Distribution Training „Going for a Greener World with Infineon‘s Innovative High Performance Solutions“ Solutions Power steering, fans and pumps Automotive Gate Driver ICs 2011 Benno Köppl Agenda Low voltage MOS drivers Application Electric Power Steering Application requirements TLE7183 / 89 TLE 7185 TLE7181 / 82 HVAC and Engine cooling fan Application requirements TLE7184 Fuel pump Application requirements TLE7185 Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. Power on Demand Electric Power Steering Demand oriented torque controlled electric motor Vbat PWM Controlled DC Motor ctrl Reduced Average Power Consumption down to 50W Technologies available Continuously Mechanical Hydraulic Pump DC Motor M ctrl GND Brushless DC Motor Vbat Total Equivalent Electric Power Saving ~ 250 W drv drv drv a b n c 3 Phase Motor drv drv drv GND CO2-reduction ~ 5.9 g/km Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. Application requirements Power Steering Basic requirements to power stage 3-phase motor drive Field oriented control up to 200A phase current mostly 12V application Trends has to work at lower supply voltages only one shunt for current measurement increasing accuracy of current measurement highest efficient usage of motor (0...100% duty cycle) fulfill ASIL D safety requirement in application Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. Application requirements Power Steering 6xN MOSFETs PMSM 3φ M 160A B6-Bridge ->Diver Requirements powerful output stage up to 1.5A Robust to positive and negative spikes +/-7V at SL Separate Source connections 4 Floating output stages 4 TLE7183 / 89 / 85 Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. Application requirements Power Steering 6xN MOSFETs Current measurement Only one shunt for cost reasons very short time to measure current increasing accuracy requirements high current in application lead to negative spikes at shunt OpAmp requirements 4 input range +/-5V spikes typ. 20 MHz UGBW high bandwidth low input offset high CMRR down to +/- 1.5mV > 60db minimum PMSM 3φ M Vector 100/110 50µs 6.25µs 6.25µs 6.25µs 12.5µs 6.25µs 6.25µs 6.25µs Phase A 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 Phase B 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 Phase C 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 V0 Vk Vk+1 V0 Vk V0 TLE7183 / 89 Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. Vk+1 TLE7183F 3-Phase Driver IC for 12V Charge pump 1 3x Vx_fb Vs Charge pump 2 CH1 CL1 CB1 CH2 CL2 CB2 Vbat DH VoltageSupply 14V + 100%DC Voltage check GH1-3 Driver Current - Sense Over current Low quiesc. current Shoot through Protect. Short Circuit Protection SH1-3 GL1-3 Fix dead time Voltage check Driver SL1-3 IS1 Diagnosis 2 bit IS2 ERR1 ERR2 IL1-3 IH1-3 ENA INH Iout A_GND Ith I_Ref Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. GND1-4 I_Gain TLE718xF 3-Phase Driver IC for 12V Vs CH1 CL1 CB1 CH2 CL2 Charge pump 1 Charge pump 2 pumps VS to ~13V = chip and lowside supply adds VCB1 to VS = highside supply CB2 Vbat Vreg 10V DH GH1-3 Driver new similar to TLE6280 SH1-3 Vreg 10V Driver GL1-3 SL1-3 Full 10V VGS down to 6.5V supply !!! 0 – 100% without limits Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. TLE718xF Gate voltages at low supply voltages For internal use only! Conditions: VS = 5.5 ... 12 V QG = 130 nC f = 20 kHz (Max. UV limit on CB1: 8.3 V) 0...100% duty cycle full supply voltage reaches motor highest efficient usage of motor (costs + space) Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. TLE7189F 3-Phase Driver IC for 12V Package VQFN48 Vs Charge pump 1 Charge pump 2 CH1 CL1 CB1 CH2 CL2 CB2 Vbat DH VoltageSupply 14V + 100%DC Voltage check GH1-3 Driver Current - Sense Over current Low quiesc. current Shoot through Protect. Short Circuit Protection adj. SH1-3 GL1-3 Dead time fix Voltage check 3 x SL1-3 OpAmp ! Driver IS1 Diagnosis 2 bit 3x ERR1 ERR2 IL1-3 IH1-3 ENA INH Iout A_GND Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. I_Ref IS2 Ith GND1-4 I_Gain TLE7189F 3-Phase Driver IC for 12V I sense: Bi-directional Bias reference buffer allows bi-directional current sensing 2.4 Mhz Bandwidth @ gain 15 CMRR>80db Input offset voltage <+/-1.5mV Max rating Input +/-5V Over current warning with adjust. Current level Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. TLE7189F “ Driver” Philosophy Add ProSIL features to existing product: “sleeping bug is excluded by repeated testing” VCC check (monitors the uC supply) Test function for VCC check SC-Detection (monitors short circuit of MOSFET) Test function for SC-Detection at 0A High voltage inputs (18V) “Common mode failure analysis” (FTA) available, tailored to the FMEA and the FTA of the target system Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. TLE7185 Simplified 3-phase driver IC Features B6 MOS Bridge driver ~10 Ohm output stages for MOSFETs up to 100A 0-95% duty cycle (bootstrap principle) Adj. Short circuit detection level 0.3-2V Adj. Dead time Low quiescent current mode 20uA 2 bit diagnostic Separate Source pin for each MOSFET Functional range 5.5 to 33V Charge pump to boost the supply voltage P-DSO36-Exposed pad allows TA up to 140°C Optimized for applications running at 5.5V supply Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. Bridge Driver ICs -Electric Power Steering l ow co Features overview st features TLE6280GP TLE 7183F TLE 7189F TLE 7185E Supply voltage (operation) 8…30V 5.5 … 28V (CP) 5.5 … 28V (CP) 5.5 … 32V (CP) Duty cycle 0…95% (bootstrap) 0…100% (CP) 0…100% (CP) 0…95% (bootstrap) Low quiescent mode No Yes Yes yes OpAmps - 1 3 - Adjustable Dead time yes yes fix yes Adjustable short circuit detection level yes 5 fixed options yes yes SIL 3 features no no yes no Used in SIL3 applic. Yes Yes Yes Yes Package Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. Electric Power Steering – DC brush Typical ECU Block diagram +12V from Battery Wake-up Supply ICs TLE 4266-2 16-bit MCU XC2300 H-Bridge Driver IC TLE 7181/82EM Belt Pre-Tensioner ECU М Current Sense CAN Transceiver TLE 6250G TLE8250 OptiMOS™-T 40V 5x IPD90N04S3-H4 or 5x IPD80N04S3-06 CAN-Bus / LIN-Bus : all products available at ATV Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. TLE7182EM In Pr oduc tion H-Bridge Driver IC for 12V Vbat Package SSOP24-EP Vs CVREG CB2 DH Voltage-Supply + 100%DC Reverse Polarity Voltage check GH1-2 Driver Current - Sense Over current Low quiesc. current Shoot through Protect. Short Circuit Protection adj. SH1-2 GL1-2 Dead time adj. Voltage check Driver SL IS1 Diagnosis bit 1x ERR1 DT SCDL PWM DIR ENA INH Iout Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. IS2 GND1-4 TLE7182EM Features Output stages of TLE7182EM ~10 Ohm output stages for N-channel MOSFETs Highside stage 0..95%(@20kHz) & 100% Lowside stage 0..100% 4 independent inputs – high flexibility Dead time adjustable Low quiescent current mode 8µA TJ = 25°C; supply voltage range: 7.0..34V Fast and accurate integrated OPAMP Control for reverse polarity MOSFET Adj. Short circuit protection PG SSOP 24 with exposed pad allows Tambient up to 140°C Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. Agenda Low voltage MOS drivers Application Electric Power Steering Application requirements TLE7183 / 89 TLE 7185 TLE7181 / 82 HVAC and Engine cooling fan Application requirements TLE7184 Fuel pump Application requirements TLE7185 Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. HVAC System has Huge Saving Potential PWM Controlled Blower Fan Blower Control via PWM Drastically Reduced Power Losses Technologies available Vbat Vbat Linear PWM Control Control M M Input Input Total Power Saving ~ 80 W Brushless DC Motor Vbat drv drv drv a b n c 3 Phase Motor drv drv drv GND CO2-reduction ~ 1.9 g/km Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. Comparison against linear controlled motor with huge power losses Power on Demand PWM Regulated Water Pump Electric motor driven and demand controlled by PWM Vbat PWM Controlled DC Motor ctrl Reduced Average Power Consumption down to 15W Technologies available Continuously Mechanical Water Pump DC Motor M ctrl GND Brushless DC Motor Vbat Total Equivalent Electric Power Saving ~ 300 W drv drv drv a b n c 3 Phase Motor drv drv drv GND CO2-reduction ~ 7.1. g/km Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. HVAC General statements Main Solution DC Brush motor with linear control -> (Planar MOSFETs) or DC Brush motor with PWM control -> Trench MOSFETs Main trend Main trend DC Brush with PWM Trend to BLDC In use 250W....450W for high end cars Silence drives in luxury cars High maintenance costs (>8h workshop) Reduced EMC Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. HVAC fan and Engine Cooling Fan General block diagram BLDC Supply µC Window watchdog 8 or 16 bit µC B6-Driver IC 1 OPAMPs Protection Diagnosis 40V MOSFET 6x 1 shunts PWM interface BEMF Variations Current sense: Rotor position: Interface: Supply: 1 phase or none 1-3 Hall or BEMF PWM (Majority) or LIN or CAN Dependent on uC – mostly 5V Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. BLDC Motor BLDC Drive for Fans and pumps TLE7184 In P rod uc t io n TLE 7184 Supply µC 5V LDO Window watchdog PWM interface PWM interface 8 or 16 bit µC B6-Driver IC 1 OPAMPs Protection Diagnosis BEMF Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. 40V MOSFET 6x 1 shunts BLDC Motor Application requirements HVAC / Engine cooling fan 6xN MOSFETs PMSM 3φ M 50A B6-Bridge ->Diver Requirements less powerful output stage 10 Ohm Robust to positive and negative spikes +/-7V at SL Floating output stages 4 4 Moderate Price TLE7184 Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. Application requirements HVAC / Engine cooling fan Current measurement Only one shunt for cost reasons very short time to measure current Medium current + low cost power bridge lead to negative spikes at shunt OpAmp requirements input range +/-5V spikes 4 typ. 20 MHz UGBW high bandwidth down to +/- 2mV low input offset high CMRR > 60db minimum TLE7183 / 84 / 85 Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. 6xN MOSFETs PMSM 3φ M Application requirements HVAC / Engine cooling fan Low cost approach / less space Integration of VREG for uC relatively high accuracy for current / temperature measurement VDD regulator 4 Low drop regulator support of 8 and 16 uC up to 70mA 4 5V 2% 5...25mA 3% 5...70mA Sufficient accuray TLE7184 Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. Application requirements HVAC / Engine cooling fan Interface 4 Low cost interface 400Hz PWM Capability of 19.2 kbaud flash mode 4 Switch T2 for bi-directional communication not integrated because bi- directional mode not always needed GND shift requirement of -6V makes external solution cheaper Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. Application requirements HVAC / Engine cooling fan Temperature Measurement Very important in these applications for Control strategy of cooling fan Protection of MOSFETs AnalogTemp= Func(Temp), I-VS-only = Func(Temp) Voltage [V] 2,2 2 1,8 Analog Temp Dev# 12 [V] Analog Temp Dev# 13 [V] 1,6 Analog Temp Dev# 14 [V] Analog Temp Dev# 15 [V] 1,4 Analog Temp Dev# 16 [V] Analog Temp Dev# 21 [V] Analog Temp Dev# 22 [V] 1,2 Analog Temp Dev# 23 [V] 1 -60 Analog Temp Dev# 24 [V] -40 -20 0 20 40 T [°C] 60 80 100 Analog Temp 25 [V] 180 120 140 Dev#160 Integration of two sensors Analog temperature sense (single point calibration recommended) 4 4 Digital over-temp warning Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. Application requirements HVAC / Engine cooling fan Optimized logic Allows operation in application controlled by only interface (wake up on bus) 4 only KL15 (wake up on key) 4 mixed operation 4 Secures IC against thermal cycling even without interference of any uC Dead lock mode 4 Allows uC controlled after-run 4 Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. BLDC Drives ASSP- Approach TLE7184 Features B6 MOS Bridge driver ~10 Ohm output stages for MOSFETs up to 100A Works down to 7V OpAmp (UGBW 20Mhz / <1.5mV) 0-94% duty cycle (bootstrap principle) Protection functions 5V 70mA LDO to support 8 and 16bit uCs PWM interface Precise analog and digital temperature sense Specific Logic VDH switch (disconnects circuit from battery – sleep mode) Simplified ECU for BLDC Motors Features optimized for HVAC and cooling fan applications Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. BLDC Drives ASSP- Approach TLE7186 Features same as TLE7186 U V W voltage feedback additional Simplified Single shunt current sensing Helpful for BEMF Detection Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. Bridge Driver ICs- HVAC / Engine cooling fan Features overview features TLE 7183F TLE 7184F TLE 7186F Supply voltage (operation) 5.5 … 28V (CP) 6 / 7 … 32V 6 / 7 … 32V Duty cycle 0…100% (CP) 0…94% (bootstrap) 0…94% (bootstrap) Low quiescent mode Yes Yes yes OpAmps 1 1 1 5V LDO for uC no yes yes PWM interface - yes yes VDH switch - yes yes Dual temperature sense - yes yes Special logic - yes yes UVW feedback - - yes Package Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. Agenda Low voltage MOS drivers Application Electric Power Steering Application requirements TLE7183 / 89 TLE 7185 TLE7181 / 82 HVAC and Engine cooling fan Application requirements TLE7184 Fuel pump Application requirements TLE7185 Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. Power on Demand PWM Regulated Fuel Pump Electric motor driven and demand controlled by PWM Vbat Direct Switching ctrl Vbat PWM Controlled DC Motor ctrl Reduced Average Power Consumption up to 40 % Technologies available M D DC Motor DC Motor GND M ctrl GND Brushless DC Motor Vbat Total Power Saving ~ 80 W drv drv drv a b n c 3 Phase Motor drv drv drv GND CO2-reduction ~ 1.9 g/km Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. Power on Demand PWM Regulated Fuel Pump Has to run at low battery voltages 5,5V and below 100 to 250W Mainly DC-brush Small trend to BLDC Source : Continental Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. NovalithIC Typical halfbridge - Application Circuit Fuel Pump BTN7960B BTN797xB Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. Integrated protected Half Bridge – NovalithIC Concept Cu rre nt Current Limitation ~70A typ. / 50A min. (low side) Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. -Ch ip 9 m typ. Se n se -On N 7 m typ. No zP C WM harg eP w. um Ac p tive Fre ew hee l Ch ip P kH ip 25 Ch ipBy -Ch BTN797xB in g Enhanced NovalithIC™ family 40% reduced switching losses Enhanced switching speed for reduced switching losses (rise/fall times down to typ. 600ns) Extended operating voltage range down to 4.5 V Optimized for half-bridge applications “Smart clamping” in overvoltage Re Re Re se l ea le se a e l d BTN7973B BTN7973B d as e Rdson=16 Rdson=16 mΩ mΩ (path) (path) Id=70 Id=70 A A (current (current limitation) limitation) BTN7963B BTN7963B d Rdson=16 Rdson=16 mΩ mΩ (path) (path) BTN7933B BTN7933B Id=47 Id=47 A A (current (current limitation) limitation) Rdson=28 Rdson=28 mΩ mΩ (path) (path) Id=32 Id=32 A A (current (current limitation) limitation) Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved. all values typ. @ 25°C TLE7185 Simplified 3-phase driver IC Features B6 MOS Bridge driver ~10 Ohm output stages for MOSFETs up to 100A 0-95% duty cycle (bootstrap principle) Adj. Short circuit detection level 0.3-2V Adj. Dead time Low quiescent current mode 20uA 2 bit diagnostic Separate Source pin for each MOSFET Functional range 5.5 to 33V Charge pump to boost the supply voltage P-DSO36-Exposed pad allows TA up to 140°C Optimized for applications running at 5.5V supply Copyright © Infineon Technologies 2011. All rights reserved.