AP1501 150KHz, 3A PWM BUCK DC/DC CONVERTER General Description Features • • • • • • • • • • • • Output voltage: 3.3V, 5V, 12V and adjustable output version Adjustable version output voltage range, 1.23V to 37V+4% 150Khz +15% fixed switching frequency Voltage mode non-synchronous PWM control Thermal-shutdown and current-limit protection ON/OFF shutdown control input Operating voltage can be up to 40V Output load current: 3A TO220-5L TO220-5L(R) and TO263-5L packages Low power standby mode Built-in switching transistor on chip Lead Free Finish/RoHS Compliant (Note 1) The AP1501 series are monolithic IC that design for a step-down DC/DC converter, and own the ability of driving a 3A load without additional transistor component. Due to reducing the number of external components, the board space can be saved easily. The external shutdown function can be controlled by logic level and then come into standby mode. The internal compensation makes feedback control have good line and load regulation without external design. Regarding protected function, thermal shutdown is to prevent over temperature operating from damage, and current limit is against over current operating of the output switch. The AP1501 series operates at a switching frequency of 150KHz thus allowing smaller sized filter components than what would be needed with lower frequency switching regulators. Other features include a guaranteed +4% tolerance on output voltage under specified input voltage and output load conditions, and +15% on the oscillator frequency. The output version included fixed 3.3V, 5V, 12V, and an adjustable type. The packages are available in a standard 5-lead TO-220 package and a 5-lead TO-263. Applications • • • Simple High-efficiency step-down regulator On-card switching regulators Positive to negative converter Ordering Information AP1501 - X X X X X Package Output version Blank : Adjustable T5: TO220-5L T5R: TO220-5L(R) 33 : 3.3V K5: TO263-5L 50 : 5.0V 12 : 12V Note: Lead Free Packing L : Lead Free Package - U : Tube -13 : Taping 1. RoHS revision 13.2.2003. Glass and High Temperature Solder Exemptions Applied, see EU Directive Annex Notes 5 and 7. Device (Note 2) Lead-free Lead-free AP1501-XXT5 AP1501-XXT5R AP1501-XXK5 Package Packaging Code T5 T5R K5 TO220-5L TO220-5L(R) TO263-5L Tube/Bulk Quantity Part Number Suffix 50 50 50 -U -U -U 13” Tape and Reel Quantity Part Number Suffix NA NA 800/Tape & Reel NA NA -13 Lead-free Note: 2. Pad layout as shown on Diodes Inc. suggested pad layout document AP02001, which can be found on our website at http://www.diodes.com/datasheets/ap02001.pdf. AP1501 Rev. 1 1 of 12 www.diodes.com NOVEMBER 2006 © Diodes Incorporated AP1501 150KHz, 3A PWM BUCK DC/DC CONVERTER Pin Assignments Pin Descriptions Name ( Top View ) Metal Tab GND VIN 5 SD 4 FB 3 Gnd 2 Output 1 VIN Output Gnd TO263-5L Description Operating voltage input Switching output Ground FB Output voltage feedback control SD ON/OFF shutdown ( Top View ) 5 SD 4 FB 3 Gnd 2 Output 1 VIN TO220-5L/TO220-5L(R) AP1501 Rev. 1 2 of 12 www.diodes.com NOVEMBER 2006 © Diodes Incorporated AP1501 150KHz, 3A PWM BUCK DC/DC CONVERTER Block Diagram SD V IN 200mV Current Source bias 1.235V Reference 2.5V Regulator 220mV Start up + Comp _ _ Comp + FB _ Frequecy compensation + Amp _ Comp + Pre-driver 3A Switch Output 150kHz OSC. Thermal Shutdown Gnd Absolute Maximum Ratings Symbol Parameter Rating Unit +45 V VCC Supply Voltage VSD ON/OFF Pin input Voltage -0.3 to +40 V VFB Feedback Pin Voltage -0.3 to +40 V VOUT Output Voltage to Ground -1 V PD TST TOP Power Dissipation Internally limited Storage Temperature Operating Junction Temperature TmJ Maximum Junction Temperature VOP Operating Voltage AP1501 Rev. 1 -65 to +150 -40 to +125 o 150 o +4.5 to +40 3 of 12 www.diodes.com W o C C C V NOVEMBER 2006 © Diodes Incorporated AP1501 150KHz, 3A PWM BUCK DC/DC CONVERTER Electrical Characteristics (All Output Voltage Versions) Unless otherwise specified, VIN = 12V for 3.3V, 5V, adjustable version and VIN = 24V for the 12V version. ILOAD = 0.5A Specifications with boldface type are for full operating temperature range, the other type are for TA = 25ºC. Symbol IFB Parameter Feedback Bias Current FOSC Oscillator Frequency VSAT Saturation Voltage DC Max. Duty Cycle(ON) Min. Duty cycle(OFF) ICL Current Limit IL IQ ISTBY VIL VIH IH IL Output Leakage Output = -1 Current Quiescent Current Standby Quiescent Current Output = 0 ON/OFF pin Logic Input Threshold Voltage ON/OFF Pin Logic Input Current ON/OFF Pin Input Current θJC Thermal Resistance θJA Thermal Resistance with Copper area of Approximately 3 in2 AP1501 Rev. 1 Conditions VFB = 1.3V (Adjustable version only) Min. 40 127 110 IOUT = 3A No outside circuit VFB = 0V force driver on VFB = 0V force driver on VFB = 12V force driver off Peak current no outside circuit VFB = 0V force driver on No outside circuit VFB = 12V force driver off VIN = 40V VFB = 12V force driver off ON/OFF pin = 5V VIN = 40V Low (regulator ON) High (regulator OFF) Typ. 150 1.3 Max. 60 100 173 173 1.4 5.5 3.6 4.0 2 5 150 2.0 A 6.5 200 uA 60 10 250 300 0.6 mA mA uA 1.3 V VLOGIC = 0.5V (ON) 0.02 5 TO220-5L TO263-5L TO220-5L 2.5 3.5 28 4 of 12 www.diodes.com V % 25 Junction to Ambient Khz 100 0 15 TO263-5L nA 1.5 VLOGIC = 2.5V (OFF) Junction to Case Unit uA 23 o C/W o C/W NOVEMBER 2006 © Diodes Incorporated AP1501 150KHz, 3A PWM BUCK DC/DC CONVERTER Electrical Characteristics (Continued) Specifications with boldface type are for full operating temperature range, the other type are for TA = 25ºC. Symbol AP1501-ADJ VFB η AP1501-3.3V AP1501-5V AP1501-12V AP1501 Rev. 1 VOUT η VOUT η VOUT η Parameter Conditions 4.5V < VIN < 40V 0.2A < ILOAD < 3A Output Feedback VOUT programmed for 3V Efficiency VIN = 12V, ILOAD = 3A Output Voltage 4.75V < VIN < 40V 0.2A < ILOAD < 3A Efficiency VIN = 12V, ILOAD = 3A Output Voltage 7V < VIN < 40V 0.2A < ILOAD < 3A Efficiency VIN = 12V, ILOAD = 3A Output Voltage 15V < VIN < 40V 0.2A < ILOAD < 3A Efficiency VIN = 15V, ILOAD = 3A 5 of 12 www.diodes.com VMin Typ VMax Unit 1.193 1.18 1.23 1.267 1.28 V 73 3.168 3.135 3.3 % 3.432 3.465 73 4.8 4.75 5 % 5.2 5.25 80 11.52 11.4 12 90 V V % 12.48 12.6 V % NOVEMBER 2006 © Diodes Incorporated AP1501 150Khz, 3A PWM BUCK DC/DC CONVERTER Typical Performance Characteristics Typical Performance Characteristics Normalized Output Voltage Efficiency 100 5.10 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) VIN =20V, I LOAD=3A Normalized at TJ=25oC 95 EFFICIENCY (%) 5.05 5.00 4.95 3A Load 90 85 5V 80 75 3.3V 70 4.90 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 65 125 8 10 Switch Saturation Voltage SWITCH CURRENT LIMIT (A) SATURATION VOLTAGE (V) 1.00 1 0.60 40 VIN=12V, VOUT=5V 5.00 4.50 4.00 2 3 3.50 0.5 2 1 3 -50 -25 200.0 20.0 160.0 CURRENT (uA) 25.0 Switch ON 10.0 Switch OFF 5.0 25 50 75 100 125 Shutdown Quiescent Current Operating Quiescent Current 15.0 0 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE( oC) SWITCH CURRENT(A) SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 35 TEMPERATURE( oC) 5.50 1.20 0.80 30 25 Switch Current Limit 1 : -40 oC 2 : 25 oC 3 : 125 oC 1.40 20 JUNCTION JUNCTION TEMPERATURE( oC) 1.60 15 120.0 80.0 1 2 VON/OFF=5V 1 : -40 oC 2 : 25 oC 3 : 125 oC 3 40.0 0.0 -50 -25 0 JUNCTION AP1501 Rev. 1 25 50 75 100 125 TEMPERATURE( oC) 0.0 10 20 30 40 SUPPLY VOLOTAGE (V) 6 of 12 www.diodes.com NOVEMBER 2006 © Diodes Incorporated AP1501 150KHz, 3A PWM BUCK DC/DC CONVERTER Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued) ON/OFF Threshold Voltage Minimum Operating Supply Voltage 5.0 THRESHOLD VOLTAGE (V) SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 VOUT=1.23V ILOAD=120mA -50 -25 0 25 50 2.0 1.0 75 100 125 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (oC) JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (oC) ON/OFF Pin Current (Sinking) Switch Frequency 200.0 150.0 VIN=40V -40oC ≤ TJ ≤ 125oC FREQUENCY (kHz) CURRENT (uA) 3.0 0.0 0.0 120.0 4.0 90.0 60.0 30.0 150.0 100.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 5 10 15 20 22 23 24 25 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE ON/OFF PIN VOLTAGE (V) 125 (oC) Feedback Pin Bias Current BIAS CURRENT (nA) 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 Adjustable Version Only 10.0 0.0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 JUNCTION TEMPERATURE(oC) AP1501 Rev. 1 7 of 12 www.diodes.com NOVEMBER 2006 © Diodes Incorporated AP1501 150KHz, 3A PWM BUCK DC/DC CONVERTER Typical Application Circuit (1) Fixed Type Circuit FB 12V DC Input L1 33uH 4 Vin AP1501 -33 1 5 2 3.3V/3A Output Load Inductor 3 SD Cin Capacitor Output Gnd D1 Schottky Diode Co Capacitor (2) Adjustable Type Circuit R1 R2 FB 12V DC Input L1 47uH 4 Vin 1 5 SD Cin Capacitor 2 AP1501 Output 5V/ 3A Output Load 3 Gnd Vout = VFB × (1 + D1 Schottky Diode R1 Co Capacitor ) R2 VFB = 1.23V R2 = 1K ~ 3K (3) Delay Start Circuit R2 R1 FB 12V DC Input Vin Cin Capacitor AP1501 Rev. 1 L1 47uH 4 CDELAY 0.1uF 1 2 AP1501 5 Output 5V/ 3A Output Load 3 SD RDELAY 10K Gnd D1 Schottky Diode 8 of 12 www.diodes.com Co Capacitor NOVEMBER 2006 © Diodes Incorporated AP1501 150KHz, 3A PWM BUCK DC/DC CONVERTER Function Description Pin Functions +VIN This is the positive input supply for the IC switching regulator. A suitable input bypass capacitor must be present at this pin to minimize voltage transients and to supply the switching currents needed by the regulator. Ground Circuit ground. Output Internal switch. The voltage at this pin switches between (+VIN – VSAT) and approximately – 0.5V, with a duty cycle of approximately VOUT / VIN. To minimize coupling to sensitive circuitry, the PC board copper area connected to this pin should be kept a minimum. Feedback Senses the regulated output voltage to complete the feedback loop. ON /OFF Allows the switching regulator circuit to be shutdown using logic level signals thus dropping the total input supply current to approximately 150uA. Pulling this pin below a threshold voltage of approximately 1.3V turns the regulator on, and pulling this pin above 1.3V (up to a maximum of 40V) shuts the regulator down. If this shutdown feature is not needed, the ON /OFF pin can be wired to the ground pin or it can be left open, in either case the regulator will be in the ON condition. Thermal Considerations The AP1501 is available in two packages, a 5-pin TO-220 and a 5-pin surface mount TO-263. buck switching regulator with all components mounted on a PC board to simulate the junction temperature under actual operating conditions. This curve can be used for a quick check for the approximate junction temperature for various conditions, but be aware that there are many factors that can affect the junction temperature. When load currents higher than 2A are used, double sided or multilayer PC boards with large copper areas and/or airflow might be needed, especially for high ambient temperatures and high output voltages. For the best thermal performance, wide copper traces and generous amounts of printed circuit board copper should be used in the board layout. (Once exception to this is the output (switch) pin, which should not have large areas of copper.) Large areas of copper provide the best transfer of heat (lower thermal resistance) to the surrounding air, and moving air lowers the thermal resistance even further. Package thermal resistance and junction temperature rise numbers are all approximate, and there are many factors that will affect these numbers. Some of these factors include board size, shape, thickness, position, location, and even board temperature. Other factors are, trace width, total printed circuit copper area, copper thickness, single or double-sided, multilayer board and the amount of solder on the board. The effectiveness of the PC board to dissipate heat also depends on the size, quantity and spacing of other components on the board, as well as whether the surrounding air is still or moving. Furthermore, some of these components such as the catch diode will add heat to the PC board and the heat can vary as the input voltage changes. For the inductor, depending on the physical size, type of core material and the DC resistance, it could either act as a heat sink taking heat away from the board, or it could add heat to the board. The TO-220 package needs a heat sink under most conditions. The size of the heatsink depends on the input voltage, the output voltage, the load current and the ambient temperature. The AP1501 junction temperature rises above ambient temperature for a 3A load and different input and output voltages. The data for these curves was taken with the AP1501 (TO-220 package) operating as a buck switching regulator in an ambient o temperature of 25 C (still air). These temperature rise numbers are all approximate and there are many factors that can affect these temperatures. Higher ambient temperatures require more heat sinking. The TO-263 surface mount package tab is designed to be soldered to the copper on a printed circuit board. The copper and the board are the heat sink for this package and the other heat producing components, such as the catch diode and inductor. The PC board copper area that the package is 2 soldered to should be at least 0.4 in , and ideally should have 2 or more square inches of 2 oz. Additional copper area improves the thermal characteristics, but with copper areas greater than 2 approximately 6 in , only small improvements in heat dissipation are realized. If further thermal improvements are needed, double sided, multilayer PC board with large copper areas and/or airflow are recommended. The AP1501 (TO-263 package) junction temperature rise above ambient temperature with a 2A load for various input and output voltages. This data was taken with the circuit operating as a AP1501 Rev. 1 9 of 12 www.diodes.com NOVEMBER 2006 © Diodes Incorporated AP1501 150KHz, 3A PWM BUCK DC/DC CONVERTER Marking Information (1) TO263-5L (2) TO220-5L/TOL220-5L(R) ( Top view ) ( Top view ) Output Type: 1501: ADJ 1501-33: 3.3V 1501-50: 5.0V 1501-12: 12V Logo 1501-XX YY WW X X L: Lead Free Package Internal Code Xth week: 01~52 Year: "01" = 2001 "02" = 2002 Output Type: 1501: ADJ 1501-33: 3.3V 1501-50: 5.0V 1501-12: 12V Logo 1501-XX YY WW X X L: Lead Free Package ~ ~ Internal code Xth week: 01~52 Year: "01" = 2001 "02" = 2002 Package Information (1) Package Type: TO220-5L AP1501 Rev. 1 10 of 12 www.diodes.com NOVEMBER 2006 © Diodes Incorporated AP1501 150KHz, 3A PWM BUCK DC/DC CONVERTER Package Information (Continued) (2) Package Type: TO263-5L AP1501 Rev. 1 11 of 12 www.diodes.com NOVEMBER 2006 © Diodes Incorporated AP1501 150KHz, 3A PWM BUCK DC/DC CONVERTER Package Information (Continued) (3) Package Type: TO220-5L(R) Mechanical drawing IMPORTANT NOTICE Diodes Incorporated and its subsidiaries reserve the right to make modifications, enhancements, improvements, corrections or other changes without further notice to any product herein. Diodes Incorporated does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product described herein; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights, nor the rights of others. The user of products in such applications shall assume all risks of such use and will agree to hold Diodes Incorporated and all the companies whose products are represented on our website, harmless against all damages. LIFE SUPPORT Diodes Incorporated products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the expressed written approval of the President of Diodes Incorporated. 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