ADS-927

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ADS-927
14-Bit, 1MHz, Low-Power Sampling A/D Converters
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
The ADS-927 is a high-performance, 14-bit,
1MHz sampling A/D converter. This device samples
input signals up to Nyquist frequencies with no
missing codes. The ADS-927 features outstanding
dynamic performance including a THD of –80dB.
Housed in a small 24-pin DDIP or SMT (gullwing) package, the functionally complete ADS-927
contains a fast-settling sample-hold amplifier, a
subranging (two-pass) A/D converter, a precise
voltage reference, timing/control logic, and error-
correction circuitry. Digital input and output levels
are TTL.
Requiring ±15V (or ±12V) and +5V supplies,
the ADS-927 dissipates only 1.95W (1.65W for
±12V), maximum. The unit is offered with a bipolar
input (–5V to +5V). Models are available for use in
either commercial (0 to +70°C) or HI-REL (–55 to
+125°C) operating temperature ranges. Applications include radar, sonar, spectrum analysis, and
graphic/medical imaging.
FEATURES
INPUT/OUTPUT CONNECTIONS
PIN FUNCTION
■
14-bit resolution
PIN
FUNCTION
■
1MHz sampling rate
1
BIT 14 (LSB)
24
–12V/–15V SUPPLY
2
BIT 13
23
ANALOG GROUND
■
Functionally complete
3
BIT 12
22
+12V/+15V SUPPLY
■
No missing codes
4
BIT 11
21
+10V REFERENCE OUT
Small 24-pin DDIP or SMT package
5
BIT 10
20
ANALOG INPUT
6
BIT 9
19
ANALOG GROUND
7
BIT 8
18
BIT 1 (MSB)
8
BIT 7
17
BIT 2
9
BIT 6
16
START CONVERT
■
Low power, 1.9 Watts maximum
■
Operates from ±15V or ±12V supplies
+5V supply
Bipolar ±5V input range
10
BIT 5
15
EOC
11
BIT 4
14
DIGITAL GROUND
12
BIT 3
13
+5V SUPPLY
BLOCK DIAGRAM
DAC
18 BIT 1 (MSB)
17 BIT 2
REF
12 BIT 3
S2
FLASH
ADC
S/H
ANALOG INPUT 20
S1
BUFFER
–
+
11 BIT 4
DIGITAL CORRECTION LOGIC
+10V REF. OUT 21
REGISTER
■
REGISTER
■
10 BIT 5
9
BIT 6
8
BIT 7
7
BIT 8
6
BIT 9
5
BIT 10
4
BIT 11
3
BIT 12
2
BIT 13
1
BIT 14 (LSB)
START CONVERT 16
TIMING AND
CONTROL LOGIC
EOC 15
For full details go to
www.murata-ps.com/rohs
13
14
22
19, 23
24
+5V SUPPLY
DIGITAL GROUND
+12V/+15V SUPPLY
ANALOG GROUND
–12V/–15V SUPPLY
Figure 1. ADS-927 Functional Block Diagram
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Technical enquiries email: [email protected], tel: +1 508 339 3000
MDA_ADS-927.B01 Page 1 of 9
ADS-927
14-Bit, 1MHz, Low-Power Sampling A/D Converters
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
LIMITS
0 to +16
0 to –16
0 to +6
–0.3 to +VDD +0.3
±15
+300
PARAMETERS
+12V/+15V Supply (Pin 22)
–12V/–15V Supply (Pin 24)
+5V Supply (Pin 13)
Digital Input (Pin 16)
Analog Input (Pin 20)
Lead Temperature (10 seconds)
UNITS
Volts
Volts
Volts
Volts
Volts
°C
PHYSICAL/ENVIRONMENTAL
MIN.
TYP.
MAX.
UNITS
0
–55
+70
+125
°C
°C
PARAMETERS
Operating Temp. Range, Case
ADS-927MC, GC
ADS-927MM, GM
Thermal Impedance
θjc
θca
Storage Temperature Range
Package Type
Weight
—
—
—
6
—
°C/Watt
—
24
—
°C/Watt
–65
—
+150
°C
24-pin, metal-sealed, ceramic DDIP or SMT
0.42 ounces (12 grams)
FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATIONS
(TA = +25°C, ±VCC = ±15V (or ±12V), +VDD = +5V, 1MHz sampling rate, and a minimum 1 minute warmup ➀ unless otherwise specified.)
ANALOG INPUT
Input Voltage Range ➁
Input Resistance
Input Capacitance
MIN.
—
—
—
+25°C
TYP.
±5
1
7
MAX.
—
—
15
MIN.
—
—
—
0 TO +70°C
TYP.
±5
1
7
MAX.
—
—
15
MIN.
—
—
—
DIGITAL INPUT
Logic Levels
Logic "1"
Logic "0"
Logic Loading "1"
Logic Loading "0"
Start Convert Positive Pulse Width ➂
+2.0
—
—
—
175
—
—
—
—
200
—
+0.8
+20
–20
225
+2.0
—
—
—
175
—
—
—
—
200
—
+0.8
+20
–20
225
+2.0
—
—
—
175
—
—
—
—
200
—
+0.8
+20
–20
225
Volts
Volts
μA
μA
ns
STATIC PERFORMANCE
Resolution
Integral Nonlinearity (fin = 10kHz)
Differential Nonlinearity (fin = 10kHz)
Full Scale Absolute Accuracy
Bipolar Zero Error (Tech Note 2)
Bipolar Offset Error (Tech Note 2)
Gain Error (Tech Note 2)
No Missing Codes (fin = 10kHz)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
14
14
±0.5
±0.5
±0.08
±0.05
±0.05
±0.1
—
—
—
+0.95
±0.15
±0.1
±0.1
±0.15
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
14
14
±0.75
±0.5
±0.15
±0.1
±0.1
±0.15
—
—
—
±0.95
±0.25
±0.25
±0.25
±0.25
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
14
14
±1.5
±0.75
±0.3
±0.15
±0.25
±0.25
—
—
—
+0.99
±0.5
±0.3
±0.5
±0.5
—
Bits
LSB
LSB
%FSR
%FSR
%FSR
%FSR
Bits
—
—
–91
–82
–83
–78
—
—
–90
–82
—
–78
—
—
–88
–80
—
–77
dB
dB
—
—
–90
–80
–81
–76
—
—
–89
–80
—
–76
—
—
–87
–79
—
–74
dB
dB
77
75
79
78
—
—
74
74
78
78
—
—
73
73
77
76
—
—
dB
dB
76
73
78
76
—
—
73
73
77
76
—
—
71
71
76
75
—
—
dB
dB
—
—
–87
350
—
—
—
—
–86
350
—
—
—
—
–85
350
—
—
dB
μVrms
—
—
—
—
—
—
7
5
84
±60
±20
5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
7
5
84
±60
±20
5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
7
5
84
±60
±20
5
—
—
—
—
—
—
MHz
MHz
dB
V/μs
ns
ps rms
335
—
1
390
400
—
445
1000
—
335
—
1
390
400
—
445
1000
—
335
—
1
390
400
—
445
1000
—
ns
ns
MHz
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE
Peak Harmonics (–0.5dB)
dc to 100kHz
100kHz to 500kHz
Total Harmonic Distortion (–0.5dB)
dc to 100kHz
100kHz to 500kHz
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
(w/o distortion, –0.5dB)
dc to 100kHz
100kHz to 500kHz
Signal-to-Noise Ratio ➃
(& distortion, –0.5dB)
dc to 100kHz
100kHz to 500kHz
Two-tone Intermodulation
Distortion (fin = 100kHz,
240kHz, fs = 1MHz –0.5dB)
Noise
Input Bandwidth (–3dB)
Small Signal (–20dB input)
Large Signal (–0.5dB input)
Feedthrough Rejection (fin = 500kHz)
Slew Rate
Aperture Delay Time
Aperture Uncertainty
S/H Acquisition Time
(to ±0.003%FSR, 10V step)
Overvoltage Recovery Time ➄
A/D Conversion Rate
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–55 TO +125°C
TYP.
MAX.
±5
—
1
—
7
15
UNITS
Volts
kΩ
pF
Technical enquiries email: [email protected], tel: +1 508 339 3000
MDA_ADS-927.B01 Page 2 of 9
ADS-927
14-Bit, 1MHz, Low-Power Sampling A/D Converters
ANALOG OUTPUT
Internal Reference
Voltage
Drift
External Current
DIGITAL OUTPUTS
Logic Levels
Logic "1"
Logic "0"
Logic Loading "1"
Logic Loading "0"
Delay, Falling Edge of EOC to
Output Data Valid
Output Coding
POWER REQUIREMENTS , ±15V
Power Supply Ranges
+15V Supply
–15V Supply
+5V Supply
Power Supply Currents
+15V Supply
–15V Supply
+5V Supply
Power Dissipation
Power Supply Rejection
POWER REQUIREMENTS, ±12V
Power Supply Ranges
+12V Supply
–12V Supply
+5V Supply
Power Supply Currents
+12V Supply
–12V Supply
+5V Supply
Power Dissipation
Power Supply Rejection
MIN.
+25°C
TYP.
MAX.
MIN.
0 to +70°C
TYP.
MAX.
MIN.
–55 to +125°C
TYP.
MAX.
UNITS
+9.95
—
—
+10.0
±5
—
+10.05
—
1.5
+9.95
—
—
+10.0
±5
—
+10.05
—
1.5
+9.95
—
—
+10.0
±5
—
+10.05
—
1.5
Volts
ppm/°C
mA
+2.4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
+0.4
–4
+4
+2.4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
+0.4
–4
+4
+2.4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
+0.4
–4
+4
Volts
Volts
mA
mA
—
—
35
—
—
Offset Binary
35
—
—
35
ns
+14.5
–14.5
+4.75
+15.0
–15.0
+5.0
+15.5
–15.5
+5.25
+14.5
–14.5
+4.75
+15.0
–15.0
+5.0
+15.5
–15.5
+5.25
+14.5
–14.5
+4.75
+15.0
–15.0
+5.0
+15.5
–15.5
+5.25
Volts
Volts
Volts
—
—
—
—
—
+43
–25
+71
1.6
—
+70
–45
+80
1.95
±0.02
—
—
—
—
—
+43
–25
+71
1.6
—
+70
–45
+80
1.95
±0.02
—
—
—
—
—
+43
–25
+71
1.6
—
+70
–45
+80
1.95
±0.02
mA
mA
mA
Watts
%FSR/%V
+11.5
–11.5
+4.75
+12.0
–12.0
+5.0
+12.5
–12.5
+5.25
+11.5
–11.5
+4.75
+12.0
–12.0
+5.0
+12.5
–12.5
+5.25
+11.5
–11.5
+4.75
+12.0
–12.0
+5.0
+12.5
–12.5
+5.25
Volts
Volts
Volts
—
—
—
—
—
+42
–25
+71
1.4
—
+70
–45
+80
1.65
±0.02
—
—
—
—
—
+42
–25
+71
1.4
—
+70
–45
+80
1.65
±0.02
—
—
—
—
—
+42
–25
+71
1.4
—
+70
–45
+80
1.65
±0.02
mA
mA
mA
Watts
%FSR/%V
➃ Effective bits is equal to:
Footnotes:
➀ All power supplies must be on before applying a start convert pulse. All supplies and
the clock (START CONVERT) must be present during warmup periods. The device
must be continuously converting during this time. There is a slight degradation in
performance when using ±12V supplies.
➁ See Ordering Information for 0 to +10V input range. Contact DATEL for availability of
other input voltage ranges.
➂ A 1MHz clock with a 200ns wide start convert pulse is used for all production testing.
For applications requiring less than a 1MHz sampling rate, wider start convert
pulses can be used. See Timing Diagram for more details.
TECHNICAL NOTES
1. Obtaining fully specified performance from the ADS-927 requires careful attention to pc-card layout and power supply decoupling. The device's
analog and digital ground systems are connected to each other internally.
For optimal performance, tie all ground pins (14, 19 and 23) directly to a
large analog ground plane beneath the package.
Bypass all power supplies and the REFERENCE OUTPUT (pin 21) to ground
with 4.7μF tantalum capacitors in parallel with 0.1μF ceramic capacitors.
Locate the bypass capacitors as close to the unit as possible. If the userinstalled offset and gain adjusting circuit shown in Figure 2 is used, also
locate it as close to the ADS-927 as possible.
2. The ADS-927 achieves its specified accuracies without the need for external calibration. If required, the device's small initial offset and gain errors
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(SNR + Distortion) – 1.76 +
20 log
Full Scale Amplitude
Actual Input Amplitude
6.02
➄ This is the time required before the A/D output data is valid after the analog input is
back within the specified range.
can be reduced to zero using the input circuit of Figure 2. When using this
circuit, or any similar offset and gain-calibration hardware, make adjustments following warmup. To avoid interaction, always adjust offset before
gain.
3. When operating the ADS-927 from ±12V supplies, do not drive external
circuitry with the REFERENCE OUTPUT. The reference's accuracy and drift
specifications may not be met, and loading the circuit may cause accuracy
errors within the converter.
4. Applying a start convert pulse while a conversion is in progress (EOC =
logic "1") initiates a new and inaccurate conversion cycle. Data from the
interrupted and subsequent conversions will be invalid.
Technical enquiries email: [email protected], tel: +1 508 339 3000
MDA_ADS-927.B01 Page 3 of 9
ADS-927
14-Bit, 1MHz, Low-Power Sampling A/D Converters
Gain adjusting is accomplished when all bits are 1's and the LSB just
changes from a 1 to a 0. This transition ideally occurs when the analog
input is at +full scale minus 1½ LSB's (+4.999085V).
CALIBRATION PROCEDURE (Refer to Figures 2 and 3)
Any offset and/or gain calibration procedures should not be implemented
until devices are fully warmed up. To avoid interaction, offset must be
adjusted before gain. The ranges of adjustment for the circuit of Figure 2
are guaranteed to compensate for the ADS-927's initial accuracy errors
and may not be able to compensate for additional system errors.
All fixed resistors in Figure 2 should be metal-film types, and multiturn
potentiometers should have TCR’s of 100ppm/°C or less to minimize drift
with temperature.
A/D converters are calibrated by positioning their digital outputs exactly
on the transition point between two adjacent digital output codes. This can
be accomplished by connecting LED's to the digital outputs and adjusting
until certain LED's "flicker" equally between on and off. Other approaches
employ digital comparators or microcontrollers to detect when the outputs
change from one code to the next.
For the ADS-927, offset adjusting is normally accomplished at the point
where the MSB is a 1 and all other output bits are 0's and the LSB just
changes from a 0 to a 1. This digital output transition ideally occurs when
the applied analog input is +½LSB (+305μV).
Zero/Offset Adjust Procedure
1. Apply a train of pulses to the START CONVERT input (pin 16) so the converter is continuously converting. If using LED's on the outputs, a 200kHz
conversion rate will reduce flicker.
2. Apply +305μV to the ANALOG INPUT (pin 20).
3. Adjust the offset potentiometer until the output bits are a 1 and all 0's and
the LSB flickers between 0 and 1.
Gain Adjust Procedure
1. 1. Apply +4.999085V to the ANALOG INPUT (pin 20).
2. Adjust the gain potentiometer until the output bits are all 1's and the LSB
flickers between 1 and 0.
Table 1. Zero and Gain Adjust
+15V
ZERO/
OFFSET
ADJUST
20k:
–15V
SIGNAL
INPUT
1.2M:
2k:
INPUT VOLTAGE
RANGE
ZERO ADJUST
+½ LSB
GAIN ADJUST
+FS –1½ LSB
±5V
+305μV
+4.999085V
GAIN
ADJUST
Table 2. Output Coding
+15V
OUTPUT CODING
1.98k:
INPUT RANGE
±5V
BIPOLAR SCALE
11 1111 1111 1111
+4.99939
+FS –1 LSB
11 1000 0000 0000
+3.75000
+3/4 FS
11 0000 0000 0000
+2.50000
+1/2FS
10 0000 0000 0000
0.00000
0
01 0000 0000 0000
–2.50000
–1/2FS
00 1000 0000 0000
–3.75000
–3/4FS
00 0000 0000 0001
–4.99939
–FS +1 LSB
00 0000 0000 0000
–5.00000
–FS
MSB
To Pin 20
of ADS-927
50:
–15V
Figure 2. ADS-927 Calibration Circuit
LSB
Coding is offset binary; 1LSB = 610μV.
18 BIT 1 (MSB)
+5V
+
4.7F
13
17 BIT 2
12 BIT 3
14 DIGITAL
GROUND
11 BIT 4
10 BIT 5
9 BIT 6
0.1F
24
–12V/–15V
4.7F
+
4.7F
ADS-927
8 BIT 7
7 BIT 8
0.1F
ANALOG
19, 23 GROUND
6 BIT 9
5 BIT 10
4 BIT 11
22
3 BIT 12
2 BIT 13
0.1F
+
+12V/+15V
ANALOG
20 INPUT
0 to +10V
1 BIT 14 (LSB)
15 EOC
21 +10V REF. OUT
0.1F
+
4.7F
START 16
CONVERT
Figure 3. Typical ADS-927 Connection Diagram
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MDA_ADS-927.B01 Page 4 of 9
ADS-927
14-Bit, 1MHz, Low-Power Sampling A/D Converters
THERMAL REQUIREMENTS
devices do not overheat. The ground and power planes beneath the package,
as well as all pcb signal runs to and from the device, should be as heavy as
possible to help conduct heat away from the package.
All DATEL sampling A/D converters are fully characterized and specified over operating temperature (case) ranges of 0 to +70°C and –55
to +125°C. All room-temperature (TA = +25°C) production testing is
performed without the use of heat sinks or forced-air cooling. Thermal
impedance figures for each device are listed in their respective specification tables.
Electrically-insulating, thermally-conductive "pads" may be installed
underneath the package. Devices should be soldered to boards rather than
"socketed," and of course, minimal air flow over the surface can greatly help
reduce the package temperature.
These devices do not normally require heat sinks; however, standard
precautionary design and layout procedures should be used to ensure
N
START
CONVERT
200ns
±25ns
10ns
typ.
INTERNAL S/H
N+1
Acquisition Time
Hold
610ns typ.
390ns ±55ns
10ns typ.
70ns ±10ns
Conversion Time
EOC
480ns ±20ns
35ns max.
150ns max.
OUTPUT
DATA
Data (N – 1) Valid
Data N Valid (850ns min.)
Invalid
Data
Notes: 1. fs = 1MHz.
2. The ADS-927 is a pulse-triggered device. Its internal operations
are triggered by both the rising and falling edges of the start
convert pulse. When sampling at 1MHz, the start pulse must be
between 175 and 225nsec wide. For lower sampling rates, wider
start pulses may be used, however, a minimum pulse width low of
50nsec must be maintained.
Figure 4. ADS-927 Timing Diagram
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MDA_ADS-927.B01 Page 5 of 9
ADS-927
Figure 5. ADS-927 Evaluation Board Schematic
14-Bit, 1MHz, Low-Power Sampling A/D Converters
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Technical enquiries email: [email protected], tel: +1 508 339 3000
MDA_ADS-927.B01 Page 6 of 9
ADS-927
14-Bit, 1MHz, Low-Power Sampling A/D Converters
0
–20
–30
–40
–50
–60
–70
–80
–90
–100
–110
–120
–130
–140
–150
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Frequency (kHz)
(fs = 1MHz, fin = 480kHz, Vin = –0.5dB, 16,384-point FFT)
Figure 6. ADS-927 FFT Analysis
DNL (LSB's)
+0.71
Number of Occurrences
Amplitude Relative to Full Scale (dB)
–10
0
–0.49
0
0
Digital Output Code
16,384
16,384
Digital Output Code
Figure 7. ADS-927 Histogram and Differential Nonlinearity
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MDA_ADS-927.B01 Page 7 of 9
ADS-927
14-Bit, 1MHz, Low-Power Sampling A/D Converters
MECHANICAL DIMENSIONS - INCHES (mm)
1.31 MAX.
(33.27)
24-Pin DDIP
Versions
24
Dimension Tolerances (unless otherwise indicated):
2 place decimal (.XX) ±0.010 (±0.254)
3 place decimal (.XXX) ±0.005 (±0.127)
13
Lead Material: Kovar alloy
0.80 MAX.
(20.32)
ADS-927MC
ADS-927MM
ADS-927/883
ADS-917MC
ADS-917MM
1
Lead Finish: 50 microinches (minimum) gold plating
over 100 microinches (nominal) nickel plating
12
0.100 TYP.
(2.540)
1.100
(27.940)
0.235 MAX.
(5.969)
PIN 1 INDEX
0.200 MAX.
(5.080)
0.010
(0.254)
0.190 MAX.
(4.826)
0.100
(2.540)
SEATING
PLANE
0.025
(0.635)
0.040
(1.016)
0.018 ±0.002
(0.457)
+0.002
–0.001
0.600 ±0.010
(15.240)
0.100
(2.540)
1.31 MAX.
(33.02)
24-Pin
Surface Mount
Versions
Dimension Tolerances (unless otherwise indicated):
2 place decimal (.XX) ±0.010 (±0.254)
3 place decimal (.XXX) ±0.005 (±0.127)
13
24
0.80 MAX.
(20.32)
ADS-927GC
ADS-927GM
ADS-917GC
ADS-917GM
1
0.190 MAX.
(4.826)
Lead Material: Kovar alloy
Lead Finish: 50 microinches (minimum) gold plating
over 100 microinches (nominal) nickel plating
12
0.020 TYP.
(0.508)
0.060 TYP.
(1.524)
0.130 TYP.
(3.302)
PIN 1
INDEX
0.100
(2.540)
0.100 TYP.
(2.540)
0.020
(0.508)
0.015
(0.381)
MAX. radius
for any pin
0.010 TYP.
(0.254)
0.040
(1.016)
ORDERING INFORMATION
MODEL
NUMBER
OPERATING
TEMP. RANGE
ANALOG INPUT
ACCESSORIES
ADS-927MC
0 to +70°C
Bipolar (±5V)
ADS-B926/927
Evaluation Board (without ADS-927)
ADS-927MM
–55 to +125°C
Bipolar (±5V)
HS-24
Heat Sinks for all ADS-917/927 DDIP models
ADS-927/883
–55 to +125°C
Bipolar (±5V)
ADS-927GC
0 to +70°C
Bipolar (±5V)
ADS-927GM
–55 to +125°C
Bipolar (±5V)
ADS-917MC
0 to +70°C
Unipolar (0 to +10V)*
ADS-917MM
–55 to +125°C
Unipolar (0 to +10V)*
ADS-917GC
0 to +70°C
Unipolar (0 to +10V)*
ADS-917GM
–55 to +125°C
Unipolar (0 to +10V)*
www.murata-ps.com
Receptacles for PC board mounting can be ordered through AMP
Inc. Part #3-331272-8 (Component Lead Socket), 24 required.
For MIL-STD-883 product specifications, contact DATEL.
* For information, see ADS-917 data sheet.
Technical enquiries email: [email protected], tel: +1 508 339 3000
MDA_ADS-927.B01 Page 8 of 9
ADS-927
14-Bit, 1MHz, Low-Power Sampling A/D Converters
Murata Power Solutions, Inc.
11 Cabot Boulevard, Mansfield, MA 02048-1151 U.S.A.
Tel: (508) 339-3000 (800) 233-2765 Fax: (508) 339-6356
www.murata-ps.com email: [email protected] ISO 9001 and 14001 REGISTERED
07/24/09
Murata Power Solutions, Inc. makes no representation that the use of its products in the circuits described herein, or the use of other
technical information contained herein, will not infringe upon existing or future patent rights. The descriptions contained herein do not imply
the granting of licenses to make, use, or sell equipment constructed in accordance therewith. Specifications are subject to change without
notice.
© 2009 Murata Power Solutions, Inc.
www.murata-ps.com
USA:
Mansfield (MA), Tel: (508) 339-3000, email: [email protected]
Canada:
Toronto, Tel: (866) 740-1232, email: [email protected]
UK:
Milton Keynes, Tel: +44 (0)1908 615232, email: [email protected]
France:
Montigny Le Bretonneux, Tel: +33 (0)1 34 60 01 01, email: [email protected]
Germany:
München, Tel: +49 (0)89-544334-0, email: [email protected]
Japan:
Tokyo, Tel: 81-3-3779-1031, email: [email protected]
Kyoto, Tel: 81-75-955-7269, email: [email protected]
China:
Shanghai, Tel: +86 215 027 3678, email: [email protected]
Guangzhou, Tel: +86 208 221 8066, email: [email protected]
Singapore:
Parkway Centre, Tel: +65 6348 9096, email: [email protected]
Technical enquiries email: [email protected], tel: +1 508 339 3000
MDA_ADS-927.B01 Page 9 of 9