A6261 Datasheet

A6261
Protected LED Array Driver
FEATURES AND BENEFITS
DESCRIPTION
• AEC Q-100 qualified
• Total LED drive current up to 400 mA (LP, LJ, and LY
packages) or 300 mA (LJ)
• Current shared equally up to 100 mA by up to 4 strings
(LP and LY)
• 6 to 50 V supply
• Low dropout voltage
• LED output short-to-ground and thermal protection
• Disable on open LED detection option
• Enable input for PWM control
• Current slew rate limit during PWM
• Current set by reference resistor
• Automotive temperature range (K, –40°C to 150°C)
The A6261 is a linear, programmable current regulator providing
up to 100 mA from each of four outputs (LP and LY) to drive
arrays of high brightness LEDs. The regulated LED current
from each output, accurate to 5%, is set by a single reference
resistor. Current matching in each string is better than 10%
without the use of ballast resistors. Driving LEDs with constant
current ensures safe operation with maximum possible light
output. The A6261 in the LJ package offers two pins with
200 mA each channel (A6261LJ-1) and with 100 mA and
200 mA maximum output current (A6261LJ).
Packages
Short detection is provided to protect the LEDs and the A6261
during a short-to-ground at any LED output pin. An open LED
in any of the strings disables all outputs, but can be overridden.
Shorted LED output pins or open LEDs are indicated by a
fault flag.
8-pin SOICN with
exposed thermal
pad (suffix LJ)
Output control is provided by an enable input, giving direct
control for PWM applications. Outputs can be connected in
parallel or left unused as required.
A temperature monitor is included to reduce the LED drive
current if the chip temperature exceeds a thermal threshold.
10-pin MSOP with
exposed thermal
pad (suffix LY)
The device packages are an 8-pin SOICN (suffix LJ), a 10-pin
MSOP (LY), and a 16-pin TSSOP (LP), all with exposed pad
for enhanced thermal dissipation. They are lead (Pb) free, with
100% matte tin leadframe plating.
16-pin TSSOP
with exposed
thermal pad (suffix LP)
Not to scale
+
+
Power input
Power input
VIN
VIN
A6261
A6261
(LP, LY Packages)
(LJ Package)
PWM dimming input
EN
LA1
FF
LA2
PWM dimming input
EN
LA1
FF
LA2
IREF
IREF
LA3
THTH
THTH
LA4
GND
–
GND
–
Typical Application Diagrams
A6261A-DS, Rev. 10
A6261
Protected LED Array Driver
Selection Guide
Part Number
Ambient Operating
Temperature, TA (°C)
Packing
Current
Package
A6261KLJTR-T
–40 to 125
3000 pieces per 13-in. reel
LA1 = 200 mA
LA2 = 100 mA
8-pin SOIC with exposed thermal pad
A6261KLJTR-T-1
–40 to 125
Contact Factory
LA1 = LA2 = 200 mA
8-pin SOIC with exposed thermal pad
A6261ELPTR-T
–40 to 85
4000 pieces per 13-in. reel
A6261KLPTR-T
–40 to 125
4000 pieces per 13-in. reel
A6261KLYTR-T
–40 to 125
4000 pieces per 13-in. reel
LA1-LA4 = 100 mA
16-pin TSSOP with exposed thermal pad
10-pin MSOP with exposed thermal pad
SPECIFICATIONS
Absolute Maximum Ratings1
Characteristic
Load Supply Voltage
Symbol
Notes
VIN
Rating
Unit
–0.3 to 50
V
Pin EN
–0.3 to 50
V
All LAx pins
–0.3 to 50
V
Pin FF
–0.3 to 50
V
Pins IREF, THTH
Ambient Operating Temperature
Range2
TA
Maximum Continuous Junction
Temperature
TJ(max)
Transient Junction Temperature
TtJ
Storage Temperature Range
Tstg
–0.3 to 6.5
V
E temperature range
–40 to 85
°C
K temperature range
–40 to 125
°C
150
°C
175
°C
–55 to 150
°C
Over temperature event not exceeding 10 s, lifetime duration not
exceeding 10 h, ensured by design characterization
1With
respect to GND.
2Limited by power dissipation.
Thermal Characteristics*may require derating at maximum conditions, see application information
Characteristic
Symbol
LJ package
Package Thermal Resistance
(Junction to Ambient)
RθJA
LP package
LY package
Package Thermal Resistance
(Junction to Pad)
Test Conditions*
Value
Unit
On 4-layer PCB based on JEDEC standard
35
ºC/W
On 2-layer PCB with 0.8 in.2 of copper area each side
62
ºC/W
On 4-layer PCB based on JEDEC standard
34
ºC/W
On 2-layer PCB with 3.8 in.2 of copper area each side
43
ºC/W
On 4-layer PCB based on JEDEC standard
48
ºC/W
On 2-layer PCB with 2.5 in.2 of copper area each side
48
ºC/W
2
ºC/W
RθJP
*To be verified by characterization for LP and LY. Additional thermal information available on the Allegro™ website.
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115 Northeast Cutoff
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2
A6261
Protected LED Array Driver
+V
VIN
THTH
IREF
Current
Regulators
Control
Logic
EN
Temp
Comp
Temp
Monitor
LA1
Slew
Limit
LA3
Current
Reference
LA4
FF
RTH
LA2
Fault
Control
RREF
PAD
GND
LP and LY
packages only
Functional Block Diagram
Pin-out Diagrams and Terminal List Table
8 FF
THTH 1
IREF 2
PAD
6 VIN
LA1 4
5 LA2
LJ Package
LJ
LP
LY
Function
EN
7
13
9
Enable
FF
8
14
10
Fault output
GND
3
5
3
Ground reference
15 NC
2
4
2
Current reference
14 FF
LA1
4
6
4
LED anode (+) connection 1
13 EN
LA2
5
7
5
LED anode (+) connection 2
LA3
–
10
6
LED anode (+) connection 3
LA4
–
11
7
LED anode (+) connection 4
NC
–
1,2,8,
9,15,16
–
No connection; connect to GND
PAD
–
–
–
Exposed thermal pad
16 NC
NC 2
THTH 3
GND 5
Name
IREF
NC 1
PAD
Number
7 EN
GND 3
IREF 4
Terminal List Table
12 VIN
LA1 6
11 LA4
LA2 7
10 LA3
NC 8
9 NC
LP Package
THTH 1
10 FF
THTH
1
3
1
Thermal threshold
IREF 2
9 EN
VIN
6
12
8
Supply
GND 3
PAD
8 VIN
LA1 4
7 LA4
LA2 5
6 LA3
LY Package
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A6261
Protected LED Array Driver
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS1: valid at TJ= –40°C to 150°C, VIN = 7 to 40 V, unless otherwise noted
Characteristics
Symbol
Test Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
6
–
50
V
Supply and Reference
VIN Functional Operating Range2
VIN Quiescent Current
IINQ
All LAx pins connected to VIN
–
–
10
mA
VIN Sleep Current
IINS
EN = GND, VIN = 16 V
–
–
10
µA
tON
VIN > 7 V to ILA2 < –5 mA, RREF = 125 Ω (except
LJ-1 version)
VIN > 7 V to ILA2 < –10 mA, RREF = 125 Ω (LJ-1
version)
5
20
30
µs
Startup Time
Current Regulation
Reference Voltage
Reference Current Ratio
Current Accuracy3
Current Matching4
Output Current
Maximum Output Current
Minimum Drop-out Voltage
Output Disable Threshold
VIREF
1.15
1.2
1.25
V
GH0
LP and LY packages, ILAx / IREF
–
12.5
–
–
GH1
LJ package only ILA1 / IREF, LJ-1 package,
ILAx/IREF
–
25
–
–
GH2
LJ package only ILA2 / IREF
–
12.5
–
–
EILAx
10% ILANx > ILAx > 100% ILANx
–5
±4
5
%
LP and LY packages only –20 mA > ILAx > –100
mA, LJ-1 package only –40 mA > ILAx > –200
mA, VLAx match to within 1 V
–
5
10
%
ILAx
EN = high
–
GHx ×
IREF
–
–
ILAN0
IREF = 8 mA, EN = high, LP, LY and LA2 pin of
LJ package
–105
–100
–95
mA
ILAN1
IREF = 8 mA, EN = high, LJ-1 and LA1 pin of LJ
package
–210
–200
–190
mA
ILAxmax
IREF = 9.2 mA, EN = high, LP, LY and LA2 pin of
LJ package
–
–
–110
mA
ILA1max
IREF = 9.2 mA, EN = high, LJ-1 and LA1 pin of
LJ package
–
–
–220
mA
VIN – VLAx , ILAx = –100 mA, LP, LY and LA2 pin
of LJ package
–
–
800
mV
VIN – VLAx , ILAx = –200 mA, LJ-1 and LA1
pin of LJ package
–
–
800
mV
VIN – VLAx , ILAx = –40 mA , LP, LY and LA2 pin
of LJ package
–
–
660
mV
VIN – VLAx , ILAx = –80 mA, LJ-1 and LA1
pin of LJ package
–
–
660
mV
VIN – VLAx
65
–
160
mV
EIMLAx
VDO
VODIS
0.7 mA < IREF < 8.8 mA
Continued on the next page…
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A6261
Protected LED Array Driver
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS1 (continued): valid at TJ= –40°C to 150°C, VIN = 7 to 40 V, unless otherwise noted
Characteristics
Symbol
Current Slew Time
Test Conditions
Current rising or falling between 10% and 90%
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
50
80
110
µs
V
Logic Inputs FF and EN
Input Low Voltage
VIL
–
–
0.8
Input High Voltage
VIH
2
–
–
V
Input Hysteresis (EN pin)
VIhys
150
350
–
mV
Pull-Down Resistor (EN pin)
RPD
Output Low Voltage (FF pin)
VOL
IOL = 1 mA
–
50
–
kΩ
–
–
0.4
V
Protection
Short Detect Voltage
Short Circuit Source Current
Short Release Voltage
VSCD
Measured at LAx
1.2
–
1.8
V
ISCS0
Short present LAx to GND: LP, LY and LA2 pin
of LJ package
–2
–0.8
–0.5
mA
ISCS1
Short present LAx to GND: LJ-1 and LA1 pin of
LJ package
–4
–1.6
–1
mA
VSCR
Measured at LAx
–
–
1.9
V
Short Release Voltage Hysteresis
VSChys
VSCR – VSCD
200
–
500
mV
Open Load Detect Voltage
VOCD
VIN – VLAx
170
–
450
mV
Open Load Detect Delay
tOCD
–
2
–
ms
Thermal Monitor Activation Temperature
TJM
TJ with ISEN = 90%
95
115
130
°C
ISEN = 50%
–3.5
–2.5
–1.5
%/°C
TJL
TJ at ISEN = 25%
120
135
150
°C
Overtemperature Shutdown
TJF
Temperature increasing
–
170
–
°C
Overtemperature Hysteresis
TJhys
Recovery = TJF – TJhys
–
15
–
°C
Thermal Monitor Slope
Thermal Monitor Low Current
Temperature
dISEN/dTJ
1For
input and output current specifications, negative current is defined as coming out of (sourcing) the specified device pin.
is correct but parameters are not guaranteed outside the general limits (7 to 40 V).
EN = high, EILAx = 100 × [( | ILAx | × RREF / 15 ) –1], with ILAx in mA and RREF in kΩ, for LP, LY and LA2 pin of LJ package.
4E
IMLA = 100 × max ( | ILAx– ILA(AV) | ) / ILA(AV) , where ILA(AV) is the average current of all active outputs.
2Function
3When
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A6261
Protected LED Array Driver
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The A6261 is a linear current regulator that is designed to provide
drive current and protection for parallel strings of series-connected high brightness LEDs. The LP and LY options provide up
to four matched programmable current outputs at up to 100 mA,
and LJ-1 option provides two outputs with 200mA per channel,
whereas the LJ option provides two outputs, LA1 = 200 mA and
LA2 = 100 mA. All the outputs have low minimum dropout voltages below the main supply voltage. For 12 V power net applications, optimum performance is achieved when driving all strings
of 1 to 3 series connected LEDs, at rated current per string.
The A6261 is specifically designed for use in applications where
the LED current is controlled by a single logic input or a highside switched supply. In addition the A6261 disables all LEDs on
detecting a single open LED.
Current regulation is maintained and the LEDs protected during a
short-to-ground at any point in the LED string. A short-to-ground
on any regulator output terminal will disable that output and set
the fault flag. An open load on any output will set the fault flag
and disable all outputs. Remaining outputs can be re-enabled
by pulling the fault flag output low. Individual outputs can be
disabled by connecting the output to VIN.
LA[1:4] Current source connected to the anode of the first
LED in each string. Connect directly to VIN to disable the
respective output. In this document “LAx” indicates any one
output of the ICs.
FF Open drain fault flag, used with an external pull-up resistor,
to indicate open, short, or overtemperature conditions. FF is inactive when a fault is present. During an open load condition, FF
can be pulled low to force the remaining outputs on.
LED Current Level
The LED current is controlled by four matching linear current
regulators between the VIN pin and each of the LAx outputs. The
basic equation that determines the nominal output current at each
LAx pin is:
Given EN = high,
IREF =
1.2
(1)
RREF
and
ILAx = GHx × IREF
(2)
where ILAx is in mA and RREF is in kΩ.
Integrated thermal management reduces the regulated current
level at high internal junction temperatures to limit power dissipation.
The output current may be reduced from the set level by the thermal monitor circuit.
Pin Functions
Conversely the reference resistors may be calculated from:
VIN Supply to the control circuit and current regulators. A small
value ceramic bypass capacitor, typically 100 nF, should be connected from close to this pin to the GND pin.
GND Ground reference connection. Should be connected directly
to the negative supply.
EN Logic input to enable LED current output. This provides a
direct on/off action and can be used for direct PWM control.
IREF 1.2 V reference to set current reference. Connect resistor,
RREF, to GND to set reference current.
THTH Sets the thermal monitor threshold, TJM , where the output
current starts to reduce with increasing temperature. Connecting
THTH directly to GND will disable the thermal monitor function.
RREF =
1.2 × GHx
ILAx
(3)
where ILAx is in mA and RREF is in kΩ.
For example, where the required current is 90 mA per channel in
LP or LY package the resistor value will be :
RREF = 15
90
= 167 Ω
These equations completely define the output currents with
respect to the setting resistors. However, for further reference, a
more detailed description of the internal reference current calculations is included below.
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A6261
It is important to note that because the A6261 is a linear regulator, the maximum regulated current is limited by the power
dissipation and the thermal management in the application. All
current calculations assume adequate heatsinking for the dissipated power. Thermal management is at least as important as the
electrical design in all applications. In high current high ambient
temperature applications the thermal management is the most
important aspect of the systems design. The application section
below provides further detail on thermal management and the
associated limitations.
Operation with Fewer LED Strings or Higher Currents
Protected LED Array Driver
rents, or by connecting the output directly to VIN to disable the
regulator for that output. When a regulator is disabled it will
not indicate an open load and will not affect the fault flag or the
operation of the remaining regulator outputs.
Sleep Mode
When EN is held low the A6261 will be in shutdown mode and
all sections will be in a low power sleep mode. The input current
will be typically less than 10 µA. This means that the complete
circuit, including LEDs, may remain connected to the power supply under all conditions.
The A6261 may be configured to use fewer than four LED
strings, either by connecting outputs together for higher cur-
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A6261
Safety Features
The circuit includes several features to ensure safe operation and
to protect the LEDs and the A6261:
Protected LED Array Driver
VIN
A6261
LA1
LA2
LA3
LA4
• The current regulators between VIN and each LAx output
provide a natural current limit due to the regulation.
• Each LAx output includes a short-to-ground detector that will
disable the output to limit the dissipation.
A. Any LED cathode short-toground.
Current remains regulated in
non-shorted LEDs. Matching may
be affected. FF is low.
GND
• An open circuit on any output will disable all outputs.
• The thermal monitor reduces the regulated current as the
temperature rises.
• Thermal shutdown completely disables the outputs under
extreme overtemperature conditions.
VIN
A6261
LA1
LA2
LA3
LA4
SHORT CIRCUIT DETECTION
A short-to-ground on any LED cathode (Figure 1A) will not
result in a short fault condition. The current through the remaining LEDs will remain in regulation and the LEDs will be protected. Due to the difference in the voltage drop across the LEDs,
as a result of the short the current matching in the A6261 may
exceed the specified limits.
Any LAx output that is pulled below the short detect voltage
(Figure 1B) will disable the regulator on that output and allow
the fault flag, FF, to go high. A small current will be sourced
from the disabled output to monitor the short and detect when
it is removed. When the voltage at LAx rises above the short
detect voltage the fault flag will be removed and the regulator
re-enabled.
A shorted LED (Figure 1C) will not result in a short fault condition. The current through the remaining LEDs will remain in
regulation and the LEDs will be protected. Due to the difference
in the voltage drop across the LEDs, as a result of the short, the
current matching in the A6261 may exceed the specified limits.
A short between LEDs in different strings (Figure 1D) will not
result in a short fault condition. The current through the remaining LEDs will remain in regulation and the LEDs will be protected. The current will be summed and shared by the affected
strings. Current matching in the strings will then depend on the
LED forward voltage differences.
B. Any LAx output short-to-ground.
Shorted output is disabled. Other
outputs remain active. FF is high.
GND
VIN
A6261
LA1
LA2
LA3
LA4
C. Shorted LEDs.
Current remains regulated.
Matching may be affected.
Only the shorted LED is inactive.
FF is low.
GND
VIN
A6261
LA1
LA2
LA3
LA4
D. Short between LEDs in different
strings. Current remains regulated.
Current is summed and shared by
affected strings. Intensity match
dependent on voltage binning.
FF is low.
GND
Figure 1: Short Circuit Conditions.
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A6261
Protected LED Array Driver
OPEN LOAD DETECTION
TEMPERATURE MONITOR
An open load condition is detected when the voltage across the
regulator, VIN – VLAx , is less than the open load detect voltage,
VOCD , but greater than the output disable threshold voltage,
VODIS . When this condition is present for more than the open
load detect time, tOCD , then all regulators will be disabled and the
fault flag allowed to go high.
A temperature monitor function, included in the A6261, reduces
the LED current as the silicon junction temperature of the A6261
increases (see Figure 2). By mounting the A6261 on the same
thermal substrate as the LEDs, this feature can also be used to
limit the dissipation of the LEDs. As the junction temperature of
the A6261 increases, the regulated current level is reduced, reducing the dissipated power in the A6261 and in the LEDs. The current is reduced from the 100% level at typically 2.5% per degree
Celsius until the point at which the current drops to 25% of the
full value, defined at TJL . Above this temperature the current will
continue to reduce at a lower rate until the temperature reaches
the overtemperature shutdown threshold temperature, TJF.
Pulling the fault flag low will override the open load fault action
and all enabled regulators will be switched on. This state will
be maintained while the fault flag is held low. If the fault flag is
allowed to go high the A6261 will return to the open load fault
condition and will disable all regulators.
Each of the four regulators includes a limiter to ensure that
the output voltage will not rise higher than the output disable
threshold voltage below VIN when driven by the regulator. This
means that the voltage across the regulator will not be less than
the output disable voltage, unless it is forced by connecting the
LAx pin to VIN. However if a load becomes disconnected, the
regulator will pull the LAx pin up to the limit, which will ensure
that the voltage across the regulator, VIN – VLAx , is less than the
open load detect voltage, VOCD .
Note that an open load may also be detected if the sum of the forward voltages of the LEDs in a string is close to or greater than
the supply voltage on VIN.
The temperature at which the current reduction begins can be
adjusted by changing the voltage on the THTH pin. When THTH
is left open the temperature at which the current reduction begins
is defined as the thermal monitor activation temperature, TJM, and
is specified, in the characteristics table, at the 90% current level.
100
Relative Sense Current (%)
The regulators will remain disabled until either the power is
cycled off and on, the EN input is taken low then high, or the
fault flag, FF, is pulled low. If the power is cycled or EN is pulsed
low, the regulators will start in the enabled state, unless disabled
by tying the output to VIN, and the open load detection timer will
be reset. If the open load is still present the regulators will again
be disabled after the open load detect time.
90
80
60
TJM
40
25
20
TJF
TJL
0
70
130
90
110
Junction Temperature, TJ (°C)
150
170
Figure 2: Temperature Monitor Current Reduction.
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A6261
Protected LED Array Driver
TJM will increase as the voltage at the THTH pin, VTHTH , is
reduced and is defined as approximately:
(4)
(°C)
A resistor connected between THTH and GND will reduce VTHTII
and increase TJM. A resistor connected between THTH and a reference supply greater than 1 V will increase VTHTH and reduce TJM.
Figure 3 shows how the nominal value of the thermal monitor
activation temperature varies with the voltage at THTH and with
either a pull-down resistor, RTH, to GND or with a pull-up resistor, RTH , to 3 V and to 5 V.
Note that it is possible for the A6261 to transition rapidly
between thermal shutdown and normal operation. This can happen if the thermal mass attached to the exposed thermal pad is
small and TJM is increased to close to the shutdown temperature.
The period of oscillation will depend on TJM , the dissipated
power, the thermal mass of any heatsink present, and the ambient
temperature.
1.3
250
1.2
200
RTH pull-up
to 5 V
RTH (kΩ)
150
RTH pull-down
to GND
100
VTHTH
50
0
70
RTH pull-up
to 3 V
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
Thermal Monitor Activation Temperature, TJM (°C)
1.1
1.0
VTHTH (V)
TJM = 1.46 –VTHTH
0.0039
In extreme cases, if the chip temperature exceeds the overtemperature limit, TJF , all regulators will be disabled. The temperature will continue to be monitored and the regulators re-activated
when the temperature drops below the threshold provided by the
specified hysteresis.
0.9
0.8
150
Figure 3: TJM versus a Pull-up or Pull-down Resistor,
RTH, and VTHTH.
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A6261
Protected LED Array Driver
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Power Dissipation
The most critical design considerations when using a linear regulator such as the A6261 are the power produced internally as heat
and the rate at which that heat can be dissipated.
There are three sources of power dissipation in the A6261:
• The quiescent power to run the control circuits
• The power in the reference circuit
Note that the voltage drop across the regulator, VREG , is always
greater than the specified minimum drop-out voltage, VDO . The
output current is regulated by making this voltage large enough
to provide the voltage drop from the supply voltage to the total
forward voltage of all LEDs in series, VLED .
The total power dissipated in the A6261 is the sum of the quiescent power, the reference power, and the power in each of the
four regulators:
• The power due to the regulator voltage drop
The elements relating to these dissipation sources are illustrated
in Figure 4.
QUIESCENT POWER
The quiescent power is the product of the quiescent current, IINQ ,
and the supply voltage, VIN , and is not related to the regulated
current. The quiescent power, PQ, is therefore defined as:
PQ = VIN × IINQ(5)
REFERENCE POWER
The reference circuit draws the reference current from the supply
and passes it through the reference resistor to ground. The reference current is 8% of the output current on any one active output.
The reference circuit power is the product of the reference current
and the difference between the supply voltage and the reference
voltage, typically 1.2 V. The reference power, PREF , is therefore
defined as:
(VIN – VREF) × VREF
PREF =
RREF
PDIS = PQ + PREF
+ PREGA + PREGB + PREGC + PREGD
The power that is dissipated in each string of LEDs is:
PLEDx = VLEDx × ILEDx
(9)
where x is A, B, C, or D, and VLEDx is the voltage across all
LEDs in the string.
From these equations (and as illustrated in Figure 5) it can be
seen that, if the power in the A6261 is not limited, then it will
increase as the supply voltage increases but the power in the
LEDs will remain constant.
VIN
A6261
(6)
LAx
In most application circuits the largest dissipation will be produced by the output current regulators. The power dissipated in
each current regulator is simply the product of the output current
and the voltage drop across the regulator.
The total current regulator dissipation is the sum of the dissipation in each output regulator. The regulator power for each output
is defined as:
where x is 1, 2, 3, or 4.
VREG
ILAx
REGULATOR POWER
PREGx = (VIN – VLEDx ) × ILEDx
(8)
(7)
VIN
IREF
IINQ
VLED
IREF
VREF
RREF
GND
Figure 4: Internal Power Dissipation Sources.
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A6261
Protected LED Array Driver
the graph shows the current as the supply voltage increases from
14 V to 17 V. As the supply voltage increases, without the thermal
foldback feature, the current would remain at 50 mA, as shown by
the dashed line. The solid line shows the resulting current decrease
as the thermal foldback feature acts.
Power Dissipation, PD (W)
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
LED Power
1.0
A6261 Power
0.5
0
8
9
10
12
13
11
Supply Voltage, VIN (V)
14
15
16
If the thermal foldback feature did not affect LED current, the
current would increase the power dissipation and therefore the
silicon temperature. The thermal foldback feature reduces power
in the A6261 in order to limit the temperature increase, as shown
in Figure 7. The figure shows the operation of the A6261 under
the same conditions as Figure 6. That is, 4 strings of 3 red LEDs,
each string running at 50 mA with each LED forward voltage at
2.3 V. The graph shows the temperature as the supply voltage
Figure 5: Power Dissipation versus Supply Voltage.
54
Dissipation Limits
52
There are two features limiting the power that can be dissipated
by the A6261: thermal shutdown and thermal foldback.
If the thermal foldback feature is disabled by connecting the
THTH pin to GND, or if the thermal resistance from the A6261
to the ambient environment is high, then the silicon temperature
will rise to the thermal shutdown threshold and the current will
be disabled. After the current is disabled the power dissipated will
drop and the temperature will fall. When the temperature falls by
the hysteresis of the thermal shutdown circuit, then the current
will be re-enabled and the temperature will start to rise again.
This cycle will repeat continuously until the ambient temperature
drops or the A6261 is switched off. The period of this thermal
shutdown cycle will depend on several electrical, mechanical,
and thermal parameters and could be from a few milliseconds to
a few seconds.
ILED (mA)
THERMAL SHUTDOWN
The thermal monitor will reduce the LED current as the temperature of the A6261 increases above the thermal monitor activation
temperature, TJM , as shown in figure 6. The figure shows the
operation of the A6261 with 4 strings of 3 red LEDs, each string
running at 50 mA. The forward voltage of each LED is 2.3 V and
48
46
44
4 Strings
VLED = 6.9 V
ILED = 50 mA
TA = 50°C
With thermal monitor
42
40
14.0
14.5
15.0
15.5
16.0
Supply Voltage, VIN (V)
16.5
17.0
Figure 6: LED current versus Supply Voltage.
130
125
THERMAL FOLDBACK
120
TJ (°C)
If there is a good thermal connection to the A6261, then the
thermal foldback feature will have time to act. This will limit the
silicon temperature by reducing the regulated current and therefore the dissipation.
Without thermal monitor
50
4 Strings
VLED = 6.9 V
ILED = 50 mA
TA = 50°C
115
Without thermal monitor
With thermal monitor
110
105
100
14.0
14.5
15.0
15.5
16.0
Supply Voltage, VIN (V)
16.5
17.0
Figure 7: Junction Temperature versus Supply Voltage.
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A6261
Protected LED Array Driver
increases from 14 V to 17 V. Without the thermal foldback feature the temperature would continue to increase up to the thermal
shutdown temperature as shown by the dashed line. The solid line
shows the effect of the thermal foldback function in limiting the
temperature rise.
Figures 6 and 7 show the thermal effects where the thermal
resistance from the silicon to the ambient temperature is 40°C/W.
Thermal performance can be enhanced further by using a significant amount of thermal vias as described below.
LJ Package
Thermal Dissipation
The amount of heat that can pass from the silicon of the A6261
to the surrounding ambient environment depends on the thermal
resistance of the structures connected to the A6261. The thermal
resistance, RθJA , is a measure of the temperature rise created by
the power dissipated and is usually measured in degrees Celsius
per watt (°C/W).
The temperature rise, ΔT, is calculated from the power dissipated,
PD , and the thermal resistance, RθJA , as:
ΔT = PD × RθJA
(10)
LP Package
A thermal resistance from silicon to ambient, RθJA , of approximately 30°C/W (LP package) or 34°C/W (LY package) can be
achieved by mounting the A6261 on a standard FR4 double-sided
printed circuit board (PCB) with a copper area of a few square
inches on each side of the board under the A6261. Multiple
thermal vias, as shown in figure 8, help to conduct the heat from
the exposed pad of the A6261 to the copper on each side of the
board. The thermal resistance can be reduced by using a metal
substrate or by adding a heatsink.
Supply Voltage Limits
In some applications the available supply voltage can vary over
a two-to-one range; for example, emergency lighting systems
using battery backup. In such systems is it necessary to design
the application circuit such that the system meets the required
performance targets over a specified voltage range.
To determine this range when using the A6261 there are two
limiting conditions:
LY Package
Figure 8: Board Via Layout for Thermal Dissipation
• For maximum supply voltage the limiting factor is the power
that can be dissipated from the regulator without exceeding the
temperature at which the thermal foldback starts to reduce the
output current below an acceptable level.
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A6261
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• For minimum supply voltage the limiting factor is the
maximum drop-out voltage of the regulator, where the
difference between the load voltage and the supply is
insufficient for the regulator to maintain control over the
output current.
MINIMUM SUPPLY LIMIT: REGULATOR SATURATION
VOLTAGE
The supply voltage, VIN , is always the sum of the voltage drop
across the high-side regulator, VREG , and the forward voltage of
the LEDs in the string, VLED, as shown in Figure 4.
VLED is constant for a given current and does not vary with
supply voltage. Therefore VREG provides the variable difference
between VLED and VIN . VREG has a minimum value below which
the regulator can no longer be guaranteed to maintain the output
current within the specified accuracy. This level is defined as the
regulator drop-out voltage, VDO.
The minimum supply voltage, below which the LED current does
not meet the specified accuracy, is therefore determined by the
sum of the minimum drop-out voltage, VDO , and the forward
voltage of the LEDs in the string, VLED . The supply voltage must
always be greater than this value and the minimum specified supply voltage, that is:
VIN > VDO + VLED,
and
VIN > VIN (min)(11)
As an example, consider the configuration used in Figures 6
and 7 above, namely 4 strings of 3 red LEDs, each string running
at 50 mA, with each LED forward voltage at 2.3 V. The minimum
supply voltage will be approximately:
VIN(min) = 0.55 + (3 × 2.3) = 7.45 V
MAXIMUM SUPPLY LIMIT: THERMAL LIMITATION
As described above, when the thermal monitor reaches the activation temperature, TJM (due to increased power dissipation as the
supply voltage rises), the thermal foldback feature causes the out-
put current to decrease. The maximum supply voltage is therefore
defined as the voltage above which the LED current drops below
the acceptable minimum.
This can be estimated by determining the maximum power that
can be dissipated before the internal (junction) temperature of the
A6261 reaches TJM.
Note that, if the thermal monitor circuit is disabled (by connecting the THTH pin to GND), then the maximum supply limit will
be determined by the specified maximum continuous operating
temperature, 150°C.
The maximum power dissipation is therefore defined as:
PD(max) =
∆T
RθJA
(12)
where ΔT is difference between the thermal monitor activation temperature, TJM , of the A6261 and the maximum ambient
temperature, TA(max), and RθJA is the thermal resistance from the
internal junctions in the silicon to the ambient environment.
If minimum LED current is not a critical factor, then the maximum voltage is simply the absolute maximum specified in the
parameter tables above.
Application Examples
In some filament bulb replacement applications the supply may
be provided by a PWM-driven, high-side switch. The A6261 can
be used in this application by simply connecting EN to VIN.
If neither fault action nor fault reporting is required, then FF
should be tied to ground.
When power is applied there will be a short startup delay, tON ,
before the current starts to rise. The current rise time will be limited by the internal current slew rate control.
The application circuit options in Figure 9 show operation with
a higher voltage supply and with combinations of outputs tied
together and disabled.
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14
A6261
Protected LED Array Driver
+
+
24 V
12 V PWM
high-side drive
VIN
VIN
A6261
A6261
(LP, LY Packages)
EN
LA1
FF
LA2
IREF
LA3
THTH
LA4
PWM dimming
input
Fault output
(LP, LY Packages)
LA1
LA2
EN
LA3
LA4
FF
IREF
THTH
GND
GND
–
–
B. Higher voltage operation
A. High brightness (HB) LED incandescent lamp replacement
+
+
14 V
12 V
VIN
VIN
A6261
A6261
PWM dimming
input
(LP, LY Packages)
PWM dimming
input
(LJ Package)
EN
LA1
LA2
FF
LA2
IREF
LA3
IREF
THTH
LA4
THTH
EN
LA1
FF
GND
GND
–
–
C. Mix of output combinations
D. A6261LJ: Single output with 100mA. For 200 mA
single output, connect LA2 to VIN and LEDs to LA1.
Figure 9: Typical Applications with Various Supply and Output Options.
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A6261
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PACKAGE OUTLINE DRAWINGS
For Reference Only – Not for Tooling Use
(Reference MS-012BA)
Dimensions in millimeters – NOT TO SCALE
Dimensions exclusive of mold flash, gate burrs, and dambar protrusions
Exact case and lead configuration at supplier discretion within limits shown
4.90 ±0.10
1.27
0.65
8°
0°
8
8
0.25
0.17
1.75
B
2.41 NOM
3.90 ±0.10
6.00 ±0.20
2.41
5.60
A
1.04 REF
1
2
1
1.27
0.40
3.30 NOM
3.30
0.25 BSC
Branded Face
2
C
PCB Layout Reference View
SEATING PLANE
GAUGE PLANE
C
8X
0.10
1.70 MAX
C
SEATING
PLANE
0.51
0.31
1.27 BSC
0.15
0.00
A
Terminal #1 mark area
B
Exposed thermal pad (bottom surface)
C
Reference land pattern layout (reference IPC7351 SOIC127P600X175-9AM);
all pads a minimum of 0.20 mm from all adjacent pads; adjust as necessary
to meet application process requirements and PCB layout tolerances; when
mounting on a multilayer PCB, thermal vias at the exposed thermal pad land
can improve thermal dissipation (reference EIA/JEDEC Standard JESD51-5)
Figure 10: Package LJ, 8-Pin SOICN with Exposed Thermal Pad
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A6261
Protected LED Array Driver
For Reference Only – Not for Tooling Use
(Reference MO-153 ABT)
Dimensions in millimeters. NOT TO SCALE
Dimensions exclusive of mold flash, gate burrs, and dambar protrusions
Exact case and lead configuration at supplier discretion within limits shown
0.65
0.45
8º
0º
5.00 ±0.10
16
16
0.20
0.09
1.70
B
3 NOM 4.40 ±0.10
3.00
6.40 ±0.20
A
6.10
0.60 ±0.15
1.00 REF
1
2
3 NOM
1
0.25 BSC
2
Branded Face
3.00
SEATING PLANE
C
16X
0.10
SEATING
PLANE
C
0.30
0.19
GAUGE PLANE
C
PCB Layout Reference View
1.20 MAX
0.65 BSC
NNNNNNN
YYWW
LLLL
0.15
0.00
A
Terminal #1 mark area
B
Exposed thermal pad (bottom surface); dimensions may vary with device
C
Reference land pattern layout (reference IPC7351 SOP65P640X110-17M);
All pads a minimum of 0.20 mm from all adjacent pads; adjust as necessary
to meet application process requirements and PCB layout tolerances; when
mounting on a multilayer PCB, thermal vias at the exposed thermal pad land
can improve thermal dissipation (reference EIA/JEDEC Standard JESD51-5)
D
1
D Standard Branding Reference View
N = Device part number
= Supplier emblem
Y = Last two digits of year of manufacture
W = Week of manufacture
L = Characters 5-8 of lot number
Branding scale and appearance at supplier discretion
Figure 11: Package LP, 16-Pin TSSOP with Exposed Thermal Pad
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A6261
Protected LED Array Driver
For Reference Only – Not for Tooling Use
(Reference JEDEC MO-187)
Dimensions in millimeters – NOT TO SCALE
Dimensions exclusive of mold flash, gate burrs, and dambar protrusions
Exact case and lead configuration at supplier discretion within limits shown
0° to 6°
3.00 ±0.10
10
0.15 ±0.05
3.00 ±0.10
4.88 ±0.20
A
0.53 ±0.10
1
2
1.98
1
0.25
Seating Plane
2
Gauge Plane
A
Terminal #1 mark area
B Exposed thermal pad (bottom surface)
B
1.73
10
0.86 ±0.05
SEATING
PLANE
0.27
0.18
0.50
REF
0.05
0.15
Figure 12: Package LY, 10-Pin MSOP with Exposed Thermal Pad
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A6261
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Revision History
Revision
Revision Date
8
September 10, 2013
9
December 6, 2014
10
June 25, 2015
Description of Revision
Add LJ package
Add LJ-1 package; revised Selection Guide
Temperature Monitor text on page 9 updated to match EC table: derating slope is -2.5% per °C
Copyright ©2009-2015, Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC reserves the right to make, from time to time, such departures from the detail specifications as may be required to
permit improvements in the performance, reliability, or manufacturability of its products. Before placing an order, the user is cautioned to verify that
the information being relied upon is current.
Allegro’s products are not to be used in any devices or systems, including but not limited to life support devices or systems, in which a failure of
Allegro’s product can reasonably be expected to cause bodily harm.
The information included herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Allegro MicroSystems, LLC assumes no responsibility for its
use; nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use.
For the latest version of this document, visit our website:
www.allegromicro.com
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19