Cardiomyocyte in-vitro Toxicity Assay iPS derived cell drug discovery in FDSS Recently, studies of iPS cells (induced pluripotent stem cells) have made a huge impact in the drug discovery field. Currently, human iPS cell (hiPSC) derived various specific types of cells such as cardiomyocytes and neural cells are now widely available commercially, and the screening of chemical compounds for drug discovery using these hiPSC-derived is possible. Screening using hiPSC-derived cells is expected to provide more effective and easy way to evaluate the pharmacological and toxic effects of test compounds in cell-based assays. HAMAMATSU has developed new functions for the FDSS/µCELL which allows the measurement and analysis of calcium transients in hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. This is useful for in vitro toxicity screening using human cardiomyocytes, particularly at the early stage of drug development. ® FDSS /µCELL The FDSS/µCELL is a kinetic plate reader with an integrated dispensing head and imaging-based detector. Simultaneous dispensing into the entire 96/384 well plates and simultaneous detection of the kinetics of the fluorescence or luminescence intensity allow quick measurements with no time lag for the 96/384 well plate. The technologies employed in the FDSS series are integrated into a compact body, enabling simple-to-use operation, suitable for assay development or in researching basic cellbased kinetic assay. Feature ●Small footprint, affordable, easy-to-use ●Simultaneous dispense and imaging whole 96/384 plate ●Dedicated optics to measure all well uniformly ●Long life and stable LED light source ●2 wavelength measurement options [FDSS/µCELL components] Dispenser head Disposable tips Assay plate Excitation light source Emission filter Camera lens Ca2+-transient measurements in human iPS-derived cardiomyocytes Cell: iCell® Cardiomyocytes (Cellular Dynamics International) Probe: Fluo-8/AM FDSS/µCELL is capable of measuring Ca2+-transients in iPS/ESderived cardiomyocytes in 96/384-well plate format. 2 Camera (sensor) FDSS/µCELL New Option 1 New Functions ●Temperature control with Heater Unit for stable beating of cardiomyocytes ●High speed data acquisition to accurately measure calcium oscillation (calcium transients) in cardiomyocytes. ●Software for analysis of calcium oscillation waveforms Above three options are developed to have more reliable results from the cardiomyocyte assay. Equipping with all of these options provide efficiency to compound toxicity study in early drug discovery stage. New Option 2 New Option 3 Heater unit High Speed Data Acquisition option Analysis Software for waveform of calcium oscillation N=9 well N=9 well 60 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 5min 10min 20min 30min The High Speed Data Acquisition option for the FDSS/µCELL can acquire images with very short interval times (approx. 10 ms). To accurately measure the calcium oscillation in cardiomyocytes requires such high speed. 100 ms After measuring the calcium oscillation in cardiomyocytes with the FDSS/µCELL, you need to analyze the data. The new FDSS analysis software allows quick and easy analysis of the waveform of calcium oscillation. 8 ms with heater(37 °C) without heater(RT) Beating rate(bpm) New Option 3 New Option 1 The Heater Unit is designed to maintain a stable temperature of all wells in a microplate at +35 °C to +37 °C. The beating of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes is very sensitive to temperature and easily looses stability at room temperature. The heater unit greatly improves the stability of beating. 0min New Option 2 Cells: Cor.At® cardiomyocytes (Axiogenesis AG) 0min 5min 10min 20min 30min Cell: iCell ® Cardiomyocytes (Cellular Dynamics International) The above graph shows the changes in the beating rate of human cardiomyocytes in a microplate on the FDSS/µCELL during 30 minute incubation. Without the heater unit (left column, at room temperature), the beating rate gradually decreased with time and the rate dropped by half after 30 minute incubation. In contrast, when the well temperature was maintained at +37 °C using the heater unit (right), the beating rate was unchanged even after 30 minute incubation. The above graph shows the fluorescent intensity change (calcium concentration change) in cardiomyocytes in a well, which were measured with 100 ms (left) and 8 ms (right) sampling intervals respectively. The main difference between the measurements with the two sampling rates is the time from the resting calcium concentration level (bottom) to reaching to the maximum calcium concentration (peak). It is shorter when measured with 8 ms intervals, which shows you may miss the accurate peak point in measurements with 100 ms sampling intervals. Shorter sampling intervals enables us to measure calcium oscillation more accurately. Above is the capture of the beat analyzing software. This software is launched from FDSS software. Open the data with FDSS software and show the range to analyze. Then press the button to launch this software. 16 parameters can be analyzed by this software. 3 Analysis Software for waveform of calcium oscillation in cardiomyocytes Support your analysis with multiple parameters (e.g. peak number) of calcium oscillation in iPS/ES-derived cardiomyocytes. Feature ●Visualize and analyze the calcium oscillation in cardiomyocytes. ●Auto-setting and visualized setting configuration. ●Flexible settings for various type of waveform. ●16 analysis parameters available. Parameters (1) Peak number (Total, BPM) (2) P-P time [ms] (Ave, Std, Max, Min) (3) Ratio (Ave, Std) (4) AMP (Ave, Std) (5) RMP (Ave, Std) *Ratio = (AMP + RMP) / RMP Slope (Ave, Std) (6) (7) Rising Slope: Slope from bottom to peak Falling Slope: Slope from peak to bottom peak bottom setting can be selected 0 % - 100 %, 10 % - 90 %, 20 % - 80 %, 30 % - 70 % Integration (Ave, Std) (8) to PWD (PWD10 to 90) [ms] (Ave, Std) (16) Fig1 Procedure data loading 1 FDSS Press the button in the FDSS software to launch the analysis software and the data shown in current range is transfered to be analyzed. preparation 2 Data ●Interpolation Duplicate the sampling number to interpolate the missing sampling for low sampling rate data. ●Smoothing Smoothing is to remove the noize in the waveform data, useful for very high sampling rate data. settings 3 Analyze ●Irregular peak detection level Threshold to judge irregular beating ●Base line Select median or bottom value to create base line, and its range. ●Peak parameter Configure the threshold level from the baseline to detect peak, and to set the width range for one peak. ●AUTO Automatic settings are available. 4 Analyze Select the necessary parameter and analyze for the whole plate or well by well Fig2 5 Results Displays data in plate format, waveform for the selected well ●Analyzed data display in plate format ●Colored plate to visualize the data value high/low among the wells. ●Analyzed waveform display for the selected well out results 6 Text Exporting data in text file with plate format, and the data of each well. 4 FDSS/µCELL Experimental Protocol Standard protocol for calcium ion assay using iPS-derived cardiomyocytes are determined by the cell manufacturer. Please consult your cell manufacturer for details 1 2 Plating cells in 96/384-well microplates Step1 Coat the plate with the material described in the cell provider’s instruction manual. Step2 Thaw, plate and culture the cells according to the cell provider’s instruction manual. Ca2+ dye loading to cells Step1 Prepare the Loading buffer at +37 °C Loading buffers HEPES-Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (calcium, magnesium) (pH7.4) 2 µM Fluo8-AM 0.05 % Pluronic F-127 1.25 µM Probenecid Life Technologies #14025-092 Life Technologies #15630-056 AAT Bioquest #21083 Life Technologies # P-6866 Sigma #P8761 Loading Step2 · Remove the culture medium · Add 80 µL/well of +37 °C Loading buffer prepared in step 1 · Incubate the cells for 1 hour at +37 °C in 5 % CO2 Wash out Step3 · Remove Loading buffer · Add 100 µL/well of +37 °C HEPES-Hank's Balanced Salt Solution NOTE: This dye loading protocol is just one example you may need to optimize it to have better performance in your experiments. 3 FDSS Data Acquisition / Data Analysis Instrument Set up Step1 · Turn on the system 30 minutes before the experiment to cool the camera and to warm the stage up to +37 °C · Launch FDSS software Protocol Setting Step2 · Set the interval to 10 ms to 30 ms, and configure the sampling number · Set the dispense parameter if dispense is necessary in the protocol. Data acquisition and analysis Step3 · Start assay with the configured setting protocol · Open the measured data and analyze them 5 Measurement and Analysis examples In-vitro toxicity study examples using iPS/ES derived cardiomyocytes Evaluated Compound List Compound Arrythmia Contractability Concentration of Compound Description Aspirin Known compound as inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which does not show cardiotoxicity in this experiment E-4031 Known compound for hERG potassium channel blocker Isoproterenol Known compound which sitimulates cardiomyocyte influencing β-receptor 30 nM to 30 µM 10 nM to 10 µM ● 30 nM to 30 µM ● Compound 1 Aspirin BPM 1000 500 µM µM 30 10 µM µM nM nM 0 30 10 0 M µM µM 30 10 µM µM 1 3 nM nM 0 0 10 30 M nM 0 30 µM µM 30 10 µM µM 1 3 nM nM 0 0 10 30 M nM nM 0 0 0 2000 1000 20 0 3000 0 40 30 µM 4000 AMP (RFU) 60 30 10 µM AMP 1500 80 P-P time (ms) peak numbers/min 3 µM P-P time 100 6 1 µM 300 nM 1 100 nM 3 30 nM 30 0M FDSS/µCELL Compound 2 E-4031 30 nM BPM 20 0 2000 0 M 0 M 0 10 10 3000 1000 0 M -5 nM -8 -7 -6 log [Ligand,M] 0 Control 1000 30 n 10 M 0 nM 30 0 nM 1 µM 3 µM 10 µM -20 2000 4000 10 0 40 3000 AMP (RFU) 20 60 5000 30 n 10 M 0 nM 30 0 nM 1 µM 3 µM 10 µM 40 10 µM AMP 4000 P-P time (ms) peak numbers/min peak numbers/min 60 3 µM P-P time 80 80 1 µM 300 nM 30 n 10 M 0 nM 30 0 nM 1 µM 3 µM 10 µM IC50 from BPM 100 nM nM 10 nM nM 0M Compound 3 Isoproterenol BPM AMP (RFU) 1000 500 4000 3000 2000 1000 µM µM 10 30 µM µM 1 10 0 n 30 M 0 nM nM µM µM 10 30 µM µM 1 3 10 0 n 30 M 0 nM M 0 nM 0 M P-P time (ms) µM µM 30 10 µM -4 µM -5 5000 0 1 -7 -6 log [Ligand,M] 0 3 Control 20 n 10 M 0 nM 30 0 nM 50 40 M 60 60 30 peak numbers/min 70 30 µM AMP 1500 80 0 peak numbers/min 80 10 µM P-P time 100 90 3 µM 0 EC50 from BPM 1 µM 300 nM 3 100 nM 30 30nM 30 0M 7 System Configuration FDSS/µCELL Cardiomyocyte package Configuration details FDSS/µCELL main unit with assay stage, compound wash stage with FDSS/µCELL main unit fluorescence sensor unit build in. Tip mounter Tip mounter High speed/sensitive sensor EM-CCD Camera with digital Interface board, camera link cable 5 m B Excitation Light source Light source for Fluo-4 96 tip type dispensing unit (10 µl to 200 µl) Dispenser Heads 384 tip type dispensing unit (1 µl to 30 µl) Heater unit For assay plate stage Data Analysis Unit Package FDSS/µCELL data analysis unit equipped with high speed data acquisition software module and beat analysis software Dimension / Weight (Main unit) 550 mm(W) × 1600 mm(H) × 670 mm(D) / approx. 200 kg Dimension / Weight (Data Analysis unit) 300 mm(W) × 500 mm(H) × 500 mm(D) / approx. 20 kg [Dimensions (Unit: mm)] 670 1600 550 FDSS is registered trademark of Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. (China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, U.K., U.S.A.) 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