Motor driver ICs FDD spindle motor driver BA6477FS The BA6477FS is a one-chip IC designed for driving FDD spindle motors. This high-performance IC employs a 3-phase, full-wave soft switching drive system, and contains a digital servo, an index amplifier, and a power save circuit. The compactly packaged IC reduces the number of external components required. Applications Floppy disk drivers Features 1) 3-phase, full-wave soft switching drive system. 2) Digital servo circuit. 3) Power save circuit. Absolute maximum ratings (Ta = 25C) Recommended operating conditions (Ta = 25C) 532 4) Hall power supply switch. 5) Motor speed changeable. 6) Index amplifier. Motor driver ICs BA6477FS Block diagram 533 Motor driver ICs Pin descriptions 534 BA6477FS Motor driver ICs BA6477FS Input / output circuits (1) Index input (1, 2 pin) (2) FG amplifier (35 pin) (3) Speed control (6 pin) (4) External clock input (7 pin) 535 Motor driver ICs BA6477FS (5) Motor output (1115 pin) (6) Hall bias (16 pin) (7) Hall input (1722 pin) (8) Integrating amplifier (28, 29 pin) (9) Speed discriminator output (30 pin) 536 (10) Start / stop (31 pin) (11) Index output (32 pin) Motor driver ICs BA6477FS Electrical characteristics (unless otherwise noted, Ta = 25C, VCC = 5V) 537 Motor driver ICs FCircuit operation (1) Motor drive circuit The motor driver is based on a 3-phase, full-wave soft switching, current drive system in which the position of rotor is sensed by Hall elements. The total drive current of motor is sensed by a small resistor (RNF) and regulated through a voltage comparison. The IC consists of Hall amplifiers, an amplitude control circuit, a driver, an error amplifier, and a current feedback amplifier (Fig. 1). The waveforms of different steps along the signal path from the Hall elements to the motor driver output are shown in Fig. 2. The Hall amplifiers receive the Hall elements voltage signals as differential signals. Next, by deducting the voltage signal of Hall elements 2 from the voltage signal of Hall elements 1, current signal H1, which has a phase 30 degrees ahead of Hall elements 1, is created. Current signals H2 and H3 are created likewise. The amplitude control circuit then amplifies the H1, H2, and H3 signal according to the current feedback amplifier signal. Then, drive current signals are produced at A1, A2, and A3 by applying a constant magnification factor. Because a soft switching system is employed, the drive current has low noise and a low total current ripple. The total drive current is controlled by the error amplifier input voltage. The error amplifier has a voltage gain of about –11dB (a factor of 0.28). The current feedback amplifier regulates the total drive current, so that the error amplifier output voltage (V1) is equal to the VRNF voltage, which has been voltage-converted from the total drive current through the RNF pin. If V1 exceeds the current limiter voltage (Vcl), the constant voltage Vcl takes precedence, and a current limit is applied at the level of Vcl / RNF. The current feedback amplifier tends to oscillate because it receives all the feedback with a gain of 0dB. To prevent this oscillation, connect an external capacitor to the CNF pin for phase compensation and for reducing the high frequency gain. (2) Speed control circuit The speed control circuit is a non-adjustable digital servo system that uses a frequency locked loop (FLL). The circuit consists of an 1 / 2 frequency divider, an FG amplifier, and a speed discriminator (Fig. 3). An internal reference is generated from an external clock signal input. The 1 / 2 frequency divider reduces the frequency of the OSC signal. The FG amplifier amplifies the 538 BA6477FS minute voltage generated by the motor FG pattern and produces a rectangular-shaped speed signal. The FG amplifier gain (GFG = 42dB, typical) is determined by the internal resistance ratio. For noise filtering, a high-pass filter is given by C3 and a resistor of 1.6kΩ (typical), and a low-pass filter is given by C4 and a resistor of 200kΩ (typical). The cutoff frequencies of high-pass and low-pass filters (fH and fL, respectively) are given by: fH = 2π 1 1.6kΩ fL = C3 2π 1 200kΩ C4 The C3 and C4 capacitances should be set so as to satisfy the following relationship: fHtfFGtfL where fFG is the FG frequency. Note that the FG amplifier inputs have a hysteresis. The speed discriminator divides the reference clock and compares with the reference frequency, and then outputs an error pulse according to the frequency difference. The motor rotational speed N is given in the following formula. N = 60 S fosc n S 1 z (1) fosc is the reference clock frequency, 2, n is (speed discriminator count) z is the FG tooth number. The discriminator count depends on the speed control pin voltage. The integrator flattens out the error pulse of the speed discriminator and creates a control signal for the motor drive circuit (Fig. 4). (3) Index amplifier The index amplifier is a hysteresis amplifier with a typical hysteresis width of +18mV and –22mV. The input pin is not biased internally. Motor driver ICs (4) Other circuits S Start / stop circuit The start / stop circuit puts the IC to the operating state when the control pin is LOW, and to the standby state (circuit current is nearly zero) when the control pin is HIGH. The Hall elements bias switch, which is linked to the start / stop circuit, is turned off during the standby state, so that the Hall device current is shut down. BA6477FS S Thermal shutdown circuit This circuit shuts down the IC currents when the chip junction temperature is increased to about 175_C (typical). The thermal shutdown circuit is deactivated when the temperature drops to about 155_C (typical). FCircuit operation 539 Motor driver ICs 540 BA6477FS Motor driver ICs Operation notes (1) Thermal shutdown circuit This circuit shuts down all the IC currents when the chip junction temperature is increased to about 175C (typical). The thermal shutdown circuit is deactivated when the temperature drops to about 155C (typical). (2) Hall elements connection Hall elements can be connected in either series or parallel. When connecting in series, care must be taken not to allow the Hall output to exceed the Hall common-mode input range. (3) Hall input level Switching noise may occur if the Hall input voltage (pins 1722) is too high. Differential inputs of about 100mVP-P are recommended. BA6477FS (4) Driver ground pin (pin 14) Pin 14, which is the motor current ground pin, is not connected to the signal ground pin (pin 26). Design a proper conductor pattern in consideration of the motor current that flows through pin 14. (5) External clock Make sure that the pin7 voltage is always less than VCC and more than the ground voltage. 541 Motor driver ICs Application example 542 BA6477FS Motor driver ICs BA6477FS Electrical characteristic curves External dimensions (Units: mm) 543