VISHAY INTERTE C HNO L O G Y , IN C . INTERACTIVE data book Ceramic Chip Antennas vishay Vitramon vse-db0113-1009 Notes: 1.To navigate: a) Click on the Vishay logo on any datasheet to go to the Contents page for that section. Click on the Vishay logo on any Contents page to go to the main Table of Contents page. b) Click on the products within the Table of Contents to go directly to the datasheet. c) Use the scroll or page up/page down functions. d) Use the Adobe ® Acrobat ® page function in the browser bar. 2.To search the text of the catalog use the Adobe ® Acrobat ® search function. One of the World’s Largest Manufacturers of Discrete Semiconductors and Passive Components V I S H AY I N T E R T E C H N O L O G Y, I N C . DATA B O O K CERAMIC CHIP ANTENNAS VISHAY VITRAMON w w w. v i s h a y. c o m SEMICONDUCTORS RECTIFIERS FETs Schottky (single, dual) Standard, Fast and Ultra-Fast Recovery (single, dual) Bridge Superectifier® Sinterglass Avalanche Diodes HIGH-POWER DIODES AND THYRISTORS High-Power Fast-Recovery Diodes Phase-Control Thyristors Fast Thyristors PRODUCT LISTINGS SMALL-SIGNAL DIODES Schottky and Switching (single, dual) Tuner/Capacitance (single, dual) Bandswitching PIN Low-Voltage TrenchFET® Power MOSFETs High-Voltage TrenchFET® Power MOSFETs High-Voltage Planar MOSFETs JFETs OPTOELECTRONICS IR Emitters and Detectors, and IR Receiver Modules Optocouplers and Solid-State Relays Optical Sensors LEDs and 7-Segment Displays Infrared Data Transceiver Modules Custom Products ICs Power ICs Analog Switches ZENER AND SUPPRESSOR DIODES MODULES Zener (single, dual) TVS (TRANSZORB®, Automotive, ESD, Arrays) Power Modules (contain power diodes, thyristors, MOSFETs, IGBTs) PASSIVE COMPONENTS RESISTIVE PRODUCTS MAGNETICS Film Resistors Metal Film Resistors Thin Film Resistors Thick Film Resistors Metal Oxide Film Resistors Carbon Film Resistors Wirewound Resistors Power Metal Strip® Resistors Chip Fuses Variable Resistors Cermet Variable Resistors Wirewound Variable Resistors Conductive Plastic Variable Resistors Networks/Arrays Non-Linear Resistors NTC Thermistors PTC Thermistors Varistors Inductors Transformers CAPACITORS Tantalum Capacitors Molded Chip Tantalum Capacitors Coated Chip Tantalum Capacitors Solid Through-Hole Tantalum Capacitors Wet Tantalum Capacitors Ceramic Capacitors Multilayer Chip Capacitors Disc Capacitors Film Capacitors Power Capacitors Heavy-Current Capacitors Aluminum Capacitors Vishay Vitramon Ceramic Chip Antennas Vishay Electronic GmbH Geheimrat-Rosenthal-Strasse 100 D-95100 Selb Germany Phone: +49 9287 710 Fax: +49 9287 70435 www.vishay.com DISCLAIMER All product specifications and data are subject to change without notice. Vishay Intertechnology, Inc., its affiliates, agents, and employees, and all persons acting on its or their behalf (collectively, “Vishay”), disclaim any and all liability for any errors, inaccuracies or incompleteness contained herein or in any other disclosure relating to any product. Vishay disclaims any and all liability arising out of the use or application of any product described herein or of any information provided herein to the maximum extent permitted by law. The product specifications do not expand or otherwise modify Vishay’s terms and conditions of purchase, including but not limited to the warranty expressed therein, which apply to these products. No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document or by any conduct of Vishay. The products shown herein are not designed for use in medical, life-saving, or life-sustaining applications unless otherwise expressly indicated. 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Table of Contents Vishay Vitramon Ceramic Chip Antennas VJ 6040 VJ 6040 UHF Chip Antenna for Mobile Devices....................................................................................................................... 4 VJ 6040 Layout Design Principles............................................................................................................................................ 9 VJ 6040 GSM Interference Immune Tuning Circuit.................................................................................................................. 13 VJ 3505 VJ 3505 UHF Chip Antenna for Mobile Devices....................................................................................................................... 20 VJ 3505 Layout Design Principles............................................................................................................................................ 25 VJ 3505 GSM Interference Immune Tuning Circuit.................................................................................................................. 29 EVALUATION BOARD EVK 6040 User Guide .............................................................................................................................................................. 37 EVK 3505 User Guide .............................................................................................................................................................. 45 Revision: 05-Jul-10 www.vishay.com 1 Vishay Vitramon www.vishay.com 2 Contents VJ 6040 UHF Chip Antenna for Mobile Devices .............. 4 VJ 6040 Layout Design Principles .............................. 9 VJ 6040 VJ 6040 GSM Interference Immune Tuning Circuit ...... 13 VJ 6040 Vishay Vitramon VJ 6040 UHF Chip Antenna for Mobile Devices FEATURES • Small outline (10.5 mm x 15.5 mm x 1.2 mm) • Omni-directional, linear polarization • Complies with MBRAI standard • Complete UHF band coverage (470 MHz to 860 MHz) up to 1.1 GHz • Requires a tuning circuit and ground plane for optimal performance • Standard SMT assembly • 50 Ω unbalanced interface The company’s products are covered by one or more of the following: WO2008250262 (A1), US2008303720 (A1), US2008305750 (A1), WO2008154173 (A1). Other patents pending. • Operating temperature range (- 40 °C to + 85 °C) DESCRIPTION APPLICATIONS The VJ 6040 multi-layer ceramic chip antenna is a small form-factor, high-performance, chip-antenna designed for TV reception in mobile devices in the UHF band. It allows mobile TV device manufacturers to design high quality products that do not bear the penalty of a large external antenna. Utilizing Vishay's unique materials and manufacturing technologies, this product complies with the MBRAI standard while maintaining a small outline. Focusing on consumer applications, the antenna is designed to be assembled onto a PC board in the standard reflow process. • Mobile UHF TV receivers including DVB-T, DVB-H, ISDB-T, CMMB, ATSC, and MediaFLO devices Target customers of the VJ 6040 are mobile phone makers, portable multimedia device makers, notebook OEMs and ODMs, and accessory card OEMs and ODMs. The VJ 6040 is the first of a family of products developed by Vishay, a world leader in manufacturing of discrete and passive components. • Reference design and evaluation boards available upon request • Compliant to RoHS directive 2002/95/EC ANTENNA PERFORMANCE Peak gain The antenna radiation characteristics are influenced by several factors including ground plane dimensions and impedance matching network. The antenna parameters presented hereafter were measured according to the configuration suggested by the VJ 6040 evaluation board, utilizing its four channel active digital tuning circuit. The evaluation board ground plane is 40 mm by 80 mm large. Figure 1 shows peak gain over frequency throughout the UHF band, compared with the MBRAI requirements. 0 Peak Gain (dBi) -2 Measured -4 Simulated -6 Standard -8 - 10 - 12 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 Frequency (MHz) 800 850 900 Fig. 1 - Peak Gain vs. Frequency www.vishay.com 4 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] Document Number: 45157 Revision: 15-Jun-10 VJ 6040 VJ 6040 UHF Chip Antenna for Mobile Devices Vishay Vitramon Figure 2 displays the measured and simulated radiation efficiency of VJ 6040 over frequency. 40 35 Simulated value Efficiency (%) 30 25 Measured value 20 15 10 5 0 460 510 560 610 660 710 Frequency (MHz) 760 810 860 Fig. 2 - Radiation Efficiency vs. Frequency Applications that do not require full coverage of the UHF band can gain an additional two to three dBi by removing the tuning circuit. In this case the antenna can be fixed to any 150 MHz band within the UHF range. RADIATION PATTERN The 3D planes of VJ 6040 are defined in figure 3. Z X Y Fig. 3 - VJ 6040 3D Plane Definition Document Number: 45157 Revision: 15-Jun-10 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 5 VJ 6040 VJ 6040 UHF Chip Antenna for Mobile Devices Vishay Vitramon Figure 4. displays the simulated 3D radiation pattern at 650 MHz. Fig. 4 - Simulated Radiation Pattern Figure 5. displays the measured radiation patterns of VJ 6040 evaluation board in the YZ plane as defined in figure 3. Zero degrees is defined at the Z axis, stepping counter clockwise. 500 MHz - Gain (dBi) vs. Angle (°) 0 30 18 12 24 60 342 -5 36 336 330 - 15 48 54 60 - 20 - 25 66 18 12 60 354 348 342 336 -5 - 10 42 330 324 318 312 306 300 - 15 48 54 60 288 - 35 24 36 294 - 30 72 30 324 318 312 306 300 - 10 42 600 MHz - Gain (dBi) vs. Angle (°) 0 354 348 - 20 - 25 66 294 - 30 72 288 - 35 78 - 40 282 78 - 40 282 84 - 45 - 50 276 84 - 45 276 270 90 - 50 96 264 96 102 258 102 90 252 108 246 114 120 126 132 138 144 150 156 162 168 174 180 186 192 204 198 258 108 252 114 240 234 228 222 216 210 246 240 234 120 126 228 222 216 132 138 144 150 156 700 MHz - Gain (dBi) vs. Angle (°) 162 168 174 180 186 192 30 36 42 24 0 354 348 342 6 0 -5 336 - 10 - 15 - 20 48 54 60 - 25 66 78 30 330 324 318 312 306 300 24 18 12 204 210 54 - 45 - 50 330 324 318 312 306 - 20 60 282 336 - 15 48 - 40 354 348 342 - 10 42 288 60 -5 36 294 - 30 - 35 72 198 800 MHz - Gain (dBi) vs. Angle (°) 0 18 12 270 264 300 - 25 66 294 - 30 72 288 - 35 78 - 40 282 276 84 - 45 276 270 90 - 50G 96 264 96 102 258 102 84 90 108 252 114 246 240 120 126 132 138 144 150 156 162 168 174 180 198 186 192 204 234 228 222 216 210 270 264 258 108 252 114 246 120 240 234 228 222 216 126 132 138 144 150 156 162 168 174 180 186 192 198 204 210 Fig. 5 - Measured Radiation Pattern www.vishay.com 6 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] Document Number: 45157 Revision: 15-Jun-10 VJ 6040 VJ 6040 UHF Chip Antenna for Mobile Devices Vishay Vitramon FOOTPRINT AND MECHANICAL DIMENSIONS The antenna footprint and mechanical dimensions are presented in figure 6. For mechanical support, it is recommended to add one or two drops of heat curing epoxy glue. The glue dot should not overlap with any of the soldering pads. It is recommended to apply the glue dot at the center of the antenna, as shown by the diagonal pattern. For more details see “VJ 6040 Assembly Guidelines” section below. 0.5 0.35 3.6 1.0 0.35 0.5 3.6 4.6 1.0 ` 0.35 0.35 1.0 4.65 0.5 Glue dot area 4.65 1.0 0.35 0.35 1.0 All dimensions in mm Figure not in scale RF feed connects here Fig. 6 - VJ 6040 Footprint VJ 6040 ASSEMBLY GUIDELINES 1. Mounting of antennas on a printed circuit board should be done by reflow soldering. The reflow soldering profiles are shown below. 2. In order to provide the adequate strength between the antenna and the PCB the application of a dot of heat cured epoxy glue in the center of the footprint of the antenna prior to the antenna’s soldering to the board should be done. An example for such glue could be Heraeus PD 860002 SA. The weight of the dot should be 5 mg to 10 mg. 300 T (°C) Max. temperature 250 > 215 °C: 20 s to 40 s 200 150 Min. temperature 100 Sn-Pb eutectic solder paste 50 0 30 s to 60 s 30 s to 60 s 30 s to 60 s Time Fig. 7 - Soldering IR Reflow with SnPb Solder Document Number: 45157 Revision: 15-Jun-10 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 7 VJ 6040 VJ 6040 UHF Chip Antenna for Mobile Devices Vishay Vitramon 300 T (°C) 250 10 s 260 °C ˜ 245 °C 10 s 215 °C 200 40 s 180 °C 150 130 °C 100 2 K/s 50 0 50 100 150 200 t (s) 250 Fig. 8 - Soldering Reflow with Sn Solder 300 T (°C) 250 200 Max. temperature Sn-Ag-Cu solder paste 150 Min. temperature 100 50 0 60 s to 120 s 60 s to 120 s 30 s to 60 s 60 s to 120 s Time Fig. 9 - Soldering IR Reflow with SnAgCu Solder ORDERING INFORMATION VISHAY MATERIAL PACKAGING QUANTITY VJ 6040 VJ6040M011SXISRA0 1000 pieces www.vishay.com 8 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] Document Number: 45157 Revision: 15-Jun-10 VISHAY VITRAMON Ceramic Chip Antenna Application Note VJ 6040 Layout Design Principles LAYOUT DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR VJ 6040 UHF ANTENNA ANTENNA ENVIRONMENT VJ 6040 is a multi-layer ceramic chip antenna designed for receiving mobile digital TV transmissions in the UHF band. VJ 6040, like any other antenna, will be affected by any nearby conducting element. The most challenging target application for the VJ 6040 antenna is the cellular phone. For this reason the following document offers design principles that will allow best performance of the VJ 6040 antenna, while maintaining a form factor suitable for most cellular phone designs. This effect can be helpful, as in the case of the ground plane. However, it can also be harmful. To help in the design-in process, Vishay offers an antenna evaluation kit designed according to the principles described hereafter. The evaluation kit allows designers to test the antenna performance. The evaluation kit measures 40 mm by 90 mm and includes the following: • VJ 6040 antenna mounted against a 40 mm by 80 mm ground plane • Active digital tuning circuit controlled by two input lines allowing full coverage of the UHF band 470 to 860 (MHz) • 50 W SMA termination Applications that allow larger ground planes can enjoy improved antenna efficiency. For any technical support please contact: [email protected] General When the application is being designed, it is crucial to maximize the benefits offered by correct implementation of the ground plane and minimize the potentially harmful effects of other conduction components. All cellular applications include at least a single antenna designed for the cellular network itself. Because VJ 6040 is similar to most of these antennas, the same design considerations can be applied to both antennas. For this reason we recommend positioning VJ 6040 close to the cellular antenna. By doing so we can achieve the following goals: • Both antennas will benefit from the same ground plane • No additional real estate will be required. Both antennas will use the same ground clearance • Both antennas will enjoy favorable positioning away from the user’s hand and other potentially harmful elements such as battery, connectors, buttons etc. • The cellular antenna can be easily customized to perform well in the presence of VJ 6040 • VJ 6040 will not be significantly affected by the presence of the cellular antenna, provided a minimal gap between it and the neighboring antenna will be kept Ground Plane Configuration Figure 1 describes two recommended reference ground plane configurations. Document Number: 45129 Revision: 18-Jun-10 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 9 APPLICATION NOTE VJ 6040 evaluation kit demonstrates exceptional antenna performance achieved with a 40 mm by 80 mm ground plane. Applications that allow an increase in the overall dimensions of the ground plane will enjoy improved efficiency. Application Note Vishay Vitramon VJ 6040 Layout Design Principles 40 mm 40 mm 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm 10.5 mm 6 10.5 mm V IS HAY VJ 6040 VISHAY VJ 6040 mm 50 W 10.5 mm 3 mm 3 mm 50 W 15.5 mm 15.5 mm 15.5 mm VISHAY VJ 6040 3 mm RF Feed RF Feed 50 O hm 80 mm 80 mm Minimal ground plane for EMBRI compliance Enhanced performance configuration RF Feed Legend: Ground plane on top, bottom and inner layers Legend: Ground plane on top, bottom and/or inner layers. Copper free area on all layers Copper free area on all layers. Discrete component are allowed APPLICATION NOTE VISHAY VJ 6040 VJ 6040 Multi-layer chip antenna Copper and component free area on all layers Fig. 1 - Recommended Ground Plane Configurations Fig. 2 - Component Free Area Description The design on the left describes the minimal area required to allow VJ 6040 to comply with the EMBRI standard. This configuration is used by the VJ 6040 evaluation kit. The design on the right describes how to increase the antenna efficiency by approximately 2 dB by enlarging the antenna clearance. Note that antenna tuning will shift up in frequency as antenna clearance increases. This shift should be corrected by modifying the tuning circuit values. The areas marked in green are less sensitive to the presence of conducting bodies than the areas marked by the diagonal pattern. In cases where the ground clearance must be utilized, it is recommended positioning small discrete components in these areas. The discrete components should be connected using the thinnest wires possible. Large conducting components such as batteries, connectors or buttons should be avoided. Applications that can support ground planes larger than 80 mm will also benefit from improved antenna parameters. The areas closest to the antenna, marked by the diagonal pattern, are sensitive to the presence of any conducting body. Violating this clearance might result in antenna detuning or loss of radiation efficiency. For best antenna performance, it is recommended to keep the copper free area, marked in green, free of any conducting elements such as SMT components, connectors, batteries, wires etc. Applications that cannot comply with this recommendation, due to insufficient space, should follow the guidelines presented in figure 2. In cases where the antenna clearance is shared by both VJ 6040 and an additional antenna, it is recommended to maintain maximum distance between the antennas. Most cellular antennas are mounted on a plastic carrier and are not soldered directly to the main PCB. In these cases, the plastic carrier can be designed to meet the recommended clearance as described above. Technical support for antenna integration is provided by Vishay Vitramon division. www.vishay.com 10 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] Document Number: 45129 Revision: 18-Jun-10 Application Note Vishay Vitramon VJ 6040 Layout Design Principles Z AXIS DESIGN PRINCIPLES The following section deals with the recommended clearance required by VJ 6040 in the Z axis. As in the case of the PCB clearance, the area closest to the antenna is sensitive to the presence of any conducting materials. The following figure provides recommendations for the clearance required in elevation: 10 mm 15.5 mm Plastic housing materials, or any other non-conducting materials, will have negligible effect on the antenna provided that they do not physically touch it. A distance greater than 1 mm should be maintained between the plastic housing and the antenna. 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm Legend: FR4 PCB Copper and component free area on all layers Fig. 3 - Side View of Antenna Assembled on PCB Features are subject to revisions or changes without notification The company’s products are covered by one or more of the following: WO2008250262 (A1), US2008303720 (A1), US2008305750 (A1), WO2008154173 (A1). Other patents pending. ORDERING INFORMATION VISHAY MATERIAL PACKAGING QUANTITY VJ 6040 VJ6040M011SXISRA0 1000 pieces For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 11 APPLICATION NOTE Document Number: 45129 Revision: 18-Jun-10 Vishay Vitramon www.vishay.com 12 VISHAY VITRAMON Ceramic Chip Antenna Application Note VJ 6040 GSM Interference Immune Tuning Circuit VJ 6040 GSM INTERFERENCE IMMUNE TUNING CIRCUIT GSM Antenna VJ 6040 VJ 6040 is a narrow band antenna that requires an active digital tuning circuit to allow it to cover the UHF band which spans between 470 MHz and 860 MHz. The tuning circuit typology is designed to withstand external interference such as GSM transmission. Tuning Circuit GSM Connector Port 1 Vishay offers an evaluation kit fitted with the GSM immune tuning circuit and the VJ 6040 miniature UHF antenna to allow designers to measure the antenna parameters. UHF Connector For any technical support please contact: [email protected] Port 2 Nevertheless, in cases where the GSM transmitter is in close proximity to VJ 6040, the tuning circuit typology should be modified to eliminate the risk of antenna detuning. The following document describes in detail the GSM interference immune tuning circuit. CHOOSING THE CORRECT TUNING CIRCUIT Vishay Vitramon division provides two tuning circuit reference designs: Network Analyzer S12 • Standard tuning circuit - described in detail in a separate application note titled “EVK 6040 User Guide” Fig. 1 - Test Setup • GSM immune tuning circuit - described hereafter The standard typology enables excellent antenna performance while maintaining minimal cost. However, the standard tuning circuit can withstand GSM interference up to 0 dBm, measured at the VJ 6040 antenna feed. The power received by VJ 6040 can be estimated using the test setup described in figure 1. Once the coupling factor is measured, the received power at the VJ 6040 feed can be estimated as follows: Received Power = Transmitted Power + Coupling Factor Example: If the GSM peak power output is + 33 dBm and the coupling factor was found to be - 15 dB then the maximum received power would be + 18 dBm. The GSM immune tuning circuit should be used in cases where the peak received power is greater than 0 dBm. Document Number: 45155 Revision: 07-Jul-10 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 13 APPLICATION NOTE A test PCB should be designed to accommodate both VJ 6040 and the GSM antennas. The two antennas should be positioned as far from each other as allowed by the mechanical constraints of the application. Using a network analyzer, the coupling between the antennas can be directly measured for each of the four channels offered by the tuning circuit. The same test setup can later be used to fine tune the tuning element components to negate any detuning caused by the GSM antenna, or other nearby components. Application Note Vishay Vitramon VJ 6040 GSM Interference Immune Tuning Circuit GSM IMMUNE TUNING CIRCUIT TYPOLOGY Figure 2 presents the schematic drawing of the recommended tuning circuit. Schematics VJ 6040 L1 R1 L4 D1 Digital input 1 L2 C3 R2 L5 L3 D2 Digital input 2 C4 R3 C1 L6 C2 50 Ω RF feed APPLICATION NOTE Fig. 2 - Tuning Circuit Schematics www.vishay.com 14 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] Document Number: 45155 Revision: 07-Jul-10 Application Note Vishay Vitramon VJ 6040 GSM Interference Immune Tuning Circuit LAYOUT Figure 3 shows the recommended layout of the tuning circuit. Layout should be as compact as possible. VISHAY VJ 6040 L1 Digital input 1 R1 L4 L2 D1 D2 L5 R2 Digital input 2 L3 C3 C4 R3 L6 C1 L4 C2 50 W line Ground plane copper area on top, bottom and/or inner layers Conducting strip lines 0402 component Via hole to ground plane Fig. 3 - Tuning Circuit Layout Document Number: 45155 Revision: 07-Jul-10 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 15 APPLICATION NOTE Legend Application Note Vishay Vitramon VJ 6040 GSM Interference Immune Tuning Circuit LAYOUT GUIDELINES 1. The distance between the tuning circuit components should be minimized 2. Inductor L1 should be located as close as possible to the antenna 3. Inductors L4 and L5 should be as close as possible to the PIN diodes 4. It is recommended to remove all ground planes from under the tuning circuit. The ground plane should be added to insure a 50 Ω wave guide after capacitor C1 REFERENCE TUNING CIRCUIT BOM TABLE 1 - TUNING CIRCUIT BILL OF MATERIALS VALUE REFERENCE QUANTITY PER CIRCUIT PART NUMBER MANUFACTURER 120 nH L4, L5, L6 3 HK 1005 R12J-T Taiyo Yuden D1, D2 2 BAR63-05W Infineon 39 nH L1 1 IMC0402ER39NJ Vishay 22 nH L2 1 IMC0402ER22NJ Vishay 27 nH L3 1 IMC0402ER27NJ Vishay 3.9 pF C1 1 VJ0402A3R9BXACW1BC Vishay 220 pF C2, C3, C4 3 VJ0402A221JXACW1BC Vishay 330 Ω R1, R2, R3 3 CRCW0402330RFKED Vishay PIN diode Note • Any changes made in the reference BOM might result in loss of radiation efficiency. CONTROL SIGNAL INTEGRITY The following table describes the desired control signal properties: TABLE 2 - SIGNAL INTEGRITY FOR ELECTRICAL CONTROL ALTERNATIVE Parameter SYMBOL MIN. TYP. MAX. UNITS COMMENTS Equivalent DC circuit VCC Logical LOW Vil - 0.3 0 0.2 V APPLICATION NOTE Equivalent DC circuit VCC Logical HIGH Source current Sink current www.vishay.com 16 Vih 2 3 5 V Isource 0 0.01 0.05 mA Vin = 5 V Diode reverse leakage current Isink 4 4.2 5 mA Vin = - 0.3 V For technical questions, contact: [email protected] Document Number: 45155 Revision: 07-Jul-10 Application Note Vishay Vitramon VJ 6040 GSM Interference Immune Tuning Circuit CHANNEL CHARACTERISTICS The two digital control lines offer four frequency channels as described in table 3 below. This table shows the typical peak gain obtained in each of the four channels. TABLE 3 - PEAK GAIN OBTAINED IN EACH OF THE FOUR CHANNELS PARAMETER D1 D2 BAND (MHz) S11 (dB) 460 5 560 660 760 860 760 860 760 860 760 860 0 -5 1 H H 470 to 540 - 10 - 15 - 20 - 25 460 5 f (MHz) 560 660 0 -5 2 L H 540 to 620 - 10 - 15 - 20 - 25 460 5 f (MHz) 560 660 0 -5 3 H L 620 to 750 - 10 - 15 - 20 - 25 460 5 f (MHz) 560 660 0 -5 4 L L 750 to 860 (1) - 10 - 15 - 25 f (MHz) Note (1) Applications withstanding strong GSM interference will incorporate a band pass filter designed to filter out the interfering signal. Such a filter will add significant attenuation above 750 MHz. The company’s products are covered by one or more of the following: WO2008250262 (A1), US2008303720 (A1), US2008305750 (A1), WO2008154173 (A1). Other patents pending. ORDERING INFORMATION VISHAY MATERIAL PACKAGING QUANTITY VJ 6040 VJ6040M011SXISRA0 1000 pieces Document Number: 45155 Revision: 07-Jul-10 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 17 APPLICATION NOTE - 20 Vishay Vitramon www.vishay.com 18 Contents VJ 3505 UHF Chip Antenna for Mobile Devices .............. 20 VJ 3505 Layout Design Principles .............................. 25 VJ 3505 VJ 3505 GSM Interference Immune Tuning Circuit ...... 29 VJ 3505 Vishay Vitramon VJ 3505 UHF Chip Antenna for Mobile Devices FEATURES • • • • • The company’s products are covered by one or more of the following: WO2008250262 (A1), US2008303720 (A1), US2008305750 (A1), WO2008154173 (A1). Other patents pending. • • • Small outline (35 mm x 5 mm x 1.2 mm) Omni-directional, linear polarization Complies with MBRAI standard Complete UHF band coverage (470 MHz to 860 MHz) up to 1.1 GHz Requires a tuning circuit and ground plane for optimal performance Standard SMT assembly 50 Ω unbalanced interface Operating temperature range (- 40 °C to + 85 °C) • Reference design and evaluation boards available upon request • Compliant to RoHS directive 2002/95/EC APPLICATIONS DESCRIPTION The VJ 3505 multi-layer ceramic chip antenna is a small form-factor, high-performance, chip-antenna designed for TV reception in mobile devices in the UHF band. It allows mobile TV device manufacturers to design high quality products that do not bear the penalty of a large external antenna. Utilizing Vishay's unique materials and manufacturing technologies, this product complies with the MBRAI standard while maintaining a small outline. Focusing on consumer applications, the antenna is designed to be assembled onto a PC board in the standard reflow process. Target customers of the VJ 3505 are mobile phone makers, portable multimedia device makers, notebook OEMs and ODMs, and accessory card OEMs and ODMs. 2 ANTENNA PERFORMANCE Peak gain and efficiency The antenna radiation characteristics are influenced by several factors including ground plane dimensions and impedance matching network. The antenna parameters presented hereafter were simulated according to the ground plane configuration suggested by the VJ 3505 evaluation board. Figure 1. shows simulated peak gain and radiation efficiency over frequency throughout the UHF band, compared with the MBRAI requirements. VJ 3505 Simulated Antenna Parameters 0 Radiation Efficiency (dB) • Mobile UHF TV receivers including DVB-T, DVB-H, ISDB-T, CMMB, ATSC, and MediaFLO devices Peak Gain -2 Radiation Efficiency -4 -6 MBRAI -8 - 10 - 12 470 520 570 620 670 720 Frequency (MHz) 770 820 870 Fig. 1 - Peak Gain and Efficiency vs. Frequency www.vishay.com 20 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] Document Number: 45158 Revision: 26-Aug-10 VJ 3505 VJ 3505 UHF Chip Antenna for Mobile Devices Vishay Vitramon RADIATION PATTERN The 3D planes of VJ 3505 are defined in figure 2. Z Y X Fig. 2 - VJ 3505 3D Plane Definition Figure 3. displays the simulated 3D radiation pattern at 550 MHz. The general pattern shape does not change with frequency. Fig. 3 - Simulated Radiation Pattern at 550 MHz Document Number: 45158 Revision: 26-Aug-10 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 21 VJ 3505 VJ 3505 UHF Chip Antenna for Mobile Devices Vishay Vitramon Fig. 4 displays the measured radiation patterns of VJ 3505 evaluation board in the YZ plane as defined in Fig. 2. Zero degrees is defined at the Z axis, stepping clockwise. 500 MHz - Gain (dBi) vs. Angle (°) 0 330 30 - 10 - 20 300 600 MHz - Gain (dBi) vs. Angle (°) 0 330 30 - 10 60 - 20 300 - 40 - 40 - 50 270 60 - 30 - 30 120 150 210 90 240 120 240 - 50 270 90 150 210 180 180 700 MHz - Gain (dBi) vs. Angle (°) 0 330 30 - 10 862 MHz - Gain (dBi) vs. Angle (°) 0 330 30 - 10 - 20 300 60 - 20 300 - 30 - 40 - 40 - 50 270 60 - 30 120 240 - 50 270 90 120 240 150 210 90 150 210 180 180 Fig. 4 - Measured Radiation Pattern FOOTPRINT AND MECHANICAL DIMENSIONS The antenna footprint and mechanical dimensions are presented in figure 5. For mechanical support, it is recommended to add one or two drops of heat curing epoxy glue. The glue dot should not overlap with any of the soldering pads. It is recommended to apply the glue dot at the center of the antenna, as shown by the diagonal pattern. For more details see “VJ 3505 assembly guidelines” section below. 0.25 0.25 4.5 1 1 1 9 9 9 1 0.25 5 Apply glue in this area 0.25 1 35 RF feed connects here All dimensions in mm Figure not in scale Fig. 5 - VJ 3505 Footprint www.vishay.com 22 DIMENSIONS (mm) Length 35 + 0.5/-0 Width 5 + 0.5/-0 Height 1.2 ± 0.1 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] Document Number: 45158 Revision: 26-Aug-10 VJ 3505 VJ 3505 UHF Chip Antenna for Mobile Devices Vishay Vitramon VJ 3505 ASSEMBLY GUIDELINES 1. Mounting of antennas on a printed circuit board should be done by reflow soldering. The reflow soldering profiles are shown below. 2. In order to provide the adequate strength between the antenna and the PCB the application of a dot of heat cured epoxy glue in the center of the footprint of the antenna prior to the antenna’s soldering to the board should be done. An example for such glue could be Heraeus PD 860002 SA. The weight of the dot should be 5 mg to 10 mg. 300 T (°C) Max. temperature 250 > 215 °C: 20 s to 40 s 200 150 Min. temperature 100 Sn-Pb eutectic solder paste 50 0 30 s to 60 s 30 s to 60 s 30 s to 60 s Time Fig. 6 - Soldering IR Reflow with SnPb Solder 300 T (°C) 250 10 s 260 °C ˜ 245 °C 215 °C 200 180 °C 150 10 s 40 s 130 °C 100 2 K/s 50 0 50 100 150 200 t (s) 250 Fig. 7 - Soldering Reflow with Sn Solder Document Number: 45158 Revision: 26-Aug-10 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 23 VJ 3505 VJ 3505 UHF Chip Antenna for Mobile Devices Vishay Vitramon 300 T (°C) 250 200 Max. temperature Sn-Ag-Cu solder paste 150 Min. temperature 100 50 0 30 s to 60 s 60 s to 120 s 60 s to 120 s Time 60 s to 120 s Fig. 8 - Soldering IR Reflow with SnAgCu Solder ORDERING INFORMATION VISHAY MATERIAL PACKAGING QUANTITY VJ 3505 VJ3505M011SXMSRA0 1000 pieces www.vishay.com 24 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] Document Number: 45158 Revision: 26-Aug-10 VISHAY VITRAMON Ceramic Chip Antenna Application Note VJ 3505 Layout Design Principles LAYOUT DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR VJ 3505 UHF ANTENNA ANTENNA ENVIRONMENT VJ 3505 is a multilayer ceramic chip antenna designed for receiving mobile digital TV transmissions in the UHF band. VJ 3505, like any other antenna, will be affected by any nearby conducting element. The most challenging target application for the VJ 3505 antenna is the cellular phone. For this reason the following document offers design principles that will allow best performance of the VJ 3505 antenna, while maintaining a form factor suitable for most cellular phone designs. This effect can be helpful, as in the case of the ground plane. However, it can also be harmful. To help in the design-in process, Vishay offers an antenna evaluation kit designed according to the principles described hereafter. The evaluation kit allows designers to test the antenna performance. The evaluation kit measures 40 mm by 100 mm and includes the following: • VJ 3505 antenna mounted against a 40 mm by 85 mm ground plane • Active digital tuning circuit controlled by two input lines allowing full coverage of the UHF band 470 MHz to 860 MHz • 50 W SMA termination Applications that allow larger ground planes can enjoy improved antenna efficiency. We encourage our consumers to take advantage of the technical support offered by Vishay Vitramon division. For any technical support please contact: [email protected] When the application is being designed, it is crucial to maximize the benefits offered by correct implementation of the ground plane and minimize the potentially harmful effects of other conduction components. All cellular applications include at least a single antenna designed for the cellular network itself. Because VJ 3505 is similar to most of these antennas, the same design considerations can be applied to both antennas. For this reason we recommend positioning VJ 3505 close to the cellular antenna. By doing so we can achieve the following goals: • Both antennas will benefit from the same ground plane • No additional real estate will be required. Both antennas will use the same ground clearance • Both antennas will enjoy favorable positioning away from the user’s hand and other potentially harmful elements such as battery, connectors, buttons etc. • The cellular antenna can be easily customized to perform well in the presence of VJ 3505 • VJ 3505 will not be significantly affected by the presence of the cellular antenna, provided a minimal gap between it and the neighboring antenna will be kept For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 25 APPLICATION NOTE Document Number: 45187 Revision: 18-Jun-10 General Application Note Vishay Vitramon VJ 3505 Layout Design Principles GROUND PLANE CONFIGURATION 10 mm 35 mm 10 mm 10 mm VJ 3505 evaluation kit demonstrates exceptional antenna performance achieved with a 40 mm by 80 mm ground plane. Applications that allow an increase in the overall dimensions of the ground plane will enjoy improved efficiency. Figure 1 describes two recommended reference ground plane configurations. 8 mm VJ 3505 7 mm Tuning circuit 40 5 35 VJ 3505 30 mm 50 Ω 10 7 Tuning circuit 50 Ω 30 RF Feed RF feed 85 Legend: Required ground plane on top, bottom and/or inner layers. Populating this area with copper and/or components is optional. Minimal antenna degraedation expected. Minimal ground plane for MBRAI compliance Copper and component free area on all layers Legend: Ground plane on top, bottom and inner layers Copper free area on all layers VJ 3505 VJ 3505 multilayer chip antenna APPLICATION NOTE Fig. 1 - Recommended Ground Plane Configurations all Dimensions in mm The recommended design describes the minimal area required to allow VJ 3505 to comply with the MBRAI standard. This configuration is used by the VJ 3505 evaluation kit. Applications that can support ground planes larger than 80 mm will also benefit from improved antenna parameters. Improved antenna performance can be obtained by increasing the ground clearance. A clearance of 10 mm from the antenna will result in optimal performance. Fig. 2 - Component Free Area Description The area marked by the crisscross pattern is less sensitive to the presence of conducting bodies than the areas marked by the diagonal pattern. In cases where the ground clearance must be utilized, it is recommended to populate this area with small discrete components. The discrete components should be connected using the thinnest wires possible. Large conducting components such as batteries, connectors or buttons should be avoided. The areas closest to the antenna, marked by the diagonal pattern, are sensitive to the presence of any conducting body. Violating this clearance might result in antenna detuning or loss of radiation efficiency. In cases where the antenna clearance is shared by both VJ 3505 and an additional antenna, it is recommended to maintain maximum distance between the antennas. Most cellular antennas are mounted on a plastic carrier and are not soldered directly to the main PCB. In these cases, the plastic carrier can be designed to meet the recommended clearance as described above. Technical support for antenna integration is provided by Vishay Vitramon division. www.vishay.com 26 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] Document Number: 45187 Revision: 18-Jun-10 Application Note Vishay Vitramon VJ 3505 Layout Design Principles Z AXIS DESIGN PRINCIPLES The following section deals with the recommended clearance required by VJ 3505 in the Z axis. As in the case of the PCB clearance, the area closest to the antenna is sensitive to the presence of any conducting materials. The following figure provides recommendations for the clearance required in elevation: 5 mm 10 mm 20 mm 10 mm 20 mm Legend: FR4 PCB Copper and component free area on all layers VJ 3505 multilayer chip antenna The company’s products are covered by one or more of the following: WO2008250262 (A1), US2008303720 (A1), US2008305750 (A1), WO2008154173 (A1). Other patents pending. ORDERING INFORMATION VISHAY MATERIAL PACKAGING QUANTITY VJ 3505 VJ3505M011SXMSRA0 1000 pieces Document Number: 45187 Revision: 18-Jun-10 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 27 APPLICATION NOTE Fig. 3 - Side View of Antenna Assembled on PCB Vishay Vitramon www.vishay.com 28 VISHAY VITRAMON Ceramic Chip Antenna Application Note VJ 3505 GSM Interference Immune Tuning Circuit Vishay offers an evaluation kit fitted with the GSM immune tuning circuit and the VJ 3505 miniature UHF antenna to allow designers to measure the antenna parameters. For any technical support please contact: [email protected] VJ 3505 Tuning Circuit GSM UHF Connector Connector Port 2 VJ 3505 is a narrow band antenna that requires an active digital tuning circuit to allow it to cover the UHF band which spans between 470 MHz and 860 MHz. The tuning circuit typology is designed to withstand external interference such as GSM transmission. Nevertheless, in cases where the GSM transmitter is in close proximity to VJ 3505, the tuning circuit typology should be modified to eliminate the risk of antenna detuning. The following document describes in detail the GSM interference immune tuning circuit. GSM Antenna Port 1 VJ 3505 GSM INTERFERENCE IMMUNE TUNING CIRCUIT CHOOSING THE CORRECT TUNING CIRCUIT Vishay Vitramon division provides two tuning circuit reference designs: • Standard tuning circuit - described in detail in a separate application note titled “EVK 3505 User Guide” Network Analyzer S12 • Active digital tuning circuit controlled by two input lines allowing full coverage of the UHF band 470 to 860 (MHz) • GSM immune tuning circuit - described hereafter The standard typology enables excellent antenna performance while maintaining minimal cost. However, the standard tuning circuit can withstand GSM interference up to 0 dBm, measured at the VJ 3505 antenna feed. The power received by VJ 3505 can be measured using the test setup described in figure 1. Fig. 1 - Test Setup Once the coupling factor is measured, the received power at the VJ 3505 feed can be estimated as follows: Received Power = Transmitted Power + Coupling Factor Example: If the GSM peak power output is + 33 dBm and the coupling factor was found to be - 15 dB then the maximum received power would be + 18 dBm. The GSM immune tuning circuit should be used in cases where the peak received power is greater than 0 dBm. Document Number: 45186 Revision: 08-Jul-10 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 29 APPLICATION NOTE A test PCB should be designed to accommodate both VJ 3505 and the GSM antennas. The two antennas should be positioned as far from each other as allowed by the mechanical constraints of the application. Using a network analyzer, the coupling between the antennas can be directly measured for each of the four channels offered by the tuning circuit. The same test setup can later be used to fine tune the tuning element components to negate any detuning caused by the GSM antenna, or other nearby components. Application Note Vishay Vitramon VJ 3505 GSM Interference Immune Tuning Circuit GSM IMMUNE TUNING CIRCUIT TOPOLOGY SCHEMATICS Figure 2 presents the schematic drawing of the recommended tuning circuit. VJ 3505 L1 R1 L4 D1 Digital input 1 L2 C3 R2 L5 L3 D2 Digital input 2 C4 R3 C1 L6 C2 50 Ω RF feed APPLICATION NOTE Fig. 2 - Tuning Circuit Schematics www.vishay.com 30 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] Document Number: 45186 Revision: 08-Jul-10 Application Note Vishay Vitramon VJ 3505 GSM Interference Immune Tuning Circuit LAYOUT Figure 3 shows the recommended layout of the tuning circuit. Layout should be as compact as possible. Antenna not in scale L1 Digital input 1 D1 R1 L4 L2 D2 R2 L5 Digital input 2 L3 C3 C4 R3 L6 C1 L4 C2 50 Ω line Legend Conducting strip lines 0402 component Via hole to ground plane Fig. 3 - Tuning Circuit Layout Document Number: 45186 Revision: 08-Jul-10 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 31 APPLICATION NOTE Ground plane copper area on top, bottom and/or inner layers Application Note Vishay Vitramon VJ 3505 GSM Interference Immune Tuning Circuit LAYOUT GUIDELINES 1. The distance between the tuning circuit components should be minimized 2. Inductor L1 should be located as close as possible to the antenna 3. Inductors L4 and L5 should be as close as possible to the PIN diodes 4. It is recommended to remove all ground planes from under the tuning circuit. The ground plane should be added to insure a 50 Ω wave guide after capacitor C1 REFERENCE TUNING CIRCUIT BOM TABLE 1 - TUNING CIRCUIT BILL OF MATERIALS QUANTITY PER CIRCUIT PART NUMBER MANUFACTURER L4, L5, L6 3 HK 1005 R12J-T Taiyo Yuden D1, D2 2 BAR63-06W Infineon 15 nH L1 1 IMC0402ER15NJ Vishay 12 nH L2 1 IMC0402ER12NJ Vishay 27 nH L3 1 IMC0402ER27NJ Vishay 3.9 pF C1 1 VJ0402A3R9BXACW1BC Vishay VALUE REFERENCE 120 nH PIN diode 220 pF C2, C3, C4 3 VJ0402A221JXACW1BC Vishay 330 Ω R1, R2, R3 3 CRCW0402330RFKED Vishay Note • Any changes made in the reference BOM might result in loss of radiation efficiency. CONTROL SIGNAL INTEGRITY The following table describes the desired control signal properties: TABLE 2 - SIGNAL INTEGRITY FOR ELECTRICAL CONTROL ALTERNATIVE PARAMETER SYMBOL MIN. TYP. MAX. UNITS COMMENTS Equivalent DC circuit Logical LOW Vil - 0.3 0 0.2 V APPLICATION NOTE Equivalent DC circuit Logical HIGH Source current Sink current www.vishay.com 32 Vih 3 3.3 5 V Isource 4 4.2 5 mA Vin = 5 V Diode reverse leakage current Isink 0 0.01 0.05 mA Vin = - 0.3 V For technical questions, contact: [email protected] Document Number: 45186 Revision: 08-Jul-10 Application Note Vishay Vitramon VJ 3505 GSM Interference Immune Tuning Circuit CHANNEL CHARACTERISTICS The two digital control lines offer four frequency channels as described in table 3 below. This table shows the typical peak gain obtained in each of the four channels. TABLE 3 - PEAK GAIN OBTAINED IN EACH OF THE FOUR CHANNELS PARAMETER D1 D2 BAND (MHz) S11 (dB) 460 5 560 660 760 860 760 860 760 860 760 860 0 -5 1 L L 470 to 540 - 10 - 15 - 20 - 25 460 5 f (MHz) 560 660 0 -5 2 H L 540 to 620 - 10 - 15 - 20 - 25 460 5 f (MHz) 560 660 0 -5 3 L H 620 to 750 - 10 - 15 - 20 - 25 460 5 f (MHz) 560 660 0 -5 4 H H 750 to 860 (1) - 10 - 15 - 25 f (MHz) Note (1) Applications withstanding strong GSM interference will incorporate a band pass filter designed to filter out the interfering signal. Such a filter will add significant attenuation above 750 MHz. The company’s products are covered by one or more of the following: WO2008250262 (A1), US2008303720 (A1), US2008305750 (A1), WO2008154173 (A1). Other patents pending. ORDERING INFORMATION VISHAY MATERIAL PACKAGING QUANTITY VJ 3505 VJ3505M011SXMSRA0 1000 pieces Document Number: 45186 Revision: 08-Jul-10 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 33 APPLICATION NOTE - 20 Vishay Vitramon www.vishay.com 34 Contents EVK 6040 User Guide ....... 37 EVK 3505 User Guide ....... 45 Evaluation Board Vishay Vitramon www.vishay.com 36 VISHAY VITRAMON Ceramic Chip Antenna Application Note EVK 6040 User Guide EVALUATION KIT COMPONENTS The evaluation kit is shown in figure 1. Table 1 details the kit components. Antenna Tuning circuit The company’s products are covered by one or more of the following: WO2008250262 (A1), US2008303720 (A1), US2008305750 (A1), WO2008154173 (A1). Other patents pending. Dip switch array GENERAL This document is designed to serve as a user guide for the VJ 6040 evaluation kit. It is recommended that this document be read after the following documents were viewed: DC connector SMA connector Digital control pins • VJ 6040 datasheet • VJ 6040 application notes Fig. 1 - Evaluation Kit ITEM Antenna FUNCTIONALITY Actual ceramic chip antenna SMA connector Connect a 50 Ω RF cable to this connector, to get signals received on the antenna end Tuning circuit A digital tuning circuit used to cover the entire UHF band with 2 control pins Dip switch array Used to control the tuning circuit manually. Only pins 3 and 4 (marked D0 and D1) are in use. Pins 1 and 2 are not connected Digital control pins Used to control the tuning circuit electrically. Pins D0 and D1 are standard CMOS level digital control pins capable of supplying at least 1 mA DC connector Used to feed power to the tuning circuit. This connector is used only in the manual tuning alternative set up Document Number: 45189 Revision: 03-Aug-10 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 37 APPLICATION NOTE TABLE 1 - KIT COMPONENTS Application Note Vishay Vitramon EVK 6040 User Guide KIT SETUP There are 2 recommended alternative ways to set up the evaluation kit for testing and use. The difference between these alternatives is in the way the tuning circuit is controlled. Both alternatives are described hereafter. SET UP ALTERNATIVE 1 - MANUAL CONTROL In this alternative, the tuning circuit is controlled by the on board mechanical dip switch array. The control line voltage in this setup should be applied to the on board DC connector. A voltage of 2 V to 30 V will ensure good performance. The evaluation kit is supplied with a battery house designed to provide 3 V using two AAA batteries. SET UP ALTERNATIVE 2 - ELECTRICAL CONTROL In this alternative, the tuning circuit is controlled by the 5 pin digital connector. In order to function properly in this alternative and avoid short circuit, the following rules need to be followed: 1. Remove the batteries from the battery housing. Disconnect the DC jack from the DC connector 2. Leave all dip switches in L position (in this position, the tuning circuit control pins are in High-Z impedance, and can be controlled by the external pins) 3. Connect the GND pin on the EVK to the common ground used by the external digital control circuit VISHAY VJ 6040 VISHAY VJ 6040 Use D0 and D1 to switch channels H Leave all switches in L position L D0 D1 D1 D0 GND 50 Ω RF cable to receiver/test equipment DC feed to tuning circuit H L D0 D1 50 Ω RF cable to receiver/test equipment To external digital control circuit D1 D0 GND AAA 1.5 V APPLICATION NOTE AAA 1.5 V Fig. 2 - Manual Control Fig. 3 - Electrical Control In set up alternative 1, the tuning circuit is driven and controlled by dip switches D0 and D1. The other two switches in the array are not connected. Maximum current consumed by the tuning circuit is less than 2 mA when operating at 3 V. The 3 pin digital connector is expected to be connected to an external control circuit. The digital control signals D0 and D1 are standard CMOS level signals. Note • Signal integrity is detailed in table 2. A 50 Ω RF cable, connected to the SMA connector, can be used to guide the received signals from the antenna to the desired applicable receiver/test equipment. Note • See table 3 for details regarding channel selection. www.vishay.com 38 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] Document Number: 45189 Revision: 03-Aug-10 Application Note Vishay Vitramon EVK 6040 User Guide CONTROL SIGNAL INTEGRITY Table 2 describes the desired control signal properties: TABLE 2 - SIGNAL INTEGRITY FOR ELECTRICAL CONTROL ALTERNATIVE PARAMETER SYMBOL MIN. TYP. MAX. UNITS COMMENTS Equivalent DC circuit Vih Logical LOW - 0.3 0 0.2 V 1 kΩ Vil Equivalent DC circuit Vih 2 3 5 V Source current Isource 0 0.01 0.05 mA Vin = 5 V This is diode reverse leakage current Sink current Isink 4 4.2 5 mA Vin = - 0.5 V 1 kΩ Vih Logical HIGH OPERATING THE KIT To properly operate the kit, the antenna needs to be tuned to the required band. The kit is offering coverage of the entire UHF band, by dividing it into 4 sub-bands. Selecting the correct band is critical for antenna performance. For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 39 APPLICATION NOTE Document Number: 45189 Revision: 03-Aug-10 Application Note Vishay Vitramon EVK 6040 User Guide Table 3 describes channel selection for both manual and electrical set up alternatives. TABLE 3 - TUNING CIRCUIT BANDS, FOR CHANNEL SELECTION ONLY CHANNEL D1 D2 BAND (MHz) S11 (dB) 460 5 560 660 760 860 760 860 760 860 760 860 0 -5 1 H L 470 to 540 - 10 - 15 - 20 - 25 460 5 f (MHz) 560 660 0 -5 2 L L 540 to 620 - 10 - 15 - 20 - 25 460 5 f (MHz) 560 660 0 -5 3 H H 620 to 750 - 10 - 15 - 20 APPLICATION NOTE - 25 460 5 f (MHz) 560 660 0 -5 4 L H 750 to 860 - 10 - 15 - 20 - 25 f (MHz) Comment: The EVK tuning circuit is optimized to cover the band of 474 MHz to 800 MHz. There is an alternative tuning circuit available, to cover the band of 474 MHz to 860 MHz. For more information see “VJ 6040 application notes - tuning circuit”. www.vishay.com 40 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] Document Number: 45189 Revision: 03-Aug-10 Application Note Vishay Vitramon EVK 6040 User Guide VJ 6040 EVALUATION KIT ANTENNA PERFORMANCE MEASURED PEAK GAIN AND EFFICIENCY The antenna radiation characteristics are influenced by several factors including ground plane dimensions and impedance matching network. The antenna parameters presented hereafter were measured using to the configuration suggested by the VJ 6040 evaluation board. Figure 4 shows radiation patterns of the EVK 6040 in various frequencies across the UHF band: Performance - Radiation Patterns (VJ 6040) 0 - 10 - 20 - 30 - 40 - 50 500 MHz 600 MHz 700 MHz 800 MHz Fig. 4 - Peak Gain vs. Frequency Applications that do not require full coverage of the UHF band can enjoy additional efficiency by removing the tuning circuit. In this case the antenna can be fixed to any 150 MHz band within the UHF range. Figure 5 shows simulated peak gain and radiation efficiency of the VJ 6040 antenna over frequency throughout the UHF band, compared with the MBRAI requirements: 0 Simulated Measured -4 -6 Standard -8 - 10 - 12 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 Frequency (MHz) 800 850 900 Fig. 5 - Peak Gain vs. Frequency Document Number: 45189 Revision: 03-Aug-10 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 41 APPLICATION NOTE Peak Gain (dBi) -2 Application Note Vishay Vitramon EVK 6040 User Guide SCHEMATIC DRAWING Figure 6 below shows the schematic drawing of the evaluation kit. See tuning circuit application note for details regarding recommended BOM. VJ 6040 C6 L1 L3 R1 Digital Input 1 D1 D1 C1 L4 R2 D2 L5 R3 Digital Input 2 D2 C4 L2 C5 C7 C2 Dip Switch DC Jack 50 Ω RF feed VCC D1 D2 APPLICATION NOTE Fig. 6 - EVK 6040 Schematic TABLE 4 - EVK6040 BOM LIST VALUE Antenna 120 nH Pin diode 27 nH 39 nH 3.3 pF 2.2 pF 220 pF 1 kΩ 0Ω REFERENCE VJ 6040 l3, l4, l5 D1, D2 L1 L2 C1 C5 C2, C4, C6, C7 R1, R3 R2 QUANTITY PER CIRCUIT PART NUMBER 1 VJ6040M011SXISRA0 3 HK1005R12J-T 2 BAR63-02V 1 IMC0402ER27NJ 1 IMC0402ER39NJ 1 VJ0402A3R3BXACW1BC 1 VJ0402A2R2BXACW1BC 4 VJ0402A221JXACW1BC 2 CRCW1KJNED 1 CRCW0R0Z0ED MANUFACTURER Vishay Taiyo Yuden Infineon Vishay Vishay Vishay Vishay Vishay Vishay Vishay Features are subject to revisions or changes without notification. www.vishay.com 42 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] Document Number: 45189 Revision: 03-Aug-10 Application Note Vishay Vitramon EVK 6040 User Guide ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION The tuning circuit herein is effectively an inductor, connected in series with a capacitor. The total impedance generated by this circuit can be described in the following equation (excluding the capacitors C2, C3 and C4): Z = Z L + Z C + Z L = j * (ω L 1 − 1 1 2 ω = 2π f 1 ω C1 + ω L 2) By connecting pin diodes in parallel to C1 and L2, the tuning circuit can electrically short-circuit one of the two reactants or both. Table 2 is detailing all logical states of the tuning circuit, and the electrical effect as presented in the impedance Z. For the sake of small signal analysis, when the pin diode is in forward conductance mode, it is represented as a 2 Ω resistor. TABLE 5 - TUNING CIRCUITS' IMPEDANCES DIGITAL INPUT 1 DIGITAL INPUT 2 PIN 0 PIN 1 0 0 High Z High Z 0 1 High Z Z (W) j * ( ω L1 − 2Ω 1 ω C1 j * ( ω L1 − + ω L2 ) 1 )+ 2 ω C1 1 0 2Ω High Z j * ( ω L1 + ω L2 ) + 2 1 1 2Ω 2Ω j * ω L1 + 4 As evident from table 2, each one of the 4 possible logic states represents a different tuning circuit between the antenna and the receiver port. By applying the values shown in table 1 to L1, C1 and L2 the 4 states cover the entire UHF band. SELECTING THE RESISTIVE VALUES OF R R1 resistor is used to DC bias the pin diodes. Selecting the value for R1 can be derived for the following equation: Vcontrol - Vd Id Let's assume that the digital control line is 1.8 V when high. To allow a current of 1 mA, R1 should be set as follows: When: R = resistive value (in Ω) for R1 Vcontrol = control voltage (in V) as generated by the controller Vd = forward voltage (in V) generated on the pin diode when biased R1 = 1 .8 - 0 .8 = 1 kΩ 0 . 001 Id = forward current (in A) through the pin diode when biased Document Number: 45189 Revision: 03-Aug-10 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 43 APPLICATION NOTE R = Example: The pin diode should be forward biased at 0.8 V to allow just over 1 mA to pass through it (see the graphs below). At 1 mA, the diode small signal impedance drops to its required value of 2 Ω. Application Note Vishay Vitramon EVK 6040 User Guide 6 100.00 f = 100 MHz RF - Forward Resistance (Ω) I F - Forward Current (mA) 5 10.00 1.00 0.10 4 3 2 1 0.01 0 0.5 18325 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.1 VF - Forward Voltage (V) 10 1.0 18341_1 100 IF - Forward Current (mA) Fig. 7 - Pin Diode Characteristics GROUND PLANE CONFIGURATION General 35 mm Additional antenna VISHAY VJ 6040 Tuning Circuit VJ 6040 evaluation board demonstrates exceptional antenna performance achieved with a 40 mm by 80 mm ground plane. 90.5 mm Receiver 77 mm 50 Ohm An important consideration in the design of this product into cell phone applications is the coexistence of the cell phone antenna with VJ 6040. The recommended ground plane configuration presented below includes recommendations regarding how to set the cellular antenna relative to the VJ 6040 to minimize losses to both antennas. APPLICATION NOTE 10.5 mm 40 mm 3 mm The VJ 6040 antenna is unbalanced, therefore requiring a ground plane for its operation. The ground plane dimensions significantly influence the antenna performance. The rule of thumb in unbalanced antenna ground plane design is that antenna efficiency increases with ground plane size. The evaluation board demonstrates how the antenna complies with the EMBRAI standard when set against a ground plane small enough to fit into most cellular phone designs. Applications that allow larger ground planes can enjoy higher efficiency. Figure 4 describes a recommended reference ground plane configuration. The areas marked in green in the close proximity to the antenna should remain empty from large conducting surfaces including ground planes (outer or inner layers), batteries, connectors, buttons, or other large components. Applications that require additional antennas, such as cell phones, should position the cellular antenna at the top left hand side while maintaining maximum distance from VJ 6040. The presence of an additional antenna might cause loss of efficiency to both antennas. www.vishay.com 44 Fig. 8 - Recommended Ground Plane For technical questions, contact: [email protected] Document Number: 45189 Revision: 03-Aug-10 VISHAY VITRAMON Ceramic Chip Antenna Application Note EVK 3505 User Guide EVALUATION KIT COMPONENTS The evaluation kit is shown in figure 1. Table 1 details the kit components. The company’s products are covered by one or more of the following: WO2008250262 (A1), US2008303720 (A1), US2008305750 (A1), WO2008154173 (A1). Other patents pending. GENERAL This document is designed to serve as a user guide for the VJ 3505 evaluation kit. It is recommended that this document be read after the following documents were viewed: • VJ 3505 datasheet • VJ 3505 application notes Fig. 1 - Evaluation Kit ITEM Antenna FUNCTIONALITY Ceramic chip antenna. 35 mm by 5 mm by 1.2 mm SMA connector Connect a 50 Ω RF cable to this connector, to get signals received on the antenna end Tuning circuit A digital tuning circuit used to cover the entire UHF band with 2 control pins Dip switch array Used to control the tuning circuit manually. Only pins 2 and 3 (marked D1 and D2) are in use. Pins 1 and 4 are not connected Digital control pins Used to control the tuning circuit electrically. Pins D1 and D2 are standard CMOS level digital control pins capable of supplying at least 1 mA DC connector Used to feed power to the tuning circuit. This connector is used only in the manual tuning alternative set up Document Number: 45188 Revision: 18-Aug-10 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 45 APPLICATION NOTE TABLE 1 - KIT COMPONENTS Application Note Vishay Vitramon EVK 3505 User Guide KIT SETUP There are 2 recommended alternative ways to set up the evaluation kit for testing and use. The difference between these alternatives is in the way the tuning circuit is controlled. Both alternatives are described hereafter. SET UP ALTERNATIVE 1 - MANUAL CONTROL In this alternative, the tuning circuit is controlled by the on board mechanical dip switch array. The control line voltage in this setup should be applied to the on board DC connector. A voltage of 2 V to 30 V will ensure good performance. The evaluation kit is supplied with a battery house designed to provide 3 V using two AAA batteries. SET UP ALTERNATIVE 2 - ELECTRICAL CONTROL In this alternative, the tuning circuit is controlled by the 5 pin digital connector. In order to function properly in this alternative and avoid short circuit, the following rules need to be followed: 1. Remove the batteries from the battery housing 2. Leave all dip switches in L position (in this position, the tuning circuit control pins are in High-Z impedance, and can be controlled by the external pins) 3. Connect the GND pin on the EVK to the common ground used by the external digital control circuit VJ 3505 VJ 3505 50 Ω RF cable to receiver/ test equipment GND Vcc D1 D2 APPLICATION NOTE Connect control signals and ground to these pins AAA 1.5 V DC feed to circuit H Set All Switches to Low AAA 1.5 V Note that only two of the four switches are active L D3 D2 D1 D3 D2 D1 GND Vcc D1 D2 AAA 1.5 V L H Manual Channel Selection switches. DC Jack can remain connected if batteries were removed AAA 1.5 V 50 Ω RF cable to receiver/ test equipment Fig. 2 - Manual Control Fig. 3 - Electrical Control In set up alternative 1, the tuning circuit is driven and controlled by dip switches D1 and D2. The other two switches in the array are not connected. Maximum current consumed by the tuning circuit is less than 2 mA when operating at 3 V. The 5 pin digital connector is expected to be connected to an external control circuit. The digital control signals D1 and D2 are standard CMOS level signals. A 50 Ω RF cable, connected to the SMA connector, can be used to guide the received signals from the antenna to the desired applicable receiver/test equipment. Note • See table 3 for details regarding channel selection. www.vishay.com 46 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] Document Number: 45188 Revision: 18-Aug-10 Application Note Vishay Vitramon EVK 3505 User Guide CONTROL SIGNAL INTEGRITY Table 2 describes the desired control signal properties: TABLE 2 - SIGNAL INTEGRITY FOR ELECTRICAL CONTROL ALTERNATIVE PARAMETER SYMBOL MIN. TYP. MAX. UNITS COMMENTS Equivalent DC Circuit 1 kΩ Logical LOW Vil - 0.3 0 0.2 V Equivalent DC circuit 1 kΩ Logical HIGH Vih 2 3 5 V Sink current Isink 0 0.01 0.05 mA Vin = - 0.3 V This is diode reverse leakage current Isource 4 4.2 5 mA Vin = 5 V Source current OPERATING THE KIT To properly operate the kit, the antenna needs to be tuned to the required band. The kit is offering coverage of the entire UHF band, by dividing it into 4 sub-bands. Selecting the correct band is critical for antenna performance. For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 47 APPLICATION NOTE Document Number: 45188 Revision: 18-Aug-10 Application Note Vishay Vitramon EVK 3505 User Guide CHANNEL CHARACTERISTICS The two digital control lines offer four frequency channels as described in the table 3 below. This table shows the typical peak gain obtained in each of the four channels. TABLE 3 - TUNING CIRCUIT BANDS CHANNEL D1 D2 BAND (MHz) S11 (dB) 460 5 560 660 760 860 760 860 760 860 760 860 0 -5 1 H L 470 to 540 - 10 - 15 - 20 - 25 460 5 f (MHz) 560 660 0 -5 2 l L 540 to 620 - 10 - 15 - 20 - 25 460 5 f (MHz) 560 660 0 -5 3 H H 620 to 750 - 10 - 15 - 20 - 25 APPLICATION NOTE 460 5 f (MHz) 560 660 0 -5 4 l h 750 to 860 - 10 - 15 - 20 - 25 f (MHz) Comment: The EVK tuning circuit is optimized to cover the band of 474 MHz to 800 MHz. There is an alternative tuning circuit available, to cover the band of 474 MHz to 860 MHz. For more information see 'VJ 3505 application notes - tuning circuit'. www.vishay.com 48 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] Document Number: 45188 Revision: 18-Aug-10 Application Note Vishay Vitramon EVK 3505 User Guide VJ 3505 EVALUATION KIT ANTENNA PERFORMANCE MEASURED PEAK GAIN AND EFFICIENCY The antenna radiation characteristics are influenced by several factors including ground plane dimensions and impedance matching network. The antenna parameters presented hereafter were measured using to the configuration suggested by the VJ 3505 evaluation board. Figure 4 shows radiation patterns of the EVK 3505 in various frequencies across the UHF band: Performance - Radiation Pattern (VJ 3505) 0 330 30 - 10 - 20 300 60 - 30 -4 0 - 50 270 90 500 MHz 600 MHz 700 MHz 862 MHz 240 120 150 210 180 Fig. 4 - Peak Gain vs. Frequency Applications that do not require full coverage of the UHF band can enjoy additional efficiency by removing the tuning circuit. In this case the antenna can be fixed to any 150 MHz band within the UHF range. Figure 5 shows simulated peak gain and radiation efficiency of the VJ 3505 antenna over frequency throughout the UHF band, compared with the MBRAI requirements: VJ 3505 Simulated Antenna Parameters 2 -2 -4 -6 Peak Gain Radiation Efficiency MBRAI -8 - 10 - 12 470 520 570 620 670 720 770 820 870 Frequency (MHz) Fig. 5 - Simulated Radiation Efficiency and Peak Gain vs. Frequency Document Number: 45188 Revision: 18-Aug-10 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 49 APPLICATION NOTE Radiation Efficiency (dB) 0 Application Note Vishay Vitramon EVK 3505 User Guide SCHEMATIC DRAWING Figure 6 below shows the schematic drawing of the evaluation kit. See tuning circuit application note for details regarding recommended BOM. VJ 3505 C6 L1 L3 R1 Digital Input 1 D1 D1 C1 L4 R2 D2 L2 L5 R3 Digital Input 2 D2 C4 C5 C7 C2 Dip Switch 50 Ω RF feed VCC DC Jack D1 D2 APPLICATION NOTE Fig. 6 - EVK 3505 Schematic TABLE 4 - EVK3505 BOM LIST VALUE Antenna 120 nH Pin diode 27 nH 39 nH 3.3 pF 2.2 pF 220 pF 1 kΩ 0Ω REFERENCE VJ 3505 l3, l4, l5 D1, D2 L1 L2 C1 C5 C2, C4, C6, C7 R1, R3 R2 QUANTITY PER CIRCUIT PART NUMBER 1 VJ3505M011SXMSRA0 3 HK1005R12J-T 2 BAR63-02V 1 IMC0402ER27NJ 1 IMC0402ER39NJ 1 VJ0402A3R3BXACW1BC 1 VJ0402A2R2BXACW1BC 4 VJ0402A221JXACW1BC 2 CRCW1KJNED 1 CRCW0R0Z0ED MANUFACTURER Vishay Taiyo Yuden Infineon Vishay Vishay Vishay Vishay Vishay Vishay Vishay Features are subject to revisions or changes without notification. www.vishay.com 50 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] Document Number: 45188 Revision: 18-Aug-10 Application Note Vishay Vitramon EVK 3505 User Guide ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION The tuning circuit herein is effectively an inductor, connected in series with a capacitor. The total impedance generated by this circuit can be described in the following equation (excluding the capacitors C2, C3 and C4): Z = Z L + Z C + Z L = j * (ω L 1 − 1 1 2 ω = 2π f 1 ω C1 + ω L 2) By connecting pin diodes in parallel to C1 and L2, the tuning circuit can electrically short-circuit one of the two reactants or both. Table 2 is detailing all logical states of the tuning circuit, and the electrical effect as presented in the impedance Z. For the sake of small signal analysis, when the pin diode is in forward conductance mode, it is represented as a 2 Ω resistor. TABLE 5 - TUNING CIRCUITS' IMPEDANCES DIGITAL INPUT 1 DIGITAL INPUT 2 PIN 0 PIN 1 0 0 High Z High Z 0 1 High Z Z (W) j * ( ω L1 − 2Ω 1 ω C1 j * ( ω L1 − + ω L2 ) 1 )+ 2 ω C1 1 0 2Ω High Z j * ( ω L1 + ω L2 ) + 2 1 1 2Ω 2Ω j * ω L1 + 4 As evident from table 2, each one of the 4 possible logic states represents a different tuning circuit between the antenna and the receiver port. By applying the values shown in table 1 to L1, C1 and L2 the 4 states cover the entire UHF band. SELECTING THE RESISTIVE VALUES OF R R1 resistor is used to DC bias the pin diodes. Selecting the value for R1 can be derived for the following equation: Vcontrol - Vd Id Let's assume that the digital control line is 1.8 V when high. To allow a current of 1 mA, R1 should be set as follows: When: R = resistive value (in Ω) for R1 Vcontrol = control voltage (in V) as generated by the controller Vd = forward voltage (in V) generated on the pin diode when biased R1 = 1 .8 - 0 .8 = 1 kΩ 0 . 001 Id = forward current (in A) through the pin diode when biased Document Number: 45188 Revision: 18-Aug-10 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] www.vishay.com 51 APPLICATION NOTE R = Example: The pin diode should be forward biased at 0.8 V to allow just over 1 mA to pass through it (see the graphs below). At 1 mA, the diode small signal impedance drops to its required value of 2 Ω. Application Note Vishay Vitramon EVK 3505 User Guide 6 100.00 f = 100 MHz RF - Forward Resistance (Ω) I F - Forward Current (mA) 5 10.00 1.00 0.10 4 3 2 1 0.01 0 0.5 18325 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 VF - Forward Voltage (V) 0.1 18341_1 10 1.0 100 IF - Forward Current (mA) Fig. 7 - Pin Diode Characteristics GROUND PLANE CONFIGURATION General APPLICATION NOTE 5 mm VISHAY VJ 3505 Tuning Circuit Receiver 85 mm 72 mm VJ 3505 evaluation board demonstrates exceptional antenna performance achieved with a 40 mm by 80 mm ground plane. 35 mm 3 mm An important consideration in the design of this product into cell phone applications is the coexistence of the cell phone antenna with VJ 3505. The recommended ground plane configuration presented below includes recommendations regarding how to set the cellular antenna relative to the VJ 3505 to minimize losses to both antennas. 40 mm 50 Ohm The VJ 3505 antenna is unbalanced, therefore requiring a ground plane for its operation. The ground plane dimensions significantly influence the antenna performance. The rule of thumb in unbalanced antenna ground plane design is that antenna efficiency increases with ground plane size. The evaluation board demonstrates how the antenna complies with the EMBRAI standard when set against a ground plane small enough to fit into most cellular phone designs. Applications that allow larger ground planes can enjoy higher efficiency. Figure 4 describes a recommended reference ground plane configuration. The areas marked in green in the close proximity to the antenna should remain empty from large conducting surfaces including ground planes (outer or inner layers), batteries, connectors, buttons, or other large components. Applications that require additional antennas, such as cell phones, should position the cellular antenna at the top left hand side while maintaining maximum distance from VJ 3505. The presence of an additional antenna might cause loss of efficiency to both antennas. www.vishay.com 52 Fig. 8 - Recommended Ground Plane For technical questions, contact: [email protected] Document Number: 45188 Revision: 18-Aug-10 Notes Vishay Vitramon www.vishay.com 53 Notes Vishay Vitramon www.vishay.com 54 Build Vishay into your Design WORLDWIDE SALES CONTACTS Visit www.vishay.com for product information or select below for a current list of sales offices, representatives, and distributors. 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