KAD5512HP ® Data Sheet December 5, 2008 High Performance 12-Bit, 250/210/170/125MSPS ADC FN6808.0 Features The KAD5512HP is the high-performance member of the KAD5512 family of 12-bit analog-to-digital converters. Designed with Intersil’s proprietary FemtoCharge™ technology on a standard CMOS process, the family supports sampling rates of up to 250MSPS. The KAD5512HP is part of a pin-compatible portfolio of 10, 12 and 14-bit A/Ds with sample rates ranging from 125MSPS to 500MSPS. A serial peripheral interface (SPI) port allows for extensive configurability, as well as fine control of various parameters such as gain and offset. • Pin-Compatible with the KAD5512P Family, Offering 2.5dB Higher SNR • Programmable Gain, Offset and Skew control • 950MHz Analog Input Bandwidth • 60fs Clock Jitter • Over-Range Indicator • Selectable Clock Divider: ÷1, ÷2 or ÷4 • Clock Phase Selection • Nap and Sleep Modes • Two’s Complement, Gray Code or Binary Data Format Digital output data is presented in selectable LVDS or CMOS formats. The KAD5512HP is available in 72- and 48-contact QFN packages with an exposed paddle. Operating from a 1.8V supply, performance is specified over the full industrial temperature range (-40°C to +85°C). • DDR LVDS-Compatible or LVCMOS Outputs • Programmable Built-in Test Patterns • Single-Supply 1.8V Operation • Pb-Free (RoHS Compliant) Key Specifications Applications • SNR = 67.2dBFS for fIN = 124MHz (-1dBFS) • SFDR = 81dBc for fIN = 124MHz (-1dBFS) • Power Amplifier Linearization • Power Consumption - 407/324mW @ 250/125MSPS (SDR Mode) - 368/288mW @ 250/125MSPS (DDR Mode) • Radar and Satellite Antenna Array Processing • High-Performance Data Acquisition • Communications Test Equipment OVDD CLKDIV AVDD CLKP • Broadband Communications CLKOUTP Clock Generation CLKN • WiMAX and Microwave Receivers RESOLUTION SPEED (MSPS) KAD5514P-25 14 250 KAD5514P-21 14 210 KAD5514P-17 14 170 ORN KAD5514P-12 14 125 OUTFMT KAD5512P-50 12 500 KAD5512P-25, KAD5512HP-25 12 250 KAD5512P-21, KAD5512HP-21 12 210 KAD5512P-17, KAD5512HP-17 12 170 KAD5512P-12, KAD5512HP-12 12 125 KAD5510P-50 10 500 CLKOUTN D[11:0]P 12-bit 250 MSPS ADC VINN VCM + – AVSS NAPSLP 1.25 V SPI Control CSB SCLK SDIO SDO SHA 1 MODEL D[11:0]N Digital Error Correction ORP LVDS/CMOS Drivers OUTMODE OVSS VINP Pin-Compatible Family CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures. 1-888-INTERSIL or 1-888-468-3774 | Intersil (and design) is a registered trademark of Intersil Americas Inc. FemtoCharge is a trademark of Kenet Inc. Copyright Intersil Americas Inc. 2008. All Rights Reserved All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. KAD5512HP Ordering Information SPEED (MSPS) TEMP. RANGE (°C) KAD5512HP-25Q72 (Note 2) 250 -40 to +85 72 Ld QFN L72.10X10D KAD5512HP-21Q72 (Note 2) 210 -40 to +85 72 Ld QFN L72.10X10D KAD5512HP-17Q72 (Note 2) 170 -40 to +85 72 Ld QFN L72.10X10D KAD5512HP-12Q72 (Note 2) 125 -40 to +85 72 Ld QFN L72.10X10D KAD5512HP-25Q48 (Note 1) 250 -40 to +85 48 Ld QFN L48.7X7E KAD5512HP-21Q48 (Note 1) 210 -40 to +85 48 Ld QFN L48.7X7E KAD5512HP-17Q48 (Note 1) 170 -40 to +85 48 Ld QFN L48.7X7E KAD5512HP-12Q48 (Note 1) 125 -40 to +85 48 Ld QFN L48.7X7E PART NUMBER PACKAGE (Pb-Free) PKG. DWG. # NOTES: 1. These Intersil Pb-free plastic packaged products employ special Pb-free material sets, molding compounds/die attach materials, and 100% matte tin plate plus anneal (e3 termination finish, which is RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations). Intersil Pb-free products are MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD020. 2. These Intersil Pb-free plastic packaged products employ special Pb-free material sets; molding compounds/die attach materials and NiPdAu plate - e4 termination finish, which is RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations. Intersil Pb-free products are MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020. 2 FN6808.0 December 5, 2008 KAD5512HP Table of Contents Absolute Maximum Ratings ......................................... 4 Serial Peripheral Interface ........................................... 19 Thermal Information...................................................... 4 SPI Physical Interface................................................ SPI Configuration....................................................... Device Information ..................................................... Indexed Device Configuration/Control ....................... Global Device Configuration/Control.......................... Device Test ................................................................ SPI Memory Map ....................................................... Electrical Specifications ............................................... 4 Digital Specifications .................................................... 6 Timing Diagrams ........................................................... 6 Switching Specifications .............................................. 7 Thermal Impedance....................................................... 7 ESD ................................................................................. 7 Pinout/Package Information......................................... 8 Pin Descriptions - 72QFN........................................... Pinout ......................................................................... Pin Descriptions - 48QFN........................................... Pinout ......................................................................... 8 9 10 11 21 21 21 22 23 24 25 Equivalent Circuits ....................................................... 26 Layout Considerations................................................. 27 Split Ground and Power Planes................................. Clock Input Considerations ........................................ Exposed Paddle......................................................... Bypass and Filtering .................................................. LVDS Outputs ............................................................ LVCMOS Outputs ...................................................... Unused Inputs............................................................ 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 Typical Performance Curves ........................................ 12 Definitions ..................................................................... 27 Theory of Operation ...................................................... 15 Revision History ........................................................... 28 Functional Description ................................................ Power-On Calibration ................................................. User-Initiated Reset.................................................... Analog Input ............................................................... Clock Input ................................................................. Jitter............................................................................ Voltage Reference...................................................... Digital Outputs ............................................................ Over-Range Indicator ................................................. Power Dissipation....................................................... Nap/Sleep................................................................... Data Format ............................................................... Package Outline Drawings........................................... 29 L48.7x7E.................................................................... 29 L72.10x10D................................................................ 30 3 15 15 16 16 17 18 18 18 18 18 18 19 FN6808.0 December 5, 2008 KAD5512HP Absolute Maximum Ratings Thermal Information AVDD to AVSS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.4V to 2.1V OVDD to OVSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.4V to 2.1V AVSS to OVSS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to 0.3V Analog Inputs to AVSS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.4V to AVDD + 0.3V Clock Inputs to AVSS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.4V to AVDD + 0.3V Logic Input to AVSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.4V to OVDD + 0.3V Logic Inputs to OVSS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.4V to OVDD + 0.3V Operating Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to +85°C Storage Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-65°C to +150°C Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +150°C CAUTION: Do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. Exposure to such conditions may adversely impact product reliability and result in failures not covered by warranty. Electrical Specifications All specifications apply under the following conditions unless otherwise noted: AVDD = 1.8V, OVDD = 1.8V, TA = -40°C to +85°C (typical specifications at +25°C), AIN = -1dBFS, fSAMPLE = Maximum Conversion Rate (per speed grade). KAD5512HP-25 PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS KAD5512HP-21 KAD5512HP-17 KAD5512HP-12 MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX UNITS 1.40 1.47 1.54 1.40 1.47 1.54 1.40 1.47 1.54 1.40 1.47 1.54 DC SPECIFICATIONS (Note 3) Analog Input VFS Differential Input Resistance RIN Differential 500 500 500 500 Ω Input Capacitance CIN Differential 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 pF Full Scale Range Temp. Drift AVTC Full Temp 90 90 90 90 ppm/°C Input Offset Voltage VOS Full-Scale Analog Input Range Gain Error Common-Mode Output Voltage -10 ±2 10 -10 ±2 10 -10 ±2 10 -10 ±2 10 VP-P mV EG ±2 ±2 ±2 ±2 % VCM 0.535 0.535 0.535 0.535 V Power Requirements 1.8V Analog Supply Voltage AVDD 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.9 V 1.8V Digital Supply Voltage OVDD 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.9 V 1.8V Analog Supply Current IAVDD 158 167 146 155 133 142 118 126 mA 1.8V Digital Supply Current (SDR) (Note 3) IOVDD 3mA LVDS 68 76 66 74 64 72 62 70 mA 1.8V Digital Supply Current (DDR) (Note 3) IOVDD 3mA LVDS 46 44 43 42 mA Power Supply Rejection Ratio PSRR 30MHz, 200mVP-P signal on AVDD -36 -36 -36 -36 dB Power Dissipation Normal Mode (SDR) PD 3mA LVDS 407 438 382 413 355 386 324 353 mW Normal Mode (DDR) PD 3mA LVDS 368 301 342 279 317 256 288 227 mW Nap Mode PD 134 146 129 140 124 136 114 128 mW Sleep Mode PD 14 16 13 15 12 14 12 13 mW AC SPECIFICATIONS (Note 4) Differential Nonlinearity DNL Integral Nonlinearity INL -1 ±0.6 ±1.3 4 -1 ±0.6 ±1.3 -1 ±0.6 ±1.4 -1 ±0.6 LSB ±2.0 LSB FN6808.0 December 5, 2008 KAD5512HP Electrical Specifications All specifications apply under the following conditions unless otherwise noted: AVDD = 1.8V, OVDD = 1.8V, TA = -40°C to +85°C (typical specifications at +25°C), AIN = -1dBFS, fSAMPLE = Maximum Conversion Rate (per speed grade). (Continued) KAD5512HP-25 PARAMETER SYMBOL Minimum Conversion Rate (Note 5) fS MIN Maximum Conversion Rate fS MAX Signal-to-Noise Ratio SNR CONDITIONS SINAD 250 ENOB SFDR IMD Channel to Channel Isolation MAX MIN TYP 40 210 MAX MIN TYP 40 170 MAX UNITS 40 125 MSPS MSPS 68.0 68.4 66.7 dBFS fIN = 70MHz 67.4 67.8 68.3 68.6 dBFS 68.2 dBFS 68.0 dBFS 65.0 67.2 65.5 67.6 66.2 66.7 66.9 fIN = 400MHz 65.9 65.3 dBFS fIN = 995MHz 62.2 61.2 dBFS fIN = 10MHz 67.2 67.7 68 68.3 dBFS fIN = 70MHz 67.1 67.5 68 68.3 dBFS 67.6 dBFS 68.3 dBFS 64.5 66.6 67.6 68.0 fIN = 230MHz 65 67 68.0 65.7 66.2 66.4 fIN = 400MHz 64.4 64.3 dBFS fIN = 995MHz 55.0 57.0 dBFS fIN = 10MHz 10.9 11 11 11.1 Bits fIN = 70MHz 10.9 10.9 11 11.1 Bits 10.9 Bits 11.1 Bits 10.4 10.8 67.9 67.4 fIN = 230MHz 10.5 10.8 68.3 10.6 10.7 10.7 fIN = 400MHz 10.4 10.4 Bits fIN = 995MHz 8.8 9.2 Bits fIN = 10MHz 85 84 85 84 dBc fIN = 70MHz 84 83 82 82 dBc 77 dBc 76 dBc 70 83 11 10.9 fIN = 230MHz fIN = 105MHz Intermodulation Distortion TYP KAD5512HP-12 67.5 fIN = 105MHz Spurious-Free Dynamic Range MAX MIN KAD5512HP-17 fIN = 10MHz fIN = 105MHz Effective Number of Bits (Note 4) TYP 40 fIN = 105MHz Signal-to-Noise and Distortion MIN KAD5512HP-21 70 80 70 78 77 fIN = 400MHz 71 78 dBc fIN = 995MHz 57 60 dBc fIN = 70MHz -91.5 -96.5 dBFS fIN = 170MHz -86.5 -93 dBFS fIN = 10MHz 90 90 90 90 dB fIN = 124MHz 90 90 90 90 dB 10-12 10-12 10-12 950 950 950 Word Error Rate WER Full Power Bandwidth FPBW 950 76 70 fIN = 230MHz 10-12 77 11.1 MHz NOTES: 3. Digital Supply Current is dependent upon the capacitive loading of the digital outputs. IOVDD specifications apply for 10pF load on each digital output. 4. AC Specifications apply after internal calibration of the ADC is invoked at the given sample rate and temperature. Refer to “Power-On Calibration” on page 15 and “User-Initiated Reset” on page 16 for more details. 5. The DLL Range setting must be changed for low speed operation. See “Serial Peripheral Interface” on page 19 for more detail. 5 FN6808.0 December 5, 2008 KAD5512HP Digital Specifications PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS INPUTS Input Current High (RESETN) IIH VIN = 1.8V Input Current Low (RESETN) IIL VIN = 0V Input Current High (OUTMODE, NAP/SLP, CLKDIV, OUTFMT) Input Current Low (OUTMODE, NAP/SLP, CLKDIV, OUTFMT) Input Capacitance 0 1 10 µA -25 -12 -5 µA IIH 15 25 40 µA IIL -40 25 -15 µA CDI 3 pF LVDS OUTPUTS Differential Output Voltage Output Offset Voltage VT 3mA Mode VOS 3mA Mode 620 950 mVP-P 965 980 mV Output Rise Time tR 500 ps Output Fall Time tF 500 ps OVDD - 0.1 V CMOS OUTPUTS Voltage Output High VOH IOH = -500µA Voltage Output Low VOL IOL = 1mA OVDD - 0.3 0.1 0.3 V Output Rise Time tR 1.8 ns Output Fall Time tF 1.4 ns Timing Diagrams Sample N Sample N INP INP INN INN tA tA CLKN CLKP CLKN CLKP tC PD Latency = L Cycles tC PD CLKOUTN CLKOUTP tD C tP D D[10/8/6/4/2/0]P D[10/8/6/4/2/0]N Odd Bits N-L Even Bit s N-L Latency = L Cycles CLKOUTN CLKOUTP Odd Bits N-L+1 Even Bits N-L+1 Odd Bits N-L+2 Even Bi ts N-L+2 Odd Bi ts N tDC tPD D[11:0]P D[11:0]N Data N-L FIGURE 1A. DDR Dat a N-L+1 Dat a N FIGURE 1B. SDR FIGURE 1. LVDS TIMING DIAGRAMS Sample N Sample N INP INP INN INN tA tA CLKN CLKP CLKN CLKP tC PD tCP D Latency = L Cycles CLKOUT CLKOUT tDC tPD tDC tPD D[10/8/6/4/2/0] Latency = L Cycles Odd Bits N-L Ev en Bits N-L Odd Bit s N-L+1 Even Bi ts N-L+1 Odd Bits N-L+2 Ev en Bits N-L+2 Odd Bits N D[11:0] FIGURE 2A. DDR Data N-L Data N-L+1 Data N FIGURE 2B. SDR FIGURE 2. CMOS TIMING DIAGRAM 6 FN6808.0 December 5, 2008 KAD5512HP Switching Specifications PARAMETER CONDITION SYMBOL MIN TYP MAX UNITS ADC OUTPUT Aperture Delay tA 375 ps RMS Aperture Jitter jA 60 fs Output Clock to Data Propagation Delay, LVDS Mode Output Clock to Data Propagation Delay, CMOS Mode DDR Rising Edge tDC -260 -50 120 ps DDR Falling Edge tDC -160 10 230 ps SDR Falling Edge tDC -260 -40 230 ps DDR Rising Edge tDC -220 -10 200 ps DDR Falling Edge tDC -310 -90 110 ps SDR Falling Edge tDC -310 -50 200 ps Latency (Pipeline Delay) Overvoltage Recovery L 8.5 cycles tOVR 1 cycles SPI INTERFACE (Notes 6, 7) SCLK Period Write Operation t CLK 64 ns Read Operation tCLK 264 ns SCLK Duty Cycle (tHI/tCLK or tLO/tCLK) Read or Write SCLK↑ to CSB↓ Setup Time Read or Write tS -4 ns SCLK↑ to CSB↑ Hold Time Read or Write tH -12 ns SCLK↑ to Data Setup Time Read or Write tDS -4 ns SCLK↑ to Data Hold Time Read or Write tDH -12 ns 25 50 75 % NOTES: 6. SPI Interface timing is directly proportional to the ADC sample period (tS). Values above reflect multiples of a 4ns sample period, and must be scaled proportionally for lower sample rates. 7. The SPI may operate asynchronously with respect to the ADC sample clock. Thermal Impedance PARAMETER SYMBOL Junction to Ambient (Note 8) θJA 48 LD QFN 72 LD QFN TYP TYP 35 27 UNIT °C/W NOTE: 8. Paddle soldered to ground plane. ESD Electrostatic charge accumulates on humans, tools and equipment and may discharge through any metallic package contacts (pins, balls, exposed paddle, etc.) of an integrated circuit. Industry-standard protection techniques have been utilized in the design of this product. However, reasonable care must be taken in the storage and handling of ESD sensitive products. Contact Intersil for the specific ESD sensitivity rating of this product. 7 FN6808.0 December 5, 2008 KAD5512HP Pinout/Package Information Pin Descriptions - 72QFN PIN NUMBER LVDS [LVCMOS] NAME 1, 6, 12, 19, 24, 71 AVDD 1.8V Analog Supply 2-5, 13, 14, 17, 18, 28-31 DNC Do Not Connect 7, 8, 11, 72 AVSS Analog Ground 9, 10 VINN, VINP 15 VCM 16 CLKDIV 20, 21 CLKP, CLKN Clock Input True, Complement 22 OUTMODE Output Mode (LVDS, LVCMOS) 23 NAPSLP Power Control (Nap, Sleep modes) 25 RESETN Power On Reset (Active Low) 26, 45, 55, 65 OVSS Output Ground 27, 36, 56 OVDD 1.8V Output Supply 32, 33 D0N, D0P [NC, D0] LVDS Bit 0 (LSB) Output Complement, True [NC, LVCMOS Bit 0] 34, 35 D1N, D1P [NC, D1] LVDS Bit 1 Output Complement, True [NC, LVCMOS Bit 1] 37, 38 D2N, D2P [NC, D2] LVDS Bit 2 Output Complement, True [NC, LVCMOS Bit 2] 39, 40 D3N, D3P [NC, D3] LVDS Bit 3 Output Complement, True [NC, LVCMOS Bit 3] 41, 42 D4N, D4P [NC, D4] LVDS Bit 4 Output Complement, True [NC, LVCMOS Bit 4] 43, 44 D5N, D5P [NC, D5] LVDS Bit 5 Output Complement, True [NC, LVCMOS Bit 5] 46 RLVDS 47, 48 LVDS [LVCMOS] FUNCTION Analog Input Negative, Positive Common Mode Output Clock Divider Control LVDS Bias Resistor (connect to OVSS with a 10kΩ, 1% resistor) CLKOUTN, CLKOUTP [NC, CLKOUT] LVDS Clock Output Complement, True [NC, LVCMOS CLKOUT] 49, 50 D6N, D6P [NC, D6] LVDS Bit 6 Output Complement, True [NC, LVCMOS Bit 6] 51, 52 D7N, D7P [NC, D7] LVDS Bit 7 Output Complement, True [NC, LVCMOS Bit 7] 53, 54 D8N, D8P [NC, D8] LVDS Bit 8 Output Complement, True [NC, LVCMOS Bit 8] 57, 58 D9N, D9P [NC, D9] LVDS Bit 9 Output Complement, True [NC, LVCMOS Bit 9] 59, 60 D10N, D10P [NC, D10] LVDS Bit 10 Output Complement, True [NC, LVCMOS Bit 10] 61, 62 D11N, D11P [NC, D11] LVDS Bit 11(MSB) Output Complement, True [NC, LVCMOS Bit 11] 63, 64 ORN, ORP [NC, OR] LVDS Over Range Complement, True [NC, LVCMOS Over Range] 66 SDO SPI Serial Data Output (4.7kΩ pull-up to OVDD is required) 67 CSB SPI Chip Select (active low) 68 SCLK SPI Clock 69 SDIO SPI Serial Data Input/Output 70 OUTFMT Exposed Paddle AVSS Output Data Format (Two’s Comp., Gray Code, Offset Binary) Analog Ground NOTE: LVCMOS Output Mode Functionality is shown in brackets (NC = No Connection) 8 FN6808.0 December 5, 2008 KAD5512HP Pinout 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 AVSS AVDD OUTFMT SDIO SCLK CSB SDO OVSS ORP ORN D11P D11N D10P D10N D9P D9N OVDD OVSS KAD5512HP (72 LD QFN) TOP VIEW 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 KAD5512 72 QFN Top View Not to Scale 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 D8P D8N D7P D7N D6P D6N CLKOUTP CLKOUTN RLVDS OVSS D5P D5N D4P D4N D3P D3N D2P D2N AVDD CLKP CLKN OUTMODE NAPSLP AVDD RESETN OVSS OVDD DNC DNC DNC DNC D0N D0P D1N D1P OVDD 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 AVDD DNC DNC DNC DNC AVDD AVSS AVSS VINN VINP AVSS AVDD DNC DNC VCM CLKDIV DNC DNC FIGURE 3. 72QFN PIN CONFIGURATION 9 FN6808.0 December 5, 2008 KAD5512HP Pin Descriptions - 48QFN PIN NUMBER LVDS [LVCMOS] NAME 1, 9, 13, 17, 47 AVDD 1.8V Analog Supply 2-4, 11, 21, 22 DNC Do Not Connect 5, 8, 12, 48 AVSS Analog Ground 6, 7 VINN, VINP 10 VCM 14, 15 CLKP, CLKN 16 NAPSLP Power Control (Nap, Sleep modes) 18 RESETN Power On Reset (Active Low) 19, 29, 42 OVSS Output Ground 20, 37 OVDD 1.8V Output Supply 23, 24 D0N, D0P [NC, D0] LVDS Bit 0 (LSB) Output Complement, True [NC, LVCMOS Bit 0] 25, 26 D1N, D1P [NC, D1] LVDS Bit 1 Output Complement, True [NC, LVCMOS Bit 1] 27, 28 D2N, D2P [NC, D2] LVDS Bit 2 Output Complement, True [NC, LVCMOS Bit 2] 30 RLVDS 31, 32 LVDS [LVCMOS] FUNCTION Analog Input Negative, Positive Common Mode Output Clock Input True, Complement LVDS Bias Resistor (connect to OVSS with a 10kΩ, 1% resistor) CLKOUTN, CLKOUTP [NC, CLKOUT] LVDS Clock Output Complement, True [NC, LVCMOS CLKOUT] 33, 34 D3N, D3P [NC, D3] LVDS Bit 3 Output Complement, True [NC, LVCMOS Bit 3] 35, 36 D4N, D4P [NC, D4] LVDS Bit 4 Output Complement, True [NC, LVCMOS Bit 4] 38, 39 D5N, D5P [NC, D5] LVDS Bit 5 Output Complement, True [NC, LVCMOS Bit 5] 40, 41 ORN, ORP [NC, OR] 43 SDO SPI Serial Data Output (4.7kΩ pull-up to OVDD is required) 44 CSB SPI Chip Select (active low) 45 SCLK SPI Clock 46 SDIO SPI Serial Data Input/Output Exposed Paddle AVSS Analog Ground LVDS Over Range Complement, True [NC, LVCMOS Over Range] NOTE: LVCMOS Output Mode Functionality is shown in brackets (NC = No Connection) 10 FN6808.0 December 5, 2008 KAD5512HP Pinout 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 AVSS AVDD SDIO SCLK CSB SDO OVSS ORP ORN D5P D5N OVDD KAD5512HP (48 LD QFN) TOP VIEW 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 KAD5512 48 QFN Top View Not to Scale 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 D4P D4N D3P D3N CLKOUTP CLKOUTN RLVDS OVSS D2P D2N D1P D1N AVDD CLKP CLKN NAPSLP AVDD RESETN OVSS OVDD DNC DNC D0N D0P 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 AVDD DNC DNC DNC AVSS VINN VINP AVSS AVDD VCM DNC AVSS FIGURE 4. 48QFN PIN CONFIGURATION 11 FN6808.0 December 5, 2008 KAD5512HP Typical Performance Curves All Typical Performance Characteristics apply under the following conditions unless otherwise noted: AVDD = OVDD = 1.8V, TA = +25°C, AIN = -1dBFS, fIN = 105MHz, fSAMPLE = Maximum Conversion Rate (per speed grade). -50 SFDR @ 125MSPS 85 HD2 & HD3 MAGNITUDE (dBc) SNR (dBFS) & SFDR (dBc) 90 SFDR @ 250MSPS 80 75 SNR @ 125MSPS 70 65 60 SNR @ 250MSPS 55 -55 -60 HD3 @ 250MSPS -65 HD3 @ 125MSPS -70 -75 -80 HD2 @ 250MSPS -85 HD2 @ 125MSPS -90 50 0 200 400 600 800 0 1000 200 HD2 & HD3 MAGNITUDE -30 SNR & SFDR 80 70 SNRFS (dBFS) 60 50 SFDR (dBc) 40 SNR (dBc) 30 20 10 1000 HD3 (dBc) -40 -50 HD2 (dBc) -60 -70 HD3 (dBFS) -80 -90 -100 HD2 (dBFS) -110 0 -120 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 -70 -60 INPUT AMPLITUDE (dBFS) -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 220 250 INPUT AMPLITUDE (dBFS) FIGURE 7. SNR AND SFDR vs AIN FIGURE 8. HD2 AND HD3 vs AIN -60 HD2 & HD3 MAGNITUDE (dBc) 95.0 SNR (dBFS) & SFDR (dBc) 800 -20 SFDRFS (dBFS) 90 600 FIGURE 6. HD2 AND HD3 vs fIN FIGURE 5. SNR AND SFDR vs fIN 100 400 INPUT FREQUENCY (MHz) INPUT FREQUENCY (MHz) 90.0 SFDR 85.0 80.0 75.0 SNR 70.0 65.0 60.0 -70 HD3 -80 -90 HD2 -100 -110 -120 40 70 100 130 160 190 SAMPLE RATE (MSPS) FIGURE 9. SNR AND SFDR vs fSAMPLE 12 220 250 40 70 100 130 160 190 SAMPLE RATE (MSPS) FIGURE 10. HD2 AND HD3 vs fSAMPLE FN6808.0 December 5, 2008 KAD5512HP Typical Performance Curves All Typical Performance Characteristics apply under the following conditions unless otherwise noted: AVDD = OVDD = 1.8V, TA = +25°C, AIN = -1dBFS, fIN = 105MHz, fSAMPLE = Maximum Conversion Rate (per speed grade). (Continued) 1 .5 450 SDR 1 350 300 250 DDR 200 0 .5 D N L (L SBs) TOTAL POWER (mW) 400 150 0 -0 .5 100 -1 50 0 40 70 100 130 160 190 220 -1 .5 250 0 51 2 1 02 4 1 5 36 SAMPLE RATE (MSPS) 90 1 .5 85 SNR (dBFS) & SFDR (dBc) 2 IN L (LS Bs) 1 0 .5 0 -0 .5 -1 35 8 4 4 09 6 SFDR 80 75 70 SNR 65 60 55 -1 .5 0 51 2 1 02 4 1 5 36 20 48 2 56 0 CO DE 3 0 72 35 8 4 50 300 4 09 6 500 600 700 800 FIGURE 14. SNR AND SFDR vs VCM 0 80000 70000 A in = -1.0 dBFS S NR = 66. 9 d BFS S FDR = 88. 1 dBc S INA D = 6 6.8 dB FS -20 A M PLITU D E (d BF S ) 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 -40 -60 -80 -1 00 10000 0 2049 400 INPUT COMMON MODE (mV) FIGURE 13. INTEGRAL NONLINEARITY NUMBER OF HITS 3 0 72 FIGURE 12. DIFFERENTIAL NONLINEARITY FIGURE 11. POWER vs fSAMPLE IN 3mA LVDS MODE -2 20 48 2 56 0 CO DE 2050 2051 2052 CODE 2053 FIGURE 15. NOISE HISTOGRAM 13 2054 2055 -1 20 0 20 40 60 80 FR EQ U EN CY ( M Hz) 1 00 1 20 FIGURE 16. SINGLE-TONE SPECTRUM @ 10MHz FN6808.0 December 5, 2008 KAD5512HP Typical Performance Curves All Typical Performance Characteristics apply under the following conditions unless otherwise noted: AVDD = OVDD = 1.8V, TA = +25°C, AIN = -1dBFS, fIN = 105MHz, fSAMPLE = Maximum Conversion Rate (per speed grade). (Continued) 0 0 Ain = -1. 0 dBFS SNR = 6 6. 6 d B FS SFDR = 79. 8 d B c SINAD = 66.2 dBFS -40 -60 -80 -40 -60 -80 -1 00 -1 00 -1 20 0 20 40 60 80 FR EQ U EN CY ( M Hz) 1 00 -1 20 1 20 0 A M PLITU D E (d BF S ) 40 60 80 FR EQ U EN CY ( M Hz) 1 00 1 20 -40 -60 -80 A in = -1.1 dBFS S NR = 61. 9 d BFS S FDR = 52. 9 dBc S INA D = 5 2.7 dB FS -20 A M PLITU D E (d BF S ) A in = -1.0 dBFS S NR = 64. 0 d BFS S FDR = 73. 6 dBc S INA D = 6 3.6 dB FS -1 00 -40 -60 -80 -1 00 0 20 40 60 80 FR EQ U EN CY ( M Hz) 1 00 -1 20 1 20 FIGURE 19. SINGLE-TONE SPECTRUM @ 495MHz 0 20 40 60 80 FR EQ U EN CY ( M Hz) 1 00 1 20 FIGURE 20. SINGLE-TONE SPECTRUM @ 995MHz 0 0 IMD = -9 0. 3dBFS IMD = -8 6. 4dBFS -20 A M PLITU D E (d BF S ) -20 A M PLITU D E (d BF S ) 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -1 00 -1 20 0 FIGURE 18. SINGLE-TONE SPECTRUM @ 190MHz FIGURE 17. SINGLE-TONE SPECTRUM @ 137MHz -1 20 A in = -1.1 dBFS S NR = 66. 3 d BFS S FDR = 80. 9 dBc S INA D = 6 6.1 dB FS -20 A M PLIT U D E (d BF S ) A M PLIT U D E (d BF S ) -20 -40 -60 -80 -1 00 0 20 40 60 80 FR EQ U EN CY ( M Hz) 1 00 FIGURE 21. TWO-TONE SPECTRUM @ 70MHz 14 1 20 -1 20 0 20 40 60 80 FR EQ U EN CY ( M Hz) 1 00 1 20 FIGURE 22. TWO-TONE SPECTRUM @ 170MHz FN6808.0 December 5, 2008 KAD5512HP Theory of Operation Functional Description The KAD5512HP is based upon a 12-bit, 250MSPS A/D converter core that utilizes a pipelined successive approximation architecture (Figure 23). The input voltage is captured by a Sample-Hold Amplifier (SHA) and converted to a unit of charge. Proprietary charge-domain techniques are used to successively compare the input to a series of reference charges. Decisions made during the successive approximation operations determine the digital code for each input value. The converter pipeline requires six samples to produce a result. Digital error correction is also applied, resulting in a total latency of seven and one half clock cycles. This is evident to the user as a time lag between the start of a conversion and the data being available on the digital outputs. The KAD5512HP family offers 2.5dB improvement in SNR over the KAD5512P by simultaneously sampling the input signal with two ADC cores in parallel and summing the digital result. Since the input signal is correlated between the two cores and noise is not, an increase in SNR is achieved. As a result of this architecture, indexed SPI operations must be executed on each core in series. Refer to “Indexed Device Configuration/Control” on page 22 for more details. Power-On Calibration ramps and initiates the calibration when the analog and digital supply voltages are above a threshold. The following conditions must be adhered to for the power-on calibration to execute successfully: • A frequency-stable conversion clock must be applied to the CLKP/CLKN pins • DNC pins (especially 3, 4 and 18) must not be pulled up or down • SDO (pin 66) must be high • RESETN (pin 25) must begin low • SPI communications must not be attempted A user-initiated reset can subsequently be invoked in the event that the previous conditions cannot be met at power-up. The SDO pin requires an external 4.7kΩ pull-up to OVDD. If the SDO pin is pulled low externally during power-up, calibration will not be executed properly. After the power supply has stabilized the internal POR releases RESETN and an internal pull-up pulls it high, which starts the calibration sequence. If a subsequent user-initiated reset is required, the RESETN pin should be connected to an open-drain driver with a drive strength of less than 0.5mA. The ADC performs a self-calibration at start-up. An internal power-on-reset (POR) circuit detects the supply voltage Clock Generation INP SHA INN 1.25V + – 2.5-bit Flash 6-Stage 1.5-bit/stage 3-Stage 1-bit/stage 3-bit Flash Digital Error Correction LVDS/LVCMOS Outputs FIGURE 23. ADC CORE BLOCK DIAGRAM 15 FN6808.0 December 5, 2008 KAD5512HP While RESETN is low, the output clock (CLKOUTP/CLKOUTN) is set low. Normal operation of the output clock resumes at the next input clock edge (CLKP/CLKN) after RESETN is deasserted. At 250MSPS the nominal calibration time is 200ms, while the maximum calibration time is 550ms. over the operating range without recalibrating. The average change in SNR/SFDR is shown, relative to the +25°C value. 4 3 SNR CHANGE (dBFS The calibration sequence is initiated on the rising edge of RESETN, as shown in Figure 24. The over-range output (OR) is set high once RESETN is pulled low, and remains in that state until calibration is complete. The OR output returns to normal operation at that time, so it is important that the analog input be within the converter’s full-scale range to observe the transition. If the input is in an over-range condition the OR pin will stay high, and it will not be possible to detect the end of the calibration cycle. 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -40 -15 10 35 60 85 TEMPERATURE (°C) CLKN CLKP Calibration Time FIGURE 25. SNR PERFORMANCE vs TEMPERATURE AFTER +25°C CALIBRATION RESETN Calibration Begins 15 ORP CLKOUTP FIGURE 24. CALIBRATION TIMING SFDR CHANGE (dBc 10 Calibration Complete 5 0 -5 User-Initiated Reset -10 Recalibration of the ADC can be initiated at any time by driving the RESETN pin low for a minimum of one clock cycle. An open-drain driver with a drive strength of less than 0.5mA is recommended. As is the case during power-on reset, the SDO, RESETN and DNC pins must be in the proper state for the calibration to successfully execute. -15 The performance of the KAD5512HP changes with variations in temperature, supply voltage or sample rate. The extent of these changes may necessitate recalibration, depending on system performance requirements. Best performance will be achieved by recalibrating the ADC under the environmental conditions at which it will operate. A supply voltage variation of less than 100mV will generally result in an SNR change of less than 0.5dBFS and SFDR change of less than 3dBc. In situations where the sample rate is not constant, best results will be obtained if the device is calibrated at the highest sample rate. Reducing the sample rate by less than 80MSPS will typically result in an SNR change of less than 0.5dBFS and an SFDR change of less than 3dBc. Figures 25 and 26 show the effect of temperature on SNR and SFDR performance without recalibration. In each plot the ADC is calibrated at +25°C and temperature is varied 16 -40 -15 10 35 60 85 TEMPERATURE (° C) FIGURE 26. SFDR PERFORMANCE vs TEMPERATURE AFTER +25°C CALIBRATION Analog Input A single fully differential input (VINP/VINN) connects to the sample and hold amplifier (SHA) of each unit ADC. The ideal full-scale input voltage is 1.45V, centered at the VCM voltage of 0.535V as shown in Figure 27. 1.8 1.4 1.0 0.6 INN 0.725V INP VCM 0.535V 0.2 FIGURE 27. ANALOG INPUT RANGE FN6808.0 December 5, 2008 KAD5512HP Best performance is obtained when the analog inputs are driven differentially. The common-mode output voltage, VCM, should be used to properly bias the inputs as shown in Figures 28 through 30. An RF transformer will give the best noise and distortion performance for wideband and/or high intermediate frequency (IF) inputs. Two different transformer input schemes are shown in Figures 28 and 29. ADT1-1WT ADT1-1WT 1000pF KAD5512HP VCM A differential amplifier, as shown in Figure 30, can be used in applications that require DC-coupling. In this configuration the amplifier will typically dominate the achievable SNR and distortion performance. Clock Input The clock input circuit is a differential pair (see Figure 44). Driving these inputs with a high level (up to 1.8VP-P on each input) sine or square wave will provide the lowest jitter performance. A transformer with 4:1 impedance ratio will provide increased drive levels. The recommended drive circuit is shown in Figure 31. A duty range of 40% to 60% is acceptable. The clock can be driven single-ended, but this will reduce the edge rate and may impact SNR performance. The clock inputs are internally self-biased to AVDD/2 to facilitate AC-coupling. 0.1µF FIGURE 28. TRANSFORMER INPUT FOR GENERAL PURPOSE APPLICATIONS 200pF TC4-1W ADTL1-12 1000pF 200pF ADTL1-12 0.1µF 1000pF CLKP 200O Ω KAD5512HP 1000pF CLKN VCM 200pF FIGURE 29. TRANSMISSION-LINE TRANSFORMER INPUT FOR HIGH IF APPLICATIONS This dual transformer scheme is used to improve commonmode rejection, which keeps the common-mode level of the input matched to VCM. The value of the shunt resistor should be determined based on the desired load impedance. The differential input resistance of the KAD5512HP is 500Ω. The SHA design uses a switched capacitor input stage (see Figure 43), which creates current spikes when the sampling capacitance is reconnected to the input voltage. This causes a disturbance at the input which must settle before the next sampling point. Lower source impedance will result in faster settling and improved performance. Therefore a 1:1 transformer and low shunt resistance are recommended for optimal performance. Ω 348O Ω 69.8O Ω 25O Ω 100O 217O Ω KAD5512HP CM 0.22µF Ω 49.9O VCM 100O Ω Ω 25O 69.8O Ω Ω 348O 0.1µF FIGURE 31. RECOMMENDED CLOCK DRIVE A selectable 2x frequency divider is provided in series with the clock input. The divider can be used in the 2x mode with a sample clock equal to twice the desired sample rate. This allows the use of the Phase Slip feature, which enables synchronization of multiple ADCs. TABLE 1. CLKDIV PIN SETTINGS CLKDIV PIN DIVIDE RATIO AVSS 2 Float 1 AVDD 4 The clock divider can also be controlled through the SPI port, which overrides the CLKDIV pin setting. Details on this are contained in “Serial Peripheral Interface” on page 19. A delay-locked loop (DLL) generates internal clock signals for various stages within the charge pipeline. If the frequency of the input clock changes, the DLL may take up to 52µs to regain lock at 250MSPS. The lock time is inversely proportional to the sample rate. The DLL has two ranges of operation, slow and fast. The slow range can be used for sample rates between 40MSPS and 100MSPS, while the default fast range can be used from 80MSPS to the maximum specified sample rate. FIGURE 30. DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER INPUT 17 FN6808.0 December 5, 2008 KAD5512HP Jitter In a sampled data system, clock jitter directly impacts the achievable SNR performance. The theoretical relationship between clock jitter (tJ) and SNR is shown in Equation 1 and is illustrated in Figure 32. 1 SNR = 20 log 10 ⎛ --------------------⎞ ⎝ 2πf t ⎠ (EQ. 1) physical proximity to the ADC. The applicability of this setting is dependent upon the PCB layout, therefore the user should experiment to determine if performance degradation is observed. The output mode and LVDS drive current are selected via the OUTMODE pin as shown in Table 2. IN J TABLE 2. OUTMODE PIN SETTINGS 10 0 OUTMODE PIN MODE AVSS LVCMOS Float LVDS, 3mA AVDD LVDS, 2mA 95 tj=0.1p s 90 1 4 Bits SNR - dB 85 80 tj=1 ps 1 2 Bits 75 The output mode can also be controlled through the SPI port, which overrides the OUTMODE pin setting. Details on this are contained in “Serial Peripheral Interface” on page 19. 70 tj=1 0p s 65 60 10 Bits tj=1 00p s 55 50 1 10 100 10 00 Input Frequency - MHz FIGURE 32. SNR vs CLOCK JITTER This relationship shows the SNR that would be achieved if clock jitter were the only non-ideal factor. In reality, achievable SNR is limited by internal factors such as linearity, aperture jitter and thermal noise. Internal aperture jitter is the uncertainty in the sampling instant shown in Figure 1 on page 6. The internal aperture jitter combines with the input clock jitter in a root-sum-square fashion, since they are not statistically correlated, and this determines the total jitter in the system. The total jitter, combined with other noise sources, then determines the achievable SNR. Voltage Reference A temperature compensated voltage reference provides the reference charges used in the successive approximation operations. The full-scale range of each A/D is proportional to the reference voltage. The voltage reference is internally bypassed and is not accessible to the user. Digital Outputs Output data is available as a parallel bus in LVDS-compatible or CMOS modes. Additionally, the data can be presented in either double data rate (DDR) or single data rate (SDR) formats. The even numbered output bits are active in DDR mode. When CLKOUT is low the MSB and all odd bits are output, while on the high phase the LSB and all even bits are presented. Figures 1 and 2 show the timing relationships for LVDS/CMOS and DDR/SDR modes. The 48 Ld QFN package option contains six LVDS data outputs, and therefore can only support DDR mode. Additionally, the drive current for LVDS mode can be set to a nominal 3mA or a power-saving 2mA. The lower current setting can be used in designs where the receiver is in close 18 An external resistor creates the bias for the LVDS drivers. A 10kΩ, 1% resistor must be connected from the RLVDS pin to OVSS. Over-Range Indicator The over-range (OR) bit is asserted when the output code reaches positive full-scale (e.g. 0xFFF in offset binary mode). The output code does not wrap around during an over-range condition. The OR bit is updated at the sample rate. Power Dissipation The power dissipated by the KAD5512HP is primarily dependent on the sample rate and the output modes: LVDS vs CMOS and DDR vs SDR. There is a static bias in the analog supply, while the remaining power dissipation is linearly related to the sample rate. The output supply dissipation changes to a lesser degree in LVDS mode, but is more strongly related to the clock frequency in CMOS mode. Nap/Sleep Portions of the device may be shut down to save power during times when operation of the ADC is not required. Two power saving modes are available: Nap, and Sleep. Nap mode reduces power dissipation to less than 134mW and recovers to normal operation in approximately 1µs. Sleep mode reduces power dissipation to less than 14mW but requires 1ms to recover. All digital outputs (Data, CLKOUT and OR) are placed in a high impedance state during Nap or Sleep. The input clock should remain running and at a fixed frequency during Nap or Sleep. Recovery time from Nap mode will increase if the clock is stopped, since the internal DLL can take up to 52µs to regain lock at 250MSPS. By default after the device is powered on, the operational state is controlled by the NAPSLP pin as shown in Table 3. FN6808.0 December 5, 2008 KAD5512HP TABLE 3. NAPSLP PIN SETTINGS Gray Code NAPSLP PIN MODE AVSS Normal Float Sleep AVDD Nap 11 10 9 •••• 1 0 •••• The power-down mode can also be controlled through the SPI port, which overrides the NAPSLP pin setting. Details on this are contained in “Serial Peripheral Interface” on page 19. This is an indexed function when controlled from the SPI, but a global function when driven from the pin. •••• Data Format Output data can be presented in three formats: two’s complement, Gray code and offset binary. The data format is selected via the OUTFMT pin as shown in Table 4. Binary TABLE 4. OUTFMT PIN SETTINGS OUTFMT PIN MODE AVSS Offset Binary Float Two’s Complement AVDD Gray Code 9 •••• 1 0 •••• Gray Code 11 10 9 •••• 1 0 FIGURE 33. BINARY TO GRAY CODE CONVERSION Converting back to offset binary from Gray code must be done recursively, using the result of each bit for the next lower bit as shown in Figure 34. 19 •••• 1 0 TABLE 5. INPUT VOLTAGE TO OUTPUT CODE MAPPING When calculating Gray code, the MSB is unchanged. The remaining bits are computed as the XOR of the current bit position and the next most significant bit. Figure 33 shows this operation. 10 9 Mapping of the input voltage to the various data formats is shown in Table 5. Offset binary coding maps the most negative input voltage to code 0x000 (all zeros) and the most positive input to 0xFFF (all ones). Two’s complement coding simply complements the MSB of the offset binary representation. 11 10 FIGURE 34. GRAY CODE TO BINARY CONVERSION The data format can also be controlled through the SPI port, which overrides the OUTFMT pin setting. Details on this are contained in “Serial Peripheral Interface” on page 19. Binary 11 INPUT TWO’S VOLTAGE OFFSET BINARY COMPLEMENT GRAY CODE –Full Scale 000 00 000 00 00 100 00 000 00 00 000 00 000 00 00 –Full Scale 000 00 000 00 01 100 00 000 00 01 000 00 000 00 01 + 1LSB Mid–Scale 100 00 000 00 00 000 00 000 00 00 110 00 000 00 00 +Full Scale – 1LSB 111 11 111 11 10 011 11 111 11 10 100 00 000 00 01 +Full Scale 111 11 111 11 11 011 11 111 111 1 100 00 000 00 00 Serial Peripheral Interface A serial peripheral interface (SPI) bus is used to facilitate configuration of the device and to optimize performance. The SPI bus consists of chip select (CSB), serial clock (SCLK) serial data input (SDI) and serial data input/output (SDIO). The maximum SCLK rate is equal to the ADC sample rate (fSAMPLE) divided by 16 for write operations and fSAMPLE divided by 66 for reads. At fSAMPLE = 250MHz, maximum SCLK is 15.63MHz for writing and 3.79MHz for write operations. There is no minimum SCLK rate. The following sections describe various registers that are used to configure the SPI or adjust performance or functional parameters. Many registers in the available address space (0x00 to 0xFF) are not defined in this document. Additionally, within a defined register there may be certain bits or bit combinations that are reserved. Undefined registers and undefined values within defined registers are reserved and should not be selected. Setting any reserved register or value may produce indeterminate results. FN6808.0 December 5, 2008 KAD5512HP CSB SCLK SDIO R/W W1 W0 A12 A11 A10 A1 A0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 FIGURE 35. MSB-FIRST ADDRESSING CSB SCLK SDIO A0 A1 A2 A11 A12 W0 W1 R/W D0 D1 FIGURE 36. LSB-FIRST ADDRESSING tS tH t CLK tDS t HI t DH CSB t LO SCLK SDIO R/W W1 W0 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 FIGURE 37. INSTRUCTION/ADDRESS PHASE CSB Stalling CSB SCLK SDIO Instruction/Address Data Word 1 Data Word 2 FIGURE 38. 2-BYTE TRANSFER Last Legal CSB Stalling CSB SCLK SDIO Instruction/Address Data Word 1 Data Word N FIGURE 39. N-BYTE TRANSFER 20 FN6808.0 December 5, 2008 KAD5512HP SPI Physical Interface TABLE 6. BYTE TRANSFER SELECTION The serial clock pin (SCLK) provides synchronization for the data transfer. By default, all data is presented on the serial data input/output (SDIO) pin in three-wire mode. The state of the SDIO pin is set automatically in the communication protocol (described in the following). A dedicated serial data output pin (SDO) can be activated by setting 0x00[7] high to allow operation in four-wire mode. [W1:W0] BYTES TRANSFERRED 00 1 01 2 10 3 11 4 or more The SPI port operates in a half duplex master/slave configuration, with the KAD5512HP functioning as a slave. Multiple slave devices can interface to a single master in four-wire mode only, since the SDIO output of an unaddressed device is asserted in three wire mode. Figures 38 and 39 illustrate the timing relationships for 2-byte and N-byte transfers, respectively. The operation for a 3-byte transfer can be inferred from these diagrams. SPI Configuration ADDRESS 0X00: CHIP_PORT_CONFIG The chip-select bar (CSB) pin determines when a slave device is being addressed. Multiple slave devices can be written to concurrently, but only one slave device can be read from at a given time (again, only in four-wire mode). If multiple slave devices are selected for reading at the same time, the results will be indeterminate. Bit ordering and SPI reset are controlled by this register. Bit order can be selected as MSB to LSB (MSB first) or LSB to MSB (LSB first) to accommodate various microcontrollers. The communication protocol begins with an instruction/address phase. The first rising SCLK edge following a high-to-low transition on CSB determines the beginning of the two-byte instruction/address command. Data can be presented in MSB-first order or LSB-first order. The default is MSB-first, but this can be changed by setting 0x00[6] high. Figures 35 and 36 show the appropriate bit ordering for the MSB-first and LSB-first modes, respectively. In MSB-first mode the address is incremented for multi-byte transfers, while in LSB-first mode it’s decremented. Setting this bit high configures the SPI to interpret serial data as arriving in LSB to MSB order. In the default mode the MSB is R/W, which determines if the data is to be read (active high) or written. The next two bits, W1 and W0, determine the number of data bytes to be read or written (see Table 6). The lower 13 bits contain the first address for the data transfer. This relationship is illustrated in Figure 37, and timing values are given in “Switching Specifications” on page 7. After the instruction/address bytes have been read, the appropriate number of data bytes are written to or read from the ADC (based on the R/W bit status). The data transfer will continue as long as CSB remains low and SCLK is active. Stalling of the CSB pin is allowed at any byte boundary (instruction/address or data) if the number of bytes being transferred is three or less. For transfers of four bytes or more, CSB is allowed stall in the middle of the instruction/address bytes or before the first data byte. If CSB transitions to a high state after that point the state machine will reset and terminate the data transfer. Bit 7 SDO Active Bit 6 LSB First Bit 5 Soft Reset Setting this bit high resets all SPI registers to default values. Bit 4 Reserved This bit should always be set high. Bits 3:0 These bits should always mirror bits 4:7 to avoid ambiguity in bit ordering. ADDRESS 0X02: BURST_END If a series of sequential registers are to be set, burst mode can improve throughput by eliminating redundant addressing. In 3-wire SPI mode the burst is ended by pulling the CSB pin high. If the device is operated in 2-wire mode the CSB pin is not available. In that case, setting the burst_end address determines the end of the transfer. During a write operation, the user must be cautious to transmit the correct number of bytes based on the starting and ending addresses. Bits 7:0 Burst End Address This register value determines the ending address of the burst data. Device Information ADDRESS 0X08: CHIP_ID ADDRESS 0X09: CHIP_VERSION The generic die identifier and a revision number, respectively, can be read from these two registers. 21 FN6808.0 December 5, 2008 KAD5512HP Indexed Device Configuration/Control TABLE 8. COARSE GAIN ADJUSTMENT 0x22[3:0] NOMINAL COARSE GAIN ADJUST (%) ADDRESS 0X10: DEVICE_INDEX_A A common SPI map, which can accommodate single-channel or multi-channel devices, is used for all Intersil ADC products. Certain configuration commands (identified as Indexed in the SPI map) can be executed on a per-converter basis. This register determines which converter is being addressed for an Indexed command. It is important to note that only a single converter can be addressed at a time. This register defaults to 00h, indicating that no ADC is addressed. Error code ‘AD’ is returned if any indexed register is read from without properly setting device_index_A. ADDRESS 0X20: OFFSET_COARSE ADDRESS 0X21: OFFSET_FINE The input offset of each ADC core can be adjusted in fine and coarse steps. Both adjustments are made via an 8-bit word as detailed in Table 7. The default value of each register will be the result of the self-calibration after initial power-up. If a register is to be incremented or decremented, the user should first read the register value then write the incremented or decremented value back to the same register. TABLE 7. OFFSET ADJUSTMENTS 1100 4.2 1000 2.8 0100 1.4 0000 0.0 0001 -1.4 0010 -2.8 0011 -4.2 TABLE 9. MEDIUM AND FINE GAIN ADJUSTMENTS PARAMETER 0x23[7:0] MEDIUM GAIN 0x24[7:0] FINE GAIN Steps 256 256 –Full Scale (0x00) -2% -0.20% Mid–Scale (0x80) 0.00% 0.00% +Full Scale (0xFF) +2% +0.2% Nominal Step Size 0.016% 0.0016% ADDRESS 0X25: MODES Two distinct reduced power modes can be selected. By default, the tri-level NAPSLP pin can select normal operation, nap or sleep modes (refer to “Nap/Sleep” on page 18). This functionality can be overridden and controlled through the SPI. This is an indexed function when controlled from the SPI, but a global function when driven from the pin. This register is not changed by a Soft Reset. PARAMETER 0x20[7:0] COARSE OFFSET 0x21[7:0] FINE OFFSET Steps 255 255 –Full Scale (0x00) -133LSB (-47mV) -5LSB (-1.75mV) Mid–Scale (0x80) 0.0LSB (0.0mV) 0.0LSB +Full Scale (0xFF) +133LSB (+47mV) +5LSB (+1.75mV) VALUE Nominal Step Size 1.04LSB (0.37mV) 0.04LSB (0.014mV) 000 Pin Control 001 Normal Operation 010 Nap Mode 100 Sleep Mode ADDRESS 0X22: GAIN_COARSE ADDRESS 0X23: GAIN_MEDIUM TABLE 10. POWER-DOWN CONTROL 0x25[2:0] POWER-DOWN MODE ADDRESS 0X24: GAIN_FINE Gain of each ADC core can be adjusted in coarse, medium and fine steps. Coarse gain is a 4-bit adjustment while medium and fine are 8-bit. The default value of each register will be the result of the self-calibration after initial power-up. If a register is to be incremented or decremented, the user should first read the register value then write the incremented or decremented value back to the same register. 22 FN6808.0 December 5, 2008 KAD5512HP Global Device Configuration/Control ADDRESS 0X72: CLOCK_DIVIDE ADDRESS 0X70: SKEW_DIFF The KAD5512HP has a selectable clock divider that can be set to divide by four, two or one (no division). By default, the tri-level CLKDIV pin selects the divisor (refer to “Clock Input Considerations” on page 27). This functionality can be overridden and controlled through the SPI, as shown in Table 12. This register is not changed by a Soft Reset. The value in the skew_diff register adjusts the timing skew between the two ADCs cores. The nominal range and resolution of this adjustment are given in Table 11. The default value of this register after power-up is 80h. TABLE 11. DIFFERENTIAL SKEW ADJUSTMENT PARAMETER 0x70[7:0] DIFFERENTIAL SKEW Steps 256 –Full Scale (0x00) -6.5ps Mid–Scale (0x80) TABLE 12. CLOCK DIVIDER SELECTION VALUE 0x72[2:0] CLOCK DIVIDER 000 Pin Control 0.0ps 001 Divide by 1 +Full Scale (0xFF) +6.5ps 010 Divide by 2 Nominal Step Size 51fs 100 Divide by 4 ADDRESS 0X71: PHASE_SLIP ADDRESS 0X73: OUTPUT_MODE_A When using the clock divider, it’s not possible to determine the synchronization of the incoming and divided clock phases. This is particularly important when multiple ADCs are used in a time-interleaved system. The phase slip feature allows the rising edge of the divided clock to be advanced by one input clock cycle, as shown in Figures 40 and 41. This register is self-clearing. The output_mode_A register controls the physical output format of the data, as well as the logical coding. The KAD5512HP can present output data in two physical formats: LVDS or LVCMOS. Additionally, the drive strength in LVDS mode can be set high (3mA) or low (2mA). By default, the tri-level OUTMODE pin selects the mode and drive level (refer to “Digital Outputs” on page 18). This functionality can be overridden and controlled through the SPI, as shown in Table 13. CLK = CLKP – CLKN CLK 2. 00 ns CLK÷2 4.00 ns Data can be coded in three possible formats: two’s complement, Gray code or offset binary. By default, the tri-level OUTFMT pin selects the data format (refer to “Data Format” on page 19). This functionality can be overridden and controlled through the SPI, as shown in Table 14. This register is not changed by a Soft Reset. CLK÷2 Slip Once TABLE 13. OUTPUT MODE CONTROL CLK÷2 S lip Twice FIGURE 40. PHASE SLIP: CLK÷2 MODE, fCLOCK = 500MHz CLK = CLKP – CLKN VALUE 0x93[7:5] OUTPUT MODE 000 Pin Control 001 LVDS 2mA 010 LVDS 3mA 100 LVCMOS CLK 1. 00 ns TABLE 14. OUTPUT FORMAT CONTROL CLK÷4 4.00 ns CLK÷4 Slip Once CLK÷4 Slip Twice VALUE 0x93[2:0] OUTPUT FORMAT 000 Pin Control 001 Two’s Complement 010 Gray Code 100 Offset Binary FIGURE 41. PHASE SLIP: CLK÷4 MODE, fCLOCK = 1000MHz 23 FN6808.0 December 5, 2008 KAD5512HP ADDRESS 0X74: OUTPUT_MODE_B Device Test ADDRESS 0X75: CONFIG_STATUS The KAD5512HP can produce preset or user defined patterns on the digital outputs to facilitate in-situ testing. A static word can be placed on the output bus, or two different words can alternate. In the alternate mode, the values defined as Word 1 and Word 2 (as shown in Table 16) are set on the output bus on alternating clock phases. The test mode is enabled asynchronously to the sample clock, therefore several sample clock cycles may elapse before the data is present on the output bus. Bit 6 DLL Range This bit sets the DLL operating range to fast (default) or slow. Bit 4 DDR Enable Setting this bit enables Double Data-Rate mode. Internal clock signals are generated by a delay-locked loop (DLL), which has a finite operating range. Table 15 shows the allowable sample rate ranges for the slow and fast settings. ADDRESS 0XC0: TEST_IO Bits 7:6 User Test Mode These bits set the test mode to static (0x00) or alternate (0x01) mode. Other values are reserved. TABLE 15. DLL RANGES DLL RANGE MIN MAX UNIT Slow 40 100 MSPS Fast 80 fS MAX MSPS The four LSBs in this register (Output Test Mode) determine the test pattern in combination with registers 0xC2 through 0xC5. Refer to Table 17. TABLE 16. OUTPUT TEST MODES The output_mode_B and config_status registers are used in conjunction to enable DDR mode and select the frequency range of the DLL clock generator. The method of setting these options is different from the other registers. Read output_mode_B 0x74 Read config_status 0x75 Write to 0x74 Desired Value FIGURE 42. SETTING OUTPUT_MODE_B REGISTER The procedure for setting output_mode_B is shown in Figure 42. Read the contents of output_mode_B and config_status and XOR them. Then XOR this result with the desired value for output_mode_B and write that XOR result to the register. VALUE 0xC0[3:0] OUTPUT TEST MODE 0000 Off 0001 WORD 1 WORD 2 Midscale 0x8000 N/A 0010 Positive Full-Scale 0xFFFF N/A 0011 Negative Full-Scale 0x0000 N/A 0100 Checkerboard 0xAAAA 0x5555 0101 Reserved N/A N/A 0110 Reserved N/A N/A 0111 One/Zero 0xFFFF 0x0000 1000 User Pattern user_patt1 user_patt2 ADDRESS 0XC2: USER_PATT1_LSB ADDRESS 0XC3: USER_PATT1_MSB These registers define the lower and upper eight bits, respectively, of the first user-defined test word. ADDRESS 0XC4: USER_PATT2_LSB ADDRESS 0XC5: USER_PATT2_MSB These registers define the lower and upper eight bits, respectively, of the second user-defined test word. 24 FN6808.0 December 5, 2008 KAD5512HP SPI Memory Map Device Test Global Device Config/Control Indexed Device Config /Control Info SPI Config TABLE 17. SPI MEMORY MAP Addr (Hex) Parameter Name Bit 7 (MSB) 00 01 02 03-07 08 09 10 11-1F 20 21 22 23 24 25 port_config reserved burst_end reserved chip_id chip_version device_index_A reserved offset_coarse offset_fine gain_coarse gain_medium gain_fine modes SDO Active 26-5F 60-6F reserved reserved 70 71 reserved phase_slip 72 clock_divide 73 output_mode_A 74 output_mode_B 75 76-BF C0 config_status reserved test _io C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6-FF Reserved user_patt 1_lsb user_patt 1_msb user_patt 2_lsb user_patt 2_msb reserved Bit 6 Bit 5 LSB First Bit 4 Bit 3 Soft Reset Bit 2 Bit 1 Mirror (bit5) Mirror (bit6) Bit 0 (LSB) Mirror (bit7) Reserved Burst end address [7:0] Reserved Chip ID # Chip Version # Reserved Reserved ADC01 Reserved Coarse Offset Fine Offset Medium Gain Fine Gain ADC00 Def. Value Indexed/ (Hex) Global 00h G 00h G Read only Read only 00h G G I cal. value cal. value cal. value cal. value cal. value 00h NOT affected by Soft Reset Coarse Gain Power Down Mode [2:0] 000=Pin Control 001=Normal Operation 010=Nap 100=Sleep other codes=reserved I I I I I I Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Clock Divide [2:0] 000=Pin Control 001=divide by 1 010=divide by 2 100=divide by 4 other codes=reserved Output Format [2:0] 000=Pin Control 001=Twos Complement 010=Gray Code 100=Offset Binary other codes=reserved Output Mode [2:0] 000=Pin Control 001=LVDS 2mA 010=LVDS 3mA 100=LVCMOS other codes=reserved DLL Range 0=fast 1=slow DDR Enable XOR Result User Test M ode [2:0] 00=Single 01=Alt ernate 10=Single Once 11=Alt ernate Once Reset PN Long Gen B7 B15 B7 B15 B5 B13 B5 B13 25 B6 B14 B6 B14 Next Clock Edge XOR Result Reserved Reset PN Short Gen 0=Off Output Test Mode [3:0] 1=Midscale Short 2=+FS Short 3=- FS Short 4=Checker Board 5=reserved 6=reserved B4 B12 B4 B12 Reserved B3 B11 B3 B11 Reserved B2 B10 B2 B10 00h G 00h NOT affected by Soft Reset G 00h NOT affected by Soft Reset G 00h NOT affected by Soft Reset G Read Only G 00h G 00h 00h 00h 00h 00h G G G G G 7=One/Zero Word Togg le 8=User Input 9-15=reserved B1 B9 B1 B9 B0 B8 B0 B8 FN6808.0 December 5, 2008 KAD5512HP Equivalent Circuits AVDD To Clock-Phase Generation AVDD AVDD Csamp 1.6pF To Charge Pipeline INP AVDD Ω 11kO F3 Φ F2 Φ F Φ1 Ω 1000O CLKP 18kO Ω Csamp 1.6pF AVDD To Charge Pipeline INN Φ F2 Φ F1 Ω 18kO AVDD 11kO Ω F3 Φ CLKN FIGURE 43. ANALOG INPUTS AVDD FIGURE 44. CLOCK INPUTS AVDD AVDD AVDD AVDD Ω 75kO AVDD Ω 75kO To Sense Logic Ω 280O Input Ω 75kO 280O Ω To Logic Input 75kO Ω FIGURE 45. TRI-LEVEL DIGITAL INPUTS FIGURE 46. DIGITAL INPUTS OVDD 2mA or 3mA OVDD DATA DATA D[11:0]P OVDD OVDD D[11:0]N OVDD DATA DATA DATA D[11:0] 2mA or 3mA FIGURE 47. LVDS OUTPUTS 26 FIGURE 48. CMOS OUTPUTS FN6808.0 December 5, 2008 KAD5512HP Equivalent Circuits (Continued) AVDD VCM 0.535V + – FIGURE 49. VCM_OUT OUTPUT Layout Considerations Split Ground and Power Planes Data converters operating at high sampling frequencies require extra care in PC board layout. Many complex board designs benefit from isolating the analog and digital sections. Analog supply and ground planes should be laid out under signal and clock inputs. Locate the digital planes under outputs and logic pins. Grounds should be joined under the chip. floating if they are not used. Tri-level inputs (NAPSLP, OUTMODE, OUTFMT, CLKDIV) accept a floating input as a valid state, and therefore should be biased according to the desired functionality. Definitions Clock Input Considerations Analog Input Bandwidth is the analog input frequency at which the spectral output power at the fundamental frequency (as determined by FFT analysis) is reduced by 3dB from its full-scale low-frequency value. This is also referred to as Full Power Bandwidth. Use matched transmission lines to the transformer inputs for the analog input and clock signals. Locate transformers and terminations as close to the chip as possible. Aperture Delay or Sampling Delay is the time required after the rise of the clock input for the sampling switch to open, at which time the signal is held for conversion. Exposed Paddle Aperture Jitter is the RMS variation in aperture delay for a set of samples. The exposed paddle must be electrically connected to analog ground (AVSS) and should be connected to a large copper plane using numerous vias for optimal thermal performance. Clock Duty Cycle is the ratio of the time the clock wave is at logic high to the total time of one clock period. Differential Non-Linearity (DNL) is the deviation of any code width from an ideal 1 LSB step. Bypass and Filtering Bulk capacitors should have low equivalent series resistance. Tantalum is a good choice. For best performance, keep ceramic bypass capacitors very close to device pins. Longer traces will increase inductance, resulting in diminished dynamic performance and accuracy. Make sure that connections to ground are direct and low impedance. Avoid forming ground loops. LVDS Outputs Effective Number of Bits (ENOB) is an alternate method of specifying Signal to Noise-and-Distortion Ratio (SINAD). In dB, it is calculated as: ENOB = (SINAD - 1.76)/6.02 Gain Error is the ratio of the difference between the voltages that cause the lowest and highest code transitions to the full-scale voltage less 2 LSB. It is typically expressed in percent. Output traces and connections must be designed for 50Ω (100Ω differential) characteristic impedance. Keep traces direct and minimize bends where possible. Avoid crossing ground and power-plane breaks with signal traces. Integral Non-Linearity (INL) is the maximum deviation of the ADC’s transfer function from a best fit line determined by a least squares curve fit of that transfer function, measured in units of LSBs. LVCMOS Outputs Least Significant Bit (LSB) is the bit that has the smallest value or weight in a digital word. Its value in terms of input voltage is VFS/(2N-1) where N is the resolution in bits. Output traces and connections must be designed for 50Ω characteristic impedance. Unused Inputs Standard logic inputs (RESETN, CSB, SCLK, SDIO, SDO) which will not be operated do not require connection to ensure optimal ADC performance. These inputs can be left 27 Missing Codes are output codes that are skipped and will never appear at the ADC output. These codes cannot be reached with any input value. FN6808.0 December 5, 2008 KAD5512HP Most Significant Bit (MSB) is the bit that has the largest value or weight. Pipeline Delay is the number of clock cycles between the initiation of a conversion and the appearance at the output pins of the data. Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR) is the ratio of the observed magnitude of a spur in the ADC FFT, caused by an AC signal superimposed on the power supply voltage. Signal to Noise-and-Distortion (SINAD) is the ratio of the RMS signal amplitude to the RMS sum of all other spectral components below one half the clock frequency, including harmonics but excluding DC. Signal-to-Noise Ratio (without Harmonics) is the ratio of the RMS signal amplitude to the RMS sum of all other spectral components below one-half the sampling frequency, excluding harmonics and DC. SNR and SINAD are either given in units of dB when the power of the fundamental is used as the reference, or dBFS (dB to full scale) when the converter’s full-scale input power is used as the reference. Spurious-Free-Dynamic Range (SFDR) is the ratio of the RMS signal amplitude to the RMS value of the largest spurious spectral component. The largest spurious spectral component may or may not be a harmonic. Revision History DATE REVISION CHANGE 7/30/08 Rev 1 Initial Release of Production Datasheet 10/29/08 FN6808.0 Converted to intersil template. Assigned file number FN6808. Rev 0 - first release (as preliminary datasheet) with new file number. 12/5/08 FN6808.0 Applied Intersil Standards All Intersil U.S. products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9000 quality systems. Intersil Corporation’s quality certifications can be viewed at www.intersil.com/design/quality Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications at any time without notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries. For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com 28 FN6808.0 December 5, 2008 KAD5512HP Package Outline Drawing L48.7x7E 48 LEAD QUAD FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE Rev 0, 11/08 7.00 PIN 1 INDEX AREA PIN 1 INDEX AREA 4X 5.50 A 6 B 37 6 48 1 36 44X 0.50 Exp. DAP 5.60 Sq. 7.00 (4X) 12 25 0.15 24 13 48X 0.25 48X 0.40 TOP VIEW 4 0.10 M C A B BOTTOM VIEW SEE DETAIL "X" 0.90 Max C 0.10 C 0.08 C SEATING PLANE SIDE VIEW 44X 0.50 9.80 Sq C 0 . 2 REF 5 48X 0.25 5.60 Sq 0 . 00 MIN. 0 . 05 MAX. DETAIL "X" 48X 0.60 TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN NOTES: 1. Dimensions are in millimeters. Dimensions in ( ) for Reference Only. 2. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to AMSEY14.5m-1994. 3. Unless otherwise specified, tolerance : Decimal ± 0.05 4. Dimension b applies to the metallized terminal and is measured between 0.15mm and 0.30mm from the terminal tip. 5. Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature. 6. The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 identifier may be either a mold or mark feature. 29 FN6808.0 December 5, 2008 KAD5512HP Package Outline Drawing L72.10x10D 72 LEAD QUAD FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE Rev 1, 11/08 10.00 A 4X 8.50 PIN 1 INDEX AREA B 55 6 72 1 54 68X 0.50 Exp. DAP 6.00 Sq. 10.00 18 37 (4X) PIN 1 INDEX AREA 6 0.15 36 19 72X 0.24 72X 0.40 TOP VIEW 4 0.10 M C A B BOTTOM VIEW SEE DETAIL "X" 0.90 Max C 0.10 C 0.08 C SEATING PLANE 68X 0.50 SIDE VIEW 72X 0.24 9.80 Sq 6.00 Sq C 0 . 2 REF 5 0 . 00 MIN. 0 . 05 MAX. 72X 0.60 DETAIL "X" TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN NOTES: 1. Dimensions are in millimeters. Dimensions in ( ) for Reference Only. 2. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to AMSEY14.5m-1994. 3. Unless otherwise specified, tolerance : Decimal ± 0.05 4. Dimension b applies to the metallized terminal and is measured between 0.15mm and 0.30mm from the terminal tip. 5. Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature. 6. The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 identifier may be either a mold or mark feature. 30 FN6808.0 December 5, 2008