19-6266; Rev 0; 4/12 EVALUATION KIT AVAILABLE MAX15104 Small 2A, Low-Dropout Linear Regulator in a 2.7mm x 1.6mm Package General Description Features The MAX15104 is a small, low-dropout linear regulator optimized for networking, datacom, and server applications. The regulator delivers up to 2A from a 1.7V to 5.5V input supply with output accuracy of Q1.6%. The output is adjustable down to 0.6V with a guaranteed dropout voltage of less than 150mV at full load. The internal p-channel switch is protected with a foldback current limit and thermal shutdown. S 1.7V to 5.5V Operating Range The MAX15104 features an external bypass input to reduce noise. This bypass input also serves as a softstart control. An enable input and power-good output are included for power sequence control. S Foldback Current Protection The MAX15104 is available in a 1.6mm x 2.7mm WLP package and is fully specified from the -40NC to +85NC operating temperature range. S Small 1.6mm x 2.7mm WLP Package Applications S 150mV Dropout Guaranteed at 2A S ±1.6% Output Accuracy Over Line, Load, and Temperature S 70dB PSRR At 500kHz S Adjustable Output from 0.6V to 5.2V S Thermal Shutdown Protection S Low Noise 15µVRMS (typ) Ordering Information appears at end of data sheet. Networking Telecom/Datacom For related parts and recommended products to use with this part, refer to www.maxim-ic.com/MAX15104.related. Servers Base Stations PLL Power Typical Operating Circuit INPUT (1.7V TO 5.5V) OUT IN MAX15104 CIN 2.2µF R1 0 TO 4.6kI EN PG OUTPUT (0.6V TO VIN - 200mV) COUT 22µF FB POWER-GOOD OUTPUT GND SS_BYP R2 600I CSS 100nF ����������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 1 For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com. MAX15104 Small 2A, Low-Dropout Linear Regulator in a 2.7mm x 1.6mm Package ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS IN, EN, PG, SS_BYP, FB to GND ............................-0.3V to +6V OUT to GND................................................-0.3V to (VIN + 0.3V) OUT Short Circuit.......................................................Continuous Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70NC) WLP (derate 19.2mW/NC above +70NC).....................1538mW Operating Temperature Range ......................... -40NC to +85NC Storage Temperature Range .......................... -65NC to +150NC Junction Temperature .....................................................+150NC Soldering Temperature (reflow) (Note 1).........................+260NC Note 1: The WLP package is constructed using a unique set of package techniques that impose a limit on the thermal profile. The device can be exposed during board-level solder attach and rework. This limit permits only the use of the solder profiles recommended in the industry-standard specification JEDEC 020A, paragraph 7.6, Table 3 for IR/VPR and convection reflow. Preheating is required. Hand or wave soldering is not allowed. Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. PACKAGE THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS (Note 2) WLP Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance (qJA)...........30°C/W Note 2: Package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in JEDEC specification JESD51-7, using a fourlayer board. For detailed information on package thermal considerations, refer to www.maxim-ic.com/thermal-tutorial. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VIN = 3.3V, VOUT = 1.5V, VEN = VIN, IOUT = 100mA, CIN = 2.2µF, COUT = 22µF, TA = TJ = -40NC to +85NC, typical values are at TA = +25NC, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 3) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS 1.7 5.5 V 2.03 2.099 V IN Input Voltage Range VIN Input Undervoltage Lockout VIN_UV Input Undervoltage Lockout Hysteresis VIN_UV_HYS VIN rising 70 mV OUT Output Voltage Range VOUT 0.6 5.2 0.1 V Load Regulation IOUT = 30mA to 2A Line Regulation VIN = 1.7V to 5.5V, VOUT = 0.6V, IOUT = 190mA Dropout Voltage IOUT = 2A, VFB = 580mV (Note 4) 50 In-Regulation Current Limit VIN = 5.5V, VFB = 500mV 2.5 A Short-Circuit Foldback Current Limit VIN = 5.5V, VOUT = 0V, VFB < 100mV 1.4 A Output Shutdown Leakage VIN = 5.5V, VOUT = 0V, VEN = 0V Line Transient DVIN = 0.5V, tRISE = tFALL = 5Fs -0.15 %/A +0.15 %/V 150 mV 5 2 FA % ����������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 2 MAX15104 Small 2A, Low-Dropout Linear Regulator in a 2.7mm x 1.6mm Package ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (VIN = 3.3V, VOUT = 1.5V, VEN = VIN, IOUT = 100mA, CIN = 2.2µF, COUT = 22µF, TA = TJ = -40NC to +85NC, typical values are at TA = +25NC, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 3) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS Load Transient IOUT = 100mA to 1A to 100mA, tRISE = tFALL = 1Fs 1.3 % Power-Supply Rejection Frequency = 500kHz, IOUT = 500mA 70 dB Output Voltage Noise Frequency = 500Hz to 100kHz, IOUT = 100mA 15 FVRMS FB FB Threshold Accuracy FB Input Current IOUT = 190mA, VOUT = 1.5V to 5V, VIN = (VOUT + 0.3V) to 5.5V 593 IOUT = 3mA to 2A, VOUT = 1.5V to 5V, VIN = (VOUT + 0.3V) to 5.5V 590 600 606 mV 610 VFB = 0.6V, VIN = 5.5V 1 FA 3.5 mA 1 FA GND Ground Supply Current 1.8 Ground Shutdown Current VIN = 1.7V to 5.5V POWER-GOOD OUTPUT Power-Good (PG) Threshold VFB moving out of regulation, VHYS = 15mV Power-Good (PG) OutputVoltage Low IPG = 2mA (sink) FB = high 638 650 662 FB = low 538 550 562 25 80 mV 1 FA Power-Good (PG) Delay 100 Power-Good (PG) Leakage VPG = 5.5V mV Fs ENABLE Enable Input High Threshold VEN_HIGH Enable Input Low Threshold VEN_LOW Enable Input Bias Current 1.2 VEN = 0 to 5.5V V 0.4 V +1 FA 9.2 12 FA 45 100 I -1 SOFT-START Soft-Start Charging Current VSS_BYP = 100mV Soft-Start Pulldown Resistance VEN = 0V, ISS_BYP = 2mA 8 THERMAL SHUTDOWN Thermal Shutdown Threshold Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis Threshold falling +160 NC 15 NC Note 3: All devices 100% production tested at TA = +25°C. Limits over the temperature range are guaranteed by design. Note 4: Dropout is defined as VIN - VOUT when VOUT falls 3% below its nominal voltage value. ����������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 3 MAX15104 Small 2A, Low-Dropout Linear Regulator in a 2.7mm x 1.6mm Package Typical Operating Characteristics (VIN = 1.8V, VOUT = 1.5V, TA = +25NC, unless otherwise noted.) VOUT = 2.5V 30 VOUT = 1.8V 20 VOUT = 3.3V 10 0 0.5 VOUT = 3V 0 VOUT = 1.5V V OUT = 2.5V -0.05 1.5 1.505 1.500 1.495 1.485 -0.10 1.0 2.0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 OUTPUT CURRENT (A) OUTPUT CURRENT (A) OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE STARTUP WAVEFORMS 1.8 3.0 MAX15104 toc04 1.498 1.496 NO LOAD 1V/div 1.494 IIN 2A/div 1.490 VOUT 1V/div 1A LOAD 2A LOAD 1.486 VPG 1.484 1V/div 1.482 3.3 3.8 4.3 4.8 10 9 VEN 1.488 2.8 5.3 SOFT-START TIME vs. CAPACITOR VALUE CSS =100nF 1.492 2.3 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) MAX15104 toc05 1.500 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1.480 -15 10 35 60 85 5 1ms/div 25 45 65 85 100 CAPACITOR VALUE (nF) TEMPERATURE (°C) FB VOLTAGE vs. TEMPERATURE (VOUT = 1.5V) 0.600 0.599 NO LOAD 0.598 1A LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE MAX15104 toc08 MAX15104 toc07 -40 FB VOLTAGE (V) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 1.510 1.490 VOUT = 5V 0 0.05 IOUT = 0.5A MAX15104 toc06 40 1.515 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 50 0.10 MAX15104 toc02 60 OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. INPUT VOLTAGE SOFT-START TIME (ms) DROPOUT VOLTAGE (mV) MAX15104 toc01 DEFINED VIN - VOUT WHEN VOUT FALLS 2% BELOW NOMINAL 70 OUTPUT VOLTAGE ERROR (%) 80 OUTPUT VOLTAGE ERROR vs. OUTPUT CURRENT MAX15104 toc03 DROPOUT VOLTAGE vs. OUTPUT CURRENT VOUT AC-COUPLED 50mV/div 1A LOAD 0.597 0.596 0.595 2A LOAD 1A 0.594 IOUT 500mA/div 0.593 100mA 0.592 0.591 -40 -15 10 35 60 85 40µs/div TEMPERATURE (°C) ����������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 4 MAX15104 Small 2A, Low-Dropout Linear Regulator in a 2.7mm x 1.6mm Package Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VIN = 1.8V, VOUT = 1.5V, TA = +25NC, unless otherwise noted.) 2A LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE LINE-TRANSIENT RESPONSE MAX15104 toc10 MAX15104 toc09 ILOAD = 1A 2.3V VOUT AC-COUPLED 50mV/div VIN 200mV/div 1.8V 2A VOUT AC-COUPLED 20mV/div IOUT 1A/div 100mA 100µs/div 40µs/div GROUND CURRENT vs. INPUT VOLTAGE FOLDBACK CURRENT-LIMIT WAVEFORMS MAX15104 toc11 MAX15104 toc12 3.0 2.5 GROUND CURRENT (mA) VOUT 500mV/div IOUT 2A/div 2.0 ILOAD = 1A 1.5 1.0 ILOAD = 0A 0.5 0 100µs/div 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) VPG 2V/div 200µs/div PSRR (dB) IOUT 5A/div 80 70 60 50 40 PSRR (0A LOAD) PSRR (10mA LOAD) PSRR (100mA LOAD) PSRR (500mA LOAD) 30 20 10 100 1k 10k CSS = 4.7nF 12 9 CSS = 100nF 6 3 0 10 NO CSS 15 NOISE DENSITY (µVRMS) 100 90 VOUT 1V/div 18 MAX15104 toc14 120 110 VIN 2V/div MAX15104 toc15 MAX15104 toc13 1.8V NOISE DENSITY (ILOAD = 100mA) PSRR vs. FREQUENCY SHORT-CIRCUIT WAVEFORMS 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) 1M 10M 100 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) ����������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 5 MAX15104 Small 2A, Low-Dropout Linear Regulator in a 2.7mm x 1.6mm Package Bump Configuration TOP VIEW MAX15104 1 2 3 4 5 EN PG GND SS_BYP FB IN IN IN IN IN OUT OUT OUT OUT OUT + A B C WLP Bump Description BUMP NAME FUNCTION A1 EN Active-High Enable Input. Drive EN logic-high to enable the LDO. Connect to IN for always-on operation. A2 PG Power-Good Output. Open-drain output asserts high when the voltage is within regulation. A3 GND A4 SS_BYP A5 FB Feedback Input. Connect a resistive divider from OUT to GND to set the output voltage. B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 IN Supply Voltage Input. Connect to supply voltage from 1.7V to 5.5V. Bypass IN to GND with a 2.2FF or greater ceramic capacitor. C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 OUT Ground SS_BYP Bypass/Soft-Start Input. Connect a ceramic capacitor from SS_BYP to GND to reduce the output noise and set the soft-start ramp time. Regulated Output. Connect a 22FF capacitor from OUT to GND. For better load transient performance a larger capacitor can be used. ����������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 6 MAX15104 Small 2A, Low-Dropout Linear Regulator in a 2.7mm x 1.6mm Package Functional Diagram SS_BYP IN UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT THERMALOVERLOAD PROTECTION 0.60V REF EN 0.55V gM ERROR AMPLIFIER P 0.65V SHUTDOWN LOGIC ILIM OUT FB GND PG MAX15104 PG CIRCUITRY Detailed Description The MAX15104 is a small, low-dropout linear regulator optimized for server, network, and telecom applications. The regulator delivers up to 3A from a 1.7V to 5.5V input supply with output accuracy of Q1.6%. The output is adjustable down to 0.6V with a guaranteed dropout voltage of less than 150mV at full load. The internal p-channel switch is protected with a foldback current limit and thermal shutdown. The MAX15104 features an external bypass input to reduce noise. This bypass input also serves as a softstart control. An enable input and power-good output are included for power sequence control. Internal p-Channel Pass Transistor The MAX15104 features a 2A p-channel MOSFET pass transistor. Unlike similar designs with pnp pass transistors, the gate-drive current to the p-channel power transistor is N extremely low. PNP-based regulators also waste considerable current in dropout when the pass transistor saturates and uses high base-drive currents under large loads. The MAX15104 does not suffer from these deficiencies and consumes only 1.8mA of quiescent current even in dropout. Output Voltage Selection The MAX15104 features an adjustable output. The output voltage can be set between +0.6V to VIN - 200mV using an external resistive voltage-divider to FB (see the Typical Operating Circuit). The output voltage is set using the following equation: VOUT = VFB (1 + R1/R2) where VFB = +600mV. To simplify resistor selection: R1 = R2 (VOUT/VFB - 1) Set R2 to 600I. ����������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 7 MAX15104 Small 2A, Low-Dropout Linear Regulator in a 2.7mm x 1.6mm Package Enable A logic-low on EN disables the MAX15104. In shutdown, the pass transistor, control circuitry, reference, and all biases are turned off, reducing supply current to typically 1FA. Connect EN to IN for normal operation. In shutdown, the soft-start capacitor is discharged using an internal pulldown resistance. Soft-Start As shown in the Typical Operating Circuit, the MAX15104 uses a gM stage and integrating capacitor CSS to control the regulator’s feedback set point. When EN is driven low, the soft-start capacitor is discharged. When EN is driven high or power is applied to the device, a constant 9.2FA current charges the soft-start capacitor. At startup, the feedback set point increases linearly, which reduces the inrush supply current. tSS = 6.315 x 10-5 x CSS where CSS is in nF. Use capacitor values between 30nF to 100nF with voltage ratings greater than 5V. Because this ramp is applied to the current-limit comparator, the actual time for the output voltage to ramp up depends on the load current and output capacitor. Leave SS_BYP unconnected to disable soft-start. Foldback Current Limiting The MAX15104 features a 2.5A current limit when the output voltage is in regulation. When the voltage at the output drops to 17% of its nominal value, the current limit exponentially folds back to 1.4A. The output can be shorted to ground for an indefinite period of time without damaging the device. Avoid continuous output current of greater than 2A to prevent damage to the regulator. Operating Region and Power Dissipation The power dissipation across the device is P = IOUT (VIN - VOUT). The resulting maximum power dissipation is: PMAX = [(TJ(MAX) - TA)/(BJA)] where (TJ(MAX) - TA) is the temperature difference between the maximum allowed die junction (+150NC) and the surrounding air. Figure 1 shows the allowable power dissipation for typical PCBs at +25NC, +50NC, and +70NC ambient temperatures (refer to the MAX15104 EV kit). Applications Information Capacitor Selection and Regulator Stability Capacitors are required at the MAX15104’s input and output. Connect at least a 2.2FF capacitor between IN and GND (CIN) and a 22FF capacitor between OUT and GND (COUT). 10µF can be used for lower current operation (1A for example). Use only surface-mount ceramic capacitors that have low equivalent series resistance (ESR). Make the input and output traces at least 2.5mm wide, and connect CIN and COUT within 6mm of the IC to minimize the impact of PCB trace inductance. The output capacitor’s ESR can affect stability and output noise. Use capacitors with 50mI or less ESR to ensure stability and optimum transient response. This is particularly true in applications with very low output voltage (< 2V) and high output current (> 0.5A). Since some capacitor dielectrics can vary over bias voltage and temperature, consult the capacitor manufacturer specifications to ensure that the capacitors meet these requirements over all combinations of operating voltage and temperature. Thermal-Overload Protection Thermal-overload protection is designed to safeguard the MAX15104 in the event of fault conditions. For continuous operation, do not exceed the junction temperature rating of TJ = +125NC. 2.5 MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT (A) A thermal-overload circuit limits total power dissipation in the MAX15104. When the junction temperature exceeds TJ = +160NC, the thermal sensor turns off the pass transistor, allowing the IC to cool. The thermal sensor turns the pass transistor on once the IC’s junction temperature drops approximately 15NC. Continuous short-circuit conditions will consequently result in a foldback limited output. 2.0 TA = +25NC 1.5 1.0 TA = +50NC 0.5 TA = +70NC TJ = +125NC (BASED ON MAX15102 EV KIT) 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 INPUT-OUTPUT DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE (V) Figure 1. Maximum Output Current Curves ����������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 8 MAX15104 Small 2A, Low-Dropout Linear Regulator in a 2.7mm x 1.6mm Package Input-Output (Dropout) Voltage A regulator’s minimum input-to-output voltage differential (dropout voltage) determines the lowest usable supply voltage. The dropout voltage is simply the product of regulator’s RDS(ON) for the pass device and rated load current. The MAX15104‘s RDS(ON) is 25mI, at 2A this yields a dropout voltage of 50mV (see the Electrical Characteristics and the Dropout Voltage vs. Output Current graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics). Noise, PSRR, and Transient Response The MAX15104 is designed to achieve low dropout voltage while still maintaining good noise, transient response, and AC rejection. When operating from very noisy sources, supply noise rejection and transient response can be improved by increasing the values of the input and output capacitors. The MAX15104 output noise is typically 15FVRMS (see the Noise Density graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics). Thermal Considerations in PCB Layout The rated package dissipation strongly depends on the copper area connected to the regulator. The maximum power dissipation allowed in the package is 1538mW (measured from the MAX15104 EV kit). Ordering Information PART MAX15104EWL+ TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE -40NC to +85NC 15 WLP +Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package. Chip Information PROCESS: BiCMOS Package Information For the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Note that a “+”, “#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status. PACKAGE TYPE PACKAGE CODE OUTLINE NO. LAND PATTERN NO. 15 WLP W151B2+1 21-0205 Refer to Application Note 1891 More power dissipation can be handled by the package if great attention is given during PCB layout. For example, using the top and bottom copper as a heatsink and connecting the thermal vias to one of the middle layers (GND) transfers the heat from the package into the board more efficiently, resulting in lower junction temperature at high power dissipation in some MAX15104 applications. Furthermore, the solder mask around the IC area on both top and bottom layers can be removed to radiate the heat directly into the air. The maximum allowable power dissipation in the IC is as follows: PMAX = [(TJ(MAX) - TA)/(BJA)] where (TJ(MAX) - TA) is the temperature difference between the maximum-allowed die junction (+150NC) and the surrounding air. A sample layout is available on the MAX15104 EV kit. ����������������������������������������������������������������� Maxim Integrated Products 9 MAX15104 Small 2A, Low-Dropout Linear Regulator in a 2.7mm x 1.6mm Package Revision History REVISION NUMBER REVISION DATE 0 4/12 DESCRIPTION Initial release PAGES CHANGED — Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. The parametric values (min and max limits) shown in the Electrical Characteristics table are guaranteed. Other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance. 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