AZPB70 Programmer Board Kit for AZT70/71 www.azmicrotek.com DESCRIPTION FEATURES The AZPB70 programmer board kit is a PC based assembly that enables prototyping and bench testing of the AZT70 and AZT71 Programmable Capacitive Tuning ICs. It may also be used in production to simplify tuning. The AZT70/71 is a digitally programmed capacitor specifically designed to tune a crystal or SAW based oscillator to a desired center frequency. The desired capacitance value for production trimming is set by a serial data stream when placed into a programming mode. They are designed to be a labor and cost saving devices within the oscillator production process. • • • Using EEPROM technology, the capacitance can be re-tuned as needed during the production process by repeating the programming steps thereby increasing production yield. APPLICATIONS INCLUDED HARDWARE • Fast production tuning of crystal or SAW oscillators Filters requiring capacitive tuning Table 1 – AZPB70 included hardware Description Programmer board kit for AZT70 and AZT71 capacitive tuning ICs Reprogrammable through nonvolatile EEPROM storage Software to be used with Windows XP SP2, Windows Vista, & Windows 7 operating systems Item Qty 1 1 AZPB70 Programmer Board Comments 2 1 AZDB70 Demo Board Simple 54MHz oscillator design 3 1 6 Pin Ribbon Cable Connects programmer board to demo board 4 1 10' USB Cable (A-B) Connects programmer board to PC 5 1 USB Drive (AZM Logo) Contains driver program and PC software • PACKAGE OPTIONS • • • SON8 TSOT6 o AZT71 only MLP6 o AZT71 only Part Number (PN) Package Notes AZPB70Q SON8 Includes AZT70Q & AZT71Q samples AZPB70H TSOT6 Includes AZT71H samples only AZPB70M MLP6 Includes AZT71M samples only www.azmicrotek.com +1-480-962-5881 Request a Sample 1630 S Stapley Dr, Suite 127 Mesa, AZ 85204 USA July 2012, Rev 1.3 Arizona Microtek, Inc. AZPB70 Programmer Board for AZT70/71 HARDWARE OVERVIEW The AZPB70 programmer board comes with all the hardware listed in Table 1. These hardware parts are necessary to complete the setup shown in Figure 1 which is used to evaluate the AZT70 and AZT71 capacitive tuning ICs. This setup includes a simple 54MHz oscillator design with an AZT71Q part that may programmed to see the effects on other designs. For production programming and measurement, the AZT70/71 should be soldered onto the oscillator PCB board where the 3 programming pins are accessible through the PCB substrate (Figure 2). The programming board may be used for production programming. Figure 3 and Figure 4 detail the top & bottom views of the programmer board, respectively. +5V GND AZDB70 Demo Board USB Cable AZT70/71 DA X 1 CLK PV 54 MHz osc OUT 6 pin ribbon cable Frequency Counter or Spectrum Analyzer Programmer PCB Figure 1 – AZPB70 Hardware setup for evaluation RESONATOR OSCILLATOR OUT USB Cable AZT70/71 DA X1 CLK PV 6 pin ribbon cable Programming pins accessed through PCB substrate Programmer PCB Measurement device Figure 2 – AZPB70 hardware setup for production www.azmicrotek.com +1-480-962-5881 Request a Sample 2 July 2012, Rev 1.3 Arizona Microtek, Inc. AZPB70 Programmer Board for AZT70/71 Figure 3 - Programmer PCB Top View Figure 4 - Programmer PCB Bottom View USING THE AZDB70 DEMO BOARD The Programmer Board connects to the AZDB70 demo board through a 6-pin ribbon cable to provide the programming functions. After installing the software (described below) connect the AZDB70 to a +5 Volt power supply (J3), frequency counter/spectrum analyzer (J2), and programming board (J1). Refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 for the board layout and schematic of the AZDB70 demo board. Table 2 details the pin connections. Apply power to the AZDB70 and use the “Set Capacitance” function of the programming software, selecting “0” codes for Chi (AZT71 only), Cmid, and Clo. This produces the highest operating frequency of the oscillator since the AZT70/71 adds the minimum capacitance to the fixed 5pF capacitor (C9) on the board. Then select all “1” codes for the capacitors which sets the oscillator to its lowest operating frequency. Chose a convenient capacitor code word, set the capacitance, and then store in in the AZT70/71 EEPROM by using the “Program EEPROM” function. Note the measured output frequency. Remove the 6 pin ribbon cable between the demo board and the programmer, turn off or disconnect the +5 Volt supply, and then re-apply the +5 Volt supply. The output frequency will be the same as seen before showing that the programmed capacitance value remains in the non-volatile AZT70/71 EEPROM memory. www.azmicrotek.com +1-480-962-5881 Request a Sample 3 July 2012, Rev 1.3 Arizona Microtek, Inc. AZPB70 Programmer Board for AZT70/71 Reconnect the programming board and set the EEPROM contents to select a different capacitance value. Repeat the above power cycle steps and observe the non-volatile capacitance value storage for multiple code words. The “Cap Control (CLK)” line on the PC programming software screen indicate the source of the capacitance set value whenever the programming board is connected to the demo board. When the CLK line of the AZT70/71 is high, the capacitance value reflects the register code. When the CLK line is low, the value reflects the EEPROM code. The AZT70/71 contains an internal pull-down resistor selecting the EEPROM code whenever the demonstration board is disconnected from the programming board. The register code storage is volatile so the value will not remain intact through a power cycle. The EEPROM code is non-volatile and remains the same through power cycles. Table 2 – Pin Connections for AZDB70 Demo Board Pin Signal J1 : 6 Pin Ribbon 1 n/c 2 GND 3 AZT70/71 VDD 4 DA 5 CLK 6 PV J2 : SMA RF Output 1 RF Output 2 GND J3 : +5V Supply 1 +5V VDC 2 GND Figure 5 – AZDB70 Board Layout www.azmicrotek.com +1-480-962-5881 Request a Sample 4 July 2012, Rev 1.3 Arizona Microtek, Inc. AZPB70 Programmer Board for AZT70/71 Figure 6 – AZDB70 Schematic www.azmicrotek.com +1-480-962-5881 Request a Sample 5 July 2012, Rev 1.3 Arizona Microtek, Inc. AZPB70 Programmer Board for AZT70/71 SOFTWARE OVERVIEW The AZPB70 software operates under Windows XP SP2+, Windows Vista and Windows 7 operating systems. The software package includes a USB driver and a PC based interface program. DRIVER INSTALLATION Install the USB software driver before plugging the programmer board into the USB port. *Note – User must have administrator rights to computer. Plug the USB flash drive into an unused USB port on the computer. Run the program entitled “/Software/CP210x_VCP_Win_XP_S2K3_Vista_7.exe” from the USB flash drive and follow the on-screen instructions. After driver installation, plug the programmer board into a USB port on the computer. PROGRAM INSTALLATION Copy the file “/Software/AZT70_71Programmer.exe” from the USB flash drive into the desired directory on the computer hard disk. AZT70/71 MODE SELECTION Jumper JPR1 on the programming board selects the AZT70 or AZT71 mode. It is located next to the 6-pin ribbon cable connector (Figure 7). The programmer board enters the AZT71 mode without the jumper. The programmer board enters the AZT70 mode when the jumper is installed. Figure 7 – Programmer board jumper location www.azmicrotek.com +1-480-962-5881 Request a Sample 6 July 2012, Rev 1.3 Arizona Microtek, Inc. AZPB70 Programmer Board for AZT70/71 PROGRAM OPERATION Make sure the USB cable is connected to the PC and the programmer board. Start the program by double clicking on the “AZT70_71Programmer.exe” icon. The computer then shows the following window. Figure 8 – Program window The programmer window contains four sections: IC/Status, Read Operations, Cap Control and Write Operations. IC/STATUS The ‘IC’ field shows the chip type selected by jumper on the programming board, either the AZT70 or AZT71. The ‘STATUS’ field gives the results of the most recent programmer operation. READ OPERATIONS Pressing the ‘Read Capacitance’ button starts a read sequence of each EEPROM bit. The ‘Cap. Setting’ field shows the equivalent capacitance based on the bit states. The ‘CTotal’ field adds the fixed capacitance to give the total capacitance seen at the X1 pin. www.azmicrotek.com +1-480-962-5881 Request a Sample 7 July 2012, Rev 1.3 Arizona Microtek, Inc. AZPB70 Programmer Board for AZT70/71 CAP CONTROL (CLK) The logic level of the CLK input controls the source of the capacitance set commands. If the CLK pin is high, the capacitance value follows the register contents selected through the ‘Set Capacitance’ button. If the CLK pin is low, the capacitance value follows the non-volatile EEPROM contents set through the ‘Program EEPROM’ button. The ‘Cap Control (CLK)’ field shows the state of the CLK input, either ‘Register’ or ‘EEPROM.’ WRITE OPERATIONS Pressing the ‘Set Capacitance’ button places the contents of the ‘Chi’, ’Cmid’, and ’Clo’ binary bit fields into the internal AZT70/71 registers. The ‘Chi’ bit field has no effect for the AZT70 since only the AZT71 contains the Chi selectable capacitor. Pressing the ‘Program EEPROM’ button erases the part, and then programs the EEPROM with the contents of Chi (AZT71 only), Cmid, and Clo. www.azmicrotek.com +1-480-962-5881 Request a Sample 8 July 2012, Rev 1.3 Arizona Microtek, Inc. AZPB70 Programmer Board for AZT70/71 PROGRAMMING THE AZT70/71 Programming the AZT70/71 is a simple procedure using the included software and programmer board. The following sections describe the internal functions of the software and programmer board in detail. CONTROL WORD The capacitance in the AZT70/71 is controlled by an 11-bit shift register with the data input bit definitions shown in Table 3 and Table 4. The control word data is inputted serially on the rising edge of the CLK signal with bit0 first and bit10 last. Table 3 - AZT70 Control Word Definition bit10 bit9 Not Used Not Used bit8 MSB 11-bit Control Word bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 Cmid Clo --- LSB MSB --- --- bit2 bit1 --- LSB bit0 Not Used Table 4 - AZT71 Control Word Definition bit10 bit9 bit8 Chi MSB bit7 11-bit Control Word bit6 bit5 bit4 Cmid LSB MSB --- bit3 bit2 bit1 --- LSB Clo LSB MSB --- --- bit0 Not Used The control word mapping is binary weighted for each of Chi, Cmid and Clo where higher number bits are more significant. Figure 9 shows the capacitance value mapping for the AZT70. The detailed Nominal Capacitance Binary Mapping for both the AZT70 and AZT71 can be located on the AZM website. www.azmicrotek.com +1-480-962-5881 Request a Sample 9 July 2012, Rev 1.3 Arizona Microtek, Inc. AZPB70 Programmer Board for AZT70/71 Figure 9 - AZT70 Capacitance Value Mapping AZT70/71 FUNCTIONAL MODES The AZT70/71 is designed to be used in 2 functional modes, Programming and Operational. In the Programming mode, the AZT70/71 is used by the manufacturer to set the capacitance value to control the desired center frequency of the oscillator. The programming mode uses either the shift registers or EEPROM (detailed later) and gives the manufacturer access to pins DA, CLK, and PV which allow the AZT70/71 to be programmed with the (AZPB70) along with the included software (Figure 10). In the Operational mode, the EEPROM internal to the AZT70/71 has already been programmed with the desired factory settings. Pins DA, CLK, and PV are to be disconnected, thereby allowing the AZT70/71’s internal pull-downs to place the pins at ground potential. In the operational mode, only 3 pins are necessary for hookup (Figure 11). www.azmicrotek.com +1-480-962-5881 Request a Sample 10 July 2012, Rev 1.3 Arizona Microtek, Inc. AZPB70 Programmer Board for AZT70/71 VDD DA DA AZT70/71 Programming CLK Board (AZPB70) X1 CLK PV PV VSS OUT RESONATOR OSCILLATOR Figure 10 – AZT70/71 in Programming Mode VDD NC DA AZT70/71 X1 NC CLK NC PV VSS OUT RESONATOR OSCILLATOR Figure 11 – AZT70/71 in Operational Mode PROGRAMMING MODES The AZT70/71 has two capacitance setting modes from which bits are set and the matching capacitors are selected. Note that all the following described operations can be simply controlled through the included software and programmer board detailed previously. • Reading directly from the shift register o This is useful for testing the capacitance and subsequent oscillator frequency. This mode is active after the last bit is shifted in and when the CLK pin is left logic high. For the shift register, capacitors are selected when bits are active HIGH. • Reading from the value contained in the EEPROM o Prevents customer adjustment and retains factory programming and is active when the CLK pin is at logic low or not connected. For the EEPROM, capacitors are selected when bits are active LOW. www.azmicrotek.com +1-480-962-5881 Request a Sample 11 July 2012, Rev 1.3 Arizona Microtek, Inc. AZPB70 Programmer Board for AZT70/71 PROGRAMMING FROM THE SHIFT REGISTER To initially determine the capacitance value for the desired center frequency of the oscillator one should set the capacitance of the AZT70/71 directly from the active shift register bits. To accomplish this, the CLK pin is left high after the last control word bit has been shifted in. Figure 12 shows the control word 11001100100 has been serially entered into the register. Note that bit0 is the 1st bit to enter and bit10 is the last. In the AZT70, bit0, bit9 & bit10 do not affect the capacitance value but still must be included in the serial bit stream. For the shift register, capacitors are selected when bits are active HIGH. bit 0 DA bit 1 bit 2 bit 3 bit 4 bit 5 bit 6 bit 7 bit 8 bit 9 bit 10 Register data active when CLK is high bit 0 loaded 1st CLK t Figure 12 - Shift register programming WRITING DATA TO THE EEPROM Once the desired capacitance value has been determined, the digital control word can be written or re-written into the EEPROM. By storing the control word in the EEPROM, the customer is prevented from making adjustments from the factory set programming data. This is accomplished within the AZT70/71 with internal pull-downs on the DA, PV, and CLK pins. The detailed sequence for writing data to the EEPROM within the AZT70/71 is described in Table 5. Note that with EEPROM, capacitors are selected when bits are active LOW. Table 5 – Data writing sequence for EEPROM Step 1 Action Determine the desired capacitor control word with the operational power supply voltage and desired oscillator conditions 2 Set the VDD supply voltage to +5.0V 3 If EEPROM is not already erased, erase EEPROM (see ERASING THE EEPROM) 4 Read the current state of the EEPROM bits (see READING BACK FROM THE EEPROM) 5 Compare the desired control word to the stored EEPROM control word. Count the number of differences so as to prevent double/redundant writing 6 One bit at a time, load the first desired control word bit (bit selection for EEPROM is active LOW) 7 Set the PV pin to +6V (≥5.6V, ≤6.1V) with the pulse and idle shown in timing diagram (Figure 15) 8 Progress through all necessary control word bits by repeating steps 5 & 6 until all bits are set to the desired control word. www.azmicrotek.com +1-480-962-5881 Request a Sample 12 July 2012, Rev 1.3 Arizona Microtek, Inc. 9 AZPB70 Programmer Board for AZT70/71 Verify the correct EEPROM contents by reading back the individual bits For an example of writing bits into the EEPROM, suppose the desired capacitance is 3.43pF (AZT70). The control word becomes ‘00000010100’ (Figure 13). Also suppose the EEPROM bits have been erased and therefore logic high (The AZT70/71 is initially shipped in this condition). Since bit0 is the first bit to be loaded, the bit sequence becomes 0-0-1-01-0-0-0-0-0-0. However, as described before, selecting bits for the EEPROM are active LOW, which will invert the logical values in the sequence to 1-1-0-1-0-1-1-1-1-1-1 (Figure 14). Note the differences between the EEPROM bits and the converted control word. Since there are 2 differences, two write cycles are required as only 1 bit should be written at a time. Figure 15 shows the timing for bit2 while Figure 16 shows the timing for bit4. Note that all the just described operations are internally performed through the included software and programmer board detailed previously. bit 0 bit 1 bit 2 bit 3 bit 4 bit 5 bit 6 bit 7 bit 8 bit 9 bit 10 Figure 13 – Desired control word bit 0 bit 1 bit 0 bit 1 bit 2 bit 3 bit 4 bit 5 bit 6 bit 7 bit 8 bit 9 bit 10 bit 5 bit 6 bit 7 bit 8 bit 9 bit 10 DA difference bit 2 difference bit 3 bit 4 EEPROM Figure 14 – Converted control word and differences from known EEPROM states bit 0 DA bit 1 bit 2 bit 3 bit 4 bit 5 bit 6 bit 0 loaded 1st bit 7 bit 8 bit 9 bit 10 bit 10 loaded last CLK 10ms min ≥5.6V, ≤6.1V 4µs min PV t Figure 15 – First programming cycle to program bit2 into the EEPROM www.azmicrotek.com +1-480-962-5881 Request a Sample 13 July 2012, Rev 1.3 Arizona Microtek, Inc. bit 0 DA AZPB70 bit 1 bit 2 bit 3 bit 4 bit 5 bit 6 Programmer Board for AZT70/71 bit 7 bit 8 bit 9 bit 0 loaded 1st bit 10 bit 10 loaded last CLK 10ms min ≥5.6V, ≤6.1V 4µs min PV t Figure 16 – Second programming cycle to program bit4 into the EEPROM READING BACK FROM THE EEPROM During programming, the PV pin is used to program the necessary control bits into the EEPROM. However, it is also used to read the bits currently programmed into the EEPROM. When the PV pin is not used during programming, the AZT70/71 provides a weak pull-up and pull-down on the pin. This allows the EEPROM data to be shifted out to the PV pin and read after the CLK sequence is complete and when the DA & CLK pins are high (Figure 17). Each EEPROM bit is selected by setting the DA signal low (EEPROM selection is active low) during the CLK sequence. With an external 68kΩ resistor pull-up to VDD on the PV pin, a low EEPROM bit produces ≤ 0.4V level while a high EEPROM bit produces a ≥ 0.6*VDD level. Note that all the just described operations are internally performed through the included software and programmer board detailed previously. bit 0 DA bit 1 bit0 loaded 1st bit 2 bit 3 bit 4 bit 5 bit 6 bit 7 bit 8 bit 9 bit5 selected bit 10 bit10 loaded last CLK ≥ 0.6*VDD PV With an external 68kΩ resistor pull-up to VDD indeterminate ≤ 0.4V Resulting voltage if bit5 was high in EEPROM Resulting voltage if bit5 was low in EEPROM t Figure 17 – Timing diagram to read bits from EEPROM www.azmicrotek.com +1-480-962-5881 Request a Sample 14 July 2012, Rev 1.3 Arizona Microtek, Inc. AZPB70 Programmer Board for AZT70/71 ERASING THE EEPROM The EEPROM can be erased by initiating a programming cycle with all DA bits set high, including bit9 and bit10. After the programming cycle, all the EEPROM bits are set low (logical high) except for the check bit (bit0), which remains high. Note that all the just described operations are internally performed through the included software and programmer board detailed previously. Table 6 – Erase sequence for EEPROM Step Action 1 Set the VDD supply voltage to +5.0V 2 Load the programming word bits all high. 3 Set the PV pin to +6V (≥5.6V, ≤6.1V) with the pulse and idle shown in timing diagram (Figure 18) 4 Verify the correct EEPROM contents by reading back the individual bits bit 0 DA bit 1 bit 2 bit 3 bit 4 bit 5 bit 6 bit 7 bit 8 bit 9 bit0 loaded 1st bit 10 bit10 loaded last CLK EEPROM has been erased (no capacitors selected) 10ms min ≥5.6V, ≤6.1V 4µs min PV t Figure 18 – Programming Sequence for erasing the EEPROM PROGRAMMING VOLTAGE LIMIT CIRCUIT Some existing programming circuits use a current source connected to a 6.5 – 8.0 V supply. That circuit produces an excessive voltage on the PV pin, which can damage the AZT70/71. A simple modification eliminates the issue and maintains full programming compatibility with existing programming methods. A 5.6 V, ½ watt Zener, 1N5232B or equivalent, placed between the PV pin and ground will limit the voltage while still allowing the programming circuit to generate the current required for programming fuse link type parts. www.azmicrotek.com +1-480-962-5881 Request a Sample 15 July 2012, Rev 1.3 Arizona Microtek, Inc. AZPB70 Programmer Board for AZT70/71 Arizona Microtek, Inc. reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without prior notice. Arizona Microtek, Inc. makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Arizona Microtek, Inc. assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. Arizona Microtek, Inc. does not convey any license rights nor the rights of others. Arizona Microtek, Inc. products are not designed, intended or authorized for use as components in systems intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the Arizona Microtek, Inc. product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use Arizona Microtek, Inc. products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold Arizona Microtek, Inc. and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that Arizona Microtek, Inc. was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. www.azmicrotek.com +1-480-962-5881 Request a Sample 16 July 2012, Rev 1.3