RoHS Recast Compliant Serial ATA Flash Drive SAFD 25P Specifications May 13th, 2013 Version 2.0 Apacer Technology Inc. th 4 Fl., 75 Hsin Tai Wu Rd., Sec.1, Xizhi, New Taipei City, Taiwan 221 Tel: +886-2-2698-2888 www.apacer.com Fax: +886-2-2698-2889 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25P6Bxxxx- 5XX Features: Standard Serial ATA 2.6 – Serial ATA 2.6 – SATA II, 3.0 Gbps – ATA-compatible command set – ATA modes support Temperature ranges – Operation: Standard: 0°C to 70°C (32 ~ 158°F) Extended: -40°C to 85°C (-40° ~ 185°F) – Storage: -40°C to 100°C (-40° ~ 212°F) Capacities – 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 GB Supply voltage – 5.0 V ± 5% Performance* – Burst read/write: 300 MB/sec – Sustained read: up to 265 MB/sec – Sustained write: up to 230 MB/sec Power consumption (typical)* – Active mode: 789 [email protected] V – Idle mode: 196 [email protected] V Intelligent endurance design – Built-in hardware ECC, enabling up to 16/24 bit correction per 1024 bytes – Static wear-leveling scheme together with dynamical block allocation to significantly increase the lifetime of a flash device and optimize the disk performance – Flash bad block management – S.M.A.R.T. – Power Failure Management – ATA Secure Erase – TRIM Form factor – 2.5 inch (100 x 69.9 x 9.3, unit: mm) Connector – 7-pin SATA male connector – 15-pin SATA power connector Shock & Vibration – Shock: 1500 G (non-operating) – Vibration: 15 G (non-operating) Endurance** – 8 GB: 535 TBW – 16 GB: 1070 TBW – 32 GB: 2140 TBW – 64 GB: 4280 TBW – 128 GB: 8565 TBW – 256 GB: 17130 TBW RoHS Recast compliant (2011/65/EU standard) NAND Flash Type: SLC MTBF (hours): >2,000,000 hours *Varies from capacities. The values presented for Performances and Power Consumption are typical and may vary depending on different configurations and platforms. **Endurance of our SSD devices are estimated in TBW (Terabytes Written) and measured under constant PC transfer rate. 1 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 2.0 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25P6Bxxxx- 5XX Table of Contents 1. Product Description ................................................................................................. 3 1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................3 1.2 Functional Block Diagram..........................................................................................................................3 1.3 ATA Mode Support.....................................................................................................................................4 1.4 Capacity Specification.................................................................................................................................4 1.5 Performance.................................................................................................................................................4 1.6 Pin Assignments ..........................................................................................................................................5 2. Software Interface .................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Command Set ..............................................................................................................................................7 2.2 S.M.A.R.T. ...................................................................................................................................................8 3. Flash Management ................................................................................................... 9 3.1 Error Correction/Detection ........................................................................................................................9 3.2 Flash Block Management ...........................................................................................................................9 3.3 Wear Leveling..............................................................................................................................................9 3.4 Power Failure Management .......................................................................................................................9 3.5 ATA Secure Erase .......................................................................................................................................9 3.6 TRIM..........................................................................................................................................................10 4. Environmental Specifications ............................................................................... 11 4.1 Environments.............................................................................................................................................11 4.2 Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF)....................................................................................................11 4.3 Certification and Compliance ..................................................................................................................11 4.4 Endurance ...................................................................................................................................................12 5. Electrical Characteristics ...................................................................................... 13 5.1 Operating Voltage .....................................................................................................................................13 5.2 Power Consumption ..................................................................................................................................13 6. Physical Characteristics........................................................................................ 14 6.1 Metal Housing............................................................................................................................................14 7. Product Ordering Information ............................................................................... 15 7.1 Product Code Designations ......................................................................................................................15 7.2 Valid Combinations...................................................................................................................................16 2 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 2.0 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25P6Bxxxx- 5XX 1. Product Description 1.1 Introduction Apacer’s Serial ATA Flash Drive (SAFD) is a standard 2.5-inch solid-state drive (SSD) designed for embedded applications in demanding environments. SAFD 25P drive is designed with a single-chip controller providing full support for the SATA II high-speed interface standard. It can operate at sustained access rates up to 260 megabytes per second. In addition, SAFD 25P adopts the global wear-leveling scheme to allow uniform use of all storage blocks, ensuring that the lifespan of a flash media can be significantly increased and the disk performance is optimized as well. SAFD 25P provides the S.M.A.R.T. feature that follows the SATA Rev. 2.6, ATA/ATAPI-7 specifications and uses the standard SMART command B0h to read data from the drive. This feature protects the user from unscheduled downtime by monitoring and storing critical drive performance. 1.2 Functional Block Diagram SAFD 25P drive includes a single-chip SATA II Controller and the flash media, as well as the SATA standard interface. The controller integrates the flash management unit with the controller itself to support multi-channel, multi-bank flash arrays. Figure 1-1 shows the functional block diagram. Figure 1-1 Apacer SAFD 25P block diagram 3 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 2.0 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25P6Bxxxx- 5XX 1.3 ATA Mode Support SAFD 25P provides ATA mode support as follows: 1.4 Up to PIO mode-4 Up to Multiword DMA mode-2 Up to UDMA mode-4 Capacity Specification Capacity specification of SAFD 25P product family is available as shown in Table 1-1. It lists the specific capacity, the default numbers of logical cylinders and heads, and the number of logical sectors per track for each product line. Table 1-1 Capacity specification Capacity Total Bytes* Cylinders Heads Sectors Max LBA** 8 GB 7,012,196,352 13,587 16 63 13,695,696 16 GB 16,013,942,784 16383 16 63 31,277,232 32 GB 32,017,047,552 16383 16 63 62,533,296 64 GB 64,023,257,088 16383 16 63 125,045,424 128 GB 128,035,676,160 16383 16 63 250,069,680 256 GB 256,060,514,304 16383 16 63 500,118,192 *Display of total bytes varies from file systems. **Cylinders, heads or sectors are not applicable for these capacities. Only LBA addressing applies. ***Notes: 1 GB = 1,000,000,000 bytes; 1 sector = 512 bytes. LBA count addressed in the table above indicates total user storage capacity and will remain the same throughout the lifespan of the device. However, the total usable capacity of the SSD is most likely to be less than the total physical capacity because a small portion of the capacity is reserved for device maintenance usages. 1.5 Performance Performance of SAFD 25P is shown in Table 1-2. Table 1-2 Performance specifications Capacity Performance Sustained Read MB (MB/s) Sustained Write (MB/s) 8 GB 16 GB 32 GB 64 GB 128 GB 256 GB 220 250 260 265 260 260 120 190 230 230 230 225 Note: Results may differ from various flash configurations or host system configurations.. The performance was measured by CrystalDiskMark under Windows operating system. 4 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 2.0 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25P6Bxxxx- 5XX 1.6 Pin Assignments Table 1-3 describes SAFD 25P signal segment, and Table1-4, its power segment. Figure 1-2 Pin Assignments Table 1-4: Signal segment Name Type S1 GND S2 RxP S3 RxN S4 S5 S6 TxP S7 GND Table 1-5: Power segment Description Pin Signal/Description P1 Not used (3.3V) P2 Not used (3.3V) P3 Not used (3.3V) GND P4 Ground TxN P5 Ground P6 Ground P7 5V P8 5V Serial Data Receiver Serial Data Transmitter P9 5V P10 Ground P11 Reserved P12 Ground P13 Not used (12V) P14 Not used (12V) P15 Not used (12V) 5 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 2.0 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25P6Bxxxx- 5XX Figure 1-3 SATA Cable / Connector Connection Diagram The connector on the left represents the Host with TX/RX differential pairs connected to a cable while the connector on the right shows the Device with TX/RX differential pairs also connected to the cable. Notice also the ground path connecting the shielding of the cable to the Cable Receptacle. 6 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 2.0 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25P6Bxxxx- 5XX 2. Software Interface 2.1 Command Set Table 2-1 summarizes the ATA commands supported by SAFD 25P. Table 2-1: Command set Command Code Check-Power-Mode E5H Execute-Drive-Diagnostic 90H Flush-Cache E7H Identify-Drive ECH Idle E3H Idle-Immediate E1H Initialize-Drive-Parameters 91H Read-DMA C8H or C9H Read-Multiple C4H Read-Sector(s) 20H or 21H Read-Verify-Sector(s) 40H or 41H Recalibrate 10H Security-Disable-Password F6H Security-Erase-Prepare F3H Security-Erase-Unit F4H Security-Freeze-Lock F5H Security-Set-Password F1H Security-Unlock F2H Seek 7XH Set-Features EFH Set-Multiple-Mode C6H Sleep E6H SMART B0H Standby E2H Standby-lmmediate E0H Write-DMA CAH Write-Multiple C5H Write-Sector(s) 30H 7 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 2.0 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25P6Bxxxx- 5XX 2.2 S.M.A.R.T. S.M.A.R.T. is an abbreviation for Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology, a self-monitoring system that provides indicators of drive health as well as potential disk problems. It serves as a warning for users from unscheduled downtime by monitoring and displaying critical drive information. Ideally, this should allow taking proactive actions to prevent drive failure and make use of S.M.A.R.T. information for future product development reference. Apacer devices use the standard SMART command B0h to read data out from the drive to activate our S.M.A.R.T. feature that complies with the ATA/ATAPI specifications. S.M.A.R.T. Attribute IDs shall include initial bad block count, total later bad block count, maximum erase count, average erase count, power on hours and power cycle. When the S.M.A.R.T. Utility running on the host, it analyzes and reports the disk status to the host before the device reaches in critical condition. Note: attribute IDs may vary from product models due to various solution design and supporting capabilities. 8 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 2.0 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25P6Bxxxx- 5XX 3. Flash Management 3.1 Error Correction/Detection SAFD 25P implements hardware ECC scheme based on the BCH algorithm which can detect and correct up to 16 bits or 24 bits error in 1024 bytes. 3.2 Flash Block Management Current production technology is unable to guarantee total reliability of NAND flash memory array. When a flash memory device leaves factory, it comes with a minimal number of initial bad blocks during production or out-of-factory as there is no currently known technology that produce flash chips free of bad blocks. In addition, bad blocks may develop during program/erase cycles. When host performs program/erase command on a block, bad block may appear in Status Register. Since bad blocks are inevitable, the solution is to keep them in control. Apacer flash devices are programmed with ECC, block mapping technique and S.M.A.R.T to reduce invalidity or error. Once bad blocks are detected, data in those blocks will be transferred to free blocks and error will be corrected by designated algorithms. 3.3 Wear Leveling Flash memory devices differ from Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) in terms of how blocks are utilized. For HDDs, when a change is made to stored data, like erase or update, the controller mechanism on HDDs will perform overwrites on blocks. Unlike HDDs, flash blocks cannot be overwritten and each P/E cycle wears down the lifespan of blocks gradually. Repeatedly program/erase cycles performed on the same memory cells will eventually cause some blocks to age faster than others. This would bring flash storages to their end of service term sooner. Wear leveling is an important mechanism that level out the wearing of blocks so that the wearing-down of blocks can be almost evenly distributed. This will increase the lifespan of SSDs. Commonly used wear leveling types are Static and Dynamic. 3.4 Power Failure Management Power Failure Management plays a crucial role when experiencing unstable power supply. Power disruption may occur when users are storing data into the SSD. In this urgent situation, the controller would run multiple write-to-flash cycles to store the metadata for later block rebuilding. This urgent operation requires about several milliseconds to get it done. At the next power up, the firmware will perform a status tracking to retrieve the mapping table and resume previously programmed NAND blocks to check if there is any incompleteness of transmission. Note: The controller unit of this product model is designed with a DRAM as a write cache for improved performance and data efficiency. Though unlikely to happen in most cases, the data cached in the volatile DRAM might be potentially affected if a sudden power loss takes place before the cached data is flushed into non-volatile NAND flash memory. 3.5 ATA Secure Erase ATA Secure Erase is an ATA disk purging command currently embedded in most of the storage drives. Defined in ATA specifications, (ATA) Secure Erase is part of Security Feature Set that allows storage drives to erase all user data areas. The erase process usually runs on the firmware level as most of the ATA-based storage media currently in the market are built-in with this command. ATA Secure Erase can securely wipe out the user data in the drive and protects it from malicious attack. 9 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 2.0 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25P6Bxxxx- 5XX 3.6 TRIM TRIM, though in capital letters usually, is a memory computation command rather than an abbreviation. It is mainly a SATA command that enables the operating system to inform the SSD (Solid State Drive) which blocks of previously stored data are no longer valid, due to erases by the host or operating system, such as file deletions or disk formatting. Once notified, SSD will begin the discard of the invalid LBAs and retain more space for itself, in fact, the discarded is no longer recoverable. When an LBA is replaced by the operating system, as with overwrite of a file, the SSD is informed that the originally occupied LBA is determined as no longer in use or invalid. The SSD will not save those blocks in garbage collected sectors. Noticeably, a file deletion command by host or operating system never actually erases the actual content, rather, just the file is marked as deleted. This issue is even specifically noticeable for flash based memory devices, such as SSDs. In fact, an SSD will keep garbage collecting the invalid, previously occupied LBAs, if it is not informed that these LBAs can be erased. Thus, the SSD would experience a significant performance downfall. 10 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 2.0 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25P6Bxxxx- 5XX 4. Environmental Specifications 4.1 Environments SAFD 25P environmental specifications follow the US Military Standard MIL-STD-810F, as shown in Table 4-1. Table 4-1 SAFD 25P environmental specifications Environment Temperature Specification 0°C to 70°C (Operating – Standard); -40°C to 85°C (Operating – ET*) Vibration** Shock** -40°C to 100°C (Non-operating) Sine wave Frequency: 10-2000 Hz Acceleration : 15 G Direction : X, Y, Z axis Half sine wave Acceleration: 1,500 G Direction : ±X, ±Y, ±Z axis *Extended Temperature **Non-operating 4.2 Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) is predicted based on reliability data for the individual components in SAFD drive. The prediction result for SAFD 25P is more than 2,000,000 hours. Notes about the MTBF: The MTBF is predicated and calculated based on “Telcordia Technologies Special Report, SR-332, Issue 2” method. 4.3 Certification and Compliance SAFD 25P drive complies with the following standards: CE FCC RoHS Recast MIL-STD-810F 11 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 2.0 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25P6Bxxxx- 5XX 4.4 Endurance Terabytes Written (TBW) is an endurance rating system that indicates the maximum number of terabytes written by the host to the drive. NAND flash has a limit on how many P/E cycles it can withstand before its data retention becomes unreliable. Thus, key factors, such as wear leveling, flash configurations, Write Amplifications and the number of P/E cycles, can influence the lifespan of the drive. The TBW of the device are listed in the following table. Capacity TBW (TB) 8 GB 535 16 GB 1070 32 GB 2140 64 GB 4280 128 GB 8565 256 GB 17130 Notes: The measurement assumes the data written to the SSD for test is under a typical and constant rate. The measurement follows the standard metric: 1 TB (Terabyte) = 1000 GB. 12 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 2.0 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25P6Bxxxx- 5XX 5. Electrical Characteristics 5.1 Operating Voltage Table 5-1 lists the supply voltage for SAFD 25P. Table 5-1 SAFD 25P operating voltage Parameter Conditions Supply voltage 5.0 V ±5% ( 4.75-5.25 V) 5.2 Power Consumption Table 5-2 lists SAFD 25P power consumption. Table 5-2 SAFD 25P power consumption (typical) Capacity Performance Active Mode (mA) Idle Mode (mA) 8 GB 16 GB 32 GB 64 GB 128 GB 256 GB 400 555 718 789 620 691 230 255 190 190 193 196 Note: power consumption may vary depending on flash configurations or platforms. 13 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 2.0 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25P6Bxxxx- 5XX 6. Physical Characteristics 6.1 Metal Housing Figure 6-1 illustrates the overall dimensions of SAFD 25P w/Metal Housing, as listed in Table 6-1. Table 6-1 SAFD 25P w/Metal Housing dimensions ㎜) Dimension Millimeters ( Height 9.30 ± 0.20 Width 69.90 ± 0.15 Length 100.00 ± 0.15 Figure 6-1 SAFD 25P w/Metal Housing physical dimensions 14 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 2.0 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25P6Bxxxx- 5XX 7. Product Ordering Information 7.1 AP Product Code Designations S 25P 6 B xxxx –5X X Temperature Range Blank: Standard W: Extended Temperature Flash type T: Toshiba C: Micron Version Control Capacities: 008G: 016G: 032G: 064G: 128G: 256G: 8 GB 16 GB 32 GB 64 GB 128 GB 256 GB Housing Type Solution version 2.5 inch Form Factor Serial ATA Flash Drive Apacer Product Code 15 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 2.0 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25P6Bxxxx- 5XX 7.2 Valid Combinations Capacity Standard Extended Temperature 8 GB APS25P6B008G-5T APS25P6B008G-5TW 16 GB APS25P6B016G-5T APS25P6B016G-5TW 32 GB APS25P6B032G-5T APS25P6B032G-5TW 64 GB APS25P6B064G-5T APS25P6B064G-5TW 128 GB APS25P6B128G-5C APS25P6B128G-5CW 256 GB APS25P6B256G-5C APS25P6B256G-5CW Note: Please consult with Apacer sales representatives for availabilities. 16 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 2.0 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25P6Bxxxx- 5XX Revision History Revision Description Date 1.0 Formal release 02/21/2011 1.1 Updated Physical Characteristics and Product Ordering Information 03/17/2011 1.2 Updated Product Ordering Information 05/13/2011 1.3 Revised Product Ordering Information 05/17/2011 1.4 Higher capacities added 10/14/2011 -- added 128GB & 256GB 1.5 Updated Performance and Power Consumptions due to changes in flash configurations 11/30/2011 Updated Product Ordering Information 1.6 Revised S.M.A.R.T information 03/23/2012 1.7 Added Endurance section 05/24/2012 Revised environmental specifications 1.8 Updated Product Ordering Information due to firmware upgrade 11/09/2012 1.9 8GB and 16GB have been added and become available 02/01/2013 Environmental specifications updated from RoHS to RoHS Recast 2.0 Updated Product Ordering Information due to firmware upgrade 05/13/2013 17 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 2.0 Serial ATA Flash Drive APS25P6Bxxxx- 5XX Global Presence Taiwan (Headquarters) Apacer Technology Inc. th 4 Fl., 75 Hsin Tai Wu Rd., Sec.1 Xizhi, New Taipei City Taiwan 221 R.O.C. Tel: +886-2-2698-2888 Fax: +886-2-2698-2889 [email protected] U.S.A. Apacer Memory America, Inc. 386 Fairview Way, Suite102, Milpitas, CA 95035 Tel: 1-408-518-8699 Fax: 1-408-935-9611 [email protected] Japan Apacer Technology Corp. 5F, Matsura Bldg., Shiba, Minato-Ku Tokyo, 105-0014, Japan Tel: 81-3-5419-2668 Fax: 81-3-5419-0018 [email protected] Europe Apacer Technology B.V. Science Park Eindhoven 5051 5692 EB Son, The Netherlands Tel: 31-40-267-0000 Fax: 31-40-267-0000#6199 [email protected] China Apacer Electronic (Shanghai) Co., Ltd 1301, No.251,Xiaomuqiao Road, Shanghai, 200032, China Tel: 86-21-5529-0222 Fax: 86-21-5206-6939 [email protected] India Apacer Technologies Pvt Ltd, # 535, 1st Floor, 8th cross, JP Nagar 3rd Phase, Bangalore – 560078, India Tel: 91-80-4152-9061 [email protected] 18 © 2013 Apacer Technology Inc. Rev. 2.0