following conditions:
■
VBAT = 3.6V.
Ambient temperature +25°C.
Note: All Bluetooth specifications apply at the chip port. For the location of the chip port, see Figure 34: “RF Port Location,” on page 68
■
Table 29. Bluetooth Receiver RF Specifications
Parameter
Conditions
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
Note: The specifications in this table are measured at the chip output port unless otherwise specified.
General
Frequency range
RX sensitivity
2402
–
2480
MHz
GFSK, 0.1% BER, 1 Mbps
–
–
–94
–
dBm
/4–DQPSK, 0.01% BER, 2 Mbps
–
–96
–
dBm
8–DPSK, 0.01% BER, 3 Mbps
–
–90
–
dBm
Input IP3
–
–16
–
–
dBm
Maximum input at antenna
–
–
–
–20
dBm
11
dB
Interference Performance1
C/I co-channel
GFSK, 0.1% BER
–
–
C/I 1 MHz adjacent channel
GFSK, 0.1% BER
–
–
0.0
dB
C/I 2 MHz adjacent channel
GFSK, 0.1% BER
–
–
–30
dB
C/I  3 MHz adjacent channel
GFSK, 0.1% BER
–
–
–40
dB
C/I image channel
GFSK, 0.1% BER
–
–
–9
dB
C/I 1 MHz adjacent to image channel GFSK, 0.1% BER
–
–
–20
dB
C/I co-channel
/4–DQPSK, 0.1% BER
–
–
13
dB
C/I 1 MHz adjacent channel
/4–DQPSK, 0.1% BER
–
–
0.0
dB
C/I 2 MHz adjacent channel
–
–
–30
dB
–
–
–40
dB
–
–
–7
dB
C/I 1 MHz adjacent to image channel
/4–DQPSK, 0.1% BER
/4–DQPSK, 0.1% BER
/4–DQPSK, 0.1% BER
/4–DQPSK, 0.1% BER
–
–
–20
dB
C/I co-channel
8–DPSK, 0.1% BER
–
–
21
dB
C/I  3 MHz adjacent channel
C/I image channel
C/I 1 MHz adjacent channel
8–DPSK, 0.1% BER
–
–
5.0
dB
C/I 2 MHz adjacent channel
8–DPSK, 0.1% BER
–
–
–25
dB
C/I  3 MHz adjacent channel
8–DPSK, 0.1% BER
–
–
–33
dB
C/I Image channel
8–DPSK, 0.1% BER
–
–
0.0
dB
C/I 1 MHz adjacent to image channel 8–DPSK, 0.1% BER
–
–
–13
dB
Out-of-Band Blocking Performance (CW)
30–2000 MHz
0.1% BER
–
–10.0
–
dBm
2000–2399 MHz
0.1% BER
–
–27
–
dBm
2498–3000 MHz
0.1% BER
–
–27
–
dBm
3000 MHz–12.75 GHz
0.1% BER
–
–10.0
–
dBm
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 74 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Table 29. Bluetooth Receiver RF Specifications (Cont.)
Parameter
Conditions
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
Out-of-Band Blocking Performance, Modulated Interferer (LTE)
GFSK (1 Mbps)
2310 MHz
LTE band40 TDD 20M BW
–
–20
–
dBm
2330 MHz
LTE band40 TDD 20M BW
–
–19
–
dBm
2350 MHz
LTE band40 TDD 20M BW
–
–20
–
dBm
2370 MHz
LTE band40 TDD 20M BW
–
–24
–
dBm
2510 MHz
LTE band7 FDD 20M BW
–
–24
–
dBm
2530 MHz
LTE band7 FDD 20M BW
–
–21
–
dBm
2550 MHz
LTE band7 FDD 20M BW
–
–21
–
dBm
2570 MHz
LTE band7 FDD 20M BW
–
–20
–
dBm
 /4 DPSK (2 Mbps)
2310 MHz
LTE band40 TDD 20M BW
–
–20
–
dBm
2330 MHz
LTE band40 TDD 20M BW
–
–19
–
dBm
2350 MHz
LTE band40 TDD 20M BW
–
–20
–
dBm
2370 MHz
LTE band40 TDD 20M BW
–
–24
–
dBm
2510 MHz
LTE band7 FDD 20M BW
–
–24
–
dBm
2530 MHz
LTE band7 FDD 20M BW
–
–20
–
dBm
2550 MHz
LTE band7 FDD 20M BW
–
–20
–
dBm
2570 MHz
LTE band7 FDD 20M BW
–
–20
–
dBm
8DPSK (3 Mbps)
2310 MHz
LTE band40 TDD 20M BW
–
–20
–
dBm
2330 MHz
LTE band40 TDD 20M BW
–
–19
–
dBm
2350 MHz
LTE band40 TDD 20M BW
–
–20
–
dBm
2370 MHz
LTE band40 TDD 20M BW
–
–24
–
dBm
2510 MHz
LTE band7 FDD 20M BW
–
–24
–
dBm
2530 MHz
LTE band7 FDD 20M BW
–
–21
–
dBm
2550 MHz
LTE band7 FDD 20M BW
–
–20
–
dBm
LTE band7 FDD 20M BW
–
–20
–
dBm
2570 MHz
Out-of-Band Blocking Performance, Modulated Interferer (Non-LTE)
GFSK (1 Mbps)1
698–716 MHz
WCDMA
–
–12
–
dBm
776–849 MHz
WCDMA
–
–12
–
dBm
824–849 MHz
GSM850
–
–12
–
dBm
824–849 MHz
WCDMA
–
–11
–
dBm
880–915 MHz
E-GSM
–
–11
–
dBm
880–915 MHz
WCDMA
–
–16
–
dBm
1710–1785 MHz
GSM1800
–
–15
–
dBm
1710–1785 MHz
WCDMA
–
–18
–
dBm
1850–1910 MHz
GSM1900
–
–20
–
dBm
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 75 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Table 29. Bluetooth Receiver RF Specifications (Cont.)
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
1850–1910 MHz
Parameter
WCDMA
Conditions
–
–17
–
dBm
1880–1920 MHz
TD-SCDMA
–
–18
–
dBm
1920–1980 MHz
WCDMA
–
–18
–
dBm
2010–2025 MHz
TD–SCDMA
–
–18
–
dBm
2500–2570 MHz
WCDMA
–
–21
–
dBm
–
–8
–
dBm
 /4 DPSK (2 Mbps)1
698–716 MHz
WCDMA
776–794 MHz
WCDMA
–
–8
–
dBm
824–849 MHz
GSM850
–
–9
–
dBm
824–849 MHz
WCDMA
–
–9
–
dBm
880–915 MHz
E-GSM
–
–8
–
dBm
880–915 MHz
WCDMA
–
–8
–
dBm
1710–1785 MHz
GSM1800
–
–14
–
dBm
1710–1785 MHz
WCDMA
–
–14
–
dBm
1850–1910 MHz
GSM1900
–
–15
–
dBm
1850–1910 MHz
WCDMA
–
–14
–
dBm
1880–1920 MHz
TD-SCDMA
–
–16
–
dBm
1920–1980 MHz
WCDMA
–
–15
–
dBm
2010–2025 MHz
TD-SCDMA
–
–17
–
dBm
2500–2570 MHz
WCDMA
–
–21
–
dBm
1
8DPSK (3 Mbps)
698–716 MHz
WCDMA
–
–11
–
dBm
776–794 MHz
WCDMA
–
–11
–
dBm
824–849 MHz
GSM850
–
–11
–
dBm
824–849 MHz
WCDMA
–
–12
–
dBm
880–915 MHz
E-GSM
–
–11
–
dBm
880–915 MHz
WCDMA
–
–11
–
dBm
1710–1785 MHz
GSM1800
–
–16
–
dBm
1710–1785 MHz
WCDMA
–
–15
–
dBm
1850–1910 MHz
GSM1900
–
–17
–
dBm
1850–1910 MHz
WCDMA
–
–17
–
dBm
1880–1920 MHz
TD-SCDMA
–
–17
–
dBm
1920–1980 MHz
WCDMA
–
–17
–
dBm
2010–2025 MHz
TD-SCDMA
–
–18
–
dBm
2500–2570 MHz
WCDMA
–
–21
–
dBm
2.4 GHz band
–
–
–90.0
–80.0
dBm
RX LO Leakage
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 76 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Table 29. Bluetooth Receiver RF Specifications (Cont.)
Parameter
Conditions
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
30 MHz–1 GHz
–
–95
–62
dBm
1–12.75 GHz
–
–70
–47
dBm
869–894 MHz
–
–147
–
dBm/Hz
925–960 MHz
–
–147
–
dBm/Hz
1805–1880 MHz
–
–147
–
dBm/Hz
1930–1990 MHz
–
–147
–
dBm/Hz
2110–2170 MHz
–
–147
–
dBm/Hz
Spurious Emissions
1. The Bluetooth reference level for the required signal at the Bluetooth chip port is 3 dB higher than the typical sensitivity level.
Table 30. LTE Specifications for Spurious Emissions
Parameter
Conditions
Typical
Unit
2500–2570 MHz
Band 7
–147
dBm/Hz
2300–2400 MHz
Band 40
–147
dBm/Hz
2570–2620 MHz
Band 38
–147
dBm/Hz
2545–2575 MHz
XGP Band
–147
dBm/Hz
Table 31. Bluetooth Transmitter RF Specifications1
Parameter
Conditions
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
2402
–
2480
MHz
Basic rate (GFSK) TX power at Bluetooth
–
12.0
–
dBm
QPSK TX power at Bluetooth
–
8.0
–
dBm
General
Frequency range
8PSK TX power at Bluetooth
Power control step
–
–
8.0
–
dBm
2
4
8
dB
–
0.93
1
MHz
–
–38
–26.0
dBc
–
–31
–20.0
dBm
–
–43
–40.0
dBm
–
–
–36.0 3,4
dBm
GFSK In-Band Spurious Emissions
–20 dBc BW
–
1.0 MHz < |M – N| < 1.5 MHz
M – N = the frequency range for which
the spurious emission is measured
relative to the transmit center
frequency.
EDR In-Band Spurious Emissions
1.5 MHz < |M – N| < 2.5 MHz
|M – N|  2.5 MHz
2
Out-of-Band Spurious Emissions
30 MHz to 1 GHz
–
–30.0
4,5,6
dBm
1 GHz to 12.75 GHz
–
–
–
1.8 GHz to 1.9 GHz
–
–
–
–47.0
dBm
5.15 GHz to 5.3 GHz
–
–
–
–47.0
dBm
–
–103
–
dBm
GPS Band Spurious Emissions
Spurious emissions
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
–
Page 77 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Table 31. Bluetooth Transmitter RF Specifications1 (Cont.)
Parameter
Conditions
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
Out-of-Band Noise Floor7
65–108 MHz
FM RX
–
–147
–
dBm/Hz
776–794 MHz
CDMA2000
–
–146
–
dBm/Hz
869–960 MHz
cdmaOne, GSM850
–
–146
–
dBm/Hz
925–960 MHz
E-GSM
–
–146
–
dBm/Hz
1570–1580 MHz
GPS
–
–146
–
dBm/Hz
1805–1880 MHz
GSM1800
–
–144
–
dBm/Hz
1930–1990 MHz
GSM1900, cdmaOne, WCDMA
–
–143
–
dBm/Hz
2110–2170 MHz
WCDMA
–
–137
–
dBm/Hz
1. Unless otherwise specified, the specifications in this table apply at the chip output port, and output power specifications are with the
temperature correction algorithm and TSSI enabled.
2. Typically measured at an offset of ±3 MHz.
3. The maximum value represents the value required for Bluetooth qualification as defined in the v4.1 specification.
4. The spurious emissions during Idle mode are the same as specified in Table 31.
5. Specified at the Bluetooth antenna port.
6. Meets this specification using a front-end band-pass filter.
7. Transmitted power in cellular and FM bands at the Bluetooth antenna port. See Figure 34 for location of the port.
Table 32. LTE Specifications for Out-of-Band Noise Floor
Parameter
Conditions
Typical
Unit
2500–2570 MHz
Band 7
–130
dBm/Hz
2300–2400 MHz
Band 40
–130
dBm/Hz
2570–2620 MHz
Band 38
–130
dBm/Hz
2545–2575 MHz
XGP Band
–130
dBm/Hz
Table 33. Local Oscillator Performance
Parameter
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
LO Performance
Lock time
–
72
–
s
Initial carrier frequency tolerance
–
±25
±75
kHz
DH1 packet
–
±8
±25
kHz
DH3 packet
–
±8
±40
kHz
DH5 packet
–
±8
±40
kHz
Drift rate
–
5
20
kHz/50 μs
1
140
155
175
kHz
10101010 sequence in payload2
115
140
–
kHz
–
1
–
MHz
Frequency Drift
Frequency Deviation
00001111 sequence in payload
Channel spacing
1. This pattern represents an average deviation in payload.
2. Pattern represents the maximum deviation in payload for 99.9% of all frequency deviations.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 78 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Table 34. BLE RF Specifications
Parameter
Frequency range
Conditions
–
1
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
2402
–
2480
MHz
RX sense
GFSK, 0.1% BER, 1 Mbps
–
–97
–
dBm
TX power2
–
–
8.5
–
dBm
–
225
255
275
kHz
–
99.9
–
–
%
–
0.8
0.95
–
%
Mod Char: delta f1 average
Mod Char: delta f2 max
3
Mod Char: ratio
1. The Bluetooth tester is set so that Dirty TX is on.
2. BLE TX power can be increased to compensate for front-end losses such as BPF, diplexer, switch, etc.). The output is capped at 12 dBm.
The BLE TX power at the antenna port cannot exceed the 10 dBm specification limit.
3. At least 99.9% of all delta F2 max. frequency values recorded over 10 packets must be greater than 185 kHz.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 79 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
18. FM Receiver Specifications
Note: Values in this data sheet are design goals and are subject to change based on the results of device characterization.
Unless otherwise stated, limit values apply for the conditions specified inTable 22: “Environmental Ratings” and
Table 24: “Recommended Operating Conditions and DC Characteristics” . Typical values apply for the following conditions:
■
VBAT = 3.6V.
■
Ambient temperature +25°C.
Table 35. FM Receiver Specifications
Conditions1
Parameter
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Units
65
–
108
MHz
–
1
–
dBμV EMF
–
1.1
–
µV EMF
–
–5
–
dBμV
–
51
–
dB
–
62
–
dB
45
53
–
dB
Intermodulation performance3,4
Blocker level increased until desired at
30 dB SNR.
Wanted signal: 33 dBµV EMF (45 µV EMF)
Modulated interferer: At fWanted + 400 kHz and +
4 MHz.
CW interferer: At fWanted + 800 kHz and + 8 MHz.
–
55
–
dBc
AM suppression, mono3
Vin = 23 dBμV EMF (14.1 μV EMF).
AM at 400 Hz with m = 0.3.
No A-weighted or any other filtering applied.
40
–
–
dB
–
17
–
dBµV EMF
–
7.1
–
µV EMF
–
11
–
dBµV
–
13
–
dBµV EMF
–
4.4
–
µV EMF
–
7
–
dBµV
±200 kHz
–
49
–
dB
±300 kHz
–
52
–
dB
–
52
–
dB
RF Parameters
Operating frequency
2
Sensitivity3
Frequencies inclusive
FM only, SNR ≥ 26 dB
Measured for 30 dB SNR at audio output.
Signal of interest: 23 dBµV EMF (14.1 µV EMF).
Receiver adjacent channel
3,4
selectivity
At ±200 kHz.
At ±400 kHz.
Intermediate signal-plusnoise to noise ratio (S + N)/ Vin = 20 dBμV (10 μV EMF).
N, stereo3
RDS
RDS deviation = 1.2 kHz.
RDS
sensitivity5,6
RDS deviation = 2 kHz.
Wanted Signal: 33 dBµV EMF (45 µV EMF),
2 kHz RDS deviation.
Interferer: ∆f = 40 kHz, fmod = 1 kHz.
RDS selectivity6
±400 kHz
RF Input
RF input impedance
–
1.5
–
–
kΩ
Antenna tuning cap
–
2.5
–
30
pF
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 80 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Table 35. FM Receiver Specifications (Cont.)
Conditions1
Parameter
Maximum input
level3
RF conducted emissions
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Units
–
–
113
dBµV EMF
–
–
446
mV EMF
–
–
107
dBμV
Local oscillator breakthrough measured on the
reference port.
–
–
–55
dBm
869–894 MHz, 925–960 MHz,
1805–1880 MHz, and 1930–1990 MHz. GPS.
–
–
–90
dBm
GSM850, E-GSM (standard); BW = 0.2 MHz.
824–849 MHz,
880–915 MHz.
–
7
–
dBm
GSM 850, E-GSM (edge); BW = 0.2 MHz.
824–849 MHz,
880–915 MHz.
–
0
–
dBm
GSM DCS 1800, PCS 1900 (standard, edge);
BW = 0.2 MHz.
1710–1785 MHz,
1850–1910 MHz.
–
12
–
dBm
WCDMA: II (I), III (IV,X); BW = 5 MHz.
1710–1785 MHz (1710–1755 MHz,
1710–1770 MHz),
1850–1980 MHz (1920–1980 MHz).
–
12
–
dBm
–
5
–
dBm
–
0
–
dBm
CDMA2000, CDMA One; BW= 1.25 MHz.
1750–1780 MHz,
1850–1910 MHz,
1920–1980 MHz.
–
12
–
dBm
Bluetooth; BW = 1 MHz.
2402–2480 MHz.
–
11
–
dBm
LTE, Band 38, Band 40, XGP Band
–
11
–
dBm
WLAN-g/b; BW = 20 MHz.
2400–2483.5 MHz.
–
11
–
dBm
WLAN-a; BW = 20 MHz.
4915–5825 MHz.
–
6
–
dBm
SNR > 26 dB.
WCDMA: V (VI), VIII, XII, XIII, XIV;
BW = 5 MHz.
RF blocking levels at the
FM antenna input with a 40 824–849 MHz (830–840 MHz),
dB SNR (assumes a 50Ω 880–915 MHz.
input and excludes spurs)
CDMA2000, CDMA One; BW = 1.25 MHz.
776–794 MHz,
824–849 MHz,
887–925 MHz.
Tuning
Frequency step
–
10
–
–
kHz
Settling time
Single frequency switch in any direction
to a frequency within the 88–108 MHz or
76–90 MHz bands. Time measured to within 5
kHz of the final frequency.
–
150
–
µs
Search time
Total time for an automatic search to
sweep from 88–108 MHz or 76–90 MHz
(or in the reverse direction) assuming no
channels are found.
–
–
8
sec
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 81 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Table 35. FM Receiver Specifications (Cont.)
Conditions1
Parameter
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Units
General Audio
Audio output level7
–
–14.5
–
–12.5
dBFS
Maximum audio output
level8
–
–
–
0
dBFS
DAC audio output level
Conditions:
Vin = 66 dBµV EMF (2 mV EMF),
∆f = 22.5 kHz, fmod = 1 kHz,
∆f Pilot = 6.75 kHz
72
–
88
mV RMS
Maximum DAC audio
output level8
–
–
333
–
mV RMS
Audio DAC output level
difference9
–
–1
–
1
dB
Left and right AC mute
FM input signal fully muted with DAC enabled
60
–
–
dB
Left and right hard mute
FM input signal fully muted with DAC disabled
80
–
–
dB
Soft mute attenuation and
start level
Muting is performed dynamically, proportional to the desired FM input signal C/N. The muting characteristic is fully programmable. See “Audio Features” .
Maximum signal plus
noise-to-noise ratio
(S + N)/N, mono9
–
–
69
–
dB
Maximum signal plus
noise-to-noise ratio
(S + N)/N, stereo7
–
–
64
–
dB
Vin = 66 dBµV EMF(2 mV EMF):
–
–
–
–
∆f = 75 kHz, fmod = 400 Hz.
–
–
0.8
%
∆f = 75 kHz, fmod = 1 kHz.
–
–
0.8
%
∆f = 75 kHz, fmod = 3 kHz.
–
–
0.8
%
∆f = 100 kHz, fmod = 1 kHz.
–
–
1.0
%
Total harmonic distortion,
stereo
Vin = 66 dBµV EMF (2 mV EMF),
∆f = 67.5 kHz, fmod = 1 kHz,
∆f pilot = 6.75 kHz, L = R
–
–
1.5
%
Audio spurious products9
Range from 300 Hz to 15 kHz
with respect to a 1 kHz tone.
–
–
–60
dBc
15
–
–
kHz
–
–
20
Hz
–0.5
–
0.5
dB
–
–
±5
%
3
–
83
dBµV EMF
1.41
–
1.41E+4
µV EMF
–3
–
77
dBμV
Total harmonic distortion,
mono
Audio bandwidth, upper (–
3 dB point)
Audio bandwidth, lower (–
3 dB point)
Audio in-band ripple
Vin = 66 dBµV EMF (2 mV EMF)
∆f = 8 kHz, for 50 µs
100 Hz to 13 kHz,
Vin = 66 dBµV EMF (2 mV EMF),
∆f = 8 kHz, for 50 µs.
Deemphasis time constant
With respect to 50 and 75 µs.
tolerance
RSSI range
With 1 dB resolution and ±5 dB accuracy
at room temperature.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 82 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Table 35. FM Receiver Specifications (Cont.)
Conditions1
Parameter
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Units
–
44
–
dB
Stereo Decoder
Stereo channel separation
Forced Stereo mode
Vin = 66 dBµV EMF (2 mV EMF),
∆f = 67.5 kHz, fmod = 1 kHz,
∆f Pilot = 6.75 kHz,
R = 0, L = 1
Mono stereo blend and
switching
Dynamically proportional to the desired FM input signal C/N. The blending and switching characteristics
are fully programmable. See “Audio Features” .
Pilot suppression
Vin = 66 dBµV EMF (2 mV EMF),
∆f = 75 kHz, fmod = 1 kHz.
46
–
–
dB
–
–
–
–
4 values in 3 dB steps
–21
–
–12
dB
4 values
20
–
40
ms
Pause Detection
Audio level at which
a pause is detected
Audio pause
duration
Relative to 1-kHz tone, ∆f = 22.5 kHz.
1. The following conditions are applied to all relevant tests unless otherwise indicated: Preemphasis and deemphasis of 50 μs, R = L for mono,
BAF = 300 Hz to 15 kHz, A-weighted filtering applied.
2. Contact your Broadcom representative for applications operating between 65–76 MHz.
3. Signal of interest: ∆f = 22.5 kHz, fmod = 1 kHz.
4. Interferer: ∆f = 22.5 kHz, fmod = 1 kHz.
5. RDS sensitivity numbers are for 87.5–108 MHz only.
6. Vin = ∆f = 32 kHz, fmod = 1 kHz, ∆f pilot = 7.5 kHz, and with an interferer for 95% of blocks decoded with no errors after correction, over
a sample of 5000 blocks.
7. Vin = 66 dBµV EMF (2 mV EMF), ∆f = 22.5 kHz, fmod = 1 kHz, ∆f pilot = 6.75 kHz.
8. Vin = 66 dBµV EMF (2 mV EMF), ∆f = 100 kHz, fmod = 1 kHz, ∆f pilot = 6.75 kHz.
9. Vin = 66 dBµV EMF (2 mV EMF), ∆f = 22.5 kHz, fmod = 1 kHz.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 83 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
19. Internal Regulator Electrical Specifications
Note: Values in this data sheet are design goals and are subject to change based on device characterization results.
Functional operation is not guaranteed outside of the specification limits provided in this section.
19.1 Core Buck Switching Regulator
Table 36. Core Buck Switching Regulator (CBUCK) Specifications
Specification
Notes
Input supply voltage (DC)
DC voltage range inclusive of disturbances.
PWM mode switching frequency
CCM, load > 100 mA VBAT = 3.6V.
Min.
Typ.
Max.
2.4
3.6
4.8
1
–
4
–
Units
V
MHz
PWM output current
–
–
–
370
mA
Output current limit
–
–
1400
–
mA
Output voltage range
Programmable, 30 mV steps.
Default = 1.35V.
1.2
1.35
1.5
V
PWM output voltage
DC accuracy
Includes load and line regulation.
Forced PWM mode.
–4
–
4
%
PWM ripple voltage, static
Measure with 20 MHz bandwidth limit.
Static load, max. ripple based on VBAT = 3.6V,
Vout = 1.35V,
Fsw = 4 MHz, 2.2 μH inductor L > 1.05 μH, Cap
+ Board total-ESR < 20 mΩ,
Cout > 1.9 μF, ESL<200 pH
–
7
20
mVpp
PWM mode peak efficiency
Peak efficiency at 200 mA load, inductor DCR
= 200 mΩ, VBAT = 3.6V, VOUT = 1.35V
–
85
–
%
PFM mode efficiency
10 mA load current, inductor DCR = 200 mΩ,
VBAT = 3.6V, VOUT = 1.35V
–
77
–
%
Start-up time from
power down
VDDIO already ON and steady.
Time from REG_ON rising edge to CLDO
reaching 1.2V
–
400
500
µs
External inductor
0603 size, 2.2 μH ±20%,
DCR = 0.2Ω ± 25%
–
2.2
–
µH
External output capacitor
Ceramic, X5R, 0402,
ESR <30 mΩ at 4 MHz, 4.7 μF ±20%, 10V
2.02
4.7
103
µF
External input capacitor
For SR_VDDBATP5V pin,
ceramic, X5R, 0603,
ESR < 30 mΩ at 4 MHz, ±4.7 μF ±20%, 10V
0.672
4.7
–
µF
Input supply voltage ramp-up time
0 to 4.3V
40
–
–
µs
1. The maximum continuous voltage is 4.8V. Voltages up to 6.0V for up to 10 seconds, cumulative duration, over the lifetime of the device are
allowed. Voltages as high as 5.0V for up to 250 seconds, cumulative duration, over the lifetime of the device are allowed.
2. Minimum capacitor value refers to the residual capacitor value after taking into account the part-to-part tolerance, DC-bias, temperature, and
aging.
3. Total capacitance includes those connected at the far end of the active load.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 84 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
19.2 3.3V LDO (LDO3P3)
Table 37. LDO3P3 Specifications
Specification
Notes
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Units
3.1
3.6
4.81
V
0.001
–
450
mA
Input supply voltage, Vin
Min. = Vo + 0.2V = 3.5V dropout voltage
requirement must be met under maximum
load for performance specifications.
Output current
–
Nominal output voltage, Vo
Default = 3.3V.
–
3.3
–
V
Dropout voltage
At max. load.
–
–
200
mV
Output voltage DC accuracy
Includes line/load regulation.
–5
–
+5
%
Quiescent current
No load
–
66
85
µA
Line regulation
Vin from (Vo + 0.2V) to 4.8V, max. load
–
–
3.5
mV/V
Load regulation
load from 1 mA to 450 mA
–
–
0.3
mV/mA
PSRR
Vin ≥ Vo + 0.2V,
Vo = 3.3V, Co = 4.7 µF,
Max. load, 100 Hz to 100 kHz
20
–
–
dB
LDO turn-on time
Chip already powered up.
–
160
250
µs
External output capacitor, Co
Ceramic, X5R, 0402,
(ESR: 5 mΩ–240 mΩ), ± 10%, 10V
1.02
4.7
5.64
µF
External input capacitor
For SR_VDDBATA5V pin (shared with band
gap) Ceramic, X5R, 0402,
(ESR: 30m-200 mΩ), ± 10%, 10V.
Not needed if sharing VBAT capacitor 4.7 µF
with SR_VDDBATP5V.
–
4.7
–
µF
1. The maximum continuous voltage is 4.8V. Voltages up to 6.0V for up to 10 seconds, cumulative duration, over the lifetime of the device are
allowed. Voltages as high as 5.0V for up to 250 seconds, cumulative duration, over the lifetime of the device are allowed.
2. Minimum capacitor value refers to the residual capacitor value after taking into account the part-to-part tolerance, DC-bias, temperature, and
aging.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 85 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
19.3 CLDO
Table 38. CLDO Specifications
Specification
Notes
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Units
Input supply voltage, Vin
Min. = 1.2 + 0.15V = 1.35V dropout voltage
requirement must be met under maximum load.
1.3
1.35
1.5
V
Output current
–
0.2
–
200
mA
Output voltage, Vo
Programmable in 10 mV steps. Default = 1.2.V
0.95
1.2
1.26
V
Dropout voltage
At max. load
–
–
150
mV
Output voltage DC accuracy
Includes line/load regulation
–4
–
+4
%
No load
–
13
–
µA
Quiescent current
200 mA load
–
1.24
–
mA
Line regulation
Vin from (Vo + 0.15V) to 1.5V, maximum load
–
–
5
mV/V
Load regulation
Load from 1 mA to 300 mA
–
0.02
0.05
mV/mA
Power down
–
5
20
µA
Leakage current
Bypass mode
–
1
3
µA
PSRR
@1 kHz, Vin ≥ 1.35V, Co = 4.7 µF
20
–
–
dB
Start-up time of PMU
VDDIO up and steady. Time from the REG_ON rising
edge to the CLDO
reaching 1.2V.
–
–
700
µs
LDO turn-on time
LDO turn-on time when rest of the chip is up.
–
140
180
µs
1.11
2.2
–
µF
–
1
2.2
µF
External output capacitor, Co
Total ESR: 5 mΩ–240 mΩ
External input capacitor
Only use an external input capacitor at the VDD_LDO
pin if it is not supplied from CBUCK output.
1. Minimum capacitor value refers to the residual capacitor value after taking into account the part-to-part tolerance, DC-bias, temperature, and
aging.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 86 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
19.4 LNLDO
Table 39. LNLDO Specifications
Specification
Notes
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Units
Input supply voltage, Vin
Min. VIN = VO + 0.15V = 1.35V
(where VO = 1.2V) dropout voltage requirement must be
met under maximum load.
1.3
1.35
1.5
V
Output current
–
0.1
–
150
mA
Output voltage, Vo
Programmable in 25 mV steps.Default = 1.2V
1.1
1.2
1.275
V
Dropout voltage
At maximum load
–
–
150
mV
Output voltage DC accuracy
Includes line/load regulation
–4
–
+4
%
No load
–
10
12
µA
Max. load
–
970
990
µA
Line regulation
Vin from (Vo + 0.15V) to 1.5V, 200 mA load
–
–
5
mV/V
Load regulation
Load from 1 mA to 200 mA:
Vin ≥ (Vo + 0.12V)
–
0.025
0.045
mV/mA
Leakage current
Power-down, junction temp. = 85°C
–
5
20
µA
Output noise
@30 kHz, 60–150 mA load Co = 2.2 µF
@100 kHz, 60–150 mA load Co = 2.2 µF
–
–
60
35
–nV/ Hz
PSRR
@1 kHz, Vin ≥ (Vo + 0.15V), Co = 4.7 μF
20
–
–
dB
Quiescent current
LDO turn-on time
LDO turn-on time when rest of chip is up
External output capacitor, Co
Total ESR (trace/capacitor): 5 mΩ–240 mΩ
External input capacitor
Only use an external input capacitor at the VDD_LDO pin
if it is not supplied from CBUCK output. Total ESR (trace/
capacitor): 30 mΩ–200 mΩ
–
140
180
µs
0.51
2.2
4.7
µF
–
1
2.2
µF
1. Minimum capacitor value refers to the residual capacitor value after taking into account the part-to-part tolerance, DC-bias, temperature, and
aging.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 87 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
20. System Power Consumption
Note: The values in this data sheet are design goals and are subject to change based on device characterization.Unless otherwise
stated, these values apply for the conditions specified in Table 24: “Recommended Operating Conditions and DC Characteristics” .
20.1 WLAN Current Consumption
Table 40 shows typical currents consumed by the CYW43438’s WLAN section. All values shown are with the Bluetooth core in Reset
mode with Bluetooth and FM off.
20.1.1 2.4 GHz Mode
Table 40. 2.4 GHz Mode WLAN Power Consumption
Mode
Rate
VBAT = 3.6V, VDDIO = 1.8V, TA 25°C
VBAT (mA)
Vio (μA)
N/A
0.0035
0.08
N/A
0.0058
80
Sleep Modes
Leakage (OFF)
Sleep (idle, unassociated)
1
2
Rate 1
0.0058
80
3
Rate 1
1.05
74
IEEE Power Save PM1 DTIM3 (Avg.) 4
Rate 1
0.35
86
IEEE Power Save PM2 DTIM1 (Avg.)
3
Rate 1
1.05
74
IEEE Power Save PM2 DTIM3 (Avg.)
4
Rate 1
0.35
86
N/A
37
12
Rate 1
39
12
Rate 11
40
12
Sleep (idle, associated, inter-beacons)
IEEE Power Save PM1 DTIM1 (Avg.)
Active Modes
Rx Listen Mode 5
Rx Active (at –50dBm RSSI) 6
Tx 6
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Rate 54
40
12
Rate MCS7
41
12
Rate 1 @ 20 dBm
320
15
Rate 11 @ 18 dBm
290
15
Rate 54 @ 15 dBm
260
15
Rate MCS7 @ 15 dBm
260
15
Device is initialized in Sleep mode, but not associated.
Device is associated, and then enters Power Save mode (idle between beacons).
Beacon interval = 100 ms; beacon duration = 1 ms @ 1 Mbps (Integrated Sleep + wakeup + beacon).
Beacon interval = 300 ms; beacon duration = 1 ms @ 1 Mbps (Integrated Sleep + wakeup + beacon).
Carrier sense (CCA) when no carrier present.
Tx output power is measured on the chip-out side; duty cycle =100%. Tx Active mode is measured in Packet Engine mode (pseudo-random
data)
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 88 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
20.2 Bluetooth and FM Current Consumption
The Bluetooth, BLE, and FM current consumption measurements are shown in Table 41.
Note:
■
The WLAN core is in reset (WLAN_REG_ON = low) for all measurements provided in Table 41.
■
For FM measurements, the Bluetooth core is in Sleep mode.
■
The BT current consumption numbers are measured based on GFSK TX output power = 10 dBm.
Table 41. Bluetooth BLE and FM Current Consumption
Operating Mode
Sleep
VBAT (VBAT = 3.6V)
Typical
VDDIO (VDDIO = 1.8V)
Typical
Units
6
150
μA
Standard 1.28s Inquiry Scan
193
162
μA
500 ms Sniff Master
305
172
μA
DM1/DH1 Master
23.3
–
mA
DM3/DH3 Master
28.4
–
mA
DM5/DH5 Master
29.1
–
mA
3DH5/3DH5 Master
25.1
–
mA
11.8
–
mA
8.6
–
mA
8.6
–
mA
BLE Scan
187
164
μA
BLE Adv. – Unconnectable 1.00 sec
93
163
μA
BLE Connected 1 sec
71
163
μA
SCO HV3 Master
FMRX Analog Audio only
1
FMRX Analog Audio + RDS1
2
1. In Mono/Stereo blend mode.
2. No devices present. A 1.28 second interval with a scan window of 11.25 ms.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 89 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
21. Interface Timing and AC Characteristics
Note: Values in this data sheet are design goals and are subject to change based on the results of device characterization.
Unless otherwise stated, the specifications in this section apply when the operating conditions are within the limits specified in Table
22 and Table 24. Functional operation outside of these limits is not guaranteed.
21.1 SDIO Default Mode Timing
SDIO default mode timing is shown by the combination of Figure 35 and Table 42.
Figure 35. SDIO Bus Timing (Default Mode)
fP P
tW L
tW H
S D IO _ C L K
tTH L
tT LH
t IS U
t IH
In p u t
O u tp u t
tO D LY
tO D LY
(m a x )
(m in )
Table 42. SDIO Bus Timing 1 Parameters (Default Mode)
Parameter
Symbol
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
SDIO CLK (All values are referred to minimum VIH and maximum VIL2)
Frequency—Data Transfer mode
fPP
0
–
25
MHz
Frequency—Identification mode
fOD
0
–
400
kHz
Clock low time
tWL
10
–
–
ns
Clock high time
tWH
10
–
–
ns
Clock rise time
tTLH
–
–
10
ns
Clock fall time
tTHL
–
–
10
ns
Inputs: CMD, DAT (referenced to CLK)
Input setup time
tISU
5
–
–
ns
Input hold time
tIH
5
–
–
ns
Outputs: CMD, DAT (referenced to CLK)
Output delay time—Data Transfer mode
tODLY
0
–
14
ns
Output delay time—Identification mode
tODLY
0
–
50
ns
1. Timing is based on CL  40 pF load on command and data.
2. min(Vih) = 0.7 × VDDIO and max(Vil) = 0.2 × VDDIO.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 90 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
21.2 SDIO High-Speed Mode Timing
SDIO high-speed mode timing is shown by the combination of Figure 36 and Table 43.
Figure 36. SDIO Bus Timing (High-Speed Mode)
fPP
tWL
tWH
50% VDD
SDIO_CLK
tTHL
tISU
tTLH
tIH
Input
Output
tODLY
tOH
Table 43. SDIO Bus Timing 1 Parameters (High-Speed Mode)
Parameter
Symbol
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Unit
SDIO CLK (all values are referred to minimum VIH and maximum VIL2)
Frequency – Data Transfer Mode
fPP
0
–
50
MHz
Frequency – Identification Mode
fOD
0
–
400
kHz
Clock low time
tWL
7
–
–
ns
Clock high time
tWH
7
–
–
ns
Clock rise time
tTLH
–
–
3
ns
Clock fall time
tTHL
–
–
3
ns
Inputs: CMD, DAT (referenced to CLK)
Input setup time
tISU
6
–
–
ns
Input hold time
tIH
2
–
–
ns
Outputs: CMD, DAT (referenced to CLK)
Output delay time – Data Transfer Mode
tODLY
–
–
14
ns
Output hold time
tOH
2.5
–
–
ns
Total system capacitance (each line)
CL
–
–
40
pF
1. Timing is based on CL  40 pF load on command and data.
2. min(Vih) = 0.7 × VDDIO and max(Vil) = 0.2 × VDDIO.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 91 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
21.3 gSPI Signal Timing
The gSPI device always samples data on the rising edge of the clock.
Figure 37. gSPI Timing
T1
T4
T2
T5
T3
SPI_CLK
T6
T7
SPI_DIN
T8
T9
SPI_DOUT
(falling edge)
Table 44. gSPI Timing Parameters
Parameter
Symbol
Minimum
Maximum
Units
T1
20.8
–
ns
Fmax = 50 MHz
Clock high/low
T2/T3
(0.45 × T1) – T4
(0.55 × T1) – T4
ns
–
Clock rise/fall time
T4/T5
–
2.5
ns
–
Clock period
Note
Input setup time
T6
5.0
–
ns
Setup time, SIMO valid to SPI_CLK active
edge
Input hold time
T7
5.0
–
ns
Hold time, SPI_CLK active edge to SIMO
invalid
Output setup time
T8
5.0
–
ns
Setup time, SOMI valid before SPI_CLK
rising
Output hold time
T9
5.0
–
ns
Hold time, SPI_CLK active edge to SOMI
invalid
CSX to clock1
–
7.86
–
ns
CSX fall to 1st rising edge
CSXc
–
–
–
ns
Last falling edge to CSX high
Clock to
1. SPI_CSx remains active for entire duration of gSPI read/write/write_read transaction (that is, overall words for multiple word transaction)
21.4 JTAG Timing
Table 45. JTAG Timing Characteristics
Signal Name
Output
Maximum
Period
Output
Minimum
Setup
Hold
TCK
125 ns
–
–
–
–
TDI
–
–
–
20 ns
0 ns
TMS
–
–
–
20 ns
0 ns
TDO
–
100 ns
0 ns
–
–
JTAG_TRST
250 ns
–
–
–
–
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 92 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
22. Power-Up Sequence and Timing
22.1 Sequencing of Reset and Regulator Control Signals
The CYW43438 has two signals that allow the host to control power consumption by enabling or disabling the Bluetooth, WLAN, and
internal regulator blocks. These signals are described below. Additionally, diagrams are provided to indicate proper sequencing of the
signals for various operational states (see Figure 38 through Figure 41). The timing values indicated are minimum required values;
longer delays are also acceptable.
Note:
■
The WL_REG_ON and BT_REG_ON signals are OR’ed in the CYW43438. The diagrams show both signals going high at the same
time (as would be the case if both REG signals were controlled by a single host GPIO). If two independent host GPIOs are used
(one for WL_REG_ON and one for BT_REG_ON), then only one of the two signals needs to be high to enable the CYW43438
regulators.
■
The reset requirements for the Bluetooth core are also applicable for the FM core. In other words, if FM is to be used, then the
Bluetooth core must be enabled.
■
The CYW43438 has an internal power-on reset (POR) circuit. The device will be held in reset for a maximum of 110 ms after VDDC
and VDDIO have both passed the POR threshold (see Table 24: “Recommended Operating Conditions and DC Characteristics” ).
Wait at least 150 ms after VDDC and VDDIO are available before initiating SDIO accesses.
■
VBAT and VDDIO should not rise faster than 40 µs. VBAT should be up before or at the same time as VDDIO. VDDIO should not
be present first or be held high before VBAT is high.
22.1.1 Description of Control Signals
■
WL_REG_ON: Used by the PMU to power up the WLAN section. It is also OR-gated with the BT_REG_ON input to control the
internal CYW43438 regulators. When this pin is high, the regulators are enabled and the WLAN section is out of reset. When this
pin is low the WLAN section is in reset. If both the BT_REG_ON and WL_REG_ON pins are low, the regulators are disabled.
BT_REG_ON: Used by the PMU (OR-gated with WL_REG_ON) to power up the internal CYW43438 regulators. If both the
BT_REG_ON and WL_REG_ON pins are low, the regulators are disabled. When this pin is low and WL_REG_ON is high, the BT
section is in reset.
Note: For both the WL_REG_ON and BT_REG_ON pins, there should be at least a 10 ms time delay between consecutive toggles
(where both signals have been driven low). This is to allow time for the CBUCK regulator to discharge. If this delay is not followed,
then there may be a VDDIO in-rush current on the order of 36 mA during the next PMU cold start.
■
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 93 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
22.1.2 Control Signal Timing Diagrams
Figure 38. WLAN = ON, Bluetooth = ON
32.678 kHz
Sleep Clock
VBAT
90% of VH
VDDIO
~ 2 Sleep cycles
WL_REG_ON
BT_REG_ON
Figure 39. WLAN = OFF, Bluetooth = OFF
32.678 kHz
Sleep Clock
VBAT
VDDIO
WL_REG_ON
BT_REG_ON
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 94 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Figure 40. WLAN = ON, Bluetooth = OFF
32.678 kHz
Sleep Clock
VBAT
90% of VH
VDDIO
~ 2 Sleep cycles
WL_REG_ON
BT_REG_ON
Figure 41. WLAN = OFF, Bluetooth = ON
32.678 kHz
Sleep Clock
VBAT
90% of VH
VDDIO
~ 2 Sleep cycles
WL_REG_ON
BT_REG_ON
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 95 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
23. Package Information
23.1 Package Thermal Characteristics
Table 46. Package Thermal Characteristics1
Characteristic
Value in Still Air
JA (°C/W)
JB (°C/W)
JC (°C/W)
54.75
JT (°C/W)
0.04
15.38
7.16
JB (°C/W)
Maximum Junction Temperature Tj
14.21
(°C)2
Maximum Power Dissipation (W)
125
1.2
1. No heat sink, TA = 70°C. This is an estimate based on a 4-layer PCB that conforms to EIA/JESD51–7
(101.6 mm x 114.3 mm x 1.6 mm) and P = 1.2W continuous dissipation.
2. Absolute junction temperature limits maintained through active thermal monitoring and dynamic TX duty cycle limiting.
23.1.1 Junction Temperature Estimation and PSI Versus Thetajc
Package thermal characterization parameter PSI-JT (JT) yields a better estimation of actual junction temperature (TJ) versus using
the junction-to-case thermal resistance parameter Theta-JC (JC). The reason for this is JC assumes that all the power is dissipated
through the top surface of the package case. In actual applications, some of the power is dissipated through the bottom and sides of
the package. JT takes into account power dissipated through the top, bottom, and sides of the package. The equation for calculating
the device junction temperature is as follows:
TJ = TT + P JT
Where:
■
TJ = junction temperature at steady-state condition, °C
■
TT = package case top center temperature at steady-state condition, °C
■
P = device power dissipation, Watts
■
JT = package thermal characteristics (no airflow), °C/W
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 96 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
24. Mechanical Information
Figure 42 shows the mechanical drawing for the CYW43438 WLBGA package.
Figure 42. 63-Ball WLBGA Mechanical Information
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 97 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Figure 43. WLBGA Package Keep-Out Areas—Top View with the Bumps Facing Down
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 98 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
25. Ordering Information
Table 47. Part Ordering Information
Part Number 1
CYW43438KUBG
Package
63-ball WLBGA halogen-free package
(4.87 mm x 2.87 mm, 0.40 pitch)
Description
2.4 GHz single-band WLAN
IEEE 802.11n + BT 4.1 + FMRX
Operating Ambient Temperature
–30°C to +70°C
1. Add “T” to the end of the part number to specify “Tape and Reel.”
26. Additional Information
26.1 Acronyms and Abbreviations
In most cases, acronyms and abbreviations are defined upon first use. For a more complete list of acronyms and other terms used
in Cypress documents, go to: http://www.cypress.com/glossary.
26.2 IoT Resources
Cypress provides a wealth of data at http://www.cypress.com/internet-things-iot to help you to select the right IoT device for your
design, and quickly and effectively integrate the device into your design. Cypress provides customer access to a wide range of
information, including technical documentation, schematic diagrams, product bill of materials, PCB layout information, and software
updates. Customers can acquire technical documentation and software from the Cypress Support Community website
(http://community.cypress.com/).
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 99 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Document History
Document Title: CYW43438 Single-Chip IEEE 802.11ac b/g/n MAC/Baseband/Radio with Integrated Bluetooth 4.1 and FM
Receiver
Document Number: 002-14796
Revision
ECN
Orig. of
Change
Submission
Date
**
-
-
3/18/2014
*A
-
-
4/07/2014
*B
-
-
4/18/2014
*C
-
-
6/09/2014
*D
-
-
09/05/2014
*E
-
-
10/03/2014
*F
-
-
01/12/2015
*G
-
-
Description of Change
43438-DS100-R
Initial release
43438-DS101-R
Refer to the earlier release for detailed revision history.
43438-DS102-R
Refer to the earlier release for detailed revision history.
43438-DS103-R
Refer to the earlier release for detailed revision history.
43438-DS104-R
Refer to the earlier release for detailed revision history.
43438-DS105-R
Refer to the earlier release for detailed revision history.
43438-DS106-R
Refer to the earlier release for detailed revision history.
07/01/2015
43438-DS107-R
• Updated:
• Table 20, “I/O States” .
• Table 23, “ESD Specifications” .
• Table 26, “WLAN 2.4 GHz Receiver Performance Specifications” .
• Table 27, “WLAN 2.4 GHz Transmitter Performance Specifications” .
• Table 35, “FM Receiver Specifications” .
• Table 40, “2.4 GHz Mode WLAN Power Consumption” .
08/24/2015
43438-DS108-R
• Updated:
• Figure 3: “Typical Power Topology (1 of 2),” on page 9 (43438) on page 16
and
• Figure 4: “Typical Power Topology (2 of 2),” on page 10 (43438) on page 16.
• Table 3, “Crystal Oscillator and External Clock Requirements and
Performance” .
• Table 20, “I/O States” .
*H
-
-
*I
5451420
UTSV
10/04/2016
Added Cypress Part Numbering Scheme and Mapping Table on Page 1.
Updated to Cypress template.
*J
5600128
YUCA
01/24/2017
Updated Figure 3
*K
5734075
RUPA
05/11/2017
Updated Cypress logo and Copyright information.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Page 100 of 101
PRELIMINARY
CYW43438
Sales, Solutions, and Legal Information
Worldwide Sales and Design Support
Cypress maintains a worldwide network of offices, solution centers, manufacturer’s representatives, and distributors. To find the office
closest to you, visit us at Cypress Locations.
PSoC® Solutions
Products
ARM® Cortex® Microcontrollers
Automotive
cypress.com/arm
cypress.com/automotive
Clocks & Buffers
Interface
cypress.com/clocks
cypress.com/interface
Internet of Things
Memory
cypress.com/iot
cypress.com/memory
Microcontrollers
cypress.com/mcu
PSoC
cypress.com/psoc
Power Management ICs
Cypress Developer Community
Forums | WICED IOT Forums | Projects | Video | Blogs |
Training | Components
Technical Support
cypress.com/support
cypress.com/pmic
Touch Sensing
cypress.com/touch
USB Controllers
Wireless Connectivity
PSoC 1 | PSoC 3 | PSoC 4 | PSoC 5LP | PSoC 6
cypress.com/usb
cypress.com/wireless
101
© Cypress Semiconductor Corporation, 2014-2017. This document is the property of Cypress Semiconductor Corporation and its subsidiaries, including Spansion LLC (“Cypress”). This document,
including any software or firmware included or referenced in this document (“Software”), is owned by Cypress under the intellectual property laws and treaties of the United States and other countries
worldwide. Cypress reserves all rights under such laws and treaties and does not, except as specifically stated in this paragraph, grant any license under its patents, copyrights, trademarks, or other
intellectual property rights. If the Software is not accompanied by a license agreement and you do not otherwise have a written agreement with Cypress governing the use of the Software, then Cypress
hereby grants you a personal, non-exclusive, nontransferable license (without the right to sublicense) (1) under its copyright rights in the Software (a) for Software provided in source code form, to
modify and reproduce the Software solely for use with Cypress hardware products, only internally within your organization, and (b) to distribute the Software in binary code form externally to end users
(either directly or indirectly through resellers and distributors), solely for use on Cypress hardware product units, and (2) under those claims of Cypress's patents that are infringed by the Software (as
provided by Cypress, unmodified) to make, use, distribute, and import the Software solely for use with Cypress hardware products. Any other use, reproduction, modification, translation, or compilation
of the Software is prohibited.
TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, CYPRESS MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH REGARD TO THIS DOCUMENT OR ANY SOFTWARE
OR ACCOMPANYING HARDWARE, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. To the extent
permitted by applicable law, Cypress reserves the right to make changes to this document without further notice. Cypress does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any
product or circuit described in this document. Any information provided in this document, including any sample design information or programming code, is provided only for reference purposes. It is
the responsibility of the user of this document to properly design, program, and test the functionality and safety of any application made of this information and any resulting product. Cypress products
are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as critical components in systems designed or intended for the operation of weapons, weapons systems, nuclear installations, life-support devices or
systems, other medical devices or systems (including resuscitation equipment and surgical implants), pollution control or hazardous substances management, or other uses where the failure of the
device or system could cause personal injury, death, or property damage (“Unintended Uses”). A critical component is any component of a device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably
expected to cause the failure of the device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. Cypress is not liable, in whole or in part, and you shall and hereby do release Cypress from any claim,
damage, or other liability arising from or related to all Unintended Uses of Cypress products. You shall indemnify and hold Cypress harmless from and against all claims, costs, damages, and other
liabilities, including claims for personal injury or death, arising from or related to any Unintended Uses of Cypress products.
Cypress, the Cypress logo, Spansion, the Spansion logo, and combinations thereof, WICED, PSoC, CapSense, EZ-USB, F-RAM, and Traveo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Cypress in
the United States and other countries. For a more complete list of Cypress trademarks, visit cypress.com. Other names and brands may be claimed as property of their respective owners.
Document Number: 002-14796 Rev. *K
Revised May 11, 2017
Page 101 of 101