FIM Technology

FIM Products
FIM Technology
TPC (acquired by AVX Corporation in 1998) is at the forefront of high
performance film capacitor technology improvements for 30 years.
In 1979, we developed CONTROLLED SELF-HEALING technology
specifically to enhance the performance of film power capacitors.
This enables the capacitor to continue to function without catastrophic
failure by insulating the weak points of the dielectric material. During
operation, the capacitor behaves like a battery. It will consume
capacitance via the gradual breakdown of individual cells until it
decreases down to 2% of the original value.
Since 1988, FIM technology launching year, we continuously improve
performances to meet DC filtering power applications.
FIM technology with polypropylene Film, vegetable oil Impregnated
and aluminium Metallization combines totally safe behavior and high
energy density.
FIM technology is available in CAPAFIM, TRAFIM and FILFIM ranges
for DC filtering applications.
Also available in DISFIM range for energy storage and discharge
applications.
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FIM Products
Characteristics
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR DC FILTERING
Cn Capacitance
Vn Rated DC voltage
Vw Working voltage
Vr Ripple voltage
VI Insulation voltage
Ls Stray inductance
Rs Capacitor series resistance
tan δ Tangent of loss angle
Irms Working current
Imax Maximum current
Nominal value of the capacitance measured at θamb=25±10°C.
Maximum operating peak voltage of either polarity (non-reversing type
waveform), for which the capacitor has been designed for continuous
operation.
Value of the maximum operating recurrent voltage for a given hot spot
temperature and an expected lifetime.
Peak-to-peak alternating component of the unidirectional voltage.
Rms rated value of the insulation voltage of capacitive elements and
terminals to case.
Capacitor series self-inductance.
Capacitor series resistance due to galvanic circuit.
Ratio between the equivalent series resistance and the capacitive
reactance of a capacitor at a specified sinusoidal alternating voltage,
frequency and temperature.
Rms current value for continuous operation.
Maximum Rms current value for continuous operation.
THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS
θamb (°C) Cooling air temperature
Temperature of the cooling air measured at the hottest position of the capacitor,
under steady-state conditions, midway between two units. NOTE If only one unit is
involved, it is the temperature measured at a point approximately 0.1 m away from
the capacitor container and at two-thirds of the height from its base.
θHS (°C) Hot spot temperature
Highest temperature obtained inside the case of the capacitor in thermal equilibrium.
θ (°C) Operating temperature
Temperature of the hottest point on the case of the capacitor in thermal equilibrium.
θmin (°C) Minimum operating temperature Lowest temperature of the dielectric at which the capacitor may be energized.
θmax (°C) Maximum operating temperature Highest temperature of the case at which the capacitor may be operated.
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FIM Products
General Description
Three series, for DC filtering applications, are proposed with nominal voltage from 1200V up to 56kV.
CAPAFIM
DC filtering application up to 3.9kV
Capacitance up to 1620µF
TRAFIM
DC filtering application up to 6kV
Capacitance up to 16100µF
• Standard shape base 340x165
• Book shape base 340x117 which allows:
Lower thermal resistance
Higher Rms current capability
Lower serial resistance
Higher thermal exchange
Lower stray inductance
FILFIM
High voltage DC filtering available up to 100kV on specific design
Capacitance up to 612µF
For any specific request about capacitance value, voltage, size or shape, contact your AVX local representative request by
using the form on page 30.
STANDARDS
IEC61071
Capacitors for power electronics
IEC61881
Capacitors for power electronics, railway applications, rolling stock equipment
IEC61373
Railway applications, rolling stock equipment, shock and vibration tests
IEC60068
Environmental testing
NFF16-101
Railway rolling stock, fire behavior
NFF16-102
Railway rolling stock, fire behavior
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FIM Products
General Description
LIFETIME EXPECTANCY VS HOT SPOT TEMPERATURE AND VOLTAGE
1.7
1.6
1.5
HS = 50°C
Vw/Vn
1.4
1.3
HS = 70°C
1.2
1.1
HS = 85°C
1
HS = 80°C
0.9
0.8
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
Lifetime Expectancy (hours)
TANGENT OF LOSS ANGLE VS FREQUENCY
60
50
tgδ (10e-4)
40
Typical Curve @ 1V/25ºC
30
20
10
0
10
100
1000
f(Hz)
5
FIM Products
General Description
TANGENT OF LOSS ANGLE VS TEMPERATURE
30
25
tgδ (10e-4)
20
Typical Curve @ 50Hz on Schering Bridge
15
10
5
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
(ºC)
ΔC/C VS HOT SPOT TEMPERATURE
ΔC/C(%)
4
3
Typical Curve @ 1V/100Hz
2
1
(ºC)
0
-55
-35
-15
5
-1
-2
-3
-4
6
25
45
65
85
FIM Products
General Description
DIMENSIONS
MARKING
Dimensions are indicated in the value tables as well as the
weight.
Dimensional tolerances are:
H ± 3mm, W ± 3mm
Initially, the large faces of the capacitor may be slightly
convex. At delivery the maximum width is:
W’max = W +15mm
Standard material is stainless steel. Aluminum is available for
specific requirement to reduce the weight or induction effect.
The label is usually located 50mm from the top of the case
and centered to the length:
TPC or AVX Logo
Test voltage between
terminals and case
Part number
Capacitance and tolerance
Batch and serial number
Rated voltage in clear
Date of manufacture
MOUNTING
Vertical mounting is the preferred and horizontal is
acceptable. Please contact AVX for up-side down mounting
configuration.
HANDLING
When unpacking, it is important that no mechanical shocks
occur that might deform the cans and damage the output
connection.
The capacitors include, unless otherwise specified, one or
several gripping elements (mass screws, jack rings or other
hoisting devices); they should be exclusively handled by
means of these elements.
In no case should the electrical output terminals be
used to lift the capacitor.
The grounding wire should be kept in place until the
capacitor is mounted.
ASSEMBLY AND INSTALLATION
To check for the absence of excessive mechanical
stresses.
The mechanical stresses in assembly should remain compatible with the characteristics of the capacitor.
The method of mounting should not lead to the deformation
of the capacitor case.
Tightening torques are given below:
Output through threaded connections:
max = 25 N-m
Mechanical mounting
Moreover vertical position is the preferential one and horizontal is accepted.
In order to enable air convection, it is necessary to maintain at
least 40mm between the large faces of adjacent capacitors.
Connections
They should not induce any force on the output terminals.
Flexible connections should be used (braided or thin metal).
The cross section should not be less than:
S = 0.2 x Imax where S (mm2) and Imax (A)
The skin effect, which occurs vs frequency, must also be
taken into account.
SAFETY
The FIM technology provides excellent safety; there is no risk
of explosion in case of defect throughout the life of the
capacitor. This explains why there is no need to equip these
capacitors with pressure switch. Rapeseed oil is not explosive
or flammable at normal conditions, therefore capacitors can be
transported without being subjected to safety rules. Rapeseed
oil flash point is about 317°C and the polypropylene flash point
is near 300°C, so the melting certifies a temperature of security
above 300°C.
In case of fire above this temperature, it is recommended
to use dust or CO2. The use of water is contra-indicated. The
possible rejected products during fire are CO2, H2O, CO (in
case of non-complete combustion), Hydrocarbons and
some other gases. Carrying mask is required for protection.
OIL
The only impregnant used in TRAFIM capacitors is rapeseed
oil (otherwise known as Canola oil) and then is fully environmentally compatible. It does not emit toxic or carcinogenic
gases, nor is it harmful to soil, water or humans in the event
of accidental spillages. As a natural product derived from
foodstuff, it is even edible.
Of all the vegetable oils, rapeseed oil has one of the best
thermal stabilities and lowest acidity levels.
NON-TOXIC COMPOSITION
Our capacitors are free of:
Arsenic, Asbestos, Beryllium, Brominated flame retardants
(PBB and PBDE), Cadmium, CFC, HCFC, Cobalt,
Formaldehyde, Halon, Isocyanatos, Mercury, Nickel PCB,
PCT, Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), Phtalates, PVC,
PTFE and Thirams.
Lead is only found in soldering (for approximately 0.3% of the
capacitor weight).
Free of SF6.
CALORIFIC VALUE
A formula that gives the calorific value of a standard TRAFIM
capacitor is:
CV (MJ) = L x [4 x 10-5 x W x H - 1.3 x 10-5 x H + 8 x
10-4 x W + 4.55 x 10-2] + 3.75 x N
where H, L, W, are Height, Length and Width in millimeters,
and N is the number of terminals.
DESTROYING CAPACITORS
The destruction of the capacitors are subject to the laws in
force in each country.
In practice, today, please contact AVX for a list of companies
who can take charge of the products to be destroyed.
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FIM Products
General Description
CAPACITOR DESIGN
The capacitor lifetime depends on the working voltage and the hot spot temperature.
Our caps are designed for 100000 hours lifetime at nominal voltage and 70°C hot spot temperature. According to your operating conditions, you will need to calculate the hot spot temperature, and deduce from this calculation if the lifetime obtained
can suit your application.
1 According to the tables, you should find a capacitor
with required capacitance Cn and voltage Vn with
Vn>Vw.
2100
Copy out:
Serial resistance (Rs): see table of values
Thermal resistances Rth1 and Rth2
(depending on cooling conditions):
See page 13 for CAPAFIM
page 16 for TRAFIM
page 24 for FILFIM
Voltage
Calculate the maximum ripple voltage allowed for the
chosen cap and check if Vr<0.45Vn.
2000
Vn
1900
Vw
1800
Vr
1700
1600
Vw = working voltage
Vn = nominal voltage
Vr = ripple voltage
1/f
1500
Time
2 Hot spot temperature calculation
Total losses are calculated as follow: Pt = Pj + Pd
Rth1: Thermal resistance between hot spot and case
Rth2: Thermal resistance between case and ambient air
Joule losses: Pj = Rs x Irms2
Dielectric losses:
Pd = Q x tgδ0 with
- Q = reactive power; Irms2 / (C x 2 x x f) for a
sinusoidal waveform
- tgδ0 = dielectric losses of polypropylene +
rapeseed oil (tgδ0 = 3 x 10-4)
Hot spot temperature will be:
θHS = θamb + (Pj + Pd) x (Rth1 + Rth2)
θHS absolute maximum is 85°C
If temperature is higher than 85°C, choose a bigger cap.
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Rth1
HS
Rth2
case
amb
FIM Products
General Description
3 Refer to curve and deduce the lifetime vs Vw/Vn ratio.
LIFETIME EXPECTANCY VS HOT SPOT TEMPERATURE AND VOLTAGE
1.3
1.25
1.2
1.15
HS = 70°C
Vw/Vn
1.1
1.05
1
0.95
0.9
0.85
0.8
10000
100000
200000
1000000
Lifetime Expectancy (hours)
Ex: nominal voltage 2000V
working voltage 1900V
ρ = 0.95 ⇒ lifetime 200000 hours @ 70°C hot spot temperature
You can find a calculation form on page 28 at the end of the catalog.
For any help or specific requirements, please contact your AVX local representative.
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FIM Products
General Description
MTBF CALCULATION
Based on 20 years of test results, we have established the
following relation.
The failure rate λΒ depends on the hot spot temperature θHS
and the charge ratio ρ:
ρ = Vw/Vn
5.861 (ρ - 1)
λΒ = 3x10
×e
[3.98 ⎧⎩
30.35
(θ
_________
HS +273)⎫
⎭
358
]
× 10
-9
in failures/hour
GENERAL FAILURE RATE
λ = λΒ × πQ × πΒ × πE failures/hour
πQ, πΒ and πE see following tables
Qualification
Qualification
factor πQ
Product qualified on IEC 61071
and internal qualification
1
Product qualified on IEC 61071
2
Product answering on another norm
5
Product without qualification
15
Environment
On ground (good conditions)
Environment
factor πE
1
On ground (fixed materials)
2
On ground (on board)
4
On ship
9
On plane
15
Environment
Environment
factor πΒ
Favorable
1
Unfavorable
5
MEAN TIME BETWEEN FAILURE (MTBF)
M.T.B.F. = 1/λ hours
SURVIVAL FUNCTION
N = N0 x exp(-λt)
N is the number of pieces still working after t hours.
N0 is the number of pieces at the origin (t=0).
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