"Techniques for Efficient Fragment Detection in Web Pages"

Techniques for Efficient Fragment Detection in Web Pages
Lakshmish Ramaswamy
Arun Iyengar
College of Computing, Georgia Tech
801 Atlantic Drive
Atlanta GA 30332
laks, lingliu @cc.gatech.edu
ABSTRACT
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Keywords
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1. INTRODUCTION
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Sš od#`?o'vw`kciIdFsMoSZ›Xs?[SdMeTo_T^@sEkciIhI^9œn[S›Adkc]!iIdk=s@['d?['_!ij_+`^:Z_
[`K#ž š ‘K^d^%['Zm5k.iI_8`kT^dgc]!]!^:ZdMoSvF'ŸŸ!['_Ue.'ŸŸS Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for
personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are
not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies
bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to
republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific
permission and/or a fee.
CIKM 2003 November 3–8, 2003, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Copyright 2003 ACM 1-58113-723-0/03/0011 ... ¡ 5.00.
Ling Liu
Fred Douglis
IBM T.J. Watson Research Center
P.O. Box 704
Yorktown
Heights, NY 10598
aruni, fdouglis @us.ibm.com
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2. A FRAGMENT MODEL OF WEB PAGES
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2.1 Candidate Fragments
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u;vHw7”ts‹Av‚+~-q?~-vH€+yHqc€G€-vH‚G”dqA}x!K}‹3Š ª ~G€-vHvH‚Hƒ¢“pvTŠ ª ~G€-vHvfy$ts}
wdv?yHqs}‚‡~G€-{y~-v$xg}~/u;q‚‡~-vH”‚HƒL“p!v5¤€-‚‡~;‚‡~-vH”K‚;~-qe~G€0ts}‚‡r^qs€-|Ít
u;vHwx!qzy{|gvH}z~¢~-q~-‚ ©Îe¨ ~G€-vHv?tc}Vx7”!€-{!}vp~-!vpr^€0ts‹s|gvH}z~‘~G€-vv
wz’)vHKK|gK}Vtc~-K}!‹E~-vO~-v¬~fr^qs€-|t~G~-}!‹7}q[xvH‚HƒL“pv3€-v‚G{~?qsrž~-!v
¤!€-‚‡~e‚‡~-vH”º‚t‚G”dvHyHtcKˆHvHx ©Îe¨ ~G€-vHvŽ~-Vtc~3yHqA}z~0tsK}!‚eqA}’%~-!v
yqA}z~-vH}z~+‚‡~G€-{y~-{€-v;~0ts‹s‚T ˜vAƒ ‹!ƒKœzKK§nvOÏ?“žŠ5¦pÐÑfÒeœÏ?“pÓÒeœ!Ï?ÔfÒ5¡ƒ
“p!v7‚GvHyHqs}Vx=‚‡~-vH”‚3~-qMts}!}qs~0t~-vŽ~-!vŽr^€0tc‹A|gvH}z~3~G€-vv7qAw~0tsK}v$x
K}%~-ve¤!€-‚‡~3‚‡~-vH”QuT~-=ÕOq[xv†o­ © œÕOq[x!v†P‘tsK{!vAœ…{!w!~G€-vHv†P‘tsK{!vAœ
tc}Vx%…[{w~G€-vHv†/…!}!‹AKvAƒ
4.
FRAGMENT DETECTION ALGORITHMS
Ö $
t ŒK}!‹Tx!vH‚Gy€-Kwdv$xO~-!v+‚‡~G€-{y~-{€-vLqcr[~-v+Š ª ~G€-vHvLts}x3|gv~-q[x[†
qsKqA‹s’~-qhyHqA}!‚‡~G€-{y~pK~$œzu;vO}!qu×xvH‚Gy€-Kwdv5~-!vOtcK‹Aqs€-~-!|g‚;~-qExv†
~-vy~O…Vt€-v$xMtc}Vx
ІPÔ1r£€0ts‹A|gv}[~-‚Hƒ
4.1 Detecting Shared Fragments
“pvp…tc€-v$xer^€0tc‹A|gvH}z~+xv~-vHy~-KqA}ŽtsK‹sqs€-~-|Ëqs”dv€0tc~-v‚¢qA}hŒAt€G†
KqA{!‚u;vHwk”ts‹Av‚hr£€-qA|Ø~-v7‚-tc|gvEupvwk‚G~-v
tc}Vxºx!v~-vHy~-‚hyHts}Vx†
xt~-vr£€0ts‹s|gvH}z~-‚
~-Vt~Qt€-vÚÙ/ts””€-q$¬!K|t~-vH’!ۖ‚Gtc€-v$xƒÍ­P}ÜqA{!€
r^€0tc|gvupqc€-§)r^qs€O…tc€-v$xgr^€0tc‹A|gvH}z~5x!v~-vHy~-KqA}œu;vtAx!x)~-!€-vvetAx[†
x!~-KqA}ts3”tc€0tc|gv~-v€-‚~-qXx!v¤}vQ~-v=tc””€-qA”!€-t~-vH}vH‚G‚
qsrh‚G{y0
ts”!”!€-q$¬K|tc~-vH’Q‚Gtc€-v$xQr£€0ts‹A|gv}[~-‚Hƒ3“pvH‚GvŽ”Vt€0ts|gv~-v€-‚5y$ts}=wdv
yHqs}!¤V‹s{!€-v$xmwVts‚GvHxÝqA}Ý~-!vQ}vv$x!‚qsre~-!vQ”Vt€G~-KyH{tc€)upvwނG~-vAƒ
“pv3tsyHyH{€0tsy’Mts}x)~-!vO”dv€Gr^qs€-|ts}!yHveqsr•~-vetcK‹Aqs€-~-!|ßt€-vex!v†
”dvH}x!vH}z~TqA})~-v3ŒstsK{!vH‚Tqsr¢~-v‚Gv3”Vt€0ts|gv~-v€-‚Hƒ
„
ÉË´—Æž´˜¿=¶¢¿à³•·c¾!µ¿º¸Æáfĕ´£ân¸¢ã—ä_å²æç3èsézê!ëžåoìní$îAï “p!K‚•”tc†
€0ts|gv~-v€Q‚G”dvHyH¤VvH‚%~-!v'|gK}K|E{!|ð‚GKˆHv–qcrE~-!v–x!v~-vy~-v$x
r^€0ts‹s|gvH}z~$ƒ
„
ĕž·c´—Æ•µñ³¾VòAáÂV·dã—ë¢óé[èsíç3éô0õ‡öcèsîsï “p!‚M}x!Ky$t~-vH‚Q~-v
|g}!K|E{|÷}[{|Ewdv€gqsre”ts‹svH‚)~-tc~)‚Gqs{x݂Gtc€-v=t'‚GvH‹c†
|gvH}z~fK}Qqs€0xv€Tr—qs€?~T~-q7wdvexvHyHtc€-v$xMtŽr^€0tc‹A|gvH}z~$ƒ
„
ÉË´—Æž´˜¿=¶¢¿àÉø¾á$òcŞ´—Ƶ7³¾VòAáÂV·dã—ä_å²æ•äÜézõ‡ôóVç3é[ôõ/ösècîsï “pK‚
”Vtc€0tc|gv~-v€f‚G”dvyH¤VvH‚f~-v5|gK}K|E{!|ùqŒnv€-tc”Mwdv~PupvHvH})~-v
…{w~G€-vHv†/…!K}‹AKvH‚)~-qmwdvºyHqA}!‚Gx!v€-v$x×ts‚=tX‚GVt€-v$x_r^€0ts‹c†
|gvH}z~$ƒ
“pv‘‚GVt€-v$xr£€0ts‹s|gvH}z~+x!v~-vy~-KqA}ŽtsK‹Aqc€-K~-!|˔dv€Gr^qs€-|g‚ž~-v‘x!v†
~-vHy~-Kqs}_}Þ~-€-vHv=‚‡~-vH”‚Hƒ ª €-‚‡~$œ5~My€-vHtc~-vH‚Mtk”dqzqA3qcrEtcKO~-v
}q[xvH‚ewdvHKqA}!‹AK}‹)~-qQŠ ª ~G€-vHvH‚eqcrfvHŒnv€G’MupvHwº”Vts‹sv7qsr‘~-vhupvHw
‚G~-vAœn€-vH|gqŒ[K}‹etcK}q[xvH‚+~-Vtc~‘xq3}qc~‘|gvv~¢~-v ä_å²æ•ç3ècézê!ëžåPìAí
~-!€-v‚GqAxƒQ“p!vH}'~-vtcK‹Aqs€-~-!|÷”€-qzyHvH‚G‚GvH‚hv$tsy0–}q[xvgK}'~-v
”dqzqA[K}hx!vHy€-v$ts‚GK}‹5qs€0xv€¢qsr~-vK€ž‚GˆvH‚Hƒž™_!Kv‘”!€-qzyHvH‚G‚GK}!‹Ov$tcy
}q[xvAœ‘K~7‚gyqA|g”Vt€-v$xXts‹AtsK}‚‡~qc~-v€g}!q[x!vH‚E}X~-v)”dqzqA?tc}Vx
‹s€-qs{”!‚3~-v7}!q[x!vH‚3~-tc~htc€-vQú-û—üŽû˜ýKþsÿ0ƒ7“p!v7‚GK|gK£t€-~/’ºwdv~/u;vHvH}
ë 0õ‡èsíísë¢óå²æd
ê —
í ƒT­Pr
}q[xvH‚OK‚5|gv$ts‚G{€-v$xQwz’QyHqs|g”Vtc€-K}!‹7~-vH€ ~-v
}[{|Ewdv€7qsrO}q[xvH‚gtº‹c€-qA{!”ÝVtc‚7K‚gv$¥z{Vtc?qc€gK‹sv€g~-ts}
ë¢óé[èAíç3é[ôõ/ösè œ[~-vH})~-Vt~5‹c€-qA{!”Qqsr+}!q[x!vH‚TK
‚ dts‹s‹Av$x%tc‚OtŽy$ts}†
x!x!tc~-v
r£€0ts‹s|gvH}z~$ƒÝ“p!vM~-€0x–‚‡~-vH”1vH}‚G{€-vH‚7~-Vt~7~-v)‚Gy0vH|gv
x!v~-vHy~-‚qA}!K’1~-v
r^€0ts‹s|gvH}z~-‚g~-Vtc~
t€-v%|tc¬K|tsK’m‚Gtc€-v$xmw[’
vHKK|gK}Vtc~-K}!‹Ž~-qs‚Gv5r£€0ts‹A|gv}[~-‚‘~-Vtc~ftc€-v3}!qs~f|t¬!K|tc’g‚Gtc€-v$xƒ
“pK‚Ž‚Žx!qs}vwz’'y0vy§[K}‹QuT!v~-v€h~-v€-vupts‚EtQ£t€-‹Av€Er^€0ts‹c†
|gvH}z~huTKyXts‚gtcK€-vHtAx’XwdvvH}1x!v~-vHy~-v$xk~-Vtc~EyHqA}z~0tc}!v$xk~-v
ts}!yHvH‚‡~-qc€-‚fqsr¢tcKV~-vO}!q[x!vH‚;}g~-!vOyH{€G€-vH}z~p‹s€-qs{”)ts}x)}!qŽqc~-v€
}q[xvH‚HƒŽ­Pr‘‚G{y0'tr^€0ts‹s|gvH}z~eVtc‚ets€-v$tsx’wdvHvH}ºx!v~-vHy~-v$xœ~-!vH}
~-K‚5‚5}qc~et7|tc¬K|tsK’Q‚Gtc€-v$xQr£€0ts‹A|gv}[~Ots}xQvH}!yHvh}qs~Ox!v†
yHtc€-vHxtc‚Otgy$tc}Vx£x!tc~-ver^€0tc‹A|gvH}z~$ƒ Î ~-!v€GuTK‚GvŽ~5K‚OxvHyHtc€-v$x=tc‚
t5r£€0ts‹A|gv}[~$œnts}x7tsK!~-!vf}q[xvH‚+}Ž~-vf‹s€-qs{”gt€-vp€-vH|gqŒnv$xr^€-qA|
~-vO}q[x!v‚?”dqzqs˜ƒ
4.2 Detecting L-P Fragments
™kv3x!v~-vHy~?~-!vІPÔ1r£€0ts‹s|gvH}z~-‚?wz’)yHqs|g”Vtc€-K}!‹gx!®v€-vH}z~TŒnv€G†
‚GKqA}!‚gqsrOts€-v$tAx[’1v¬‚‡~-K}!‹ºy$tc}Vx£x!tc~-v)r^€0ts‹s|gvH}z~-‚Q —upvwm”ts‹Av‚0¡
ts}xkx!vH}z~-r^’K}‹%~-vy0Vtc}‹Av‚EqzyHyH{€G€-K}‹ºts|gqA}!‹Q~-v)x!®v€-v}[~
Œnv€-‚GKqs}‚Hƒ
“pvM}!”{~7~-qº~-!‚)tc‹sqs€-~-|
K‚)tº‚Gv~qsrŠ ª ~G€-vHvH‚gyHqc€G€-v†
‚G”dqA}x!K}‹1~-q_x!®v€-v}[~QŒnv€-‚GKqA}!‚qcr7upvwڔVtc‹AvH‚Hƒ “p!vH‚GvkŒnv€G†
‚GKqA}!‚M|tH’1wdvQ~-|gv†P‚G”tsyHvHxÝqs€
Œnv€-‚GKqA}!‚
‹svH}v€0tc~-v$xÝuT~-Üx!r£†
r—v€-vH}z~5yqzqA§[KvH‚Hƒ
“pvh}q[xvH‚3qcrL~-!vEŠ ª ~G€-vHv‚3K}=~-!K‚3tsK‹sqs€-~-|ßVt$ŒnvŽts}tAx[†
ö [ícëõ‡ézõ œsuTKyŽy$ts}Ž~0ts§nvftc}z’
x!~-KqA}ts¤VvHxh~-v€-|gv$xŽtc‚¢~-
v æ 3óé[æê
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é dí3óé[ædê
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æ 3óé[ædê
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‚‡~-vH”'ts}Vxºx!v~-vy~-‚ІPÔÜy$ts}x!xt~-vEr^€0tc‹A|gvH}z~-‚HƒÑLtsy0'‚‡~-vH”ºqA{~G†
”{~-‚?tE‚Gv~5qsr+y$tc}Vx!x!tc~-ver^€0tc‹A|gvH}z~-‚HœuT!Ky%t€-v|gv€-‹Av$x~-qgqAw†
~0tsK}Ü~-v Î w[¯‡vHy~ © vH”dvH}x!vH}!y’ 5€0tc” ÎO© e¡)qcrŽ~-!vºv}[~-€-v
x!qzy{|gvH}z~$ƒ Î w¯/vHy~ © v”dvH}VxvH}y’ 5€0ts”ùš !ŸhK‚=tm‹s€0tc”!yHts
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5.
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION
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7.
Þ ßàEáAâREFERENCES
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