MP21600 0.6A, Synchronous, Step-Down Converter with 11µA IQ in Ultra-Small 1x1.5mm QFN DESCRIPTION FEATURES The MP21600 is a monolithic, step-down, switch-mode converter with built-in, internal power MOSFETs. The MP21600 achieves 0.6A of continuous output current from a 2.3V to 5.5V input voltage range with excellent load and line regulation. The output voltage can be regulated as low as 0.6V. The constant-on-time (COT) control scheme provides fast transient response and eases loop stabilization. Fault protections include cycle-bycycle current limiting and thermal shutdown. The MP21600 is ideal for a wide range of applications, including high-performance DSPs, wireless power, portable and mobile devices, and other low-power systems. The MP21600 requires a minimal number of readily available, standard, external components is available in an ultra-small QFN6 (1.0mmx1.5mm) package. Low IQ: 11μA 2.4MHz Switching Frequency Enable (EN) Pin for Power Sequencing Wide 2.3V to 5.5V Operating Input Range Output Adjustable from 0.6V Up to 0.6A Output Current 120mΩ and 80mΩ Internal Power MOSFET Switches Output Discharge 100% Duty Cycle Short-Circuit Protection (SCP) with Hiccup Mode Stable with Low ESR Output Ceramic Capacitors Available in a QFN-6 (1.0mmx1.5mm) Package APPLICATIONS Wireless/Networking Cards Portable and Mobile Devices Battery-Powered/Wearable Devices Low-Voltage I/O System Power All MPS parts are lead-free, halogen-free, and adhere to the RoHS directive. For MPS green status, please visit the MPS website under Quality Assurance. “MPS” and “The Future of Analog IC Technology” are registered trademarks of Monolithic Power Systems, Inc. TYPICAL APPLICATION L1 1μH VIN 5V SW VIN OUT C1 10μF R1 200kΩ MP21600 EN EN C2 10μF FB GND MP21600 Rev. 1.0 6/15/2017 VOUT 1.2V R2 200kΩ www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2017 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 1 MP21600 – 0.6A, SYNCHRONOUS, STEP-DOWN CONVERTER WITH 11µA IQ ORDERING INFORMATION Part Number* MP21600GQD Package QFN-6 (1.0mmx1.5mm) Top Marking See Below * For Tape & Reel, add suffix –Z (e.g. MP21600GQD–Z) TOP MARKING FC: Product code of MP21600GQD LL: Lot number PACKAGE REFERENCE TOP VIEW FB 1 6 OUT GND 2 5 EN VIN 3 4 SW QFN-6 (1.0mmx1.5mm) MP21600 Rev. 1.0 6/15/2017 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2017 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 2 MP21600 – 0.6A, SYNCHRONOUS, STEP-DOWN CONVERTER WITH 11µA IQ ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1) Thermal Resistance Supply voltage (VIN) ......................................6V VSW ............................... -0.3V (-5V for <10ns) to 6V (8V for <10ns or 10V for <3ns) All other pins .................................... -0.3V to 6V Junction temperature ............................... 150°C Lead temperature .................................... 260°C (2) Continuous power dissipation (TA = +25°C) ..................................................................0.6W Storage temperature ................ -65°C to +150°C QFN-6 (1.0mmx1.5mm) ....... 220 ..... 110 .. °C/W Recommended Operating Conditions (3) Supply voltage (VIN) ...................... 2.3V to 5.5V Operating junction temp. (TJ). .. -40°C to +125°C MP21600 Rev. 1.0 6/15/2017 (4) θJA θJC NOTES: 1) Exceeding these ratings may damage the device. 2) The maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of the maximum junction temperature TJ (MAX), the junction-toambient thermal resistance θJA, and the ambient temperature TA. The maximum allowable continuous power dissipation at any ambient temperature is calculated by PD (MAX) = (TJ (MAX)-TA)/θJA. Exceeding the maximum allowable power dissipation produces an excessive die temperature, causing the regulator to go into thermal shutdown. Internal thermal shutdown circuitry protects the device from permanent damage. 3) The device is not guaranteed to function outside of its operating conditions. 4) Measured on JESD51-7, 4-layer PCB. www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2017 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 3 MP21600 – 0.6A, SYNCHRONOUS, STEP-DOWN CONVERTER WITH 11µA IQ ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS VIN = 3.6V, TJ = -40°C to +125°C, typical value is tested at TJ = +25°C. The limit over temperature is guaranteed by characterization, unless otherwise noted. Parameter Symbol Feedback voltage VFB Feedback current PFET switch on resistance NFET switch on resistance Min Typ Max 2.3V ≤ VIN ≤ 5.5V, TJ = 25°C 594 600 606 TJ = -40°C to +125°C 588 612 Units mV VFB = 0.63V 50 120 80 100 nA mΩ mΩ Switch leakage current PFET peak current limit VEN = 0V, TJ = 25°C Sourcing 0 1.3 1 1.6 μA A NFET valley current limit Sourcing, valley current limit ZCD IFB RDSON_P RDSON_N Condition 1 (6) On time TON Switching frequency Minimum off time (5) Minimum on time Soft-start time Under-voltage lockout threshold rising Under-voltage lockout threshold hysteresis EN input logic low voltage EN input logic high voltage Output discharge resistor EN input current Supply current (shutdown) Supply current (quiescent) (6) Thermal shutdown (6) Thermal hysteresis fs TMIN-OFF TMIN-ON TSS-ON 0.4 A 0 mA VIN = 5V, VOUT = 1.2V 100 VIN = 3.6V, VOUT = 1.2V VOUT = 1.2V VOUT = 1.2V, TJ = -40°C to (5) +125°C 1920 135 2400 2910 kHz 1800 2400 3000 kHz ns 60 60 0.5 VOUT rise from 10% to 90% 2 ns ns ms 2.25 150 mV 0.4 1.2 RDIS VEN = 0V, VOUT = 1.2V VEN = 2V VEN = 0V VEN = 0V, TJ = 25°C VEN = 2V, VFB = 0.63V, VIN = 3.6V, 5V, TJ = 25°C V V V 1 1.2 0 0 1 kΩ μA μA μA 11 13 μA 160 30 °C °C NOTES: 5) Guaranteed by characterization. 6) Guaranteed by design. MP21600 Rev. 1.0 6/15/2017 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2017 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 4 MP21600 – 0.6A, SYNCHRONOUS, STEP-DOWN CONVERTER WITH 11µA IQ TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS VIN = 5V, VOUT = 1.2V, L = 1.0µH, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted. MP21600 Rev. 1.0 6/15/2017 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2017 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 5 MP21600 – 0.6A, SYNCHRONOUS, STEP-DOWN CONVERTER WITH 11µA IQ TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued) VIN = 5V, VOUT = 1.2V, L = 1.0µH, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted. MP21600 Rev. 1.0 6/15/2017 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2017 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 6 MP21600 – 0.6A, SYNCHRONOUS, STEP-DOWN CONVERTER WITH 11µA IQ TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued) VIN = 5V, VOUT = 1.2V, L = 1.0µH, Co = 22µF, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted. MP21600 Rev. 1.0 6/15/2017 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2017 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 7 MP21600 – 0.6A, SYNCHRONOUS, STEP-DOWN CONVERTER WITH 11µA IQ TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued) VIN = 5V, VOUT = 1.2V, L = 1.0µH, Co = 22µF, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted. MP21600 Rev. 1.0 6/15/2017 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2017 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 8 MP21600 – 0.6A, SYNCHRONOUS, STEP-DOWN CONVERTER WITH 11µA IQ PIN FUNCTIONS Pin # Name 1 FB 2 GND 3 VIN 4 SW 5 EN 6 OUT MP21600 Rev. 1.0 6/15/2017 Description Feedback. An external resistor divider from the output to GND tapped to FB sets the output voltage. Power ground. Supply voltage. The MP21600 operates from a 2.3V to 5.5V unregulated input. A decouple capacitor is needed to prevent large voltage spikes from appearing at the input. Output switching node. SW is the drain of the internal, high-side, P-channel MOSFET. Connect the inductor to SW to complete the converter. On/off control. Output voltage power rail and input sense for output voltage. Connect the load to OUT. An output capacitor is needed to decrease the output voltage ripple. www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2017 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 9 MP21600 – 0.6A, SYNCHRONOUS, STEP-DOWN CONVERTER WITH 11µA IQ BLOCK DIAGRAM VIN Bias & Voltage Reference EN Soft start + COMP VTH Lo-Iq 0.6V RST + + E.A. - Constant On -Time Pulse Lo-Iq Main Switch (PCH) PDRV PWM PWM + + FBCOMP FB EN SW Driver VOUT Lo-Iq Ramp generator Synchronous Rectifier (NCH) SW Lo-Iq Hi-Z NDRV OUT GND + COMP Lo-Iq Figure 1: Functional Block Diagram MP21600 Rev. 1.0 6/15/2017 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2017 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 10 MP21600 – 0.6A, SYNCHRONOUS, STEP-DOWN CONVERTER WITH 11µA IQ OPERATION The MP21600 uses constant-on-time (COT) control with input voltage feed-forward to stabilize the switching frequency over the full input range. The MP21600 achieves 0.6A of continuous output current from a 2.3V to 5.5V input voltage range with excellent load and line regulation. The output voltage can be regulated as low as 0.6V. Constant-On-Time (COT) Control Compared to fixed-frequency pulse-width modulation (PWM) control, constant-on-time (COT) control offers a simpler control loop and a faster transient response. By using inputvoltage feed-forward, the MP21600 maintains a nearly constant switching frequency across the input and output voltage ranges. The switching pulse on time can be estimated with Equation (1): TON VOUT 0.416s VIN (1) To prevent inductor current runaway during the load transient, the MP21600 has a fixed minimum off time of 60ns. Sleep Mode Operation The MP21600 features sleep mode to achieve high efficiency at extremely light loads. In sleep mode, most of the circuit blocks are turned off, except for the error amplifier (EA) and PWM comparator. Therefore, the operation current is reduced to a minimal value (see Figure 2). Bias & Voltage Reference Soft Start FB Average FB Vref Figure 3: FB Average Voltage in Sleep Mode When MP21600 is in sleep mode, the average output voltage is higher than the internal reference voltage. The EAO is kept low and clamped in sleep mode. When the loading increases, the PWM switching period decreases to keep the output voltage regulated, and the output voltage ripple is decreased relatively. When the EAO is greater than the internal low threshold, the MP21600 exits sleep mode and enters DCM or CCM depending on the load. In DCM or CCM, the EA regulates the average output voltage to the internal reference (see Figure 4). FB+ Ramp Average FB= REF EA out Figure 4: DCM Control There is always a loading hysteresis when entering sleep mode and exiting sleep mode due to the EA clamping response time. AAM Operation in Light-Load Operation The MP21600 uses an advanced asynchronous modulation (AAM) power-save mode together with zero-current cross detection (ZCD) circuit for light loads. 0.6V + + E.A. + Lo-Iq at that level, and the MP21600 enters sleep mode. During sleep mode, the valley of the FB voltage is regulated to the internal reference voltage, making the average output voltage slightly higher than the output voltage at discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) or continuous conduction mode (CCM). The ontime pulse at sleep mode is around 40% larger than that in DCM or CCM. Figure 3 shows the average FB voltage relationship with the internal reference in sleep mode. + FBCOMP FB Lo-Iq Ramp Generator SW Figure 2: Operation Blocks in Sleep Mode When the load becomes lighter, the ripple of the output voltage is larger and drives the error amplifier output (EAO) lower. When the EAO reaches an internal low threshold, it is clamped MP2148 Rev. 1.0 6/15/2017 The MP21600 uses AAM power-save mode for light loads (see Figure 5). The AAM current (IAAM) is set internally. The SW on pulse time is decided by the on-time generator and AAM comparator. At light load condition, the SW on pulse time is the longer one. If the AAM comparator pulse is longer than the on-timer generator, the operation mode follows the diagram shown in Figure 6. www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2017 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 11 MP21600 – 0.6A, SYNCHRONOUS, STEP-DOWN CONVERTER WITH 11µA IQ VFB EN COT Generator VREF FBCOMP S Q HS_ driver R IL_ sense Figure 9 shows the AAM threshold decreasing as TON increases gradually. For CCM, the output current (Io) must be more than half of the AAM threshold at least. IAAM AAMCOMP Figure 5: Simplified AAM Control Logic AAM Io IL a. Light load in AAM AAM Io IL b. Increase load in AAM Figure 6: AAM Comparator Control TON If the AAM comparator pulse is shorter than the on-time generator, the operation mode follows the diagram shown in Figure 7. Generally, this can occur by using a very small inductance. AAM Io IL a. Light load in on-timer AAM Io IL b. Increase load in on-timer Figure 7: On-Timer Control TON In addition to the above on-timer method, the AAM circuit has another 150ns of AAM blank time in sleep mode. If the on-timer is less than 150ns, the high-side MOSFET (HS-FET) may turn off after the on-timer generator pulse without AAM control. In this condition, the inductor current (IL) may not reach the AAM threshold (see Figure 8). The on-time pulse in sleep mode is around 40% larger than that the on-time pulse in DCM or CCM. AAM Io IL 150ns 150ns Figure 9: AAM Threshold Decreases with TON Increase The MP21600 has a ZCD to determine when the inductor current starts reversing. When the inductor current reaches the ZCD threshold, the low-side switch turns off. AAM and the ZCD circuit make the MP21600 work in DCM mode at light load continuously, even if VOUT is close to VIN. Enable (EN) When the input voltage is greater than the under-voltage lockout threshold (UVLO) (typically 2V), the MP21600 can be enabled by pulling EN higher than 1.2V. Leave EN floating or pull EN down to ground to disable the MP21600. There is an internal 1MΩ resistor from EN to ground. When the device is disabled, the part enters output discharge mode automatically. The internal discharge MOSFET provides a resistive discharge path for the output capacitor. Soft Start (SS) The MP21600 has a built-in soft start that ramps up the output voltage at a controlled slew rate to avoid overshooting at start-up. The soft start time is about 0.5ms, typically. Current Limit The MP21600 has a 1.3A high-side switch current limit, typically. When the high-side switch reaches its current limit, the MP21600 remains in hiccup mode until the current drops. Figure 8: AAM Blank Time in Sleep Mode MP21600 Rev. 1.0 6/15/2017 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2017 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 12 MP21600 – 0.6A, SYNCHRONOUS, STEP-DOWN CONVERTER WITH 11µA IQ This prevents the inductor current from rising and damaging components. Short Circuit and Recovery The MP21600 enters short-circuit protection (SCP) mode when it reaches the current limit and attempts to recover with hiccup mode. The MP21600 disables the output power stage, discharges the soft-start capacitor, and attempts to soft start again automatically. If the short-circuit condition remains after the soft start ends, the MP21600 repeats this cycle until the short circuit is removed and the output rises back to the regulation level. MP21600 Rev. 1.0 6/15/2017 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2017 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 13 MP21600 – 0.6A, SYNCHRONOUS, STEP-DOWN CONVERTER WITH 11µA IQ Table 2: Suggested Inductor List APPLICATION INFORMATION Setting the Output Voltage The external resistor divider sets the output voltage (see the Typical Application Circuit in Figure 12). Select a feedback resistor (R1) to reduce the VOUT leakage current, typically between 100kΩ to 200kΩ. There is no strict requirement on the feedback resistor. An R1 value greater than 10kΩ is reasonable for the application. R2 can then be calculated with Equation (2): R2 R1 (2) Vout 1 0.6 Figure 10 shows the feedback circuit. R1 FB R2 Figure 10: Feedback Network Table 1 lists the recommended resistor values for common output voltages. Table 1: Resistor Values for Common Output Voltages VOUT (V) R1 (kΩ) R2 (kΩ) 1.0 1.2 200(1%) 200(1%) 300(1%) 200(1%) 1.8 2.5 3.3 200(1%) 200(1%) 200(1%) 100(1%) 63.2(1%) 44.2(1%) Selecting the Inductor Most applications work best with a 0.47µH to 1.5µH inductor. Select an inductor with a DC resistance less than 100mΩ to optimize efficiency. High-frequency, switch-mode power supplies with a magnetic device have strong electronic magnetic inference for the system. Any unshielded power inductor should be avoided since it has poor magnetic shielding. Metal alloy or multiplayer chip power shield inductors are recommended for the application since they can decrease influence effectively. Table 2 lists some suggested inductors. MP21600 Rev. 1.0 6/15/2017 Inductance( μH ) Manufacturer PIFE25201B-1R0MS 1.0 CYNTEC CO. LTD. 1239AS-H-1R0M 1.0 Tokyo 74438322010 1.0 Wurth For most designs, the inductance can be estimated with Equation (3): L1 VOUT (VIN VOUT ) VIN IL fOSC (3) Where ∆IL is the inductor ripple current. Choose the inductor current to be approximately 30% of the maximum load current. The maximum inductor peak current can be calculated with Equation (4): IL(MAX) ILOAD Vout MP21600 Manufacturer P/N IL 2 (4) Selecting the Input Capacitor The input current to the step-down converter is discontinuous, and therefore requires a capacitor to supply AC current to the step-down converter while maintaining the DC input voltage. Use low ESR capacitors for the best performance. Ceramic capacitors with X5R or X7R dielectrics are highly recommended because of their low ESR and small temperature coefficients. For most applications, a 10µF capacitor is sufficient. Higher output voltages may require a 22μF capacitor to increase system stability. The input capacitor requires an adequate ripple current rating since it absorbs the input switching current. Estimate the RMS current in the input capacitor with Equation (5): IC1 ILOAD VOUT VOUT 1 VIN VIN (5) The worst-case scenario occurs at VIN = 2VOUT, shown in Equation (6): ILOAD (6) 2 For simplification, choose an input capacitor with an RMS current rating greater than half of the maximum load current. IC1 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2017 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 14 MP21600 – 0.6A, SYNCHRONOUS, STEP-DOWN CONVERTER WITH 11µA IQ The input capacitor can be electrolytic, tantalum, or ceramic. When using electrolytic or tantalum capacitors, add a small, high-quality, 0.1μF, ceramic capacitor as close to the IC as possible. When using ceramic capacitors, ensure that they have enough capacitance to provide sufficient charge to prevent excessive voltage ripple at the input. The input voltage ripple caused by the capacitance can be estimated with Equation (7): ILOAD V V OUT 1 OUT fS C1 VIN VIN PCB Layout Guidelines Efficient layout of the switching power supplies is critical for stable operation. For the highfrequency switching converter, a poor layout design can result in poor line or load regulation and stability issues. For best results, refer to Figure 11 and follow the guidelines below. 1. Place the high-current paths (GND, VIN and SW) very close to the device with short, direct, and wide traces. (7) 2. Place the input capacitor as close to VIN and GND as possible. Selecting the Output Capacitor The output capacitor (C2) stabilizes the DC output voltage. Low ESR ceramic capacitors are recommended to limit the output voltage ripple. Estimate the output voltage ripple with Equation (8): 3. Place the external feedback resistors next to FB. VIN VOUT VOUT V 1 OUT fS L1 VIN 1 RESR 8 fS C2 (8) 4. Keep the switching node (SW) short and away from the feedback network. 5. Keep the VOUT sense line need as short as possible or away from the power inductor and surrounding inductors. Vout Where L1 is the inductor value, and RESR is the equivalent series resistance (ESR) value of the output capacitor. When using ceramic capacitors, the capacitance dominates the impedance at the switching frequency and causes most of the output voltage ripple. For simplification, the output voltage ripple can be estimated with Equation (9): ΔVOUT VOUT V 1 OUT 8 fS L1 C2 VIN 2 (9) For tantalum or electrolytic capacitors, the ESR dominates the impedance at the switching frequency. For simplification, the output ripple can be approximated with Equation (10): ΔVOUT VOUT VOUT 1 RESR fS L1 VIN Cout GND R1 R2 Vin Cin FB 1 6 GND 2 5 VIN 3 4 OUT EN Lout SW EN Figure 11: Two Ends of Input Decoupling Capacitor Close to Pin 2 and Pin 3 (10) The characteristics of the output capacitor also affect the stability of the regulation system. For the MP21600, one 10μF output capacitor is sufficient for most applications. Considering the small solution size and light-load ripple, a 22μF capacitor is recommended. MP21600 Rev. 1.0 6/15/2017 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2017 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 15 MP21600 – 0.6A, SYNCHRONOUS, STEP-DOWN CONVERTER WITH 11µA IQ TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT VIN 2.3V to 5.5V R3 100kΩ EN 3 C1A NS U1 4 VOUT 1.2V/0.6A SW VIN C1 10 µ F OUT 6 MP21600 GQD 5 L1 1µH EN FB 1 R1 200kΩ C2 22µF C2A NS R2 200kΩ GND 2 Figure 12: Typical Application Circuit NOTE: VIN < 3.3V may require more input capacitors. MP21600 Rev. 1.0 6/15/2017 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2017 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 16 MP21600 – 0.6A, SYNCHRONOUS, STEP-DOWN CONVERTER WITH 11µA IQ PACKAGE INFORMATION QFN-6 (1.0mmx1.5mm) PIN 1 ID 0.125X45ºTYP PIN 1 ID MARKING PIN 1 ID INDEX AREA BOTTOM VIEW TOP VIEW SIDE VIEW NOTE: 0.125X45º 1) ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS. 2) EXPOSED PADDLE SIZE DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. 3) LEAD COPLANARITY SHALL BE 0.10 MILLIMETERS MAX. 4) JEDEC REFERENCE IS MO-220. 5) DRAWING IS NOT TO SCALE. RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN NOTICE: The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Please contact MPS for current specifications. Users should warrant and guarantee that third party Intellectual Property rights are not infringed upon when integrating MPS products into any application. MPS will not assume any legal responsibility for any said applications. MP21600 Rev. 1.0 6/15/2017 www.MonolithicPower.com MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2017 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 17