MQBL-28-15D

MQBL-28-15D
Dual Output
H igH R eliability DC-DC C onveRteR
16-40V
16-50V
±15V
1.3A
85% @ 0.65A / 87% @ 1.3A
Continuous Input
Transient Input
Output
Total Output
Efficiency
F ull P oweR o PeRation : -55ºC
to
+125ºC
The MilQor® series of high-reliability DC-DC converters
brings SynQor’s field proven high-efficiency synchronous
rectifier technology to the Military/Aerospace industry.
SynQor’s innovative QorSeal® packaging approach ensures
survivability in the most hostile environments. Compatible
with the industry standard format, these converters operate
n/C
n/C
at a fixed frequency, have no opto-isolators, and follow
conservative component derating guidelines.
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MQB
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They are
CASE
EnA
designed and manufactured to comply with a wide range of
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Design Process
MQBL series converters are:
• Designed for reliability per NAVSO-P3641-A guidelines
• Designed with components derated per:
— MIL-HDBK-1547A
— NAVSO P-3641A
Qualification Process
MQBL series converters are qualified to:
• MIL-STD-810F
— consistent with RTCA/D0-160E
• SynQor’s First Article Qualification
— consistent with MIL-STD-883F
• SynQor’s Long-Term Storage Survivability Qualification
• SynQor’s on-going life test
In-Line Manufacturing Process
• AS9100 and ISO 9001 certified facility
• Full component traceability
• Temperature cycling
• Constant acceleration
• 24, 96, 160 hour burn-in
• Three level temperature screening
Product# MQBL-28-15D
Phone 1-888-567-9596
DesigneD & ManufactureD in the usa
featuring Qorseal® hi-rel asseMbly
Features
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fixed switching frequency
No opto-isolators
Output over-voltage shutdown
Clock synchronization
Primary referenced enable
Continuous short circuit and overload protection
Input under-voltage and over-voltage shutdown
Specification Compliance
MQBL series converters (with MQHE filter) are designed to meet:
• MIL-HDBK-704-8 (A through F)
• RTCA/DO-160 Section 16, 17, 18
• MIL-STD-1275 (B, D) for VIN > 16V
• DEF-STAN 61-5 (part 6)/(5, 6) for VIN > 16V
• MIL-STD-461 (C, D, E, F)
• RTCA/DO-160(E, F, G) Section 22
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Doc.# 005-0006069 Rev. D
09/14/15
Page 1
MQBL-28-15D
Output: ±15V
Current: 1.3A Total
Technical Specification
BLOCK DIAGRAM
REGULATION STAGE
1
ISOLATION STAGE
CURRENT
SENSE
POSITIVE
INPUT
T1
T1
T2
7
POSITIVE
OUTPUT
T2
2
8
INPUT
RETURN
ISOLATION BARRIER
3
CASE
GATE DRIVERS
UVLO
OVSD
CURRENT
LIMIT
4
ENABLE 1
5
T2
9
NEGATIVE
OUTPUT
GATE DRIVERS
12
CONTROL POWER
OVP
PRIMARY
CONTROL
T1
OUTPUT
RETURN
DATA COUPLING
SYNC OUTPUT
NO CONNECT
MAGNETIC
SECONDARY
CONTROL
11
NO CONNECT
10
TRIM
6
SYNC INPUT
POSITIVE
OUTPUT
TYPICAL CONNECTION DIAGRAM
28Vdc
+
open
means
on
Product# MQBL-28-15D
1
+VIN
2
IN RTN
3
CASE
4
ENA 1
5
SYNC OUT
6
SYNC IN
Phone 1-888-567-9596
N/C
MQBL
www.SynQor.com
12
N/C 11
TRIM 10
-VOUT 9
OUT RTN 8
Load
+VOUT 7
Load
Doc.# 005-0006069 Rev. D
09/14/15
+
+
Page 2
MQBL-28-15D
Output: ±15V
Current: 1.3A Total
Technical Specification
MQBL-28-15D ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Parameter
Min. Typ. Max. Units Notes & Conditions
Vin = 28V dc ±5%, +Iout = -Iout = 0.65A, CL = 0µF,
free running (see Note 9) unless otherwise specified
Specifications subject to change without notice
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Input Voltage
Non-Operating
60
Operating
60
Reverse Bias (Tcase = 125ºC)
-0.8
Reverse Bias (Tcase = -55ºC)
-1.2
Isolation Voltage (I/O to case, I to O)
Continuous
-500
500
Transient (≤100µs)
-800
800
Operating Case Temperature
-55
125
Storage Case Temperature
-65
135
Lead Temperature (20s)
300
Voltage at ENA1
-1.2
50
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Operating Input Voltage Range
16
28
40
“
16
28
50
Input Under-Voltage Shutdown
Turn-On Voltage Threshold
14.75 15.50 16.00
Turn-Off Voltage Threshold
14.00 14.75 15.50
Shutdown Voltage Hysteresis
0.65
0.85
1.05
Input Over-Voltage Shutdown
Turn-Off Voltage Threshold
52.0
55.0
58.0
Turn-On Voltage Threshold
50.5
54.0
56.5
Shutdown Voltage Hysteresis
0.8
1.9
3.0
Maximum Input Current
1.7
No Load Input Current (operating)
75
100
Disabled Input Current
10
17
Input Terminal Current Ripple (pk-pk)
25
40
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Output Voltage Set Point (Tcase = 25ºC)
Positive Output
14.85 15.00 15.15
Negative Output
-15.15 -15.00 -14.85
Output Voltage Set Point Over Temperature
Positive Output
14.78 15.00 15.22
Negative Output
-15.22 -15.00 -14.78
Positive Output Voltage Line Regulation
-60
0
60
Positive Output Voltage Load Regulation
-125
0
125
Total Positive Output Voltage Range
14.70 15.00 15.30
Output Voltage Cross Regulation
200
450
750
Output Over-Voltage Shutdown
16.8
18.4
21.3
Output Voltage Ripple and Noise Peak to Peak
20
75
Operating Output Current Range
0
1.3
Single Output Operating Current Range
0
1.04
Operating Output Power Range
0
19.5
Output DC Current-Limit Inception
1.40
1.75
2.10
Maximum Output Capacitance
600
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS
Output Voltage Deviation Load Transient
For a Pos. Step Change in Load Current
-600
-300
For a Neg. Step Change in Load Current
300
600
Output Voltage Deviation Line Transient
For a Pos. Step Change in Line Voltage
-200
200
For a Neg. Step Change in Line Voltage
-200
200
Turn-On Transient
Output Voltage Rise Time
6
10
Output Voltage Overshoot
0
2
Turn-On Delay, Rising Vin
5.5
8.0
Turn-On Delay, Rising ENA
3.0
6.0
Restart Inhibit Time
100
150
Short Circuit Start Time
12
14
20
Product# MQBL-28-15D
Phone 1-888-567-9596
V
V
V
V
V
V
°C
°C
°C
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
A
mA
mA
mA
V
V
V
V
V
V
mV
mV
V
mV
V
mV
A
A
W
A
µF
mV
mV
mV
mV
ms
%
ms
ms
ms
ms
Group A
Subgroup
(see Note 11)
See Note 1
HB Grade Products, See Notes 2 & 15
Continuous
Transient, 1s
See Note 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
See Note 3
Vin = 16V; +Iout = -Iout = 0.65A
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
Bandwidth = 100kHz – 10MHz; see Figure 20
See Note 14
1
1
See Note 14
See Note 14
See Note 14; +Vout @(+Iout=-Iout=0A) - +Vout @(+Iout=-Iout=0.65A)
See Note 14
See Notes 13 and 14; -Vout@(+Iout=-Iout=0.26A) - -Vout@(+Iout=1.04A, -Iout=0.26A)
Bandwidth = 10MHz; CL=11µF on both outputs
(+Iout) + (-Iout)
Maximum +Iout or -Iout
Total on both outputs
See Note 4; +Iout + -Iout; +Iout = -Iout
Total on both outputs
See Note 6
Total Iout step = 0.65A to 1.3A, 0.13A to 0.65A; CL=11µF on both outputs
“
Vin step = 16V to 50V; CL=11µF on both outputs; see Note 7
+Vout = 1.5V to 13.5V; Full Resistive Load
Resistive load
ENA = 5V; see Notes 8 & 10
See Note 10
See Note 10
Duration of pulse width, see Figure 22
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Doc.# 005-0006069 Rev. D
2, 3
2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
See Note 5
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
See Note 5
4, 5, 6
4, 5, 6
4, 5, 6
See Note 5
4, 5, 6
4, 5, 6
4, 5, 6
4
09/14/15
Page 3
MQBL-28-15D
Output: ±15V
Current: 1.3A Total
Technical Specification
MQBL-28-15D ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Continued)
Parameter
Min. Typ. Max. Units Notes & Conditions
Specifications subject to change without notice
Vin = 28V dc ±5%, +Iout = -Iout = 0.65A, CL = 0µF,
free running (see Note 9) unless otherwise specified
Group A
Subgroup
(see Note 11)
EFFICIENCY
Iout = 1.3 A (16 Vin)
83
88
%
Iout = 0.65 A (16 Vin)
82
87
%
Iout = 1.3 A (28 Vin)
82
87
%
1, 2, 3
Iout = 0.65 A (28 Vin)
80
85
%
Iout = 1.3 A (40 Vin)
81
86
%
Iout = 0.65 A (40 Vin)
78
83
%
Iout = 1.3 A (50 Vin)
80
85
%
Load Fault Power Dissipation
1.3
W
Sustained short circuit on output
ISOLATION CHARACTERISTICS
Isolation Voltage
Dielectric strength
Input RTN to Output RTN
500
V
1
Any Input Pin to Case
500
V
1
Any Output Pin to Case
500
V
1
Isolation Resistance (in rtn to out rtn)
100
MΩ
1
Isolation Resistance (any pin to case)
100
MΩ
1
Isolation Capacitance (in rtn to out rtn)
22
nF
1
FEATURE CHARACTERISTICS
Switching Frequency (free running)
500
550
600
kHz
1, 2, 3
Synchronization Input
Frequency Range
500
700
kHz
1, 2, 3
Logic Level High
2.0
5.5
V
1, 2, 3
Logic Level Low
-0.5
0.8
V
1, 2, 3
Duty Cycle
20
80
%
See Note
Synchronization Output
Pull Down Current
20
mA
VSYNC OUT = 0.8V
See Note
Duty Cycle
40
60
%
Output connected to SYNC IN of other MQBL unit
See Note
Enable Control (ENA)
Off-State Voltage
0.8
V
1, 2, 3
Module Off Pulldown Current
80
µA
Current drain required to ensure module is off
See Note
On-State Voltage
2
V
1, 2, 3
Module On Pin Leakage Current
20
µA
Imax draw from pin allowed with module still on
See Note
Pull-Up Voltage
3.2
4.0
4.8
V
See Figure A
Output Voltage Trim Range
-10
10
%
See Figure E
1, 2, 3
RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS
Calculated MTBF (MIL-STD-217F2)
GB @ Tcase = 70ºC
2540
103 Hrs.
AIF @ Tcase = 70ºC
192
103 Hrs.
WEIGHT CHARACTERISTICS
Device Weight
35
g
Electrical Characteristics Notes
1. Converter will undergo input over-voltage shutdown.
2. Derate output power to 50% of rated power at Tcase = 135ºC. 135ºC is above specified operating range.
3. High or low state of input voltage must persist for about 200µs to be acted on by the shutdown circuitry.
4. Current limit inception is defined as the point where the output voltage has dropped to 90% of its nominal value. See Current Limit discussion in
Features Description section.
5. Parameter not tested but guaranteed to the limit specified.
6. Load current transition time ≥ 10µs.
7. Line voltage transition time ≥ 100µs.
8. Input voltage rise time ≤ 250µs.
9. Operating the converter at a synchronization frequency above the free running frequency will cause the converter’s efficiency to be slightly reduced
and it may also cause a slight reduction in the maximum output current/power available. For more information consult the factory.
10. After a disable or fault event, module is inhibited from restarting for 100ms. See Shut Down section of the Control Features description.
11. Only the ES and HB grade products are tested at three temperatures. The C grade products are tested at one temperature. Please refer to the
Construction and Environmental Stress Screening Options table for details.
12. These derating curves apply for the ES and HB grade products. The C grade product has a maximum case temperature of 70ºC.
13. The regulation stage operates to control the positive output. The negative output displays the cross regulation.
14. All +Vout and -Vout voltage measurements are made with Kelvin probes on the output leads.
15. The specified operating case tmeperature for ES products is -45ºC to 100 ºC. The specified operating case temperature for C grade products is
0ºC to 70ºC.
Product# MQBL-28-15D
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.SynQor.com
Doc.# 005-0006069 Rev. D
09/14/15
5
5
5
5
5
Page 4
MQBL-28-15D
Output: ±15V
Current: 1.3A Total
Technical Figures
4.5
90
4
3.5
Power Dissipation (W)
Efficiency (%)
85
80
75
16 Vin
3
2.5
2
1.5
40 Vin
5
10
Total Output Power (W)
28 Vin
40 Vin
0.5
70
0
16 Vin
1
28 Vin
15
0
20
Figure 1: Efficiency vs. output power, from zero load to full load with
equal load on the +15V and -15V outputs at minimum, nominal, and
maximum input voltage at Tcase=25°C.
0
5
10
15
Total Output Power (W)
20
Figure 2: Power dissipation vs. output power, from zero load to full load
with equal load on the +15V and -15V outputs at minimum, nominal, and
maximum input voltage at Tcase=25°C.
4.5
90
4
3.5
Efficiency (%)
Power Dissipation (W)
85
3
2.5
80
2
1.5
75
16 Vin
1
16 Vin
0.5
40 Vin
28 Vin
40 Vin
70
1.04/0
0.91/0.13 0.78/0.26 0.65/0.39 0.52/0.52 0.39/0.65 0.26/0.78 0.13/0.91
Load Current (A), +Iout / -Iout
0
1.04/0
0/1.04
Figure 3: Efficiency vs. output power, with total output current fixed
at 80% load (16W) and loads split as shown between the +15V and
-15V outputs at minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at
Tcase=25°C.
28 Vin
0.91/0.13 0.78/0.26 0.65/0.39 0.52/0.52 0.39/0.65 0.26/0.78 0.13/0.91
0/1.04
Load Current (A), +Iout / -Iout
Figure 4: Power dissipation vs. output power, with total output current
fixed at 80% load (16W) and loads split as shown between the +15V
and -15V outputs at minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at
Tcase=25°C.
4.5
90
4
3.5
Power Dissipation (W)
Efficiency (%)
85
80
75
16 Vin
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
28 Vin
40 Vin
70
-55ºC
25ºC
0
-55ºC
125ºC
Case Temperature (ºC)
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28 Vin
40 Vin
25ºC
125ºC
Case Temperature (ºC)
Figure 5: Efficiency at 60% load (0.4A load on +15V and 0.4A load on
-15V) versus case temperature for Vin = 16V, 28V and 40V.
Product# MQBL-28-15D
16 Vin
0.5
Figure 6: Power Dissipation at 60% load (0.4A load on +15V and 0.4A
load on -15V) versus case temperature for Vin = 16V, 28V and 40V.
www.SynQor.com
Doc.# 005-0006069 Rev. D
09/14/15
Page 5
MQBL-28-15D
Output: ±15V
Current: 1.3A Total
Technical Figures
-15.4
15.3
-15.3
15.3
-15.3
15.2
-15.2
15.2
-15.2
15.1
-15.1
15.1
-15.1
15
-15.0
15
-15.0
14.9
-14.9
14.9
-14.9
14.8
-14.8
14.8
-14.8
14.7
-14.7
14.7
-Vout
-14.6
14.6
0.65/0.67
-14.5
0.26/1.04
14.5
1.04/0.26
0.78/0.52
+IOUT (A)
/ -IOUT (A)
0.52/0.78
-14.6
-Vout
14.5
1.04/0
0.78/0.26
0.52/0.52
+IOUT (A)
Figure 7: Load regulation vs. load current with power fixed at full load
(20W) and load currents split as shown between the +15V and -15V
outputs, at niminal input voltage and Tcase = 25ºC.
-14.7
+Vout
/ -IOUT (A)
-14.5
0/1.04
0.26/0.78
Figure 8: Load regulation vs. load current with power fixed at 80% load
(16W) and load currents split as shown between the +15V and -15V
outputs, at niminal input voltage and Tcase = 25ºC.
-15.5
15.4
-15.4
15.3
-15.3
15.3
-15.3
15.2
-15.2
15.2
-15.2
15.1
-15.1
15
-15.0
14.9
-14.9
14.8
-14.8
14.7
-14.7
14.7
-14.6
14.6
-14.5
14.5
+Vout
14.6
-Vout
14.5
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Positive Output (V)
15.5
-15.4
Negative Output (V)
-15.5
15.4
Positive Output (V)
15.5
15.1
-15.1
15
-15
14.9
-14.9
14.8
-14.8
20
Negative Output (V)
+Vout
14.6
Negative Output (V)
-15.5
15.4
Positive Output (V)
15.5
-15.4
Negative Output (V)
-15.5
15.4
Positive Output (V)
15.5
-14.7
+Vout
-14.6
-Vout
-14.5
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Total Output Power (W)
Total Output Power (W)
Figure 9: Load regulation vs. total output power from zero to full load
where +Iout equals three times -Iout a nominal input voltage and Tcase
= 25ºC.
Figure 10: Load regulation vs. total output power from zero to full load
where -Iout equals three times +Iout a nominal input voltage and Tcase
= 25ºC.
1.67
25
1.33
20
1.00
15
16
Tjmax = 105º C
0.33
5
Tjmax = 125º C
0.00
0
45
65
85
105
Case Temperature (ºC)
125
145
Figure 11: Output Current / Output Power derating curve as a function
of Tcase and the Maximum desired power MOSFET junction temperature
at Vin = 28V (see Note 12).
Product# MQBL-28-15D
10
8
6
4
2
Tjmax = 145º C
25
Output Voltage (V)
10
0.67
12
Pout (W)
Iout (A)
14
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0
0
0.5
1
Load Current (A)
1.5
2
Figure 12: Positive output voltage vs. total load current, evenly split,
showing typical current limit curves at Vin = 28V.
www.SynQor.com
Doc.# 005-0006069 Rev. D
09/14/15
Page 6
MQBL-28-15D
Output: ±15V
Current: 1.3A Total
Technical Figures
Figure 13: Turn-on transient at full load current (resistive load) (5 ms/
div). Input voltage pre-applied. Ch 1: Enable1 input (5V/div); Ch 2:
+Vout (10V/div); Ch 3: -Vout (10V/div).
Figure 14: Turn-on transient at zero load current (5ms/div). Input
voltage pre-applied. Ch 1: Enable1 input (5V/div); Ch 2: +Vout (10V/
div); Ch 3: -Vout (10V/div).
Figure 15: Turn-on transient at full load current, after application of
input voltage (ENA 1 logic high) (5ms/div). Input voltage pre-applied.
Ch 1: Enable1 input (20V/div); Ch 2: +Vout (10V/div); Ch 3: -Vout (10V/
div).
Figure 16: Output voltage response to step-change in total load current (50%100%-50%) of total Iout (max) split 50%/50%. Load cap: 1μF ceramic cap and
10μF, 100mΩ ESR tantalum cap. Ch 1: +Vout (200mV/div); Ch 2: +Iout (500mA/
div); Ch 3: -Vout (200mV/div); Ch 4: -Iout (500mA/div).
Figure 17: Output voltage response to step-change in total load current (0%-50%0%) of total Iout (max) split 50%/50%. Load cap: 1μF ceramic cap and 10μF,
100mΩ ESR tantalum cap. Ch 1: +Vout (500mV/div); Ch 2: +Iout (500mA/div);
Ch 3: -Vout (500mV/div); Ch 4: -Iout (500mA/div).
Figure 18: Output voltage response to step-change in input voltage (16V-50V16V). Load cap: 1μF ceramic cap and 10μF, 100mΩ ESR tantalum cap. Ch 1:
+Vout (200mV/div); Ch 2: -Vout (200mV/div); Ch 4: Vin (20V/div).
Product# MQBL-28-15D
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.SynQor.com
Doc.# 005-0006069 Rev. D
09/14/15
Page 7
MQBL-28-15D
Output: ±15V
Current: 1.3A Total
Technical Figures
Figure 19: Test set-up diagram showing measurement points for Input
Terminal Ripple Current (Figure 20) and Output Voltage Ripple (Figure
21).
Figure 20: Input terminal current ripple, ic, at full rated output current
and nominal input voltage with SynQor MQ filter module (50mA/div).
Bandwidth; 20MHz. See Figure 19.
Figure 21: Output voltage ripple, +Vout (Ch 1) and -Vout (Ch 2),at
nominal input voltage and full load current evenly split (50mV/div). Load
capacitance: 1μF ceramic cap and 10μF tantalum cap.. Bandwidth;
10MHz. See Figure 19.
Figure 22: Rise of output voltage after the removal of a short across the
positive output terminals. Ch l: +Vout (10V/div); Ch 2: -Vout (10V/div);
Ch 3:+Iout (1A/div).
Output Impedance (ohms)
10
1
0.1
16Vin
28Vin
40Vin
0.01
100
Figure 23: SYNC OUT vs. time, driving SYNC IN of a second SynQor
MQHL converter.
Product# MQBL-28-15D
Phone 1-888-567-9596
1,000
Hz
10,000
100,000
Figure 24: Magnitude of incremental output impedance of +15V output
(+Zout =+ vout/+iout) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input
voltage at full rated power (80/20 split).
www.SynQor.com
Doc.# 005-0006069 Rev. D
09/14/15
Page 8
MQBL-28-15D
Output: ±15V
Current: 1.3A Total
Technical Figures
10
0
-10
Forward Transmission (dB)
Output Impedance (ohms)
-20
1
-30
-40
-50
0.1
-60
16Vin
-70
28Vin
40Vin
1,000
Hz
10,000
28Vin
-80
0.01
100
16Vin
100,000
Figure 25: Magnitude of incremental output impedance of -15V output
(-Zout = -vout/-iout) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage
at full rated power (80/20 split).
40Vin
-90
10
100
1,000
Hz
10,000
100,000
Figure 26: Magnitude of incremental forward transmission of +15V
output (+FT = +vout/+vin) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input
voltage at full rated power (80/20 split).
15
-10
10
-20
Forward Transmission (dB)
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
16Vin
28Vin
-90
Reverse Transmission (dB)
5
-30
40Vin
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
16Vin
-25
28Vin
-30
40Vin
-35
-100
10
100
1,000
Hz
10,000
10
100,000
Figure 27: Magnitude of incremental forward transmission of -15V
output (-FT = -vout/-vin) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input
voltage at full rated power (80/20 split).
15
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
Hz
Figure 28: Magnitude of incremental reverse transmission of +15V
output (+RT = +iin/+iout) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input
voltage at full rated power (80/20 split).
100
10
0
Input Impedance (ohms)
Reverse Transmission (dB)
5
-5
-10
-15
-20
16Vin
-25
28Vin
-30
10
1
16Vin
28Vin
40Vin
40Vin
-35
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
0.1
10
Hz
Figure 29: Magnitude of incremental reverse transmission of -15V output
(-RT = -iin/-iout) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at
full rated power (80/20 split).
Product# MQBL-28-15D
Phone 1-888-567-9596
100
1,000
Hz
10,000
100,000
Figure 30: Magnitude of incremental input impedance (Zin = vin/iin) for
minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power (80/20
split).
www.SynQor.com
Doc.# 005-0006069 Rev. D
09/14/15
Page 9
MQBL-28-15D
Output: ±15V
Current: 1.3A Total
Technical Figures
Figure 31: High frequency conducted emissions of standalone MQHL-2805S, 5Vout module at 50W output, as measured with Method CE102. Limit
line shown is the ‘Basic Curve’ for all applications with a 28V source.
Figure 32: High frequency conducted emissions of MQHL-28-05S, 5Vout
module at 50W output with MQHE-28-P filter, as measured with Method
CE102. Limit line shown is the ‘Basic Curve’ for all applications with a
28V source.
Data Pending
Product# MQBL-28-15D
Phone 1-888-567-9596
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Doc.# 005-0006069 Rev. D
09/14/15
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MQBL-28-15D
Output: ±15V
Current: 1.3A Total
Application Section
BASIC OPERATION AND FEATURES
The MQBL DC/DC converter uses a two-stage power
conversion topology. The first, or regulation, stage is a
buck-converter that keeps the output voltage constant over
variations in line, load, and temperature. The second, or
isolation, stage uses transformers to provide the functions of
input/output isolation and voltage transformation to achieve
the output voltage required.
In the dual output converter there are two secondary
windings in the transformer of the isolation stage, one for
each output. There is only one regulation stage, however,
and it is used to control the positive output. The negative
output therefore displays “Cross-Regulation”, meaning that
its output voltage depends on how much current is drawn
from each output.
output over-voltage limit. There is also an output current
limit that is nearly constant as the load impedance decreases
(i.e., there is not fold-back or fold-forward characteristic to
the output current under this condition). When a load fault
is removed, the output voltage rises exponentially to its
nominal value without an overshoot. If a load fault pulls the
output voltage below about 60% of nominal, the converter
will shut down to attempt to clear the load fault. After a
short delay it will try to auto-restart.
The MQBL converter’s control circuit does not implement an
over-temperature shutdown.
The following sections describe the use and operation of
additional control features provided by the MQBL converter.
CONTROL FEATURES
Both the positive and the negative outputs share a common
OUTPUT RETURN pin.
Both the regulation and the isolation stages switch at a fixed
frequency for predictable EMI performance. The isolation
stage switches at one half the frequency of the regulation
stage, but due to the push-pull nature of this stage it creates
a ripple at double its switching frequency. As a result, both
the input and the output of the converter have a fundamental
ripple frequency of about 550 kHz in the free-running mode.
Rectification of the isolation stage’s output is accomplished
with synchronous rectifiers. These devices, which are
MOSFETs with a very low resistance, dissipate far less energy
than would Schottky diodes. This is the primary reason why
the MQBL converters have such high efficiency, particularly at
low output voltages.
Besides improving efficiency, the synchronous rectifiers
permit operation down to zero load current. There is no
longer a need for a minimum load, as is typical for converters
that use diodes for rectification. The synchronous rectifiers
actually permit a negative load current to flow back into the
converter’s output terminals if the load is a source of short
or long term energy. The MQBL converters employ a “backdrive current limit” to keep this negative output terminal
current small.
There is a control circuit in the MQBL converter that determines
the conduction state of the power switches. It communicates
across the isolation barrier through a magnetically coupled
device. No opto-isolators are used.
An input under-voltage shutdown feature with hysteresis is
provided, as well as an input over-voltage shutdown and an
Product# MQBL-28-15D
Phone 1-888-567-9596
5V
82.5K
PIN4
PIN2
ENA1
10K
TO ENABLE
CIRCUITRY
IN RTN
Figure A: Circuit diagram shown for reference only, actual circuit
components may differ from values shown for equivalent circuit.
ENABLE: The MQBL converter has one enable pin, ENA1
(pin 4), which is referenced with respect to the converter’s
input return (pin 2). It must have a logic high level for the
converter to be enabled; a logic low inhibits the converter.
The enable pin is internally pulled high so that an open
connection will enable the converter. Figure A shows the
equivalent circuit looking into the enable pin. It is TTL
compatible and has hysteresis.
SHUT DOWN: The MQBL converter will shut down in
response to only five conditions: ENA input low, VIN input
below under-voltage shutdown threshold, VIN input above
over-voltage shutdown threshold, output voltage below the
output under-voltage threshold, and output voltage above
the output over-voltage threshold. Following any shutdown
event, there is a startup inhibit delay which will prevent the
converter from restarting for approximately 100ms. After
the 100ms delay elapses, if the enable inputs are high and
the input voltage is within the operating range, the converter
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09/14/15
Page 11
MQBL-28-15D
Output: ±15V
Current: 1.3A Total
Application Section
will restart. If the VIN input is brought down to nearly 0V
and back into the operating range, there is no startup inhibit,
and the output voltage will rise according to the “Turn-On
Delay, Rising Vin” specification.
SYNCHRONIZATION: The MQBL converter’s switching
frequency can be synchronized to an external frequency
source that is in the 500 kHz to 700 kHz range. A pulse
train at the desired frequency should be applied to the SYNC
IN pin (pin 6) with respect to the INPUT RETURN (pin 2).
This pulse train should have a duty cycle in the 20% to 80%
range. Its low value should be below 0.8V to be guaranteed
to be interpreted as a logic low, and its high value should
be above 2.0V to be guaranteed to be interpreted as a logic
high. The transition time between the two states should be
less than 300ns.
If the MQBL converter is not to be synchronized, the SYNC
IN pin should be left open circuit. The converter will
then operate in its free-running mode at a frequency of
approximately 550 kHz.
If, due to a fault, the SYNC IN pin is held in either a logic low
or logic high state continuously, or the SYNC IN frequency
is outside the 500-700 kHz range, the MQBL converter will
revert to its free-running frequency.
The MQBL converter also has a SYNC OUT pin (pin 5). This
output can be used to drive the SYNC IN pins of as many as
ten (10) other MQBL converters. The pulse train coming out
of SYNC OUT has a duty cycle of 50% and a frequency that
matches the switching frequency of the converter with which
it is associated. This frequency is either the free-running
frequency if there is no valid synchronization signal at the
SYNC IN pin, or the synchronization frequency if there is.
The synchronization feature is entirely compatible with that
of SynQor’s MQFL family of converters.
OUTPUT VOLTAGE TRIM: If desired, it is possible to
increase or decrease the MQBL dual converter’s output voltage
from its nominal value. To increase the output voltage a
resistor, Rtrim up, should be connected between TRIM pin
(pin 10) and the OUTPUT RETURN pin (pin 8), as shown in
Figure D. The value of this resistor should be determined
according to the following equation of from Figure E:
Rtrim up(Ω) = 8300Ω*Vnom
Vout - Vnom - 41700Ω
where:
Vnom = the converter’s nominal output voltage,
Vout = the desired output voltage (greater than
Vnom), and
Rtrim up is in Ohms.
As the output voltage is trimmed up, it produces a greater
voltage stress on the converter’s internal components
and may cause the converter to fail to deliver the
desired output voltage at the low end of the input
voltage range at the higher end of the load current and
temperature range. Please consult the factory for details.
To trim the output voltage below its nominal value, connect
an external resistor (Rtrim down) between the TRIM pin
and the POSITIVE OUTPUT pin (pin 7), and another resistor
(Rtrim sense) connected between the TRIM pin and the
OUTPUT RETURN pin as shown in Figure D. The values of
these trim down resistors should be chosen according to the
following equation or from Figure E:
Rtrim down(Ω) = 50100Ω*Vout - 27500Ω*Vnom
- 137500Ω
Vnom - Vout
Rtrim sense(Ω) = 0.43 * Rtrim down(Ω)
where:
Figure B shows the equivalent circuit looking into the SYNC
IN pin and Figure C shows the equivalent circuit looking into
the SYNC OUT pin.
Vnom = the converter’s nominal output voltage,
Vout = the desired output voltage (less than Vnom),
and
Rtrim down and Rtrim sense are in Ohms.
5V
5V
5K
PIN 6
PIN 2
SYNC IN
5K
5K
TO SYNC
CIRCUITRY
SYNC OUT
FROM SYNC
CIRCUITRY
IN RTN
IN RTN
OPEN COLLECTOR
OUTPUT
Figure B: Equivalent circuit looking into the SYNC IN pin with
respect to the IN RTN (input return) pin.
Product# MQBL-28-15D
Phone 1-888-567-9596
PIN 5
PIN 2
Figure C: Equivalent circuit looking into SYNC OUT pin with
respect to the IN RTN (input return) pin.
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Doc.# 005-0006069 Rev. D
09/14/15
Page 12
MQBL-28-15D
Output: ±15V
Current: 1.3A Total
Application Section
INPUT OVER-VOLTAGE SHUTDOWN: The MQBL
converter also has an over-voltage feature that ensures the
converter will be off if the input voltage is too high. It also
has a hysteresis and time delay to ensure proper operation.
OUTPUT OVER-VOLTAGE SHUTDOWN: The MQBL
converter will shut down if the voltage at its power output
pins ever exceeds about 130% of the nominal value. The
shutdown threshold does not change with output trim or
sense drops; excessive trim-up or output wiring drops may
cause an output over-voltage shutdown event. After a
startup inhibit delay, the converter will attempt to restart.
OUTPUT UNDER-VOLTAGE SHUTDOWN: The MQBL
converter will also shut down if the voltage at its power
output pins ever dips below 60% of the nominal value for
more than a few milliseconds. Output voltage reduction
due to output current overload (current limit) is the most
common trigger for this shutdown. The shutdown threshold
does not change with output trim but at only 10%, trimdown should not trigger this event. After a startup inhibit
delay, the converter will attempt to restart. This shutdown
is disabled during startup.
28Vdc
+
open
means
on
1
+VIN
2
IN RTN
3
CASE
4
ENA 1
5
SYNC OUT
6
SYNC IN
10000
External Trim Resistance (kOhms)
INPUT UNDER-VOLTAGE SHUTDOWN: The MQBL
converter has an under-voltage shutdown feature that
ensures the converter will be off if the input voltage is too
low. The input voltage turn-on threshold is higher than
the turn-off threshold. In addition, the MQBL converter will
not respond to a state of the input voltage unless it has
remained in that state for more than about 200µs. This
hysteresis and the delay ensure proper operation when the
source impedance is high or in a noisy environment.
Trim Up
Trim Down
Trim Sense
1000
100
10
-10%
-8%
-6%
-4%
-2%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
Output Voltage Adjustment
Figure E: Trim up and Trim down as a function of external trim resistance.
BACK-DRIVE CURRENT LIMIT: Converters that use
MOSFETs as synchronous rectifiers are capable of drawing
a negative current from the load if the load is a source of
short- or long-term energy. This negative current is referred
to as a “back-drive current”.
Conditions where back-drive current might occur include
paralleled converters that do not employ current sharing.
It can also occur when converters having different output
voltages are connected together through either explicit or
parasitic diodes that, while normally off, become conductive
during startup or shutdown. Finally, some loads, such as
motors, can return energy to their power rail. Even a load
capacitor is a source of back-drive energy for some period of
time during a shutdown transient.
N/C
MQBL
12
N/C 11
TRIM 10
Rtrim up /
Rtrim sense
Rtrim
down
-VOUT 9
OUT RTN 8
Load
+VOUT 7
Load
+
+
Figure D: Typical connection for output voltage trimming.
Product# MQBL-28-15D
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09/14/15
Page 13
MQBL-28-15D
Output: ±15V
Current: 1.3A Total
Application Section
To avoid any problems that might arise due to back-drive
current, the MQBL converters limit the negative current that
the converter can draw from its output terminals. The
threshold for this back-drive current limit is placed sufficiently
below zero so that the converter may operate properly
down to zero load, but its absolute value (see the Electrical
Characteristics page) is small compared to the converter’s
rated output current.
CURRENT LIMIT: In the event of excess load, the MQBL
converter will quickly reduce its output voltage to keep
the load current within safe limits (see Figure 12). If the
overload persists for more than 14 milliseconds, the converter
will shut off, wait a restart delay, and then automatically
attempt to re-start. The timeout is internally implemented
with an integrator: counting up whenever current limit is
active, and counting down at 1/5th the rate whenever current
limit becomes inactive. In this way a series of short-duration
overloads will not cause the converter to shut down, while it
will shut down in response to sustained overloads.
THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS: Figure 11 shows the
suggested Power Derating Curves for this converter as
a function of the case temperature and the maximum
desired power MOSFET junction temperature. All other
components within the converter are cooler than its hottest
MOSFET, which at full power is no more than 20ºC higher
than the case temperature directly below this MOSFET.
When the converter is mounted on a metal plate, the plate
will help to make the converter’s case bottom a uniform
temperature. How well it does so depends on the thickness
of the plate and on the thermal conductance of the interface
layer (e.g. thermal grease, thermal pad, etc.) between
the case and the plate. Unless this is done very well, it
is important not to mistake the plate’s temperature for the
maximum case temperature. It is easy for them to be as much
as 5-10ºC different at full power and at high temperatures.
It is suggested that a thermocouple be attached directly to
the converter’s case through a small hole in the plate when
investigating how hot the converter is getting. Care must
also be made to ensure that there is not a large thermal
resistance between the thermocouple and the case due to
whatever adhesive might be used to hold the thermocouple
in place.
INPUT SYSTEM INSTABILITY: This condition can occur
because any dc-dc converter appears incrementally as a
negative resistance load. A detailed application note titled
“Input System Instability” is available on the SynQor website
which provides an understanding of why this instability
arises, and shows the preferred solution for correcting it.
The Mil-HDBK-1547A component derating guideline calls for
a maximum component temperature of 105ºC. Figure 11
therefore has one power derating curve that ensures this limit
is maintained. It has been SynQor’s extensive experience that
reliable long-term converter operation can be achieved with
a maximum component temperature of 125ºC. In extreme
cases, a maximum temperature of 145ºC is permissible, but not
recommended for long-term operation where high reliability is
required. Derating curves for these higher temperature limits
are also included in Figure 11. The maximum case temperature
at which the converter should be operated is 135ºC.
Product# MQBL-28-15D
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www.SynQor.com
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09/14/15
Page 14
MQBL-28-15D
Output: ±15V
Current: 1.3A Total
Stress Screening
CONSTRUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS SCREENING OPTIONS
Consistent with
MIL-STD-883F
Screening
C-Grade
ES-Grade
from
( specified
0 °C to +70 °C )
Element Evaluation
HB-Grade
from
from
( -45specified
( -55specified
°C to +100 °C )
°C to +125 °C )
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Internal Visual
*
Yes
Temperature Cycle
Method 1010
No
Constant Acceleration
Method 2001
(Y1 Direction)
No
500g
Condition A
(5000g)
Burn-in
Method 1015
24 Hrs @ +125 °C
96 Hrs @ +125 °C
160 Hrs @ +125 °C
Final Electrical Test
Method 5005 (Group A)
+25 °C
-45, +25, +100 °C
-55, +25, +125 °C
Full QorSeal
Full QorSeal
Full QorSeal
*
Yes
Yes
QorSeal
QorSeal
QorSeal
Mechanical Seal,
Thermal, and
Coating Process
External Visual
2009
Construction Process
Condition B
Condition C
(-55 °C to +125 °C) (-65 °C to +150 °C)
* Per IPC-A-610 Class 3
MilQor converters and filters are offered in three variations of environmental stress screening options. All MilQor converters use SynQor’s
proprietary QorSeal® Hi-Rel assembly process that includes a Parylene-C coating of the circuit, a high performance thermal compound filler, and a
nickel barrier gold plated aluminum case. Each successively higher grade has more stringent mechanical and electrical testing, as well as a longer
burn-in cycle. The ES- and HB-Grades are also constructed of components that have been procured through an element evaluation process that prequalifies each new batch of devices.
Product# MQBL-28-15D
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MQBL-28-15D
Output: ±15V
Current: 1.3A Total
Technical Specifications
MIL-STD-810F Qualification Testing
MIL-STD-810F Test
Fungus
Method
Description
508.5
Table 508.5-I
500.4 - Procedure I
Storage: 70,000ft. / 2 Hr. duration
500.4 - Procedure II
Operating; 70,000ft. / 2 Hr. duration; Ambient Temperature
Rapid Decompression
500.4 - Procedure III
Storage: 8,000ft. to 40,000ft.
Acceleration
513.5 - Procedure II
Operating - 15g’s
Salt Fog
509.4
Storage
501.4 - Procedure I
Storage: 135°C / 3 hrs
501.4 - Procedure II
Operating: 100°C / 3 hrs
502.4 - Procedure I
Storage: -65°C / 4 hrs
502.4 - Procedure II
Operating: -55°C / 3 hrs
Altitude
High Temperature
Low Temperature
Temperature Shock
503.4 - Procedure I - C Storage: -65°C to 135°C; 12 cycles
Rain
506.4 - Procedure I
Wind Blown Rain
Immersion
512.4 - Procedure I
Non-Operating
Humidity
507.4 - Procedure II
Random Vibration
514.5 - Procedure I
10-2000 Hz, PSD level of 1.5 g2/Hz(54.6grms), duration = 1 hr/axis
516.5 - Procedure I
20g’s peak, 11ms, Functional Shock (Operating no load) (saw tooth)
516.5 - Procedure VI
Bench Handling Shock
Shock
Sinusoidal vibration
Sand and Dust
Product# MQBL-28-15D
514.5 - Category 14
Aggravated cycle @ 95% RH (Figure 507.5-7 aggravated temp humidity cycle, 15 cycles)
Rotary wing aircraft - helicopter, 4hrs/axis, 20g’s (sine sweep from 10 500HZ)
510.4 - Procedure I
Blowing Dust
510.4 - Procedure II
Blowing Sand
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MQBL-28-15D
Output: ±15V
Current: 1.3A Total
Technical Specifications
First Article Testing consistent with MIL-STD-883F
MIL-STD-883F Test
Method
Description
Electrical Tests
5005
Physical Dimensions test
2016
Resistance to Solvents test
2015.13
Solderability test
2003.8
Lead Integrity test
2004.5
Salt Atmosphere test
1009.8
Adhesion of Lead Finish test
2025.4
Altitude Operation test
1001
Condition “C”
ESD Sensitivity
3015.7
Class 2
Stabilization Bake test
1008.2
Condition “C”
Vibration Fatigue test
2005.2
Condition “A”
Random Vibration test
2026
Condition “II K”
Condition “A”
Sequential Test Group #1
Life Test – Steady State test
1005.8
Life Test – Intermittent Duty test
1006
Sequential Test Group #2
Temperature Cycle test
1010.8
Condition “C”
Constant Acceleration test
2001.2
Condition “A”
Thermal Shock test
1011.9
Condition “B”
Temperature Cycle test
1010.8
Condition “C”
Moisture Resistance test
1004.7
With Sub cycle
Mechanical Shock test
2002.4
Condition “B”
Variable Frequency Vibration test
2007.3
Condition “A”
Sequential Test Group #3
Sequential Test Group #4
Product# MQBL-28-15D
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09/14/15
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MQBL-28-15D
Output: ±15V
Current: 1.3A Total
Mechanical Diagrams
PIN DESIGNATIONS
Pin # Function
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
MQBL-28-15D-S-ES
DC-DC ConvErtEr
16-40vin ±15vout @ 1.3A
Positive input
Input return
Case
Enable 1
Sync output
Sync input
Positive output
Output return
Negative output
Trim
No connection
No connection
Case S
NOTES
1) Pins:
Diameter: 0.040" (1.02mm)
Material: Copper Alloy
Finish: Gold over Nickel plate
2) Case:
Material: Aluminum
Finish: Gold over Nickel plate
3) All dimensions are in inches (mm)
Tolerances:
x.xx": +/-0.02"
(x.xmm: +/-0.5mm)
x.xxx": +/-0.010"
(x.xxmm +/-0.25mm)
4) Weight:
MQBL-28-15D-F-ES
DC-DC ConvErtEr
16-40vin ±15vout @ 1.3A
Standard: 1.17oz (33.3g)
Flanged: 1.24oz (35.1g)
5) Flanged version can be mounted using
the 2 center holes or the 4 outer holes
6) Workmanship: Meets or exceeds
IPC-A-610C Class III
Case F
Product# MQBL-28-15D
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09/14/15
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MQBL-28-15D
Output: ±15V
Current: 1.3A Total
Ordering Information
MilQor Converter FAMILY MATRIX
The tables below show the array of MilQor converters available. When ordering SynQor converters, please ensure that
you use the complete part number according to the table in the last page. Contact the factory for other requirements.
Single Output
MQHL-28
16-40Vin Cont.
16-50Vin 1s Trans.*
Dual Output †
1.5V
(1R5S)
1.8V
(1R8S)
2.5V
(2R5S)
3.3V
(3R3S)
5V
(05S)
6V
(06S)
7.5V
(7R5S)
9V
(09S)
12V
(12S)
15V
(15S)
28V
(28S)
5V
(05D)
12V
(12D)
15V
(15D)
20A
20A
20A
15A
10A
8A
6.6A
5.5A
4A
3.3A
1.8A
10A
Total
4A
Total
3.3A
Total
20A
20A
20A
15A
10A
8A
6.6A
5.5A
4A
3.3A
1.8A
10A
Total
4A
Total
3.3A
Total
10A
10A
10A
7.5A
5A
4A
3.3A
2.75A
2A
1.65A
0.9A
5A
Total
2A
Total
1.65A
Total
10A
10A
10A
7.5A
5A
4A
3.3A
2.75A
2A
1.65A
0.9A
5A
Total
2A
Total
1.65A
Total
1.5V
(1R5S)
1.8V
(1R8S)
2.5V
(2R5S)
3.3V
(3R3S)
5V
(05S)
6V
(06S)
7.5V
(7R5S)
9V
(09S)
12V
(12S)
15V
(15S)
28V
(28S)
5V
(05D)
12V
(12D)
15V
(15D)
8A
8A
8A
6A
4A
3.3A
2.6A
2.2A
1.6A
1.3A
0.7A
4A
Total
1.6A
Total
1.3A
Total
8A
8A
8A
6A
4A
3.3A
2.6A
2.2A
1.6A
1.3A
0.7A
4A
Total
1.6A
Total
1.3A
Total
Absolute Max Vin = 60V
MQHL-28E
16-70Vin Cont.
16-80Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin =100V
MQHR-28
16-40Vin Cont.
16-50Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 60V
MQHR-28E
16-70Vin Cont.
16-80Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 100V
Single Output
Dual Output †
MQBL-28
16-40Vin Cont.
16-50Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 60V
MQBL-28E
16-70Vin Cont.
16-80Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin =100V
Check with factory for availability.
†80% of total output current available on any one output.
*Converters may be operated at the highest transient input voltage, but some component electrical and thermal stresses would be beyond MILHDBK-1547A guidelines.
Product# MQBL-28-15D
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.SynQor.com
Doc.# 005-0006069 Rev. D
09/14/15
Page 19
MQBL-28-15D
Output: ±15V
Current: 1.3A Total
Ordering Information
PART NUMBERING SYSTEM
The part numbering system for SynQor’s MilQor DC-DC converters follows the format shown in the table below.
Not all combinations make valid part numbers, please contact SynQor for availability. See the Product Summary web page for more options.
Example:
Input
Voltage
Range
Model
Name
28
28E
MQBL
MQBL-28-15D-F-ES
Output Voltage(s)
Single
Output
Dual
Output
1R5S
1R8S
2R5S
3R3S
05S
06S
7R5S
09S
12S
15S
28S
05D
12D
15D
Package Outline/
Pin Configuration
Screening
Grade
S
F
C
ES
HB
APPLICATION NOTES
A variety of application notes and technical white papers can be downloaded in pdf format from the SynQor website.
Contact SynQor for further information and to order:
Phone:
Toll Free:
Fax:
E-mail:
Web:
Address:
Product# MQBL-28-15D
978-849-0600
1-888-567-9596
978-849-0602
[email protected]
www.synqor.com
155 Swanson Road
Boxborough, MA 01719
USA
Phone 1-888-567-9596
PATENTS
SynQor holds numerous U.S. patents, one or more of which apply to most of its power converter
products. Any that apply to the product(s) listed in this document are identified by markings on
the product(s) or on internal components of the product(s) in accordance with U.S. patent laws.
SynQor’s patents include the following:
5,999,417
6,222,742
6,545,890
6,594,159 6,731,520
6,894,468
6,896,526
6,927,987
7,050,309
7,072,190
7,085,146
7,119,524
7,269,034
7,272,021
7,272,023
7,558,083
7,564,702
7,765,687
7,787,261
8,023,290
8,149,597
8,493,751 8,644,027
Warranty
SynQor offers a two (2) year limited warranty. Complete warranty information
is listed on our website or is available upon request from SynQor.
www.SynQor.com
Doc.# 005-0006069 Rev. D
09/14/15
Page 20