API9221EV1 USER GUIDE Performance • • • • • Introduction Dual Input – DC (6.8V OVP) and USB (5.4V OVP) Double layer capacitors on board to demonstrate battery charge cycle Load resistors on board up to 1A Programmable charging currents Ambient temperature range -40°C to +85°C This evaluation circuit demonstrates the API9221 Lithium Ion Battery Charger. The charge and discharge cycle can be quickly and simply demonstrated without a battery. The circuit includes a load consisting of an electrolytic double layer capacitor bank of 5 Farads to facilitate this demonstration. The assembly also includes a set of resistive loads. There is a logic enable input, which disables charging when pulled high. Manual links are provided for these functions. Ordering Information Order Number API9221EV1 The construction is a double-sided FR4 printed circuit board, 95 x 60 x 1.6 mm with 1oz/sq ft copper (35µm). CAUTION: Do not connect a Lithium Ion cell before first removing the link CAP SW, or setting it to the “0F” position. (A cell is not required for the tests described here.) Issue 3 – March 2010 www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated 2010 1 of 10 API9221EV1 Quick Start Guide CAUTION: Do not connect a Lithium Ion cell before first removing the link CAP SW, or setting it to the “0F” position. (A cell is not required for the tests described here.) Suitable test equipment is given in the table below. The oscilloscope is optional, but gives a display of the output voltage against time. The demonstration is slow enough that the performance can be observed on the multimeters. Operation using AC Adapter Input (VDC) 1. On the API9221EV1 board set the links as follows: PL1: Disable position (EN de-selected) PL2: IVDC Hi PL3: IUSB Hi PL4: IMIN Lo PL5: 8Ω closed (selected): (this discharges the double-layer capacitors) PL6: 16Ω open (de-selected) PL7: 32Ω open (de-selected) PL8: 64Ω open (de-selected) PL9: 5F (capacitor load selected) 2. Set the power supply to 5.0V but do not switch on. Set the current limit to 1.0A. 3. Connect up the API9221EV1 board to the equipment as in Figure 1 below. Set DMM1 to measure voltage. Set DMM2 to measure current. 4. Note the output voltage (DMM1). (Do not switch on the supply.) If necessary, wait for the load capacitor to fully discharge to 1V or less (DMM1). 5. Set the oscilloscope as follows: CH1 sensitivity: 1V/div Trace vertical position: CH2 sensitivity: 2V/div Trace vertical position: CH3 sensitivity: 2V/div Trace vertical position: CH4 sensitivity: 2V/div Trace vertical position: Time base: 25s/div Trigger Source: AC Line Trigger Mode: Auto Press RUN/STOP so that the sweep is stopped. -3 div (approx) +1 div (approx) +1.5 div (approx) +2 div (approx) 6. Move the link at PL5 (8Ω) to the open position. Switch on the power supply. Note that the input current (DMM2) is 1mA or less. The output voltage remains close to 0V. The EN\ input voltage is high (3V to 5V), and the output PPR\ is low (0V). The output LDO is now 4.9V. (The output USB_BYP remains at 0V.) 7. On the oscilloscope press RUN/STOP so that the sweep is initiated. Within about 20 seconds, but after the sweep is seen to begin, move the link at PL1 to the EN position. The EN\ voltage goes low. Note that the current has increased to about 90mA to 100mA. The voltage at DMM1 increases and the CH1 oscilloscope trace begins to climb. 8. After about 3 minutes, when the output reaches 2.7V, the current suddenly increases to about 500mA. The oscilloscope trace may rise suddenly (a step of 0.5V or less), due to the internal resistance of the capacitors. After a few seconds, the current decreases gradually as the voltage approaches 4.2V. When the current reaches the IMIN value of about 50mA, the output CHG\ is seen to go high. The current then reduces further, and the voltage now changes very little. Issue 3 – March 2010 www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated 2010 2 of 10 API9221EV1 9. Before the sweep finishes, switch off the power supply. The output PPR\ goes high. Press RUN/STOP to freeze the oscilloscope waveform before the end of the sweep. Figure 2 below shows the resulting oscilloscope waveform. 10. Move the link at PL5 to connect the 8Ω load. This discharges the capacitor for safe shipping. This concludes the demonstration using VDC input. See below for USB input demonstration. Figure 1: Test Schematic using VDC Input Figure 2: Oscilloscope Waveforms About the BAT waveform: The initial constant pre-charge current of about 90 mA charging the capacitance of 5Farads gives a ramp rate of nearly 2.7V in 150 seconds, or about 0.018 V/s, as predicted from: dV I 0.09 = = = 0.018 V/s dt C 5 When the charging current increases to 0.5A, the ramp rate increases accordingly until the limiting voltage of 4.2V is reached. Issue 3 – March 2010 www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated 2010 3 of 10 API9221EV1 Operation using USB Input 11. Repeat steps 1 to 10 above, but at step 3, connect as in Figure 3 below. Note that in step 6, the output LDO is 0V and USB_BYP is 5V. The waveform is again similar to that of Figure 2. Figure 3: Test Schematic using USB Input Suitable Test Equipment Count Description 1 Adjustable Power Supply, 10V 1A 2 Digital Multimeter 1 Digital Storage Oscilloscope, 4 channels 1 Resistor, 100k ohms ± 5%, 250mW Manufacturer Part Number Thurlby Thandar CPX400A Fluke 179 Tektronix TDS2024B Issue 3 – March 2010 www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated 2010 4 of 10 API9221EV1 Schematic TP1 BAT BAT INPUT VDC VDC TP4 C5 1uF 25V C1 4.7uF 50V LDO VDC_LDO GND R7 100k GND U1 API9221 5Farad 1 2 3 TP2 INPUT USB VUSB 1 2 C2 4.7uF 50V 5 IVDC 9 IUSB GND 7 ENABLE J1 1 2 3 4 5 6 PL1 1 2 3 4 5 VDC BAT USB VDC_LDO EN USB_BYP IVDC PPR IUSB CHG IMIN GND 1 2 3 BAT1 CAP SW 12 R9 10k C3 10F 2.3V 10 3 C4 10F 2.3V 4 8 C6 1uF 25V R10 10k C7 1uF 25V GND IMIN GND GND GND USB_BYP GND EN SW DISENABLE Mini-USB 0Farad 11 1 2 3 1 2 3 TP5 PL9 R8 100k BYP PPR GND GND R1 13k R3 13k R5 5.6k IVDC1 IUSB1 IMIN1 TP6 CHG PPR\ TP3 ENABLE\ TP7 EN HIGH CURRENT SETTINGS LOW PL2 1 2 3 PL3 1 2 3 R2 13k IVDC SW 1 2 3 SEL PL5 1 2 3 PL4 1 2 3 R4 13k IUSB SW 1 2 3 1 2 3 Open R6 5.6k 1 2 3 1 2 3 8 OHM SW PL7 1 2 3 1 2 3 16 OHM SW PL8 1 2 3 1 2 3 32 OHM SW CHG\ 1 2 3 TP8 GND 64 OHM SW TP9 IMIN SW R11 23.7R GND PL6 GND R12 23.7R R13 23.7R R14 31.6R R15 31.6R R16 31.6R R17 130R GND GND R18 130R TP10 GND GND GND GND GND PCB Copper Layout & Silk Screen -Top Issue 3 – March 2010 www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated 2010 5 of 10 API9221EV1 PCB Copper Layout & Silk Screen – Bottom Parts List Count Designator Description Package Manufacturer Part Number 2 C1, C2 Capacitor, X7R, 4.7uF 50V 1210 Kemet C1210C475K5RACTU 2 C3, C4 Capacitor, Gold Cap 10F 2.3V Radial, 35x12.5mm Panasonic EECHW0D106 3 C5, C6, C7 Capacitor, X7R, 1uF 25V 0805 Kemet C0805C105K3RAC 4 R1, R2, R3, R4 Resistor, 13k, 1% 0805 various 2 R5, R6 Resistor, 5k6, 1% 0805 various 2 R7, R8 Resistor, 100k, 1% 0805 various 2 R9, R10 Resistor, 10k, 1%, 0.25W 1206 various 3 R11, R12, R13 Resistor, 23.7R, 1%, 0.75W 2010 Panasonic ERJ-12SF23R7U 3 R14, R15, R16 Resistor, 31.6R, 1%, 0.75W 2010 Panasonic ERJ-12SF31R6U 2 R17, R18 Resistor, 130R, 1%, 0.25W 1206 various 1 U1 IC, Battery Charger, Li-Ion DFN4x3-12 9 PL1, PL2, PL3, PL4, PL5, PL6, PL7, PL8, PL9 Header, SIL 3pins SIL 3 pins Diodes Zetex API9221 Phoenix HDR1X3 Issue 3 – March 2010 www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated 2010 6 of 10 API9221EV1 I/O and Test points Count Designator Description Function Manufacturer Part Number 1 TP1 Loop Terminal, 2.15mm, Green VDC Input Hughes 100-108 1 TP2 Loop Terminal, 2.15mm, Green USB Input Hughes 100-108 1 TP3 Loop Terminal, 2.15mm, Green EN\ Input Hughes 100-108 1 TP4 Loop Terminal, 2.15mm, Green BAT battery connection Hughes 100-108 1 TP5 Loop Terminal, 2.15mm, Green LDO output Hughes 100-108 1 TP6 Loop Terminal, 2.15mm, Green USB BYPass Hughes 100-108 1 TP7 Loop Terminal, 2.15mm, Green PPR\ Power Present logic output Hughes 100-108 1 TP8 Loop Terminal, 2.15mm, Green CHG\ Charging logic output Hughes 100-108 1 TP9 Loop Terminal, 2.15mm, Green GND ground Hughes 100-108 1 TP10 Loop Terminal, 2.15mm, Green GND ground Hughes 100-108 1 J1 Mini-USB USB Input Wurth 65100516121 Recommended Operating Conditions Symbol Parameter Min Max Units VDC Input Supply Voltage, VDC (when VUSB=0) 4.5 6.7 V VUSB Input Supply Voltage, USB (when VDC=0) 4.5 5.3 V IVDC Charge current via VDC 0.1 1.1 A IUSB Charge current via USB 50 500 mA IUSB_BYP USB Bypass Current 0 200 mA ILDO LDO Output Current 0 10 mA TA Operating Ambient Temperature -40 +85 °C Issue 3 – March 2010 www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated 2010 7 of 10 API9221EV1 Current Settings The maximum charge current is set by a resistor, one for each input, VDC and USB. For the VDC input, the resistor R1 sets the current. The link IVDC SW can be set to add a series resistor, R2. For the USB input, resistor R3 sets the current. The link IUSB SW can be set to add a series resistor R4. In each case the full charge current is given by IVDC when using the VDC input, or IUSB when using the USB input, according to the following equations. 6820 Amp (1) RIVDC where RIVDC is the resistance, in ohms, (R1 or R1 + R2) between IVDC and GND pins. IVDC = 6820 Amp (2) RIUSB where RIUSB is the resistance, in ohms, (R3 or R3 + R4) between IUSB and GND pins. IUSB = For example if the IVDC SW link is set to LOW, and RIVDC is chosen to be 26k, then the charge current is nominally 262mA when using the VDC input. When the battery voltage VBAT is below 2.7V, the charging current is typically 18% of the full values IVDC or IUSB. When VBAT is above this level, the charging current rises to the full value given by the equations (1) and (2) above. When VBAT approaches the output control value of nominally 4.2V, the current is reduced to a low level. As the battery crosses the end-of-charge threshold voltage, the current value IMIN is reached and the CHG\ output flag goes high. The current is further reduced gradually to a very low leakage value as the final battery voltage is reached. IMIN is set by resistor R5. The link IMIN SW can be set to add an additional resistor, R6. IMIN is determined as follows: 550 Amp (3) RIMIN where RIMIN is the resistance, in ohms, (R5 or R5 + R6) between IMIN and GND pins. IMIN = Issue 3 – March 2010 www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated 2010 8 of 10 API9221EV1 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Issue 3 – March 2010 www.diodes.com © Diodes Incorporated 2010 9 of 10 API9221EV1 IMPORTANT NOTICE DIODES INCORPORATED MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH REGARD TO THIS DOCUMENT, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE (AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY JURISDICTION). Diodes Incorporated and its subsidiaries reserve the right to make modifications, enhancements, improvements, corrections or other changes without further notice to this document and any product described herein. Diodes Incorporated does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of this document or any product described herein; neither does Diodes Incorporated convey any license under its patent or trademark rights, nor the rights of others. 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