Diodes AP1694A Offline, high pf, high efficiency dimmable led driver controller Datasheet

A Product Line of
Diodes Incorporated
AP1694A
PRODUCT
NEW PRODUCT
NEW
OFFLINE, HIGH PF, HIGH EFFICIENCY DIMMABLE LED DRIVER CONTROLLER
Description
Features
The AP1694A is a high performance AC/DC power factor corrector for
mains dimmable LED driver applications. The device uses Pulse
Frequency Modulation (PFM) technology to regulate output current
while achieving high power factor and low THD. It operates as a BCM
(Boundary Conduction Mode) controller which is good for EMI.

The AP1694A provides accurate constant current (CC) regulation
while removing the opto-coupler and secondary control circuitry. It
also eliminates the need of loop compensation circuitry while
maintaining stability. It can meet the requirement of IEC6100-3-2
harmonic standard.
The AP1694A features low start-up current, low operation current. It
adopts valley on switching mode to achieve high efficiency. It also has
rich protection features including over voltage, short circuit, over
temperature protection.
The AP1694A provides the dimmable LED driver with a wide dimmer
compatibility including leading edge and trailing edge dimmer. The
AP1694A can achieve deep dimming down to 1%, while the dimming
curve is compliant with the standard of NEMA SSL6.















The AP1694A is available in SO-8 package.
Primary Side Control for Output Current Regulation without Optocoupler
Boundary Conduction Mode (BCM) Operation to Achieve Highefficiency
High PF and Low THD (PF > 0.9, THD < 30%)
High Efficiency without Dimmer
Wide Range of Dimmer Compatibility
Dimming Curve Compliant with NEMA SSL6
Low Start-up Current
Tight LED Current
Tight LED Open Voltage
Valley-mode Switching to Minimize the Transition Loss
Mosfet driver up to 25W
Easy EMI
Internal Protections:

Under Voltage Lock Out(UVLO)

Leading-edge Blanking (LEB)

Output Short Protection

Output Open Protection

Over Temperature Protection
Flexible for Design with Small Form Factor and Very Low BOM
Cost
Totally Lead-Free & Fully RoHS Compliant (Notes 1 & 2)
Halogen and Antimony Free. “Green” Device (Note 3)
Pin Assignments
Applications

(Top View)
NC
1
8
VCC
RI
2
7
OUT
SGND
3
6
GND
CS
4
5
FB
Mains Dimmable LED Lighting
SO-8
Notes:
1. No purposely added lead. Fully EU Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS) & 2011/65/EU (RoHS 2) compliant.
2. See http://www.diodes.com/quality/lead_free.html for more information about Diodes Incorporated’s definitions of Halogen- and Antimony-free, "Green"
and Lead-free.
3. Halogen- and Antimony-free "Green” products are defined as those which contain <900ppm bromine, <900ppm chlorine (<1500ppm total Br + Cl) and
<1000ppm antimony compounds.
AP1694A
Document number: DS37094 Rev. 1 - 2
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AP1694A
Typical Applications Circuit
L1
L
RF
BD1
R9
R3
R2
PRODUCT
NEW PRODUCT
NEW
C1
N
F1
+
D2
C4
OUT
Q2
C2
TVS1
T1
D1
Z1
R4
C3
R5
VCC
R1
FB
Q1
RI
OUT
SGND
GND
R6
CS
R7
R8
U1 AP1694A
Typical Buck Application
L1
L
RF
BD1
R9
R3
R2
C1
N
F1
TVS1
Q2
C4
C2
D1
+
OUT
R4
T1
Z1
R5
C3
D2
R6
VCC
FB
R1
RI
SGND
GND
Q1
OUT
CS
R7
R8
U1 AP1694A
Typical Buck-boost Application
AP1694A
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AP1694A
Typical Applications Circuit (Cont.)
L1
L
RF
R9
PRODUCT
NEW PRODUCT
NEW
F1
TVS1
C5
R3
R2
C1
N
D2
R10
BD1
+
D3
Q2
C2
D1
C4
OUT
R4
Z1
T1
R5
C3
R6
VCC
FB
R1
RI
Q1
OUT
SGND
CS
GND
R7
R8
U1 AP1694A
Typical Fly-back Application
Pin Descriptions
Pin Number
Pin Name
1
NC
No connection.
2
RI
The initial on time setting resistor.
3
SGND
4
CS
Primary current sensing.
5
FB
The feedback voltage from auxiliary winding.
6
GND
Ground.
7
OUT
Gate driver output.
8
VCC
Supply voltage of gate driver and control circuits of the IC.
AP1694A
Document number: DS37094 Rev. 1 - 2
Function
Must connect to GND.
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AP1694A
Functional Block Diagram
VCC
8
Vdd
CS_OCP
Power_EN
Vref
5
PRODUCT
NEW PRODUCT
NEW
FB
Tons
Detector
2
RI
Regulator&
Bias
FB_CV
PRO Protection
& Latch FB_OVP
VCC_OVP
Tons
Set Initial Tonp
CC_CTRL
S
PFM
Logic Q
TONP_CTRL
7
Driver
OUT
R
3
SGND
Vcs_valley
4
CS
Vcsmax
Constant Turn-on
Time Generation
6
GND
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 4) (@TA = +25°C, unless otherwise specified.)
Symbol
Parameter
Rating
Unit
VCC
Power Supply Voltage
-0.3 to 35
V
IOUT
Driver Output Current
150
mA
VCS
Voltage at CS to GND
-0.3 to 7
V
VFB
FB Input Voltage
-40 to 10
V
Operating Junction Temperature
-40 to +150
°C
TSTG
Storage Temperature
-65 to +150
°C
TLEAD
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec)
+300
°C
PD
Power Dissipation (TA = +50C)
0.65
W
θJA
Thermal Resistance (Junction to Ambient)
160
°C/W
TJ
–
ESD (Human Body Model)
±2000
V
–
ESD (Machine Model)
±200
V
Note 4: Stresses greater than those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “Recommended Operating Conditions” is not implied.
Exposure to “Absolute Maximum Ratings” for extended periods may affect device reliability.
AP1694A
Document number: DS37094 Rev. 1 - 2
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AP1694A
Recommended Operating Conditions
Symbol
Parameter
Max
Unit
VCC
Power Supply Voltage
7
25
V
TA
Ambient Temperature
-40
+105
°C
Electrical Characteristics
PRODUCT
NEW PRODUCT
NEW
Min
(@TA = +25°C, unless otherwise specified.)
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
UVLO Section
Start-up Threshold
–
13
14.5
16
V
Minimum Operating Voltage
After turn on
5.5
6.5
7.5
V
VCC OVP Voltage
–
27
29
31
V
VCC Delatch Voltage (Note 5)
–
3
4
5
V
Start-up Current
VCC = VTH (ST) -0.5V,
Before start up
–
–
20
µA
Operating Current
Static
–
900
1300
µA
Gate Voltage
–
11
12
14
V
ISOURCE_L
Low Driver Source Current
–
35
40
45
mA
ISOURCE_H
High Driver Source Current
–
90
100
120
mA
Sink Resistance
–
6
7
8
Ω
Current Sense Reference
–
–
1
–
V
Current Sense Reference Clamp
–
1.2
1.4
–
V
Minimum tONP
–
700
–
1000
ns
Delay to Output (Note 5)
–
50
150
250
ns
Feedback Pin Input Leakage
Current
VFB = 2V
–
–
4
µA
VFB_CV
FB CV Threshold
–
3.8
4
4.2
V
VFB_OVP
FB OVP Threshold
–
4.5
6
7.5
V
System Output Current On Final
Test Board
–
–
–
±2
%
VTH (ST)
VOPR (Min)
VCC_OVP
–
Standby Current Section
IST
ICC (OPR)
Drive Output Section
VGATE
RDS(on)
Current Sense Section
VCS_REF
VCS_CLAMP
tONP_MIN
tD(H-L)
Feedback Input Section
IFB
Output Current
–
Over Temperature Protection Section
–
Shutdown Temperature (Note 5)
–
+150
–
–
°C
–
Temperature Hysteresis (Note 5)
–
–
+20
–
°C
Note 5: These parameters, although guaranteed by design, are not 100% tested in production.
AP1694A
Document number: DS37094 Rev. 1 - 2
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AP1694A
Performance Characteristics
CV Threshold vs. Supply Voltage
Start-up Voltage vs. Ambient Temperature
4.2
16.0
15.5
4.1
Start-up Voltage (V)
CV Threshold (V)
3.9
3.8
14.5
14.0
13.5
13.0
3.7
12.5
3.6
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
12.0
-40
28
-20
0
Supply Voltage (V)
20
40
60
80
100
120
o
Ambient Temperature ( C)
Minimal Operating Voltage vs. Ambient Temperature
Start-up Current vs. Ambient Temperature
7.2
2.0
7.1
7.0
6.9
Start-up Current (A)
Minimal Operating Voltage (V)
1.8
6.8
6.7
6.6
6.5
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
6.4
0.8
6.3
6.2
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.6
-40
120
-20
0
o
20
40
60
80
100
120
o
Ambient Temperature ( C)
Ambient Temperature ( C)
Operating Current vs. Ambient Temperature
CV Threshold vs. Ambient Temperature
1000
4.50
4.25
CV Threshold (V)
900
Operating Current (A)
PRODUCT
NEW PRODUCT
NEW
15.0
4.0
800
700
4.00
3.75
3.50
600
3.25
500
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
3.00
-40
o
AP1694A
Document number: DS37094 Rev. 1 - 2
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
o
Ambient Temperature ( C)
Ambient Temperature ( C)
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Performance Characteristics (Cont.)
FB Leakage Current vs. Ambient Temperature
Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage
2.25
1200
1000
Supply Current (A)
FB Leakage Current (A)
PRODUCT
NEW PRODUCT
NEW
2.00
1.75
1.50
1.25
1.00
-40
800
600
400
200
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
0
120
Ambient Temperature ( C)
AP1694A
Document number: DS37094 Rev. 1 - 2
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
Supply Voltage (V)
o
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Application Information Based on Buck Structure
The AP1694A uses constant on time control method within one AC cycle to achieve the high power factor. When the dimmer is connected to the
driver, although a part of input voltage is cut off by the dimmer, the system still operates as constant on time mode, in this way good dimmer
compatibility can be realized.
L1
RF
L
BD1
PRODUCT
NEW PRODUCT
NEW
R9
R3
R2
C1
F1
N
TVS1
+
D2
C4
OUT
Q2
C2
T1
D1
Z1
R4
C3
R5
VCC
R1
FB
Q1
RI
OUT
SGND
GND
R6
CS
R7
R8
U1 AP1694A
Figure 1. Typical Buck Application Circuit
When the dimmer is connected, and the conduction angle of the dimmer is
can be got as below:
   , according to the control principle of the IC, the output current
 1 Vcs _ ref
 sin( ) if(  )
1
 
I o ( , )   I pk ( ,  )   2 R8
2
0
else

In consider of the dead zone of the buck structure, the output current DC value can be calculated as below:
I o _ mean  k 
1


0
I o ( , )d
Where,
Vcs _ ref


is the reference of the current sense, and the typical value is 1V.
is the cut off angle of dimmer.
is the phase of the input voltage.
k is the current modification coefficient , and the value is approximate to be 0.7.
When no dimmer is connected with the driver ( 
I o _ mean  k 
 0 ), the output current DC value can be got as:
1 Vcs_ref

 R8
AP1694A
Document number: DS37094 Rev. 1 - 2
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AP1694A
Application Information Based on Buck Structure (Cont.)
Design Parameters
Setting the Current Sense Resistor R8
According to the equation of the output current, the current sense resistor R8 is determined:
PRODUCT
NEW PRODUCT
NEW
R8  k 
Vcs _ ref
  I o _ mean
Transformer Selection
The typical non-isolated buck circuit in Figure 1 is usually selected, and the system is operating at boundary conduction mode. The switching
frequency at the crest is set as fmin, the inductance can be calculated as below:
L
( 2 Vin _ rms  Vo )  R8 Vo
Vcs _ ref  2 Vin _ rms  f min
Where,
Vo
is the output voltage.
Vin _ rms
is the RMS value of the input voltage.
According to Ferrari's law of electromagnetic induction, the winding turns number of the buck inductance N L is:
NL 
L  i pk
Ae  Bm

L Vcs _ ref
Ae  Bm  R8
Where,
Ae is the core effective area.
Bm is the maximum magnetic flux density.
The auxiliary winding is power supply for VCC, the winding turns number Naux is:
N aux  N L 
Vcc
Vo  Vd
Where,
VCC is the power supply voltage for IC from auxiliary winding.
Vd is the voltage drop of the freewheel diode.
Setting the Initial On Time
As the AP1694A adopts constant on time control method, the AP1694A will generate an initial on time to start a working cycle. If the initial on time
is longer than the rated on time, overshoot will happen. The initial on time is determined by resister R1 shown in Figure 1.
According to initial on time generation mechanism, the ton_initial is:
ton _ initial  80  R11012 s
To guarantee the system with no overshoot phenomenon, the resistor R1 is selected:
R1 
1.25  L
1010 
R8  2U in _ rms _ max
AP1694A
Document number: DS37094 Rev. 1 - 2
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AP1694A
Application Information Based on Buck Structure (Cont.)
In dimmable application, on the condition of the acceptable line regulation, the smaller R1 is selected will be better for dimming performance.
Valley On Control Method
The valley on function can provide low turn-on switching losses for buck converter. The voltage across the power switch is reflected by the
auxiliary winding of the buck transformer. The voltage is sensed by FB pin.
PRODUCT
NEW PRODUCT
NEW
FB
0.1V
Valley
1µs
Figure 2.Valley On Control
According to Figure 2, when the falling edge of 0.1V is sensed by FB pin, the AP1694A will see the toff time is over and delay 1µs to start a new
operating cycle. By this way we can realize valley on function.
Passive Damping and Bleeder Design
The passive bleeder is designed to supply latching and holding current to eliminate misfire and flicker.
L
RF
Passive
Bleeding
L1
Damping
DB1
R9
C1
N
F1
C2
Figure 3. LED Driver Schematic with Passive Bleeder
A passive bleeder is composed of a resister (R9) and a capacitor (C2). C1 is input filter capacitor and RF is damper resistor.
The passive bleeder includes a capacitor (C2, hundreds of nF) to provide latching current. To remove the voltage and current spike, a resistor (R9)
is necessary to dampen the spike.
In dimmable application, because a large C2 will affect the PF, THD and efficiency, the value of the capacitor (C2) should be selected suitable.
Generally, 100nF/400V to 330nF/400V is recommended.
RF is the damper for reducing the spike current caused by quick charging of C2 at firing. RF is selected from 20Ω to 100Ω for low line application,
and 51Ω to 200Ω for high line application. If R9 is too small, R9 can’t fully dampen the spike current and ringing current will occur. The ringing
current will cause the TRIAC misfire which will cause LED flicking. Another consideration in R9 selection is power loss, too large R9 will make
more power dissipation. Generally, a 200Ω to 2KΩ resistor is selected for R9.
AP1694A
Document number: DS37094 Rev. 1 - 2
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AP1694A
Application Information Based on Buck Structure (Cont.)
Fault Protection
Over Voltage Protection and Output Open Protection
VCC
PRODUCT
NEW PRODUCT
NEW
RFB1
FB
RFB2
AP1694A
Figure 4. OVP Circuit
The output voltage is sensed by the auxiliary winding voltage of the Buck transformer, the VCC pin and FB pin provide over voltage protection
function. When the output is open or large transient happens, the output voltage will exceed the rated value. When the voltage of Vcc cap exceeds
VCC_OVP or VFB_CV, the over voltage is triggered and the IC will discharge VCC. When the VCC is below the UVLO threshold voltage, IC will start a
new work cycle and the Vcc cap is charged again by start resistance. If the over voltage condition still exists, the system will work in hiccup mode.
Attention: If the external fast startup circuit is adding in the application and the over voltage protection and output open protection happen, the IC
will trigger latch.
Output Short Protection
When the output is shorted, the output voltage will be clamped at 0. At this condition, VCC will drop down without auxiliary winding for power supply.
And the VCC will drop to UVLO threshold voltage, the IC will shut down and restart a new operating cycle, and the V CC is charged by startup
resistance. When VCC is higher than Vcc_start voltage, IC will output a bunch of pulse to control power switch on and off. When still no FB signal
detected the device will not output more pulse. So the VCC will drop to VCC UVLO threshold again. If output short condition still exists, the system
will operate in hiccup mode.
Attention: If the external fast startup circuit is adding in the application, the device will not work at UVLO mode, and the device will work at
minimum toff mode.
Over Temperature Protection
AP1694A has two kinds of over temperature protection processes. First, the system is operating normally, the ambient temperature is changed to
+170°C suddenly, the IC will trigger over temperature protection which leads to a latch work mode. Second, if the system starts when the ambient
temperature is higher than +150°C, over temperature protection will be triggered. So the AP1694A can startup successfully when the ambient
temperature is less than +150°C.
Components Selection Guide
If the system’s spec is changed, please refer to the design sheet of the AP1694A and select the compatible system parameter. When the system
needs to be adjusted slightly, please refer to the table below and adjust the value of the related component.
Item
Description
Related Components
Output current
R8
Small current ripple is good for LED life
C4
ton_initial
System initial on time, used to startup the system
R1
Output Open Voltage
Setting the output voltage when the LED is open
R5, R6
Dimming Performance
Improve the dimming performance
IO
Output Current Ripple
EMI
Line Compensation
AP1694A
Document number: DS37094 Rev. 1 - 2
Pass EN 55022 class B with 6DB margin
To get a good line regulation
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R1, RF, R9, C2, C4
L1, C1
R7
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AP1694A
Ordering Information
AP1694A X XX – G1
PRODUCT
NEW PRODUCT
NEW
Product Name
Package
Packing
RoHS/Green
M : SO-8
TR : Tape & Reel
G1 : Green
Diodes IC’s Pb-free products with "G1" suffix in the part number, are RoHS compliant and green.
Package
Temperature Range
SO-8
-40°C to +105°C
Part Number
AP1694AMTR-G1
Marking ID
1694AM-G1
Packing
4000/13’’Tape & Reel
Marking Information
(Top View)
1694A
M-G1
YWWAXX
AP1694A
Document number: DS37094 Rev. 1 - 2
First and Second Lines: Logo and Marking ID
Third Line: Date Code
Y: Year
WW: Work Week of Molding
A: Assembly House Code
th
th
XX: 7 and 8 Digits of Batch No.
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AP1694A
Package Outline Dimensions (All dimensions in mm (inch).)
(1)
Package Type: SO-8
4.700(0.185)
5.100(0. 201)
7°
~ 9°
0.320(0. 013)
TYP
1.350(0. 053)
1.750(0. 069)
PRODUCT
NEW PRODUCT
NEW
8°
8°
~ 9°
7°
0.600(0. 024)
0.725(0. 029)
D
5.800(0. 228)
6.200(0. 244)
1.270(0. 050)
TYP
D
20:1
0.300(0. 012)
R0.150(0.006)
0.100(0. 004)
1.000(0. 039)
TYP
3.800(0. 150)
Option 1
4.000(0. 157)
0.300(0. 012)
0.150(0. 006)
0.250(0. 010)
Option 1
0°
8°
1°
7°
0.510(0. 020)
R0.150(0.006)
0.450(0. 017)
0.820(0. 032)
Option 2
0.350(0. 014)
TYP
Note: Eject hole , oriented hole and mold mark is optional .
AP1694A
Document number: DS37094 Rev. 1 - 2
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Suggested Pad Layout
(1) Package Type: SO-8
PRODUCT
NEW PRODUCT
NEW
Grid
placement
courtyard
G
Z
Y
E
X
Dimensions
Z
(mm)/(inch)
G
(mm)/(inch)
X
(mm)/(inch)
Y
(mm)/(inch)
E
(mm)/(inch)
Value
6.900/0.272
3.900/0.154
0.650/0.026
1.500/0.059
1.270/0.050
AP1694A
Document number: DS37094 Rev. 1 - 2
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IMPORTANT NOTICE
PRODUCT
NEW PRODUCT
NEW
DIODES INCORPORATED MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH REGARDS TO THIS DOCUMENT,
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
(AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY JURISDICTION).
Diodes Incorporated and its subsidiaries reserve the right to make modifications, enhancements, improvements, corrections or other changes
without further notice to this document and any product described herein. Diodes Incorporated does not assume any liability arising out of the
application or use of this document or any product described herein; neither does Diodes Incorporated convey any license under its patent or
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all risks of such use and will agree to hold Diodes Incorporated and all the companies whose products are represented on Diodes Incorporated
website, harmless against all damages.
Diodes Incorporated does not warrant or accept any liability whatsoever in respect of any products purchased through unauthorized sales channel.
Should Customers purchase or use Diodes Incorporated products for any unintended or unauthorized application, Customers shall indemnify and
hold Diodes Incorporated and its representatives harmless against all claims, damages, expenses, and attorney fees arising out of, directly or
indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized application.
Products described herein may be covered by one or more United States, international or foreign patents pending. Product names and markings
noted herein may also be covered by one or more United States, international or foreign trademarks.
This document is written in English but may be translated into multiple languages for reference. Only the English version of this document is the
final and determinative format released by Diodes Incorporated.
LIFE SUPPORT
Diodes Incorporated products are specifically not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express
written approval of the Chief Executive Officer of Diodes Incorporated. As used herein:
A. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which:
1. are intended to implant into the body, or
2. support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the
labeling can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user.
B. A critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the
failure of the life support device or to affect its safety or effectiveness.
Customers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their life support devices or systems, and
acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety-related requirements concerning their products and any
use of Diodes Incorporated products in such safety-critical, life support devices or systems, notwithstanding any devices- or systems-related
information or support that may be provided by Diodes Incorporated. Further, Customers must fully indemnify Diodes Incorporated and its
representatives against any damages arising out of the use of Diodes Incorporated products in such safety-critical, life support devices or systems.
Copyright © 2014, Diodes Incorporated
www.diodes.com
AP1694A
Document number: DS37094 Rev. 1 - 2
15 of 15
www.diodes.com
May 2014
© Diodes Incorporated
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