TI1 LP3907QTL-VXSS/NOPB Dual high-current step-down dc-dc and dual linear regulator Datasheet

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LP3907-Q1
SNVSA55A – DECEMBER 2014 – REVISED MAY 2015
LP3907-Q1 Dual High-Current Step-Down DC-DC And Dual Linear Regulator With I2C
Interface
1 Features
2 Applications
•
•
•
•
•
1
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Input Voltage Range: 2.8 V to 5.5 V
Compatible with Advanced Applications
Processors and FPGAs
2 LDOs for Powering Internal Processor Functions
and I/Os
High-Speed Serial Interface for Independent
Control of Device Functions and Settings
Precision Internal Reference
Thermal Overload Protection
Current Overload Protection
Software Programmable Regulators
External Power-On-Reset Function for Buck1 and
Buck2 (Power Good with Delay Function)
Undervoltage Lockout Detector to Monitor Input
Supply Voltage
Step-Down DC-DC Converter (Buck)
– Programmable VOUT from:
– Buck1 : 0.8 V - 2 V at 1 A
– Buck2 : 1 V - 3.5 V at 600 mA
– Up to 96% Efficiency
– 2.1-MHz PWM Switching Frequency
– PWM-to-PFM Automatic Mode Change
Under Low Loads
– ±3% Output Voltage Accuracy
– Automatic Soft Start
Linear Regulators (LDO)
– Programmable VOUT of 1 V to 3.5 V
– ±3% Output Voltage Accuracy
– 300-mA Output Current
– 30-mV (typical) Dropout
FPGA, DSP Core Power
Applications Processors
Peripheral I/O Power
3 Description
The LP3907-Q1 is a multi-function, programmable
Power Management Unit, optimized for low power
FPGAs, microprocessors, and DSPs. This device
integrates two highly efficient 1-A/600-mA step-down
DC-DC converters with dynamic voltage management
(DVM), two 300-mA linear regulators, and a 400-kHz
I2C interface to allow a host controller access to the
internal control registers of the device. The LP3907Q1 additionally features programmable power-on
sequencing. This device is an Automotive-Grade
Product that is AECQ-100 Grade 1 Qualified.
Device Information(1)
PART NUMBER
LP3907-Q1
PACKAGE
BODY SIZE (NOM)
WQFN (24)
4.00 mm x 4.00 mm
DSBGA (25)
2.49 mm x 2.49 mm
(1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at
the end of the datasheet.
Typical Application Circuit
VINLDO12
EN_T
VDD
ENLDO1
1 PF
100k
ENLDO2
nPOR
ENSW1
VIN1
10 PF
ENSW2
2.2 PH
LDO1
SW1
0.47 PF
10 PF
FB1
VINLDO1
GND_SW1
LP3907-Q1
1 PF
VINLDO2
VIN2
1 PF
10 PF
LDO2
2.2 PH
0.47 PF
SW2
SDA
10 PF
FB2
SCL
GND_SW2
GND_L
GND_C
AVDD
DAP
1 PF
1
An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
LP3907-Q1
SNVSA55A – DECEMBER 2014 – REVISED MAY 2015
www.ti.com
Table of Contents
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Features ..................................................................
Applications ...........................................................
Description .............................................................
Revision History.....................................................
Device Comparison Tables...................................
Pin Configuration and Functions .........................
Specifications.........................................................
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.10
7.11
7.12
7.13
7.14
7.15
1
1
1
2
3
4
6
Absolute Maximum Ratings ...................................... 6
ESD Ratings.............................................................. 6
Recommended Operating Conditions (Bucks).......... 6
Thermal Information .................................................. 7
General Electrical Characteristics............................ 7
Low Dropout Regulators, LDO1 And LDO2............. 7
Buck Converters SW1, SW2.................................... 8
I/O Electrical Characteristics.................................... 9
Power-On Reset Threshold/Function (POR) ........... 9
I2C Interface Timing Requirements ....................... 9
Typical Characteristics — LDO............................... 9
Typical Characteristics — Bucks .......................... 11
Typical Characteristics — Buck1 .......................... 12
Typical Characteristics — Buck2 .......................... 12
Typical Characteristics — Bucks .......................... 13
8
Detailed Description ............................................ 15
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
9
Overview .................................................................
Functional Block Diagram .......................................
Feature Description.................................................
Device Functional Modes........................................
Programming ..........................................................
Register Maps ........................................................
15
15
16
25
25
28
Application and Implementation ........................ 38
9.1 Application Information............................................ 38
9.2 Typical Application ................................................. 38
10 Power Supply Recommendations ..................... 43
10.1 Analog Power Signal Routing ............................... 43
11 Layout................................................................... 44
11.1 DSBGA Layout Guidelines.................................... 44
11.2 Layout Example .................................................... 45
11.3 Thermal Considerations of WQFN Package......... 45
12 Device and Documentation Support ................. 46
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
Documentation Support ........................................
Trademarks ...........................................................
Electrostatic Discharge Caution ............................
Glossary ................................................................
46
46
46
46
13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
Information ........................................................... 46
4 Revision History
Changes from Original (December 2014) to Revision A
•
2
Page
Added last sentence to "NOTE" .......................................................................................................................................... 19
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5 Device Comparison Tables
Table 1. Default I2C Addresses
PACKAGE TYPE
DEFAULT I2C ADDRESS
24-lead WQFN
60
25-bump DSBGA
61
Table 2. Power Block
POWER BLOCK OPERATION
POWER BLOCK INPUT
ENABLED
VINLDO12
(1)
VIN+
NOTE
DISABLED
(1)
VIN+
Always powered
AVDD
VIN+
VIN+
Always powered
VIN1
VIN+
VIN+
VIN2
VIN+
VIN+
LDO1
≤ VIN+
≤ VIN+
If enabled, minimum VIN is 1.74 V
LDO2
≤ VIN+
≤ VIN+
If enabled, minimum VIN is 1.74 V
VIN+ is the largest potential voltage on the device.
Table 3. Default Device Options (1) (2)
PART NUMBER
BUCK1
BUCK2
LDO1
LDO2
BUCK MODES
DEFAULT EN_T
DELAY
DEFAULT UVLO
LP3907QSQ-JXIP/NOPB
1.2V
3.3V
1.8V
2.5V
Forced PWM
001
Enabled
LP3907QSQX-JXIP/NOPB
1.2V
3.3V
1.8V
2.5V
Forced PWM
001
Enabled
LP3907QSQ-JXI7/NOPB
1.2V
3.3V
1.8V
2.5V
Forced PWM
001
Disabled
LP3907QSQX-JXI7/NOPB
1.2V
3.3V
1.8V
2.5V
Forced PWM
001
Disabled
LP3907QSQ-JJXP/NOPB
1.2V
1.8V
3.3V
2.5V
Forced PWM
010
Disabled
LP3907QSQX-JJXP/NOPB
1.2V
1.8V
3.3V
2.5V
Forced PWM
010
Disabled
LP3907QTL-VXSS/NOPB
1.8V
3.3V
2.8V
2.8V
Forced PWM
010
Enabled
LP3907QTLX-VXSS/NOPB
1.8V
3.3V
2.8V
2.8V
Forced PWM
010
Enabled
(1)
(2)
For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI
website at www.ti.com.
Package drawings, thermal data, and symbolization are available at www.ti.com/packaging.
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6 Pin Configuration and Functions
WQFN (RTW)
24 Leads
Top View
17
16
15
14
13
1
2
3
4
5
6
21
10
20
11
19
12
18
9
22
8
23
7
24
DSBGA (YZR)
25 Pins
Top View
4
5
VIN
LDO2
VIN
LDO12
GND_S
W1
SW1
VIN1
4
LDO2
VIN
LDO12
EN_T
EN_S
W1
FB1
3
EN_
LDO2
EN_
LDO1
nPOR
GND_C
AVDD
2
LDO1
SCL
SDA
EN_
SW2
FB2
1
VIN
LDO1
GND_
L
GND_
SW2
SW2
VIN2
A
B
C
D
E
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Pin Functions
PIN
I/O
TYPE (1)
VINLDO12
I
PWR
C4
EN_T
I
D
Enable for preset power on sequence. (See .)
3
C3
nPOR
O
D
nPOR Power on reset pin for both Buck1 and Buck 2. Open drain logic
output 100-kΩ pull-up resistor. nPOR is pulled to ground when the
voltages on these supplies are not good. See Flexible Power-On Reset
(Power Good with Delay) section for more info.
4
C5
GND_SW1
G
G
Buck1 NMOS Power Ground
5
D5
SW1
O
PWR
Buck1 switcher output pin
6
E5
VIN1
I
PWR
Power in from either DC source or Battery to Buck1
7
D4
ENSW1
I
D
Enable Pin for Buck1 switcher, a logic HIGH enables Buck1
8
E4
FB1
I
A
Buck1 input feedback terminal
9
D3
GND_C
G
G
Non switching core ground pin
10
E3
AVDD
I
PWR
11
E2
FB2
I
A
Buck2 input feedback terminal
12
D2
ENSW2
I
D
Enable Pin for Buck2 switcher, a logic HIGH enables Buck2
13
E1
VIN2
I
PWR
Power in from either DC source or Battery to Buck2
14
D1
SW2
O
PWR
Buck2 switcher output pin
15
C1
GND_SW2
G
G
Buck2 NMOS Power ground
16
C2
SDA
I/O
D
I2C Data (bidirectional)
17
B2
SCL
I
D
I2C Clock
18
B1
GND_L
G
G
LDO ground
19
A1
VINLDO1
I
PWR
Power in from either DC source or battery to input terminal to LDO1
20
A2
LDO1
O
PWR
LDO1 Output
21
B3
ENLDO1
I
D
LDO1 enable pin, a logic HIGH enables the LDO1
22
A3
ENLDO2
I
D
LDO2 enable pin, a logic HIGH enables the LDO2
23
A4
LDO2
O
PWR
LDO2 Output
24
A5
VINLDO2
I
PWR
Power in from either DC source or battery to input terminal to LDO2.
DAP
GND
GND
Connection isn't necessary for electrical performance, but it is
recommended for better thermal dissipation.
WQFN
NUMBER
DSBGA
NUMBER
NAME
1
B4, B5
2
DAP
(1)
A: Analog Pin
D: Digital Pin
G: Ground Pin
DESCRIPTION
Analog Power for Internal Functions (VREF, BIAS, I2C, Logic)
Analog Power for Buck converters
PWR: Power Pin
I: Input Pin
I/O: Input/Output Pin
O: Output Pin.
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7 Specifications
7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
(1) (2)
VIN, SDA, SCL
MIN
MAX
–0.3
6
GND to GND SLUG
Power dissipation (DSBGA (YZR)) (3)
1.43
(4)
150
Maximum lead temperature (soldering)
260
−65
Storage temperature, Tstg
(4)
W
0.78
Junction temperature (TJ-MAX)
(2)
(3)
V
±0.3
Power dissipation (WQFN (RTW)) (3)
(1)
UNIT
°C
150
Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, which do not imply functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended
Operating Conditions. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
All voltages are with respect to the potential at the GND pin.
In applications where high power dissipation and/or poor package thermal resistance is present, the maximum ambient temperature may
have to be derated. Maximum ambient temperature (TA-MAX) is dependent on the maximum operating junction temperature (TJ-MAX-OP =
125°C), the maximum power dissipation of the device in the application (PD-MAX), and the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance of the
part/package in the application (RθJA), as given by the following equation: TA-MAX = TJ-MAX-OP − (RθJA × PD-MAX).
For TA = 85°C, TJ-MAX = 125°C.
7.2 ESD Ratings
VALUE
V(ESD)
(1)
Electrostatic discharge
Human-body model (HBM), per AEC Q100-002
(1)
UNIT
±2000
Charged-device model (CDM), per AEC Q100-011
V
±750
AEC Q100-002 indicates that HBM stressing shall be in accordance with the ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 specification.
7.3 Recommended Operating Conditions (Bucks)
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (1) (2) (3) (4)
MIN
NOM
MAX
VIN
2.8
5.5
VEN
0
(VIN + 0.3 V)
−40
125
−40
125
Junction temperature (TJ)
Ambient temperature (TA)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
6
(5)
UNIT
V
°C
Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, which do not imply functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended
Operating Conditions. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
All voltages are with respect to the potential at the GND pin.
Minimum (Min) and Maximum (Max) limits are ensured by design, test, or statistical analysis. Typical numbers are not ensured, but do
represent the most likely norm.
Buck VIN ≥ VOUT + 1V.
Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance is highly application and board-layout dependent. In applications where high maximum power
dissipation exists, special care must be paid to thermal dissipation issues in board design.
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7.4 Thermal Information (1) (2) (3)
LP3907-Q1
THERMAL METRIC (4)
RTW
YZR
24 PINS
25 PINS
RθJA
Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance
32.7
58.7
RθJC(top)
Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance
31.2
0.3
RθJB
Junction-to-board thermal resistance
11.2
8.0
ψJT
Junction-to-top characterization parameter
0.2
0.6
ψJB
Junction-to-board characterization parameter
11.2
8.0
RθJC(bot)
Junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance
1.4
N/A
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
UNIT
°C/W
Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance is highly application and board-layout dependent. In applications where high maximum power
dissipation exists, special care must be paid to thermal dissipation issues in board design.
Internal thermal shutdown circuitry protects the device from permanent damage. Thermal shutdown engages at TJ = 160°C (typ.) and
disengages at TJ = 140°C (typ.)
In applications where high power dissipation and/or poor package thermal resistance is present, the maximum ambient temperature may
have to be derated. Maximum ambient temperature (TA-MAX) is dependent on the maximum operating junction temperature (TJ-MAX-OP =
125°C), the maximum power dissipation of the device in the application (PD-MAX), and the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance of the
part/package in the application (RθJA), as given by the following equation: TA-MAX = TJ-MAX-OP − (RθJA × PD-MAX).
For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report, SPRA953.
7.5
General Electrical Characteristics
Unless otherwise noted, VIN = 3.6 V and TJ = 25°C. (1) (2) (3) (4)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
IQ
VINLDO12 shutdown current
VIN = 3.6 V
VPOR
Power-On reset threshold
VDD falling edge (4)
TSD
TSDH
UVLO
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
7.6
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
UNIT
µA
V
Thermal shutdown threshold
160
°C
Thermal shutdown hysteresis
20
°C
Undervoltage lock out
Rising
2.9
Falling
2.7
V
Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, which do not imply functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended
Operating Conditions. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
All voltages are with respect to the potential at the GND pin.
This specification is ensured by design.
VPOR is voltage at which the EPROM resets. This is different from the UVLO on VINLDO12, which is the voltage at which the
regulators shut off, and is also different from the nPOR function, which signals if the regulators are in a specified range.
Low Dropout Regulators, LDO1 And LDO2
Operational voltage range
VOUT Accuracy Output voltage accuracy (default
VOUT)
(3)
(4)
(5)
MAX
1.9
PARAMETER
(1)
(2)
TYP
3
Unless otherwise noted, VIN = 3.6 V, CIN = 1 µF, COUT = 0.47 µF, and TJ = 25°C.
VIN
MIN
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
TEST CONDITIONS
VINLDO1 and VINLDO2 PMOS pins
Load current = 1 mA
MIN
(8)
MAX
UNIT
1.74 (9)
TYP
5.5 (9)
V
–3% (9)
3% (9)
All voltages are with respect to the potential at the GND pin.
Min and Max limits are ensured by design, test, or statistical analysis. Typical numbers are not ensured, but do represent the most likely
norm.
CIN, COUT: Low-ESR Surface-Mount Ceramic Capacitors (MLCCs) used in setting electrical characteristics.
The device maintains a stable, regulated output voltage without a load.
Dropout voltage is the voltage difference between the input and the output at which the output voltage drops to 100 mV below its
nominal value.
Quiescent current is defined here as the difference in current between the input voltage source and the load at VOUT.
VIN minimum for line regulation values is 1.8 V.
Pins 24, 19 can operate from VIN min of 1.74 V to a VIN max of 5.5 V. This rating is only for the series pass PMOS power FET. It allows
the system design to use a lower voltage rating if the input voltage comes from a buck output.
Limits apply over the entire junction temperature range for operation, −40°C to 125°C.
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Low Dropout Regulators, LDO1 And LDO2 (continued)
Unless otherwise noted, VIN = 3.6 V, CIN = 1 µF, COUT = 0.47 µF, and TJ = 25°C.
PARAMETER
ΔVOUT
ISC
UNIT
%/V
Load regulation
VIN = 3.6 V,
Load current = 1 mA to IMAX
0.011 (9)
%/mA
Short circuit current limit
LDO1-2, VOUT = 0 V
θn
500
Load current = 50 mA
mA
30
Power supply ripple rejection
ƒ = 10 kHz, load current = IMAX
45
dB
Supply output noise
10 Hz < F < 100 KHz
80
µVrms
Quiescent current “on”
IOUT = 0 mA
40
µA
Quiescent current “on”
IOUT = IMAX
60
µA
0.03
µA
300
µs
0.33 (9)
0.47
µF
0.68
1
(11)
Quiescent current “off”
EN is de-asserted
Turnon time
Start-up from shutdown
Output capacitor
−40°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C
5 (9)
ESR
200
(9)
(5)
Capacitance for stability
0°C ≤ TJ ≤ 125°C
COUT
MAX
0.15 (9)
PSRR
TON
TYP
VIN = (VOUT + 0.3 V) to 5 V,
(7)
, load current = 1 mA
Dropout voltage
(10)
MIN
Line regulation
VIN – VOUT
IQ (6)
TEST CONDITIONS
(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)
mV
µF
500 (9)
mΩ
(10) The IQ can be defined as the standing current of the LP3907-Q1 when the I2C bus is active and all other power blocks have been
disabled via the I2C bus, or it can be defined as the I2C bus active, and the other power blocks are active under no load condition.
These two values can be used by the system designer when the LP3907-Q1 is powered using a battery.
(11) The IQ exhibits a higher current draw when the EN pin is de-asserted because the I2C buffer pins draw an additional 2 µA.
7.7
Buck Converters SW1, SW2
Unless otherwise noted, VIN = 3.6 V, CIN = 10 µF, COUT = 10 µF, LOUT = 2.2 µH ceramic, and TJ = 25°C.
PARAMETER
VFB
TEST CONDITIONS
Line regulation
2.8 V < VIN < 5.5 V
IOUT = 10 mA
Load regulation
100 mA < IOUT < IMAX
Eff
Efficiency
Load current = 250 mA
ISHDN
Shutdown supply current
EN is de-asserted
fOSC
Internal oscillator frequency
IPEAK
IQ
(8)
TYP
–3% (7)
Feedback voltage
VOUT
MIN
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
MAX
UNIT
3% (7)
0.089
%/V
0.0013
%/mA
96%
0.01
µA
2.1
MHz
Buck1 peak switching current limit
1.5
A
Buck2 peak switching current limit
1
33
µA
RDSON (P)
Pin-pin resistance PFET
200
mΩ
RDSON (N)
Pin-pin resistance NFET
180
mΩ
TON
Turnon time
Start up from shutdown
CIN
Input capacitor
Capacitance for stability
10
µF
CO
Output capacitor
Capacitance for stability
10
µF
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
8
Quiescent current “on”
1.7 (7)
No load PFM mode
500
µs
All voltages are with respect to the potential at the GND pin.
Minimum (Min) and Maximum (Max) limits are ensured by design, test, or statistical analysis. Typical numbers are not ensured, but do
represent the most likely norm.
CIN, COUT: Low-ESR Surface-Mount Ceramic Capacitors (MLCCs) used in setting electrical characteristics.
The device maintains a stable, regulated output voltage without a load.
Quiescent current is defined here as the difference in current between the input voltage source and the load at VOUT.
Buck VIN ≥ VOUT + 1 V.
Limits apply over the entire junction temperature range for operation, −40°C to 125°C.
The IQ can be defined as the standing current of the LP3907-Q1 when the I2C bus is active and all other power blocks have been
disabled via the I2C bus, or it can be defined as the I2C bus active, and the other power blocks are active under no load condition.
These two values can be used by the system designer when the device is powered using a battery.
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7.8
SNVSA55A – DECEMBER 2014 – REVISED MAY 2015
I/O Electrical Characteristics
Unless otherwise noted: Limits apply over the entire junction temperature range for operation, TJ = −40°C to 125°C.
PARAMETER
VIL
Input low level
VIH
Input high level
(1)
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
(1)
MAX
UNIT
0.4
1.2
V
This specification is ensured by design.
7.9
Power-On Reset Threshold/Function (POR)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
nPOR = Power on reset forBuck1 and Default
Buck2
nPOR
threshold
Percentage of target voltage Buck1
or Buck2
VBUCK1 AND VBUCK2 rising
94%
VBUCK1 OR VBUCK2 falling
85%
VOL
Output level low
Load = IoL = 500 mA
0.23
0.5
V
NOM
MAX
UNIT
400
kHz
7.10
50
UNIT
nPOR
ms
I2C Interface Timing Requirements
Unless otherwise noted, VIN = 3.6 V and TJ = 25°C. (1)
MIN
(1)
ƒCLK
Clock frequency
tBF
Bus-free time between start and stop
1.3
µs
tHOLD
Hold time repeated start condition
0.6
µs
tCLKLP
CLK low period
1.3
µs
tCLKHP
CLK high period
0.6
µs
tSU
Set-up time repeated start condition
0.6
µs
tDATAHLD
Data hold time
0
µs
tDATASU
Data set-up time
100
ns
TSU
Set-up time for start condition
0.6
µs
TTRANS
Maximum pulse width of spikes that
must be suppressed by the input filter
of both DATA & CLK signals
See (1)
50
ns
This specification is ensured by design.
7.11 Typical Characteristics — LDO
2.00
2.00
1.50
1.50
1.00
1.00
VOUT CHANGE (%)
VOUT CHANGE (%)
TA = 25°C unless otherwise noted.
0.50
0.00
-0.50
0.50
0.00
-0.50
-1.00
-1.00
-1.50
-1.50
-2.00
-50 -35 -20 -5 10 25 40 55 70 85 100
-2.00
-50 -35 -20 -5 10 25 40 55 70 85 100
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
VIN = 3.6 V
VOUT = 2.6 V
100-mA Load
Figure 1. Output Voltage Change vs Temperature (LDO1)
VIN = 3.6 V
VOUT = 2.6 V
100-mA Load
Figure 2. Output Voltage Change vs Temperature (LDO2)
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Typical Characteristics — LDO (continued)
TA = 25°C unless otherwise noted.
VIN = 3.6 V
VOUT = 2.6 V
0 to 150-mA Load
VIN = 3.6 V
Figure 3. Load Transient (LDO1)
VIN = 3.6 to 4.2 V
VOUT = 2.6 V
VOUT = 2.6 V
300-mA Load
VIN = 3.6 to 4.2 V
VOUT = 3.3 V
300-mA Load
Figure 6. Line Transient (LDO2)
1-mA Load
VIN = 0 to 3.6 V
Figure 7. Enable Start-Up Time (LDO1)
10
0 to 150-mA Load
Figure 4. Load Transient (LDO2)
Figure 5. Line Transient (LDO1)
VIN = 0 to 3.6 V
VOUT = 3.3 V
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VOUT = 3.3 V
1-mA Load
Figure 8. Enable Start-Up Time (LDO2)
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Typical Characteristics — LDO (continued)
TA = 25°C unless otherwise noted.
300
MAXIMUM LOAD (mA)
VIN = 1.74V
250
200
150
100
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
1.40
1.50
1.60
VOUT(V)
VIN = 1.74 V
Figure 9. LDO Maximum Load
7.12 Typical Characteristics — Bucks
0.15
1.05
0.12
1.03
IOUT = 750 mA
VIN = 5.5V
0.09
VOUT (V)
SHUTDOWN CURRENT (éA)
VIN= 2.8 V to 5.5 V, TA = 25°C
VIN = 3.6V
0.06
IOUT = 20 mA
1.01
0.99
IOUT = 1.0A
VIN = 2.7V
0.03
0.00
-40
0.97
-20
0
20
40
60
0.95
2.5
80
TEMPERATURE (°C)
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
VOUT = 1 V
Figure 10. Shutdown Current vs. Temp
Figure 11. Output Voltage vs. Supply Voltage
1.85
3.35
1.83
3.33
IOUT = 20 mA
VOUT (V)
VOUT (V)
IOUT = 300 mA
1.81
IOUT = 750 mA
1.79
IOUT = 20 mA
3.31
3.29
IOUT = 600 mA
1.77
1.75
2.7
3.27
IOUT = 1.0A
3.3
3.8
4.4
3.25
4.0
4.9
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
4.5
5.0
5.5
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
VOUT = 1.8 V
VOUT = 3.5 V
Figure 12. Output Voltage vs. Supply Voltage
Figure 13. Output Voltage vs. Supply Voltage
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7.13 Typical Characteristics — Buck1
VIN= 2.8 V to 5.5 V, TA = 25°C, VOUT = 1.2 V, 2 V
100
100
90
90
80
VIN= 2.8V
70
EFFICIENCY (%)
EFFICIENCY (%)
80
60
50
VIN= 3.6V
40
60
50
VIN = 3.6V
40
VIN = 5.5V
30
VIN= 5.5V
30
VIN = 2.8V
70
20
20
10
0.1
1
10
100
10
0.1
1000
1
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
VOUT = 1.2 V
L= 2.2 µH
VOUT = 2V
100
90
90
VIN = 5.5V
60
50
40
0.1
L= 2.2 µH
80
VIN= 3.6V
VIN= 5.5V
70
60
50
1
10
100
40
0.1
1000
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
VOUT = 1.2 V
1000
VIN= 2.8V
VIN = 2.8V
VIN = 3.6V
70
100
Figure 15. Efficiency vs Output Current (Forced PWM Mode)
100
EFFICIENCY (%)
EFFICIENCY (%)
Figure 14. Efficiency vs Output Current (Forced PWM Mode)
80
10
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
1
10
100
1000
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
VOUT = 2 V
L= 2.2 µH
Figure 16. Efficiency vs Output Current (PWM-to-PFM Mode)
L= 2.2 µH
Figure 17. Efficiency vs Output Current (PWM-to-PFM Mode)
7.14 Typical Characteristics — Buck2
100
100
90
90
80
80
70
EFFICIENCY (%)
EFFICIENCY (%)
VIN= 4.5 V to 5.5 V, TA = 25°C, VOUT = 1.8 V, 3.3 V
VIN= 4.5V
60
50
VIN= 5.5V
40
50
20
20
1
10
100
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
VIN= 5.5V
40
30
VOUT = 1.8 V
10
0.1
1000
1
10
100
1000
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
L= 2.2 µH
VOUT = 3.3 V
Figure 18. Efficiency vs Output Current (Forced PWM Mode)
12
60
30
10
0.1
VIN= 4.5V
70
L= 2.2 µH
Figure 19. Efficiency vs Output Current (Forced PWM
Mode)
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Typical Characteristics — Buck2 (continued)
VIN= 4.5 V to 5.5 V, TA = 25°C, VOUT = 1.8 V, 3.3 V
100
100
90
90
EFFICIENCY (%)
EFFICIENCY (%)
VIN= 4.5V
VIN= 4.5V
80
VIN= 5.5V
70
60
VOUT = 1.2 V
70
60
50
50
40
0.1
VIN= 5.5V
80
1
10
100
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
40
0.1
1000
1
10
100
1000
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
VOUT = 2 V
L= 2.2 µH
Figure 20. Efficiency vs Output Current (PWM-to-PFM Mode)
L= 2.2 µH
Figure 21. Efficiency vs Output Current (PWM-to-PFM Mode)
7.15 Typical Characteristics — Bucks
VIN= 3.6 V, TA = 25°C, VOUT = 1.2 V unless otherwise noted.
VOUT = 1.2 V
ILOAD = 300 to 500 mA
Figure 22. Load Transient Response (PWM Mode)
VIN = 3.6 to 4.2 V
VOUT = 1.2 V
250-mA Load
VOUT = 1.2 V
ILOAD = 50 to 150 mA
Figure 23. Mode Change By Load Transient (PFM-to-PWM
Mode)
VIN = 3.6 to 4.2 V
Figure 24. Line Transient Response
VOUT = 3.3 V
250-mA Load
Figure 25. Line Transient Response
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Typical Characteristics — Bucks (continued)
VIN= 3.6 V, TA = 25°C, VOUT = 1.2 V unless otherwise noted.
VOUT = 1.2 V
1-A Load
VOUT = 3.3 V
Figure 26. Start-Up Into PWM Mode
VOUT = 1.2 V
Figure 27. Start-Up Into PWM Mode
VOUT = 3.3 V
30-mA Load
Figure 28. Start-Up Into PFM Mode
14
600-mA Load
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Figure 29. Start-Up Into PFM Mode
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8 Detailed Description
8.1 Overview
The LP3907 supplies the various power needs of the application by means of two Linear Low Drop Regulators
(LDO1 and LDO2) and two Buck converters (SW1 and SW2). Table 4 lists the output characteristics of the
various regulators.
Table 4. Supply Specification
OUTPUT
SUPPLY
(1)
(1)
LOAD
VOUT RANGE (V)
RESOLUTION (mV)
IMAX
MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT
(mA)
300
LDO1
analog
1 to 3.5
100
LDO2
analog
1 to 3.5
100
300
SW1
digital
0.8 to 2
50
1000
SW2
digital
1 to 3.5
100
600
*For default values of the regulators, please consult Table 3.
8.2 Functional Block Diagram
DC SOURCE
4.5V - 5.5V
1 uF
10 PF
10 PF
LP3907-Q1 PMIC
VIN1
1P F
VIN2
1P F
AVDD
1P F
VINLDO2
VINLDO12
Cvdd
4.7 PF
VINLDO1
+
Li-ion/polymer cell 3.3V - 4.2V
ULVO
OSC
Vin OK
BUCK1
AVDD
Lsw1 2.2 PH 1.2V
VBUCK1
SW1
10 PF
VFB1
ENLDO1
Lsw1 2.2 PH
ENLDO2
Power
ON-OFF
Logic
ENSW 1
AVDD
BUCK2
3.3V
VBUCK2
SW2
10 PF
VFB2
ENSW 2
EN_T
Thermal
Shutdown
VINLDO1
3.3V
LDO1
LDO1
Cldo1
0.47 PF
RESET
VinLDO12
VINLDO2
2
I C_SCL
BIAS
I2C
2
LDO2
RDY1
Logic Control
and
Registers
GND_SW1
1.8V
LDO2
I C_SDA
GND_SW2
Cldo2
0.47 PF
RDY2
VDD
nPOR
Power On
Reset
GND_C
100k
GND_L
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8.3 Feature Description
8.3.1 DC-DC Converters
8.3.1.1 Linear Low Dropout Regulators (LDOs)
LDO1 and LDO2 are identical linear regulators targeting analog loads characterized by low noise requirements.
LDO1 and LDO2 are enabled through the ENLDO pin or through the corresponding LDO1 or LDO2 control
register. The output voltages of both LDOs are register programmable. The default output voltages are factory
programmed during Final Test, which can be tailored to the specific needs of the system designer.
VLDO
VIN
LDO
Register
controlled
+
-
ENLDO
Vref
GND
Figure 30. LDO Block Diagram
8.3.1.2 No-Load Stability
The LDOs remain stable and in regulation with no external load. This is an important consideration in some
circuits, for example, CMOS RAM keep-alive applications.
8.3.1.3 LDO and LDO2 Control Registers
LDO1 and LDO2 can be configured by means of the LDO1 and LDO2 control registers. The output voltage is
programmable in steps of 100 mV from 1 V to 3.5 V by programming bits D4-D0 in the LDO Control registers.
Both LDO1 and LDO2 are enabled by applying a logic 1 to the ENLDO1 and ENLDO2 pin. Enable/disable control
is also provided through enable bit of the LDO1 and LDO2 control registers. The value of the enable LDO bit in
the register is logic 1 by default. The output voltage can be altered while the LDO is enabled.
8.3.2 SW1, SW2: Synchronous Step-Down Magnetic DC-DC Converters
8.3.2.1 Functional Description
The LP3907-Q1 incorporates two high-efficiency synchronous switching buck regulators, SW1 and SW2, that
deliver a constant voltage from a single Li-Ion battery to the portable system processors. Using a voltage mode
architecture with synchronous rectification, both bucks have the ability to deliver up to 1000 mA and 600 mA,
respectively, depending on the input voltage and output voltage (voltage headroom), and the inductor chosen
(maximum current capability).
There are three modes of operation depending on the current required: PWM, PFM, and shutdown. PWM mode
handles current loads of approximately 70 mA or higher, delivering voltage precision of ±3% with 90% efficiency
or better. Lighter output current loads cause the device to automatically switch into PFM for reduced current
consumption (IQ = 15 µA typ.) and a longer battery life. The Standby operating mode turns off the device, offering
the lowest current consumption. PWM or PFM mode is selected automatically or PWM mode can be forced
through the setting of the buck control register.
Both SW1 and SW2 can operate up to a 100% duty cycle (PMOS switch always on) for low drop out control of
the output voltage. In this way the output voltage is controlled down to the lowest possible input voltage.
Additional features include soft-start, undervoltage lockout, current overload protection, and thermal overload
protection.
16
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Feature Description (continued)
8.3.2.2 Circuit Operation Description
A buck converter contains a control block, a switching PFET connected between input and output, a synchronous
rectifying NFET connected between the output and ground (BCKGND pin) and a feedback path. During the first
portion of each switching cycle, the control block turns on the internal PFET switch. This allows current to flow
from the input through the inductor to the output filter capacitor and load. The inductor limits the current to a
ramp with a slope of
VIN - VOUT
(1)
L
by storing energy in a magnetic field. During the second portion of each cycle, the control block turns the PFET
switch off, blocking current flow from the input, and then turns the NFET synchronous rectifier on. The inductor
draws current from ground through the NFET to the output filter capacitor and load, which ramps the inductor
current down with a slope of
-VOUT
(2)
L
The output filter stores charge when the inductor current is high, and releases it when low, smoothing the voltage
across the load.
8.3.2.3 PWM Operation
During PWM operation the converter operates as a voltage-mode controller with input voltage feed forward. This
allows the converter to achieve excellent load and line regulation. The DC gain of the power stage is proportional
to the input voltage. To eliminate this dependence, feed forward voltage inversely proportional to the input
voltage is introduced.
8.3.2.4 Internal Synchronous Rectification
While in PWM mode, the buck uses an internal NFET as a synchronous rectifier to reduce rectifier forward
voltage drop and associated power loss. Synchronous rectification provides a significant improvement in
efficiency whenever the output voltage is relatively low compared to the voltage drop across an ordinary rectifier
diode.
8.3.2.5 Current Limiting
A current limit feature allows the converter to protect itself and external components during overload conditions.
PWM mode implements current limiting using an internal comparator that trips at 1.5 A for Buck1 and at 1 A for
Buck2 (typ). If the output is shorted to ground the device enters a timed current limit mode where the NFET is
turned on for a longer duration until the inductor current falls below a low threshold, ensuring inductor current has
more time to decay, thereby preventing runaway.
8.3.2.6 PFM Operation
At very light loads, the converter enters PFM mode and operates with reduced switching frequency and supply
current to maintain high efficiency.
The part automatically transitions into PFM mode when either of two conditions occurs for a duration of 32 or
more clock cycles:
1. The inductor current becomes discontinuous, or
2. The peak PMOS switch current drops below the IMODE level
(Typically IMODE < 66 mA +
VIN
)
160:
(3)
During PFM operation, the converter positions the output voltage slightly higher than the nominal output voltage
during PWM operation, allowing additional headroom for voltage drop during a load transient from light to heavy
load. The PFM comparators sense the output voltage via the feedback pin and control the switching of the output
FETs such that the output voltage ramps between 0.8% and 1.6% (typical) above the nominal PWM output
voltage. If the output voltage is below the ‘low’ PFM comparator threshold, the PMOS power switch is turned on.
It remains on until the output voltage exceeds the ‘high’ PFM threshold or the peak current exceeds the IPFM level
set for PFM mode. The typical peak current in PFM mode is:
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Feature Description (continued)
IPFM = 66 mA +
VIN
80:
(4)
Once the PMOS power switch is turned off, the NMOS power switch is turned on until the inductor current ramps
to zero. When the NMOS zero-current condition is detected, the NMOS power switch is turned off. If the output
voltage is below the ‘high’ PFM comparator threshold (see Figure 31), the PMOS switch is again turned on and
the cycle is repeated until the output reaches the desired level. Once the output reaches the ‘high’ PFM
threshold, the NMOS switch is turned on briefly to ramp the inductor current to zero and then both output
switches are turned off and the part enters an extremely low power mode. Quiescent supply current during this
‘sleep’ mode is less than 30 µA, which allows the part to achieve high efficiencies under extremely light load
conditions. When the output drops below the ‘low’ PFM threshold, the cycle repeats to restore the output voltage
to approximately 1.6% above the nominal PWM output voltage.
If the load current should increase during PFM mode (see Figure 31) causing the output voltage to fall below the
‘low2’ PFM threshold, the part automatically transitions into fixed-frequency PWM mode.
8.3.2.7 SW1, SW2 Operation
SW1 and SW2 have selectable output voltages ranging from 0.8 V to 3.5 V (typ.). Both SW1 and SW2 in the
LP3907-Q1 are I2C register controlled and are enabled by default through the internal state machine of the
device following a power-on event that moves the operating mode to the Active state. (See Flexible Power
Sequencing of Multiple Power Supplies.) The SW1 and SW2 output voltages revert to default values when the
power-on sequence has been completed. The default output voltage for each buck converter is factory
programmable. (See Application and Implementation.)
8.3.2.8 SW1, SW2 Control Registers
SW1, SW2 can be enabled/disabled through the corresponding control register.
The Modulation mode PWM/PFM is by default automatic and depends on the load as described above in the
functional description. The modulation mode can be overridden by setting I2C bit to a logic 1 in the corresponding
buck control register, forcing the buck to operate in PWM mode regardless of the load condition.
High PFM Threshold
~1.016 * Vout
PFM Mode at Light Load
Load current
increases
Low1 PFM Threshold
~1.008 * Vout
ZA
xi
s
High PFM
Voltage
Threshold
reached,
go into
sleep mode
Low PFM
Threshold,
turn on
PFET
Low2 PFM Threshold,
switch back to PWMmode
Zs
Axi
Pfet on
until
Ipfm limit
reached
Nfet on
drains
inductor
current
until
I inductor = 0
Current load
increases,
draws Vout
towards
Low2 PFM
Threshold
Low2 PFM Threshold
Vout
PWM Mode at
Moderate to Heavy
Loads
Figure 31. Operation in PFM Mode and Transfer to PWM Mode
18
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Feature Description (continued)
8.3.2.9 Soft Start
The soft-start feature allows the power converter to gradually reach the initial steady state operating point, thus
reducing start-up stresses and surges. The two LP3907-Q1 buck converters have a soft-start circuit that limits inrush current during start-up. During start-up the switch current limit is increased in steps. Soft start is activated
only if EN goes from logic low to logic high after VIN reaches 2.8V. Soft start is implemented by increasing switch
current limit in steps of 180 mA, 300 mA, and 720 mA for Buck1; 161 mA, 300 mA, and 536 mA for Buck2
(typical switch current limit). The start-up time thereby depends on the output capacitor and load current
demanded at start-up.
8.3.2.10 Low Dropout Operation
The LP3907-Q1 can operate at 100% duty cycle (no switching; PMOS switch completely on) for low dropout
support of the output voltage. In this way the output voltage is controlled down to the lowest possible input
voltage. When the device operates near 100% duty cycle, output voltage ripple is approximately 25 mV. The
minimum input voltage needed to support the output voltage is:
VIN, MIN = ILOAD × (RDSON, PFET + RINDUCTOR) + VOUT
where
•
•
•
ILOAD = Load current
RDSON, PFET = Drain to source resistance of
RINDUCTOR = Inductor resistance
PFET switch in the triode region
(5)
8.3.2.11 Flexible Power Sequencing of Multiple Power Supplies
The LP3907-Q1 provides several options for power on sequencing. The two bucks can be individually controlled
with ENSW1 and ENSW2. The two LDOs can also be individually controlled with ENLDO1 and ENLDO2.
If the user desires a set power on sequence, the chip is programmable through I2C and raise EN_T from LOW to
HIGH to activate the power on sequencing.
8.3.2.12 Power-Up Sequencing Using the EN_T Function
EN_T assertion causes the LP3907-Q1 to emerge from Standby mode to Full Operation mode at a preset timing
sequence. By default, the enables for the LDOs and Bucks (ENLDO1, ENLDO2, EN_T, ENSW1, ENSW2) are
500 KΩ internally pulled down, which causes the part to stay OFF until enabled. If the user wishes to use the
preset timing sequence to power on the regulators, transition the EN_T pin from Low to High. Otherwise, simply
tie the enables of each specific regulator HIGH to turn on automatically.
EN_T is edge triggered with rising edge signaling the chip to power on. The EN_T input is deglitched, and the
default is set at 1 ms. As shown inFigure 32 and Figure 33, a rising EN_T edge starts a power-on sequence,
while a falling EN_T edge starts a shutdown sequence. If EN_T is high, toggling the external enables of the
regulators has no effect on the chip.
The regulators can also be programmed through I2C to turn on and off. By default, I2C enables for the regulators
turned ON.
The regulators are on following the pattern below:
Regulators on = (I2C enable) AND (External pin enable OR EN_T high).
NOTE
The EN_T power-up sequencing may also be employed immediately after VIN is applied to
the device. However, VIN must be stable for approximately 8 ms minimum before EN_T be
asserted high to ensure internal bias, reference, and the Flexible POR timing are
stabilized. This initial EN_T delay is necessary only upon first time device power on for
power sequencing function to operate properly. If the device is powered, the EN_T logic
must be stable for 12 ms minimum before switching state.
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Feature Description (continued)
2
I C
Regulator ON
Ext_Enable
Pins
0
1
Start Programmed
Timing Sequence
EN_T
Figure 32. Power Rail Enable Logic
EN_T
t1
Vout Buck1
t2
Vout Buck2
t3
Vout LDO1
t4
Vout LDO2
Figure 33. LP3907-Q1 Default Power-Up Sequence
Table 5. Power-On Timing Specification
DESCRIPTION
MIN
NOM
TYP
UNIT
t1
Programmable Delay from EN_T assertion to VCC_Buck1 On
1.5
ms
t2
Programmable Delay from EN_T assertion to VCC_Buck2 On
2
ms
t3
Programmable Delay from EN_T assertion to VCC_LDO1 On
3
ms
t4
Programmable Delay from EN_T assertion to VCC_LDO2 On
6
ms
EN_T
Vout Buck1
t1
Vout Buck2
t2
Vout LDO1
t3
Vout LDO2
t4
Figure 34. LP3907-Q1 Default Power-Off Sequence
20
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Table 6. Power-Off Timing Specification
DESCRIPTION
MIN
NOM
MAX
UNIT
t1
Programmable Delay from EN_T deassertion to VCC_Buck1 Off
1.5
ms
t2
Programmable Delay from EN_T deassertion to VCC_Buck2 Off
2
ms
t3
Programmable Delay from EN_T deassertion to VCC_LDO1 Off
3
ms
t4
Programmable Delay from EN_T deassertion to VCC_LDO2 Off
6
ms
8.3.3 Flexible Power-On Reset (Power Good with Delay)
The LP3907-Q1 is equipped with an internal Power-On-Reset (POR) circuit which monitors the output voltage
levels on Bucks 1 and 2. The nPOR is an open drain logic output which is logic LOW when either of the buck
outputs are below 91% of the rising value , or when one or both outputs fall below 82% of the desired value. The
time delay between output voltage level and nPOR is enabled is (50 µs, 50 ms, 100 ms, 200 ms) 50 ms by
default. The system designer can choose the external pull-up resistor (that is, 100 kΩ) for the nPOR pin.
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t2
t1
Case1
EN1
EN2
RDY1
RDY2
0V
Counter
delay
nPOR
t2
t1
Case2
EN1
EN2
RDY1
0V
RDY2
Counter
delay
nPOR
t2
t1
Case3
EN1
EN2
RDY1
RDY2
Counter
delay
nPOR
Figure 35. nPOR with Counter Delay
Figure 35 shows the simplest application of the Power On Reset, where both switcher enables are tied together.
In Case 1, EN1 causes nPOR to transition LOW and triggers the nPOR delay counter. If the power supply for
Buck2 does not come on within that period, nPOR stays LOW, indicating a power fail mode. Case 2 indicates the
vice versa scenario if Buck1 supply did not come on. In both cases the nPOR remains LOW.
Case 3 shows a typical application of the Power On Reset, where both switcher enables are tied together. Even
if RDY1 ramps up slightly faster than RDY2 (or vice versa), then nPOR signal triggers a programmable delay
before going HIGH, as explained below.
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t0
t1
t2
t3
t4
EN1
RDY1
Counter
delay
Counter
delay
nPOR
EN2
RDY2
Figure 36. Faults Occurring in Counter Delay After Start-Up
Figure 36 details the Power good with delay with respect to the enable signals EN1, and EN2. The RDY1, RDY2
are internal signals derived from the output of two comparators. Each comparator has been trimmed as follows:
COMPARATOR LEVEL
BUCK SUPPLY LEVEL
HIGH
Greater than 94%
LOW
Less than 85%
The circuits for EN1 and RDY1 is symmetrical to EN2 and RDY2, so each reference to EN1 and RDY1 also
works for EN2 and RDY2 and vice versa.
If EN1 and RDY1 signals are High at time t1, then the RDY1 signal rising edge triggers the programmable delay
counter (50 μs, 50 ms, 100 ms, 200 ms). This delay forces nPOR LOW between time interval t1 and t2. nPOR is
then pulled high after the programmable delay is completed. Now if EN2 and RDY2 are initiated during this
interval the nPOR signal ignores this event.
If either RDY1or RDY2 were to go LOW at t3 then the programmable delay is triggered again.
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t0
t1
t2
t3
t4
EN1
RDY1
Counter
delay
nPOR
Case 1:
EN2
RDY2
Mask Time
Mask
Window
Counter
delay
nPOR
Case 2:
EN2
RDY2
0V
Mask Time
nPOR
Mask
Window
Counter
delay
Figure 37. nPOR Mask Window
If the EN1 and RDY1 are initiated in normal operation, then nPOR is asserted and deasserted as explained in
Figure 37.
Case 1 shows the case where EN2 and RDY2 are initiated after triggered programmable delay. To prevent the
nPOR being asserted again, a masked window (5 ms) counter delay is triggered off the EN2 rising edge. nPOR
is still held HIGH for the duration of the mask, whereupon the nPOR status afterwards depends on the status of
both RDY1 and RDY2 lines.
Case 2 shows the case where EN2 is initiated after the RDY1 triggered programmable delay, but RDY2 never
goes HIGH (Buck2 never turns on). Normal operation operation of nPOR occurs wilth respect to EN1 and RDY1,
and the nPOR signal is held HIGH for the duration of the mask window. We see that nPOR goes LOW after the
masking window has timed out because it is now dependent on RDY1 and RDY2, where RDY2 is LOW.
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Delay Mask Counter
EN1
RDY1
EN2
RDY2
S
Q
R
Q
Delay
nPOR
POR
Delay Mask Counter
Figure 38. Design Implementation of the Flexible Power-On Reset
An internal Power-on reset of the IC is used with EN1, and EN2 to produce a reset signal (LOW) to the delay
timer nPOR. EN1 and RDY1 or EN2 and RDY2 are used to generate the set signal (HIGH) to the delay timer.
S=R=1 never occurs. The mask timers are triggered off EN1 and EN2 which are gated with RDY1, and RDY2 to
generate outputs to the final AND gate to generate the nPOR.
8.3.4 Undervoltage Lockout
The LP3907-Q1 features an undervoltage lockout circuit. The function of this circuit is to continuously monitor the
raw input supply voltage (VINLDO12) and automatically disables the four voltage regulators whenever this supply
voltage is less than 2.8 VDC.
The circuit incorporates a bandgap based circuit that establishes the reference used to determine the 2.8 VDC
trip point for a VIN OK – Not OK detector. This VIN OK signal is then used to gate the enable signals to the four
regulators of the device. When VINLDO12 is greater than 2.8 VDC the four enables control the four regulators,
when VINLDO12 is less than 2.8 VDC the four regulators are disabled by the VIN detector being in the “Not OK”
state. The circuit has built-in hysteresis to prevent chattering occurring.
8.4 Device Functional Modes
8.4.1 Shutdown Mode
During shutdown the PFET switch, reference, control and bias circuitry of the converters are turned off. The
NFET switch is on in shutdown to discharge the output. When the converter is enabled, soft start is activated. It
is recommended to disable the converter during the system power up and undervoltage conditions when the
supply is less than 2.8 V.
8.5 Programming
8.5.1 I2C-Compatible Serial Interface
8.5.1.1 I2C Signals
The LP3907-Q1features an I2C-compatible serial interface, using two dedicated pins: SCL and SDA for I2C clock
and data respectively. Both signals need a pull-up resistor according to the I2C specification. The LP3907-Q1
interface is an I2C slave that is clocked by the incoming SCL clock.
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Programming (continued)
Signal timing specifications are according to the I2C bus specification. The maximum bit rate is 400kbit/s. See I2C
specification from NXP Semiconductors for further details.
8.5.1.2 I2C Data Validity
The data on the SDA line must be stable during the HIGH period of the clock signal (SCL); for example, the state
of the data line can only be changed when CLK is LOW.
2
I C_SCL
2
I C_SDA
data
change
allowed
data
valid
data
change
allowed
data
change
allowed
data
valid
Figure 39. I2C Signals: Data Validity
8.5.1.3 I2C Start and Stop Conditions
START and STOP bits classify the beginning and the end of the I2C session. START condition is defined as the
SDA signal transitioning from HIGH to LOW while the SCL line is HIGH. STOP condition is defined as the SDA
transitioning from LOW to HIGH while the SCL is HIGH. The 2C master always generates START and STOP
bits. The I2C bus is considered to be busy after START condition and free after STOP condition. During data
transmission, I2C master can generate repeated START conditions. First START and repeated START
conditions are equivalent, function-wise.
2
I C_SDA
2
I C_SCL
S
START condition
P
STOP
condition
Figure 40. Start and Stop Conditions
8.5.1.4 Transferring Data
Every byte put on the SDA line must be eight bits long, with the most significant bit (MSB) being transferred first.
Each byte of data has to be followed by an acknowledge bit. The acknowledged related clock pulse is generated
by the master. The transmitter releases the SDA line (HIGH) during the acknowledge clock pulse. The receiver
must pull down the SDA line during the 9th clock pulse, signifying acknowledgment. A receiver which has been
addressed must generate an acknowledgment (“ACK”) after each byte has been received.
After the START condition, the I2C master sends a chip address. This address is seven bits long followed by an
eighth bit which is a data direction bit (R/W).
NOTE
Please note that according to industry I2C standards for 7-bit addresses, the MSB of an 8bit address is removed, and communication actually starts with the 7th most significant bit.
For the eighth bit (LSB), a “0” indicates a WRITE and a “1” indicates a READ. The second
byte selects the register to which the data is written. The third byte contains data to write
to the selected register.
The LP3907-Q1 has factory-programmed I2C addresses. The WQFN chip has a chip address of 60'h, while the
DSBGA chip has a chip address of 61'h.
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Programming (continued)
LSB
MSB
ADR6
bit7
ADR5
bit6
ADR4
bit5
ADR3
bit4
ADR2
bit3
ADR1
bit2
ADR0
bit1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
R/W
bit0
I2C SLAVE address (chip address)
Figure 41. I2C Chip Address (see note above)
start
msb Chip Address lsb w ack
ack from slave
ack from slave
ack from slave
msb Register Add lsb
ack
msb
DATA
lsb
ack
stop
ack
stop
SCL
1 2
3 4 5 6
7
8
9 1 2 3 ...
SDA
start
id = K¶60
addr = K¶02
w ack
DGGUHVVK¶$$GDWD
ack
w = write (SDA = “0”)
r = read (SDA = “1”)
ack = acknowledge (SDA pulled down by either master or slave)
rs = repeated start
id = LP3907-Q1 WQFN chip address: 0x60; DSBGA chip address: 0x61
Figure 42. I2C Write Cycle
When a READ function is to be accomplished, a WRITE function must precede the READ function, as shown in
the Read Cycle waveform.
ack from slave
start
msb Chip Address lsb w ack
ack from slave repeated start
msb Register Add lsb
ack
rs
SCL
ack from slave
msb Chip Address lsb
r ack
id = K¶60
r ack
data from slave
msb
DATA
ack from master
lsb
ack stop
.
SDA
start
id = K¶60
w ack
register addr = K¶10
ack
rs
GDWDDGGUK¶6A
ack stop
Figure 43. I2C Read Cycle
8.5.2 Factory Programmable Options
Table 7 shows options EPROM programmed during final test of the LP3907-Q1. The system designer that needs
specific options is advised to contact the TI sales office.
Table 7. Factory-Programmable Options
FACTORY PROGRAMMABLE OPTIONS
Enable delay for power on
CURRENT VALUE
code 010 (see Control 1 Register (SCR1) 0x07)
SW1 ramp speed
8 mV/µs
SW2 ramp speed
8 mV/µs
The I2C Chip ID address is offered as a metal mask option. The current address for the WQFN chip equals 0x60,
while the address for the DSBGA chip is 0x61.
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8.6 Register Maps
8.6.1 LP3907-Q1 Control Registers
REGISTER
ADDRESS
REGISTER
NAME
READ/WRITE
REGISTER DESCRIPTION
0x02
ICRA
R
Interrupt Status Register A
0x07
SCR1
R/W
System Control 1 Register
0x10
BKLDOEN
R/W
Buck and LDO Output Voltage Enable Register
0x11
BKLDOSR
R
Buck and LDO Output Voltage Status Register
0x20
VCCR
R/W
Voltage Change Control Register 1
0x23
B1TV1
R/W
Buck1 Target Voltage 1 Register
0x24
B1TV2
R/W
Buck1 Target Voltage 2 Register
0x25
B1RC
R/W
Buck1 Ramp Control
0x29
B2TV1
R/W
Buck2 Target Voltage 1 Register
0x2A
B2TV2
R/W
Buck2 Target Voltage 2 Register
0x2B
B2RC
R/W
Buck2 Ramp Control
0x38
BFCR
R/W
Buck Function Register
0x39
LDO1VCR
R/W
LDO1 Voltage Control Registers
0x3A
LDO2VCR
R/W
LDO2 Voltage Control Registers
8.6.1.1 Interrupt Status Register (ISRA) 0x02
This register informs the System Engineer of the temperature status of the chip.
D7-D2
D1
D0
Name
—
Temp 125°C
—
Access
—
R
—
Data
Reserved
Status bit for thermal warning
PMIC T>125°C
0 – PMIC Temp. < 125°C
1 – PMIC Temp. > 125°C
Reserved
Reset
0
0
0
8.6.1.2 Control 1 Register (SCR1) 0x07
This register allows the user to select the preset delay sequence for power-on timing, to switch between PFM
and PWM mode for the bucks, and also to select between an internal and external clock for the bucks.
D7
D6-D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Name
—
EN_DLY
—
FPWM2
FPWM1
ECEN
Access
—
R/W
—
R/W
R/W
R/W
Data
Reserved
Selects the preset
delay sequence from
EN_T assertion
(shown below)
Reserved
Buck2 PWM /PFM Mode
select
0 – Auto Switch PFM PWM operation
1 – PWM Mode Only
Buck 1 PWM /PFM
Mode select
0 – Auto Switch PFM PWM operation
1 – PWM Mode Only
Reserved
Reset
0
Factory-Programmed
Default
1
Factory-Programmed
Default
Factory-Programmed
Default
0
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8.6.1.3 EN_DLY Preset Delay Sequence After EN_T Assertion
DELAY (ms)
EN_DLY<2:0>
BUCK1
BUCK2
LDO1
LDO2
000
1
1
1
1
001
1
1.5
2
2
010
1.5
2
3
6
011
1.5
2
1
1
100
1.5
2
3
6
101
1.5
1.5
2
2
110
3
2
1
1.5
111
2
3
6
11
8.6.1.4 Buck and LDO Output Voltage Enable Register (BKLDOEN) – 0x10
This register controls the enables for the Bucks and LDOs.
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Name
—
LDO2EN
—
LDO1EN
—
BK2EN
—
BK1EN
Access
—
R/W
—
R/W
—
R/W
—
R/W
Data
Reserved
0 – Disable
1 – Enable
Reserved
0 – Disable
1 – Enable
Reserved
0 – Disable
1 – Enable
Reserved
0 – Disable
1 – Enable
Reset
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
8.6.1.5 Buck and LDO Status Register (BKLDOSR) – 0x11
This register monitors whether the Bucks and LDOs meet the voltage output specifications.
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
Name
BKS_OK
LDOS_OK
LDO2_OK
LDO1_OK
—
BK2_OK
—
BK1_OK
Access
R
R
R
R
—
R
—
R
Data
0 – Buck 1-2
Not Valid
1 – Bucks Valid
0 – LDO 1-2
Not Valid
1 – LDOs Valid
0 – LDO2 Not
Valid
1 – LDO2 Valid
0 – LDO1 Not
Valid
1 – LDO1 Valid
Reserve
d
0 – Buck2 Not
Valid
1 – Buck2 Valid
Reserve
d
0 – Buck1 Not
Valid
1 – Buck1 Valid
Reset
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8.6.1.6 Buck Voltage Change Control Register 1 (VCCR) – 0x20
This register selects and controls the output target voltages for the buck regulators.
D7-6
D5
D4
D3-2
D1
D0
Name
—
B2VS
B2GO
—
B1VS
B1GO
Access
—
R/W
R/W
—
R/W
R/W
Data
Reserved
Buck2 Target Voltage
Select
0 – B2VT1
1 – B2VT2
Buck2 Voltage Ramp
CTRL
0 – Hold
1 – Ramp to B2VS
selection
Reserved
Buck1 Target Voltage
Select
0 – B1VT1
1 – B1VT2
Buck1 Voltage Ramp
CTRL
0 – Hold
1 – Ramp to B1VS
selection
Reset
00
0
0
00
0
0
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8.6.1.7 Buck1 Target Voltage 1 Register (B1TV1) – 0x23
This register allows the user to program the output target voltage of Buck1.
D7-D5
D4-D0
Name
—
BK1_VOUT1
Access
—
R/W
Data
Reserved
Buck1 Output Voltage (V)
5’h00
Ext Ctrl
5’h01
0.80
5’h02
0.85
5’h03
0.90
5’h04
0.95
5’h05
1.00
5’h06
1.05
5’h07
1.10
5’h08
1.15
5’h09
1.20
5’h0A
1.25
5’h0B
1.30
5’h0C
1.35
5’h0D
1.40
5’h0E
1.45
5’h0F
1.50
5’h10
1.55
5’h11
1.60
5’h12
1.65
5’h13
1.70
5’h14
1.75
5’h15
1.80
5’h16
1.85
5’h17
1.90
5’h18
1.95
5’h19
2.00
5’h1A–5’h1F
Reset
30
000
2.00
Factory-Programmed Default
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8.6.1.8 Buck1 Target Voltage 2 Register (B1TV2) – 0x24
This register allows the user to program the output target voltage of Buck1.
D7-D5
D4-D0
Name
—
BK1_VOUT2
Access
—
R/W
Data
Reserved
Buck1 Output Voltage (V)
5’h00
Ext Ctrl
5’h01
0.80
5’h02
0.85
5’h03
0.90
5’h04
0.95
5’h05
1.00
5’h06
1.05
5’h07
1.10
5’h08
1.15
5’h09
1.20
5’h0A
1.25
5’h0B
1.30
5’h0C
1.35
5’h0D
1.40
5’h0E
1.45
5’h0F
1.50
5’h10
1.55
5’h11
1.60
5’h12
1.65
5’h13
1.70
5’h14
1.75
5’h15
1.80
5’h16
1.85
5’h17
1.90
5’h18
1.95
5’h19
2.00
5’h1A–5’h1F
Reset
(1)
000
(1)
2.00
Factory-Programmed Default
If using Ext Ctrl, contact TI Sales for support.
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8.6.1.9 Buck1 Ramp Control Register (B1RC) - 0x25
This register allows the user to program the rate of change between the target voltages of Buck1.
D7
D6-D4
D3-D0
Name
----
----
B1RS
Access
----
----
R/W
Reserved
Reserved
Data
Data Code
Ramp Rate mV/us
4h'0
Instant
4h'1
1
4h'2
2
4h'3
3
4h'4
4
4h'5
5
4h'6
6
4h'7
7
4h'8
8
4h'9
9
4h'A
10
4h'B - 4h'F
Reset
32
0
010
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8.6.1.10 Buck2 Target Voltage 1 Register (B2TV1) – 0x29
This register allows the user to program the output target voltage of Buck2.
D7-D5
D4-D0
Name
—
BK2_VOUT1
Access
—
R/W
Data
Reserved
Buck2 Output Voltage (V)
5’h00
Ext Ctrl
5’h01
1.0
5’h02
1.1
5’h03
1.2
5’h04
1.3
5’h05
1.4
5’h06
1.5
5’h07
1.6
5’h08
1.7
5’h09
1.8
5’h0A
1.9
5’h0B
2.0
5’h0C
2.1
5’h0D
2.2
5’h0E
2.4
5’h0F
2.5
5’h10
2.6
5’h11
2.7
5’h12
2.8
5’h13
2.9
5’h14
3.0
5’h15
3.1
5’h16
3.2
5’h17
3.3
5’h18
3.4
5’h19
3.5
5’h1A–5’h1F
Reset
000
3.5
Factory-Programmed Default
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8.6.1.11 Buck2 Target Voltage 2 Register (B2TV2) – 0x2A
This register allows the user to program the output target voltage of Buck2.
D7-5
D4-0
Name
—
BK2_VOUT2
Access
—
R/W
Data
Reserved
Buck2 Output Voltage (V)
5’h00
Ext Ctrl
5’h01
1.0
5’h02
1.1
5’h03
1.2
5’h04
1.3
5’h05
1.4
5’h06
1.5
5’h07
1.6
5’h08
1.7
5’h09
1.8
5’h0A
1.9
5’h0B
2.0
5’h0C
2.1
5’h0D
2.2
5’h0E
2.4
5’h0F
2.5
5’h10
2.6
5’h11
2.7
5’h12
2.8
5’h13
2.9
5’h14
3.0
5’h15
3.1
5’h16
3.2
5’h17
3.3
5’h18
3.4
5’h19
3.5
5’h1A–5’h1F
Reset
(1)
34
000
(1)
3.5
Factory-Programmed Default
If using Ext Ctrl, contact TI Sales for support.
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8.6.1.12 Buck2 Ramp Control Register (B2RC) - 0x2B
This register allows the user to program the rate of change between the target voltages of Buck2.
D7
D6-D4
D3-D0
Name
----
----
B2RS
Access
----
----
R/W
Reserved
Reserved
Data
Data Code
Ramp Rate mV/us
4h'0
Instant
4h'1
1
4h'2
2
4h'3
3
4h'4
4
4h'5
5
4h'6
6
4h'7
7
4h'8
8
4h'9
9
4h'A
10
4h'B - 4h'F
Reset
0
10
010
1000
8.6.1.13 Buck Function Register (BFCR) – 0x38
Clock Frequency
This register allows the Buck switcher clock frequency to be spread across a wider range, allowing for less
Electro-magnetic Interference (EMI). The spread spectrum modulation frequency refers to the rate at which the
frequency ramps up and down, centered at 2 MHz.
Spread Spectrum
frequency
Peak frequency deviation
2 kHz triangle
wave
10 kHz triangle
wave
2 MHz
Time
Figure 44. Spread Spectrum Modulation Frequency
This register also allows dynamic scaling of the nPOR Delay Timing. The LP3907-Q1 is equipped with an internal
Power-On-Reset (POR) circuit which monitors the output voltage levels on the buck regulators, allowing the user
to more actively monitor the power status of the chip.
The undervoltage lockout (UVLO) feature continuously monitor the raw input supply voltage (VINLDO12) and
automatically disables the four voltage regulators whenever this supply voltage is less than 2.8 VDC. This
prevents the user from damaging the power source (such as battery), but can be disabled if the user wishes.
Note that if the supply to VDD_M is close to 2.8 V with a heavy load current on the regulators, the chip is in
danger of powering down due to UVLO. If the user wishes to keep the chip active under those conditions, enable
the “Bypass UVLO” feature.
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D7-D5
Name
Access
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D4
D3-D2
D1
D0
—
BP_UVLO
TPOR
BK_SLOMOD
BK_SSEN
—
R/W
R/w
R/W
R/W
Bypass UVLO
monitoring
0 - Allow UVLO
1 - Disable UVLO
nPOR Delay Timing
00 - 50 µs
01 - 50 ms
10 - 100 ms
11 - 200 ms
Buck Spread Spectrum
Modulation
0 – 10 kHz triangular wave
1 – 2 kHz triangular wave
Spread Spectrum
Function Output
0 – Disabled
1 – Enabled
Data
Reserved
Reset
000
Factory-Programmed
Default
01
1
0
8.6.1.14 LDO1 Control Register (LDO1VCR) – 0x39
This register allows the user to program the output target voltage of LDO 1.
Name
Access
Data
D7-D5
D4-D0
—
LDO1_OUT
—
R/W
Reserved
LDO1 Output voltage (V)
5’h00
1.0
5’h01
1.1
5’h02
1.2
5’h03
1.3
5’h04
1.4
5’h05
1.5
5’h06
1.6
5’h07
1.7
5’h08
1.8
5’h09
1.9
5’h0A
2.0
5’h0B
2.1
5’h0C
2.2
5’h0D
2.3
5’h0E
2.4
5’h0F
2.5
5’h10
2.6
5’h11
2.7
5’h12
2.8
5’h13
2.9
5’h14
3.0
5’h15
3.1
5’h16
3.2
5’h17
3.3
5’h18
3.4
5’h19
3.5
5’h1A–5’h1F
Reset
36
000
3.5
Factory-Programmed Default
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8.6.1.15 LDO2 Control Register (LDO2VCR) – 0x3A
This register allows the user to program the output target voltage of LDO 2.
D7-D5
D4-D0
Name
—
LDO2_OUT
Access
—
R/W
Data
Reserved
LDO2 Output voltage (V)
5’h00
1.0
5’h01
1.1
5’h02
1.2
5’h03
1.3
5’h04
1.4
5’h05
1.5
5’h06
1.6
5’h07
1.7
5’h08
1.8
5’h09
1.9
5’h0A
2.0
5’h0B
2.1
5’h0C
2.2
5’h0D
2.3
5’h0E
2.4
5’h0F
2.5
5’h10
2.6
5’h11
2.7
5’h12
2.8
5’h13
2.9
5’h14
3.0
5’h15
3.1
5’h16
3.2
5’h17
3.3
5’h18
3.4
5’h19
3.5
5’h1A–5’h1F
Reset
000
3.5
Factory-Programmed Default
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9 Application and Implementation
NOTE
Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component
specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are
responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should
validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.
9.1 Application Information
The LP3907-Q1 provides three control methods to turn ON/OFF four power rails:
1. EN_T Control: Provides pre-defined power up/down sequence. (Note: VIN/Battery voltage must be settled
approximately 8 ms, minimum, before EN_T be asserted high).
2. Individual GPIO/EN pin control: four EN pins provide max control flexibility without I2C.
3. I2C control: besides simple ON/OFF control, also provides access to all the user programmable registers.
Please see Register Maps section for details.
9.2 Typical Application
VINLDO12
EN_T
VDD
ENLDO1
1 PF
100k
ENLDO2
nPOR
ENSW1
VIN1
10 PF
ENSW2
2.2 PH
LDO1
SW1
0.47 PF
10 PF
FB1
VINLDO1
GND_SW1
LP3907-Q1
1 PF
VINLDO2
VIN2
1 PF
10 PF
LDO2
2.2 PH
0.47 PF
SW2
SDA
10 PF
FB2
SCL
GND_SW2
GND_L
GND_C
AVDD
DAP
1 PF
Figure 45. LP3907-Q1 Typical Application
9.2.1 Design Requirements
Ten ceramic capacitors and two inductors required for this application. These three external components need to
be selected very carefully for property operation. Please read Detailed Design Procedure section.
38
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Typical Application (continued)
9.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
9.2.2.1 Component Selection
9.2.2.1.1 Inductors for SW1 And SW2
There are two main considerations when choosing an inductor; the inductor should not saturate and the inductor
current ripple is small enough to achieve the desired output voltage ripple. Care should be taken when reviewing
the different saturation current ratings that are specified by different manufacturers. Saturation current ratings are
typically specified at 25ºC, so ratings at maximum ambient temperature of the application should be requested
from the manufacturer.
There are two methods to choose the inductor saturation current rating:
9.2.2.1.1.1 Method 1:
The saturation current is greater than the sum of the maximum load current and the worst case average-to-peak
inductor current. This can be written as follows:
Isat > Ioutmax + Iripple
where
Iripple =
§1·
©f¹
x
§VIN - VOUT· x § VOUT·
© 2L ¹ © VIN ¹
where
•
•
•
•
•
•
IRIPPLE = Maximum load current
IOUTMAX = Average to peak inductor current
VIN = Maximum input voltage to the buck
L = Min inductor value including worse case tolerances (30% drop can be considered for method 1)
f = Minimum switching frequency (1.6 MHz)
VOUT = Buck output voltage
(6)
9.2.2.1.1.2 Method 2:
A more conservative and recommended approach is to choose an inductor that has saturation current rating
greater than the maximum current limit of 1250 mA for Buck1 and 1750 mA for Buck2.
Given a peak-to-peak current ripple (IPP) the inductor needs to be at least
Lt
§VIN - VOUT· x § VOUT· x § 1 ·
© IPP ¹ © VIN ¹ © f ¹
(7)
Table 8. Suggested Inductor Values
INDUCTOR
VALUE (µH)
DESCRIPTION
NOTES
LSW1,2
2.2
SW1,2 inductor
DCR. 70 mΩ
9.2.2.1.2 External Capacitors
The regulators on the LP3907-Q1 require external capacitors for regulator stability. These are specifically
designed for portable applications requiring minimum board space and smallest components. These capacitors
must be correctly selected for good performance.
9.2.2.2 LDO Capacitor Selection
9.2.2.2.1 Input Capacitor
An input capacitor is required for stability. It is recommended that a 1-μF capacitor be connected between the
LDO input pin and ground (this capacitance value may be increased without limit).
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This capacitor must be located a distance of not more than 1 cm from the input pin and returned to a clean
analog ground. Any good quality ceramic, tantalum, or film capacitor may be used at the input.
Important: Tantalum capacitors can suffer catastrophic failures due to surge currents when connected to a low
impedance source of power (such as a battery or a very large capacitor). If a tantalum capacitor is used at the
input, it must be ensured by the manufacturer to have a surge current rating sufficient for the application.
There are no requirements for the equivalent series resistance (ESR) on the input capacitor, but tolerance and
temperature coefficient must be considered when selecting the capacitor to ensure the capacitance remains
approximately 1 μF over the entire operating temperature range.
9.2.2.2.2 Output Capacitor
The LDOs on the LP3907-Q1 are designed specifically to work with very small ceramic output capacitors. A 0.47µF ceramic capacitor (temperature types Z5U, Y5V or X7R) with ESR between 5 mΩ to 500 mΩ, is suitable in
the application circuit.
It is also possible to use tantalum or film capacitors at the device output, COUT (or VOUT), but these are not as
attractive for reasons of size and cost.
The output capacitor must meet the requirement for the minimum value of capacitance and also have an ESR
value that is within the range 5 mΩ to 500 mΩ for stability.
9.2.2.2.3 Capacitor Characteristics
The LDOs are designed to work with ceramic capacitors on the output to take advantage of the benefits they
offer. For capacitance values in the range of 0.47 µF to 4.7 µF, ceramic capacitors are the smallest, least
expensive and have the lowest ESR values, thus making them best for eliminating high frequency noise. The
ESR of a typical 1-µF ceramic capacitor is in the range of 20 mΩ to 40 mΩ, which easily meets the ESR
requirement for stability for the LDOs.
For both input and output capacitors, careful interpretation of the capacitor specification is required to ensure
correct device operation. The capacitor value can change greatly, depending on the operating conditions and
capacitor type.
CAP VALUE (% of NOMINAL 1 PF)
In particular, the output capacitor selection should take account of all the capacitor parameters, to ensure that the
specification is met within the application. The capacitance can vary with DC bias conditions as well as
temperature and frequency of operation. Capacitor values will also show some decrease over time due to aging.
The capacitor parameters are also dependent on the particular case size, with smaller sizes giving poorer
performance figures in general. As an example, Figure 46 is a typical graph comparing different capacitor case
sizes.
0603, 10V, X5R
100%
80%
60%
0402, 6.3V, X5R
40%
20%
0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
DC BIAS (V)
Figure 46. Graph Showing Typical Variation in Capacitance vs. DC Bias
40
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As shown in the graph, increasing the DC Bias condition can result in the capacitance value that falls below the
minimum value given in the recommended capacitor specifications table. Note that the graph shows the
capacitance out of spec for the 0402 case size capacitor at higher bias voltages. It is therefore recommended
that the capacitor manufacturers' specifications for the nominal value capacitor are consulted for all conditions,
as some capacitor sizes (for example, 0402) may not be suitable in the actual application.
The ceramic capacitor’s capacitance can vary with temperature. The capacitor type X7R, which operates over a
temperature range of −55°C to 125°C, only varies the capacitance to within ±15%. The capacitor type X5R has a
similar tolerance over a reduced temperature range of −55°C to 85°C. Many large value ceramic capacitors,
larger than 1 µF are manufactured with Z5U or Y5V temperature characteristics. Their capacitance can drop by
more than 50% as the temperature varies from 25°C to 85°C. Therefore, X7R is recommended over Z5U and
Y5V in applications where the ambient temperature changes significantly above or below 25°C.
Tantalum capacitors are less desirable than ceramic for use as output capacitors because they are more
expensive when comparing equivalent capacitance and voltage ratings in the 0.47-µF to 4.7-µF range.
Another important consideration is that tantalum capacitors have higher ESR values than equivalent size
ceramics. This means that while it may be possible to find a tantalum capacitor with an ESR value within the
stable range, it would have to be larger in capacitance (which means bigger and more costly) than a ceramic
capacitor with the same ESR value. It should also be noted that the ESR of a typical tantalum increases about
2:1 as the temperature goes from 25°C down to −40°C, so some guard band must be allowed.
9.2.2.2.4 Input Capacitor Selection for SW1 And SW2
A ceramic input capacitor of 10 µF, 6.3 V is sufficient for the magnetic DC-DC converters. Place the input
capacitor as close as possible to the input of the device. A large value may be used for improved input voltage
filtering. The recommended capacitor types are X7R or X5R. Y5V type capacitors should not be used. DC bias
characteristics of ceramic capacitors must be considered when selecting case sizes like 0805 and 0603. The
input filter capacitor supplies current to the PFET switch of the DC-DC converter in the first half of each cycle
and reduces voltage ripple imposed on the input power source. A ceramic capacitor’s low ESR (Equivalent
Series Resistance) provides the best noise filtering of the input voltage spikes due to fast current transients. A
capacitor with sufficient ripple current rating should be selected. The Input current ripple can be calculated as:
Irms = Ioutmax
VOUT
VIN
§ 1 + r2 ·
© 12 ¹ where
r=
(Vin ± Vout) x Vout
L x f x Ioutmax x Vin
(8)
The worse case is when VIN = 2 VOUT.
9.2.2.2.5 Output Capacitor Selection for SW1, SW2
A 10-μF, 6.3-V ceramic capacitor should be used on the output of the SW1 and SW2 magnetic DC-DC
converters. The output capacitor needs to be mounted as close as possible to the output of the device. A large
value may be used for improved input voltage filtering. The recommended capacitor types are X7R or X5R. Y5V
type capacitors should not be used. DC bias characteristics of ceramic capacitors must be considered when
selecting case sizes like 0805 and 0603. DC bias characteristics vary from manufacturer to manufacturer and DC
bias curves should be requested from them and analyzed as part of the capacitor selection process.
The output filter capacitor of the magnetic DC-DC converter smooths out current flow from the inductor to the
load, helps maintain a steady output voltage during transient load changes and reduces output voltage ripple.
These capacitors must be selected with sufficient capacitance and sufficiently low ESD to perform these
functions.
The output voltage ripple is caused by the charging and discharging of the output capacitor and also due to its
ESR and can be calculated as follows:
Vpp-c =
Iripple
4xfxC
(9)
Voltage peak-to-peak ripple due to ESR can be expressed as follows:
VPP–ESR = 2 × IRIPPLE × RESR
(10)
Because the VPP-C and VPP-ESR are out of phase, the rms value can be used to get an approximate value of the
peak-to-peak ripple:
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Vpp-rms =
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Vpp-c2 + Vpp-esr2
(11)
Note that the output voltage ripple is dependent on the inductor current ripple and the equivalent series
resistance of the output capacitor (RESR). The RESR is frequency dependent as well as temperature dependent.
The RESR should be calculated with the applicable switching frequency and ambient temperature.
Table 9. Suggested Capacitor Values
CAPACITOR
MIN VALUE (µF)
DESCRIPTION
RECOMMENDED TYPE
CLDO1
0.47
LDO1 output capacitor
Ceramic, 6.3 V, X5R
CLDO2
0.47
LDO2 output capacitor
Ceramic, 6.3 V, X5R
CSW1
10
SW1 output capacitor
Ceramic, 6.3 V, X5R
CSW2
10
SW2 output capacitor
Ceramic, 6.3 V, X5R
9.2.2.2.6 I2C Pull-Up Resistor
Both SDA and SCL terminals need to have pull-up resistors connected to VINLDO12 or to the power supply of
the I2C master. The values of the pull-up resistors (typical approximately 1.8 kΩ) are determined by the
capacitance of the bus. Too large of a resistor combined with a given bus capacitance results in a rise time that
would violate the max. rise time specification. A too-small resistor results in a contention with the pull-down
transistor on either slave(s) or master.
9.2.2.3 Operation Without I2C Interface
Operation of the LP3907-Q1 without the I2C interface is possible if the system can operate with default values for
the LDO and Buck regulators (see Factory Programmable Options.) The I2C-less system must rely on the correct
default output values of the LDO and Buck converters.
9.2.2.3.1 High VIN High-Load Operation
Additional information is provided when the IC is operated at extremes of VIN and regulator loads. These are
described in terms of the Junction temperature and, Buck output ripple management.
9.2.2.3.2 Junction Temperature
The maximum junction temperature TJ-MAX-OP of 125°C of the IC package.
Equation 12 through Equation 17 demonstrate junction temperature determination, ambient temperature TA-MAX,
and total chip power must be controlled to keep TJ below this maximum:
TJ-MAX-OP = TA-MAX + (RθJA) [°C/ Watt] × (PD-MAX) [Watts]
(12)
Total IC power dissipation PD-MAX is the sum of the individual power dissipation of the four regulators plus a minor
amount for chip overhead. Chip overhead is Bias, TSD, and LDO analog.
PD-MAX = PLDO1 + PLD02 + PBUCK1 + PBUCK2 + (0.0001A × VIN) [Watts].
(13)
Power dissipation of LDO1:
PLDO1 = (VINLDO1 – VOUTLDO1) × IOUTLDO1 [V × A]
(14)
Power dissipation of LDO2:
PLDO2 = (VINLDO2 – VOUTLDO2) × IOUTLDO2 [V × A]
(15)
Power dissipation of Buck1:
PBuck1 = PIN – POUT = VOUTBuck1 × IOUTBuck1 × (1 – η1) / η1 [V × A]
where
•
η1 = efficiency of buck 1
(16)
Power dissipation of Buck2:
PBuck2 = PIN – POUT = VOUTBuck2 × IOUTBuck2 × (1 – η2) / η2 [V × A]
where
•
42
η2 = efficiency of Buck2
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where
•
η is the efficiency for the specific condition taken from efficiency graphs.
(17)
9.2.3 Application Curves
100
100
90
90
VIN= 4.5V
VIN = 2.8V
70
EFFICIENCY (%)
EFFICIENCY (%)
80
60
50
VIN = 3.6V
40
70
60
VIN = 5.5V
30
50
20
10
0.1
1
10
100
40
0.1
1000
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
VOUT = 2 V
VIN= 5.5V
80
1
10
100
1000
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
VOUT = 2 V
L= 2.2 µH
Figure 47. Efficiency vs Output Current
(Forced PWM Mode)
L= 2.2 µH
Figure 48. Efficiency vs Output Current
(PWM-to-PFM Mode)
10 Power Supply Recommendations
If the EN_T is used to power up the device instead individual ENs , then VIN must be stable for approximately 8
ms minimum before EN_T be asserted high to ensure internal bias, reference, and the Flexible POR timing are
stabilized. This initial EN_T delay is necessary only upon first time device power on for power sequencing
function to operate properly.
10.1 Analog Power Signal Routing
All power inputs should be tied to the main VDD source (for example, battery), unless the user wishes to power it
from another source. (that is, external LDO output).
The analog VDD inputs power the internal bias and error amplifiers, so they should be tied to the main VDD. The
analog VDD inputs must have an input voltage between 2.8 V and 5.5 V, as specified in the Recommended
Operating Conditions (Bucks) table earlier in the datasheet.
The other VINs (VINLDO1, VINLDO2) can have inputs lower than 2.8 V, as long as the input it higher than the
programmed output (0.3 V).
The analog and digital grounds should be tied together outside of the chip to reduce noise coupling.
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11 Layout
11.1 DSBGA Layout Guidelines
PC board layout is an important part of DC-DC converter design. Poor board layout can disrupt the performance
of a DC-DC converter and surrounding circuitry by contributing to EMI, ground bounce, and resistive voltage loss
in the traces. These can send erroneous signals to the DC-DC converter IC, resulting in poor regulation or
instability.
Good layout for the LP3907-Q1 device bucks can be implemented by following a few simple design rules below.
Refer to Figure 49 for top-layer board Buck layout.
1. Place the LP3907 bucks, inductor, and filter capacitors close together and make the traces short. The traces
between these components carry relatively high switching currents and act as antennas. Following this rule
reduces radiated noise. Special care must be given to place the input filter capacitor very close to the VIN
and GND pin.
2. Arrange the components so that the switching current loops curl in the same direction. During the first half of
each cycle, current flows from the input filter capacitor through the LP3907-Q1 bucks and inductor to the
output filter capacitor and back through ground, forming a current loop. In the second half of each cycle,
current is pulled up from ground through the LP3907-Q1 bucks by the inductor to the output filter capacitor
and then back through ground forming a second current loop. Routing these loops so the current curls in the
same direction prevents magnetic field reversal between the two half-cycles and reduces radiated noise.
3. Connect the ground pins of the LP3907-Q1 bucks and filter capacitors together using generous componentside copper fill as a pseudo-ground plane. Then, connect this to the ground-plane (if one is used) with
several vias. This reduces ground-plane noise by preventing the switching currents from circulating through
the ground plane. It also reduces ground bounce at the LP3907-Q1 bucks by giving it a low-impedance
ground connection.
4. Use wide traces between the power components and for power connections to the DC-DC converter circuit.
This reduces voltage errors caused by resistive losses across the traces.
5. Route noise sensitive traces, such as the voltage feedback path, away from noisy traces between the power
components. The voltage feedback trace must remain close to the LP3907-Q1 buck's circuit and should be
direct but should be routed opposite to noisy components. This reduces EMI radiated onto the DC-DC
converter’s own voltage feedback trace. A good approach is to route the feedback trace on another layer and
to have a ground plane between the top layer and layer on which the feedback trace is routed. In the same
manner for the adjustable part it is desired to have the feedback dividers on the bottom layer.
6. Place noise sensitive circuitry, such as radio IF blocks, away from the DC-DC converter, CMOS digital blocks
and other noisy circuitry. Interference with noise-sensitive circuitry in the system can be reduced through
distance.
For more detailed layout specifications and information, please refer to Application Report AN-1112 DSBGA
Wafer Level Chip Scale Package (SNVA009).
44
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11.2 Layout Example
Figure 49. LP3907-Q1 DSBGA Layout Example
11.3 Thermal Considerations of WQFN Package
The LP3907-Q1 is a monolithic device with integrated power FETs. For that reason, it is important to pay special
attention to the thermal impedance of the WQFN package and to the PCB layout rules in order to maximize
power dissipation of the WQFN package.
The WQFN package is designed for enhanced thermal performance and features an exposed die attach pad at
the bottom center of the package that creates a direct path to the PCB for maximum power dissipation.
Compared to the traditional leaded packages where the die attach pad is embedded inside the molding
compound, the WQFN reduces one layer in the thermal path.
The thermal advantage of the WQFN package is fully realized only when the exposed die attach pad is soldered
down to a thermal land on the PCB board with thermal vias planted underneath the thermal land. Based on
thermal analysis of the WQFN package, the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (RθJA) can be improved by a
factor of two when the die attach pad of the WQFN package is soldered directly onto the PCB with thermal land
and thermal vias, as opposed to an alternative with no direct soldering to a thermal land. Typical pitch and outer
diameter for thermal vias are 1.27 mm and 0.33 mm, respectively. Typical copper via barrel plating is 1 oz,
although thicker copper may be used to further improve thermal performance. The LP3907-Q1 die attach pad is
connected to the substrate of the IC, and therefore, the thermal land and vias on the PCB board need to be
connected to ground (GND pin).
For more information on board layout techniques, refer to Application Note AN–1187 Leadless Lead Frame
Package (LLP) (SNOA401) on http://www.ti.com. This application note also discusses package handling, solder
stencil, and the assembly process.
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12 Device and Documentation Support
12.1 Documentation Support
12.1.1 Related Documentation
For related documentation, see the following:
Application Report AN-1112 DSBGA Wafer Level Chip Scale Package (SNVA009).
Application Note AN–1187 Leadless Lead Frame Package (LLP) (SNOA401).
12.2 Trademarks
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
12.3 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
12.4 Glossary
SLYZ022 — TI Glossary.
This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.
13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most
current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of
this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation.
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Copyright © 2014–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: LP3907-Q1
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
5-May-2015
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status
(1)
Package Type Package Pins Package
Drawing
Qty
Eco Plan
Lead/Ball Finish
MSL Peak Temp
(2)
(6)
(3)
Op Temp (°C)
Device Marking
(4/5)
LP3907QSQ-JJXP/NOPB
ACTIVE
WQFN
RTW
24
1000
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
07QJJXP
LP3907QSQ-JXI7/NOPB
ACTIVE
WQFN
RTW
24
1000
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
07QJXI7
LP3907QSQ-JXIP/NOPB
ACTIVE
WQFN
RTW
24
1000
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
07QJXIP
LP3907QSQX-JJXP/NOPB
ACTIVE
WQFN
RTW
24
4500
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
07QJJXP
LP3907QSQX-JXI7/NOPB
ACTIVE
WQFN
RTW
24
4500
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
07QJXI7
LP3907QSQX-JXIP/NOPB
ACTIVE
WQFN
RTW
24
4500
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU SN
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
07QJXIP
LP3907QTL-VXSS/NOPB
ACTIVE
DSBGA
YZR
25
250
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
SNAGCU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
V025
LP3907QTLX-VXSS/NOPB
ACTIVE
DSBGA
YZR
25
3000
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
SNAGCU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 125
V025
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability
information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that
lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between
the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight
in homogeneous material)
(3)
MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.
Addendum-Page 1
Samples
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
(4)
5-May-2015
There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device.
(5)
Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation
of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device.
(6)
Lead/Ball Finish - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead/Ball Finish values may wrap to two lines if the finish
value exceeds the maximum column width.
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information
provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and
continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.
TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.
OTHER QUALIFIED VERSIONS OF LP3907-Q1 :
• Catalog: LP3907
NOTE: Qualified Version Definitions:
• Catalog - TI's standard catalog product
Addendum-Page 2
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com
6-May-2015
TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION
*All dimensions are nominal
Device
Package Package Pins
Type Drawing
SPQ
Reel
Reel
A0
Diameter Width (mm)
(mm) W1 (mm)
B0
(mm)
K0
(mm)
P1
(mm)
W
Pin1
(mm) Quadrant
LP3907QSQ-JJXP/NOPB
WQFN
RTW
24
1000
178.0
12.4
4.3
4.3
1.3
8.0
12.0
Q1
LP3907QSQ-JXI7/NOPB
WQFN
RTW
24
1000
178.0
12.4
4.3
4.3
1.3
8.0
12.0
Q1
LP3907QSQ-JXIP/NOPB
WQFN
RTW
24
1000
178.0
12.4
4.3
4.3
1.3
8.0
12.0
Q1
LP3907QSQX-JJXP/NOP
B
WQFN
RTW
24
4500
330.0
12.4
4.3
4.3
1.3
8.0
12.0
Q1
LP3907QSQX-JXI7/NOPB WQFN
RTW
24
4500
330.0
12.4
4.3
4.3
1.3
8.0
12.0
Q1
LP3907QSQX-JXIP/NOPB WQFN
RTW
24
4500
330.0
12.4
4.3
4.3
1.3
8.0
12.0
Q1
LP3907QTL-VXSS/NOPB DSBGA
YZR
25
250
178.0
8.4
2.69
2.69
0.76
4.0
8.0
Q1
YZR
25
3000
178.0
8.4
2.69
2.69
0.76
4.0
8.0
Q1
LP3907QTLX-VXSS/NOP
B
DSBGA
Pack Materials-Page 1
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com
6-May-2015
*All dimensions are nominal
Device
Package Type
Package Drawing
Pins
SPQ
Length (mm)
Width (mm)
Height (mm)
LP3907QSQ-JJXP/NOPB
WQFN
RTW
24
1000
210.0
185.0
35.0
LP3907QSQ-JXI7/NOPB
WQFN
RTW
24
1000
210.0
185.0
35.0
LP3907QSQ-JXIP/NOPB
WQFN
RTW
24
1000
210.0
185.0
35.0
LP3907QSQX-JJXP/NOPB
WQFN
RTW
24
4500
367.0
367.0
35.0
LP3907QSQX-JXI7/NOPB
WQFN
RTW
24
4500
367.0
367.0
35.0
LP3907QSQX-JXIP/NOPB
WQFN
RTW
24
4500
367.0
367.0
35.0
LP3907QTL-VXSS/NOPB
DSBGA
YZR
25
250
210.0
185.0
35.0
LP3907QTLX-VXSS/NOPB
DSBGA
YZR
25
3000
210.0
185.0
35.0
Pack Materials-Page 2
MECHANICAL DATA
RTW0024A
SQA24A (Rev B)
www.ti.com
MECHANICAL DATA
YZR0025xxx
0.600±0.075
D
E
TLA25XXX (Rev D)
D: Max = 2.521 mm, Min = 2.46 mm
E: Max = 2.521 mm, Min = 2.46 mm
4215055/A
NOTES:
A. All linear dimensions are in millimeters. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ASME Y14.5M-1994.
B. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
www.ti.com
12/12
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