CAT3604 4-Channel Regulated Charge Pump White LED Driver Description http://onsemi.com TQFN−16 HV4 SUFFIX CASE 510AE Applications • • • • • • February, 2010 − Rev. 1 LED4 C2+ GND CTR1 C2− C1+ C1− VIN CTR2 (4 x 4 mm) (Top View) MARKING DIAGRAMS G364 CDBA G364 = CAT3604HV4−T2 CDBA = CAT3604HV4−GT2 ORDERING INFORMATION Device CAT3604HV4−T2 CAT3604HV4−GT2 Color LCD and Keypad Backlighting Cellular Phones Handheld Devices Digital Cameras PDAs Portable MP3 Players © Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2010 GND CTR0 RSET Drives Individually up to 4 LEDs Output Current up to 30 mA per LED Digital Control On/Off of Each LED Compatible with Supply Voltage of 3 V to 5.5 V Power Efficiency up to 93% 2 Modes of Operation 1x and 1.5x Automatic Short Circuit Detect/Disable High−frequency Operation at 1 MHz Low Value Ceramic Capacitors “604” Compatible Pinout Soft Start and Current Limiting TQFN 16−pad Package, 4 x 4 mm, 0.8 mm Max Height These Devices are Pb−Free, Halogen Free/BFR Free and are RoHS Compliant LED3 1 EN Features • • • • • • • • • • • • • LED2 LED1 PIN CONNECTIONS (Note 1) VOUT The CAT3604 is a charge pump operating in either 1x (LDO) mode or 1.5x fractional mode regulating current through each of the 4 LED pins. Operation at a fixed high frequency of 1 MHz typical allows the use of very small value ceramic capacitors. The CAT3604 drives white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) connected in parallel and provides tightly matched regulated current to achieve uniformity of brightness in LCD backlighting applications. An external resistor RSET controls the output current level. LED currents of up to 30 mA are supported over a range of input supply voltages from 3 V to 5.5 V, making the device ideal for battery-powered applications. LED dimming can be accomplished by several methods including using a DC voltage to set the RSET pin current, applying a PWM signal on the Control signals, or adding a switched resistor in parallel with RSET. The Enable input pin allows the device to be placed in power-down mode with “zero” quiescent current. The CAT3604 features short circuit and overcurrent limiting protection. The device is available in a 16−pad TQFN package with a max height of 0.8 mm. Package TQFN−16 (Note 2) TQFN−16 (Note 3) Shipping 2,000/ Tape & Reel 1. The package exposed pad is electrically connected inside the package to GND and to pin 12. 2. Matte−Tin Plated Finish (RoHS−compliant). 3. NiPdAu Plated Finish (RoHS−compliant). 1 Publication Order Number: CAT3604/D CAT3604 1 μF C1+ Battery + − VIN 3 V to 4.2 V C1− C2+ VIN CIN EN EN 1 μF C2− VOUT CAT3604 1 μF Control 0 CTR0 LED1 Control 1 CTR1 LED2 Control 2 CTR2 LED3 RSET RSET 24 kW VOUT GND LED4 Figure 1. Typical Application Circuit Table 1. PIN DESCRIPTION Pin # Name Function 1 EN 2 CTR0 Digital control input 0 3 CTR1 Digital control input 1 4 CTR2 Digital control input 2 5 RSET The LED output current is set by the current sourced out of the RSET pin 6 VOUT Charge pump output connected to the LED anodes 7 VIN Supply voltage 8 C1+ Bucket capacitor 1 terminal 9 C1 Bucket capacitor 1 terminal 10 C2 Bucket capacitor 2 terminal 11 C2+ Bucket capacitor 2 terminal 12 GND Ground reference 13 LED4 LED 4 cathode terminal 14 LED3 LED 3 cathode terminal 15 LED2 LED 2 cathode terminal 16 LED1 LED 1 cathode terminal Pad GND Pad Enable input, active HIGH Ground reference http://onsemi.com 2 COUT 1 μF 20 mA CAT3604 Table 2. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Parameter Rating Unit VIN, VOUT, LEDx voltage −0.3 to 7.0 V EN, CTRx voltage −0.3 to VIN V RSET voltage −0.3 to VIN V RSET current ±1 mA Ambient Temperature Range −40 to +85 _C Storage Temperature Range −65 to +160 _C 300 _C 2,000 V 200 V Lead Temperature ESD Rating HBM (Human Body Model) ESD Rating MM (Machine Model) (Note 4) Stresses exceeding Maximum Ratings may damage the device. Maximum Ratings are stress ratings only. Functional operation above the Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. Extended exposure to stresses above the Recommended Operating Conditions may affect device reliability. 4. Machine model is with 200 pF capacitor discharged directly into each pin. Table 3. RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS Range Unit VIN Parameter 3.0 to 5.5 V Ambient Temperature Range −40 to +85 _C 1 ±20% typical mF 0 to 30 mA Input/Output/Bucket Capacitors ILED per LED pin 5. Typical application circuit with external components is shown on page 2. Table 4. ELECTRICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (Limits over recommended operating conditions unless specified otherwise. Typical values at TA = 25°C, VIN = 3.5 V, IRSET = 5 mA) Symbol IQ Parameter Quiescent Current Conditions Min VEN = 0 V, Shutdown Mode 1x Mode, No Load 1.5x Mode, No Load Max Units 0.05 0.3 2.6 1 1 5 mA mA mA 1.2 1.23 V VRSET RSET Regulated Voltage ILED Programmed LED Current IRSET = 5 mA IRSET = 37 mA IRSET = 78 mA 2.4 15.0 30.0 mA ILED−ACC LED Current Accuracy 0.5 mA ≤ ILED ≤ 3 mA 3 mA ≤ ILED ≤ 30 mA ±15 ±5 % ILED−DEV LED Channel Matching (ILED – ILEDAVG) / ILEDAVG ±3 % ROUT Output Resistance (Open Loop) 1x Mode 1.5x Mode, IOUT = 100 mA 1.4 6.5 2.5 10 W fOSC Charge Pump Frequency 0.8 1.0 1.3 MHz 1x to 1.5x Mode Transition Dropout Delay 0.4 0.6 0.9 ms 0.001 1 mA TDROPOUT 1.17 Typ IEN−CTR Input Leakage Current On Inputs EN, CTR0, 1 & 2 VEN−CTR High Detect Threshold Low On Inputs EN, CTR0, 1 & 2 0.4 0.8 1.3 V ISC Input Current Limit VOUT = GND 30 45 60 mA ILIM Maximum Input Current VOUT > 1 V 200 400 600 mA http://onsemi.com 3 CAT3604 Block Diagram 1 μF C1− VIN − 3 V to 4.2 V C1+ C2− C2+ 1x mode (LDO) 1.5x Charge Pump VIN Battery + 1 μF VOUT CIN COUT 1 μF 1 MHz Oscillator 1 μF Mode Control LED1 EN LED2 LED3 1.2 V Ref LED4 RSET RSET 24 kW CTR0 CTR1 CTR2 Current Setting 4 Current Sink Regulators LED Output Select GND Figure 2. CAT3604 Functional Block Diagram http://onsemi.com 4 20 mA CAT3604 Basic Operation At power-up, the CAT3604 starts operation in 1x mode. If it is able to drive the programmed LED current, it continues in 1x mode. If the battery voltage drops to a level where the LED current cannot be met, the driver automatically switches into 1.5x mode. The 1.5x charge pump will boost the output voltage accordingly to achieve the nominal LED current. The operating mode is reinitialized each and every time the chip is powered up or is taken out of shutdown mode (via EN pin). The use of the control pins (CTR0, CTR1, CTR2) does not reconfigure the mode of operation. Table 5. RSET Resistor Selection LED Current (mA) RSET (kW) 1 649 2 287 5 102 10 49.9 15 32.4 20 23.7 30 15.4 LED Current Setting The LED current is set by the external resistor RSET connected between the RSET pin and ground. Table 5 lists various LED currents and the associated RSET resistor value for standard 1% precision surface mount resistors. The digital control lines CTR0, CTR1 and CTR2 allow to turn On or Off a combition of LEDs as shown in Table 6. Table 6. LED Selection Control Lines LED Outputs CTR2 CTR1 CTR0 LED4 LED3 LED2 LED1 0 0 0 – – – ON 0 0 1 – – ON – Short Circuit Detect/Disables 0 1 0 – ON – – The unused LED channels can also be turned off by connecting the respective LED pins to VOUT. In which case, the corresponding LED driver is disabled and the typical LED sink current is only about 20 mA. When the following equation is true on any channel, the driver turns off the LED channel: 0 1 1 ON − – – 1 0 0 – – ON ON 1 0 1 – ON ON ON 1 1 0 ON ON ON ON 1 1 1 – – – – VOUT * V LED v 1 V (LED channel OFF) NOTE: Note: The CAT3604 is designed to drive LEDs with forward voltage greater than 1 V and is not compatible with resistive loads. http://onsemi.com 5 1 = logic high (or VIN) 0 = logic low (or GND) – = LED output OFF CAT3604 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VIN = 3.6 V, EN = VIN, CIN = COUT = 1 mF, RSET = 24 kW, TAMB = 25°C, unless otherwise specified.) 100 1x Mode 90 1.5x Mode EFFICIENCY (%) EFFICIENCY (%) 90 100 80 15 mA per LED 70 20 mA per LED 60 50 40 70 VIN = 3.2 V (1.5x Mode) 60 50 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.2 40 3.0 0 50 100 150 200 DISCHARGING BATTERY (V) TOTAL LED CURRENT (mA) Figure 3. Efficiency vs. Input Voltage (4 LEDs) Figure 4. Efficiency vs. Total LED Current (4 LEDs) 24 16.0 22 1 LED at 20 mA 20 4 LEDs at 20 mA 4 LEDs at 15 mA Vin = 4 V LED CURRENT (mA) LED CURRENT (mA) VIN = 4 V (1x Mode) 80 18 16 4 LEDs at 15 mA 14 15.5 15.0 14.5 12 10 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 14.0 −50 4.2 25 50 75 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 5. LED Current vs. Input Voltage Figure 6. LED Current vs. Temperature 125 0.5 GROUND CURRENT (mA) GROUND CURRENT (mA) 0 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 4 LEDs Off 0.1 0 −25 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 0.4 0.3 0.2 0 −40 4.2 4 LEDs OFF Rset = 500 kW 0.1 −20 0 20 40 60 80 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 7. Ground Current vs. Input Voltage (1x Mode) Figure 8. Ground Current vs. Temperature (1x Mode) http://onsemi.com 6 100 CAT3604 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS 5 100 4 80 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) GROUND CURRENT (mA) (VIN = 3.6 V, EN = VIN, CIN = COUT = 1 mF, RSET = 24 kW, TAMB = 25°C, unless otherwise specified.) 3 2 VIN = 3.6 V all LEDs open 1 1.5x Mode 1x Mode 60 40 20 4 LEDs at 15 mA 0 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 0 4.2 3.8 4.0 Figure 10. Supply Current vs. Input Voltage 4.2 1.10 CLOCK FREQUENCY (MHz) CLOCK FREQUENCY (MHz) 3.6 Figure 9. Ground Current vs. Input Voltage (1.5x Mode) 1.00 0.95 4 LEDs at 20 mA 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 1.05 1.00 VIN = 3.6 V 4 LEDs at 15 mA 0.95 0.90 −40 4.2 −20 0 20 40 60 80 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 11. Oscillator Frequency vs. Input Voltage Figure 12. Oscillator Frequency vs. Temperature 100 10 OUTPUT RESISTANCE (W) 4 OUTPUT RESISTANCE (W) 3.4 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 1.05 3 2 100 mA load 1 0 3.2 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 1.10 0.90 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 8 100 mA load 6 4 2 4.2 25 mA load 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) INPUT VOLTAGE (V) Figure 13. Output Resistance vs. Input Voltage (1x Mode) Figure 14. Output Resistance vs. Input Voltage (1.5x Mode) http://onsemi.com 7 CAT3604 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VIN = 3.6 V, EN = VIN, CIN = COUT = 1 mF, RSET = 24 kW, TAMB = 25°C, unless otherwise specified.) VIN 50mV/ div Input Current 10mA/ div AC coupled VIN 50mV/div AC coupled AC coupled Input Current 10mA/div AC coupled VOUT 50mV/ div VOUT 50mV/div AC coupled AC coupled 500 nsec/div 500 nsec/div Figure 15. Switching Waveforms in 1.5x Mode Figure 16. Operating Waveforms in 1x Mode EN 2V/div EN 2V/div Input Current 100mA/ div Input Current 100mA/div VOUT 2V/div VOUT 2V/div 500 msec/div 500 msec/div Figure 17. Power Up 4 LEDs at 15 mA, Vin = 3 V (1.5x Mode) Figure 18. Power Up 4 LEDs at 15 mA, Vin = 3.6 V (1x Mode) LED CURRENT (mA) 100 Vin 3.6V to 4.9V 1V/div LED Current 5mA/div 10 1 VOUT 2V/div AC coupled 10 100 1000 200 msec/div RSET (kW) Figure 19. LED Current vs. RSET Figure 20. Line Transient Response in 1x Mode http://onsemi.com 8 CAT3604 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VIN = 3.6 V, EN = VIN, CIN = COUT = 1 mF, unless otherwise specified.) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 5 4 1x Mode 3 2 1 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) Figure 21. Foldback Current Limiting Recommended Layout When the driver is in the 1.5x charge pump mode, the 1 MHz switching frequency operation requires to minimize trace length and impedance to ground on all 4 capacitors. A ground plane should cover the area on the bottom side of the PCB opposite to the IC and the bypass capacitors. Capacitors Cin and Cout require short connection to ground which can be done with multiple vias as shown on Figure 22. A square copper area matches the QFN16 exposed pad (GND) which is connected by a trace to the pin 12 pad (GND). A large via (metalized hole) centered in the square pad provides a low impedance connection to the ground plane on the opposite side of the PCB and allows the heat dissipated by the driver IC to spread out resulting in excellent thermal performance. 0.76 mm 2.25 mm Figure 22. PCB Layout 0.35 mm Figure 23. Recommended QFN 16 Package Land Pattern http://onsemi.com 9 4.41 mm 1.95 mm 2.25 mm 0.65 mm CAT3604 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS TQFN16, 4x4 CASE 510AE−01 ISSUE A A D DETAIL A E2 E PIN#1 ID PIN#1 INDEX AREA TOP VIEW SIDE VIEW SYMBOL MIN NOM MAX A 0.70 0.75 0.80 A1 0.00 0.02 0.05 A3 BOTTOM VIEW e b 0.20 REF b 0.25 0.30 0.35 D 3.90 4.00 4.10 D2 2.00 −−− 2.25 E 3.90 4.00 4.10 E2 2.00 −−− 2.25 e L D2 A1 L DETAIL A 0.65 BSC 0.45 −−− A 0.65 Notes: (1) All dimensions are in millimeters. (2) Complies with JEDEC MO-220. A1 A3 FRONT VIEW http://onsemi.com 10 CAT3604 Example of Ordering Information (Notes 6, 7) Prefix Device # Suffix CAT 3604 HV4 −G T2 Company ID (Optional) Product Number 3604 Package HV4: TQFN Lead Finish G: NiPdAu Blank: Matte−Tin Tape & Reel (Note 10) T: Tape & Reel 2: 2,000 / Reel 6. The device used in the above example is a CAT3604HV4−GT2 (TQFN, NiPdAu Plated Finish, Tape & Reel, 2,000/Reel). 7. All packages are RoHS−compliant (Lead−free, Halogen−free). 8. The standard lead finish is NiPdAu. 9. For additional package and temperature options, please contact your nearest ON Semiconductor Sales office. 10. For information on tape and reel specifications, including part orientation and tape sizes, please refer to our Tape and Reel Packaging Specifications Brochure, BRD8011/D. ON Semiconductor and are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. 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