SmartLEWISTM RX+ TDA5240 Family Enhanced Sensitivity Multi-Configuration Receiver Protocol Examples for ISM Band A pplications Standard Configuration Set for the SmartLEWIS™ RX+ Receiver TDA5240 / 35 A pplication Note v1.0, 6/8/2010 Wireless Control Edition 6/8/2010 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 Munich, Germany © 2010 Infineon Technologies AG All Rights Reserved. LEGAL DISCLAIMER THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS APPLICATION NOTE IS GIVEN AS A HINT FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT ONLY AND SHALL NOT BE REGARDED AS ANY DESCRIPTION OR WARRANTY OF A CERTAIN FUNCTIONALITY, CONDITION OR QUALITY OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT. THE RECIPIENT OF THIS APPLICATION NOTE MUST VERIFY ANY FUNCTION DESCRIBED HEREIN IN THE REAL APPLICATION. INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES HEREBY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES AND LIABILITIES OF ANY KIND (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF NON-INFRINGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF ANY THIRD PARTY) WITH RESPECT TO ANY AND ALL INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS APPLICATION NOTE. Information For further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office (www.infineon.com). Warnings Due to technical requirements, components may contain dangerous substances. For information on the types in question, please contact the nearest Infineon Technologies Office. Infineon Technologies components may be used in life-support devices or systems only with the express written approval of Infineon Technologies, if a failure of such components can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that life-support device or system or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system. Life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body or to support and/or maintain and sustain and/or protect human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user or other persons may be endangered. TDA5240 / 35 Protocol Examples Protocol Examples Revision History: 6/8/2010, v1.0 Previous Revision: Page Subjects (major changes since last revision) Trademarks of Infineon Technologies AG BlueMoon™, COMNEON™, C166™, CROSSAVE™, CanPAK™, CIPOS™, CoolMOS™, CoolSET™, CORECONTROL™, DAVE™, EasyPIM™, EconoBRIDGE™, EconoDUAL™, EconoPACK™, EconoPIM™, EiceDRIVER™, EUPEC™, FCOS™, HITFET™, HybridPACK™, ISOFACE™, I²RF™, IsoPACK™, MIPAQ™, ModSTACK™, my-d™, NovalithIC™, OmniTune™, OptiMOS™, ORIGA™, PROFET™, PRO-SIL™, PRIMARION™, PrimePACK™, RASIC™, ReverSave™, SatRIC™, SensoNor™, SIEGET™, SINDRION™, SMARTi™, SmartLEWIS™, TEMPFET™, thinQ!™, TriCore™, TRENCHSTOP™, X-GOLD™, XMM™, X-PMU™, XPOSYS™. Other Trademarks Advance Design System™ (ADS) of Agilent Technologies, AMBA™, ARM™, MULTI-ICE™, PRIMECELL™, REALVIEW™, THUMB™ of ARM Limited, UK. AUTOSAR™ is licensed by AUTOSAR development partnership. Bluetooth™ of Bluetooth SIG Inc. CAT-iq™ of DECT Forum. COLOSSUS™, FirstGPS™ of Trimble Navigation Ltd. EMV™ of EMVCo, LLC (Visa Holdings Inc.). EPCOS™ of Epcos AG. FLEXGO™ of Microsoft Corporation. FlexRay™ is licensed by FlexRay Consortium. HYPERTERMINAL™ of Hilgraeve Incorporated. IEC™ of Commission Electrotechnique Internationale. IrDA™ of Infrared Data Association Corporation. ISO™ of INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION. MATLAB™ of MathWorks, Inc. MAXIM™ of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. MICROTEC™, NUCLEUS™ of Mentor Graphics Corporation. Mifare™ of NXP. MIPI™ of MIPI Alliance, Inc. MIPS™ of MIPS Technologies, Inc., USA. muRata™ of MURATA MANUFACTURING CO., MICROWAVE OFFICE™ (MWO) of Applied Wave Research Inc., OmniVision™ of OmniVision Technologies, Inc. Openwave™ Openwave Systems Inc. RED HAT™ Red Hat, Inc. RFMD™ RF Micro Devices, Inc. SIRIUS™ of Sirius Sattelite Radio Inc. SOLARIS™ of Sun Microsystems, Inc. SPANSION™ of Spansion LLC Ltd. Symbian™ of Symbian Software Limited. TAIYO YUDEN™ of Taiyo Yuden Co. TEAKLITE™ of CEVA, Inc. TEKTRONIX™ of Tektronix Inc. TOKO™ of TOKO KABUSHIKI KAISHA TA. UNIX™ of X/Open Company Limited. VERILOG™, PALLADIUM™ of Cadence Design Systems, Inc. VLYNQ™ of Texas Instruments Incorporated. VXWORKS™, WIND RIVER™ of WIND RIVER SYSTEMS, INC. ZETEX™ of Diodes Zetex Limited. Last Trademarks Update 2010-03-22 TDA5240 / 35 Protocol Examples Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 Protocol Examples for the ISM Frequency Bands .......................................................................... 5 Legislative Restriction .......................................................................................................................... 5 Jammer Immunity ................................................................................................................................. 5 Current Consumption ........................................................................................................................... 5 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Tools .................................................................................................................................................... 6 TDA5240 Family Explorer (Wizard tab) and Protocol Examples ......................................................... 6 Polling Strategy Excel Sheet ................................................................................................................ 6 TDA5240 Family Explorer (Explore tab) .............................................................................................. 6 Download Information .......................................................................................................................... 6 3 10 Steps to get it running .................................................................................................................. 7 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 Detailed Description of Protocol Examples .................................................................................... 9 2 kbit ASK USA Pattern ....................................................................................................................... 9 2 kbit FSK EU Pattern ........................................................................................................................ 10 2 kbit FSK EU Pattern – Multi-Channel using 2 RF channels ............................................................ 11 Application Note 4 v1.0, 6/8/2010 TDA5240 / 35 Protocol Examples 0BProtocol Examples for the ISM Frequency Bands 1 Protocol Examples for the ISM Frequency Bands In general the RF protocol is always a compromise in terms of sensitivity, current consumption, data throughput, jammer immunity and regional legislative restrictions. The given protocol examples are typical compromises of the above mentioned parameters but of course can always be optimized towards a certain parameter. 1.1 Legislative Restriction The USA patterns are defined to fulfill the FCC Part 15 requirements and take advantage out of the Duty Cycle Correction Factor. The Duty Cycle (FCC15.35) which is mentioned is related to Carrier ON time within a 100ms time slot. This Duty Cycle Correction Factor allows the transmitter counterpart of the TDA5240 receiver family to send with higher output power then initially defined. In the equation below the calculation of the correction factor is depicted. ⎛ T time on in a 100ms window ⎞ K E = 20 log⎜ X ⎟(dB) 100ms ⎝ ⎠ The European equivalent to the FCC is called ETSI. This regulation framework allows in the 434MHz band (433.05 - 434.79MHz) an output power of 10mW if the transmitter has an ON/OFF Duty Cycle below 10% otherwise the output power is limited to 1mW. 1.2 Jammer Immunity The immunity against jammers can be improved by several methods. The best method to achieve excellent immunity performance is the multi-channel concept. The TDA5240 receiver is able to handle this challenge in a very elegant way. The receiver scans several Radio Frequency (RF) channels and processes the data without the need of a microcontroller. If a jammer appears on one of the channels the communication is possible on the other remaining channels. In principle can be stated that the modulation technique has also a contribution to the receiver immunity performance. It can be stated that for limiter based receiver systems, Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) has a higher interferer immunity compared to OOK (On/Off Keying == ASK with 100% modulation index). During the OFF period of the signal the interferer can be directly seen on the Receive Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) voltage. In FSK the signal is always present and the Interferer will be suppressed to a certain extend by the limiter effect. 1.3 Current Consumption All protocols are designed with a Wake up Pattern (WUP), SYNC Pattern, Telegram Start Identifier (TSI) and Payload Data. The most important part to reduce the average current consumption on the receiver side is the WUP frame, which allows the receiver to perform a polling strategy. Polling means that the TDA5240/TDA5235 receiver is alternately changing from active mode (RXRUN Mode) to sleep mode within a specified time period. This polling strategy allows the receiver to reduce the active time significantly and of course the average current consumption. The TDA5240/TDA5235 receiver is able to handle this polling method by itself (autonomous receiver) and just alerts the microcontroller by an Interrupt if the appropriate WUP or TSI Pattern or EOM (End of Message) were found. This very important feature of the TDA5240/TDA5235 receiver family reduces the overall system current consumption because the microcontroller will sleep most of the time and is just interrupted and activated if a valid packet was received. Application Note 5 v1.0, 6/8/2010 TDA5240 / 35 Protocol Examples 1BTools 2 Tools To get the defined protocols properly running, Infineon provides a toolset which helps the developer to verify his work and to see that the receiver is correctly configured. 2.1 TDA5240 Family Explorer (Wizard tab) and Protocol Examples The pre-defined pattern of the protocol examples are all implemented in the so called TDA5240 Family Explorer (use the Wizard pages), which is a GUI describing all registers of the TDA5240/TDA5235 receiver in a way that is easy to understand (TDA5240-35-25_Explorer_B12). For all of the protocol examples described below the configuration files are available and part of this package. The given protocol examples can be used as they are or to ease up your development as starting point for your customizations. 2.2 Polling Strategy Excel Sheet The above mentioned polling strategy is also described in an Excel sheet which automatically calculates the required ON and OFF timings for the given protocol. Infineon also provides this Excel sheet in this package (see file “PollingStrategy__SP_Timings__IFXrefPattern2__2010_06_06.xls”). 2.3 TDA5240 Family Explorer (Explore tab) For working with our evaluation boards, the configurations that are built within the Wizard can be downloaded to the receiver by the TDA5240 Family Explorer software. The Explore tab provides also some basic functionality to react on the occurrence of an interrupt and read out the FIFO automatically, when using the “Run” function. For your test purpose a fixed payload data can be used, and then the add-on function “Correctly received payload data” can be used to provide a vey easy method for a MER measurement (Message Error Rate). 2.4 Download Information The latest documentation and other helpful information can be downloaded from our product homepage (TDA5240 Family). Application Note 6 v1.0, 6/8/2010 TDA5240 / 35 Protocol Examples 2B10 Steps to get it running 3 10 Steps to get it running 1. Download and Install the above mentioned Software Tool ( TDA5240-35-25_Explorer_B12 ). 2. Use the unzipped files from folder \Protocol_Example_V1.0\ and copy these files to your preferred location on your hard or network drive. 3. Connect the TDA5240 Family Eval Board via USB to the PC or Notebook. Then press “Refresh” and afterwards “Open” in the “Chip Control” section to establish a connection to the Eval Board. 1 2 Figure 1 Refresh and Open Communication 4. Within the specified Protocol folders the following files are of importance: a. ProtocolName _spi.def Æ Configuration File (output of Wizard) b. PollingStrategy__SP_Timings__IFXrefPattern2__2010_06_06.xls Æ Polling Strategy XLS Sheet 5. In the TDA5240 Family Explorer load the Configuration File (“Registers” tab Î “Open” button in the “Register Map / SPI File Control” section, then select the desired file from the file dialog) and download the content to the Eval Board via the “Write Registers” button. Figure 2 Open SPI File Figure 3 Write Registers Application Note 7 v1.0, 6/8/2010 TDA5240 / 35 Protocol Examples 2B10 Steps to get it running 6. Connect the 50 Ohm Antenna to the Eval Board 7. Implement the described Protocol Example into an RF transmitter. 8. Switch to the “Explorer” tab within the Explorer tool and activate the “Run” function. You can use the add-on function “Correctly received payload data” as described above. 1 2 3 4 4 Figure 4 “Run” and “Correctly received payload data” Function 9. Trigger the RF transmitter to send out the protocol. 10. The payload of the transmitted data will be depicted in the output fields of the Explorer Tool (see step 4 in Figure above). Application Note 8 v1.0, 6/8/2010 TDA5240 / 35 Protocol Examples 3BDetailed Description of Protocol Examples 4 Detailed Description of Protocol Examples 4.1 2 kbit ASK USA Pattern Figure 5 2 kbit ASK USA Pattern Modulation: Data Rate: Channel frequency: Coding: WUP Data: SYNC Data: TSI Data: Payload: ASK 2 kbit 315.00 MHz Manchester 100 bit all 0 4 bit Æ all 0 8 bit Æ 00010101 11 byte data (could be modified for different applications) Main target: typical application case with high sensitivity Fast Fallback to Sleep Mode (FFB): RX sensitivity: -110.2 dBm Average RX current of TDA5240/35: 1.07 mA Ultra Fast Fallback to Sleep Mode (UFFB): RX sensitivity: -110.2 dBm Average RX current of TDA5240/35: 0.57 mA FCC Duty Cycle factor for TX: Application Note 12.04 dB 9 v1.0, 6/8/2010 TDA5240 / 35 Protocol Examples 3BDetailed Description of Protocol Examples 4.2 2 kbit FSK EU Pattern Figure 6 2 kbit FSK EU Pattern Modulation: FSK Data Rate: 2 kbit Channel frequency: 433.92 MHz FSK Deviation: +/- 35 kHz Coding: Manchester WUP Data: 100 bit all 0 SYNC Data: 4 bit Æ all 0 TSI Data: 8 bit Æ 00010101 Payload: 11 byte data (could be modified for different applications) Main target: typical application with high sensitivity, higher immunity against jammer Fast Fallback to Sleep Mode (FFB): RX sensitivity: -112.0 dBm Average RX current of TDA5240/35: 1.07 mA Ultra Fast Fallback to Sleep Mode (UFFB): RX sensitivity: -112.0 dBm Average RX current of TDA5240/35: 0.58 mA Application Note 10 v1.0, 6/8/2010 TDA5240 / 35 Protocol Examples 3BDetailed Description of Protocol Examples Figure 7 Ch1 Ch2 Ch1 Ch2 Ch1 Ch2 2 kbit FSK EU Pattern – Multi-Channel using 2 RF channels Ch1 Ch2 4.3 2 kbit FSK EU Pattern – Multi-Channel Modulation: FSK Data Rate: 2 kbit Channel frequency: Ch1: 433.92 MHz Ch2: 434.42 MHz FSK Deviation: +/- 35 kHz Coding: Manchester WUP Data: 100 bit all 0 SYNC Data: 4 bit Æ all 0 TSI Data: 8 bit Æ 00010101 Payload: 11 byte data (could be modified for different applications) Main target: typical application with high sensitivity, even higher immunity against jammer Fast Fallback to Sleep Mode (FFB): RX sensitivity: -112.1 dBm Average RX current of TDA5240: 2.1 mA Ultra Fast Fallback to Sleep Mode (UFFB): RX sensitivity: -112.0 dBm Average RX current of TDA5240: 1.1 mA Note: On using TDA5235 a two channel configuration can be established when setting RF channel 1 within Configuration A and RF channel 2 within Configuration B. The polling strategy keeps the same as the required time for a channel hop and for a configuration hop is the same. Application Note 11 v1.0, 6/8/2010 w w w . i n f i n e o n . c o m Published by Infineon Technologies AG