Consumer Electronics SPA Training Training Agenda – Silicon Protection Array Definition and Circuit Protection – Silicon Protection Array Basic Characteristics and Related Physics – Typical Silicon Protection Array Types and Related Segments – Silicon Protection Array Selection Concepts – Littelfuse Silicon Protection Array Brands and Future Development – Frontiers of Silicon Protection Array Technology Confidential and Proprietary to Littelfuse, Inc. © 2007 Littelfuse, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 Consumer Electronics SPA Training Silicon Protection Array Definition – Silicon Protection Arrays are protection ICs with an array of semiconductor structures for ESD and over-voltage protection of sensitive input circuits. – SCR and TVS technology is utilized in the LF diode array devices. Circuit Protection Concepts – Need to protect against ESD threats to sensitive ICs and other components • Human body generated • Environmental (non-human) – Regulatory requirements related to circuit protection • IEC 61000-4-2 • HBM (MIL-STD-883D, Method 3015) • ANSI/ESD SP5.1.1 – Method of Circuit Protection • Line to ground, line to line, and rail clamp configuration to fit various protection needs • ESD voltage transient clamped to 10 Volts or less • SOT23, SC70, SOT5xx, SOT9xx various packages to meet stringent board space requirements Confidential and Proprietary to Littelfuse, Inc. © 2007 Littelfuse, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 SPA and Consumer Electronics Circuit Protection Silicon Protection Array Definition – Silicon Protection Arrays are protection ICs with an array of semiconductor structures for ESD and over-voltage protection of sensitive input circuits. – The LF SP7 series protection arrays are rail clamp type devices. They have 2 protection SCR/Diode device structure per input. The number of available inputs varies from 2, 4, 6, 8, 16…depends on the design. Also, multiple protection cell structures could be paralleled for a single input to enhance ESD withstanding capability. – The LF SP5 series protection arrays are Avalanche type devices. They have one avalanche diode device structure per input. The Anode of the avalanche diode is connected to ground. There may be arbitrary number of inputs available for each diode array device. Protection diode array Input connection Protection IC structure SP7 Rail Clamp SCR SP5 Rail or Line Clamp Avalanche and/or Steering Diode Low cap. SPA Line Clamp Avalanche and Steering Diode Confidential and Proprietary to Littelfuse, Inc. © 2007 Littelfuse, Inc. All rights reserved. 3 SPA and Consumer Electronics Circuit Protection ESD Threats in Consumer Electronics Systems Besides short circuit and overload conditions, interference susceptibility is a common and major threat to the consumer electronics. The IEC 61000 standard has categorized this threat as the follows: – "Soft" failure • Data corruption or system latch up – Latent damage • The circuit is still functional, but components have been damaged and can degrade with time or have a shortened life span. A typical result is increased leakage current. – Permanent damage or Catastrophic failure • Junction burnout • Oxide punch-through • Melted trace Confidential and Proprietary to Littelfuse, Inc. © 2007 Littelfuse, Inc. All rights reserved. 4 SPA and Consumer Electronics Circuit Protection ESD Modeling - Human Body Model IEC Model •Based on Metal to Metal Contact Method •Used in IEC 61000-4-2 Test Standard for ESD Events ANSI/HBM Model •Based on Skin to Metal Contact Method •Used in Military Standard for ESD Events Confidential and Proprietary to Littelfuse, Inc. © 2007 Littelfuse, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 SPA and Consumer Electronics Circuit Protection IEC 61000-4-2 • Most commonly referenced standard • CE Marking certifies compliance to testing to 61000-4-2 guidelines • Most severe, in terms of current delivered to DUT • “Pass” is achieved if system suffers no upset or damage • 10 pulses are applied to the Device Under Test, in the polarity that the DUT is most sensitive to Confidential and Proprietary to Littelfuse, Inc. © 2007 Littelfuse, Inc. All rights reserved. 6 SPA and Consumer Electronics Circuit Protection Silicon Protection Array Advantages as ESD Suppression Device • Provides most reliable clamping protection – Compared to other available over-voltage protection technologies such as GDT, MOV, and PGB, the Bipolar structure of the SCR and Avalanche protection arrays will not degrade over time (when the ESD pulse is within the device surge rating). • Lowest clamping voltage – The SCR rail clamp voltage is determined by the VBE of the internal SCR structure which is less than one volt. – The Avalanche line clamping voltage is determined by the internal avalanche voltage which could be on the order of 5-7 Volts. • Offers various types of packaging and multiple input lines – Offers IC chip design versatility and wide availability of the IC package styles – Extremely adaptable to the smaller product packaging requirements and multi-line schemes of today's cell phone, pocket PC, and other consumer handheld electronics • Fast response time – Both the SCR and Avalanche protection structures of the LF protection arrays offer fast response speeds in the measure of pico seconds. Confidential and Proprietary to Littelfuse, Inc. © 2007 Littelfuse, Inc. All rights reserved. 7 Consumer Electronics SPA Training Section 2 Silicon Protection Array Characteristics and Device Physics Basic Silicon Protection Array Characteristics – Electrical Characteristics • Trigger voltage • Clamping voltage • Response time • Leakage current – Maximum ratings • Continuous / Transient • ESD Pulse withstand – Thermal Characteristics • De-rating – Signal Integrity Characteristics Silicon Protection Array Construction and Related Performance Characteristics – Array structure vs. electrical characteristics – Array structure vs. Maximum ratings – Array de-rating and physics Confidential and Proprietary to Littelfuse, Inc. © 2007 Littelfuse, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 SPA Characteristics and Device Physics Electrical Characteristics SCR Type Devices: The V+ and V- supply voltage may be changed to suite the needs of the circuit under protection. The range of the voltage may be power supply levels ranging from 4.5V up to 35V. Input Capacitance is about 3pF. Confidential and Proprietary to Littelfuse, Inc. © 2007 Littelfuse, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 SPA Characteristics and Device Physics Electrical Characteristics Avalanche Type Devices: Power supply voltage is not required. The voltage can range from 0V-7V before breakdown. Input Capacitance ranges from 1pF to 100pF. Confidential and Proprietary to Littelfuse, Inc. © 2007 Littelfuse, Inc. All rights reserved. 10 SPA Characteristics and Device Physics Device Construction The construction of an SCR Type array Equivalent SCR circuits of the protection cells Confidential and Proprietary to Littelfuse, Inc. © 2007 Littelfuse, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 Consumer Electronics SPA Training Section 3 SPA Consumer Electronics Applications Examples Typically used for ESD protection of extremely high-speed data lines – Keyboards/keypads – S-video output – RS 232 (serial) ports – IEEE 1284 (parallel) ports – USB 1.1 (serial) ports – 10BaseT Ethernet – 100BaseT Ethernet (depending on system capacitance) Confidential and Proprietary to Littelfuse, Inc. © 2007 Littelfuse, Inc. All rights reserved. 12 SPA Consumer Electronics Applications Examples Application of SCR Type Array Confidential and Proprietary to Littelfuse, Inc. © 2007 Littelfuse, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 Diode Array Consumer Electronics Applications Examples Protected circuit SP0503BAHT Application of Avalanche Type Array Confidential and Proprietary to Littelfuse, Inc. © 2007 Littelfuse, Inc. All rights reserved. 14 SPA Consumer Electronics Applications Examples Global Lab Capabilities • • Qualification of all LF products UL-Approved Customer Testing in ISO 17025 Lab (Des Plaines) – High power (AC/DC up to 1KV/50KA) UL approvals available in DP – Telcordia approvals in DP planned (2008) Verification of Telcordia, ITU, IEC, FCC, and other industry, regulatory, and safety standards – Verification to various OC and OV standards • Insure application meets standards before submitting for approval Customer Application testing – Assistance with design-in and performance verification • Help with selection of appropriate technology and rating – Application troubleshooting • Assistance insuring proper OV/OC and primary/secondary protection coordination – Competitive evaluations • Competitive or technology performance comparisons – Reliability & Tin Whisker data/testing Typical IEC 61000-4-2 ESD Waveform Response for V5.5MLA0603 @ 15KV Contact Discharge (Enlarged View) 650 550 Voltage (volts) • • 450 350 V5.5MLA0603 250 TestBoard 150 50 -50 -4 1 6 11 16 21 Time (nsec) Confidential and Proprietary to Littelfuse, Inc. © 2007 Littelfuse, Inc. All rights reserved. 15 Consumer Electronics SPA Training Section 4 Diode Array Consumer Electronics Application Product Selection – SPA Feature comparison – SPA Circuit Protection Techniques • Basic diode operation • TVS diode array protection • Rail Clamp diode array protection – SPA board Placement • Must be placed close to I/O interface • Must be placed directly between the dataline and the chassis ground Confidential and Proprietary to Littelfuse, Inc. © 2007 Littelfuse, Inc. All rights reserved. 16 SPA Product Selection Feature Comparison Avalanche Diode vs. Rail Clamp Parameter Capacitance (pF) Power handling Input Polarity Transient Protection Avalanche Diode 30 - 39 ESD Only * Unipolar / Bipolar Bi - Directional High Voltage Low Voltage Rail Clamp Rail Clamp 3-5 0.8 - 5 ESD, EFT and Lightning ESD Only * Bipolar Unipolar Bi - Directional Bi - Directional Comments Key factor in selection Driven by absorbed power Refers to normal input signal Confidential and Proprietary to Littelfuse, Inc. © 2007 Littelfuse, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 SPA Product Selection SP Series TVS Avalanche Diode Arrays Input terminals are connected to the signal lines requiring protection “Positive” Transient Once the reverse standoff voltage has been exceeded, the diode conducts and the transient is clamped. Protected Circuit SP0503BAHT Confidential and Proprietary to Littelfuse, Inc. © 2007 Littelfuse, Inc. All rights reserved. 18 SPA Product Selection Input terminals are connected to the signal lines requiring protection “Upper Pair”: Clamps at 0.7V above V+ “Lower Pair”: Clamps at 0.7V below V- Confidential and Proprietary to Littelfuse, Inc. © 2007 Littelfuse, Inc. All rights reserved. 19 Consumer Electronics SPA Training Section 5 SPA Product Road Map Variant Surge (kV) Cap (pF) SP 7xxx 4 3 SP 05 20 30 SP 05 8 8 SP LC 05 8 0.6 SP LC 05 15 1.2 Confidential and Proprietary to Littelfuse, Inc. © 2007 Littelfuse, Inc. All rights reserved. 20 Consumer Electronics SPA Training Section 6 Consumer Electronics Diode Array Technology Challenges – SPA Trigger Voltage – SPA Clamping Voltage – Higher Surge Ratings in Smaller Packages – Greater Multiple Line Protection in Smaller Packages – SPA Technology Combined in Same Package with other Technologies – Higher Operating Temperatures Confidential and Proprietary to Littelfuse, Inc. © 2007 Littelfuse, Inc. All rights reserved. 21