ATMEL AT89C51AC3 Microcontroller Datasheet

Features
• Protocol
– UART Used as Physical Layer
– Based on the Intel Hex-type Records
– Autobaud
• In-System Programming
– Read/Write Flash and EEPROM Memories
– Read Device ID
– Full-chip Erase
– Read/Write Configuration Bytes
– Security Setting From ISP Command
– Remote Application Start Command
• In-Application Programming/Self Programming
– Read/Write Flash and EEPROM Memories
– Read Device ID
– Block Erase
– Read/Write Configuration Bytes
– Bootloader Start
80C51
Microcontrollers
Description
This document describes the UART bootloader functionalities as well as the serial
protocol to efficiently perform operations on the on chip Flash (EEPROM) memories.
Additional information on the AT89C51AC3 product can be found in the AT89C51AC3
datasheet and the AT89C51AC3 errata sheet available on the Atmel web site.
AT89C51AC3
UART
Bootloader
The bootloader software package (source code and binary) currently used for production is available from the Atmel web site.
Bootloader Revision
Purpose of Modifications
Date
Revision 1.0.1
First release
01/08/2003
Rev. 4386A–8051–10/04
1
Functional Description
The AT89C51AC3 Bootloader facilitates In-System Programming and In-Application
Programming.
In-System Programming
Capability
In-System Programming allows the user to program or reprogram a microcontroller onchip Flash memory without removing it from the system and without the need of a preprogrammed application.
The UART bootloader can manage a communication with a host through the serial network. It can also access and perform requested operations on the on-chip Flash
Memory.
In-Application
Programming or SelfProgramming Capability
In-Application Programming (IAP) allows the reprogramming of a microcontroller onchip Flash memory without removing it from the system and while the embedded application is running.
The UART bootloader contains some Application Programming Interface routines
named API routines allowing IAP by using the user’s firmware.
Block Diagram
This section describes the different parts of the bootloader. The figure below shows the
on-chip bootloader and IAP processes.
Figure 1. Bootloader Process Description
On chip
User
Application
External host via the
UART Protocol
Communication
IAP
User Call
Management
ISP Communication
Management
Flash Memory
Management
Flash
Memory
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ISP Communication
Management
The purpose of this process is to manage the communication and its protocol between
the on-chip bootloader and an external device (host). The on-chip bootloader implements a Serial protocol (see Section “Protocol”). This process translates serial
communication frames (UART) into Flash memory accesses (read, write, erase...).
User Call Management
Several Application Program Interface (API) calls are available to the application program to selectively erase and program Flash pages. All calls are made through a
common interface (API calls) included in the bootloader. The purpose of this process is
to translate the application request into internal Flash Memory operations.
Flash Memory Management
This process manages low level accesses to the Flash memory (performs read and
write accesses).
Bootloader Configuration
Configuration and
Manufacturer Information
Mapping and Default Value of
Hardware Security Byte
The table below lists Configuration and Manufacturer byte information used by the bootloader. This information can be accessed through a set of API or ISP commands.
Mnemonic
Description
Default value
BSB
Boot Status Byte
FFh
SBV
Software Boot Vector
FCh
SSB
Software Security Byte
FFh
EB
Extra Byte
FFh
Manufacturer
58h
Id1: Family code
D7h
Id2: Product Name
FFh
Id3: Product Revision
FEh
The 4 MSB of the Hardware Byte can be read/written by software (this area is called
Fuse bits). The 4 LSB can only be read by software and written by hardware in parallel
mode (with parallel programmer devices).
Bit Position
Note:
Mnemonic
Default Value
Description
7
X2B
U
To start in x1 mode
6
BLJB
P
To map the boot area in code area between F800hFFFFh
5
reserved
U
4
reserved
U
3
reserved
U
2
LB2
P
1
LB1
U
0
LB0
U
To lock the chip (see datasheet)
U: Unprogram = 1
P: Program = 0
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Security
The bootloader has Software Security Byte (SSB) to protect itself from user access or
ISP access.
The Software Security Byte (SSB) protects from ISP accesses. The command "Program
Software Security Bit" can only write a higher priority level. There are three levels of
security:
•
level 0: NO_SECURITY (FFh)
This is the default level.
From level 0, one can write level 1 or level 2.
•
level 1: WRITE_SECURITY (FEh)
In this level it is impossible to write in the Flash memory, BSB and SBV.
The Bootloader returns an error message.
From level 1, one can write only level 2.
•
level 2: RD_WR_SECURITY (FCh)
Level 2 forbids all read and write accesses to/from the Flash memory.
The Bootloader returns an error message.
Only a full chip erase command can reset the software security bits.
Level 0
Software Boot Vector
Level 1
Level 2
Flash/EEPROM
Any access allowed
Read only access allowed
All access not allowed
Fuse bit
Any access allowed
Read only access allowed
All access not allowed
BSB & SBV & EB
Any access allowed
Read only access allowed
All access not allowed
SSB
Any access allowed
Write level2 allowed
Read only access allowed
Manufacturer info
Read only access allowed
Read only access allowed
Read only access allowed
Bootloader info
Read only access allowed
Read only access allowed
Read only access allowed
Erase block
Allowed
Not allowed
Not allowed
Full chip erase
Allowed
Allowed
Allowed
Blank Check
Allowed
Allowed
Allowed
The Software Boot Vector (SBV) forces the execution of a user bootloader starting at
address [SBV]00h in the application area (FM0).
The way to start this user bootloader is described in the section “Boot Process”.
UART Bootloader
User Bootloader
[SBV]00h
Application
FM1
FM0
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FLIP Software Program
FLIP is a PC software program running under Windows 9x / NT / 2K / XP and LINUX
that supports all Atmel C51 Flash microcontrollers.
This free software program is available on the Atmel web site.
In-System
Programming
The ISP allows the user to program or reprogram a microcontroller’s on-chip Flash
memory through the serial line without removing it from the system and without the need
of a pre-programmed application.
This section describes how to start the UART bootloader and the higher level protocol
over the serial line.
Boot Process
Hardware Condition
The bootloader can be activated in two ways:
•
Hardware conditions
•
Regular boot process
The Hardware conditions (EA = 1, PSEN = 0) during the RESET# falling edge force the
on-chip bootloader execution. In this way the bootloader can be carried out whatever the
user Flash memory content.
As PSEN is an output port in normal operating mode (running user application or bootloader code) after reset, it is recommended to release PSEN after falling edge of reset
signal. The hardware conditions are sampled at reset signal falling edge, thus they can
be released at any time when reset input is low.
To ensure correct microcontroller startup. The PSEN pin should not be tied to ground
during power-on.
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Regular Boot Process
bit E N B O O T in A U XR 1 R egister is
initialized w ith B LJ B inverted
Hardware
Boot Process
RESET
Y es
H ardw are
C ondition
ENBOOT = 1
P C = F 800h
F C O N = 00h
No
ENBO OT = 0
P C = 0000h
Y es
B LJB = 1
No
Software Boot Process
F C O N = 00h
ENBOOT = 1
P C = F 800h
F C O N = 0F h
Y es
No
S B V < F 8h
No
Y es
S ta rt A pp lica tio n
S tart U se r B o o tlo a d e r
S ta rt B o o tlo a d e r
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Physical Layer
Frame Description
The UART used to transmit information has the following configuration:
•
Character: 8-bit data
•
Parity: none
•
Stop: 2 bits
•
Flow control: none
•
Baud rate: autobaud is performed by the bootloader to compute the baud rate
chosen by the host.
The Serial Protocol is based on the Intel Hex-type records.
Intel Hex records consist of ASCII characters used to represent hexadecimal values and
are summarized below.
Table 1. Intel Hex Type Frame
Record Mark ‘:’
Record length
Load Offset
Record Type
Data or Info
Checksum
1 byte
1 byte
2 bytes
1 bytes
n byte
1 byte
•
Record Mark:
–
•
Record length:
–
•
•
–
Load Offset specifies the 16-bit starting load offset of the data Bytes,
therefore this field is used only for
–
Data Program Record.
Record Type:
Record Type specifies the command type. This field is used to interpret the
remaining information within the frame.
Data/Info:
–
•
Record length specifies the number of Bytes of information or data which
follows the Record Type field of the record.
Load Offset:
–
•
Record Mark is the start of frame. This field must contain ’:’.
Data/Info is a variable length field. It consists of zero or more Bytes encoded
as pairs of hexadecimal digits. The meaning of data depends on the Record
Type.
Checksum:
–
The two’s complement of the 8-bit Bytes that result from converting each pair
of ASCII hexadecimal digits to one Byte of binary, and including the Record
Length field to and including the last Byte of the Data/Info field. Therefore,
the sum of all the ASCII pairs in a record after converting to binary, from the
Record Length field to and including the Checksum field, is zero.
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Protocol
Overview
An initialization step must be performed after each Reset. After microcontroller reset,
t h e bo o t l o a d e r w a i t s f o r a n a u t o b a ud s e q ue n c e ( s e e S e c t i o n “ A u to b a u d
Performances”).
When the communication is initialized the protocol depends on the record type issued
by the host.
Communication Initialization
The host initiates the communication by sending a ’U’ character to help the bootloader
to compute the baud rate (autobaud).
Figure 2. Initialization
Bootloader
Host
Autobaud Performances
Init Communication
"U"
If (not received "U")
Else
Communication Opened
"U"
Performs Autobaud
Sends Back ‘U’ Character
The bootloader supports a wide range of baud rates. It is also adaptable to a wide range
of oscillator frequencies. This is accomplished by measuring the bit-time of a single bit in
a received character. This information is then used to program the baud rate in terms of
timer counts based on the oscillator frequency. Table 2 shows the autobaud capabilities.
Table 2. Autobaud Performances
Frequency
(MHz)
Baudrate
(kHz)
1.8432
2
2.4576
3
3.6864
4
5
6
7.3728
2400
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
4800
OK
-
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
9600
OK
-
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
19200
OK
-
OK
OK
OK
-
-
OK
OK
38400
-
-
OK
OK
-
OK
OK
OK
57600
-
-
-
-
OK
-
-
-
OK
115200
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
OK
Baudrate
(kHz)
8
10
11.0592
12
14.746
16
20
24
26.6
2400
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
4800
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
9600
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
Frequency
(MHz)
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Frequency
(MHz)
Baudrate
(kHz)
8
10
11.0592
12
14.746
16
20
24
26.6
19200
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
38400
-
-
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
57600
-
-
OK
-
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
115200
-
-
OK
-
OK
-
-
-
-
Command Data Stream Protocol
All commands are sent using the same flow. Each frame sent by the host is echoed by
the bootloader.
Figure 3. Command Flow
Host
Sends first character of the
Frame
Sends frame (made of 2 ASCII
characters per Byte)
Echo analysis
Bootloader
":"
If (not received ":")
":"
Else
Sends echo and start
reception
Gets frame, and sends back echo
for each received Byte
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Programming the Flash or
EEPROM data
The flow described below shows how to program data in the Flash memory or in the
EEPROM data memory.
The bootloader programs on a page of 128 bytes basis when it is possible.
The host must take care that:
•
The data to program transmitted within a frame are in the same page.
Requests from Host
Answers from Bootloader
Command Name
Record
Type
Load
Offset
Program Flash
00h
Program EEPROM
Data
07h
Record
Length
Data[0]
...
Data[127]
start
address
nb of Data
x
...
x
start
address
nb of Data
x
...
x
The bootloader answers with:
•
‘.’ & ‘CR’ & ’LF’ when the data are programmed
•
‘X’ & ‘CR’ & ‘LF’ if the checksum is wrong
•
‘P’ & ‘CR’ & ‘LF’ if the Security is set
Flow Description
Bootloader
Host
Write Command
Send Write Command
Wait Write Command
OR
Checksum error
Wait Checksum Error
’X’ & CR & LF
Send Checksum error
COMMAND ABORTED
NO_SECURITY
OR
Wait Security Error
’P’ & CR & LF
Send Security error
COMMAND ABORTED
Wait Programming
’.’ & CR & LF
Wait COMMAND_OK
Send COMMAND_OK
COMMAND FINISHED
Example
Programming Data (write 55h at address 0010h in the Flash)
HOST
: 01 0010 00 55 9A
BOOTLOADER
: 01 0010 00 55 9A . CR LF
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Read the Flash or EEPROM
Data
The flow described below allows the user to read data in the Flash memory or in the
EEPROM data memory. A blank check command is possible with this flow.
The device splits into blocks of 16 bytes the data to transfer to the Host if the number of
data to display is greater than 16 data bytes.
Requests from Host
Command Name
Record
Type
Load
Offset
Record
Length
Data[0]
Data[1]
Data[2]
Data[3]
Read Flash
Blank check on
Flash
00h
04h
x
05h
start address
end Address
Read EEPROM
Data
Note:
Answers from Bootloader
Data[4]
01h
02h
The field “Load offset” is not used.
The bootloader answers to a read Flash or EEPROM Data memory command:
•
‘Address = data ‘ & ‘CR’ & ’LF’
up to 16 data by line.
•
‘X’ & ‘CR’ & ‘LF’ if the checksum is wrong
•
‘L’ & ‘CR’ & ‘LF’ if the Security is set
The bootloader answers to blank check command:
•
‘.’ & ‘CR’ & ’LF’ when the blank check is ok
•
‘First Address wrong’ ‘CR’ & ‘LF’ when the blank check is fail
•
‘X’ & ‘CR’ & ‘LF’ if the checksum is wrong
•
‘P’ & ‘CR’ & ‘LF’ if the Security is set
Flow Description: Blank Check
Command
Bootloader
Host
Send Blank Check Command
Blank Check Command
Wait Blank Check Command
OR
Wait Checksum Error
Checksum error
’X’ & CR & LF
Send Checksum error
COMMAND ABORTED
Flash blank
OR
Wait COMMAND_OK
’.’ & CR & LF
Send COMMAND_OK
COMMAND FINISHED
Wait Address not
erased
address & CR & LF
Send first Address
not erased
COMMAND FINISHED
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Example
Blank Check ok
HOST
: 05 0000 04 0000 7FFF 01 78
BOOTLOADER
: 05 0000 04 0000 7FFF 01 78 . CR LF
Blank Check ko at address xxxx
HOST
: 05 0000 04 0000 7FFF 01 78
BOOTLOADER
: 05 0000 04 0000 7FFF 01 78 xxxx CR LF
Blank Check with checksum error
HOST
: 05 0000 04 0000 7FFF 01 70
BOOTLOADER
: 05 0000 04 0000 7FFF 01 70 X CR LF CR LF
Flow Description: Read
Command
Bootloader
Host
Send Display Command
Display Command
Wait Display Command
OR
Wait Checksum Error
Checksum error
’X’ & CR & LF
Send Checksum Error
COMMAND ABORTED
RD_WR_SECURITY
OR
Wait Security Error
’L’ & CR & LF
Send Security Error
COMMAND ABORTED
Read Data
All data read
Complete Frame
Wait Display Data
All data read
COMMAND FINISHED
Note:
"Address = "
"Reading value"
CR & LF
Send Display Data
All data read
COMMAND FINISHED
The maximum size of block is 400h. To read more than 400h Bytes, the Host must send a new command.
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Example
Display data from address 0000h to 0020h
: 05 0000 04 0000 0020 00 D7
HOST
Program Configuration
Information
BOOTLOADER
: 05 0000 04 0000 0020 00 D7
BOOTLOADER
0000=-----data------ CR LF
(16 data)
BOOTLOADER
0010=-----data------ CR LF
(16 data)
BOOTLOADER
0020=data CR LF
( 1 data)
The flow described below allows the user to program Configuration Information regarding the bootloader functionality.
The Boot Process Configuration:
BSB
SBV
Fuse bits (BLJB and X2 bits) (see Section “Mapping and Default Value of Hardware
Security Byte”)
SSB
EB
Requests from Host
Command Name
Record
Type
Load
Offset
Erase SBV & BSB
Record
Length
Data[0]
Data[1]
Data[2]
02h
04h
00h
-
00h
-
02h
05h
01h
-
Program SSB level1
Program SSB level2
Program BSB
00h
03h
x
Program SBV
03h
06h
Program EB
value
06h
Program bit BLJB
04h
03h
Program bit X2
Note:
01h
0Ah
bit value
08h
1. The field “Load Offset” is not used
2. To program the BLJB and X2 bit the “bit value” is 00h or 01h.
Answers from Bootloader
The bootloader answers with:
•
‘.’ & ‘CR’ & ’LF’ when the value is programmed
•
‘X’ & ‘CR’ & ‘LF’ if the checksum is wrong
•
‘P’ & ‘CR’ & ‘LF’ if the Security is set
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Flow Description
Bootloader
Host
Write Command
Send Write Command
Wait Write Command
OR
Checksum error
Wait Checksum Error
’X’ & CR & LF
Send Checksum error
COMMAND ABORTED
NO_SECURITY
OR
Wait Security Error
’P’ & CR & LF
Send Security error
COMMAND ABORTED
Wait Programming
’.’ & CR & LF
Wait COMMAND_OK
Send COMMAND_OK
COMMAND FINISHED
Example
Programming Atmel function (write SSB to level 2)
HOST
: 02 0000 03 05 01 F5
BOOTLOADER
: 02 0000 03 05 01 F5. CR LF
Writing Frame (write BSB to 55h)
HOST
: 03 0000 03 06 00 55 9F
BOOTLOADER
: 03 0000 03 06 00 55 9F . CR LF
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Read Configuration
Information or Manufacturer
Information
The flow described below allows the user to read the configuration or manufacturer
information.
Requests from Host
Command Name
Record
Type
Load
Offset
Record
Length
Data[0]
Data[1]
Read Manufacturer Code
00h
Read Family Code
01h
00h
Read Product Name
02h
Read Product Revision
03h
Read SSB
00h
Read BSB
01h
05h
x
02h
07h
Read SBV
02h
Read EB
06h
Read HSB (Fuse bit)
0Bh
Read Device ID1
00h
00h
0Eh
Read Device ID2
01h
Read Bootloader version
Note:
Answers from Bootloader
0Fh
00h
The field “Load Offset” is not used
The bootloader answers with:
•
‘value’ & ‘.’ & ‘CR’ & ’LF’ when the value is programmed
•
‘X’ & ‘CR’ & ‘LF’ if the checksum is wrong
•
‘P’ & ‘CR’ & ‘LF’ if the Security is set
Flow Description
Bootloader
Host
Send Read Command
Read Command
Wait Read Command
OR
Wait Checksum Error
Checksum error
’X’ & CR & LF
Send Checksum error
COMMAND ABORTED
RD_WR_SECURITY
OR
Wait Security Error
’L’ & CR & LF
Send Security error
COMMAND ABORTED
Read Value
Wait Value of Data
’value’ & ’.’ & CR & LF
Send Data Read
COMMAND FINISHED
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Example
Read function (read SBV)
HOST
: 02 0000 05 07 02 F0
BOOTLOADER
: 02 0000 05 07 02 F0 Value . CR LF
Atmel Read function (read Bootloader version)
Erase the Flash
HOST
: 02 0000 01 02 00 FB
BOOTLOADER
: 02 0000 01 02 00 FB Value . CR LF
The flow described below allows the user to erase the Flash memory.
Two modes of Flash erasing are possible:
•
Full Chip erase
•
Block erase
The Full Chip erase command erases the whole Flash (64 Kbytes) and sets some Configuration Bytes at their default values:
•
BSB = FFh
•
SBV = FCh
•
SSB = FFh (NO_SECURITY)
The full chip erase is always executed whatever the Software Security Byte value is.
The Block erase command erases only a part of the Flash.
Three Blocks are defined in the AT89C51AC3:
•
block0 (From 0000h to 1FFFh)
•
block1 (From 2000h to 3FFFh)
•
block2 (From 4000h to 7FFFh)
•
block3 (From 8000h to BFFFh)
•
block4 (From C000h to FFFFh)
Requests from Host
Command Name
Record
Type
Load
Offset
Length
Data[0]
Data[1]
Erase block0 (0k to 8k)
00h
Erase block1 (8k to 16k)
20h
Erase block2 (16k to 32k)
02h
03h
01h
40h
x
Erase block3 (32k to 48k)
80h
Erase block4 (48k to 64k)
C0h
Full chip erase
Answers from Bootloader
Record
01h
07h
-
As the Program Configuration Information flows, the erase block command has three
possible answers:
•
‘.’ & ‘CR’ & ’LF’ when the data are programmed
•
‘X’ & ‘CR’ & ‘LF’ if the checksum is wrong
•
‘P’ & ‘CR’ & ‘LF’ if the Security is set
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Flow Description
Bootloader
Host
Erase Command
Send Erase Command
Wait Erase Command
OR
Checksum error
Wait Checksum Error
’X’ & CR & LF
Send Checksum error
COMMAND ABORTED
NO_SECURITY
OR
Wait Security Error
’P’ & CR & LF
Send Security error
COMMAND ABORTED
Wait Erasing
’.’ & CR & LF
Wait COMMAND_OK
Send COMMAND_OK
COMMAND FINISHED
Example
Full Chip Erase
HOST
: 01 0000 03 07 F5
BOOTLOADER
: 01 0000 03 07 F5 . CR LF
Erase Block1(8k to 16k)
HOST
: 02 0000 03 01 20 DA
BOOTLOADER
: 02 0000 03 01 20 DA . CR LF
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Start the Application
The flow described below allows to start the application directly from the bootloader
upon a specific command reception.
Two options are possible:
•
Start the application with a reset pulse generation (using watchdog).
When the device receives this command the watchdog is enabled and the
bootloader enters a waiting loop until the watchdog resets the device.
Take care that if an external reset chip is used the reset pulse in output may be
wrong and in this case the reset sequence is not correctly executed.
•
Start the application without reset
A jump at the address 0000h is used to start the application without reset.
Requests from Host
Command Name
Record
type
Load
Offset
03h
x
Record
Length
Start application with a reset
pulse generation
02h
Start application with a jump
at “address”
Answer from Bootloader
Data[0]
Data[1]
Data[2]
Data[3]
00h
-
-
03h
04h
01h
Address
No answer is returned by the device.
Example
Start Application with reset pulse
HOST
: 02 0000 03 03 00 F8
BOOTLOADER
: 02 0000 03 03 00 F8
Start Application without reset at address 0000h
HOST
: 04 0000 03 03 01 00 00 F5
BOOTLOADER
: 04 0000 03 03 01 00 00 F5
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In-Application
Programming/SelfProgramming
The IAP allows to reprogram a microcontroller on-chip Flash memory without removing
it from the system and while the embedded application is running.
The user application can call some Application Programming Interface (API) routines
allowing IAP. These API are executed by the bootloader.
To call the corresponding API, the user must use a set of Flash_api routines which can
be linked with the application.
Example of Flash_api routines are available on the Atmel web site on the software
package:
C Flash Drivers for the AT89C51AC3
The Flash_api routines on the package work only with the UART bootloader.
The Flash_api routines are listed in Appendix-2.
API Call
Process
The application selects an API by setting R1, ACC, DPTR0 and DPTR1 registers.
All calls are made through a common interface “USER_CALL” at the address FFF0h.
The jump at the USER_CALL must be done by LCALL instruction to be able to comeback in the application.
Before jump at the USER_CALL, the bit ENBOOT in AUXR1 register must be set.
Constraints
The interrupts are not disabled by the bootloader.
Interrupts must be disabled by user prior to jump to the USER_CALL, then re-enabled
when returning.
Interrupts must also be disabled before accessing EEPROM Data then re-enabled after.
The user must take care of hardware watchdog before launching a Flash operation.
For more information regarding the Flash writing time see the AT89C51AC3 datasheet.
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API Commands
Read/Program Flash and
EEPROM Data Memory
Several types of APIs are available:
•
Read/Program Flash and EEPROM Data memory
•
Read Configuration and Manufacturer Information
•
Program Configuration Information
•
Erase Flash
•
Start bootloader
All routines to access EEPROM Data are managed directly from the application without
using bootloader resources.
To read the Flash memory the bootloader is not involved.
For more details on these routines see the AT89C51AC3 datasheet sections “Program/Code Memory” and “EEPROM Data Memory”
Two routines are available to program the Flash:
–
__api_wr_code_byte
–
__api_wr_code_page
•
The application program load the column latches of the Flash then call the
__api_wr_code_byte or __api_wr_code_page see datasheet in section
“Program/Code Memory”.
•
Parameter settings
API_name
__api_wr_code_byte
__api_wr_code_page
•
•
DPTR0
DPTR1
Acc
02h
Address in
Flash
memory to
write
-
Value to write
09h
Address of
the first Byte
to program in
the Flash
memory
Address in
XRAM of the
first data to
program
Number of Byte
to program
instruction: LCALL FFF0h.
Note:
Read Configuration and
Manufacturer Information
R1
No special resources are used by the bootloader during this operation
Parameter settings
API_name
R1
DPTR0
DPTR1
Acc
__api_rd_HSB
0Bh
0000h
x
return HSB
__api_rd_BSB
07h
0001h
x
return BSB
__api_rd_SBV
07h
0002h
x
return SBV
__api_rd_SSB
07h
0000h
x
return SSB
__api_rd_EB
07h
0006h
x
return EB
__api_rd_manufacturer
00h
0000h
x
return
manufacturer id
__api_rd_device_id1
00h
0001h
x
return id1
20
4386A–8051–10/04
API_name
R1
DPTR0
DPTR1
Acc
__api_rd_device_id2
00h
0002h
x
return id2
__api_rd_device_id3
00h
0003h
x
return id3
__api_rd_bootloader_version
0Fh
0000h
x
return value
•
Instruction: LCALL FFF0h.
•
At the complete API execution by the bootloader, the value to read is in the
api_value variable.
Note:
Program Configuration
Information
•
•
No special resources are used by the bootloader during this operation
Parameter settings
API Name
R1
DPTR0
DPTR1
Acc
__api_set_X2
0Ah
0008h
x
00h
__api_clr_X2
0Ah
0008h
x
01h
__api_set_BLJB
0Ah
0004h
x
00h
__api_clr_BLJB
0Ah
0004h
x
01h
__api_wr_BSB
06h
0000h
x
value to write
__api_wr_SBV
06h
0001h
x
value to write
__api_wr_EB
06h
0006h
x
value to write
__api_wr_SSB_LEVEL0
05h
FFh
x
x
__api_wr_SSB_LEVEL1
05h
FEh
x
x
__api_wr_SSB_LEVEL2
05h
FCh
x
x
instruction: LCALL FFF0h.
Note:
1. See in the AT89C51AC3 datasheet the time that a write operation takes.
2. No special resources are used by the bootloader during these operations
21
4386A–8051–10/04
Erase Flash
The AT89C51AC3 flash memory is divided in several blocks:
Block 0: from address 0000h to 1FFFh
Block 1: from address 2000h to 3FFFh
Block 2: from address 4000h to 7FFFh
These three blocks contain 128 pages.
•
Parameter settings
API name
DPTR0
DPTR1
Acc
__api_erase_block0
0000h
x
x
__api_erase_block1
2000h
x
x
4000h
x
x
__api_erase_block3
8000h
x
x
__api_erase_block4
C000h
x
x
__api_erase_block2
•
R1
01h
instruction: LCALL FFF0h.
Note:
1. See the AT89C51AC3 datasheet for the time that a write operation takes and this
time must multiply by the number of pages.
2. No special resources are used by the bootloader during these operations
Start Bootloader
This routine allows to start at the beginning of the bootloader as after a reset. After calling this routine the regular boot process is performed and the communication must be
opened before any action.
•
No special parameter setting
•
Set bit ENBOOT in AUXR1 register
•
instruction: LJUMP or LCALL at address F800h
22
4386A–8051–10/04
APPENDIX-A
Table 3. Summary of Frames from Host
Command
Record
Type
Record
Length
Offset
Data[0]
Data[1]
Data[2]
Data[3]
Data[4]
nb of data
start
address
x
x
x
x
x
Erase block0 (0000h-1FFFh)
00h
-
-
-
Erase block1 (2000h-3FFFh)
20h
-
-
-
40h
-
-
-
Erase block3 (8000h-BFFFh)
80h
-
-
-
Erase block4 (C000h-FFFFh)
C0h
-
-
-
00h
-
-
-
Program Nb Data Byte in Flash.
00h
Erase block2 (4000h-7FFFh)
(up to 80h)
02h
Start application with a reset pulse
generation
02h
x
01h
x
03h
Start application with a jump at
“address”
Erase SBV & BSB
04h
03h
Program SSB level 1
x
x
02h
01h
04h
x
address
-
00h
-
-
-
00h
-
-
-
05h
Program SSB level 2
x
01h
-
-
-
Program BSB
x
00h
value
-
-
01h
value
-
-
06h
value
-
-
-
-
-
-
04h
bit value
-
-
08h
bit value
-
-
Program SBV
03h
Program EB
x
06h
x
Full Chip Erase
01h
Program bit BLJB
x
07h
x
03h
Program bit X2
0Ah
x
Read Flash
Blank Check
00h
04h
05h
x
Start Address
End Address
01h
Read EEPROM Data
02h
Read Manufacturer Code
00h
-
-
-
01h
-
-
-
Read Product Name
02h
-
-
-
Read Product Revision
03h
-
-
-
Read SSB
00h
-
-
-
01h
-
-
-
Read SBV
02h
-
-
-
Read EB
06h
-
-
-
00h
-
-
-
00h
-
-
-
01h
-
-
-
0Fh
00h
-
-
-
x
x
x
x
x
Read Family Code
00h
Read BSB
05h
02h
x
Read Hardware Byte
07h
0Bh
Read Device Boot ID1
0Eh
Read Device Boot ID2
Read Bootloader Version
Program Nb Data byte in EEPROM
00h
nb of data
(up to 80h)
start
address
23
4386A–8051–10/04
APPENDIX-B
Table 4. API Summary
Function Name
Bootloader
Execution
__api_rd_code_byte
no
__api_wr_code_byte
yes
R1
DPTR0
DPTR1
Acc
02h
Address in
Flash memory
to write
-
Value to write
Address in
XRAM of the
first data to
program
Number of Byte to
program
__api_wr_code_page
yes
09h
Address of the
first Byte to
program in the
Flash memory
__api_erase_block0
yes
01h
0000h
x
x
__api_erase_block1
yes
01h
2000h
x
x
__api_erase_block2
yes
01h
4000h
x
x
__api_erase_block3
yes
01h
8000h
x
x
__api_erase_block4
yes
01h
C000h
x
x
__api_rd_HSB
yes
0Bh
0000h
x
return value
__api_set_X2
yes
0Ah
0008h
x
00h
__api_clr_X2
yes
0Ah
0008h
x
01h
__api_set_BLJB
yes
0Ah
0004h
x
00h
__api_clr_BLJB
yes
0Ah
0004h
x
01h
__api_rd_BSB
yes
07h
0001h
x
return value
__api_wr_BSB
yes
06h
0000h
x
value
__api_rd_SBV
yes
07h
0002h
x
return value
__api_wr_SBV
yes
06h
0001h
x
value
__api_erase_SBV
yes
06h
0001h
x
FCh
__api_rd_SSB
yes
07h
0000h
x
return value
__api_wr_SSB_level0
yes
05h
00FFh
x
x
__api_wr_SSB_level1
yes
05h
00FEh
x
x
__api_wr_SSB_level2
yes
05h
00FCh
x
x
__api_rd_EB
yes
07h
0006h
x
return value
__api_wr_EB
yes
06h
0006h
x
value
__api_rd_manufacturer
yes
00h
0000h
x
return value
__api_rd_device_id1
yes
00h
0001h
x
return value
__api_rd_device_id2
yes
00h
0002h
x
return value
__api_rd_device_id3
yes
00h
0003h
x
return value
__api_rd_bootloader_version
yes
0Fh
0000h
x
return value
__api_eeprom_busy
no
24
4386A–8051–10/04
Table 4. API Summary (Continued)
Function Name
Bootloader
Execution
__api_rd_eeprom_byte
no
__api_wr_eeprom_byte
no
__api_start_bootloader
no
R1
DPTR0
DPTR1
Acc
25
4386A–8051–10/04
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