TI1 DRV8824RHDR Stepper motor controller ic Datasheet

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DRV8824
SLVSA06J – OCTOBER 2009 – REVISED JULY 2014
DRV8824 Stepper Motor Controller IC
1 Features
3 Description
•
The DRV8824 provides an integrated motor driver
solution for printers, scanners, and other automated
equipment applications. The device has two H-bridge
drivers and a microstepping indexer, and is intended
to drive a bipolar stepper motor. The output driver
block consists of N-channel power MOSFETs
configured as full H-bridges to drive the motor
windings. The DRV8824 is capable of driving up to
1.6 A of current from each output (with proper
heatsinking, at 24 V and 25°C).
1
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
PWM Microstepping Stepper Motor Driver
– Built-In Microstepping Indexer
– Up to 1/32 Microstepping
Multiple Decay Modes:
– Mixed Decay
– Slow Decay
– Fast Decay
8.2-V to 45-V Operating Supply Voltage Range
1.6-A Maximum Drive Current at 24 V and
TA = 25°C
Simple STEP/DIR Interface
Low-Current Sleep Mode
Built-In 3.3-V Reference Output
Small Package and Footprint
Protection Features:
– Overcurrent Protection (OCP)
– Thermal Shutdown (TSD)
– VMx Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO)
– Fault Condition Indication Pin (nFAULT)
A simple STEP/DIR interface allows easy interfacing
to controller circuits. Mode pins allow for configuration
of the motor in full-step up to 1/32-step modes. Decay
mode is configurable so that slow decay, fast decay,
or mixed decay can be used. A low-power sleep
mode is provided which shuts down internal circuitry
to achieve very-low quiescent current draw. This
sleep mode can be set using a dedicated nSLEEP
pin.
Internal shutdown functions are provided for
overcurrent, short circuit, undervoltage lockout, and
over temperature. Fault conditions are indicated
through the nFAULT pin.
Device Information(1)
2 Applications
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
PART NUMBER
Automatic Teller Machines
Money Handling Machines
Video Security Cameras
Printers
Scanners
Office Automation Machines
Gaming Machines
Factory Automation
Robotics
DRV8824
PACKAGE
BODY SIZE (NOM)
HTSSOP (28)
9.70 mm × 6.40 mm
QFN (28)
5.00 mm × 5.00 mm
(1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at
the end of the data sheet.
4 Simplified Schematic
Microstepping Current Waveform
8.2 to 45 V
M
1.6 A
Decay Mode
Step Size
Stepper Motor
Driver
+
±
Output Current
DIR
±
Controller
DRV8824
+
STEP
nFAULT
1.6 A
1/32 µstep
STEP Input
1
An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
DRV8824
SLVSA06J – OCTOBER 2009 – REVISED JULY 2014
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Table of Contents
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Features ..................................................................
Applications ...........................................................
Description .............................................................
Simplified Schematic.............................................
Revision History.....................................................
Pin Configuration and Functions .........................
Specifications.........................................................
1
1
1
1
2
3
4
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
4
4
4
5
6
7
8
Absolute Maximum Ratings ......................................
Handling Ratings.......................................................
Recommended Operating Conditions.......................
Thermal Information ..................................................
Electrical Characteristics...........................................
Timing Requirements ................................................
Typical Characteristics ..............................................
Detailed Description .............................................. 9
8.1 Overview ................................................................... 9
8.2 Functional Block Diagram ....................................... 10
8.3 Feature Description................................................. 11
8.4 Device Functional Modes........................................ 18
9
Application and Implementation ........................ 19
9.1 Application Information............................................ 19
9.2 Typical Application .................................................. 19
10 Power Supply Recommendations ..................... 22
10.1 Bulk Capacitance .................................................. 22
10.2 Power Supply and Logic Sequencing ................... 22
11 Layout................................................................... 23
11.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 23
11.2 Layout Example .................................................... 23
12 Device and Documentation Support ................. 24
12.1 Trademarks ........................................................... 24
12.2 Electrostatic Discharge Caution ............................ 24
12.3 Glossary ................................................................ 24
13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
Information ........................................................... 24
5 Revision History
NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.
Changes from Revision I (June 2014) to Revision J
Page
•
Updated images on the front page ........................................................................................................................................ 1
•
Update the continuous motor drive output current value in Absolute Maximum Ratings ...................................................... 4
•
Updated typical tDEG time ....................................................................................................................................................... 6
•
Updated text and equations in Detailed Design Procedure ................................................................................................. 20
•
Updated Bulk Capacitance and image ................................................................................................................................. 22
•
Layout Example image updated. ......................................................................................................................................... 23
Changes from Revision H (December 2013) to Revision I
Page
•
Updated data sheet to new TI standard: added sections and rearranged material .............................................................. 1
•
Updated pin description for AVREF and BVREF .................................................................................................................. 3
•
Added power supply ramp rate to Absolute Maximum Ratings ............................................................................................ 4
•
Added minimum voltage for VIL and removed typical ............................................................................................................. 6
•
Updated parameter descriptions in Timing Requirements and tWAKE minimum and maximum ............................................. 7
Changes from Revision G (August 2013) to Revision H
•
2
Page
Changed in Electrical Characteristics table, section DECAY INPUT third row ...................................................................... 6
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6 Pin Configuration and Functions
PWP PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
RHD PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
DECAY
DIR
nENBL
STEP
NC
MODE0
MODE1
22
23
24
25
27
26
28
MODE2
nHOME
GND
CP1
CP2
VCP
VMA
1
21
2
20
3
19
GND
(PPAD)
4
18
5
17
6
16
7
15
nFAULT
nSLEEP
nRESET
V3P3OUT
GND
BVREF
AVREF
14
13
12
11
9
10
8
VMB
BOUT1
ISENB
BOUT2
AOUT2
ISENA
AOUT2
Pin Functions
PIN
NAME
PWP
RHD
I/O (1)
DESCRIPTION
EXTERNAL COMPONENTS OR CONNECTIONS
POWER AND GROUND
GND
14, 28
3, 17
—
Device ground
VMA
4
7
—
Bridge A power supply
VMB
11
14
—
Bridge B power supply
V3P3OUT
15
18
O
3.3-V regulator output
CP1
1
4
IO
Charge pump flying capacitor
CP2
2
5
IO
Charge pump flying capacitor
VCP
3
6
IO
High-side gate drive voltage
Connect a 0.1-μF 16-V ceramic capacitor and a 1-MΩ resistor to VM.
nENBL
21
24
I
Enable input
Logic high to disable device outputs and indexer operation, logic low to
enable. Internal pulldown.
nSLEEP
17
20
I
Sleep mode input
Logic high to enable device, logic low to enter low-power sleep mode.
Internal pulldown.
STEP
22
25
I
Step input
Rising edge causes the indexer to move one step. Internal pulldown.
DIR
20
23
I
Direction input
Level sets the direction of stepping. Internal pulldown.
MODE0
24
27
I
Microstep mode 0
MODE1
25
28
I
Microstep mode 1
MODE2
26
1
I
Microstep mode 2
DECAY
19
22
I
Decay mode
Low = slow decay, Open = mixed decay,
High = fast decay. Internal pulldown and pullup.
nRESET
16
19
I
Reset input
Active-low reset input initializes the indexer logic and disables the Hbridge outputs. Internal pulldown.
AVREF
12
15
I
Bridge A current set reference
input
BVREF
13
16
I
Bridge B current set reference
input
NC
23
26
—
Connect to motor supply (8.2 to 45 V). Both pins must be connected to
same supply, bypassed with a 0.1-µF capacitor to GND, and connected
to appropriate bulk capacitance.
Bypass to GND with a 0.47-μF 6.3-V ceramic capacitor. Can be used to
supply VREF.
Connect a 0.01-μF 50-V capacitor between CP1 and CP2.
CONTROL
(1)
No connect
MODE0 through MODE2 set the step mode: full, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8/ 1/16, or
1/32 step. Internal pulldown.
Reference voltage for winding current set. Normally AVREF and BVREF
are connected to the same voltage. Can be connected to V3P3OUT.
Leave this pin unconnected.
Directions: I = input, O = output, OD = open-drain output, IO = input/output
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Pin Functions (continued)
PIN
NAME
PWP
I/O (1)
RHD
DESCRIPTION
EXTERNAL COMPONENTS OR CONNECTIONS
STATUS
nHOME
27
2
OD
Home position
Logic low when at home state of step table
nFAULT
18
21
OD
Fault
Logic low when in fault condition (overtemperature, overcurrent)
OUTPUT
ISENA
6
9
IO
Bridge A ground / Isense
Connect to current sense resistor for bridge A.
ISENB
9
12
IO
Bridge B ground / Isense
Connect to current sense resistor for bridge B.
AOUT1
5
8
O
Bridge A output 1
AOUT2
7
10
O
Bridge A output 2
Connect to bipolar stepper motor winding A.
Positive current is AOUT1 → AOUT2
BOUT1
10
13
O
Bridge B output 1
BOUT2
8
11
O
Bridge B output 2
Connect to bipolar stepper motor winding B.
Positive current is BOUT1 → BOUT2
7 Specifications
7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
over operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)
V(VMx)
Power supply voltage
V(VMx)
Power supply ramp rate
V(xVREF)
(1) (2)
(2)
(3)
(4)
47
UNIT
V
1
V/µs
–0.5
7
V
Input voltage
–0.3
4
V
(3)
0.8
V
Peak motor drive output current, t <1 μs
–0.8
Internally limited
A
Continuous motor drive output current (4)
1.6
A
Continuous total power dissipation
(1)
MAX
Digital pin voltage
ISENSEx pin voltage
TJ
MIN
–0.3
See Thermal Information
Operating virtual junction temperature range
–40
150
°C
Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating
conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
All voltage values are with respect to network ground pin.
Transients of ±1 V for less than 25 ns are acceptable.
Power dissipation and thermal limits must be observed.
7.2 Handling Ratings
Tstg
(1)
Electrostatic Human body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001, all pins
discharge
Charged device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22-C101, all pins (2)
V(ESD)
(1)
(2)
MIN
MAX
UNIT
–60
150
°C
–2000
2000
–500
500
Storage temperature range
V
JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
7.3 Recommended Operating Conditions
MIN
V(VMx)
Motor power supply voltage range
V(xVREF)
VREF input voltage (2)
IV3P3
V3P3OUT load current
(1)
(2)
4
(1)
NOM
MAX
8.2
45
1
3.5
1
UNIT
V
V
mA
All VM pins must be connected to the same supply voltage.
Operational at VREF between 0 and 1 V, but accuracy is degraded.
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7.4 Thermal Information
DRV8824
THERMAL METRIC
PWP (28 PINS)
RHD (28 PINS)
RθJA
Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (1)
38.9
35.8
RθJC(top)
Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance (2)
23.3
25.1
21.2
8.2
0.8
0.3
20.9
8.2
2.6
1.1
(3)
RθJB
Junction-to-board thermal resistance
ψJT
Junction-to-top characterization parameter (4)
ψJB
Junction-to-board characterization parameter (5)
RθJC(bot)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance
(6)
UNIT
°C/W
The junction-to-ambient thermal resistance under natural convection is obtained in a simulation on a JEDEC-standard, high-K board, as
specified in JESD51-7, in an environment described in JESD51-2a.
The junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance is obtained by simulating a cold plate test on the package top. No specific JEDECstandard test exists, but a close description can be found in the ANSI SEMI standard G30-88.
The junction-to-board thermal resistance is obtained by simulating in an environment with a ring cold plate fixture to control the PCB
temperature, as described in JESD51-8.
The junction-to-top characterization parameter, ψJT, estimates the junction temperature of a device in a real system and is extracted
from the simulation data for obtaining θJA, using a procedure described in JESD51-2a (sections 6 and 7).
The junction-to-board characterization parameter, ψJB, estimates the junction temperature of a device in a real system and is extracted
from the simulation data for obtaining θJA , using a procedure described in JESD51-2a (sections 6 and 7).
The junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance is obtained by simulating a cold plate test on the exposed (power) pad. No specific
JEDEC standard test exists, but a close description can be found in the ANSI SEMI standard G30-88.
Spacer
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7.5 Electrical Characteristics
over operating free-air temperature range of –40°C to 85°C (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
POWER SUPPLIES
IVMx
VMx operating supply current
V(VMx) = 24 V, ƒPWM < 50 kHz
IVMxQ
VMx sleep mode supply current
V(VMx) = 24 V
5
8
mA
10
20
μA
V3P3OUT REGULATOR
V3P3
V3P3OUT voltage
IOUT = 0 to 1 mA, V(VMx) = 24 V, TJ = 25°C
3.18
3.30
3.42
IOUT = 0 to 1 mA
3.10
3.30
3.50
V
LOGIC-LEVEL INPUTS
VIL
Input low voltage
0
0.7
V
VIH
Input high voltage
2
5.25
V
VHYS
Input hysteresis
IIL
Input low current
VIN = 0
IIH
Input high current
VIN = 3.3 V
RPD
Internal pulldown resistance
0.45
–20
nENBL, nRESET, DIR, STEP, MODEx
nSLEEP
V
20
μA
100
μA
100
kΩ
1
MΩ
nHOME, nFAULT OUTPUTS (OPEN-DRAIN OUTPUTS)
VOL
Output low voltage
IO = 5 mA
IOH
Output high leakage current
VO = 3.3 V
0.5
V
1
μA
0.8
V
DECAY INPUT
VIL
Input low threshold voltage
For slow decay mode
VIH
Input high threshold voltage
For fast decay mode
IIN
Input current
RPU
Internal pullup resistance
RPD
Internal pulldown resistance
2
V
–100
100
µA
130
kΩ
80
kΩ
H-BRIDGE FETS
RDS(ON)
HS FET on resistance
RDS(ON)
LS FET on resistance
IOFF
Off-state leakage current
V(VMx) = 24 V, IO = 1 A, TJ = 25°C
0.63
V(VMx) = 24 V, IO = 1 A, TJ = 85°C
0.76
V(VMx) = 24 V, IO = 1 A, TJ = 25°C
0.65
V(VMx) = 24 V, IO = 1 A, TJ = 85°C
0.78
–20
0.90
0.90
20
Ω
Ω
μA
MOTOR DRIVER
ƒPWM
Internal PWM frequency
tBLANK
Current sense blanking time
50
kHz
tR
Rise time
V(VMx) = 24 V
100
360
ns
tF
Fall time
V(VMx) = 24 V
80
250
ns
tDEAD
Dead time
μs
3.75
400
ns
PROTECTION CIRCUITS
VUVLO
VMx undervoltage lockout voltage V(VMx) rising
IOCP
Overcurrent protection trip level
tDEG
Overcurrent deglitch time
TTSD
Thermal shutdown temperature
7.8
1.8
8.2
5
3
Die temperature
150
V
A
µs
160
180
°C
3
μA
660
685
mV
CURRENT CONTROL
IREF
xVREF input current
V(xVREF) = 3.3 V
VTRIP
xISENSE trip voltage
V(xVREF) = 3.3 V, 100% current setting
6
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Electrical Characteristics (continued)
over operating free-air temperature range of –40°C to 85°C (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
ΔITRIP
AISENSE
Current trip accuracy
(relative to programmed value)
Current sense amplifier gain
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
V(xVREF) = 3.3 V , 5% current setting
–25%
25%
V(xVREF) = 3.3 V , 10% to 34% current setting
–15%
15%
V(xVREF) = 3.3 V, 38% to 67% current setting
–10%
10%
V(xVREF) = 3.3 V, 71% to 100% current setting
–5%
5%
Reference only
5
UNIT
V/V
7.6 Timing Requirements
MIN
1
ƒSTEP
Step frequency
2
tWH(STEP)
Pulse duration, STEP high
3
tWL(STEP)
4
tSU(STEP)
5
MAX
UNIT
250
kHz
1.9
μs
Pulse duration, STEP low
1.9
μs
Setup time, command before STEP rising
200
ns
tH(STEP)
Hold time, command after STEP rising
200
ns
6
tENBL
Enable time, nENBL active to STEP
200
ns
7
tWAKE
Wakeup time, nSLEEP inactive high to STEP input accepted
1
ms
Figure 1. Timing Diagram
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7.7 Typical Characteristics
14
7.0
13
6.5
12
IVMQ (A)
IVM (mA)
6.0
5.5
5.0
11
10
9
-40°C
8
25°C
4.5
85°C
125°C
4.0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
V(VMx) (V)
25°C
85°C
7
125°C
6
45
10
15
-40°C
85°C
2000
25°C
125°C
35
40
45
C002
10 V
24 V
1800
RDS(ON) HS + LS (mŸ)
RDS(ON) HS + LS (mŸ)
30
Figure 3. IVMxQ vs V(VMx)
1800
1600
1400
1200
45 V
1600
1400
1200
1000
1000
800
800
10
15
20
25
30
35
V(VMx) (V)
40
45
±50
C003
±25
0
25
50
75
TA (ƒC)
100
125
C004
Figure 5. RDS(ON) vs Temperature
Figure 4. RDS(ON) vs V(VMx)
8
25
V(VMx) (V)
Figure 2. IVMx vs V(VMx)
2000
20
C001
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8 Detailed Description
8.1 Overview
The DRV8824 is an integrated motor driver solution for bipolar stepper motors. The device integrates two NMOS
H-bridges, current sense, regulation circuitry, and a microstepping indexer. The DRV8824 can be powered with a
supply voltage between 8.2 to 45 V and is capable of providing an output current up to 1.6 A full-scale.
A simple STEP/DIR interface allows for easy interfacing to the controller circuit. The internal indexer is able to
execute high-accuracy microstepping without requiring the processor to control the current level.
The current regulation is highly configurable, with three decay modes of operation. Fast, slow, and mixed decay
can be selected depending on the application requirements.
A low-power sleep mode is included which allows the system to save power when not driving the motor.
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8.2 Functional Block Diagram
VM
3.3 V
LS Gate
Drive
V3P3OUT
CP1
Internal
VCC
V3P3OUT
Charge
Pump
Low Side
Gate
Drive
CP2
HS Gate
Drive
VM
VCP
3.3 V
VM
AVREF
VM
BVREF
VMA
+
nENBL
AOUT1
+
STEP
Stepper
Motor
Motor Driver
A
AOUT2
DIR
±
+
±
DECAY
ISENA
MODE0
MODE1
MODE2
Control
Logic/
Indexer
VM
VMB
nRESET
BOUT1
Motor Driver
B
nSLEEP
BOUT2
nHOME
Thermal
Shut
Down
nFAULT
GND
10
PPAD
ISENB
GND
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8.3 Feature Description
8.3.1 PWM Motor Drivers
The DRV8824 contains two H-bridge motor drivers with current-control PWM circuitry. Figure 6 shows a block
diagram of the motor control circuitry.
Figure 6. Motor Control Circuitry
Note that there are multiple VMx motor power supply pins. All VMx pins must be connected together to the motor
supply voltage.
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Feature Description (continued)
8.3.2 Current Regulation
The current through the motor windings is regulated by a fixed-frequency PWM current regulation, or current
chopping. When an H-bridge is enabled, current rises through the winding at a rate dependent on the DC voltage
and inductance of the winding. After the current hits the current chopping threshold, the bridge disables the
current until the beginning of the next PWM cycle.
In stepping motors, current regulation is used to vary the current in the two windings in a semi-sinusoidal fashion
to provide smooth motion.
The PWM chopping current is set by a comparator which compares the voltage across a current sense resistor
connected to the xISEN pins, multiplied by a factor of 5, with a reference voltage. The reference voltage is input
from the xVREF pins.
The full-scale (100%) chopping current is calculated in Equation 1.
V(xREF)
ICHOP
5 u RISENSE
(1)
Example:
If a 0.5-Ω sense resistor is used and the xVREF pin is 3.3 V, the full-scale (100%) chopping current will be
3.3 V / (5 × 0.5 Ω) = 1.32 A.
The reference voltage is scaled by an internal DAC that allows fractional stepping of a bipolar stepper motor, as
described in Microstepping Indexer.
8.3.3 Decay Mode
During PWM current chopping, the H-bridge is enabled to drive current through the motor winding until the PWM
current chopping threshold is reached. Figure 7 shows this as case 1. The current flow direction shown indicates
positive current flow.
After the chopping current threshold is reached, the H-bridge can operate in two different states, fast decay or
slow decay.
In fast decay mode, after the PWM chopping current level has been reached, the H-bridge reverses state to
allow winding current to flow in a reverse direction. As the winding current approaches 0, the bridge is disabled to
prevent any reverse current flow. Figure 7 shows fast decay mode as case 2.
In slow decay mode, winding current is re-circulated by enabling both of the low-side FETs in the bridge. Figure 7
shows this as case 3.
12
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Feature Description (continued)
Figure 7. Decay Mode
The DRV8824 supports fast decay, slow decay, and a mixed decay mode. Slow, fast, or mixed decay mode is
selected by the state of the DECAY pin – logic low selects slow decay, open selects mixed decay operation, and
logic high sets fast decay mode. The DECAY pin has both an internal pullup resistor of approximately 130 kΩ
and an internal pulldown resistor of approximately 80 kΩ. This sets the mixed decay mode if the pin is left open
or undriven.
Mixed decay mode begins as fast decay, but at a fixed period of time (75% of the PWM cycle) switches to slow
decay mode for the remainder of the fixed PWM period. This occurs only if the current through the winding is
decreasing (per Table 2); if the current is increasing, then slow decay is used.
8.3.4 Blanking Time
After the current is enabled in an H-bridge, the voltage on the xISEN pin is ignored for a fixed period of time
before enabling the current sense circuitry. This blanking time is fixed at 3.75 μs. Note that the blanking time also
sets the minimum on time of the PWM.
8.3.5 Microstepping Indexer
Built-in indexer logic in the DRV8824 allows a number of different stepping configurations. The MODE0 through
MODE2 pins are used to configure the stepping format, as shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Stepping Format
MODE2
MODE1
MODE0
0
0
0
Full step (2-phase excitation) with 71% current
STEP MODE
0
0
1
1/2 step (1-2 phase excitation)
0
1
0
1/4 step (W1-2 phase excitation)
0
1
1
8 microsteps/step
1
0
0
16 microsteps/step
1
0
1
32 microsteps/step
1
1
0
32 microsteps/step
1
1
1
32 microsteps/step
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Table 2 shows the relative current and step directions for different settings of MODEx. At each rising edge of the
STEP input, the indexer travels to the next state in the table. The direction is shown with the DIR pin high; if the
DIR pin is low, the sequence is reversed. Positive current is defined as xOUT1 = positive with respect to xOUT2.
Note that if the step mode is changed while stepping, the indexer advances to the next valid state for the new
MODEx setting at the rising edge of STEP.
The home state is 45°. This state is entered at power-up or application of nRESET. This is shown in Table 2 by
the shaded cells. The logic inputs DIR, STEP, nRESET, and MODEx have an internal pulldown resistors of
100 kΩ
Table 2. Relative Current and Step Directions
1/32
STEP
1/16
STEP
1/8
STEP
1/4
STEP
1/2
STEP
1
1
1
1
1
FULL STEP WINDING CURRENT WINDING CURRENT
70%
A
B
100%
2
3
2
4
5
3
2
6
7
4
8
9
5
3
2
10
11
6
12
13
7
4
14
15
8
16
17
9
5
3
2
18
19
10
20
21
11
6
22
23
12
24
25
13
7
4
26
27
14
28
29
15
8
30
31
16
32
33
17
9
5
34
35
18
36
37
19
10
38
14
3
1
ELECTRICAL
ANGLE
0%
0
100%
5%
3
100%
10%
6
99%
15%
8
98%
20%
11
97%
24%
14
96%
29%
17
94%
34%
20
92%
38%
23
90%
43%
25
88%
47%
28
86%
51%
31
83%
56%
34
80%
60%
37
77%
63%
39
74%
67%
42
71%
71%
45
67%
74%
48
63%
77%
51
60%
80%
53
56%
83%
56
51%
86%
59
47%
88%
62
43%
90%
65
38%
92%
68
34%
94%
70
29%
96%
73
24%
97%
76
20%
98%
79
15%
99%
82
10%
100%
84
5%
100%
87
0%
100%
90
–5%
100%
93
–10%
100%
96
–15%
99%
98
–20%
98%
101
–24%
97%
104
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Table 2. Relative Current and Step Directions (continued)
1/32
STEP
1/16
STEP
39
20
1/8
STEP
1/4
STEP
1/2
STEP
FULL STEP WINDING CURRENT WINDING CURRENT
70%
A
B
40
41
21
11
6
42
43
22
44
45
23
12
46
47
24
48
49
25
13
7
4
2
50
51
26
52
53
27
14
54
55
28
56
57
29
15
8
58
59
30
60
61
31
16
62
63
32
64
65
33
17
9
5
66
67
34
68
69
35
18
70
71
36
72
73
37
19
10
74
75
38
76
77
39
20
78
79
40
80
81
41
21
11
6
82
83
42
84
85
43
22
3
ELECTRICAL
ANGLE
–29%
96%
107
–34%
94%
110
–38%
92%
113
–43%
90%
115
–47%
88%
118
–51%
86%
121
–56%
83%
124
–60%
80%
127
–63%
77%
129
–67%
74%
132
–71%
71%
135
–74%
67%
138
–77%
63%
141
–80%
60%
143
–83%
56%
146
–86%
51%
149
–88%
47%
152
–90%
43%
155
–92%
38%
158
–94%
34%
160
–96%
29%
163
–97%
24%
166
–98%
20%
169
–99%
15%
172
–100%
10%
174
–100%
5%
177
–100%
0%
180
–100%
–5%
183
–100%
–10%
186
–99%
–15%
188
–98%
–20%
191
–97%
–24%
194
–96%
–29%
197
–94%
–34%
200
–92%
–38%
203
–90%
–43%
205
–88%
–47%
208
–86%
–51%
211
–83%
–56%
214
–80%
–60%
217
–77%
–63%
219
–74%
–67%
222
–71%
–71%
225
–67%
–74%
228
–63%
–77%
231
–60%
–80%
233
–56%
–83%
236
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Table 2. Relative Current and Step Directions (continued)
1/32
STEP
1/16
STEP
1/8
STEP
1/4
STEP
1/2
STEP
FULL STEP WINDING CURRENT WINDING CURRENT
70%
A
B
86
87
44
88
89
45
23
12
90
91
46
92
93
47
24
94
95
48
96
97
49
25
13
7
98
99
50
100
101
51
26
102
103
52
104
105
53
27
14
106
107
54
108
109
55
28
110
111
56
112
113
57
29
15
114
115
58
116
117
59
30
118
119
60
120
121
61
31
16
122
123
62
124
125
63
32
126
127
64
128
16
8
4
ELECTRICAL
ANGLE
–51%
–86%
239
–47%
–88%
242
–43%
–90%
245
–38%
–92%
248
–34%
–94%
250
–29%
–96%
253
–24%
–97%
256
–20%
–98%
259
–15%
–99%
262
–10%
–100%
264
–5%
–100%
267
0%
–100%
270
5%
–100%
273
10%
–100%
276
15%
–99%
278
20%
–98%
281
24%
–97%
284
29%
–96%
287
34%
–94%
290
38%
–92%
293
43%
–90%
295
47%
–88%
298
51%
–86%
301
56%
–83%
304
60%
–80%
307
63%
–77%
309
67%
–74%
312
71%
–71%
315
74%
–67%
318
77%
–63%
321
80%
–60%
323
83%
–56%
326
86%
–51%
329
88%
–47%
332
90%
–43%
335
92%
–38%
338
94%
–34%
340
96%
–29%
343
97%
–24%
346
98%
–20%
349
99%
–15%
352
100%
–10%
354
100%
–5%
357
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8.3.6 nRESET, nENBLE and nSLEEP Operation
The nRESET pin, when driven active low, resets internal logic, and resets the step table to the home position. It
also disables the H-bridge drivers. The STEP input is ignored while nRESET is active.
The nENBL pin is used to control the output drivers and enable or disable operation of the indexer. When nENBL
is low, the output H-bridges are enabled, and rising edges on the STEP pin are recognized. When nENBL is
high, the H-bridges are disabled, the outputs are in a high-impedance state, and the STEP input is ignored.
Driving nSLEEP low puts the device into a low-power sleep state. In this state, the H-bridges are disabled, the
gate drive charge pump is stopped, the V3P3OUT regulator is disabled, and all internal clocks are stopped. In
this state, all inputs are ignored until nSLEEP returns high. When returning from sleep mode, some time
(approximately 1 ms) needs to pass before applying a STEP input, to allow the internal circuitry to stabilize.
The nRESET and nENABLE pins have internal pulldown resistors of 100 kΩ. The nSLEEP pin has an internal
pulldown resistor of 1 MΩ.
8.3.7 Protection Circuits
The DRV8824 is fully protected against undervoltage, overcurrent, and overtemperature events.
8.3.7.1 Overcurrent Protection (OCP)
An analog current limit circuit on each FET limits the current through the FET by removing the gate drive. If this
analog current limit persists for longer than the OCP time, all FETs in the H-bridge will be disabled and the
nFAULT pin will be driven low. The device remains disabled until either nRESET pin is applied, or VMx is
removed and re-applied.
Overcurrent conditions on both high and low side devices, that is, a short to ground, supply, or across the motor
winding, all result in an overcurrent shutdown. Note that overcurrent protection does not use the current sense
circuitry used for PWM current control, and is independent of the ISENSE resistor value or xVREF voltage.
8.3.7.2 Thermal Shutdown (TSD)
If the die temperature exceeds safe limits, all FETs in the H-bridge will be disabled and the nFAULT pin will be
driven low. After the die temperature has fallen to a safe level, operation automatically resumes.
8.3.7.3 Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO)
If at any time the voltage on the VMx pins falls below the UVLO threshold voltage, all circuitry in the device will
be disabled and internal logic will be reset. Operation resumes when V(VMx) rises above the UVLO threshold.
8.3.8 Thermal Information
8.3.8.1 Thermal Protection
The DRV8824 has TSD, as described in Thermal Shutdown (TSD). If the die temperature exceeds approximately
150°C, the device is disabled until the temperature drops to a safe level.
Any tendency of the device to enter TSD is an indication of either excessive power dissipation, insufficient
heatsinking, or too high an ambient temperature.
8.3.8.2 Power Dissipation
Power dissipation in the DRV8824 is dominated by the power dissipated in the output FET resistance, or RDS(ON).
Average power dissipation when running a stepper motor can be roughly estimated by Equation 2.
PTOT
4 u RDS(ON) u IOUT(RMS)
2
where
•
•
•
PTOT is the total power dissipation
RDS(ON) is the resistance of each FET
IOUT(RMS) is the RMS output current being applied to each winding
(2)
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IOUT(RMS) is equal to the approximately 0.7× the full-scale output current setting. The factor of 4 comes from the
fact that there are two motor windings, and at any instant two FETs are conducting winding current for each
winding (one high-side and one low-side).
The maximum amount of power that can be dissipated in the device is dependent on ambient temperature and
heatsinking.
Note that RDS(ON) increases with temperature, so as the device heats, the power dissipation increases. This must
be taken into consideration when sizing the heatsink.
8.3.8.3 Heatsinking
The PowerPAD™ package uses an exposed pad to remove heat from the device. For proper operation, this pad
must be thermally connected to copper on the PCB to dissipate heat. On a multi-layer PCB with a ground plane,
this can be accomplished by adding a number of vias to connect the thermal pad to the ground plane. On PCBs
without internal planes, copper area can be added on either side of the PCB to dissipate heat. If the copper area
is on the opposite side of the PCB from the device, thermal vias are used to transfer the heat between top and
bottom layers.
For details about how to design the PCB, refer to TI application report SLMA002, PowerPAD™ Thermally
Enhanced Package and TI application brief SLMA004, PowerPAD™ Made Easy, available at www.ti.com.
In general, the more copper area that can be provided, the more power can be dissipated. It can be seen that the
heatsink effectiveness increases rapidly to about 20 cm2, then levels off somewhat for larger areas.
8.4 Device Functional Modes
8.4.1 STEP/DIR Interface
The STEP/DIR interface provides a simple method for advancing through the indexer table. For each rising edge
on the STEP pin, the indexer travels to the next state in the table. The direction it moves in the table is
determined by the input to the DIR pin. The signals applied to the STEP and DIR pins should not violate the
timing diagram specified in Figure 1.
8.4.2 Microstepping
The microstepping indexer allows for a variety of stepping configurations. The state of the indexer is determined
by the configuration of the three MODE pins (refer to Table 1 for configuration options). The DRV8824 supports
full step up to 1/32 microstepping.
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9 Application and Implementation
9.1 Application Information
The DRV8824 is used in bipolar stepper control. The microstepping motor driver provides additional precision
and a smooth rotation from the stepper motor. The following design is a common application of the DRV8824.
9.2 Typical Application
DRV8824
V3P3OUT
CP1
GND
CP2
nHOME
VCP
MODE2
VMA
MODE1
AOUT1
MODE0
10 kŸ
0.01 µF
1MŸ
0.1 µF
+
0.1 µF
400 mŸ
NC
ISENA
Stepper Motor
±
VM
100 µF
+
+
AOUT2
STEP
BOUT2
nENBL
±
400 mŸ
DIR
ISENB
V3P3OUT
BOUT1
DECAY
VMB
nFAULT
AVREF
nSLEEP
BVREF
nRESET
10 kŸ
V3P3OUT
10 kŸ
30 kŸ
GND
PPAD
0.1 µF
V3P3OUT
V3P3OUT
0.47 µF
9.2.1 Design Requirements
Table 3 gives design input parameters for system design.
Table 3. Design Parameters
Design Parameter
Supply voltage
Motor winding resistance
Motor winding inductance
Motor full step angle
Target microstepping level
Target motor speed
Target full-scale current
Reference
Example Value
VMx
24 V
RL
1.0 Ω/phase
LL
3.5 mH/phase
θstep
1.8°/step
nm
8 microsteps per step
v
120 rpm
IFS
1.25 A
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9.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
9.2.2.1 Stepper Motor Speed
The first step in configuring the DRV8824 requires the desired motor speed and microstepping level. If the target
application requires a constant speed, then a square wave with frequency ƒstep must be applied to the STEP pin.
If the target motor startup speed is too high, the motor will not spin. Make sure that the motor can support the
target speed or implement an acceleration profile to bring the motor up to speed.
For a desired motor speed (v), microstepping level (nm), and motor full step angle (θstep),
SPACE
¦step —VWHSV VHF RQG
§ µsteps ·
q
§ rotations ·
§
·
v¨
¸ u 360 ¨ rotation ¸ u nm ¨ step ¸
minute
©
¹
©
¹
©
¹
§ q ·
§ sec onds ·
60 ¨
¸ u Tstep ¨ step ¸
© minute ¹
©
¹
(3)
§ µsteps ·
q
§ rotations ·
§
·
u 360 ¨
u 8¨
120 ¨
¸
¸
¸
© minute ¹
© rotation ¹
© step ¹
§ q ·
§ sec onds ·
u 1.8 ¨
60 ¨
¸
¸
© minute ¹
© step ¹
(4)
SPACE
¦step —VWHSV VHF RQG
θstep can be found in the stepper motor datasheet or written on the motor itself.
For the DRV8824, the microstepping level is set by the MODE pins and can be any of the settings in Table 1.
Higher microstepping will mean a smoother motor motion and less audible noise, but will increase switching
losses and require a higher ƒstep to achieve the same motor speed.
9.2.2.2 Current Regulation
In a stepper motor, the set full-scale current (IFS) is the maximum current driven through either winding. This
quantity depends on the xVREF analog voltage and the sense resistor value (RSENSE). During stepping, IFS
defines the current chopping threshold (ITRIP) for the maximum current step. The gain of DRV8825 is set for 5
V/V.
xVREF(V)
xVREF(V)
IFS (A)
A v u RSENSE (:) 5 u RSENSE (:)
(5)
To achieve IFS = 1.25 A with RSENSE of 0.4 Ω, xVREF should be 2.5 V.
9.2.2.3 Decay Modes
The DRV8824 supports three different decay modes: slow decay, fast decay, and mixed decay. The current
through the motor windings is regulated using a fixed-frequency PWM scheme. This means that after any drive
phase, when a motor winding current has hit the current chopping threshold (ITRIP), the DRV8824 will place the
winding in one of the three decay modes until the PWM cycle has expired. Afterward, a new drive phase starts.
The blanking time tBLANK defines the minimum drive time for the current chopping. ITRIP is ignored during tBLANK,
so the winding current may overshoot the trip level.
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9.2.3 Application Curves
Figure 8. Microstepping Waveform, Phase A, Mixed Decay
Figure 9. Microstepping Waveform, Slow Decay on
Increasing Steps
Figure 10. Microstepping Waveform, Mixed Decay on Decreasing Steps
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10 Power Supply Recommendations
The DRV8824 is designed to operate from an input voltage supply (V(VMx)) range between 8.2 and 45 V. Two
0.01-µF ceramic capacitors rated for VMx must be placed as close as possible to the VMA and VMB pins
respectively (one on each pin). In addition to the local decoupling caps, additional bulk capacitance is required
and must be sized accordingly to the application requirements.
10.1 Bulk Capacitance
Bulk capacitance sizing is an important factor in motor drive system design. It depends on a variety of factors
including:
• Type of power supply
• Acceptable supply voltage ripple
• Parasitic inductance in the power supply wiring
• Type of motor (brushed DC, brushless DC, stepper)
• Motor startup current
• Motor braking method
The inductance between the power supply and motor drive system limits the rate current can change from the
power supply. If the local bulk capacitance is too small, the system responds to excessive current demands or
dumps from the motor with a change in voltage. The designer must size the bulk capacitance to meet acceptable
voltage ripple levels.
The data sheet generally provides a recommended value, but system-level testing is required to determine the
appropriate-sized bulk capacitor.
Power Supply
Parasitic Wire
Inductance
Motor Drive System
VM
+
±
+
Motor
Driver
GND
Local
Bulk Capacitor
IC Bypass
Capacitor
Figure 11. Example Setup of Motor Drive System With External Power Supply
10.2 Power Supply and Logic Sequencing
There is no specific sequence for powering-up the DRV8824. It is okay for digital input signals to be present
before VMx is applied. After VMx is applied to the DRV8824, it begins operation based on the status of the
control pins.
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11 Layout
11.1 Layout Guidelines
The VMA and VMB terminals should be bypassed to GND using low-ESR ceramic bypass capacitors with a
recommended value of 0.01 µF rated for VMx. This capacitor should be placed as close to the VMA and VMB
pins as possible with a thick trace or ground plane connection to the device GND pin.
The VMA and VMB pins must be bypassed to ground using a bulk capacitor. This component may be an
electrolytic. If VMA and VMB are connected to the same board net, a single bulk capacitor is sufficient.
A low-ESR ceramic capacitor must be placed in between the CPL and CPH pins. TI recommends a value of
0.01 µF rated for VMA and VMB. Place this component as close to the pins as possible.
A low-ESR ceramic capacitor must be placed in between the VMA and VCP pins. TI recommends a value of
0.1 µF rated for 16 V. Place this component as close to the pins as possible. Also, place a 1-MΩ resistor
between VCP and VMA.
Bypass V3P3 to ground with a ceramic capacitor rated 6.3 V. Place this bypassing capacitor as close to the pin
as possible.
11.2 Layout Example
0.1 µF
CP1
GND
0.01 µF
1 MŸ
CP2
nHOME
VCP
MODE2
VMA
MODE1
AOUT1
MODE0
ISENA
NC
AOUT2
STEP
BOUT2
nEMBL
ISENB
DIR
0.1 µF
RISENA
RISENB
BOUT1
DECAY
VMB
nFAULT
+
0.1 µF
AVREF
nSLEEP
BVREF
nRESET
GND
V3P3OUT
0.47 µF
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12 Device and Documentation Support
12.1 Trademarks
PowerPAD is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
12.2 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
12.3 Glossary
SLYZ022 — TI Glossary.
This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.
13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most
current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of
this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation.
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PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
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19-Jun-2014
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status
(1)
Package Type Package Pins Package
Drawing
Qty
Eco Plan
Lead/Ball Finish
MSL Peak Temp
(2)
(6)
(3)
Op Temp (°C)
Device Marking
(4/5)
DRV8824PWP
ACTIVE
HTSSOP
PWP
28
50
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 85
DRV8824
DRV8824PWPR
ACTIVE
HTSSOP
PWP
28
2000
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-1-260C-UNLIM
-40 to 85
DRV8824
DRV8824RHDR
ACTIVE
VQFN
RHD
28
3000
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 85
DRV8824
DRV8824RHDT
ACTIVE
VQFN
RHD
28
250
Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br)
CU NIPDAU
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 85
DRV8824
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability
information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that
lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between
the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight
in homogeneous material)
(3)
MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.
(4)
There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device.
(5)
Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation
of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device.
(6)
Lead/Ball Finish - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead/Ball Finish values may wrap to two lines if the finish
value exceeds the maximum column width.
Addendum-Page 1
Samples
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
19-Jun-2014
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information
provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and
continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.
TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.
OTHER QUALIFIED VERSIONS OF DRV8824 :
• Automotive: DRV8824-Q1
NOTE: Qualified Version Definitions:
• Automotive - Q100 devices qualified for high-reliability automotive applications targeting zero defects
Addendum-Page 2
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com
18-Aug-2014
TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION
*All dimensions are nominal
Device
Package Package Pins
Type Drawing
SPQ
Reel
Reel
A0
Diameter Width (mm)
(mm) W1 (mm)
B0
(mm)
K0
(mm)
P1
(mm)
W
Pin1
(mm) Quadrant
DRV8824PWPR
HTSSOP
PWP
28
2000
330.0
16.4
6.9
10.2
1.8
12.0
16.0
Q1
DRV8824RHDR
VQFN
RHD
28
3000
330.0
DRV8824RHDT
VQFN
RHD
28
250
180.0
12.4
5.3
5.3
1.1
8.0
12.0
Q2
12.4
5.3
5.3
1.1
8.0
12.0
Q2
Pack Materials-Page 1
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com
18-Aug-2014
*All dimensions are nominal
Device
Package Type
Package Drawing
Pins
SPQ
Length (mm)
Width (mm)
Height (mm)
DRV8824PWPR
HTSSOP
PWP
28
2000
367.0
367.0
38.0
DRV8824RHDR
VQFN
RHD
28
3000
367.0
367.0
35.0
DRV8824RHDT
VQFN
RHD
28
250
210.0
185.0
35.0
Pack Materials-Page 2
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