A new 650V Super Junction Device with rugged body diode for hard and soft switching applications A) A) B) B) M.-A. Kutschak , W. Jantscher , D. Zipprick , A. Ludsteck-Pechloff , A) Infineon Technologies Austria AG, Siemensstraße 2, A-9500 Villach, Austria B) Infineon Technologies AG, Am Campeon 1-12, D-85579 Neubiberg, Germany Abstract With the new CoolMOS™ 650V CFD2 technology a new benchmark is set for high voltage power MOSFETs with a high performance body diode of the MOSFET. The transistor combines a high blocking voltage of 650V with lowest Rdson and low capacitive losses together with an improved body diode ruggedness during reverse recovery especially for hard and soft switching applications. Together with the improved performance a specification of the max-value of the Qrr and trr in the datasheet will be introduced. This article investigates the influence factors for improving the body diode ruggedness. The benefit of this new Superjunction device family with fast body diode is especially shown for a HID halfbridge topology. 1. Introduction With the increasing demand for higher power density, especially soft switching topologies like half-bridge (e.g. HID half-bridge or LLC) and fullbridge concepts (e.g. ZVS bridge) seem to be the ideal solution. These topologies reduce the switching losses and increase the reliability of the system due to less dynamic di/dt and dv/dt stress on the power device. Such high stresses occur predominantly in light-load operation [1]. It is already shown that Superjunction devices like the CoolMOS™ help to overcome this problem by inherent optimized charge carrier removal during reverse recovery and eliminating the problem of latch-up of the parasitic npn-bipolar transistor [2]. A significant reduction of the reverse recovery charge can be achieved by an enhanced recombination rate of the injected carriers resulting in lower reverse recovery peak currents during turn-off and strongly reduced reverse recovery charge by almost a factor of 10. For optimized body diode (Fig.1) performance in hard switching conditions, especially the shape of the resulting reverse recovery waveform and the design conditions of the printed circuit board are important [3-4]. The new CoolMOS™ 650V CFD2 is designed in this manner with improved reverse recovery behavior together with increased safety margin in breakdown voltage. Fig. 1. Schematic cross section of the CoolMOS high voltage power MOSFET and its integral body diode 2. Reverse Recovery Behavior The reverse recovery behavior of the new CoolMOS™ 650V CFD is shown in Fig. 2. It appears that the new CoolMOS™ 650V CFD devices have a very low reverse recovery charge Qrr, reverse recovery time trr and maximum reverse recovery current Irrm when compared to the standard device. 4. Dependence of Qrr and trr with temperature 40 Id C6 Id C3 30 Of utmost importance for the designer is the dependence of Qrr and trr on temperature. The Qrr and trr values tend to increase with temperature, due to increased carrier generation in the device. This dependence is shown in Fig. 4 for the 310mΩ 650V CFD2 device. A linear increase of Qrr and trr with temperature is observed. I [A] 20 New CFD Device 10 0 0.12 0.22 0.32 0.42 0.52 0.62 0.72 0.82 -10 160 -20 0.9 t [µs] 0.8 150 0.7 Fig. 2. Measured reverse recovery waveforms at di/dt=100A/µs, 25°C, Vr=400V. The new CFD device shows very low Qrr, trr and Irrm when compared to the standard device. At the same time, the waveforms of the new device still show a soft characteristic, in spite of the strongly reduced Qrr, trr and Irrm. This characteristic is highly desirable during hard commutation in order to avoid voltage overshoot and to ensure reliable device operation. 3. Commutation Ruggedness The commutation ruggedness of the CoolMOS™ 650V CFD2 device is demonstrated in reverse recovery measurements in Fig. 3, where the devices were tested up to di/dt 2000A/µs. 500 40 Vr If 400 30 Trr (ns) 0.6 130 0.5 120 0.4 0.3 110 Trr 100 Qrr 90 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 0.2 0.1 0 140 T(°C) Fig. 4. Dependence of Qrr and Trr with temperature for the 310mΩ 650V CFD device 5. Dependence of Qrr and Trr with Rdson Another important aspect to be considered is the dependence of Qrr and trr on the device Rdson. This can be seen in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, respectively, where the new 650V CFD2 device is compared with the former Infineon’s CoolMOS™ fast diode technology. 20 Test Conditions: Vr=400V, If=12A, Tj=125°C di / dt = 1000 A/µs 2.5 200 10 100 0 C3 C6 I [A] U [V] 300 140 Qrr (µC) Standard Device 2 -10 0.6 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.68 -100 0.7 0.72 0.74 -20 Qrr (µC) 1.5 0 1 t [µs] Fig. 3. Measured reverse recovery waveforms for the new CoolMOS 650V CFD2 device. The devices could not be destroyed even at the maximum capability of the tester No device could be destroyed under these conditions and the waveforms show still a soft characteristic, compared to snappy waveforms for other superjunction devices. This is a clear advantage for the designer, once one can optimize its application for maximum performance without being concerned with device destruction during hard commutation of the body diode. 0.5 0 0 100 200 300 400 Rdson (mOhm) 500 600 700 Fig. 5. Dependence of Qrr on Rdson, measured at 25°C and for the 80, 310 and 660mΩ 650V CFD2 devices in comparison with the former 600V CFD technology 230 C3 C6 210 190 D-S Voltage T3 D – Current T3 G-S Voltage T3 D-Current T2 trr (ns) 170 150 130 110 90 70 50 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Rdson (mOhm) Fig. 6. Dependence of trr on Rdson, measured at 25°C and for the 80, 310 and 660mΩ 650V CFD2 devices in comparison with the former 600V CFD technology The new 650V CFD2 device clearly offers an even better trade-off then the former technology between dynamical characteristics (Qrr,trr) and lowest Rdson. 6. Performance Evaluation in HID-Bridge We have also compared the performance of the new devices with the commercial available SPD07N60C3 in a HID half-bridge application. Using the new CoolMOS™ CFD2 devices, the diodes D2, D3, D4 and D5 can be eliminated and allow reduced system costs (Fig. 7). Fig. 7. Typical HID Half-Bridge circuit. By replacing the transistors T2 and T3 with the new CoolMOS™ 650V CFD2 device, the diodes D2 to D5 can be eliminated. Lamp Current Fig. 8. Circuit wave forms during the turn-off phase of transistor T3 with SPD07N60C3 as switch and the diodes D2 – D5. An efficiency of 91,81% is achieved. For reference Fig. 8 shows, the wave forms obtained by using the SPD07N60C3 device as transistors T2 and T3 and additionally the diodes D2, D3, D4 and D5. With this setup, we achieved an efficiency of 91,81%. By removing the diodes in series to the transistors, the additional voltage drop in forward operation is eliminated. This solution requires, however, an even superior performance of the internal body diode of the MOSFET once the switching losses increase due to the reverse recovery charge stored in the MOSFET. This situation is depicted in Fig. 9. D-S Voltage T3 D – Current T3 G-S Voltage T3 D-Current T2 D-S Voltage T3 D – Current T3 G-S Voltage T3 D-Current T2 Lamp Current Lamp Current Fig. 9. Circuit wave forms during the turn-off phase of transistor T3 with SPD07N60C3 without the diodes D2–D5. An efficiency of 89,72% is achieved. Fig. 10. Circuit wave forms during the turn-off phase of transistor T3 with IPD65R660CFD without the diodes D2– D5. An efficiency of 92,81% is achieved. In addition to increased switching losses, this setup also has the disadvantage that the MOSFET’s can eventually be destroyed due to the high reverse recovery current. A superior solution is achieved by using the new IPD65R660CFD device. Due to the superior performance of the internal body diode of the MOSFET, it is possible to implement a solution without the diodes D2-D5 and obtain at the same time a considerably better efficiency. This is shown in Fig.10. The optimized construction of the internal body diode of the new IPD65R660CFD device combined with a very low reverse recovery charge also enable reliable device operation. 7. Conclusion Infineon’s new CoolMOS™ CFD2 device, offers the lowest Rdson combined with a high blocking voltage of 650V. This new device features also a very low reverse recovery charge combined with a robust integral body diode. A specification of the max-values of the Qrr and trr will be available in the datasheet. We have also evaluated the performance of this new device in a typical HID Half-Bridge circuit, leaving out four diodes and getting superior efficiency. Due to the breakdown voltage of 650V and the robust construction of the integral body diode, this new device offers additional safety against destruction during hard commutation of the MOSFET. 8. [1] [2] [3] [4] Literature L. Saro, K. Dierberger and R.Redl, “Highvoltage MOSFET behavior in soft-switching converters: analysis and reliability improvements”, Proc. INTELEC 1998, pp. 30-40, San Francisco, Oct. 1998 W. Frank, F. Dahlquist. H. Kapels, M. Schmitt, G. Deboy, “Compensation MOSFETs with fast body diode – Benefits in Performance and Reliability in ZVS Applications“, Proceedings-CD of the International Power Electronics Component Systems Applications Conference (IPECSA), San Francisco, California, March 29 – April 1, 2004 R. Ng, F.Udrea, K.Sheng, G.A.J.Amaratunga, “A Study of the CoolMOS Integral Diode: Analysis and Optimization”, The 24th International Semiconductor Conference; CAS 2001, October 2001, Sinaia, Romania.Grütz, A.: Jahrbuch Elektrotechnik '98. Berlin-Offenbach: VDE-Verlag, 1997. R.K.Burra, K.Shenai, “CoolMOS Integral Diode: A Simple Analytical Reverse Recovery Model”, Power Electronics Specialist Conference, 2003. PESC '03. 2003 IEEE 34th Annual.