MAXIM MAX1947ETA18

19-3086; Rev 0; 5/04
KIT
ATION
EVALU
E
L
B
A
AVAIL
Low Input/Output Voltage
Step-Up DC-DC Converter with RESET
Applications
MP3 Players, Pagers, and CD Players
Features
♦ Low Input (0.7V) and Output (1.8V) Voltage
Capability
♦ Internal Synchronous Rectifier
♦ High 94% Efficiency
♦ Fixed Output Voltages: 1.8V, 2.5V, 3V, and 3.3V
♦ Up to 2MHz Switching Allows Small External
Components and Low Output Ripple
♦ Automatic Pulse Skipping at Light Loads for
Extended Battery Life
♦ Low 70µA (typ) Operating Supply Current
(Measured at OUT)
♦ Low 2µA Logic-Controlled Shutdown
♦ True Shutdown Fully Discharges Output to
Ground
♦ Uses Only Small Ceramic Capacitors
♦ 75ms RESET Output Flag
PDAs and Organizers
Ordering Information
Digital Still Cameras
Cordless Phones
PART
Wireless Mice/Keyboards
TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE
MAX1947ETAxy* -40°C to +85°C 8 TDFN 3mm x 3mm
*xy represents the output voltage code (e.g., 18 =1.8V).
Standard output voltages include 3.3V (33), 3.0V (30), 2.5V
(25), and 1.8V (18). Contact the factory for other output voltages
in 100mV increments between 1.8V and 3.3V; the minimum
order quantity is 25,000 units.
Portable Medical Equipment
Other Battery-Powered Systems
Pin Configuration
Typical Application Circuit
VIN
+0.7V TO +VOUT
4.7µH
TOP VIEW
2.2µF
VOUT
+1.8V, +2.5V,
+3.0V, +3.3V
LX
BATT
OUT
MAX1947
SHDN
10µF
PGND
RESET
1
GND
2
8
BATT
7
OUT
MAX1947
GND
3
6
LX
SHDN
4
5
PGND
RESET
GND
TDFN
3mm x 3mm
True Shutdown is a trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at
1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.
1
MAX1947
General Description
The MAX1947 is a compact, high-efficiency, step-up DCDC converter that regulates output voltages from 1.8V to
3.3V to power µP/DSP cores, memory, and I/O rails in 1and 2-cell alkaline/NiMH/NiCd battery-powered systems.
It features an internal 800mA switch and synchronous
rectifier to achieve up to 94% efficiency and to eliminate
the need for an external Schottky diode.
High-frequency switching (up to 2MHz) results in low
ripple and small external components, while automatic
pulse skipping at light loads reduces supply current to
just 70µA for extended battery life. Maxim’s proprietary
True Shutdown™ reduces supply current to just 2µA
and fully discharges the output to ground. The converter is offered in fixed-output voltages of 1.8V, 2.5V, 3.0V,
and 3.3V, requiring no feedback or compensation network. A 75ms RESET output flag provides for power-on
reset (POR) and undervoltage detection. The MAX1947
is available in a space-saving 8-pin TDFN package.
MAX1947
Low Input/Output Voltage
Step-Up DC-DC Converter with RESET
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
BATT, OUT, SHDN to GND ...................................-0.3V to +4.0V
RESET to GND..........................................-0.3V to (VOUT + 0.3V)
PGND to GND .......................................................-0.3V to +0.3V
Switch Current (ILX, IOUT, IPGND) (Note 1) .................-1A to +1A
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C)
8-Pin TDFN (derate 24.4mW/°C
above +70°C)..........................................................1951.2mW
Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40°C to +85°C
Junction Temperature ......................................................+150°C
Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C
Note 1: LX has internal clamp diodes to PGND and OUT. Applications that forward bias these diodes should take care not to exceed the
IC’s package power-dissipation limits.
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VBATT = 1.5V, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 2)
PARAMETER
Minimum Startup Voltage
CONDITIONS
MIN
RLOAD = 1kΩ, TA = +25°C
Startup-Voltage Temperature
Coefficient
Maximum Input Operating
Voltage
Load Regulation
MAX
UNITS
0.8
0.95
V
-2.1
(Note 3)
mV/°C
3.6
Minimum Input Operating Voltage
Output Voltage
TYP
0.7
V
MAX1947ETA18, ILOAD = 40mA
1.74
1.8
1.86
MAX1947ETA25, ILOAD = 32mA
2.42
2.5
2.58
MAX1947ETA30, ILOAD = 25mA
2.9
3.0
3.1
MAX1947ETA33, ILOAD = 25mA
3.2
3.3
3.4
No load to full load
VBATT = 1V
Full-Load Output Current
VBATT = 1.8V
1.2
MAX1947ETA18
160
273
MAX1947ETA25
130
214
MAX1947ETA30
100
185
MAX1947ETA33
100
169
MAX1947ETA25
240
380
MAX1947ETA30
200
361
MAX1947ETA33
200
329
V
V
%
mA
Supply Current into BATT
No switching
2
4
µA
Supply Current into OUT
No switching
70
110
µA
LX Switch Maximum On-Time
0.7
1
1.3
µs
LX Switch Minimum Off-Time
0.2
0.25
0.3
µs
Maximum On-Time to Minimum
Off-Time Ratio
3.6
4
4.6
Frequency in Startup
2
650
_______________________________________________________________________________________
kHz
Low Input/Output Voltage
Step-Up DC-DC Converter with RESET
MAX1947
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(VBATT = 1.5V, TA = -40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 2)
PARAMETER
Startup to Normal-Mode Output
Transition Voltage
NFET Current Limit
PFET Turn-Off Current
Internal NFET
On-Resistance
CONDITIONS
50mV hysteresis, rising edge
MAX
UNITS
1.40
1.62
1.73
V
600
800
1000
TA = -40°C to +85°C
580
800
1000
TA = 0°C to +85°C
15
75
150
TA = -40°C to +85°C
10
75
150
MAX1947ETA18
0.3
0.6
MAX1947ETA25
0.22
0.44
MAX1947ETA30
0.17
0.34
MAX1947ETA33
0.15
0.3
MAX1947ETA18
0.5
1.0
MAX1947ETA25
0.35
0.7
MAX1947ETA30
0.28
0.56
MAX1947ETA33
0.25
0.5
TA = +25°C
0.1
1
TA = +85°C
1
ILX = 100mA
SHDN = GND, VOUT = 0V,
VLX = 3.6V
LX Leakage Current
TYP
TA = 0°C to +85°C
ILX = 100mA
Internal PFET
On-Resistance
MIN
mA
mA
Ω
Ω
µA
SHUTDOWN MODE
Shutdown Supply Current
SHDN = GND
VIH
SHDN Input Voltage
2
OUT Discharge Resistance in
Shutdown
µA
V
0.18 x
VBATT
VIL
SHDN Input Bias Current
4
0.8 x
VBATT
SHDN = OUT or GND, TA = +25°C
1
SHDN = OUT or GND, TA = +85°C
5
SHDN = GND
100
nA
500
1000
Ω
90
93
%
RESET OUTPUT
Reset OUT Voltage Trip Level
VOUT falling, 1% hysteresis
Minimum VOUT for Valid Reset
87
0.9
Reset Timeout
65
RESET Output Voltage
ISINK = 200µA
ISOURCE = 200µA
V
140
235
0.3
0.8 x VOUT
ms
V
Note 2: Limits are 100% production tested at TA = +25°C. Limits over the operating temperature range are guaranteed by design.
Note 3: When BATT is greater than the output-voltage set point, the part is in track mode (see the Track Mode section).
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3
Typical Operating Characteristics
(VIN = 1.5V, Circuit of Typical Application Circuit, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX1947ETA25
EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT
100
VIN = 1.6V
95
VIN = 1.25V
80
75
VIN = 1V
VIN = 1.25V
VIN = 1V
75
80
70
65
65
60
60
100
60
1000
0.1
1
10
100
1000
0.1
1
10
100
1000
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
MAX1947ETA33
EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT
MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT
vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
NO-LOAD INPUT CURRENT
vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
85
80
75
VIN = 1.25V
VIN = 1V
70
65
VOUT = 2.5V
800
VOUT = 1.8V
600
400
200
500
1
10
100
300
VOUT = 2.5V
200
1.2
1.7
2.2
2.7
3.2
3.7
0.7
1.2
1.7
2.2
2.7
3.2
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
STARTUP VOLTAGE
vs. LOAD CURRENT
STARTUP VOLTAGE
vs. TEMPERATURE
SHUTDOWN THRESHOLD
vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
VOUT = 2.5V
1.4
VOUT = 3.3V
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
RLOAD = 1kΩ
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
RLOAD = 0Ω
0.4
0.3
60
80
100
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
120
140
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.2
0
40
2.0
3.7
MAX1947toc09
VOUT = 1.8V
0.9
SHUTDOWN THRESHOLD (V)
1.8
1.0
STARTUP VOLTAGE (V)
VOUT = 3.0V
MAX1947toc08
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
2.0
20
VOUT = 1.8V
0
0.7
1000
MAX1947toc07
0.1
VOUT = 3.3V
400
100
VOUT = 3.3V
0
60
MAX1947toc06
MAX1947toc05
VOUT = 3.0V
1000
600
INPUT CURRENT (µA)
90
1200
MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
MAX1947toc04
95
0
VIN = 1V
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
VIN = 2.5V
VIN = 1.8V
1.6
VIN = 1.25V
75
70
100
EFFICIENCY (%)
80
85
65
10
VIN = 1.8V
90
85
70
1
VIN = 2.5V
95
EFFICIENCY (%)
85
0.1
4
VIN = 1.6V
90
EFFICIENCY (%)
EFFICIENCY (%)
90
100
MAX1947toc02
95
MAX1947toc01
100
MAX1947ETA30
EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT
MAX1947toc03
MAX1947ETA18
EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT
STARTUP VOLTAGE (V)
MAX1947
Low Input/Output Voltage
Step-Up DC-DC Converter with RESET
0
-40
-15
10
35
TEMPERATURE (°C)
60
85
0.7
1.2
1.7
2.2
2.7
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3.2
3.7
Low Input/Output Voltage
Step-Up DC-DC Converter with RESET
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs. LOAD CURRENT
1.80
1.78
1.80
1.78
MAX1947toc12
1.82
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
1.82
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
1.82
1.84
MAX1947toc11
1.84
MAX1947toc10
1.84
1.80
1.78
1.76
1.76
1.76
1.74
1.74
1.74
ILOAD = 40mA
150
200
250
300
350
0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
-40
-15
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
HEAVY-LOAD SWITCHING WAVEFORMS
VOUT
(AC-COUPLED)
50mV/div
VOUT
(AC-COUPLED)
50mV/div
VIN
(AC-COUPLED)
2V/div
VLX
IL
500mA/div
85
50mV/div
50mV/div
2V/div
IL
500mA/div
2µs/div
LINE-TRANSIENT WAVEFORMS
LOAD-TRANSIENT WAVEFORMS
1.5V
1V
50mV/div
10µs/div
60
VLX
2µs/div
VOUT
(AC-COUPLED)
35
LIGHT-LOAD SWITCHING WAVEFORMS
VIN
(AC-COUPLED)
VIN
10
TEMPERATURE (°C)
MAX1947toc14
100
MAX1947toc16
50
MAX1947toc13
0
MAX1947toc15
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs. TEMPERATURE
NO-LOAD OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
ILOAD
VOUT
(AC-COUPLED)
200mA/div
50mV/div
10µs/div
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5
MAX1947
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VIN = 1.5V, Circuit of Typical Application Circuit, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VIN = 1.5V, Circuit of Typical Application Circuit, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
EXITING AND ENTERING
SHUTDOWN WAVEFORMS
POWER-ON RESET WAVEFORMS
MAX1947toc18
MAX1947toc17
MAX1947
Low Input/Output Voltage
Step-Up DC-DC Converter with RESET
VIN
1V/div
VOUT
1V/div
VRESET
1V/div
VRESET
1V/div
VOUT
1V/div
VSHDN
1V/div
20ms/div
20ms/div
Pin Description
PIN
NAME
FUNCTION
1
RESET
2
GND
Ground. Connect to exposed paddle.
3
GND
Ground. Connect to exposed paddle.
4
SHDN
Shutdown Input. Connect to BATT or logic 1 for normal operation. Connect to GND or logic 0 for a low
quiescent-current shutdown mode.
5
PGND
Power Ground. Connect to exposed paddle.
6
LX
7
OUT
Regulator Output. Bypass with 10µF ceramic capacitor to GND for full-load capability. For less than
50% of full load, a 4.7µF capacitor can be used.
8
BATT
Battery Connection. VBATT is used for the startup oscillator and to power the chip when VOUT < VBATT.
—
EP
Active-Low Push-Pull Reset Output. RESET goes high 75ms (min) after the output voltage has
exceeded 90% of its final value. The RESET output is valid for output voltages as low as 0.9V. RESET
is driven low in shutdown.
Inductor Connection to the Drains of the Internal N-Channel Switch and P-Channel Synchronous
Rectifier
Exposed Paddle. Connect to GND and PGND.
Detailed Description
The MAX1947 compact step-up DC-DC converter starts
up with voltages as low as 0.8V and operates with input
voltages down to 0.7V. An internal synchronous rectifier
reduces cost by eliminating the need for an external
Schottky diode and improves overall efficiency by
reducing losses in the circuit. The efficiency is further
6
increased with the low 70µA quiescent current and low
on-resistance of the internal n-channel MOSFET power
switch. The MAX1947 uses Maxim’s proprietary True
Shutdown circuitry, which disconnects the output from
the input in shutdown and actively discharges the
output to ground.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Low Input/Output Voltage
Step-Up DC-DC Converter with RESET
BATT
RESET
75ms TIMER
STARTUP
OSCILLATOR
0.9 x REF
OUT
SHDN
SHUTDOWN
CIRCUITRY
ERROR
AMPLIFIER
REF
P*
tON
MAX TIMER
CONTROL
LOGIC AND
GATE DRIVERS
tOFF
MIN TIMER
ZERO-CROSSING
AMPLIFIER
LX
N
REF
CURRENT-LIMIT
AMPLIFIER
1.25V REFERENCE
(REF)
PGND
MAX1947
GND
Control Scheme
The MAX1947 is a bootstrapped design. Upon turn-on,
a startup oscillator brings the output voltage high
enough to allow the main DC-DC circuitry to run. Once
the output voltage reaches 1.62V (typ) the main DC-DC
circuitry turns on and boosts the output voltage to the
final regulation point.
The unique minimum off-time, current-limited control
scheme is the key to the MAX1947’s low operating current and high efficiency over a wide load range. The
architecture combines the high output power and efficiency of a pulse-width modulation (PWM) device with
the ultra-low quiescent current of a traditional pulseskipping controller. The switching frequency can be as
high as 2MHz and depends upon the load current and
input voltage. The MAX1947 is designed to operate
using low-ESR ceramic capacitors, so output voltage
ripple due to ESR is very small (approximately 10mVP-P).
Track Mode
The MAX1947 enters track mode when BATT is greater
than the output-voltage regulation point. Track mode
can only be entered under the following conditions:
*BODY DIODE CONTROL
VBATT > VOUT, VOUT > VOUT regulation point, and the
minimum off-time expires. During track mode, the synchronous rectifier is turned on 100% of the time and the
output voltage tracks the battery voltage. Track mode is
exited by VOUT falling below the VOUT regulation point.
Synchronous Rectification
The internal synchronous rectifier eliminates the need
for an external Schottky diode, reducing cost and board
space. During the cycle off-time, the p-channel MOSFET
turns on and shunts the MOSFET body diode. As a
result, the synchronous rectifier significantly improves
efficiency without the addition of an external component. Conversion efficiency can be as high as 94%.
RESET
The MAX1947 features an active-low push-pull RESET
output for use with a microcontroller (µC). It signals the
µC when the MAX1947 output voltage is within operating limits. During startup, RESET is held low. When the
RESET threshold (90% of the output regulation voltage)
is reached, a 75ms (min) timer begins counting. RESET
is switched high once the timer expires.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7
MAX1947
Functional Diagram
MAX1947
Low Input/Output Voltage
Step-Up DC-DC Converter with RESET
Table 1. Suggested Component Values
APPLICATION
LOAD
INPUT CAPACITOR (µF)
OUTPUT CAPACITOR (µF)
INDUCTOR (µH)
1-Cell Input,
Output < 2.7V
≤50% full load
2.2
4.7
3.3
1-Cell Input,
Output > 2.7V
2-Cell Input
>50% full load
2.2
10
3.3
≤50% full load
2.2
4.7
4.7
>50% full load
2.2
10
4.7
≤50% full load
2.2
4.7
6.8
>50% full load
2.2
10
6.8
Table 2. Suggested Component Manufacturers
MANUFACTURER
Sumida
Taiyo Yuden
TDK
PART
PART NUMBER
PHONE
Inductor
CDRH3D16 series
81-3-3667-3381
www.sumida.com
Output capacitors
4.7µF JMK212BJ475MG,
10µF JMK212BJ106MG
408-573-4150
www.t-yuden.com
888-835-6646
www.TDK.com
Input capacitors
2.2µF LMK107BJ225MA
Output capacitors
4.7µF C2012X5R0J475K,
10µF C2012X5R0J106K
Input capacitors
2.2µF C1608X5R03225M
Shutdown
The MAX1947 enters shutdown mode when SHDN is
driven low. During shutdown, the synchronous rectifier
disconnects the output from the input, eliminating the DC
conduction path that normally exists with traditional boost
converters in shutdown mode. The output is actively discharged to ground through an internal 500Ω resistor. The
quiescent current is reduced to 2µA while in shutdown
mode. Drive SHDN high for normal operation. The output
reaches regulation approximately 650µs after SHDN
goes high.
Applications Information
Inductor Selection
An inductor value of 4.7µH performs well in most applications. The MAX1947 also works with inductors in the
8
WEBSITE
2.2µH to 6.8µH range. Smaller inductance values typically offer a smaller physical size for a given series
resistance, allowing the smallest overall circuit dimensions but with lower output-current capability. Circuits
using larger inductance values exhibit higher outputcurrent capability, but are larger for the same series
resistance and current rating.
The inductor’s incremental saturation current rating
should be greater than the peak switch-current limit.
However, it is generally acceptable to bias the inductor
into saturation by as much as 20%, although this
slightly reduces efficiency (see the Electrical
Characteristics for the MAX1947 NFET current limit).
Table 1 lists the suggested components for several typical applications. Also, the inductor’s DC resistance significantly affects efficiency.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Low Input/Output Voltage
Step-Up DC-DC Converter with RESET
IRIPPLE =
VOUT + ILIM × (RDS(ON)PFET + RL ) − VBATT
L / t OFF +
(RDS(ON)PFET + RL )
2
IRIPPLE


)× 
 VOUT + (ILIM −
2


 (RDS(ON)PFET + RL ) − VBATT 


D=
I

VOUT + (ILIM − RIPPLE ) ×

2

R
(
R
−
 DS(ON)PFET
DS(ON)NFET + RL )

Capacitor Selection
The MAX1947 is specifically designed for using small,
inexpensive, low-ESR ceramic capacitors. X5R and
X7R dielectrics are recommended when operating over
wide temperature ranges. Bypass the output of the
MAX1947 with 10µF when using maximum load currents. When using less than half the maximum load current capability, the output capacitor can be reduced to
4.7µF. Bypass the input with a 2.2µF or larger ceramic
capacitor. Table 1 lists the suggested values for the
input and output capacitors for typical applications.
PC Board Layout and Grounding





I
IOUTMAX = (ILIM − RIPPLE ) × (1− D)
2
Careful printed circuit-board layout is important for minimizing ground bounce and noise. Keep the IC’s GND
pins and the ground leads of the input and output filter
capacitors very close together. Connect GND and
PGND directly to the exposed paddle. In addition, keep
all connections to the OUT and LX pins as short as possible. To maximize output power and efficiency and
minimize output ripple voltage, use short, wide traces
from the input and output. A sample layout is available
in the MAX1947 evaluation kit.
Chip Information
Here, ILIM is the NFET current limit (800mA typ), tOFF is
the LX switch’s off-time (0.25µs typ), and R L is the
series resistance of the inductor.
TRANSISTOR COUNT: 5156
PROCESS: BiCMOS
_______________________________________________________________________________________
9
MAX1947
Calculate the maximum output current (IOUTMAX) using
inductor ripple current (IRIPPLE) and duty cycle (D) as
follows:
Package Information
(The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information
go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.)
6, 8, &10L, DFN THIN.EPS
MAX1947
Low Input/Output Voltage
Step-Up DC-DC Converter with RESET
D
N
PIN 1
INDEX
AREA
E
E2
DETAIL A
CL
CL
L
A
L
e
e
PACKAGE OUTLINE, 6, 8, 10 & 14L,
TDFN, EXPOSED PAD, 3x3x0.80 mm
21-0137
NUMBER OF LEADS SHOWN ARE FOR REFERENCE ONLY
F
1
2
COMMON DIMENSIONS
SYMBOL
A
MIN.
0.70
0.80
D
2.90
3.10
E
2.90
3.10
0.00
0.05
A1
L
k
MAX.
0.40
0.20
0.25 MIN.
A2
0.20 REF.
PACKAGE VARIATIONS
PKG. CODE
N
D2
E2
e
JEDEC SPEC
b
[(N/2)-1] x e
T633-1
6
1.50±0.10
2.30±0.10
0.95 BSC
MO229 / WEEA
0.40±0.05
1.90 REF
T833-1
8
1.50±0.10
2.30±0.10
0.65 BSC
MO229 / WEEC
0.30±0.05
1.95 REF
T1033-1
10
1.50±0.10
2.30±0.10
0.50 BSC
MO229 / WEED-3
0.25±0.05
2.00 REF
T1433-1
14
1.70±0.10
2.30±0.10
0.40 BSC
----
0.20±0.03
2.40 REF
T1433-2
14
1.70±0.10
2.30±0.10
0.40 BSC
----
0.20±0.03
2.40 REF
PACKAGE OUTLINE, 6, 8, 10 & 14L,
TDFN, EXPOSED PAD, 3x3x0.80 mm
21-0137
F
2
2
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implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
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