SG6859A Low-Cost, Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters Features Description Green-Mode PWM Supports the “Blue Angel” Standard Low Startup Current: 9μA Low Operating Current: 3mA 300mA Driving Capability Leading-Edge Blanking Constant Output Power Limit Universal Input Built-in Synchronized Slope Compensation Current-Mode Operation Cycle-by-cycle Current Limiting Under-Voltage Lockout (UVLO) Programmable PWM Frequency with Frequency This highly integrated PWM controller provides several enhancements designed to meet the low standby-power needs of low-power SMPS. To minimize standby power consumption, the proprietary green-mode function provides off-time modulation to linearly decrease the switching frequency under light-load conditions. This green-mode function enables the power supply to meet even the strictest power conservation requirements. Hopping VDD Over-Voltage Protection (Auto Restart) Gate Output Voltage Clamped at 17V Low Cost Few External Components Required Small SSOT-6 Package The BiCMOS fabrication process enables reducing the startup current to 9μA and the operating current to 3mA. To further improve power conservation, a large startup resistance can be used. Built-in synchronized slope compensation ensures the stability of peak current mode control. Proprietary internal compensation provides a constant output power limit over a universal AC input range (90VAC to 264VAC). Pulse-by-pulse current limiting ensures safe operation during short-circuits. To protect the external power MOSFET from damage by supply over voltage, the SG6859A’s output driver is clamped at 17V. SG6859A controllers can be used to improve the performance and reduce the production cost of power supplies. The best choice for replacing linear and RCC-mode power adapters, the SG6859A is available in 8-pin DIP and 6-pin SSOT-6 packages. Applications General-purpose switching mode power supplies and flyback power converters, such as: Battery chargers for cellular phones, cordless phones, PDAs, digital cameras, and power tools Power adapters for ink jet printers, video game consoles, and portable audio players Open-frame SMPS for TV/DVD standby and auxiliary supplies, home appliances, and consumer electronics Replacements for linear transformers and RCC SMPS PC 5V standby power © 2007 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation SG6859A • Rev. 1.0.3 www.fairchildsemi.com SG6859A — Low Cost, Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters March 2010 Part Number Operating Temperature Range Package SG6859ATZ Eco Status Packing Method -40 to +105°C SSOT-6 RoHS Tape & Reel SG6859ATY -40 to +105°C SSOT-6 Green Tape & Reel SG6859ADZ -40 to +105°C DIP-8 RoHS Tube SG6859ADY -40 to +105°C DIP-8 Green Tube For Fairchild’s definition of Eco Status, please visit: http://www.fairchildsemi.com/company/green/rohs_green.html Application Diagram Figure 1. Typical Application Internal Block Diagram SG6859A — Low-Cost, Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters Ordering Information Figure 2. Functional Block Diagram © 2007 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation SG6859A • Rev. 1.0.3 www.fairchildsemi.com 2 AAJFW AAJF: SG6859A W: Week Code A~Z=W1~W26 A~Z=W27~W52 : Lead Free Package *Marking for SG6859ATZ (Pb-free) XXXX: AAJF=SG6859A T : Die Run Code . . . . : Year Code - - - : Week Code *Marking for SG6859ATY (Green Compound) T: D=DIP P: Z= Lead Free + RoHS Compatible Null=Regular Package XXXXXXXX: Wafer Lot Y: Year WW: Week V: Assembly Location SG6859A — Low-Cost, Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters Marking Information *Marking for SG6859ADZ (Pb-free) F- Fairchild Logo Z- Plant Code X- 1-Digit Year Code Y- 1-Digit Week Code TT: 2-Digit Die Run Code T: Package Type (D=DIP) P: Y: Green Package M: Manufacture Flow Code *Marking for SG6859ADY (Green Compound) Figure 3. Top Mark © 2007 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation SG6859A • Rev. 1.0.3 www.fairchildsemi.com 3 Figure 4. SSOT-6 Pin Configuration Figure 5. DIP-8 Pin Configuration Pin Definitions DIP Pin # SSOT Pin # Name Description 1 6 GATE The totem-pole output driver for driving the power MOSFET. 2 5 VDD Power supply NC No connection 3 4 5 4 3 6 SENSE Current sense. This pin senses the voltage across a resistor. When the voltage reaches the internal threshold, PWM output is disabled. This activates over-current protection. This pin also provides current amplitude information for current-mode control. RI A resistor connected from the RI pin to ground generates a constant current source used to charge an internal capacitor and determine the switching frequency. Increasing the resistance reduces the amplitude of the current source and the switching frequency. A 95kΩ resistor RI results in a 50μA constant current II and a 70kHz switching frequency. NC No connection Feedback. The FB pin provides the output voltage regulation signal. It provides feedback to the internal PWM comparator, so that the PWM comparator can control the duty cycle. 7 2 FB 8 1 GND © 2007 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation SG6859A • Rev. 1.0.3 SG6859A — Low-Cost, Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters Pin Configurations Ground www.fairchildsemi.com 4 Stresses exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may damage the device. The device may not function or be operable above the recommended operating conditions and stressing the parts to these levels is not recommended. In addition, extended exposure to stresses above the recommended operating conditions may affect device reliability. The absolute maximum ratings are stress ratings only. Symbol Parameter Min. (1, 2) Max. Unit 30 V VVDD DC Supply Voltage VFB Input Voltage to FB Pin -0.3 7.0 V Input Voltage to Sense Pin -0.3 7.0 V 150 °C SSOT 273 °C/W DIP 113 °C/W +150 °C VSENSE TJ Operating Junction Temperature ΘJA Thermal Resistance (Junction-to-Air) TSTG Storage Temperature Range TL ESD -55 +260 °C Electrostatic Discharge Capability, Human Body Model JESD22-A114 3.5 kV Electrostatic Discharge Capability, Charged Device Model JESD22-C101 1.5 kV Electrostatic Discharge Capability, Machine Model, JESD22-A115 200 V Lead Temperature (Wave Soldering or IR, 10 Seconds) Notes: 1. All voltage values, except differential voltages, are given with respect to GND pin. 2. Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. © 2007 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation SG6859A • Rev. 1.0.3 SG6859A — Low-Cost, Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters Absolute Maximum Ratings www.fairchildsemi.com 5 Unless otherwise noted, VDD=15V and TA=25°C. Symbol Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units VDD Section VDD-OP Continuously Operation Voltage 22 V VDD-ON Turn-on Threshold Voltage 15.5 16.5 17.5 V VDD-OFF Turn-off Threshold Voltage 8.5 9.5 10.5 V IDD-ST Startup Current VDD=VDD-ON – 0.1V 9 15 μA IDD-OP Operating Supply Current VDD=15V, CL=1nF 3.0 3.5 mA VDD Over-Voltage Protection Level Auto Restart 25 26 V VDD-OVP tD-VDDOVP VDD Over-Voltage Protection Debounce VDD-G OFF 24 Auto Restart VDD Low-Threshold Voltage to Exit Green-off Mode 125 μs VDD-OFF +1 V 5 kΩ Feedback Input Section ZFB VFB-OPEN VFB-OL Input Impedance FB Output High Voltage FB Open-loop Trigger Level tD-OLP Delay of FB Pin Open-loop Protection VFB-N Green-Mode Entry FB Voltage VFB-G Green-Mode Ending FB Voltage SG 5 Green-Mode Modulation Slope V 4.3 4.6 2.60 2.85 4.9 56 ms 3.10 2.2 RI=95kΩ 40 V V V 75 100 55 100 Hz/mV Current-Sense Section ZSENSE Input Impedance 10 tPD Delay to Output 40 kΩ VSTHFL Flat Threshold Voltage for Current Limit VSTHVA Valley Threshold Voltage for Current Limit 0.75 0.80 0.85 V Leading-Edge Blanking Time 270 320 370 ns tLEB DCYSAW 1 ns Duty Cycle of SAW Limit V 40 % SG6859A — Low-Cost, Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters Electrical Characteristics Oscillator Section Center Frequency 70 75 Frequency THOP Hopping Period RI=95kΩ 3.7 ms fOSC-G Green-Mode Frequency RI=95kΩ 20 kHz fDV Frequency Variation vs. VDD Deviation VDD=13.5 to 22V fDT Frequency Variation vs. Temperature Deviation TA=-20 to 85°C Hopping Range RI=95kΩ 65 fOSC kHz ±4.9 0 0.02 2.00 % 2 % 72 % 1.4 V Output Section DCYMAX Maximum Duty Cycle VGATE-L Output Voltage Low VDD=15V, IO=20mA VGATE-H Output Voltage High VDD=13.5V, IO=20mA tr Rising Time VDD=15V, CL=1nF 150 ns tf Falling Time VDD=15V, CL=1nF 55 ns Output Clamp Voltage VDD=22V VGATECLAMP © 2007 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation SG6859A • Rev. 1.0.3 62 67 8 16 V 17 18 V www.fairchildsemi.com 6 13.0 16.8 12.0 VDD-OFF (V) VDD-ON (V) 17.0 16.6 16.4 16.2 11.0 10.0 9.0 16.0 -40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 8.0 125 -40 -25 -10 5 Temperature (℃) 50 65 80 95 110 125 Figure 7. Turn-off Threshold Voltage (VDD-ON) vs. Temperature 3.0 3.5 2.5 3.3 IDD-OP (mA) IDD-ST (μA) 35 Temperature (℃) Figure 6. Turn-on Threshold Voltage (VDD-ON) vs. Temperature 2.0 1.5 1.0 3.1 2.9 2.7 0.5 2.5 -40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 -40 -25 -10 5 Temperature (℃) 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 Temperature (℃) Figure 8. Startup Current (IDD-ST) vs. Temperature Figure 9. Operating Supply Current (IDD-OP) vs. Temperature 70.0 70.0 69.0 69.0 DCYMAX (%) FOSC (KHz) 20 68.0 67.0 66.0 SG6859A — Low-Cost, Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters Typical Performance Characteristics 68.0 67.0 66.0 65.0 65.0 -40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 -40 Temperature (℃) -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 Temperature (℃) Figure 10. Center Frequency (fOSC) vs. Temperature © 2007 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation SG6859A • Rev. 1.0.3 -25 Figure 11. Maximum Duty Cycle (DCYMAX) vs. Temperature www.fairchildsemi.com 7 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.6 VFB-G (V) VFB-N (V) 3.2 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.0 -40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 -40 -25 -10 5 20 Temperature (℃) Figure 12. Green-Mode Entry FB Voltage (VFB-N) vs. Temperature 50 65 80 95 110 125 Figure 13. Green-Mode Ending FB Voltage (VFB-G) vs. Temperature 350.0 3.5 330.0 3.0 IDD-OP (mA) tLEB (ns) 35 Temperature (℃) 310.0 290.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 270.0 1.0 250.0 -40 -25 -10 5 20 35 50 65 Temperature (℃) 80 95 110 125 12 Figure 14. Leading-Edge Blanking Time (tLEB) vs. Temperature © 2007 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation SG6859A • Rev. 1.0.3 13 14 15 16 17 18 VDD (V) 19 20 21 22 Figure 15. Operating Supply Current vs. VDD Voltage 23 24 SG6859A — Low-Cost, Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters Typical Performance Characteristics www.fairchildsemi.com 8 output GATE drive is turned off following a short propagation delay, tPD. This propagation delay introduces an additional current proportional to tPD•VIN/LP. The propagation delay is nearly constant, regardless of the input line voltage VIN. Higher input line voltages result in larger additional currents. At high input line voltages, the output power limit is higher than at low input line voltages. To compensate for this output power limit variation across a wide AC input range, the threshold voltage is adjusted by adding a positive ramp. This ramp signal rises from 0.8V to 1V, then flattens out at 1V. A smaller threshold voltage forces the output GATE drive to terminate earlier, which reduces the total PWM turn-on time and makes the output power equal to that of low line input. This proprietary internal compensation ensures a constant output power limit for a wide AC input voltage range (90VAC to 264VAC). SG6859A devices integrate many useful designs into one controller for low-power, switch-mode power supplies. The following descriptions highlight some of the features of the SG6859A series. Startup Current The startup current is only 9μA. Low startup current allows a startup resistor with high resistance and lowwattage to supply the startup power for the controller. A 1.5MΩ, 0.25W, startup resistor and a 10µF/25V VDD hold-up capacitor are sufficient for an AC-to-DC power adapter with a wide input range (100VAC to 240VAC). Operating Current The operating current has been reduced to 3mA. The low operating current results in higher efficiency and reduces the VDD hold-up capacitance requirement. Under-Voltage Lockout (UVLO) Green-Mode Operation The turn-on and turn-off thresholds are fixed internally at 16.5V and 9.5V. During startup, the hold-up capacitor must be charged to 16.5V through the startup resistor to enable the SG6859A. The hold-up capacitor continues to supply VDD until power can be delivered from the auxiliary winding of the main transformer. VDD must not drop below 9.5V during this startup process. This UVLO hysteresis window ensures that hold-up capacitor is adequate to supply VDD during startup. The proprietary green-mode function provides off-time modulation to linearly decrease the switching frequency under light-load conditions. On-time is limited to provide stronger protection against brownouts and other abnormal conditions. The feedback current, which is sampled from the voltage feedback loop, is taken as the reference. Once the feedback current exceeds the threshold current, the switching frequency starts to decrease. This green-mode function dramatically reduces power consumption under light-load and zeroload conditions. Power supplies using the SG6859A can meet even the strictest regulations regarding standby power consumption. Gate Output The BiCMOS output stage is a fast totem pole gate driver. Cross conduction has been avoided to minimize heat dissipation, increase efficiency, and enhance reliability. The output driver is clamped by an internal 17V Zener diode to protect power MOSFET transistors against undesired over-voltage gate signals. Oscillator Operation A resistor connected from the RI pin to ground generates a constant current source used to charge an internal capacitor. The charge time determines the internal clock speed and the switching frequency. Increasing the resistance reduces the amplitude of the input current and the switching frequency. A 95kΩ RI resistor results in a 50µA constant current, II, and a 70kHz switching frequency. The relationship between RI and the switching frequency is: fPWM = 6650 (kHz) RI(kΩ) Built-in Slope Compensation The sensed voltage across the current-sense resistor is used for current-mode control and pulse-by-pulse current limiting. Built-in slope compensation improves stability and prevents sub-harmonic oscillations due to peak-current mode control. The SG6859A has a synchronized, positively-sloped ramp built-in at each switching cycle. The slope of the ramp is: (1) 0.36 × Duty Duty(max.) Leading-Edge Blanking Each time the power MOSFET is switched on, a turn-on spike occurs at the sense-resistor. To avoid premature termination of the switching pulse, a 320ns leadingedge blanking time is built in. Conventional RC filtering can be omitted. During this blanking period, the currentlimit comparator is disabled and cannot switch off the gate driver. (2) Noise Immunity Noise from the current sense or the control signal can cause significant pulse-width jitter, particularly in continuous-conduction mode (CCM). While slope compensation helps alleviate these problems, further precautions should still be taken. Good placement and layout practices should be followed. Avoiding long PCB traces and component leads, locating compensation and filter components near the SG6859A, and increasing power MOS gate resistance improve performance. Constant Output Power Limit When the SENSE voltage across the sense resistor, RS, reaches the threshold voltage (around 1V), the © 2007 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation SG6859A • Rev. 1.0.3 SG6859A — Low-Cost, Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters Operation Description www.fairchildsemi.com 9 F1 L1 1 2 1 L BD1 C3 R3 R1 CX1 2 4 C1 C2 R5 R4 T1 R2 3 L2 D4 1,2 2 1 1 2 VO 1 10 N 1 9 R10 2 D1 2 U1 1 6 R7 C8 D5 C9 Q1 1 2 GND GATE C7 8 5 3 FB VDD RI SENSE 5 7 3 2 3,4 GND R15 4 C6 C11 R9 R6 R8 D2 1 2 R11 1 4 C4 R13 U2 2 3 R14 C10 3 CY1 U3 1 2 R12 Figure 16. Reference Circuit Bill of Materials (BOM) Reference Component Reference Component BD1 BD 1A/500V L2 10µH 6mm CX1 (Optional) XC 0.1μF Q1 MOSFET 1A/600V CY1 (Optional) YC 1nF/400V (Y1) R1,R2 R 750KΩ 1206 C1 CC 10nF/500V R3,R4 R 47KΩ 1206 C2 EC 10μF/400V 105°C R5 R 47Ω 1206 C3 CC 1nF/500V R6 R 4.7Ω 1206 C4 EC 10μF/50V R7 R 100Ω 0805 C6 CC 4.7nF 0805 R8 R 10Ω 1206 C7 (Optional) CC 1nF/100V 1206 R9 R 100KΩ 0805 C8 EC 470μF/10V 105°C R10 (Optional) R 10Ω 1206 C9 EC 220μF/10V 105°C R11 R 100Ω 1/8W C10 CC 2.2nF 0805 R12 R 33KΩ 0805 C11 N.C. R13 R 33KΩ 1/8W D1 Diode FRI07 R14 R 4.7KΩ 0805 D2 Diode FR102 R15 R 0Ω 0805 D4 Diode SB360 T1 EE-16 D5 (Optional) ZD 6.8V 0.5W U1 IC SG6859A F1 R 1Ω/0.5W U2 PC817 L1 20mH 6•8mm U3 TL431 © 2007 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation SG6859A • Rev. 1.0.3 SG6859A — Low-Cost, Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters Applications Information www.fairchildsemi.com 10 SG6859A — Low-Cost, Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters Physical Dimensions 9.83 9.00 6.67 6.096 8.255 7.61 3.683 3.20 5.08 MAX 7.62 0.33 MIN 3.60 3.00 (0.56) 2.54 0.56 0.355 0.356 0.20 1.65 1.27 9.957 7.87 7.62 NOTES: UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED A) THIS PACKAGE CONFORMS TO JEDEC MS-001 VARIATION BA B) ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS. C) DIMENSIONS ARE EXCLUSIVE OF BURRS, MOLD FLASH, AND TIE BAR EXTRUSIONS. D) DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES PER ASME Y14.5M-1994 E) DRAWING FILENAME AND REVSION: MKT-N08FREV2. Figure 17. 8-Pin, Dual Inline Package (DIP) Package drawings are provided as a service to customers considering Fairchild components. Drawings may change in any manner without notice. Please note the revision and/or date on the drawing and contact a Fairchild Semiconductor representative to verify or obtain the most recent revision. Package specifications do not expand the terms of Fairchild’s worldwide terms and conditions, specifically the warranty therein, which covers Fairchild products. Always visit Fairchild Semiconductor’s online packaging area for the most recent package drawings: http://www.fairchildsemi.com/packaging/. © 2007 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation SG6859A • Rev. 1.0.3 www.fairchildsemi.com 11 SG6859A — Low-Cost, Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters Physical Dimensions (Continued) Figure 18. 6-Pin, SSOT-6 Package Package drawings are provided as a service to customers considering Fairchild components. Drawings may change in any manner without notice. Please note the revision and/or date on the drawing and contact a Fairchild Semiconductor representative to verify or obtain the most recent revision. Package specifications do not expand the terms of Fairchild’s worldwide terms and conditions, specifically the warranty therein, which covers Fairchild products. Always visit Fairchild Semiconductor’s online packaging area for the most recent package drawings: http://www.fairchildsemi.com/packaging/. © 2007 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation SG6859A • Rev. 1.0.3 www.fairchildsemi.com 12 SG6859A — Low-Cost, Green-Mode PWM Controller for Flyback Converters © 2007 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation SG6859A • Rev. 1.0.3 www.fairchildsemi.com 13