Выполненные проекты HVDC

www.siemens.com/energy/hvdc
HVDC – High Voltage
Direct Current Power Transmission
Unrivaled practical experience
Answers for energy.
HVDC – High Voltage
Direct Current Power Transmission
often is the best Strategy
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In-service date
Page
01 2011 Mundra–HaryanaIndia 5
02 2011 COMETA
Spain6
03 2011 BritNed, Great Britain Netherlands7
04 2010 Xiangjiaba–ShanghaiChina
8
05 2010 Trans Bay Cable ProjectUSA
9
06 2010 Storebælt
Denmark10
07 2010 Ballia–Bhiwadi
India11
08 2009 Yunnan–GuangdongChina
12
09 2008 Guizhou–Guangdong IIChina
13
10 2007 East-South Interconnector II UpgradeIndia
14
11 2007 Neptune RTS
USA15
12 2006 Basslink
Australia16
13 2005 Lamar
USA17
14 2004 Guizhou–GuangdongChina
18
15 2004 Nelson River Bipole 1Canada 19
16 2004 Celilo
USA20
17 2003 East-South Interconnector II­India
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18 2001 Moyle
Northern Ireland/Scotland 22
19 2001 Thailand–Malaysia
Thailand/Malaysia23
20 2000 Tianshengqiao–GuangzhouChina
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04
08
09
14
21
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21 1995 Sylmar East
USA25
22 1995 Welsh
USA26
23 1993 Wien-Suedost
Austria27
24 1993 Etzenricht
Germany28
25 1989 Gezhouba–Nan QiaoChina
26 1987 Virginia Smith
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USA30
27 1984 Poste Châteauguay Canada31
12
28 1983 Dürnrohr
Austria32
29 1981 Acaray
Paraguay33
30 1977 Nelson River, Bipole 2Canada 34
31 1975 Cahora Bassa
1998
South Africa / Mozambique 35
3
Direct current –
direct success!
AC technology has proved very effective in the ­f ield
of generation, transmission and distribution of
electrical energy.
Nevertheless, there are tasks which cannot be ­
performed economically or with technical ­perfection 
by this method.
For instance:
■ Economical power transmission over very
long distances, power transmission via cables
■ Power transmission between networks operating
asynchronously or at different frequencies
■ Input of additional power without i­ ncreasing
the short ­circuit ratio of the network concerned.
For all these tasks High Voltage Direct C
­ urrent Power T
­ ransmission
is not only a r­ ealistic tech­nical and economical alternative to
AC technology, but also the only p
­ ossible transmission method.
The plants listed in the following pages show the power ­ratings
and technical ­standards of our HVDC equipment ­installed throughout the world.
4
Mundra–Haryana,
India
In April 2009 Adani Power Ltd. awarded the contract
to Siemens for a 2500 MW HVDC converter system.
This is the first HVDC contract being awarded by a private
sector company in India. The power transmission system
will transport electrical energy with low loss from Mundra
in Gujarat, Western India to Mohindergarh in Haryana,
Northern India, through a DC line length of 960 km. This
link supports the Adani Group’s Green Initiative to transmit power with minimized loss of energy thanks to most
modern technology.
The bipolar DC system is rated for a continuous power
of 2500 MW (± 500 kV, 2500 A) at the DC terminals of
the rectifier/converter station. The HVDC scheme can
be operated in bipolar and monopolar mode with ground
return or metallic return. Pole 1 of the ± 500 kV DC Transmission scheme is planned to be put in o
­ peration at the
beginning of October 2011, whereas pole 2 is supposed
to follow in December 2011. The new long-distance HVDC
transmission link will be the third system that Siemens has
built in India in succession.
Customer
Adani Power Ltd.
Project name
Mundra–Haryana
Location
Gujarat province to
Haryana province
Power ­rating
2,500 MW, bipolar
Type of plant
Long-distance transmission,
960 km
Voltage levels
± 500 kV DC,
400 kV, 50 Hz
Type of
thyristor
Direct-light-triggered,
8 kV
China
Lahore
Haryana
Delhi
s
Pakistan
Technical Data
In
du
Bhiwadi
Nepal
Karachi
Ganges
Mundra
India
Ballia
Bangladesh
Calcutta
Bombay
5
COMETA,
Spain
Red Eléctrica de España signed the contract with Siemens
in October 2007 for design, d
­ elivery, and construction of
2 x 200 MW HVDC bipole converter stations. Commercial
operation started in July 2011. The COMETA HVDC project,
under the responsibility of Red Eléctrica de España,
­connects the Spanish peninsula with the Ballearic island
of Mallorca in order to meet the increasing demand of
electric power on the island.
The transmission system is designed as a bipolar interconnector with metallic return conductor. One converter
station is located near the city of V
­ alencia on the Spanish
peninsula, where an existing power plant will be connected to the HVDC via a HIS Switchgear and HVAC cables
(also supplied by Siemens). The other converter ­station
on Mallorca is located at Santa Ponsa near the capital city,
Palma de Mallorca.
The COMETA submarine link crosses the Mediterranean
Sea in a maximum depth of 1,500 meters, has a length
of approximately 250 km and consists of three sea cables,
one HV cable per pole and one cable as metallic return
conductor.
France
Barcelona
Madrid
Valencia
Spain
Palma de
Mallorca
Ibiza
Mallorca
Mediterranean Sea
6
Technical Data
Customer
Red Eléctrica de España
Project name
COMETA
Location
Spain–Mallorca
Power ­rating
2 x 200 MW, bipolar
Type of plant
Submarine cable transmission,
250 km
Voltage levels
±250 kV DC, 50 Hz,
400 kV/230 kV AC, 50 Hz
Type of
thyristor
Direct-light-triggered (LTT),
8 kV
BritNed, Great Britain,
Netherlands
In May 2007 BritNed Development Limited (owned by
the TSOs National Grid International and TenneT) awarded
the contract for the BritNed HVDC converter stations to
a consortium of Siemens and BAM Civiel BV. The BritNed
HVDC transmission system connects the grid in the
UK with the Dutch part of the UCTE grid. It is a 1,000 MW
HVDC interconnection across the southern part of the
North Sea, linking the 400 kV ­substations on the Isle of
Grain, on the southern bank of the Thames Estuary, and
Maasvlakte near Rotterdam.
The HVDC system is designed as a bipole with fast bypass
switches without metallic or ground return. The converter
uses quadruple thyristor valves in a double tower configuration, single-phase three-winding converter transformers,
air core smoothing reactors, indoor DC switchgear, and
double branch AC filters with triple-tuned branches.
Commercial operation of the inter­connection started
in 2011.
Technical Data
Customer
BritNed Development Limited
Project name
BritNed
Location
Isle of Grain on the southern bank
of the Thames Estuary in the UK,
and Maasvlakte west of Rotterdam
in The Netherlands
Power ­rating
1,000 MW,
bipolar
Type of plant
Submarine cable transmission,
260 km
Voltage levels
± 450 kV DC,
400 kV, 50 Hz
Type of
thyristor
Direct-light-triggered,
8 kV
Glasgow
United
Kingdom
London
Maasvlakte
Isle of Grain
Netherlands
Rotterdam
Belgium
Germany
France
7
Xiangjiaba–Shanghai,
China
In June 2010, State Grid Corporation of China
commissioned the 800 kV HVDC Xiangjiaba-Shanghai
transmission system. The high-voltage direct-current
transmission link (HVDC) is the most powerful and longest
transmission of its kind to be implemented anywhere in
the world at that time, transmitting 6,400 MW of power
over a distance of nearly 2,000 kilometers. Siemens Energy
has equipped the sending converter station Fulong for
this link with ten DC converter transformers, including
five rated at 800 kV. Apart from that, Siemens provides
the power electronics (6-inch thyristor valve towers and
interfaces) together with its partner XD Xi’an Power
Rectifier Works.
The HVDC transmission link transmits 6,400 MW of hydro
power from South-Western China to Shanghai on China’s
East Coast over a distance of about 2,000 kilometers.
The Xiangjiaba-Shanghai link also operates with a transmission DC voltage of 800 kV to further minimize transmission
losses. Thanks to the use of environmentally friendly
hydro power generation and low-loss HVDC transmission,
the new system will save up to 44 million metric tons of
CO2 p.a. versus local power supply with energy-mix.
Technical Data
Customer
State Grid Corporation of China and
XD Xi’an Power Rectifier Works (XPR)
Project name
Xiangjiaba
Location
Xiangjiaba–Shanghai
Power ­rating
6,400 MW, bipolar
Type of plant
Long-distance transmission,
2070 km
Voltage levels
± 800 kV DC,
525 kV AC, 50 Hz
Type of
thyristor
Electrically-triggered, 8 kV
(6 inches)
4"
The ten HVDC transformers which Siemens has supplied
for the Fulong converter station in Sichuan close to the
Xiangjiaba hydro power plant were built at the company’s
transformer facility in Nuremberg. This applies in particular
for the newly developed 800 kV HVDC transformers that
are in the highest voltage class at the present time. Last
year Siemens became the world’s first manufacturer to
supply and commission 800 kV converter transformers.
6-inch thyristor
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Shandong
Ganzu
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Xiangjiaba
ha
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Jiangsu
Hubei
Ch
Sichuan
Henan
Guizhou
Hunan
Jiangxi
East
China Sea
Fujian
Yunnan
Guangxi
Guangdong
Zhuang A. R. Shenzen
Kunming
China
Hong Kong
Laos
Hanoi
8
Taipei
Taiwan
South
China Sea
5"
6"
Trans Bay Cable Project,
USA
Trans Bay Cable, LLC, awarded Siemens a c­ ontract to
construct a submarine High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC)
transmission link between San Francisco’s city center and
a ­Pacific Gas & Electric substation near Pittsburg, California.
The Trans Bay Cable Project transmits 400 MW active
power and ± 170 Mvar reactive power (statcom function)
and is the first order for the innovative HVDC PLUS technology by Siemens. This project is a milestone of the
HVDC PLUS technology in terms of providing densely
populated areas with new transmission capacity.
Siemens HVDC PLUS System is based on a multilevel
Voltage Sourced Converter Technology. Its innovative
design offers technical and economical advantages.
HVDC PLUS enhances the performance of the transmission
grid, improves reliability, and reduces maintenance costs.
HVDC PLUS is the preferred solution in space-constrained
environments, as you will find them in San Francisco.
Technical Data
Customer
Trans Bay Cable, LLC
Project name
Trans Bay Cable Project
Location
Pittsburg, California,
and San Francisco, California
Power ­rating
400 MW
Type of plant
85 km HVDC PLUS submarine cable
Voltage levels
± 200 kV DC,
230 kV/138 kV, 60 Hz
Type of
semiconductor
IGBT
The heart of the HVDC PLUS converter stations is the
multilevel converter where the conversion from AC to DC
transmission, and vice versa, takes place. In comparison
with line-commutated converters based on thyristor technology, the HVDC PLUS system operates with powered
semiconductors with turn-on and turn-off capability
(IGBT). After commissioning in 2010, the Trans Bay Cable
Project is anticipated to meet the California Independent
System Operator’s (ISO) planning and reliability standards.
United States
of America
Santa Rosa
Pittsburg
Oakland
San Francisco
Potrero
Pacific
Ocean
San Jose
© Hawkeye Photography
9
Storebælt,
Denmark
In May 2007 the Danish TSO, Energinet.dk, awarded
the contract for the Storebælt HVDC converters to
­Siemens.
The Storebælt HVDC transmission system connects
the grid in Jutland/Funen (a part of the UCTE system)
with the Zealand Grid, which is a part of the NORDEL
system.
It is a 600 MW HVDC interconnection across the Storebælt
Strait, linking the 400 kV substations Fraugde near Odense
on the island of Funen and Herslev near Kalundborg on
the island of Zealand. The HVDC system is designed as
a monopole with ­metallic return. Approximately half of
the 56 km DC cable route is a land cable. The converter
uses quadruple thyristor valves in a single tower configuration, single-phase three-winding converter transformers,
air core smoothing reactors and triple-tuned AC filters.
Commercial operation of the inter­connection started
in 2010.
Norway
Sweden
Denmark
Herslev
Fraugde
Copenhagen
Netherlands
Poland
Germany
10
Technical Data
Customer
Energinet.dk
Project name
Storebælt
Location
The islands Funen (Fyn)
and ­Zealand (Sjælland) in Denmark
Power ­rating
600 MW,
monopolar
Type of plant
Submarine cable transmission,
56 km
Voltage levels
400 kV DC,
400 kV, 50 Hz
Type of
thyristor
Direct-light-triggered,
8 kV
Ballia–Bhiwadi,
India
In March 2007 Powergrid of India awarded the contract
for the largest HVDC system in India to a consortium
formed by Siemens and Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd.
(BHEL). The project will transmit power from the ­Ballia
Power Pool in Uttar Pradesh to the Bhiwadi Substation
in Rajasthan, only 80 km from Delhi.
The HVDC system will improve the power supply of the
fast-growing Delhi metropolitan region without the need
for installation additional power plants in this highly
urbanized area. The contract includes the engineering,
supply, installation, and commissioning, as well as all
civil works on a turnkey basis.
Siemens is responsible for design, supply of foreign
equipment (including 8 converter transformers), civil
works, installation and commissioning. The BHEL will
supply 8 converter transformers as well as all material
from India.
Technical Data
Customer
Powergrid Corporation of India Ltd.
Project name
Ballia–Bhiwadi
Location
Uttar Pradesh province
to Rajasthan province
Power ­rating
2,500 MW,
bipolar
Type of plant
Long-distance transmission,
800 km
Voltage levels
± 500 kV DC,
400 kV, 50 Hz
Type of
thyristor
Direct-light-triggered,
8 kV
The commercial operation of the project started in 2010
in order to meet the increasing power demand.
China
Lahore
Delhi
Bhiwadi
Nepal
In
du
s
Pakistan
Karachi
Ganges
India
Ballia
Bangladesh
Calcutta
Bombay
11
Yunnan–Guangdong,
China
The long-distance transmission system of the Yunnan–
Guangdong DC Transmission Project transmits 5,000 MW
from the Chuxiong substation in Yunnan to the load ­center
of the Pearl River delta in Guangdong. The contract was
awarded in June 2007. Commercial operation of the
first 800 kV pole started in December 2009, the complete
bipole is in operation since June 2010. The system, with
a transmission voltage of ±800 kV DC, sets a new dimension
in the development of HVDC systems.
The bipolar system uses two series valve groups per pole:
one 12 pulse valve group is rated 400 kV; the other is
rated 800 kV. Apart from the converter valves, the other
major components with insulation levels of 800 kV are the
single-phase two-winding converter transformers and airinsulated smoothing reactors. The modular converter
groups are equipped with direct light-triggered thyristors
with water cooling. The 800 kV equipment in the DC Yard,
e.g. b
­ ushings, support insulators, switches, and a
­ rrester
are of composite type with silicone rubber external insulation to offer improved operation under severe environmental conditions. DC harmonic filtering is achieved
through triple-tuned filters, whereas for AC h
­ armonic
­filtering double-tuned filters together with a special
low-order ­filter are used.
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Wuhan
Gezhouba
China
Guizhou
Zh
Ch
Ji
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an
Ch
Sichuan
Hunan
Jiangxi
East
China Sea
Fujian
Yunnan
Guangxi
Kunming
Zhuang A. R.
Guangdong
Shenzen
Hong Kong
Laos
Hanoi
Vietnam
12
South
China Sea
Taipei
Taiwan
Technical Data
Customer
China Southern Power Grid
Project name
Yunnan–Guangdong
Location
Chuxiong City/Yunnan–Zengcheng
City/Guangdong
Power ­rating
5,000 MW,
bipolar with series valve groups
Type of plant
Long-distance bipole,
1418 km
Voltage levels
±800 kV DC,
525 kV, 50 Hz
Type of
thyristor
Direct-light-triggered (LTT),
8 kV
Guizhou–Guangdong II,
China
The DC Transmission Project (the long-distance transmission system of the Guizhou-Guangdong II line
± 500 kV) transmits 3,000 MW power from the ­Xingren
substation in the Guizhou Province of Southwest ­China to
the load center of Shenzhen in the Guangdong Province.
The system has a long-term overload capability of up to
115 %. Power transmission in the reverse direction is also
possible. The project is carried out in cooperation with
Chinese partners supported by Siemens. The bipolar system
is designed for a ceiling sus­pended 12-pulse converter
bridge arrangement with ­single-phase two-winding converter transformers and oil-insulated smoothing reactors.
The 500 kV DC converter groups of modular design are
equipped with direct light-triggered thyristors with water
cooling. Most of the DC equipment is provided with composite housings improving the performance of operation
under s­ evere environmental conditions.
For harmonic filtering triple tuned AC and DC filters are
used. The design considers the installation at 1450 m
above sea level (Xingren converter station). The inter­
connection of the neutrals of both stations is implemented
by means of ground electrodes. The contract was awarded
in May 2005.
Technical Data
Customer
China Southern Power Grid
Project name
Guizhou–Guangdong II Line
± 500 kV DC Transmission Project
Location
Xingren / Guizhou–
Shenzhen / Guangdong
Power ­rating
3,000 MW,
bipolar
Type of plant
Long-distance bipole, 1,225 km
Voltage levels
± 500 kV DC,
525 kV, 50 Hz
Type of
thyristor
Direct-light-triggered,
8 kV
After successful completion of the test phase, Siemens
Energy commissioned the “Guizhou-Guangdong II” high
voltage DC transmission link (HVDC) on schedule at the
beginning of January 2008.
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Guizhou
Hunan
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Sichuan
Jiangxi
East
China Sea
Fujian
Yunnan
Guangxi
Zhuang A. R.
Laos
Guangdong
Guangzhou
Taipei
Taiwan
Hong Kong
Hanoi
South
China Sea
Vietnam
13
East-South Interconnector II Upgrade,
India
In April 2006 Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. awarded
the contract to Siemens to upgrade the power transmission
capacity from 2,000 MW to 2,500 MW on the existing
Talcher Kolar HVDC Long Distance Transmission system.
Since 2003, the 2,000 MW High Voltage Direct Current
(HVDC) System “East-South Interconnector II” links the
power generation centre of Talcher in the eastern part
of India with the r­ apidly developing industrial and hightech area of Bangalore in the south over a line length of
nearly 1,400 km. The conventional method to increase
the power of a transmission system is to increase the transmission voltage or to increase the current flow through
the DC-line. Both measures require extensive and costintensive modifications of the system.
Siemens experts have developed an innovative ­solution
not usually used for HVDC systems. With the aid of software systems known as Relative Aging Indication (RAI)
and Load Factor Limitation (LFL), a first-time-introduced
forced air cooling system for the DC smoothing reactors
and other additional measures, it is possible to utilize the
overload capacity of the s­ ystem more effectively without
installing additional thyristors connected in series or in
parallel to increase the DC transmission voltage or the
DC ­current respectively.
Karachi
Ganges
India
Bangladesh
Calcutta
Talcher
Bombay
Hyderabad
Kolar
Madras
Bangalore
14
Bay of
Bengal
Technical Data
Customer
Powergrid Corporation of India Ltd.
Project name
Upgrade of Talcher Kolar HVDC
Project from 2,000 MV to 2,500 MV
Location
Orissa province
to Karnataka province
Power ­rating
2,500 MW,
bipolar
Type of plant
Long-distance transmission,
1,450 km
Voltage levels
± 500 kV DC,
400 kV, 50 Hz
Type of
thyristor
Electrically-triggered-thyristor,
8 kV (100 mm)
Neptune RTS,
USA
The Neptune HVDC project connects the TSO Long Island
Power Authority to the competitive PJM market and provides power to a fast-growing load center on Long Island.
The system is a monopolar cable transmission link with a
DC voltage of 500 kV and a continuous power transmission
rating of 660 MW. The cable stretches from First Energy
Inc.’s substation in Sayreville, N.J., to Uniondale, N.Y.-based
LIPA’s Newbridge Road substation in Levittown. Siemens,
as the leader of the consortium for this turnkey project, was
responsible for the installation of two converter ­stations.
Furthermore, Siemens is to operate the link for a five-year
period. The consortium partner Prysmian (formerly Pirelli)
delivered and installed the cable package including a 82 km
DC submarine cable section from New Jersey to the landfall
at Jones Beach followed by a 23 km DC land cable section to
the Converter Station as well as the AC cable connections
from the two converter stations to the grid. The project
was developed by Neptune RTS over a period of ­several
years. The EPC contract was awarded on July 15th, 2005.
­Execution time of the project was 24 months.
Technical Data
Customer
Neptune RTS
Project name
Neptune RTS
Location
USA / New Jersey–New York
Power ­rating
660 MW continuous,
up to 750 overload for 4 hours
Type of plant
Submarine cable transmission,
105 km
Voltage levels
500 kV,
230 /345 kV, 60 Hz
Type of
thyristor
Direct-light-triggered,
8 kV
Duffy Avenue,
Long Island, New York
Sayreville,
New Jersey
Atlantic
Ocean
15
Basslink,
Australia
The Basslink cable link, which went into operation in 2006,
represents the first interconnection between the states
of Tasmania and Victoria. Both states benefit from this
link, which operates in both directions. Tasmania relies
entirely on hydroelectric plants to generate electricity;
Basslink allows the i­mport of base load from Victorian
coal-fired power plants, thus improving supply reliability
in periods of drought. On the other side, Victoria is able
to ­improve its peak load supply with green energy from
Tasmania.
Tasmania’s first-ever access to the National Energy Market
(NEM) has also increased competition within Australia.
The transmission system is designed as a monopolar interconnector with metallic return. As consortium leader,
Siemens augmented two ­existing AC substations and
provided 5 km of AC overhead line, the HVDC converter
stations, and 66 km of DC overhead line. Basslink now
represents one of the longest submarine power links in
the world, with a submarine cable length of approximately
295 km that crosses the Bass Strait. The EPC contract was
awarded in the year 2000, and authorities approved the
project in the second half of 2002 after extensive environmental impact studies.
Brisbane
Australia
Sydney
Canberra
Adelaide
Melbourne
Loy Yang
Tasman
Sea
George Town
Hobart
16
Technical Data
Customer
National Grid Australia
Project name
Basslink Interconnector
Location
Loy Yang / Victoria
to George Town / Tasmania
Power ­rating
500 MW continuous, up to 626 MW
overload for 8 hours / day
Type of plant
Submarine cable transmission,
295 km
Voltage levels
400 kV DC,
500 kV 50 Hz (Victoria)
220 kV 50 Hz (Tasmania)
Type of
thyristor
Direct-light-triggered,
8 kV
Lamar,
USA
In February 2003 Xcel Energy awarded the contract to
Siemens for the design, procurement, construction, and
commissioning of the Back-to-Back DC Converter station
located in Lamar, Colorado. The tie connects Xcel Energy’s
Southwestern Public Service Company system in the East
(345 kV AC) with its Public Service Company of Colorado
system in the West (230 kV AC), and has a bidirectional
power transfer capability of 210 MW (nominal).
Technical Data
Customer
Xcel Energy
Project name
Lamar
Location
Lamar / Colorado / USA
Power ­rating
As one of its main features, the converter station provides
continuously adjustable voltage control on the weak
AC System.
210 MW,
continuous
Type of plant
Back-to-back tie
Voltage levels
The Eastern part and the Western part of the United States
is not electrically synchronized. The dividing line is roughly
down the eastern borders of Montana, Wyoming Colorado,
and New Mexico. The L­ amar project has been commercial
operation since January 2005. The Back-to-Back DC converter station is highly cost-efficient due to a new grounding concept of the DC circuit. This concept allows the use
of standard distribution transformers instead of special
HVDC converter transformers. Standardized components
result in shorter delivery time, and allow for high ­local
manufacturing content.
63.6 kV DC,
230 kV AC, 60 Hz
(West Lamar/Colorado)
345 kV AC, 60 Hz
(Easy Finney/Kansas)
Type of
thyristor
Direct-light-triggered,
8 kV
Denver
St. Louis
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Chicago
United States of America
Santa Fe
Ar
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Dallas
New Orleans
Mexico R
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Houston
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Gulf of
Mexico
Monterrey
17
Guizhou–Guangdong,
China
The HVDC long-distance transmission system of Gui-Guang
transmits 3,000 MW of power from the A
­ nshun substation
in Guizhou Province in southwest China to the Zhaoqing
converter station in Guangdong Province near the load
center of Guangzhou. It is a bipolar system, each pole
comprising a 12-pulse converter bridge suspended from
the ceiling. The thyristors are water-cooled and directlight-triggered. The converter transformers are of the
single-phase two-winding type. Triple-tuned filters
are used for filtering harmonics on the DC- and AC-side
of the converters. The smoothing reactors are of the oil-­
immersed type. The contract was awarded in October
2001. Commercial operation started in October 2004
(six months ahead of scheduled time).
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Shanghai
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Wuhan
Zh
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Sichuan
China
Guizhou
Hunan
Jiangxi
East
China Sea
Fujian
Yunnan
Guangxi
Guangdong
Zhuang A. R.
Laos
Guangzhou
Hong Kong
Hanoi
Vietnam
18
South
China Sea
Taipei
Taiwan
Technical Data
Customer
China Southern Power Grid
Project name
Gui-Guang
Location
Guizhou–Guangdong
Power ­rating
3,000 MW,
bipolar
Type of plant
Long-distance transmission,
980 km
Voltage levels
± 500 kV DC,
525 kV, 50 Hz
Type of
thyristor
Direct-light-triggered,
8 kV
Nelson River Bipole 1,
Canada
In 2002 Siemens received the contract to replace 36
mercury arc valves (MRVs) with thyristor valves. Bipole 1
of the Nelson river scheme had been in operation since
1970. Both poles were equipped with mercury arc valves
­designed for service life of 20 years. The old valves of
Bipole 1, Pole 1 were replaced by thyristor valves 10 years
ago. By using the best valves as spare parts for Pole 2,
operation for 10 more years was possible. In 2001 Manitoba
Hydro decided to also replace the MRVs of Pole 2 with
thyristor valves to increase the reliability of the whole
scheme. To minimize the outage time of this highly
utilized scheme, replacement was performed in 3 lots.
For each lot 12 thyristor valves and 2 cooling units as
well as new surge arresters are supplied. The overall
completion time for the replacement was 27 months
with a delivery time for the first lot of 13 months.
Siemens delivered light-triggered thyristors, the same
type as supplied for the Moyle ­Interconnector and the
Celilo project. For ­future ­upgrading of the system the
thyristor valves are rated for 500 kV with 2,000 A nominal
current.
Technical Data
Customer
Manitoba Hydro (Winnipeg)
Project name
Bipole 1, Pole 2
Valve Replacement
Location
Radisson Converter Station
on ­Nelson River Dorsey Converter
­Station near Winnipeg, both in
Manitoba, Canada
Power ­rating
1,000 MW
Type of plant
Long-distance transmission,
900 km
Voltage levels
±500 kV DC,
230 /138 kV, 60 Hz
Type of
thyristor
Direct-light-triggered,
8 kV
To meet the customer‘s demand for a short outage time
the thyristor valves were designed to fit on to the existing
support structure and therefore no time-consuming changes
involving civil works are n
­ ecessary.
Hudson Bay
Canada
Gillam
Nel
son
Calgary
Winnipeg
United States of America
Minneapolis
19
Celilo, Mercury Arc Valve Replacement,
USA
In December 2000, Bonneville Power Administration
(BPA) in Portland, Oregon, USA had to decide how to
­proceed with the Celilo Converter Station which was
30 years old meanwhile, and considering that the Pacific
Intertie is a major contributor to satisfying California’s
electrical energy needs. The critical components were
the mercury arc valves: they had been designed for a
service life of 20 years; they require high maintenance
efforts, are very unreliable, and the manufacturer had
stopped supplying spare parts long ago. Based on the
decision, BPA awarded Siemens a contract for the supply
of 36 HVDC t­ hyristor valves with direct-light-triggered
thyristors for the Celilo Converter Station of the Pacific
Intertie, to replace the mercury arc valves – representing
a converter rating of 1,600 MW. The delivery in three
phases was completed within 20 months.
In addition, all cooling towers in the 3,100 MW con­verter
station were replaced by dry-type cooling ­towers. In 1997
Siemens provided BPA with a thyristor valve including
the newly developed technology of direct-light-triggered
thyristors for commercial d
­ emonstration during a period
of two years. It was ­replacing a mercury arc valve. Due
to the excellent performance, BPA purchased the valve
already after 11 months of operation. It has been in service ever since without any fault or failure.
Canada
Calgary
Vancouver
Colu
The Dalles
mbia
Portland
20
Co
San Francisco
lor
ado
United States
of America
Technical Data
Customer
Bonneville Power Administration
(BPA)
Project name
Celilo Mercury Arc
Replacement Project
Location
The Dalles, Oregon, USA
Power ­rating
3,100 MW,
bipolar
Type of plant
Long-distance transmission
Voltage levels
± 400 kV DC,
230 kV, 60 Hz
Type of
thyristor
Direct-light-triggered,
8 kV
East-South Interconnector II,
­India
In March 2000 Siemens received an order for a longdistance HVDC transmission project from the Power Grid
Corporation of India Limited. From now on power is transmitted from the eastern region (Orissa province) to the
southern part (Karnataka province) of the subcontinent
by means of a bipolar HVDC ­system, thus integrating these
two regional asynchronous networks into the national
grid, ensuring a reliable and flexible power transfer
nationwide. This is the sixth HVDC project in India, the
­largest so far regarding rated transmission power and
transmission distance. Commercial operation started
in 2003.
Technical Data
Customer
Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd.
Project name
East-South Interconnector II
Location
Orissa province
to Karnataka province
Power ­rating
2,000 MW,
bipolar
Type of plant
Long-distance transmission,
1,450 km
Voltage levels
± 500 kV DC,
400 kV, 50 Hz
Type of
thyristor
Electrically-triggered-thyristor,
8 kV (100 mm ∅)
Karachi
Ganges
India
Bangladesh
Calcutta
Talcher
Bombay
Hyderabad
Bay of
Bengal
Kolar
Madras
Bangalore
21
Moyle,
Northern Ireland/Scotland
The Moyle Interconnector Project provides a vital link
in electricity supply, enhancing both security and
competition in the emerging market of Northern I­reland.
The configuration of the transmission system is two
monopolar submarine HVDC links operating in parallel
on the AC systems. Each pole is rated 250 MW in both
directions at 250 kV DC. For the first time in a commercial
HVDC system, the converter stations are equipped with
the latest achievement in highvoltage semiconductor
technology: d
­ irect-light-triggered thyristors with integrated
overvoltage protection. By introducing this new technology,
the number of electrical parts in the HVDC thyristor valve
is considerably reduced, resulting in better ­reliability and
longer maintenance intervals. The contract for the Moyle
Interconnector turnkey supply of the converter stations
was awarded in September 1999. Taking-over certificate
by the customer was i­ssued in November 2001.
Glasgow
Belfast
Dublin
United
Kingdom
London
Ireland
22
Technical Data
Customer
Moyle Interconnector Ltd. (MIL)
Northern Ireland
Project name
Moyle Interconnector
Location
Northern Ireland, Scotland
Power ­rating
2 x 250 MW, monopolar
Type of plant
Submarine cable transmission,
64 km
Voltage levels
2 x 250 kV DC,
275 kV, 50 Hz
Type of
thyristor
Direct-light-triggered,
8 kV
Thailand–Malaysia
This HVDC long-distance transmission system interconnecting the 230 kV AC network of Thailand with
the 275 kV AC network of Malaysia is implemented
in the first stage as a 300 MW monopolar metallic ­return
scheme. As a turnkey project, complete HVDC system
design and network integration, delivery of the converter
stations, AC switchgear, and the interconnecting 300 kV DC
overhead line was included in Siemens’ scope of supply.
Commercial operation started in 2001.
Customer
Electricity Generating Authority
of Thailand (EGAT)
Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB)
Project name
Thailand-Malaysia
Location
Khlong Ngae–Gurun
Power ­rating
300 MW,
monopolar
Type of plant
Long-distance transmission,
110 km
Voltage levels
300 kV DC,
EGAT: 230 kV, 50 Hz
TNB: 275 kV, 50 Hz
Type of
thyristor
Electrically-triggered-thyristor,
8 kV (100 mm Ø)
Thailand
Vietna
m
Thailand
Bangkok
Technical Data
Khlong Ngae
Cambodia
Gurun
Ho Chi
Minh
Malaysia
Brunei
Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia
Singapore
Indonesia
23
Tianshengqiao–Guangzhou,
China
The HVDC long-distance transmission system Tian-Guang
carries 1,800 MW of electrical power from the hydropower
plant Tianshengqiao in southwest China to the load center
of Guangzhou in the south. It is a bipolar system, each pole
comprising a 12-pulse converter valve group, with the
valve ­towers hanging from a special ceiling construction.
The ­thyristors are water-cooled. The transformers are of the
single phase three-winding type with bushings protruding
into the valve hall. Active DC filters are implemented in
this system for absorption of DC harmonics to avoid interference on neighboring communication lines. The contract
was awarded in 1997; commercial operation started in
2000.
Hubei
g
on
Shanghai
ng
ia
ej
China
Guizhou
Yunnan
Anhui
gd
g
Wuhan
Zh
an
Ch
Ch
Ji
g
an
on
Sichuan
Hunan
Tianshengqiao
Jiangxi
Fujian
Guangdong
Guangxi
Guangzhou
Zhuang A. R.
Laos
Hong Kong
Hanoi
Vietnam
24
East
China Sea
South
China Sea
Taipei
Taiwan
Technical Data
Customer
China Southern Power Grid
Project name
Tian-Guang
Location
Tianshengqiao–Guangzhou
Power ­rating
1,800 MW,
bipolar
Type of plant
Long-distance transmission,
960 km
Voltage levels
± 500 kV DC,
230 kV, 50 Hz
Type of
thyristor
Electrically-triggered-thyristor,
8 kV
Sylmar East Valve Reconstruction,
USA
Los Angeles
San Diego
Los Angeles Department of W
­ ater
and Power, California, USA (LADWP)
Project name
Sylmar East Valve ­Reconstruction
Location
Sylmar Converter Station East,
Los Angeles
Power ­rating
550 (825) MW,
bipolar
Type of plant
Long-distance trans­mission, ­
approx. 1,200 km
Voltage levels
±500 kV DC,
230 kV, 60 Hz
Type of
thyristor
Electrically-triggered-thyristor,
8 kV
lor
San Francisco
Customer
Co
United States
of America
Technical Data
ado
The Pacific HVDC Intertie started its operation in 1970
at 1,440 MW. By addition of series and parallel connected
converters it was later expanded to a rating of 3,100 MW.
When a disastrous fire had destroyed the thyristor valves
of converter 1 at Sylmar East Converter Station in 1993,
the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power was
under pressure to restore reliable power supply to the
energy-hungry region. Siemens was awarded the reconstruction in August 1994, due to the short delivery time,
use of fire-retardant valve material (UL94 VO), the anticorrosion cooling system concept, and the excellent
seismic performance of the valves (0.5 g horizontal).
The installation was finished in September 1995.
The scope of supply comprises one complete 12-pulse
converter, including DC hall equipment, and an advanced
monitoring and alarm system.
Phoenix
Mexico
25
Welsh,
USA
The back-to-back tie links the two different networks of
the Energy Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT grid) with
the Southwest Power Pool (SPP grid) of the eastern US
system. The Welsh Converter Station allows an additional
power transfer to the existing connection (at Oklaunion)
between the two networks. The arrangement and the
design of the s­ tation are comparable to Etzenricht. The
reliable and proven converter technology of Etzenricht,
along with the same control and protection systems,
is therefore used.
Denver
St. Louis
Co
lor
ad
o
Chicago
United States of America
Ar
Santa Fe
ka
Phoenix
ns
as
Dallas
New Orleans
Mexico
Rio
Gr
Houston
an
de
Monterrey
26
Gulf of
Mexico
Technical Data
Customer
American Electric Power, Ohio, USA
(AEP)
Project name
Welsh HVDC Converter Station
Location
Texas, Titus County
near Mount Pleasant
Power ­rating
600 MW
Type of plant
Back-to-back tie
Voltage levels
170 kV DC,
345 / 345 kV, 60 / 60 Hz
Type of
thyristor
Electrically-triggered-thyristor,
5.5 kV
Wien-Suedost,
Austria
The back-to-back tie links the Austrian UCPTE network
with the Hungarian and, hence, the RGW network. The
modular water-cooled air-insulated valves are of a new,
compact, and universal design. The rectifier and inverter
are in 12-pulse connection and are accommodated in
a building along with the bushings of the convertertransformers and the smoothing reactors. This HVDC
plant southeast of Vienna was put in operation in July
1993.
Germany
Technical Data
Customer
Österreichische Elektrizitätswirtschafts-Aktiengesellschaft
(Verbundgesellschaft, VG)
Project name
GK-Wien-Südost (GK-SO)
Location
Southeast of Vienna, Austria
Power ­rating
600 MW
Type of plant
Back-to-back tie
Voltage levels
145 kV DC,
380 / 380 kV, 50 / 50 Hz
Type of
thyristor
Electrically-triggered-thyristor,
5.5 kV
Poland
Czech
Rep.
Slovak
Rep.
France
Vienna
Austria
Switzerland
Italy
Slovenia
Hungary
Croatia
27
Etzenricht,
Germany
The back-to-back tie links the two different networks of
the Czech Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany,
that is, the Western European network UCPTE with the
Eastern European network RGW.
The HVDC plant considerably improved the avail­ability
of electrical energy in both countries and, at the same time,
reduced the need for investment in reserve generating
capacity. Standardized modular converters allow for
much smaller valve halls than p
­ reviously permitted and
therefore offer major a
­ dvantages in terms of economy.
The converter transformers are arranged outside the
valve hall. Their insulating bushings for connection to
the ­thyristors are led directly into the converter hall.
The HVDC plant in Etzenricht near Weiden/Oberpfalz
was commissioned in June 1993.
Poland
Netherlands
Berlin
Germany
Belgium
Etzenricht
Czech
Rep.
Luxembourg
France
Vienna
Austria
28
Technical Data
Customer
E.ON AG Munich, Germany
Project name
Etzenricht
Location
Etzenricht, near Weiden / Oberpfalz
Power ­rating
600 MW
Type of plant
Back-to-back tie
Voltage levels
160 kV DC,
380 / 380 kV, 50 / 50 Hz
Type of
thyristor
Electrically-triggered-thyristor,
5.5 kV
Gezhouba–Nan Qiao,
China
The Gezhouba-Nan Qiao HVDC plant transmits electric
power from the hydroelectric plant in Gezhouba in the
Hubei province, central China, to the Shanghai conurbation. The power transmission system is bipolar, each pole
consisting of a 12-pulse converter valve group. The valve
towers are suspended from a special structure on the
ceiling of the valve hall. The single-phase three-winding
converter-transformers and their bushings project into
the hall, where the star delta connections are made.
The thyristors are water-cooled. Commercial operation
started in 1989 (Pole 1), and in 1990 (Pole 2).
Henan
Hubei
on
g
Wuhan
Location
Rectifier station in Gezhouba ­
(Central China), Inverter station
in Nan Qiao (about 40 km from
Shanghai)
Power ­rating
1,200 MW,
bipolar
Type of plant
Long-distance transmission,
about 1,000 km
Voltage levels
± 500 kV DC,
525 / 230 kV, 50 / 50 Hz
Type of
thyristor
Electrically-triggered-thyristor,
5.5 kV
Shanghai
ng
ia
ej
Zh
Hunan
Ge-Nan
Nan Qiao
Gezhouba
Guizhou
Project name
Anhui
gd
g
on
an
ng
Ch
Ch
Jia
China National Technical
Import & Export Corporation
(CNTIC)
Jiangsu
Shaanxi
Sichuan
Customer
Shandong
Shanxi
China
Technical Data
Jiangxi
East
China Sea
Fujian
Yunnan
Guangxi
Zhuang A. R.
Laos
Guangdong
Guangzhou
Taipei
Taiwan
Hong Kong
Hanoi
South
China Sea
29
Virginia Smith,
USA
The HVDC back-to-back tie at Virginia Smith Converter
Station in Nebraska, USA, links the asynchronous ­networks
in the East of the United States with those in the West.
The station is controlled via the WAPA communications
system from the load control center in Loveland, Colorado,
150 miles away. 200 MW can be transmitted in either
direction. Despite power ­input in networks with low power
­ratings, voltage stability is assured within narrow limits.
Temporary overvoltage limiters can be switched in to keep
transient overvoltages within 1.25 p.u. The HVDC plant
has been in operation since December 1987.
Denver
St. Louis
Co
lor
ad
o
Chicago
United States of America
Ar
Santa Fe
ka
Phoenix
ns
as
Dallas
New Orleans
Mexico R
Houston
io
Gr
an
de
Monterrey
30
Gulf of
Mexico
Technical Data
Customer
Western Area Power Administration
(WAPA)
Project name
Virginia Smith Converter Station
Location
Sidney, Nebraska, USA
Power ­rating
200 MW
Type of plant
Back-to-back tie
Voltage levels
50 kV DC,
230 / 230 kV, 60 / 60 Hz
Type of
thyristor
Electrically-triggered-thyristor,
4.52 kV
Poste Châteauguay,
Canada
The Poste Châteauguay back-to-back tie effects the
exchange of power between Canada (Hydro Quebec)
and the USA (NYPA). The plant comprises two poles and
has a power rating of 500 MW per pole. Overload operation up to 1,200 MW is possible. Each of the two poles
is accommodated in a valve hall with two 12-pulse groups.
One group is connected with the 120 kV system in the
USA, and the other with the 315 kV system in Canada.
The project, which was jointly awarded to BBC and
Siemens, was completed on July 1, 1984, after a construction time of about one year.
Technical Data
Customer
Hydro Quebec, Montreal, Canada
Project name
Poste Châteauguay
Location
Beauharnois, Quebec, Canada
Power ­rating
2 x 500 MW
Type of plant
Back-to-back tie
Voltage levels
145 kV DC,
120/315 kV, 60/60 Hz
Type of
thyristor
Electrically-triggered-thyristor,
4.5 kV
Canada
Quebec
Beauharnois
Ottawa
Montreal
Detroit
Toronto
Chicago
United States of America
Boston
New York
Philadelphia
Washington DC
31
Dürnrohr,
Austria
The HVDC back-to-back tie between Austria and the
Czech Republic linked the then-asynchronous networks
of Western and Eastern Europe. The contract was placed
in 1980. The thyristor valves are watercooled and airinsulated; for the first time, high-­voltage thyristors with
a wafer diameter of 100 mm were used. The system
consists of two 12-pulse groups in a common building
and the transformers and smoothing reactors which are
installed outdoors, with DC-side bushings protruding
through the walls. Siemens, partnering with the German
HVDC Group, supplied all thyristor modules and the station
control system. Commercial operation started in 1983.
Poland
Germany
Czech Rep.
Dürnrohr
Slovak
Rep.
Vienna
Austria
Switzerland
Italy
32
Hungary
Slovenia
Croatia
Technical Data
Customer
Österreichische Elektrizitätswirtschafts-Aktiengesellschaft
(Verbundgesellschaft, VG)
Project name
Dürnrohr
Location
Dürnrohr, near Zwentendorf, Austria
Power ­rating
550 MW
Type of plant
Back-to-back tie
Voltage levels
145 kV DC,
380 / 380 kV, 50 / 50 Hz
Type of
thyristor
Electrically-triggered-thyristor,
4.2 kV
Acaray,
Paraguay
The HVDC back-to-back tie in Paraguay links the Brazilian
60 Hz network with the Paraguayan 50 Hz network.
In times of drought and low output from the hydropower
plants, Paraguay imports power from Brazil, while power
can be exported to Brazil in times of water surplus.
The frequency regulation of the HVDC back-to-back tie
also helps stabilize the Paraguayan network frequency
to 50 Hz. Commercial operation started in 1981.
Technical Data
Customer
A.N.D.E.
Project name
Acaray
Location
Paraguay
Power ­rating
55 MW
Type of plant
Back-to-back tie
Voltage levels
25 kV DC,
220 / 138 kV, 50 / 60 Hz
Type of
thyristor
Electrically-triggered-thyristor,
4.2 kV
La Paz
Brazil
Paraguay
Chile
Para
ná
Bolivia
São Paulo
Argentina
Pôrto Alegre
Cordoba
Santiago
Buenos Aires
Rio de Janeiro
Uruguay
Montevideo
33
Nelson River, Bipole 2,
Canada
The power plants on the Nelson and Churchill Rivers in
the north of Manitoba, Canada, generate more than 50 %
of the demand of this province: the ­double-bipolar HVDC
link supplies the power to the load centers in the south
of the province. Bipole 2 is the first HVDC system using
highly efficient water cooling for the thyristor valves –
a technology that has since become the industry standard.
Siemens, partnering in the German HVDC Group, supplied
all thyristor modules and the 500 kV smoothing ­reactors.
Commercial operation started in 1977 with stage 1;
the project was completed in 1985 with stage 3.
Hudson Bay
Canada
Gillam
Nel
son
Calgary
Winnipeg
United States of America
Minneapolis
34
Technical Data
Customer
Manitoba Hydro (Winnipeg)
Project name
Nelson River, Bipole 2
Location
Henday Converter Station
near Nelson River Dorsey Converter
­Station near Winnipeg both in
Manitoba, Canada
Power ­rating
1,800 MW (summer)
2,000 MW (winter),
bipolar
Type of plant
Long-distance trans­mission,
about 1,000 km
Voltage levels
± 500 kV DC,
230 / 230 kV, 60 / 60 Hz
Type of
thyristor
Electrically-triggered-thyristor,
3.2 kV
Cahora Bassa,
South Africa / Mozambique
The Cahora Bassa HVDC system is used to transmit the
power generated in a hydroelectric plant on the Sambesi
river in Mozambique to South Africa. The contract for the
HVDC system, the dam, and the powerhouse was awarded
to the ZAMCO consortium, including the German HVDC
Group (AEG, BBC, Siemens). Cahora Bassa is the first HVDC
contract placed that used thyristor valves. An outdoor,
oil-cooled, and oil-insulated design was used. Commercial
­operation started in 1975 with phase 1; the ­system was
completed in 1979 with phase 3.
During the 1980s the transmission line was heavily
damaged by terrorist attack and the system was down
until the nineties, when Siemens undertook the refurbishment of the converter stations. Besides the careful restoration of the main equipment, the complete DC control
was exchanged by a fully digital, computerized system
including a modern Human-Machine Interface (HMI).
The new system increases the availability and reliability
of the complex HVDC system considerably in terms of
operator guidance. The most powerful HVDC transmission
link in Africa has been back in operation since 1998.
Chan
Songo
Harare
i qu e
Mozambique
1. HCB, Lisbon, Portugal
2. ESCOM, Johannesburg, South
Africa
Project name
Cahora Bassa
Location
Songo, Mozambique
Apollo, South Africa
Power ­rating
1,920 MW,
bipolar
Type of plant
Long-distance transmission,
1,456 km
Voltage levels
± 533 kV DC,
220 / 275 kV, 50 Hz
Type of
thyristor
Electrically-triggered-thyristor,
1.65 kV/ 2.5 kV
Madagascar
Moz
amb
Zimbabwe
Customer
nel
Malawi
Zambia
Technical Data
Botswana
Apollo
Swaziland
Johannesburg
South Africa
Lesotho
35
Published by and copyright © 2011:
Siemens AG
Energy Sector
Freyeslebenstrasse 1
91058 Erlangen, Germany
Siemens AG
Energy Sector
Power Transmission Division
Power Transmission Solutions
Freyeslebenstrasse 1
91058 Erlangen, Germany
www.siemens.com/energy/hvdc
For more information, please contact
our Customer Support Center.
Phone:+49 180/524 70 00
Fax: +49 180/524 24 71
(Charges depending on provider)
E-mail:[email protected]
Power Transmission Division
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All rights reserved.
Trademarks mentioned in this document
are the property of Siemens AG, its affiliates,
or their respective owners.
Subject to change without prior notice.
The information in this document contains general
descriptions of the technical options available, which
may not apply in all cases. The required technical
options should therefore be specified in the contract.