Hartcran House, 231 Kenton Lane, Harrow, Middlesex, HA3 8RP, England Tel: +44 (0) 20 8909 9595, Fax: +44 (0) 20 8909 2233, www.radiometrix.com TX2A/RX2A Issue 1, 2nd August 2012 UHF FM Data Transmitter and Receiver Modules The TX2A and RX2A data link modules are a miniature PCB mounting UHF radio transmitter and receiver pair which enable the simple implementation of a data link at up to 64 kbps at distances up to 75 metres in-building and 300 metres open ground. Features CE certified by independent Notified Body Verified to comply with harmonised radio standard EN 300 220-3 and EMC standard EN 301 489-3 by accredited Test Laboratory Data rates up to 64 kbps Usable range up to 300 m Versions available on 433.92MHz and 434.42MHz Fully screened Fig 1: TX2A-433-64 & RX2A-433-64 Available for operation at 433.92MHz or 434.42MHz in the UK and Europe, both modules combine full screening with extensive internal filtering to ensure EMC compliance by minimising spurious radiations and susceptibilities. The TX2A and RX2A modules will suit one-to-one and multi-node wireless links in applications including car and building security, EPOS and inventory tracking, remote industrial process monitoring and computer networking. Because of their small size and low power requirements, both modules are ideal for use in portable, battery-powered applications such as hand-held terminals. Technical Summary Transmitter - TX2A Crystal-locked PLL, FM modulated at up to 64 Kbps Operation from 2.2V to 16V (Dependent on version) +10dBm on 433.92MHz High efficiency, >30%, DC to RF Improved frequency and deviation accuracy 2nd harmonic, > -60dBc Receiver - RX2A Single conversion FM superhet SAW front end filter gives >50dB image rejection Operation from 2.7V to 16V @ 12mA Built-in regulator for improved stability and supply noise rejection -101dBm sensitivity @ 1ppm BER, 64kb/s version -108dBm sensitivity @ 1ppm BER, 10kb/s version RSSI output with 60dB range Extremely low LO leakage, <-100dBm Evaluation platforms: UNI-EVAL, NBEK+SIL carrier Radiometrix Ltd, TX2A/RX2A Data Sheet page 1 Functional description The TX2A transmitter module is a crystal based PLL controlled FM transmitter operating between 2.2V and 16V and is available in 433.92MHz. The TX2A module is type approved to EN 300 220-3 for European use and delivers nominally +10dBm at 11mA. The module measures 32 x 12 x 3.8 mm. The RX2A module is a single conversion FM superhet receiver capable of handling data rates of up to 64kbps. It will operate from a supply of 2.7V to 16V and draws 10mA when receiving. The RX2A features a fast powerup time for effective duty cycle power saving and a signal strength (RSSI) output with 60dB of range. Full screening and a SAW front-end filter give good immunity to interference. The SIL style RX2A measures 48 x 17.5 x 4.5 mm excluding the pins. TX2A transmitter supply regulator 5 2.2 -- 16V 4 En 2 RF out 433.92 MHz band pass filter ÷32 buffer φ VCO 3 RF gnd ref osc 35kHz LPF 7 TXD Loop Filter 6 0V 1 Fig. 2: TX2A block diagram RF GND (pins 1&3) RF ground, internally connected to the module screen and pin 6 (0V). These pins should be directly connected to the RF return path - e.g. coax braid, main PCB ground plane etc. 3.8 mm 32 mm Pin description 12.0 mm 12.5 mm Radiometrix TX2A PCB level RF OUT (pin 2) 50Ω RF output to the antenna. Internally DCisolated. See antenna section of apps notes for details of suitable antennas. En (pin 4) Tx enable. <0.15V shuts down module (current <1µA). >1.7V enables the transmitter. Impedance ~1MΩ. Observe slew rate requirements (see apps notes). 15.24 mm 1 2 4 3 5 6 7 1 = RF GND 2 = RF OUT 3 = RF GND 4 = En 5 = Vcc 6 = 0V 7 = TXD 7 holes, 0.7 mm dia, pin spacing 2.54 mm Fig 3: TX2A physical dimensions Vcc (pin 5) +2.2V to +16V DC supply. Max ripple content 0.1VP-P. Decoupling is not generally required. 0V (pin 6) DC supply ground. Internally connected to pins 1 & 3 and module screen. TXD (pin 7) DC-coupled modulation input. Accepts serial digital data at 0V to 2.5V levels. See applications notes for suggested drive methods. Input is high impedance (>100kΩ). Notes: 1. The 3V and 5V supply variant TX2As intended for direct replacement to our SAW based TX2 modules and do not have internal regulator. They also have identical pin out as of TX2, hence lack pin 3 (GND) and pin 4 (Enable). 2. The TXD input of 3V and 5V versions require serial digital data at 0-Vcc levels. i.e. 0-3V and 0-5V respectively Radiometrix Ltd, TX2A/RX2A Data Sheet page 2 RX2A receiver 433MHz SAW BPF 1 RF in Audio LPF (fRF - 10.7MHz) 16 10.7MHz ceramic discriminator IF2/Lim 10.7MHz IF1 10.7MHz LNA 2 LNA 1 3 RSSI 10.7MHz IF filter MIXER AF buffer 6 AF out data slicer 7 RXD CL VCO RT XTAL OSC. +2.8V regulated to circuit Loop filter Crystal Phase 26/28MHz detector Low dropout regulator 10kΩ CT 5 V cc (Fixed frequency PLL Osc.) 4 0V 2 RF gnd Figure 4: RX2A Block diagram 48 mm Pin description 17.5 mm 18.0 mm RF IN (pin 1) 50Ω input from the antenna, DC isolated RX2A RF GND (pin 2) RF ground pin, internally connected to the module screen and pin 4 (0V). This pin should be connected to the RF return path (coax braid, main PCB ground plane etc.) Radiometrix PCB level 30.48 mm 1 RSSI (pin 3) Received signal strength indicator with 60dB range. See page 4 for typical characteristics. 4.5 mm 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 = RF IN 2 = RF GND 3 = RSSI 4 = 0V 5 = Vcc 6 = AF out 7 = RXD 7 holes of 0.7 mm dia. pin spacing 2.54mm Figure 5: Physical dimensions 0V (pin 4) DC supply ground. Internally connected to pin 2 and module screen. Vcc (pin 5) +2.7V to +16.0V DC supply. Max ripple content 0.1Vp-p. Decoupling is not generally required. AF out (pin 6) Buffered and filtered analogue output from the FM demodulator. Standing DC bias 1.1V approx. External load should be >10kΩ // <100pF. RXD (pin 7) Digital output from the internal data slicer. The data is a squared version of the signal on pin 6 (AF) and is true data, i.e. as fed to the transmitter. Output is “open-collector” format with internal 10kΩ pull-up to Vcc (pin 5). Radiometrix Ltd, TX2A/RX2A Data Sheet page 3 Absolute maximum ratings Survival Maximums: Exceeding the values given below may cause permanent damage to the module. Operating temperature Storage temperature -20°C to +70°C -40°C to +100°C TX2A, all variants Vcc (pin 3) Data input (pin 5) RF out (pin 2) -0.3V to +16.0V +/- 7V ±50V DC 10dBm RF RX2A all variants Vcc (pin 5) RSSI, AF, RXD (pins 3,6,7) RF IN (pin 1) -0.V to +16V -0.1V to + 3V ±8V DC, +10dBm RF Performance Specifications: TX2A transmitter (Temperature = 20ºC unless stated) pin min. typ. max. units notes DC LEVELS supply voltage supply voltage supply voltage 3 3 3 2.2 4.0 3 3.0 5.0 - 4.0 6.0 16 V V V -3V version -5V version STD CURRENT & RF POWER TX2A-433-64-3V supply current @ Vcc = 3V RF power @ Vcc = 3V 3 2 9 +8 11 +10 13 +12 mA dBm 1 TX2A-433-64-5V supply current @ Vcc = 5V RF power @ Vcc = 5V 3 2 9 +8 11 +10 13 +12 mA dBm 1 TX2A-433-64-STD supply current @ Vcc = 5V RF power @ Vcc = 5V 3 2 9 +8 11 +10 13 +12 mA dBm 1 RF nd 2 harmonic harmonics @ > 1GHz initial frequency accuracy overall frequency accuracy 2 2 - -20 -25 -70 -60 +/-10 +/-10 -54 -40 +20 +25 dBc dBc kHz kHz FM deviation (+/-) Modulation bandwidth @ -3dB - 20 DC 27 - 35 35 kHz kHz modulation distortion (THD) power up time to full RF - - 5 1 10 1.5 % ms 1 1 Note: 1. Measured into a 50Ω load. Radiometrix Ltd, TX2A/RX2A Data Sheet page 4 Performance specifications: RX2A o (Vcc = 5.0V / temperature = 20 C unless stated) pin min. DC supply Supply voltage Supply current typ. max units notes 1 5 5 2.7 11 5.0 11.6 16.0 13 V mA RF/ IF RF sensitivity for 10dB (S+N/N) RF sensitivity for 10dB (S+N/N) RF sensitivity for 1ppm BER RF sensitivity for 1ppm BER RSSI range IF bandwidth Image rejection ½-IF spurious rejection LO leakage, conducted 1,6 1,6 1,7 1,7 1,3 1 1 1 50 - -115 -108 -108 -101 60 180 53 94 -120 -100 dBm dBm dBm dBm dB kHz dB dB dBm 10kb/s version 64kb/s version 10kb/s version 64kb/s version Baseband Baseband bandwidth @ -3dB Baseband bandwidth @ -3dB AF level DC offset on AF out Distortion on recovered AF Ultimate (S+N)/N Load capacitance, AFout/RXD 6 6 6 6 6 6 6,7 0 0 0.45 - 500 1.1 1 40 - 7.8 50 1.75 5 100 kHz kHz mVP-P V % dB pF 10kb/s version 64kb/s version 2 3 3 DYNAMIC TIMING Power up with signal present Power up to valid RSSI Power up to stable data Power up to stable data 3,5 5,7 5,7 - 1 10 5 30 10 ms ms ms 3, 10kb/s version 3, 64kb/s version Signal applied with supply on RSSI response time (rise/fall) Signal to stable data Signal to stable data 1,3 1,7 1,7 - 100 5 5 30 10 µs ms ms 3, 10kb/s version 3, 64kb/s version 7 7 7 0.1 15.6 20 50 15 1500 80 ms µs % 4, 10kb/s version 4, 64kb/s version 5 Time between data transitions Time between data transitions Mark:space ratio Notes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Current increases at higher RF input levels (>-20dBm and above) For received signal with ±40kHz FM deviation. Typical figures are for signal at centre frequency, max. figures are for ±50kHz offset. For 50:50 mark to space ratio (i.e. square wave). Average over 30ms (10kb/s version) or 3ms (64kb/s version) at maximum data rate. Radiometrix Ltd, TX2A/RX2A Data Sheet page 5 Power supply requirement The standard TX2A and the RX2A modules incorporate a built-in regulator which delivers a constant 2.8V to the module circuitry when the external supply voltage is 2.85V or greater, with 40dB or more of supply ripple rejection. This ensures constant performance up to the maximum permitted supply rail and removes the need for external supply decoupling except in cases where the supply rail is extremely poor (ripple/noise content >0.1Vp-p). Note, however, that for supply voltages lower than 2.85V the regulator is effectively inoperative and supply ripple rejection is considerably reduced. Under these conditions the ripple/noise on the supply rail should be below 10mVp-p to avoid problems. If the quality of the supply is in doubt, it is recommended that a 10µF lowESR tantalum or similar capacitor be added between the module supply pin (Vcc) and ground, together with a 10Ω series feed resistor between the Vcc pin and the supply rail. The Enable pin allows the module to be turned on or off under logic control with a constant DC supply to the Vcc pin. The module current in power-down mode is less than 1µA. NOTE: If this facility is used, the logic control signal must have a slew rate of 40mV/ms or more. Slew rates less than this value may cause erratic operation of the on-board regulator and therefore the module itself. The TX2A incorporates a low voltage shutoff circuit, which prevents any possibility of erratic operation by disabling the RF output if the supply voltage drops below 2.2V (±5%). This feature is self-resetting, i.e. restoring the supply to greater than 2.2V will immediately restore full RF output from the module. TX2A modulation requirements The module will produce the specified FM deviation with a TXD input to pin 7 of 2.5V amplitude, i.e. 0V "low", 2.5V "high". Reducing the amplitude of the data input from this value (usually as a result of reducing the supply voltage) reduces the transmitted FM deviation to typically ±25kHz at the lower extreme of 2.2V. The receiver will cope with this quite happily and no significant degradation of link performance should be observed as a result. Where standard 2-level digital data is employed with a logic "low" level of 0V ±0.2V, the logic "high" level applied to TXD may be any value between +2.5V and +3V for correct operation. However, if using multi-level or analogue signalling the maximum positive excursion of the modulation applied to TXD must not exceed +2.5V or waveform distortion will result. If the input waveform exceeds this level a resistive potential divider should be used at the TXD input to reduce the waveform amplitude accordingly. This input is high impedance (>100kΩ) and can usually be ignored when calculating required resistor values. Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) The module incorporates a wide range RSSI which measures the strength of an incoming signal over a range of approximately 60dB. This allows assessment of link quality and available margin and is useful when performing range tests. Please note that the actual RSSI voltage at any given RF input level varies somewhat between units. The RSSI facility is intended as a relative indicator only - it is not designed to be, or suitable as, an accurate and repeatable measure of absolute signal level or transmitter-receiver distance. The output on pin 3 of the module has a standing DC bias of 0.15V-0.45V (0.25V typ.) with no signal, rising to 0.9-1.3V (1.15V typ.) at maximum indication. The RSSI output source impedance is high (~50kΩ) and external loading should therefore be kept to a minimum. To ensure a fast response the RSSI has limited internal decoupling of 1nF to ground. This may result in a small amount of ripple on the DC output at pin 3 of the module. If this is a problem further decoupling may be added at the expense of response speed, in the form of a capacitor from pin 3 to ground. For example, adding 10nF here will increase RSSI response time from 100µs to around 1ms. The value of this capacitor may be increased without limit. Radiometrix Ltd, TX2A/RX2A Data Sheet page 6 RSSI output (V) Typical RSSI characteristic is shown below (this is for indicative purposes only and is not a guarantee of actual RSSI characteristics): 1.2 1.1 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 -130 -120 -110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 RF level (dBm) Figure 6: Typical RSSI response Module mounting considerations The module may be mounted vertically or bent horizontal to the motherboard. Good RF layout practice should be observed – in particular, any ground return required by the antenna or feed should be connected directly to the RF GND pin at the antenna end of the module, and not to the OV pin which is intended as a DC ground only. All connecting tracks should be kept as short as possible to avoid any problems with stray RF pickup. If the connection between module and antenna does not form part of the antenna itself, it should be made using 50Ω microstrip line or coax or a combination of both. It is desirable (but not essential) to fill all unused PCB area around the module with ground plane. The module may be potted if required in a viscous compound which cannot enter the screen can. Warning: DO NOT wash the module. It is not hermetically sealed. Radiometrix Ltd, TX2A/RX2A Data Sheet page 7 Antenna requirements Three types of integral antenna are recommended and approved for use with the module: 0.5 mm enameled copper wire close wound on 3.2 mm diameter former RF 433 MHz = 24 turns A. Helical antenna Feed point 15% to 25% of total loop length RF-GND track width = 1mm 2 C2 C3 C4 C1 4 to 10 cm inside area RF B. Loop antenna 16.4cm C. Whip antenna wire, rod, PCB-track or a combination of these three RF 433 MHz = 16.4 cm total from RF pin. Fig.7: Antenna configuration Features Ultimate performance Easy of design set-up Size Immunity proximity effects Range open ground to similar antenna (for TX2A-433-14-5V & RX2-433-14-5V) Antenna selection chart A helical ** ** *** ** 200m B loop * * ** *** 100m C whip *** *** * * 300m A) Helical Wire coil, connected directly to pin 2, open circuit at other end. This antenna is very efficient given it's small size (20mm x 4mm dia.). The helical is a high Q antenna, trim the wire length or expand the coil for optimum results. The helical de-tunes badly with proximity to other conductive objects. B) Loop A loop of PCB track tuned by a fixed or variable capacitor to ground at the 'hot' end and fed from pin 2 at a point 20% from the ground end. Loops have high immunity to proximity detuning. C) Whip This is a wire, rod, PCB track or combination connected directly to pin 2 of the module. Optimum total length is 15.5cm (1/4 wave @ 433MHz). Keep the open circuit (hot) end well away from metal components to prevent serious de-tuning. Whips are ground plane sensitive and will benefit from internal 1/4 wave earthed radial(s) if the product is small and plastic cased The antenna choice and position directly controls the system range. Keep it clear of other metal in the system, particularly the 'hot' end. The best position by far, is sticking out the top of the product. This is often not desirable for practical/ergonomic reasons thus a compromise may need to be reached. If an internal antenna must be used try to keep it away from other metal components, particularly large ones like transformers, batteries and PCB tracks/earth plane. The space around the antenna is as important as the antenna itself Radiometrix Ltd, TX2A/RX2A Data Sheet page 8 Duty Cycle requirements The duty cycle is defined as the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the maximum transmitter “on” time on one or more carrier frequencies, relative to a one hour period. Where an acknowledgement message is required, the additional transmitter “on” time shall be included. There is a 10% duty cycle restriction on 433.050-434.790 MHz band in most of the EU member states. The TX2A-433 is a RF module intended to be incorporated into a wide variety of applications and finished products, Radiometrix has no control over the end use of the TX2A-433.The harmonised band 433.050 to 434.790 MHz as detailed in Annex 1 Band E of CEPT/ERC Recommendation 70-03 (which can be downloaded at http://www.ero.dk/scripts/docmanag98/dm.dll/QueryDoc?Cat=Recommendation) has list of countries where Duty Cycle restriction apply. Module users should, therefore, ensure that they comply with the stated Duty Cycle requirements of the version of CEPT/ERC Recommendation 70-03 in place at the time of incorporation of the TX2A-433 into their product. It should be noted that the stated Duty Cycle must not be exceeded otherwise any approval granted for the TX2A-433 will be invalidated. Variants and ordering information The TX2A is manufactured in several variants depending on their supply voltage and operating frequency: Supply voltage: 3V version: 5V version: Standard: TX2A-433-64-3V TX2A-433-64-5V TX2A-433-64 Direct replacement for the TX2-433-40-3V Direct replacement for the TX2-433-40-5V Different frequency replacement for TX3A The standard frequency is 433.92MHz, for other frequency variants, please contact sales department. The RX2A receiver is manufactured in several variants: Data rate: Slower version: Faster version: Frequency: 433.92MHz 434.42MHz 7.8kHz baseband B/W, data rate up to 10kb/s 50kHz baseband B/W, data rate up to 64kb/s (suffix -10) (suffix -64) (suffix -433) (suffix -434) The following variants are standard: RX2A-433-10 RX2A-433-64 433.92MHz, 10kbps 433.92MHz, 64kbps For other variants please contact Sales department. Evaluation platforms: 1. Universal Evaluation Kit 2. NBEK + SIL carrier Radiometrix Ltd, TX2A/RX2A Data Sheet page 9 Radiometrix Ltd Hartcran House 231 Kenton Lane Harrow, Middlesex HA3 8RP ENGLAND Tel: +44 (0) 20 8909 9595 Fax: +44 (0) 20 8909 2233 [email protected] www.radiometrix.com Copyright notice This product data sheet is the original work and copyrighted property of Radiometrix Ltd. Reproduction in whole or in part must give clear acknowledgement to the copyright owner. Limitation of liability The information furnished by Radiometrix Ltd is believed to be accurate and reliable. Radiometrix Ltd reserves the right to make changes or improvements in the design, specification or manufacture of its subassembly products without notice. Radiometrix Ltd does not assume any liability arising from the application or use of any product or circuit described herein, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from the use of its products. This data sheet neither states nor implies warranty of any kind, including fitness for any particular application. These radio devices may be subject to radio interference and may not function as intended if interference is present. We do NOT recommend their use for life critical applications. The Intrastat commodity code for all our modules is: 8542 6000 R&TTE Directive After 7 April 2001 the manufacturer can only place finished product on the market under the provisions of the R&TTE Directive. Equipment within the scope of the R&TTE Directive may demonstrate compliance to the essential requirements specified in Article 3 of the Directive, as appropriate to the particular equipment. Further details are available on The Office of Communications (Ofcom) web site: http://www.ofcom.org.uk/ Information Requests Ofcom Riverside House 2a Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 9HA Tel: +44 (0)300 123 3333 or 020 7981 3040 Fax: +44 (0)20 7981 3333 [email protected] European Communications Office (ECO) Peblingehus Nansensgade 19 DK 1366 Copenhagen Tel. +45 33896300 Fax +45 33896330 [email protected] www.ero.dk