Intersil ISL6611AIRZ Phase doubler with integrated drivers and phase shedding function Datasheet

ISL6611A
®
Data Sheet
August 28, 2012
Phase Doubler with Integrated Drivers
and Phase Shedding Function
The ISL6611A utilizes Intersil’s proprietary Phase Doubler
scheme to modulate two-phase power trains with single
PWM input. It doubles the number of phases that Intersil’s
ISL63xx multiphase controllers can support. At the same
time, the PWM line can be pulled high to disable the
corresponding phase or higher phase(s) when the enable
pin (EN_PH) is pulled low. This simplifies the phase
shedding implementation. For layout simplicity and
improving system performance, the device integrates two 5V
drivers (ISL6609) and current balance function.
The ISL6611A is designed to minimize the number of analog
signals interfacing between the controller and drivers in high
phase count and scalable applications. The common COMP
signal, which is usually seen with conventional cascaded
configuration, is not required; this improves noise immunity
and simplifies the layout. Furthermore, the ISL6611A
provides low part count and a low cost advantage over the
conventional cascaded technique.
The IC is biased by a single low voltage supply (5V),
minimizing driver switching losses in high MOSFET gate
capacitance and high switching frequency applications.
Bootstrapping of the upper gate driver is implemented via an
internal low forward drop diode, reducing implementation
cost, complexity, and allowing the use of higher
performance, cost effective N-Channel MOSFETs. Adaptive
shoot-through protection is integrated to prevent both
MOSFETs from conducting simultaneously.
The ISL6611A features 4A typical sink current for the lower
gate driver, enhancing the lower MOSFET gate hold-down
capability during PHASE node rising edge, preventing power
loss caused by the self turn-on of the lower MOSFET due to
the high dV/dt of the switching node.
The ISL6611A also features an input that recognizes a
high-impedance state, working together with Intersil
multiphase PWM controllers to prevent negative transients
on the controlled output voltage when operation is
suspended. This feature eliminates the need for the Schottky
diode that may be utilized in a power system to protect the
load from negative output voltage damage.
FN6881.1
Features
• Proprietary Phase Doubler Scheme with Phase Shedding
Function (Patent Pending)
- Enhanced Light to Full Load Efficiency
• Patented Current Balancing with rDS(ON) Current Sensing
and Adjustable Gain
• Quad MOSFET Drives for Two Synchronous Rectified
Bridge with Single PWM Input
• Channel Synchronization and Interleaving Options
• Adaptive Zero Shoot-Through Protection
• 0.4Ω On-Resistance and 4A Sink Current Capability
• 36V Internal Bootstrap Schottky Diode
• Bootstrap Capacitor Overcharging Prevention (ISL6611A)
• Supports High Switching Frequency (Up to 1MHz)
- Fast Output Rise and Fall
• Tri-State PWM Input for Output Stage Shutdown
• Phase Enable Input and PWM Forced High Output to
Interface with Intersil’s Controller for Phase Shedding
• QFN Package
- Compliant to JEDEC PUB95 MO-220 QFN-Quad Flat
No Leads-Product Outline
- Near Chip-Scale Package Footprint; Improves PCB
Utilization, Thinner Profile
- Pb-Free (RoHS Compliant)
Applications
• High Current Low Voltage DC/DC Converters
• High Frequency and High Efficiency VRM and VRD
• High Phase Count and Phase Shedding Applications
Related Literature
• Technical Brief TB363 “Guidelines for Handling and
Processing Moisture Sensitive Surface Mount Devices
(SMDs)”
In addition, the ISL6611A’s bootstrap function is designed to
prevent the BOOT capacitor from overcharging, should
excessively large negative swings occur at the transitions of
the PHASE node.
1
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc.
Copyright Intersil Americas Inc. 2009, 2012. All Rights Reserved
All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
ISL6611A
Ordering Information
PART
NUMBER
(Notes 1, 2, 3)
TEMP.
RANGE
(°C)
PART
MARKING
PACKAGE
(Pb-Free)
PKG.
DWG. #
ISL6611ACRZ
66 11ACRZ
0 to +70
16 Ld 4x4 QFN
L16.4x4
ISL6611AIRZ*
66 11AIRZ
-40 to +85
16 Ld 4x4 QFN
L16.4x4
NOTES:
1. Add “-T” suffix for tape and reel. Please refer to TB347 for details on reel specifications.
2. These Intersil Pb-free plastic packaged products employ special Pb-free material sets, molding compounds/die attach materials, and 100% matte
tin plate plus anneal (e3 termination finish, which is RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations). Intersil Pbfree products are MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.
3. For Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL), please see device information page for ISL6611A. For more information on MSL please see techbrief
TB363.
Pinout
SYNC
PWM1
VCC
PHASEA
ISL6611A
(16 LD QFN)
TOP VIEW
16
15
14
13
GND 1
12 UGATEA
LGATEA 2
11 BOOTA
17
GND
PVCC 3
10 BOOTB
2
5
6
7
8
LGATEB
EN_PH
PHASEB
9
PGND
IGAIN 4
UGATEB
FN6881.1
August 28, 2012
ISL6611A
Block Diagram
RBOOT
PVCC
VCC
BOOTA
UGATEA
4.9k
SHOOTTHROUGH
PROTECTION
PHASEA
CHANNEL A
PVCC
PWM
LGATEA
4.6k
PGND
CONTROL
LOGIC
PVCC
EN_PH
BOOTB
UGATEB
SYNC
IGAIN
PGND
RBOOT
SHOOTTHROUGH
PROTECTION
CURRENT
BALANCE BLOCK
PHASEB
CHANNEL B
PVCC
PHASEA
LGATEB
PHASEB
PGND
GND
PAD
MUST BE SOLDERED TO THE CIRCUIT’S GROUND
INTEGRATED 3Ω RESISTOR (RBOOT) IN ISL6611A
3
FN6881.1
August 28, 2012
ISL6611A
Functional Pin Descriptions
PACKAGE
PIN #
PIN
SYMBOL
1
GND
2
LGATEA
3
PVCC
This pin supplies power to both the lower and higher gate drives. Place a high quality low ESR ceramic capacitor from
this pin to PGND.
4
IGAIN
A resistor from this pin to GND sets the current balance gain. See “Current Balance and Maximum Frequency” on
page 11 for more details.
5
PGND
Power ground return of both low gate drivers. It is also the return of the phase node clamp circuits.
6
LGATEB
Lower gate drive output of Channel B. Connect to gate of the low-side power N-Channel MOSFET.
7
EN_PH
Driver Enable Input. A signal high input enables the driver at the PWM rising edge, a signal low input pulls PWM pin to
VCC at the PWM falling edge and then enters tri-state.
FUNCTION
Bias and reference ground. All signals are referenced to this node. It is also the return of the sample and hold of the
rDS(ON) current sensing circuits. Place a high quality low ESR ceramic capacitor from this pin to VCC.
Lower gate drive output of Channel A. Connect to gate of the low-side power N-Channel MOSFET.
8
PHASEB Connect this pin to the SOURCE of the upper MOSFET and the DRAIN of the lower MOSFET in Channel B. This pin
provides a return path for the upper gate drive.
9
UGATEB Upper gate drive output of Channel B. Connect to gate of high-side power N-Channel MOSFET.
10
BOOTB
Floating bootstrap supply pin for the upper gate drive of Channel B. Connect the bootstrap capacitor between this pin
and the PHASEB pin. The bootstrap capacitor provides the charge to turn on the upper MOSFET. See“Bootstrap
Considerations” on page 9 for guidance in choosing the capacitor value.
11
BOOTA
Floating bootstrap supply pin for the upper gate drive of Channel A. Connect the bootstrap capacitor between this pin
and the PHASEA pin. The bootstrap capacitor provides the charge to turn on the upper MOSFET. See “Bootstrap
Considerations” on page 9 for guidance in choosing the capacitor value.
12
UGATEA Upper gate drive output of Channel A. Connect to gate of high-side power N-Channel MOSFET.
13
PHASEA Connect this pin to the SOURCE of the upper MOSFET and the DRAIN of the lower MOSFET in Channel A. This pin
provides a return path for the upper gate drive.
14
VCC
Connect this pin to a +5V bias supply. It supplies power to internal analog circuits. Place a high quality low ESR ceramic
capacitor from this pin to GND.
15
PWM
The PWM input signal triggers the J-K flip flop and alternates its input to channel A and B. Both channels are effectively
modulated. The PWM signal can enter three distinct states during operation, see “Tri-State PWM Input” on page 9 for
further details. Connect this pin to the PWM output of the controller. The pin is pulled to VCC when EN_PH is low and
the PWM input starts transitioning low.
16
SYNC
A signal high synchronizes both channels with no phase shifted. A signal low interleaves both channels with 180°
out-of-phase.
17
PAD
Connect this pad to the power ground plane (GND) via thermally enhanced connection.
4
FN6881.1
August 28, 2012
ISL6611A
Typical Application I (2-Phase Controller for 4-Phase Operation)
+5V
+5V
SYNC
VCC AND PVCC
EN_PH
COMP
FB
+5V
BOOTA
+12V
UGATEA
PHASEA
SYNC
LGATEA
VSEN
+VCORE
ISL6611A
PWM1
VCC
BOOTB
PWM
+12V
UGATEB
PHASEB
VR_RDY
EN
LGATEB
MAIN
CONTROL
IGAIN
ISL63xx
GND AND PGND
VID
ISEN1ISEN1+
+5V
EN_PH
FS
VCC AND PVCC
EN_PH
SYNC
BOOTA
+12V
UGATEA
PHASEA
LGATEA
ISL6611A
PWM2
PWM
BOOTB
+12V
UGATEB
PHASEB
LGATEB
IGAIN
GND AND PGND
ISEN2ISEN2+
GND
5
FN6881.1
August 28, 2012
ISL6611A
Typical Application II (4-Phase Controller to 8-Phase Operation)
+VCORE
+5V
SYNC
COMP
PWM1
FB
+5V
+5V
VCC & PVCC
EN_PH
SYNC
BOOTA
PWM
BOOTB
ISL6611A
VSEN
+12V
UGATEA
PHASEA
LGATEA
+12V
UGATEB
PHASEB
LGATEB
IGAIN
VCC
GND & PGND
ISEN1-
VR_RDY
ISEN1+
EN
+5V
EN_PH2
MAIN
CONTROL
ISL63xx
VID
PWM2
VCC & PVCC
EN_PH
SYNC
BOOTA
PWM
BOOTB
ISL6611A
+12V
UGATEA
PHASEA
LGATEA
+12V
UGATEB
PHASEB
LGATEB
IGAIN
GND & PGND
FS
ISEN2ISEN2+
+5V
EN_PH3
VCC & PVCC
EN_PH
SYNC
PWM3
BOOTA
BOOTB
PWM
ISL6611A
+12V
UGATEA
PHASEA
LGATEA
+12V
UGATEB
PHASEB
LGATEB
IGAIN
GND & PGND
ISEN3ISEN3+
+5V
EN_PH4
PWM4
VCC & PVCC
EN_PH
SYNC
BOOTA
PWM
BOOTB
ISL6611A
+12V
UGATEA
PHASEA
LGATEA
+12V
UGATEB
PHASEB
LGATEB
IGAIN
GND & PGND
ISEN4GND
6
ISEN4+
FN6881.1
August 28, 2012
ISL6611A
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Thermal Information
Supply Voltage (PVCC, VCC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to 6.7V
Input Voltage (VEN_PH, VPWM, VSYNC) . . . . . -0.3V to VCC + 0.3V
BOOT Voltage (VBOOT-GND). . . -0.3V to 27V (DC) or 36V (<200ns)
BOOT To PHASE Voltage (VBOOT-PHASE) . . . . . . -0.3V to 7V (DC)
-0.3V to 9V (<10ns)
PHASE Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GND - 0.3V to 27V (DC)
GND -8V (<20ns Pulse Width, 10µJ) to 30V (<100ns)
UGATE Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VPHASE - 0.3V (DC) to VBOOT
VPHASE - 5V (<20ns Pulse Width, 10µJ) to VBOOT
LGATE Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GND - 0.3V (DC) to VCC + 0.3V
GND - 2.5V (<20ns Pulse Width, 5µJ) to VCC + 0.3V
Thermal Resistance (Typical)
θJA(°C/W)
θJC(°C/W)
QFN Package (Notes 4, 5) . . . . . . . .
44
7
Ambient Temperature Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to +125°C
Maximum Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +150°C
Maximum Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . .-65°C to +150°C
Pb-Free Reflow Profile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see link below
http://www.intersil.com/pbfree/Pb-FreeReflow.asp
Recommended Operating Conditions
Ambient Temperature
ISL6611ACRZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0°C to +70°C
ISL6611AIRZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to +85°C
Maximum Operating Junction Temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . +125°C
Supply Voltage, VCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5V ±10%
CAUTION: Do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. Exposure to such conditions may adversely impact product reliability and
result in failures not covered by warranty
NOTES:
4. θJA is measured in free air with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board with “direct attach” features. See
Tech Brief TB379.
5. For θJC, the “case temp” location is the center of the exposed metal pad on the package underside.
Electrical Specifications
These specifications apply for recommended ambient temperature, unless otherwise noted. Parameters with
MIN and/or MAX limits are 100% tested at +25°C, unless otherwise specified. Temperature limits established
by characterization and are not production tested.
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
PWM pin floating, VVCC = VPVCC = 5V,
EN_PH = 5V
-
1.25
-
mA
PWM pin floating, VVCC = VPVCC = 5V,
EN_PH = 0V
-
1.20
-
mA
FPWM = 600kHz, VVCC = VPVCC = 5V,
EN_PH = 5V; SYNC = 0V
-
2.20
-
mA
FPWM = 300kHz, VVCC = VPVCC = 5V,
EN_PH = 5V; SYNC = 5V
-
2.50
-
mA
Forward bias current = 2mA
TA = 0°C to +70°C
0.30
0.60
0.70
V
Forward bias current = 2mA
TA = -40°C to +85°C
0.30
0.60
0.75
V
POR Rising
-
3.4
4.2
V
POR Falling
2.5
3.0
-
V
-
400
-
mV
EN_PH Minimum LOW Threshold
-
-
0.8
V
EN_PH Maximum HIGH Threshold
2.0
-
-
V
SYNC Minimum LOW Threshold
-
-
0.8
V
SYNC Maximum HIGH Threshold
2.0
-
-
V
SUPPLY CURRENT (Note 6)
Bias Supply Current
IVCC+PVCC
BOOTSTRAP DIODE
Forward Voltage
VF
POWER-ON RESET
Hysteresis
EN_PH INPUT
SYNC INPUT
7
FN6881.1
August 28, 2012
ISL6611A
Electrical Specifications
These specifications apply for recommended ambient temperature, unless otherwise noted. Parameters with
MIN and/or MAX limits are 100% tested at +25°C, unless otherwise specified. Temperature limits established
by characterization and are not production tested. (Continued)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
Minimum SYNC Pulse
-
-
40
ns
Synchronization Delay
-
50
-
ns
Interleaving Mode Phase Shift
SYNC = 5V, PWM = 300kHz, 10% Width
-
180
-
°
Synchronization Mode Phase Shift
SYNC = 0V, PWM = 300kHz, 10% Width
-
0
-
°
PWM INPUT
Sinking Impedance
RPWM_SNK
-
8.5
-
kΩ
Source Impedance
RPWM_SRC
-
10
-
kΩ
Tri-State Rising Threshold
VVCC = VPVCC = 5V (250mV Hysteresis)
1.00
1.20
1.40
V
Tri-State Falling Threshold
VVCC = VPVCC = 5V (300mV Hysteresis)
3.10
3.40
3.70
V
PWM Pulled High Threshold
EN_PH = LOW, Ramping PWM low
-
3.4
-
V
SWITCHING TIME (Note 6, See Figure 1 on Page 9)
UGATE Rise Time
tRU
3nF Load
-
8.0
-
ns
LGATE Rise Time
tRL
3nF Load
-
8.0
-
ns
UGATE Fall Time
tFU
3nF Load
-
8.0
-
ns
LGATE Fall Time
tFL
3nF Load
-
4.0
-
ns
UGATE Turn-Off Propagation Delay
tPDLU
Unloaded, Excluding Balance Extension
-
40
-
ns
LGATE Turn-Off Propagation Delay
tPDLL
Unloaded, Excluding Balance Extension
-
40
-
ns
UGATE Turn-On Propagation Delay
tPDHU
Outputs Unloaded
-
25
-
ns
LGATE Turn-On Propagation Delay
tPDHL
Outputs Unloaded
-
20
-
ns
tPTS
Outputs Unloaded
-
25
-
ns
Excluding Propagation Delay (tPDLU, tPDLL)
-
25
-
ns
Tri-state to UG/LG Rising Propagation Delay
Tri-State Shutdown Holdoff Time
tTSSHD
OUTPUT (Note 6)
Upper Drive Source Resistance
RUG_SRC
50mA Source Current
-
1.0
-
Ω
Upper Drive Sink Resistance
RUG_SNK
50mA Sink Current
-
1.0
-
Ω
Lower Drive Source Resistance
RLG_SRC
50mA Source Current
-
1.0
-
Ω
Lower Drive Sink Resistance
RLG_SNK
50mA Sink Current
-
0.4
-
Ω
NOTE:
6. Limits established by characterization and are not production tested.
8
FN6881.1
August 28, 2012
ISL6611A
Timing Diagram
2.5V
PWM
tPDHU
tPDLU
tTSSHD
tRU
tRU
tFU
tPTS
1V
UGATE
LGATE
tPTS
1V
tRL
tTSSHD
tPDHL
tPDLL
tFL
FIGURE 1. TIMING DIAGRAM
Operation and Adaptive Shoot-Through Protection
Designed for high speed switching, the ISL6611A MOSFET
driver controls two-phase power trains’ high-side and low-side
N-Channel FETs from one externally provided PWM signal.
A rising transition on PWM initiates the turn-off of the lower
MOSFET (see Figure 1). After a short propagation delay
[tPDLL], the lower gate begins to fall. Typical fall times [tFL]
are provided in the “Electrical Specifications” on page 8.
Adaptive shoot-through circuitry monitors the LGATE voltage
and turns on the upper gate following a short delay time
[tPDHU] after the LGATE voltage drops below ~1V. The
upper gate drive then begins to rise [tRU] and the upper
MOSFET turns on.
A falling transition on PWM indicates the turn-off of the upper
MOSFET and the turn-on of the lower MOSFET. The upper
gate begins to fall [tFU] after a propagation delay [tPDLU],
which is modulated by the current balance circuits. The
adaptive shoot-through circuitry monitors the UGATE-PHASE
voltage and turns on the lower MOSFET a short delay time,
tPDHL, after the upper MOSFET’s gate voltage drops below
1V. The lower gate then rises [tRL], turning on the lower
MOSFET. These methods prevent both the lower and upper
MOSFETs from conducting simultaneously (shoot-through),
while adapting the dead time to the gate charge
characteristics of the MOSFETs being used.
This driver is optimized for voltage regulators with large step
down ratio. The lower MOSFET is usually sized larger
compared to the upper MOSFET because the lower
MOSFET conducts for a longer time during a switching
period. The lower gate driver is therefore sized much larger
to meet this application requirement. The 0.4Ω
9
ON-resistance and 4A sink current capability enable the
lower gate driver to absorb the current injected into the lower
gate through the drain-to-gate capacitor (CGD) of the lower
MOSFET and help prevent shoot through caused by the self
turn-on of the lower MOSFET due to high dV/dt of the
switching node.
Tri-State PWM Input
A unique feature of the ISL6611A is the adaptable tri-state
PWM input. Once the PWM signal enters the shutdown
window, either MOSFET previously conducting is turned off.
If the PWM signal remains within the shutdown window for
longer than 25ns of the previously conducting MOSFET, the
output drivers are disabled and both MOSFET gates are
pulled and held low. The shutdown state is removed when
the PWM signal moves outside the shutdown window. The
PWM Tri-state rising and falling thresholds outlined in the
“Electrical Specifications” on page 8 determine when the
lower and upper gates are enabled. During normal operation
in a typical application, the PWM rise and fall times through
the shutdown window should not exceed either output’s
turn-off propagation delay plus the MOSFET gate discharge
time to ~1V. Abnormally long PWM signal transition times
through the shutdown window will simply introduce
additional dead time between turn off and turn on of the
synchronous bridge’s MOSFETs. For optimal performance,
no more than 100pF parasitic capacitive load should be
present on the PWM line of ISL6611A (assuming an Intersil
PWM controller is used).
Bootstrap Considerations
This driver features an internal bootstrap diode. Simply
adding an external capacitor across the BOOT and PHASE
FN6881.1
August 28, 2012
ISL6611A
pins completes the bootstrap circuit. The ISL6611A’s internal
bootstrap resistor is designed to reduce the overcharging of
the bootstrap capacitor when exposed to excessively large
negative voltage swing at the PHASE node. Typically, such
large negative excursions occur in high current applications
that use D2-PAK and D-PAK MOSFETs or excessive layout
parasitic inductance. Equation 1 helps select a proper
bootstrap capacitor size:
Q GATE
C BOOT_CAP ≥ -------------------------------------ΔV BOOT_CAP
(EQ. 1)
Q G1 • PVCC
Q GATE = ------------------------------------ • N Q1
V GS1
maximum recommended operating junction temperature of
+125°C. The maximum allowable IC power dissipation for
the 4x4 QFN package, with an exposed heat escape pad, is
around 2W. See “Layout Considerations” on page 12 for
thermal transfer improvement suggestions. When designing
the driver into an application, it is recommended that the
following calculation is used to ensure safe operation at the
desired frequency for the selected MOSFETs. The total gate
drive power losses due to the gate charge of MOSFETs and
the driver’s internal circuitry and their corresponding average
driver current can be estimated with Equations 2 and 3,
respectively,
P Qg_TOT = 2 • ( P Qg_Q1 + P Qg_Q2 ) + I Q • VCC
where QG1 is the amount of gate charge per upper MOSFET
at VGS1 gate-source voltage and NQ1 is the number of
control MOSFETs. The ΔVBOOT_CAP term is defined as the
allowable droop in the rail of the upper gate drive.
As an example, suppose two HAT2168 FETs are chosen as
the upper MOSFETs. The gate charge, QG, from the data
sheet is 12nC at 5V (VGS) gate-source voltage. Then the
QGATE is calculated to be 26.4nC at 5.5V PVCC level. We
will assume a 100mV droop in drive voltage over the PWM
cycle. We find that a bootstrap capacitance of at least
0.264µF is required. The next larger standard value
capacitance is 0.33µF. A good quality ceramic capacitor is
recommended.
2.0
1.8
1.6
(EQ. 2)
Q G1 • PVCC 2
P Qg_Q1 = --------------------------------------- • F SW • N Q1
V GS1
Q G2 • PVCC 2
P Qg_Q2 = --------------------------------------- • F SW • N Q2
V GS2
⎛ Q G1 • N Q1 Q G2 • N Q2⎞
I DR = 2 • ⎜ ------------------------------ + ------------------------------⎟ • F SW + I Q
V GS2 ⎠
⎝ V GS1
(EQ. 3)
where the gate charge (QG1 and QG2) is defined at a
particular gate to source voltage (VGS1and VGS2) in the
corresponding MOSFET datasheet; IQ is the driver’s total
quiescent current with no load at both drive outputs; NQ1
and NQ2 are number of upper and lower MOSFETs,
respectively. The factor 2 is the number of active channels.
The IQ VCC product is the quiescent power of the driver
without capacitive load.
CBOOT_CAP (µF)
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
QGATE = 100nC
0.4
50nC
0.2
20nC
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
ΔVBOOT (V)
FIGURE 2. BOOTSTRAP CAPACITANCE vs BOOT RIPPLE
VOLTAGE
Power Dissipation
Package power dissipation is mainly a function of the
switching frequency (FSW), the output drive impedance, the
external gate resistance, and the selected MOSFET’s
internal gate resistance and total gate charge. Calculating
the power dissipation in the driver for a desired application is
critical to ensure safe operation. Exceeding the maximum
allowable power dissipation level will push the IC beyond the
10
The total gate drive power losses are dissipated among the
resistive components along the transition path. The drive
resistance dissipates a portion of the total gate drive power
losses, the rest will be dissipated by the external gate
resistors (RG1 and RG2, should be a short to avoid
interfering with the operation shoot-through protection
circuitry) and the internal gate resistors (RGI1 and RGI2) of
MOSFETs. Figures 3 and 4 show the typical upper and lower
gate drives turn-on transition path. The power dissipation on
the driver can be roughly estimated as Equation 4:
P DR = 2 • ( P DR_UP + P DR_LOW ) + I Q • VCC
(EQ. 4)
R LO1
R HI1
⎛
⎞ P Qg_Q1
P DR_UP = ⎜ -------------------------------------- + ----------------------------------------⎟ • --------------------R
+
R
R
+
R
2
⎝ HI1
EXT1
LO1
EXT1⎠
R LO2
R HI2
⎛
⎞ P Qg_Q2
P DR_LOW = ⎜ -------------------------------------- + ----------------------------------------⎟ • --------------------2
⎝ R HI2 + R EXT2 R LO2 + R EXT2⎠
R GI1
R EXT2 = R G1 + ------------N
Q1
R GI2
R EXT2 = R G2 + ------------N
Q2
FN6881.1
August 28, 2012
ISL6611A
PVCC
this channel should remain ON to protect the system from an
overvoltage event even when the controller is disabled.
BOOT
D
SYNC Operation
CGD
RHI1
G
RLO1
UGATE
RG1
CDS
RGI1
CGS
Q1
S
PHASE
FIGURE 3. TYPICAL UPPER-GATE DRIVE TURN-ON PATH
PVCC
The ISL6611A can be set to interleaving mode or
synchronous mode by pulling the SYNC pin to GND or VCC,
respectively. A synchronous pulse can be sent to the phase
doubler during the load application to improve the voltage
droop and current balance while it still can maintain
interleaving operation at DC load conditions. However, an
excessive ringback can occur; hence, the synchronous
mode operation could have drawbacks. Figure 6 shows how
to generate a synchronous pulse only when an transient
load is applied. The comparator should be a fast comparator
with a minimum delay.
D
49.9kΩ
CGD
RHI2
LGATE
RLO2
+
CDS
RGI2
CGS
-
2kΩ
Q2
S
GND
1kΩ
20kΩ
G
RG2
VCC
SYNC
0Ω
DNP
1.0 nF
COMP
FIGURE 6. TYPICAL SYNC PULSE GENERATOR
FIGURE 4. TYPICAL LOWER-GATE DRIVE TURN-ON PATH
Current Balance and Maximum Frequency
The ISL6611A utilizes rDS(ON) sensing technique to balance
both channels, while the sample and hold circuits refer to
GND pin. The phase current sensing resistors are
integrated, while the current gain can be scaled by the
impedance on the IGAIN pin, as shown in Table 1. In most
applications, the default option should just work fine.
EN_PH Operation
EN_PH
PWM
TABLE 1. CURRENT GAIN SELECTION
UGATE
LGATE
FIGURE 5. TYPICAL EN_PH OPERATION TIMING DIAGRAM
The ISL6611A disables the phase doubler operation when the
EN_PH pin is pulled to ground and after it sees the PWM
falling edge. The PWM pin is pulled to VCC at the PWM falling
edge. With the PWM line pulled high, the controller will disable
the corresponding phase and the higher number phases.
When the EN_PH is pulled high, the phase doubler will pull
the PWM line to tri-state and then will be enabled at the
leading edge of PWM input. Prior to a leading edge of PWM, if
the PWM is low, both LGATEA and LGATEB remain in
tri-state unless the corresponding phase node (PHASEA,
PHASEB) is higher than 80% of VCC. This provides additional
protection if the doubler is enabled while the high-side
MOSFET is shorted. However, this feature limits the
pre-charged output voltage to less than 80% of VCC. Note
that the first doubler should always tie its EN_PH pin high
since Intersil controllers do not allow PWM1 pulled high and
11
IMPEDANCE TO GND
CURRENT GAIN
OPEN
DEFAULT
0Ω
DEFAULT/2
49.9kΩ
DEFAULT/5
In addition to balancing the effective UGATE pulse width of
phase A and phase B via standard rDS(ON) current sensing
technique, a fast path is also added to swap both channels’
firing order when one phase carries much higher current
than the other phase. This improves the current balance
between phase A and phase B during high frequency load
transient events.
Each phase starts to sample current 200ns (tBLANK) after
LGATE falls and lasts for 400ns (tSAMP) or ends at the rising
edge of PWM if the available sampling time (tAVSAMP) is
< 400ns. The available sampling time (tAVSAMP) depends
upon the blanking time (tBLANK), the duty cycle (D), the
rising and falling time of low-side gate drive (tLR, tLF), the
total propagation delay (tPD = tPDLL + tPDLU), and the
switching frequency (FSW). As the switching frequency and
the duty cycle increase, the available sampling time could be
FN6881.1
August 28, 2012
ISL6611A
< 400ns. For a good current balance, it is recommended to
keep at least 200ns sampling time, if not the full 400ns.
Equations 5 and 6 show the maximum frequency of each
channel in interleaving mode and synchronous mode,
respectively. Assume 80ns each for tPD, tLR, tLF and 200ns
each for tAVSAMP, tBLANK, the maximum channel frequency
can be set to no more than 500kHz at interleaving mode and
1MHz at synchronous mode, respectively, for an application
with a maximum duty cycle of 20%. The maximum duty cycle
occurs at the maximum output voltage (overvoltage trip level
as needed) and at the minimum input voltage (undervoltage
trip level as needed). The efficiency of the voltage regulator
is also a factor in the theoretical approximation. Figure 7
shows the relationship between the maximum channel
frequency and the maximum duty cycle in the previous
assumed conditions.
For interleaving mode (SYNC = “0”),
Application Information
MOSFET and Driver Selection
The parasitic inductances of the PCB and of the power
devices’ packaging (both upper and lower MOSFETs) can
cause serious ringing, exceeding absolute maximum rating
of the devices. The negative ringing at the edges of the
PHASE node could increase the bootstrap capacitor voltage
through the internal bootstrap diode, and in some cases, it
may overstress the upper MOSFET driver. Careful layout,
proper selection of MOSFETs and packaging, as well as the
proper driver can go a long way toward minimizing such
unwanted stress.
PVCC
BOOT
D
RHI1
1 – 2 ⋅ D ( MAX )
F SW ( MAX ) ≈ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------( t AVSAMP + t PD + t LR + t LF + t BLANK ) ⋅ 2
RLO1
G
Q1
UGATE
(EQ. 5)
VOUT ( MAX )
D ( MAX ) ≈ ------------------------------------VIN ( MIN ) ⋅ η
RPH = 1Ω TO 2Ω
FIGURE 8. PHASE RESISTOR TO MINIMIZE SERIOUS
NEGATIVE PHASE SPIKE IF NEEDED
For synchronous mode (SYNC = “1”),
1 – D ( MAX )
F SW ( MAX ) ≈ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------( t AVSAMP + t PD + t LR + t LF + t BLANK )
(EQ. 6)
10
FSW (MHz)
S
PHASE
The selection of D2-PAK, or D-PAK packaged MOSFETs, is
a much better match (for the reasons discussed) for the
ISL6611A with a phase resistor (RPH), as shown in Figure 8.
Low-profile MOSFETs, such as Direct FETs and multi-source
leads devices (SO-8, LFPAK, PowerPAK), have low parasitic
lead inductances and can be driven by ISL6611A (assuming
proper layout design) without the phase resistor (RPH).
Layout Considerations
SYNCHRONOUS
A good layout helps reduce the ringing on the switching
node (PHASE) and significantly lower the stress applied to
the output drives. The following advice is meant to lead to an
optimized layout and performance:
1
INTERLEAVING
0.1
0
20
40
60
DUTY CYCLE (%)
80
100
FIGURE 7. MAXIMUM CHANNEL SWITCHING FREQUENCY
vs MAXIMUM DUTY CYCLE IN ASSUMED
CONDITIONS
Note that the PWM controller should be set to 2 x FSW for
interleaving mode and the same switching frequency for the
synchronous mode.
12
• Keep decoupling loops (VCC-GND, PVCC-PGND and
BOOT-PHASE) short and wide, at least 25 mils. Avoid
using vias on decoupling components other than their
ground terminals, which should be on a copper plane with
at least two vias.
• Minimize trace inductance, especially on low-impedance
lines. All power traces (UGATE, PHASE, LGATE, PGND,
PVCC, VCC, GND) should be short and wide, at least
25 mils. Try to place power traces on a single layer,
otherwise, two vias on interconnection are preferred
where possible. For no connection (NC) pins on the QFN
FN6881.1
August 28, 2012
ISL6611A
• Minimize the inductance of the PHASE node. Ideally, the
source of the upper and the drain of the lower MOSFET
should be as close as thermally allowable.
• Minimize the current loop of the output and input power
trains. Short the source connection of the lower MOSFET
to ground as close to the transistor pin as feasible. Input
capacitors (especially ceramic decoupling) should be
placed as close to the drain of upper and source of lower
MOSFETs as possible.
• Avoid routing relatively high impedance nodes (such as
PWM and ENABLE lines) close to high dV/dt UGATE and
PHASE nodes.
In addition, connecting the thermal pad of the QFN package
to the power ground through multiple vias, or placing a low
noise copper plane (such as power ground) underneath the
SOIC part is recommended. This is to improve heat
dissipation and allow the part to achieve its full thermal
potential.
Upper MOSFET Self Turn-On Effects At Start-up
Should the driver have insufficient bias voltage applied, its
outputs are floating. If the input bus is energized at a high
dV/dt rate while the driver outputs are floating, due to the
self-coupling via the internal CGD of the MOSFET, the
UGATE could momentarily rise up to a level greater than the
threshold voltage of the MOSFET. This could potentially turn
on the upper switch and result in damaging in-rush energy.
Therefore, if such a situation (when input bus powered up
before the bias of the controller and driver is ready) could
conceivably be encountered, it is common practice to place
a resistor (RUGPH) across the gate and source of the upper
MOSFET to suppress the Miller coupling effect. The value of
the resistor depends mainly on the input voltage’s rate of
rise, the CGD/CGS ratio, as well as the gate-source
threshold of the upper MOSFET. A higher dV/dt, a lower
The coupling effect can be roughly estimated with the
equations in Equation 7, which assume a fixed linear input
ramp and neglect the clamping effect of the body diode of
the upper drive and the bootstrap capacitor. Other parasitic
components such as lead inductances and PCB
capacitances are also not taken into account. These
equations are provided for guidance purposes only. Thus,
the actual coupling effect should be examined using a very
high impedance (10MΩ or greater) probe to ensure a safe
design margin.
–V
DS -⎞
⎛
--------------------------------dV
⎜
------⋅
R
⋅C ⎟
dV
iss⎟
V GS_MILLER = ------- ⋅ R ⋅ C rss ⎜ 1 – e dt
⎜
⎟
dt
⎜
⎟
⎝
⎠
R = R UGPH + R GI
VCC
(EQ. 7)
C iss = C GD + C GS
C rss = C GD
VIN
BOOT
D
CBOOT
CGD
DU
DL
UGATE
RUGPH
• Shorten all gate drive loops (UGATE-PHASE and
LGATE-PGND) and route them closely spaced.
CDS/CGS ratio, and a lower gate-source threshold upper
FET will require a smaller resistor to diminish the effect of
the internal capacitive coupling. For most applications, the
integrated 20kΩ typically sufficient, not affecting normal
performance and efficiency.
ISL6611A
part, connect it to the adjacent net (LGATE2/PHASE2) can
reduce trace inductance.
G
CDS
RGI
CGS
QUPPER
S
PHASE
FIGURE 9. GATE TO SOURCE RESISTOR TO REDUCE
UPPER MOSFET MILLER COUPLING
All Intersil U.S. products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9000 quality systems.
Intersil Corporation’s quality certifications can be viewed at www.intersil.com/design/quality
Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications at any time without
notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result
from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries.
For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com
13
FN6881.1
August 28, 2012
ISL6611A
Package Outline Drawing
L16.4x4
16 LEAD QUAD FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE
Rev 6, 02/08
4X 1.95
4.00
12X 0.65
A
B
13
6
PIN 1
INDEX AREA
6
PIN #1 INDEX AREA
16
1
4.00
12
2 . 10 ± 0 . 15
9
4
0.15
(4X)
5
8
TOP VIEW
0.10 M C A B
+0.15
16X 0 . 60
-0.10
4 0.28 +0.07 / -0.05
BOTTOM VIEW
SEE DETAIL "X"
0.10 C
1.00 MAX
C
BASE PLANE
( 3 . 6 TYP )
SEATING PLANE
0.08 C
SIDE VIEW
(
2 . 10 )
( 12X 0 . 65 )
( 16X 0 . 28 )
C
0 . 2 REF
5
( 16 X 0 . 8 )
0 . 00 MIN.
0 . 05 MAX.
DETAIL "X"
TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN
NOTES:
1. Dimensions are in millimeters.
Dimensions in ( ) for Reference Only.
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to AMSE Y14.5m-1994.
3. Unless otherwise specified, tolerance : Decimal ± 0.05
4. Dimension b applies to the metallized terminal and is measured
between 0.15mm and 0.30mm from the terminal tip.
5. Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature.
6. The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be
located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 identifier may be
either a mold or mark feature.
14
FN6881.1
August 28, 2012
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