AX5043 Programming Manual

AND9347/D
AX5043 Programming
Manual
Advanced High Performance
ASK and FSK Narrow-band
Transceiver for 27-1050 MHz
Range
Revision 2
2
TA B L E
OF
CONTENTS
1.Overview............................................................................................................... 7
1.1.Connecting the AX5043 to an AX8052F100 or other Microcontroller........................ 8
1.2.Pin Function Descriptions.................................................................................. 9
1.3.SPI Register Access.........................................................................................10
1.3.1.Deep Sleep............................................................................................. 12
1.3.2.Address Space.........................................................................................12
2.FIFO Operation..................................................................................................... 14
2.1.FIFO Chunk Encoding......................................................................................15
2.1.1.NOP Command........................................................................................16
2.1.2.RSSI Command.......................................................................................16
2.1.3.TXCTRL Command................................................................................... 17
2.1.4.FREQOFFS Command............................................................................... 17
2.1.5.ANTRSSI2 Command................................................................................17
2.1.6.REPEATDATA Command............................................................................18
2.1.7.TIMER Command.....................................................................................18
2.1.8.RFFREQOFFS Command............................................................................18
2.1.9.DATARATE Command...............................................................................19
2.1.10.ANTRSSI3 Command..............................................................................19
2.1.11.DATA Command.....................................................................................19
2.1.11.1.Transmit Data Format......................................................................19
2.1.11.2.Receive Data Format....................................................................... 21
2.1.12.TXPWR Command.................................................................................. 22
3.Programming the Chip........................................................................................... 23
3.1.Power Modes..................................................................................................23
3.1.1.FIFO Power Management.......................................................................... 24
3.2.Autoranging...................................................................................................24
3.3.Choosing the Fundamental Communication Characteristics.................................. 26
3.4.Framing........................................................................................................ 27
3.5.Transmitter....................................................................................................29
3.5.1.Recommended Preamble...........................................................................31
3.6.Receiver........................................................................................................32
3.6.1.Receiver State Machine............................................................................ 34
3.7.Low Power Oscillator Calibration.......................................................................36
3.8.Auxiliary DAC.................................................................................................37
4.Register Overview................................................................................................. 40
5.Register Details.....................................................................................................58
5.1.Revision and Interface Probing.........................................................................58
5.1.1.Register: REVISION................................................................................. 58
5.1.2.Register: SCRATCH..................................................................................58
5.2.Operating Mode..............................................................................................58
5.2.1.Register: PWRMODE.................................................................................58
5.3.Power Management........................................................................................ 59
5.3.1.Register: POWSTAT..................................................................................59
5.3.2.Register: POWSTICKYSTAT....................................................................... 59
5.3.3.Register: POWIRQMASK............................................................................60
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5.4.Interrupt Control............................................................................................ 60
5.4.1.Register: IRQMASK1, IRQMASK0............................................................... 60
5.4.2.Register: RADIOEVENTMASK1, RADIOEVENTMASK0.....................................61
5.4.3.Register: IRQINVERSION1, IRQINVERSION0............................................... 61
5.4.4.Register: IRQREQUEST1, IRQREQUEST0.....................................................61
5.4.5.Register: RADIOEVENTREQ1, RADIOEVENTREQ0......................................... 62
5.5.Modulation and Framing..................................................................................62
5.5.1.Register: MODULATION............................................................................ 62
5.5.2.Register: ENCODING................................................................................63
5.5.3.Register: FRAMING.................................................................................. 65
5.5.4.Register: CRCINIT3, CRCINIT2, CRCINIT1, CRCINIT0...................................66
5.6.Forward Error Correction................................................................................. 66
5.6.1.Register: FEC..........................................................................................66
5.6.2.Register: FECSYNC...................................................................................67
5.6.3.Register: FECSTATUS...............................................................................67
5.7.Status...........................................................................................................67
5.7.1.Register: RADIOSTATE............................................................................. 67
5.7.2.Register: XTALSTATUS............................................................................. 68
5.8.Pin Configuration............................................................................................68
5.8.1.Register: PINSTATE..................................................................................68
5.8.2.Register: PINFUNCSYSCLK........................................................................68
5.8.3.Register: PINFUNCDCLK........................................................................... 69
5.8.4.Register: PINFUNCDATA........................................................................... 70
5.8.5.Register: PINFUNCIRQ..............................................................................70
5.8.6.Register: PINFUNCANTSEL........................................................................70
5.8.7.Register: PINFUNCPWRAMP.......................................................................71
5.8.8.Register: PWRAMP................................................................................... 71
5.9.FIFO Registers................................................................................................72
5.9.1.Register: FIFOSTAT..................................................................................72
5.9.2.Register: FIFODATA................................................................................. 73
5.9.3.Register: FIFOCOUNT1, FIFOCOUNT0.........................................................73
5.9.4.Register: FIFOFREE1, FIFOFREE0...............................................................73
5.9.5.Register: FIFOTHRESH1, FIFOTHRESH0......................................................73
5.10.Synthesizer..................................................................................................73
5.10.1.Register: PLLLOOP, PLLLOOPBOOST......................................................... 73
5.10.2.Register: PLLCPI, PLLCPIBOOST...............................................................74
5.10.3.Register: PLLVCODIV..............................................................................74
5.10.4.Register: PLLRANGINGA, PLLRANGINGB....................................................74
5.10.5.Register: FREQA3, FREQA2, FREQA1, FREQA0........................................... 75
5.10.6.Register: FREQB3, FREQB2, FREQB1, FREQB0........................................... 75
5.11.Signal Strength............................................................................................ 75
5.11.1.Register: RSSI.......................................................................................75
5.11.2.Register: BGNDRSSI...............................................................................76
5.11.3.Register: DIVERSITY.............................................................................. 76
5.11.4.Register: AGCCOUNTER..........................................................................76
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5.12.Receiver Tracking......................................................................................... 76
5.12.1.Register: TRKDATARATE2, TRKDATARATE1, TRKDATARATE0.......................76
5.12.2.Register: TRKAMPL1, TRKAMPL0..............................................................76
5.12.3.Register: TRKPHASE1, TRKPHASE0.......................................................... 76
5.12.4.Register: TRKRFFREQ2, TRKRFFREQ1, TRKRFFREQ0...................................77
5.12.5.Register: TRKFREQ1, TRKFREQ0..............................................................77
5.12.6.Register: TRKFSKDEMOD1, TRKFSKDEMOD0.............................................77
5.12.7.Register: TRKAFSKDEMOD1, TRKAFSKDEMOD0......................................... 77
5.12.8.Tracking Register Resets.........................................................................77
5.13.Timer..........................................................................................................78
5.13.1.Register: TIMER2, TIMER1, TIMER0..........................................................78
5.14.Wakeup Timer..............................................................................................78
5.14.1.Register: WAKEUPTIMER1, WAKEUPTIMER0.............................................. 79
5.14.2.Register: WAKEUP1, WAKEUP0................................................................79
5.14.3.Register: WAKEUPFREQ1, WAKEUPFREQ0.................................................79
5.14.4.Register: WAKEUPXOEARLY.....................................................................79
5.15.Receiver Parameters..................................................................................... 79
5.15.1.Register: IFFREQ1, IFFREQ0....................................................................79
5.15.2.Register: DECIMATION........................................................................... 79
5.15.3.Register: RXDATARATE2, RXDATARATE1, RXDATARATE0............................ 80
5.15.4.Register: MAXDROFFSET2, MAXDROFFSET1, MAXDROFFSET0......................80
5.15.5.Register: MAXRFOFFSET2, MAXRFOFFSET1, MAXRFOFFSET0.......................80
5.15.6.Register: FSKDMAX1, FSKDMAX0.............................................................81
5.15.7.Register: FSKDMIN1, FSKDMIN0..............................................................81
5.15.8.Register: AFSKSPACE1, AFSKSPACE0....................................................... 81
5.15.9.Register: AFSKMARK1, AFSKMARK0.........................................................81
5.15.10.Register: AFSKCTRL.............................................................................82
5.15.11.Register: AMPLFILTER...........................................................................82
5.15.12.Register: FREQUENCYLEAK....................................................................82
5.15.13.Register: RXPARAMSETS.......................................................................82
5.15.14.Register: RXPARAMCURSET...................................................................83
5.15.15.Register: AGCGAIN0, AGCGAIN1, AGCGAIN2, AGCGAIN3..........................83
5.15.16.Register: AGCTARGET0, AGCTARGET1, AGCTARGET2, AGCTARGET3...........84
5.15.17.Register: AGCAHYST0, AGCAHYST1, AGCAHYST2, AGCAHYST3..................84
5.15.18.Register: AGCMINMAX0, AGCMINMAX1, AGCMINMAX2, AGCMINMAX3........85
5.15.19.Register: TIMEGAIN0, TIMEGAIN1, TIMEGAIN2, TIMEGAIN3......................85
5.15.20.Register: DRGAIN0, DRGAIN1, DRGAIN2, DRGAIN3..................................86
5.15.21.Register: PHASEGAIN0, PHASEGAIN1, PHASEGAIN2, PHASEGAIN3.............86
5.15.22.Register: FREQGAINA0, FREQGAINA1, FREQGAINA2, FREQGAINA3.............87
5.15.23.Register: FREQGAINB0, FREQGAINB1, FREQGAINB2, FREQGAINB3.............88
5.15.24.Register: FREQGAINC0, FREQGAINC1, FREQGAINC2, FREQGAINC3............88
5.15.25.Register: FREQGAIND0, FREQGAIND1, FREQGAIND2, FREQGAIND3............89
5.15.26.Register: AMPLGAIN0, AMPLGAIN1, AMPLGAIN2, AMPLGAIN3....................89
5.15.27.Register: FREQDEV10, FREQDEV00, FREQDEV11, FREQDEV01, FREQDEV12,
FREQDEV02, FREQDEV13, FREQDEV03............................................................... 90
5.15.28.Register: FOURFSK0, FOURFSK1, FOURFSK2, FOURFSK3.......................... 90
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5.15.29.Register: BBOFFSRES0, BBOFFSRES1, BBOFFSRES2, BBOFFSRES3............92
5.16.Transmitter Parameters.................................................................................93
5.16.1.Register: MODCFGF................................................................................93
5.16.2.Register: FSKDEV2, FSKDEV1, FSKDEV0...................................................93
5.16.3.Register: MODCFGA............................................................................... 94
5.16.4.Register: TXRATE2, TXRATE1, TXRATE0....................................................95
5.16.5.Register: TXPWRCOEFFA1, TXPWRCOEFFA0.............................................. 95
5.16.6.Register: TXPWRCOEFFB1, TXPWRCOEFFB0.............................................. 95
5.16.7.Register: TXPWRCOEFFC1, TXPWRCOEFFC0.............................................. 96
5.16.8.Register: TXPWRCOEFFD1, TXPWRCOEFFD0..............................................96
5.16.9.Register: TXPWRCOEFFE1, TXPWRCOEFFE0...............................................96
5.17.PLL Parameters.............................................................................................97
5.17.1.Register: PLLVCOI..................................................................................97
5.17.2.Register: PLLVCOIR................................................................................97
5.17.3.Register: PLLLOCKDET............................................................................97
5.17.4.Register: PLLRNGCLK............................................................................. 98
5.18.Crystal Oscillator.......................................................................................... 98
5.18.1.Register: XTALCAP.................................................................................98
5.19.Baseband.....................................................................................................99
5.19.1.Register: BBTUNE.................................................................................. 99
5.19.2.Register: BBOFFSCAP.............................................................................99
5.20.Packet Format..............................................................................................99
5.20.1.Register: PKTADDRCFG...........................................................................99
5.20.2.Register: PKTLENCFG............................................................................. 99
5.20.3.Register: PKTLENOFFSET.......................................................................100
5.20.4.Register: PKTMAXLEN...........................................................................100
5.20.5.Register: PKTADDR3, PKTADDR2, PKTADDR1, PKTADDR0......................... 100
5.20.6.Register: PKTADDRMASK3, PKTADDRMASK2, PKTADDRMASK1,
PKTADDRMASK0............................................................................................ 101
5.21.Pattern Match.............................................................................................101
5.21.1.Register: MATCH0PAT3, MATCH0PAT2, MATCH0PAT1, MATCH0PAT0...........101
5.21.2.Register: MATCH0LEN...........................................................................101
5.21.3.Register: MATCH0MIN...........................................................................101
5.21.4.Register: MATCH0MAX..........................................................................101
5.21.5.Register: MATCH1PAT1, MATCH1PAT0.................................................... 102
5.21.6.Register: MATCH1LEN...........................................................................102
5.21.7.Register: MATCH1MIN...........................................................................102
5.21.8.Register: MATCH1MAX..........................................................................102
5.22.Packet Controller.........................................................................................102
5.22.1.Register: TMGTXBOOST........................................................................ 102
5.22.2.Register: TMGTXSETTLE........................................................................103
5.22.3.Register: TMGRXBOOST........................................................................103
5.22.4.Register: TMGRXSETTLE........................................................................103
5.22.5.Register: TMGRXOFFSACQ.....................................................................103
5.22.6.Register: TMGRXCOARSEAGC................................................................ 103
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5.22.7.Register: TMGRXAGC............................................................................104
5.22.8.Register: TMGRXRSSI...........................................................................104
5.22.9.Register: TMGRXPREAMBLE1.................................................................104
5.22.10.Register: TMGRXPREAMBLE2................................................................104
5.22.11.Register: TMGRXPREAMBLE3................................................................105
5.22.12.Register: RSSIREFERENCE...................................................................105
5.22.13.Register: RSSIABSTHR........................................................................105
5.22.14.Register: BGNDRSSIGAIN....................................................................105
5.22.15.Register: BGNDRSSITHR..................................................................... 106
5.22.16.Register: PKTCHUNKSIZE....................................................................106
5.22.17.Register: PKTMISCFLAGS.................................................................... 106
5.22.18.Register: PKTSTOREFLAGS.................................................................. 107
5.22.19.Register: PKTACCEPTFLAGS.................................................................107
5.23.General Purpose ADC.................................................................................. 108
5.23.1.Register: GPADCCTRL...........................................................................108
5.23.2.Register: GPADCPERIOD.......................................................................108
5.23.3.Register: GPADC13VALUE1, GPADC13VALUE0..........................................108
5.24.Low Power Oscillator Calibration................................................................... 108
5.24.1.Register: LPOSCCONFIG........................................................................108
5.24.2.Register: LPOSCSTATUS....................................................................... 109
5.24.3.Register: LPOSCKFILT1, LPOSCKFILT0....................................................109
5.24.4.Register: LPOSCREF1, LPOSCREF0......................................................... 109
5.24.5.Register: LPOSCFREQ1, LPOSCFREQ0.....................................................110
5.24.6.Register: LPOSCPER1, LPOSCPER0......................................................... 110
5.25.DAC..........................................................................................................110
5.25.1.Register: DACVALUE1, DACVALUE0........................................................ 110
5.25.2.Register: DACCONFIG...........................................................................110
5.26.Performance Tuning Registers...................................................................... 111
6.References..........................................................................................................113
7.Contact Information.............................................................................................114
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AND9347/D
Overview
1. O V E R V I E W
AX5043 is a true single chip low-power CMOS transceiver for narrow band applications. A
fully integrated VCO supports carrier frequencies in the 433MHz, 868MHz and 915MHz ISM
band. An external VCO inductor enables carrier frequencies from 27MHz to 1050MHz. The
on-chip transceiver consists of a fully integrated RF front-end with modulator, and
demodulator. Base band data processing is implemented in an advanced and flexible
communication controller that enables user friendly communication via the SPI interface. An
on-chip low power oscillator as well as Wake-on-radio enable very low power standby
applications. The AX5043 is also available with the AX8052F100 microcontroller in a
single integrated circuit as the AX8052F143. Figure 1 shows the block diagram of the
AX5043.
Figure 1: Block Diagram
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Overview
1.1. C O N N E C T I N G
THE
AX5043
TO AN
AX8052F100
OR OTHER
MICROCONTROLLER
The AX5043 can easily be connected to an AX8052F100 or any other microcontroller. The
microcontroller communicates with the AX5043 via a register file that is implemented in
the AX5043 and that can be accessed serially via an industry standard Serial Peripheral
Interface (SPI) protocol.
Reset is performed by the integrated power-on-reset (POR) block and can be performed
manually via the register file.
The AX5043 sends and receives data via the SPI port in frames. This standard operation
mode is called frame mode.
In frame mode, the internal communication controller performs frame delimiting, and data
is received and transmitted via a 256 Byte FIFO, accessible via the register file. The FIFO is
shared between receive and transmit. Figure 2 shows the corresponding diagram.
Connecting the interrupt line is highly recommended, though not strictly required. With the
AX8052F100, it is also recommended to connect the SYSCLK line. This allows the
Microcontroller to run from the precise crystal clock of the AX5043, or to calibrate its
internal oscillators from against this clock.
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AND9347/D
18 NC
ANTP1 5
17 MOSI
GND 6
16 MISO
9
10
11 12 13
14
L1
DATA
DCLK
SEL
SYSCLK
8
L2
15 CLK
FILT
VDD_ANA 7
PA0/ADC0/T0OUT/IC1/XTALN
VDD_IO
PA1/ADC1/T0CLK/OC1/XTALP
PA2/ADC2/OC0/U1RX/COMPI00
PA3/ADC3/T1OUT/LPXTALP
22
RIRQ/PR5 1
VDD_CORE 2
MOSI RMOSI/PR4
MISO RMISO/PR3
CLK
RCLK/PR2
SEL
RSEL/PR0
SYSCLK
RSYSCLK/PR1
3
4
5
AX8052F100
or
other μC
20 DBG_EN
19 PB7/DBG_CLK
18 PB6/DBG_DATA
17 PB5/U0RX/T1OUT
6
16 PB4/U0TX/T1CLK
7
15 PB3/OC0/T2CLK/EXTIRQ1/DSWAKE
8
9
10
11 12 13
14
Figure 2: Connecting AX5043 to AX8052F100 or other μC
1.2. P I N F U N C T I O N D E S C R I P T I O N S
Symbol
Pin(s)
Type
Description
VDD_ANA
1
P
Analog power output, decouple to neighboring GND
GND
2
P
Ground, decouple to neighboring VDD_ANA
ANTP
3
A
Differential antenna input/output
ANTN
4
A
Differential antenna input/output
ANTP1
5
A
Single-ended antenna output
GND
6
P
Ground, decouple to neighboring VDD_ANA
VDD_ANA
7
P
Analog power output, decouple to neighboring GND
FILT
8
A
Optional synthesizer filter
L2
9
A
Optional synthesizer inductor
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21 RESET_N
T2OUT/IC0/PB2
AX5043
ANTN 4
IRQ
25 24 23
OC1/U1RX/PB1
19 IRQ
27 26
EXTIRQ0/IC1/U1TX/PB0
ANTP 3
28
EXTIRQ0/T0OUT/SSEL/PC0
20 PWRAMP
PA4/ADC4/T1CLK/COMPO0/LPXTALN
21 ANTSEL
GND 2
COMPO1/T0CLK/SSCK/PC1
VDD_ANA 1
PA5/ADC5/IC0/U1TX/COMPI10
22
U0TX/SMOSI/PC2
NC
25 24 23
COMPO0/U0RX/SMISO/PC3
VDD_IO
27 26
NC
CLK16N
28
GPADC1
CLK16P
GPADC2
Overview
AND9347/D
10
Overview
Symbol
Pin(s)
Type
L1
10
A
DATA
11
I/O
Description
Optional synthesizer inductor
In wire mode: Data in-out/output
Can be programmed to be used as a general purpose I/O
pin
Selectable internal 65 kΩ pull-up resistor
DCLK
12
I/O
In wire mode: Clock output
Can be programmed to be used as a general purpose I/O
pin
Selectable internal 65 kΩ pull-up resistor
SYSCLK
13
I/O
Default functionality: Crystal oscillator (or divided) clock
output
Can be programmed to be used as a general purpose I/O
pin
Selectable internal 65 kΩ pull-up resistor
SEL
14
I
Serial peripheral interface select
CLK
15
I
Serial peripheral interface clock
MISO
16
O
Serial peripheral interface data output
MOSI
17
I
Serial peripheral interface data input
NC
18
N
Must be left unconnected
IRQ
19
O
Default functionality: Transmit and receive interrupt
Can be programmed to be used as a general purpose I/O
pin
Selectable internal 65 kΩ pull-up resistor
PWRAMP
20
I/O
Default functionality: Power amplifier control output
Can be programmed to be used as a general purpose I/O
pin
Selectable internal 65 kΩ pull-up resistor
ANTSEL
21
I/O
Default functionality: Diversity antenna selection output
Can be programmed to be used as a general purpose I/O
pin
Selectable internal 65 kΩ pull-up resistor
NC
22
N
Must be left unconnected
VDD_IO
23
P
Power supply 1.8V – 3.6V
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AND9347/D
Overview
Symbol
Pin(s)
Type
Description
NC
24
N
Must be left unconnected
GPADC1
25
A
GPADC input
GPADC2
26
A
GPADC input
CLK16N
27
A
Crystal oscillator input/output
CLK16P
28
A
Crystal oscillator input/output
Center
Pad
P
Ground on center pad of QFN, must be connected
GND
A
= analog signal
I/O = digital input/output signal
I
= digital input signal
N
= not to be connected
O
= digital output signal
P
= power or ground
All digital inputs are Schmitt trigger inputs, digital input and output levels are
LVCMOS/LVTTL compatible and 5V tolerant.
1.3. SPI R E G I S T E R A C C E S S
Registers are accessed via a synchronous Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI). Most Registers
are 8 bits wide and accessed using the waveforms as detailed in Figure 3. These waveforms
are compatible to most hardware SPI master controllers, and can easily be generated in
software. MISO changes on the falling edge of CLK, while MOSI is latched on the rising edge
of CLK.
SS
SCK
MOSI
MISO
R/W
1
1
1
A11
A10
A9
A8
A7
A7
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
S14
S13
S12
S11
S10
S9
S8
S7
S7
S6
S5
S4
S3
S2
S1
S0
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
D0
Figure 3: SPI 8bit Long Address Read/Write Access
The most important registers are at the beginning of the address space, i.e. at addresses
less than 0x70. These registers can be accessed more efficiently using the short address
form, which is detailed in Figure 4.
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Overview
Figure 4: SPI 8bit Read/Write Access
Some registers are longer than 8 bits. These registers can be accessed more quickly than
by reading and writing individual 8 bit parts. This is illustrated in Figure 5. Accesses are not
limited by 16 bits either, reading and writing data bytes can be continued as long as
desired. After each byte, the address counter is incremented by one. Also, this access form
also works with long addresses.
SS
SCK
R/W
MOSI
MISO
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
S14
S13
S12
S11
S10
S9
S8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
A
D0
D0
A+1
Figure 5: SPI 16bit Read/Write Access
During the address phase of the access, the chip outputs the most important status bits.
This feature is designed to speed up software decision on what to do in an interrupt
handler. The table below shows which register bit is transmitted during the status timeslots.
SPI Bit Cell Status Register Bit
0
‒
1 (when transitioning out of deep sleep, this bit transitions from 0→1
when the power becomes ready)
1
S14
PLL LOCK
2
S13
FIFO OVER
3
S12
FIFO UNDER
4
S11
THRESHOLD FREE (FIFO free > FIFO threshold)
5
S10
THRESHOLD COUNT (FIFO count > FIFO threshold)
6
S9
FIFO FULL
7
S8
FIFO EMPTY
8
S7
PWRGOOD (not BROWNOUT)
9
S6
PWR INTERRUPT PENDING
10
S5
RADIO EVENT PENDING
11
S4
XTAL OSCILLATOR RUNNING
12
S3
WAKEUP INTERRUPT PENDING
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AND9347/D
Overview
13
S2
LPOSC INTERRUPT PENDING
14
S1
GPADC INTERRUPT PENDING
15
S0
undefined
Note that bit cells 8-15 (S7…S0) are only available in two address byte SPI access formats.
1.3.1.
DEEP SLEEP
The chip can be programmed into deep sleep mode. In deep sleep mode, the chip is
completely switched off, which results in very low leakage power. All registers loose their
programming.
To enter deep sleep mode, write the deep sleep encoding into bits 3:0 of PWRMODE. At the
rising edge of the SEL line, the chip will enter deep sleep mode.
To exit deep sleep mode, lower the SEL line. This will initiate startup and reset of the chip.
Then poll the MISO line. The MISO line will be held low during initialization, and will rise to
high at the end of the initialization, when the chip becomes ready for further operation.
1.3.2.
ADDRESS SPACE
The address space has been allocated as follows. Addresses from 0x000 to 0x06F are
reserved for “dynamic registers”, i.e. registers that are expected to be frequently accessed
during normal operation, as they can be efficiently accessed using single address byte SPI
accesses. Addresses from 0x070 to 0x0FF have been left unused (they could only be
accessed using the two address byte SPI format). Addresses from 0x100 to 0x1FF have
been reserved for physical layer parameter registers, for example receiver, transmitter, PLL,
crystal oscillator. Adresses from 0x200 to 0x2FF have been reserved for medium access
parameters, such as framing, packet handling. Addresses from 0x300 to 0x3FF have been
reserved for special functions, such as GPADC.
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FIFO Operation
2. FIFO O P E R A T I O N
The AX5043 features a 256 Byte FIFO. The same FIFO is used for both reception and
transmission. During transmit, only the write port is accessible by the microcontroller.
During receive, only the read port is accessible by the microcontroller. Otherwise, both
ports are accessible through the register file.
In order to prevent transmitting premature data, the FIFO contains three pointers. Data is
read at the read pointer, up to the write pointer. Data is written to the write ahead pointer.
The write pointer is not updated when data is written, therefore, new data is not
immediately visible to the consumer. Writing the COMMIT command to the FIFOSTAT
register copies the write ahead pointer to the write pointer, thus making the written data
visible to the receiver. Writing the ROLLBACK command to the FIFOSTAT register sets the
write ahead pointer to the write pointer, thus discarding data written to the FIFO. During
transmit, this means that the transmitter will only consider data written to the FIFO after
the commit command. During receive, this feature is used by the receiver to store packet
data before it is known whether the CRC check passes. FIFOCOUNT reports the number of
bytes that can be read without causing an underflow. FIFOFREE reports the number of bytes
that can be written without causing an overflow. FIFOCOUNT and FIFOFREE do not add up
to 256 Bytes whenever there are uncommitted bytes in the FIFO. Figure 6 Illustrates this.
Write ahead pointer
Write pointer
256−FIFOFREE
FIFOCOUNT
Read pointer
Figure 6: FIFO Pointer
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FIFO Operation
2.1. FIFO C H U N K E N C O D I N G
In order to distinguish meta-data (such as RSSI) from receive or transmit data, FIFO
contents are organized as chunks. Chunks consist of a header that encodes the chunk
length as well as the payload data format.
Each chunk starts with a single byte header. The header encodes the length of a chunk, and
indicates the data it contains. The top 3 bits encode the length (or optionally refer to an
additional length byte after the header byte), and the bottom 5 bits indicate what payload
data the chunk contains. The following table lists the encoding of the length bits (top 3 bits
of the first chunk header byte). Figure 7 Shows the chunk header byte encoding.
7
6
5
chunk
payload
size
4
3
2
1
0
chunk
payload
data format
Figure 7: FIFO Header Byte Format
The following table lists the chunk payload size encoding:
Top Bits
Chunk Payload Size
000
No payload
001
Single byte payload
010
Two byte payload
011
Three byte payload
100
Invalid
101
Invalid
110
Invalid
111
Variable length payload; payload size is encoded in the following length byte
the length byte is part of the header (and not included in length), everything
after the length byte is included in the length
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The following table lists the chunk types and their encodings. The Hdr Byte column lists the
complete FIFO Chunk Header Byte, consisting of the length and data format encodings.
Name
Dir
Hdr Byte
Description
7‒0
No payload commands
NOP
T
00000000 No Operation
One byte payload commands
RSSI
R
00110001 RSSI
TXCTRL
T
00111100 Transmit Control (Antenna, Power Amp)
Two byte payload commands
FREQOFFS
R
01010010 Frequency Offset
ANTRSSI2
R
01010101 Background Noise Calculation RSSI
Three byte payload commands
REPEATDATA
T
01100010 Repeat Data
TIMER
R
01110000 Timer
RFFREQOFFS
R
01110011 RF Frequency Offset
DATARATE
R
01110100 Datarate
ANTRSSI3
R
01110101 Antenna Selection RSSI
Variable length payload commands
DATA
TR
11100001 Data
TXPWR
T
11111101 Transmit Power
Direction: T = Transmit, R = Receive
2.1.1.
NOP C O M M A N D
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
The NOP command will be discarded without effect by the transmitter. The receiver will not
generate NOP commands.
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FIFO Operation
2.1.2.
RSSI C O M M A N D
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
RSSI
The RSSI command will only be generated by the receiver at the end of a packet if bit
STRSSI is set in register PKTSTOREFLAGS. The encoding is the same as that of the RSSI
register.
2.1.3.
TXCT RL C O M M A N D
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
SETTX
TXSE
TXDIFF
SETANT
ANTSTATE
SETPA
PASTATE
The TXCTRL command allows certain aspects of the transmitter to be changed on the fly. If
SETTX is set, TXSE and TXDIFF are copied into the register MODCFGA. If SETANT is set,
ANTSTATE is copied into register DIVERSITY. If SETPA is set, PASTATE is copied into
register PWRAMP.
2.1.4.
FREQOFFS C O M M A N D
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
FREQOFFS1
FREQOFFS0
The FREQOFFS command will only be generated by the receiver at the end of a packet if bit
STFOFFS is set in register PKTSTOREFLAGS. The encoding is the same as that of the
TRKFREQ register.
2.1.5.
ANTRSSI2 C O M M A N D
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
RSSI
BGNDNOISE
The ANTRSSI2 command will be generated by the receiver when it is idle if bit STANTRSSI
is set in register PKTSTOREFLAGS. If DIVENA is set in register DIVERSITY, the ANTRSSI3
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FIFO Operation
command is generated instead. The encoding of the RSSI field is the same as that of the
RSSI register. The BGNDNOISE field contains an estimate of the background noise.
2.1.6.
REPEATD ATA C O M M A N D
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
UNENC
RAW
NOCRC
RESIDUE
PKTEND
PKTSTART
REPEATCNT
DATA
The REPEATDATA command allows the efficient transmission of repetitive data bytes. The
DATA byte given in the payload is repeated REPEATCNT times. See DATA command for a
description of the flag byte. This command is especially handy for constructing preambles.
2.1.7.
TIMER C O M M A N D
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
TIMER2
TIMER1
TIMER0
The TIMER command will only be generated by the receiver at the start of a packet if bit
STTIMER is set in register PKTSTOREFLAGS. The payload is a copy of the μs timer TIMER
register. This command enables exact packet timing for example for frequency hopping
systems.
2.1.8.
RFFREQOFFS C O M M A N D
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
RFFREQOFFS2
RFFREQOFFS1
RFFREQOFFS0
The RFFREQOFFS command will only be generated by the receiver at the end of a packet if
bit STRFOFFS is set in register PKTSTOREFLAGS. The encoding is the same as that of the
TRKRFFREQ register.
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FIFO Operation
2.1.9.
DAT ARATE C O M M A N D
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
DATARATE2
DATARATE1
DATARATE0
The DATARATE command will only be generated by the receiver at the end of a packet if bit
STDR is set in register PKTSTOREFLAGS. The encoding is the same as that of the
TRKDATARATE register.
2.1.10.
ANTRSSI3 C O M M A N D
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
ANT0RSSI
ANT1RSSI
BGNDNOISE
The ANTRSSI3 command will be generated by the receiver when it is idle if bit STANTRSSI
is set in register PKTSTOREFLAGS. If DIVENA is not set in register DIVERSITY, the
ANTRSSI2 command is generated instead. The encoding of the ANT0RSSI and ANT1RSSI
fields are the same as that of the RSSI register. The BGNDNOISE field contains an estimate
of the background noise.
2.1.11.
DAT A C O M M A N D
The DATA command transports actual transmit and receive data. While the basic format is
the same for transmit and receive, the semantics of the flag byte differs.
2.1.11.1.
T RANSMIT DATA F ORMAT
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
NOCRC
RESIDUE
PKTEND
PKTSTART
LENGTH
0
0
UNENC
RAW
DATA
⁝
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FIFO Operation
LENGTH includes the flags byte as well as all DATA bytes.
Setting RAW to one causes the DATA to bypass the framing mode, but still pass through the
encoder.
Setting UNENC to one causes the DATA to bypass the framing mode, as well as the encoder,
except for inversion. UNENC has priority over RAW.
Setting NOCRC suppresses the generation of the CRC bytes.
Setting RESIDUE allows the transmission of a number of data bits that is not a multiple of
eight. All but the last data byte are transmitted as if RESIDUE was not set. The last byte
however contains only 7 bits or less. The transmitter looks for the highest bit set. This is
considered the stop bit. Only bits below the stop bit are transmitted. If the MSBFIRST in
register PKTADDRCFG is set, the algorithm is reversed, i.e. the lowest bit set is considered
the stop bit and bits above the stop bit are transmitted.
PKTSTART and PKTEND bits enable the transmission of packets that are larger than the
FIFO size. If PKTSTART is set, the radio packet starts at the beginning of the DATA
command payload. If PKTEND is set, the radio packet ends at the end of the DATA
command payload. If PKTSTART is not set, this command is the continuation of a previous
DATA command. If PKTEND is not set, the packet is continued with the next DATA
command.
PKTSTART in RAW mode causes the DATA bytes to be aligned to DiBit boundaries in 4-FSK
mode.
For example, to transmit 20 bits of an alternating 0-1 pattern as a preamble, the following
bytes should be written to the FIFO (MSBFIRST=0 in register PKTADDRCFG is assumed):
0xE1
FIFO Command
0x04
Length Byte
0x24
Flag Byte: Unencoded, to ensure 0-1 remains 0-1, and Residue set, because the
number of bits transmitted is not a multiple of 8
0xAA
Alternating 0-1 bits
0xAA
Alternating 0-1 bits
0x1A
Alternating 0-1 bits; Bit 4 is the “Stop” bit
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FIFO Operation
2.1.11.2.
RECEIVE DATA FORMAT
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
CRCFAIL
RESIDUE
PKTEND
PKTSTART
LENGTH
0
ABORT
SIZEFAIL ADDRFAIL
DATA
⁝
ABORT is set if the packet has been aborted. An ABORT sequence is a sequence of seven or
more consecutive one bits when HDLC [1] framing is used. Note that if ACCPTABRT is not
set in register PKTACCEPTFLAGS, then aborted packets are silently dropped.
SIZEFAIL is set if the packet does not pass the size checks. Size checks are implemented
using the PKTLENCFG, PKTLENOFFSET and PKTMAXLEN registers. Note that if ACCPTSZF is
not set in register PKTACCEPTFLAGS, then packets with an invalid size are silently dropped.
ADDRFAIL is set if the packet does not pass the address checks. Address checks are
implemented using the PKTADDRCFG, PKTADDR and PKTADDRMASK registers. Note that if
ACCPTADDRF is not set in register PKTACCEPTFLAGS, then packets which do not match the
programmed address are silently dropped.
CRCFAIL is set if the packet does not pass the CRC check. Note that if ACCPTCRCF is not set
in register PKTACCEPTFLAGS, then packets which fail the CRC check are silently dropped.
RESIDUE, PKTEND and PKTSTART work identical as in transmit mode, see above.
The receiver generates chunks up to PKTCHUNKSIZE bytes. If PKTMAXLEN is larger than
PKTCHUNKSIZE, multiple chunks may be generated for one packet. Since CRC and size
checks may only be performed at the end of the packet, only the last chunk can be dropped
at failure of one of those tests. It is therefore important that the microcontroller receiver
routine clears its receive buffer at the beginning of DATA commands whose PKTSTART bit is
set, as the buffer may still contain bytes from erroneous packets.
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FIFO Operation
2.1.12.
TXPW R C O M M A N D
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
LENGTH = 10
TXPWRCOEFFA(7:0)
TXPWRCOEFFA(15:8)
TXPWRCOEFFB(7:0)
TXPWRCOEFFB(15:8)
TXPWRCOEFFC(7:0)
TXPWRCOEFFC(15:8)
TXPWRCOEFFD(7:0)
TXPWRCOEFFD(15:8)
TXPWRCOEFFE(7:0)
TXPWRCOEFFE(15:8)
The TXPWR command allows the transmit power to be changed on the fly. This command
updates the TXPWRCOEFFA, TXPWRCOEFFB, TXPWRCOEFFC, TXPWRCOEFFD and
TXPWRCOEFFE registers.
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Programming the Chip
3. P R O G R A M M I N G
THE
CHIP
3.1. P O W E R M O D E S
To enable the lowest possible application power consumption, the AX5043 allows to shut
down its circuits when not needed. This is controlled by the PWRMODE register. Idd values
are typical; for exact values, please refer to the AX5043 datasheet [2].
PWRMODE
register
Name
Description
Typical Idd
0000
POWERDOWN
Powerdown; all circuits powered down except for
the register file
0001
DEEPSLEEP
Deep Sleep Mode; Chip is fully powered down
until SEL is lowered again; looses all register
contents
0101
STANDBY
Crystal Oscillator enabled
230μA
0111
FIFOON
FIFO and Crystal Oscillator enabled
310μA
1000
SYNTHRX
Synthesizer running, Receive Mode
5mA
1001
FULLRX
Receiver Running
1011
WORRX
Receiver Wake-on-Radio Mode
1100
SYNTHTX
Synthesizer running, Transmit Mode
1101
FULLTX
Transmitter Running
400nA
50nA
7‒11mA
500nA
5mA
6‒70mA
The following list explains the typical programming flow.
Preparation:
1. Reset the Chip. Set SEL to high for at least 1μs, then low. Wait until MISO goes high.
Set, and then clear, the RST bit of register PWRMODE.
2. Set the PWRMODE register to POWERDOWN.
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Programming the Chip
3. Program parameters. It is recommended that suitable parameters are calculated
using the AX_RadioLab tool available from Axsem.
4. Perform auto-ranging, to ensure the correct VCO range setting.
The chip is now ready for transmit and receive operations.
3.1.1.
FIFO P O W E R M A N A G E M E N T
The FIFO is powered down during POWERDOWN and DEEPSLEEP modes (Register
PWRMODE). The FIFO EMPTY and FIFO FULL bits (Register FIFOSTAT), as well as the
FIFOCOUNT and FIFOFREE registers read zero. Reads from the FIFO will return undefined
data, and writes to the FIFO will be lost.
In the receive case, the FIFO is automatically powered on when the chip PWRMODE is set to
FULLRX. The FIFO should be emptied before the PWRMODE is set to POWERDOWN. In
Wake-on-radio or POWERDOWN mode, the FIFO is automatically kept powered until it is
emptied by the microprocessor.
In the transmit case, PWRMODE should first be set to FULLTX. Before writing to the FIFO,
the microprocessor must ensure that the SVMODEM bit is high in Register POWSTAT, to
ensure that the on-chip voltage regulator supplying the FIFO has finished starting up. The
transmitter remains idle until the contents of the FIFO are committed (unless the FIFO
AUTO COMMIT bit is set in Register FIFOSTAT).
3.2. A U T O R A N G I N G
Whenever the frequency changes, the synthesizer VCO should be set to the correct range
using the built-in auto- ranging. A re-ranging of the VCO is required if the frequency change
required is larger than 5 MHz in the 868/915 MHz band or 2.5 MHz in the 433 MHz band.
Each individual chip must be auto-ranged. If both frequency register sets FREQA and FREQB
are used, then both frequencies must be auto-ranged by first starting auto-ranging in
PLLRANGINGA, waiting for its completion, followed by starting auto-ranging in
PLLRANGINGB and waiting for its completion.
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Programming the Chip
Figure 8 shows the flow chart of the auto-ranging process.
Set PWRMODE to STANDBY
Enable TCXO if used
Wait until crystal oscillator
is ready
Set RNGSTART of PLLRANGINGA/B
yes
RNGSTART == 1?
no
yes
RNGERR == 1?
Error
no
Set PWRMODE to POWERDOWN
Disable TCXO if used
Figure 8: Autoranging Flow Chart
Before starting the auto-ranging, the appropriate frequency registers (FREQA3, FREQA2,
FREQA1 and FREQA0 or FREQB3, FREQB2, FREQB1 and FREQB0) need to be programmed.
Auto-ranging starts at the VCOR (register PLLRANGINGA or PLLRANGINGB) setting; if you
already know the approximately correct synthesizer VCO range, you should set
VCORA/VCORB to this value prior to starting auto-ranging; this can speed up the ranging
process considerably. If you have no prior knowledge about the correct range, set
VCORA/VCORB to 8. Starting with VCORA/VCORB < 6 should be avoided, as the initial
synthesizer frequency can exceed the maximum frequency specification.
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Programming the Chip
Hardware clears the RNG START bit automatically as soon as the ranging is finished; the
device may be programmed to deliver an interrupt on resetting of the RNG START bit.
Waiting until auto-ranging terminates can be performed by either polling the register
PLLRANGINGA or PLLRANGINGB for RNG START to go low, or by enabling the
IRQMPLLRNGDONE interrupt in register IRQMASK1.
3.3. C H O O S I N G
THE
FUNDAMENTAL COMMUNICATION CHARACTERISTICS
The following table lists the fundamental communication characteristics that need to be
chosen before the device can be programmed.
Parameter
Description
fXTAL
Frequency of the connected crystal in Hz
modulation FSK, MSK, OQPSK, 4-FSK or AFSK (for recommendations see below)
fCARRIER
Carrier frequency (i.e. center frequency of the signal) in Hz
BITRATE
Desired bit rate in bit/s
h
Modulation index, determines the frequency deviation for FSK
32 > h ≥ 0.5 for FSK, 4-FSK or AFSK, fdeviation = 0.5 * h* BITRATE
h = 0.5 for MSK and OQPSK
(For AFSK, fdeviation is usually set according to the FM channel specification. For
25kHz channels, it is often approximately 3kHz)
encoding
Inversion, differential, manchester, scrambled, for recommendations see the
description of the register ENCODING.
The following table gives an overview of the trade-offs between the different modulations
that AX5043 offers, they should be considered when making a choice.
Modulation Trade-offs
FSK
For bit rates up to 125 kbit/s
Frequency deviation is a free parameter
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Programming the Chip
Modulation Trade-offs
MSK
For bit rates up to 125 kbit/s
Robust and spectrally efficient form of FSK (Modulation is the same as FSK
with h=0.5)
Frequency deviation given by bit rate
The advantage of MSK over FSK is that it can be demodulated with higher
sensitivity.
Slightly longer preambles required than for FSK
OQPSK
For bit rates up to 125 kbit/s
Very similar to MSK, with added precoding / postdecoding
For new designs, use MSK instead
PSK
For bit rates up to 125 kBit/s
Spectrally efficient and high sensitivity
Very accurate frequency reference (maximum carrier frequency deviation
1
± ⋅BITRATE ) and long preambles required
4
4-FSK
For bit rates up to 100 kSymbols/s, or 200 kbit/s
Similar to FSK, but four frequencies are used to transmit 2 bits
simultaneously
1+ 3⋅h
⋅BITRATE
Very slightly more spectrally efficient compared to FSK (
2
versus (1+ h)⋅BITRATE ) for small h.
Longer preambles required as frequency offset estimation needs to be more
precise to successfully demodulate
For new designs, use FSK instead
AFSK
For bit rates up to 25 kbit/s
Bits are FSK modulated in the audio band, then frequency modulated on the
carrier frequency.
For legacy compatibility applications only.
Given these fundamental physical layer parameters, AX_RadioLab should be used to
compute the register settings of the AX5043.
3.4. F R A M I N G
Figure 1 shows the block diagram of the AX5043. After the user writes a transmit packet
into the FIFO, the Radio Controller sequences the transmitter start-up, and signals the
Packet Controller to read the packet from the FIFO and add framing bits, allowing the
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Programming the Chip
receiver to lock to the transmit waveform, and to detect packet and byte boundaries. If MSB
first is selected (register PKTADDRCFG), then the bits within each byte are swapped when
the data is read out from the FIFO.
The Packet Controller also (optionally) adds cyclic redundancy check bits at the end of the
packet, to enable the receiver to detect transmission errors. Both 16 and 32 Bit CRC can be
selected, as well as different generator polynomials. The CRC polynomial can be selected in
register FRAMING. The following polynomials are supported:
•
CRC-CCITT (16bit):
•
CRC-16 (16bit):
•
CRC-DNP (16bit):
x 16+x 12+ x 5 +1 (hexadecimal: 0x1021)
x 16+ x 15+ x2 +1 (hexadecimal: 0x8005)
x 16+ x 13+ x12 + x 11 + x 10+ x 8 + x 6 + x 5+ x 2 +1 (hexadecimal: 0x3D65)
This polynomial is used for Wireless M-Bus.
•
CRC-32 (32bit):
x 32 + x 26+ x 23 + x 22+ x 16+ x12 + x 11+ x 10 + x8 + x 7 + x 5+ x 4 + x 2 + x+ 1
(hexadecimal: 0x04C11DB7)
The CRC is always transmitted MSB first regardless of the MSB first setting of register
PKTADDRCFG, to enable the receiver to process CRC bits as they arrive (otherwise, they
would have to be stored and reordered). For an in-depth guide on how CRC's are computed,
see [3].
Finally, the encoder is able to perform certain bit-wise operations on the bit-stream:
•
Manchester: Manchester transmits a one bit as 10 and a zero bit as 01, i.e. it
doubles the data rate on the radio channel. Its advantage is that the resulting bitstream has many transitions and thus simplifies synchronizing to the transmission
on the receiver side. The downside is that it now requires twice the amount of
energy for the transmission. Manchester is not recommended, except for
compatibility with legacy systems.
•
Scrambler: The scrambler ensures that even highly regular transmit data results in a
seemingly random transmitted bit-stream. This avoids discrete tones in the
spectrum. Do not confuse the scrambler with encryption – it does not provide any
secrecy, its actions are easily reversed. Its use is recommended.
•
Differential: Differential transmits zero bits as constant level, and one bits as level
change. This allows to accomodate modulations that can invert the bit-stream, such
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Programming the Chip
as PSK. It is available for compatibility with other Axsem transceivers, but usually
not used on the AX5043.
•
Inversion: If on, the bit-stream is inverted. Useful for example for compatibility with
legacy systems, such as POCSAG, which differ from the usual convention that the
higher FSK frequency signifies a one.
The encoder is controlled using the register ENCODING. It may be temporarily bypassed
except for the inversion by setting the UNENC bit of the FIFO chunks DATA or REPEATDATA.
This is useful for synthesizing preambles.
The receiver performs these tasks in reverse order.
3.5. T R A N S M I T T E R
Figure 9 shows the transmitter flow chart. The microprocessor first places the chip into
FULLTX mode. This prepares the chip for a future transmission, enables the FIFO in transmit
direction, but does not yet power-up the synthesizer or any other transmit circuitry.
The microprocessor can now write the preamble and the actual packet to the FIFO. The
preamble is programmable to allow standards to be implemented that specify a specific
preamble to be used. Otherwise, the recommendations for preambles can be found below.
Waiting for the crystal oscillator to start up may be performed by polling the register
XTALSTATUS, or by enabling the IRQMXTALREADY interrupt in register IRQMASK1.
After the FIFO contents are committed (writing the Commit command to the FIFOSTAT
register), the transmitter notices that the FIFO is no longer empty. It then powers up the
synthesizer and settles it (registers TMGTXBOOST and TMGTXSETTLE determine the
timing). The Preamble and the Packet(s) are then transmitted, followed by the transmitter
and synthesizer shut-down.
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Programming the Chip
Set PWRMODE to FULLTX
Enable TCXO if used
Write Preamble to FIFO
Write Packet to FIFO
Wait until crystal oscillator
is running
Commit FIFO
Wait until transmission is done
Set PWRMODE to POWERDOWN
Disable TCXO if used
Figure 9: Transmitter Flowchart
The transmitter is automatically ramped up and down smoothly, to prevent unwanted
spurious emissions. The ramp time is normally one bit time, but may be longer by changing
the SLOWRAMP field of register MODCFGA.
The PWRMODE register should stay at FULLTX until the transmission is fully completed. The
end of the transmission may be determined by polling the register RADIOSTATE until it
indicates idle, or by enabling the radio controller interrut (bit IRQMRADIOCTRL) in register
IRQMASK0 and setting the radio controller to signal an interrupt at the end of transmission
(bit REVMDONE of register RADIOEVENTMASK0).
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Programming the Chip
3.5.1.
RECOMMENDED PREAMBLE
The main purpose of the preamble is to allow for the receiver to acquire vital transmission
parameters before the actual packet data starts. The minimum duration of the preamble is
dependent on how much time the receiver needs to acquire these parameters to sufficient
precision. More specifically, it depends on:
•
the time needed for the receiver adaptive gain control (AGC) to acquire the signal
strength
•
the time needed for the receiver to acquire the maximum possible frequency offset
(registers MAXRFOFFSET0, MAXRFOFFSET1 and MAXRFOFFSET2)
•
the time needed for the receiver to acquire the maximum possible data rate offset
(registers MAXDROFFSET0, MAXDROFFSET1 and MAXDROFFSET2)
•
the time needed for the receiver to acquire the exact bit sampling time (registers
TIMEGAIN0, TIMEGAIN1, TIMEGAIN2 and TIMEGAIN3)
•
the time needed to acquire the actual frequency deviation in 4-FSK mode (registers
FSKDMAX0, FSKDMAX1, FSKDMIN0 and FSKDMAX0)
On the AX5043, these loops run in parallel. An AGC that is significantly off however causes
the received signal to fall outside the IF strip dynamic range, and thus prevents the other
loops from working. And a frequency offset that is compensated insufficiently causes the
received signal to fall (partially) outside the IF filter, thus also preventing the timing and 4FSK loops from working.
The minimum possible preamble duration can be achieved under the following conditions:
•
Use a transmitter with a sufficiently precise bit timing. If the maximum deviation of
the transmitter data rate from the receiver data rate is less than approximately
0.1%, then the data rate acquisition loop should be switched off completely (setting
registers MAXDROFFSET0, MAXDROFFSET1 and MAXDROFFSET2 to zero). The
AX5043 is able to track the remaining small offset without the data rate offset loop.
All Axsem transmitters derive the bit rate timing from the crystal reference and can
therefore easily meet this requirement.
•
Use an FSK frequency deviation that is larger than the maximum frequency offset
between transmitter and receiver. In this case, receiver frequency offset acquisition
is not needed. Do not use 4-FSK.
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AND9347/D
31
32
Programming the Chip
•
Use the AX5043 receiver parameter set feature, below.
Finally, the frame synchronization word achieves byte synchronization.
The recommended preamble bit pattern is now discussed.
If the standard to be implemented requires a specific preample, use it.
In FEC mode, HDLC [1] flags (pattern 01111110) must be transmitted. The convolutional
encoder ensures enough bit transitions, and the AX5043 receiver needs flags to
synchronize its interleaver.
If the scrambler or manchester is enabled, send RAW bytes 00010001. The scrambler or
manchester encoder ensure enough transitions to acquire the bit timing.
In 4-FSK mode, send UNENCODED bytes 00010001. This ensures that the preamble
toggles between the highest and the lowest frequency. The frequent transitions ensure the
bit timing is acquired as quickly as possible, and the maximum and minimum frequencies
allow the deviation to be acquired.
Otherwise, use UNENCODED 01010101. This preamble ensures the maximum number of
transitions for bit timing synchronization. This preamble could also be used with the
scrambler enabled; the main purpose of the scrambler is however to ensure no spectral
lines (tones), this would be defeated by this preamble.
If MSBFIRST in register PKTADDRCFG is set, then the preamble sequences should be
reversed.
3.6. R E C E I V E R
Figure 10 shows the receiver flow chart. When the microprocessor places the chip into
FULLRX mode, the AX5043 immediately powers up the synthesizer, settles it (registers
TMGRXBOOST and TMGRXSETTLE determine the timing) and starts receiving. The reception
continues until the microprocessor changes the PWRMODE register.
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AND9347/D
Programming the Chip
Set PWRMODE to FULLRX
Enable TCXO if used
Set PWRMODE to WORRX
TCXO controlled by PWRAMP or
ANTSEL if used
yes
Timeout?
no
Packet Received?
(FIFO not empty)
no
no
Packet Received?
(FIFO not empty)
yes
yes
Read Packet from FIFO
Read Packet from FIFO
yes
yes
Continue
Reception?
Continue
Reception?
no
no
Set PWRMODE to POWERDOWN
Disable TCXO if used
Figure 10: Receiver Flowchart
Set PWRMODE to POWERDOWN
Disable TCXO if used
Figure 11: Wake-on-Radio Receiver Flowchart
If antenna diversity is enabled, the AX5043 continuously switches between the antennas
(controlled by the ANTSEL pin) to find the antenna with the better signal strength, until a
valid preamble is detected. Antenna scanning is resumed after a packet is completed.
Actual packet data in the FIFO may be preceded and followed by meta-data. Meta-data may
be a time stamp at the beginning of the packet, and signal strength, frequency offset and
data rate offset at the end of the packet. Which meta-data is written to the FIFO is
controlled by the register PKTSTOREFLAGS.
Wake-on-Radio mode allows the AX5043 to periodically poll the radio channel for a
transmission while using only very little power. Figure 11 shows the wake-on-radio flow
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AND9347/D
33
34
Programming the Chip
chart. The AX5043 periodically wakes up. The wake-up is controlled by the on-chip lowpower 640Hz/10kHz RC oscillator and the period is programmed using the WAKEUPFREQ1
and WAKEUPFREQ0 registers.
After waking up, the AX5043 quickly settles the AGC and computes the channel RSSI. If it
is below an absolute threshold (register RSSIABSTHR) and a dynamic threshold (register
BGNDRSSITHR), it is switched off immediately. Otherwise, it looks for a valid preamble. If
none is found within a preprogrammed time (registers TMGRXPREAMBLE1 and
TMGRXPREAMBLE2), the receiver is powered down. Otherwise, it continues to receive the
packet.
If a packet is successfully received, the receiver may either be shut down again, or continue
to run if WORMULTIPKT is set in register PKTMISCFLAGS.
In Wake-on-Radio mode, the AX5043 is completely autonomous until a packet is received.
The microprocessor may be shut down and only wake up once the FIFO is no longer empty
(IRQMFIFONOTEMPTY interrupt in register IRQMASK0).
3.6.1.
RECEIVER STATE MACHINE
Figure 12 shows the receiver timing diagram. The actions in the first two lines are time
controlled. The arrows below indicate which register controls the timing. The actions colored
in a darker shade of blue are only performed when diversity mode is enabled (DIVENA is set
in register DIVERSITY). The actions in the last line are detailed in the state diagram Figure
13.
SYNTHBOOST and SYNTHSETTLE form the two stage procedure to settle the synthesizer on
the first LO frequency. During SYNTHBOOST, the synthesizer is operated at a higher loop
bandwidth (register PLLLOOPBOOST), while during SYNTHSETTLE, the final settling is done
at the nominal, lower noise, loop bandwidth (register PLLLOOP).
IFINIT settles the IF strip. COARSEAGC uses a fast AGC time constant to quickly settle the
AGC to a value close to the correct one. This is especially important during wake-on-radio,
as it is desirable to keep the receiver powered the shortest possible time to save power.
AGC settles the AGC using a slower time constant. RSSI measures the received signal
strength. This value is then used to determine whether the receiver should be kept running
in wake-on-radio, or to select the antenna with the stronger signal in diversity mode.
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AND9347/D
Programming the Chip
Antenna #0
SYNTHBOOST
SYNTHSETTLE
IFINIT
COARSEAGC
AGC
RSSI
TMGRXBOOST
TMGRXSETTLE
TMGRXOFFSACQ
TMGRXCOARSEAGC
TMGRXAGC
TMGRXRSSI
Antenna #1
Selected Antenna
IFINIT
COARSEAGC
AGC
RSSI
IFINIT
TMGRXOFFSACQ
TMGRXCOARSEAGC
TMGRXAGC
TMGRXRSSI
TMGRXOFFSACQ
PREAMBLE1
PREAMBLE2
MATCH1
PREAMBLE3
MATCH0
PACKET
Antenna
Diversity only
SFD detected
Figure 12: Receiver Timing Diagram
Once the receiver is initialized, PREAMBLE1, PREAMBLE2, PREAMBLE3, and PACKET
coordinate the reception of packets. The receiver contains several loops that acquire and
track transmission parameters the receiver needs to know in order to correctly receive a
packet.
•
The AGC acquires and tracks the signal strength
•
The frequency tracking loop acquires and tracks the frequency offset
•
The timing and data rate tracking loop acquires and tracks the sampling time and
the data rate offset
The bandwidth of these loops is programmable. The bandwidth controls the acquisition time
as well as the noisiness of the parameter estimates. In order to allow both fast acquisition
to enable short preambles and low steady state noise performance to enable high receiver
sensitivity, the receiver supports multiple acquisition and tracking loop parameter sets.
When the receiver searches for a transmission signal, it uses wide loop bandwidths. Once it
detects a preamble with sufficient probability, it switches to a lower loop bandwidth. Once a
frame start is detected, it switches to an even lower loop bandwidth. Figure 13 shows the
state diagram that controls which receiver parameter set is used.
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AND9347/D
35
36
Programming the Chip
Figure 13: Receiver State Diagram
Conditions are evaluated in priority order. The priority number is given in parentheses at
the beginning of arrow labels.
In order to reduce the number of registers that need to be programmed if not all parameter
sets are different, the parameter set number of Figure 13 is not directly used to address the
parameter set. Instead, it indexes into register RXPARAMSETS, where the actual parameter
set number is read out.
3.7. L O W P O W E R O S C I L L A T O R C A L I B R A T I O N
The low power oscillator is used to control the wake-up frequency, or polling period, during
wake-on-radio mode. In order to increase the precision of the wake-up frequency,
calibration logic allows the low power oscillator to be calibrated against the crystal oscillator
or TCXO.
Figure 14 shows a block diagram of the calibration logic. It works similarly to a PLL. The
reference frequency from the crystal or TCXO is divided by the value of the LPOSCREF
register. This signal is then compared to the actual frequency of the Low Power Oscillator.
The frequency difference is then low pass filtered (LPOSCKFILT register) and used to adjust
the Low Power Oscillator frequency (LPOSCFREQ register).
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AND9347/D
Programming the Chip
Crystal
or TCXO
LPOSCREF
LPOSCKFILT
÷
LPOSCFREQ
FD
Figure 14: Low Power Oscillator Calibration Logic
When enabled (LPOSCCALIBR or LPOSCCALIBF enabled in register LPOSCCONFIG), the
calibration logic is only activated when the crystal oscillator or TCXO is enabled as well. This
allows “opportunistic” calibration – the Low Power Oscillator is calibrated whenever the
reference frequency is enabled.
3.8. A U X I L I A R Y DAC
The AX5043 contains an auxiliary DAC. It can be used to output various receiver signals,
such as RSSI or Frequency Offset, or just a value under program control. The DAC signal
can be output either on the PWRAMP or ANTSEL pad.
The DAC may be operated in two modes. ΣΔ mode employs a digital modulator to output a
high resolution signal. Its output voltage range is ¼ VDDIO to ¾ VDDIO for a DACVALUE
range from −2048 to 2047.
PWM mode outputs a pulse width modulated signal. It is only suitable for low frequency
signals. Its output voltage range is 0 to VDDIO for a DACVALUE range from −2048 to 2047.
C
GND
DAC Voltage
R
PWRAMP
or ANTSEL
Figure 15: DAC RC Filter
A low pass filter, such as a simple R-C filter as shown in Figure 15, must be used to obtain
the analog voltage.
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AND9347/D
37
38
Programming the Chip
DACINPUT
23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9
TRK_AMPLITUDE + 0x8000
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0001
15
0010
19
0011
15
0100
13
0110
7
0111
13
SOFTDATA
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1000
13
I
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1001
13
Q
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1100
9
TRK_RFFREQUENCY
0
TRK_FREQUENCY
0
TRK_FSKDEMOD
RSSI
0
GPADC13
0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Shifter
0000
11
Limiter
0
11
DACVALUE
0
to DAC
Figure 16: DAC Signal Scaling
Figure 16 shows the DAC Signal scaling. DACINPUT in register DACCONFIG selects the
source signal. The input signals are left aligned to 24 bits and padded with zeros. A signed
shifter then shifts the selected value to the right by 0 to 15 digits as selected by the lower
four bits of the DACVALUE register. The signal is then limited to the DAC value range of
−211…211−1. This signal is then sent to the DAC core. Note that if DACVALUE is selected as
input, the register value is directly sent to the DAC, the shifter is not used. In fact,
DACVALUE and DACSHIFT share the same register bits.
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AND9347/D
40
Register Overview
4. R E G I S T E R O V E R V I E W
Addr Name
Dir
R
Reset
Hex
Bit
7
Description
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Revision & Interface Probing
000
REVISION
R
R
01010001
SILICONREV(7:0)
Silicon Revision
001
SCRATCH
RW
R
11000101
SCRATCH(7:0)
Scratch Register
RW
R
011‒0000
RST
REFEN
XOEN
WDS
PWRMODE(3:0)
Operating Mode
002
PWRMODE
Power Mode
Voltage Regulator
003
POWSTAT
R
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
SSUM
SREF
SVREF
SVANA
SVMODE SBEVANA SBEVMO
M
DEM
SVIO
004
POWSTICKYSTAT
R
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
SSSUM
SSREF
SSVREF
SSVANA
SSVMOD SSBEVAN SSBEVMO SSVIO
EM
A
DEM
005
POWIRQMAS K
RW
R
00000000
MPWR
GOOD
MSREF
MSVREF
MS VANA MS
MSBE
VMODEM VANA
‒
‒
IRQMASK(12:8)
MSBE
MSVIO
VMODEM
Power Management Status
Power Management Sticky Status
Power Management Interrupt
Mask
Interrupt Control
006
IRQMASK1
RW
R
‒‒‒00000
‒
007
IRQMASK0
RW
R
00000000
IRQMASK(7:0)
008
RADIOEVENTMASK1
RW
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒0
‒
009
RADIOEVENTMASK0
RW
R
00000000
RADIO EVENT MASK(7:0)
00A
IRQINVERSION1
RW
R
‒‒‒00000
‒
‒
‒
IRQ Mask
IRQ Mask
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
RADIO
Radio Event Mask
EVENT
MASK(8)
Radio Event Mask
IRQINVERSION(12:8)
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IRQ Inversion
AND9347/D
Register Overview
00B
IRQINVERSION0
RW
R
00000000
IRQINVERSION(7:0)
00C
IRQREQUEST1
R
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
‒
00D
IRQREQUEST0
R
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
IRQREQUEST(7:0)
00E
RADIOEVENTREQ1
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
‒
00F
RADIOEVENTREQ0
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
RADIO EVENT REQ(7:0)
‒
‒
IRQ Inversion
‒
IRQREQUEST(12:8)
IRQ Request
IRQ Request
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
RADIO
EVENT
REQ(8)
Radio Event Request
Radio Event Request
Modulation & Framing
010
MODULATION
RW
R
‒‒‒01000
‒
‒
‒
RX HALF
SPEED
MODULATION(3:0)
011
ENCODING
RW
R
‒‒‒00010
‒
‒
‒
ENC
NOSYNC
ENC
MANCH
012
FRAMING
RW
R
‒0000000
FRMRX
CRCMODE(2:0)
014
CRCINIT3
RW
R
11111111
CRCINIT(31:24)
CRC Initialisation Data
015
CRCINIT2
RW
R
11111111
CRCINIT(23:16)
CRC Initialisation Data
016
CRCINIT1
RW
R
11111111
CRCINIT(15:8)
CRC Initialisation Data
017
CRCINIT0
RW
R
11111111
CRCINIT(7:0)
CRC Initialisation Data
ENC
SCRAM
FRMMODE(2:0)
Modulation
ENC DIFF ENC INV
FABORT
Encoder/Decoder Settings
Framing settings
Forward Error Correction
018
FEC
RW
R
00000000
SHORT
MEM
RSTVI
TERBI
FEC NEG FEC POS
FECINPSHIFT(2:0)
FEC ENA
FEC (Viterbi) Configuration
019
FECSYNC
RW
R
01100010
FECSYNC(7:0)
Interleaver Synchronisation
Threshold
01A
FECSTATUS
R
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
FEC INV
MAXMETRIC(6:0)
FEC Status
RADIOSTATE
R
‒
‒‒‒‒0000
‒
‒
Status
01C
‒
‒
www.onsemi.com
RADIOSTATE(3:0)
Radio Controller State
AND9347/D
41
42
Register Overview
01D
XTALSTATUS
R
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
PS IRQ
PS DATA PS DCLK
XTAL
RUN
Crystal Oscillator Status
PS SYS
CLK
Pinstate
Pin Configuration
020
PINSTATE
R
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
‒
‒
PS PWR
AMP
PS ANT
SEL
021
PINFUNCSYSCLK
RW
R
0‒‒01000
PU
SYSCLK
‒
‒
PFSYSCLK(4:0)
022
PINFUNCDCLK
RW
R
00‒‒‒100
PU DCLK PI DCLK
‒
‒
‒
PFDCLK(2:0)
DCLK Pin Function
023
PINFUNCDATA
RW
R
10‒‒‒111
PU DATA PI DATA
‒
‒
‒
PFDATA(2:0)
DATA Pin Function
024
PINFUNCIRQ
RW
R
00‒‒‒011
PU IRQ
PI IRQ
‒
‒
‒
PFIRQ(2:0)
IRQ Pin Function
025
PINFUNCANTSEL
RW
R
00‒‒‒110
PU
ANTSEL
PI
ANTSEL
‒
‒
‒
PFANTSEL(2:0)
ANTSEL Pin Function
026
PINFUNCPWRAMP
RW
R
00‒‒0110
PU
PI
‒
PWRAMP PWRAMP
‒
PFPWRAMP(3:0)
027
PWRAMP
RW
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒0
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
FIFOSTAT
R
R
0‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
FIFO
AUTO
COMMIT
‒
FIFO
FIFO CNT FIFO
FREE THR THR
OVER
‒
FIFOCMD(5:0)
SYSCLK Pin Function
PWRAMP Pin Function
‒
‒
PWRAMP PWRAMP Control
FIFO
UNDER
FIFO
FULL
FIFO
EMPTY
‒
‒
FIFO
Number of Words currently in
COUNT(8 FIFO
)
FIFO
028
W
029
FIFODATA
RW
02A
FIFOCOUNT1
R
02B
FIFOCOUNT0
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
FIFODATA(7:0)
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒0
‒
R
00000000
FIFOCOUNT(7:0)
FIFO Control
FIFO
Data
‒
‒
‒
www.onsemi.com
‒
Number of Words currently in
FIFO
AND9347/D
Register Overview
02C
FIFOFREE1
R
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒1
‒
‒
02D
FIFOFREE0
R
R
00000000
FIFOFREE(7:0)
02E
FIFOTHRESH1
RW
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒0
‒
02F
FIFOTHRESH0
RW
R
00000000
FIFOTHRESH(7:0)
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
FIFO
FREE(8)
Number of Words that can be
written to FIFO
Number of Words that can be
written to FIFO
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
FIFO
FIFO Threshold
THRESH(
8)
FIFO Threshold
Synthesizer
030
PLLLOOP
RW
R
0‒‒‒1001
FREQB
‒
‒
‒
DIRECT
FILT EN
FLT(1:0)
PLL Loop Filter Settings
031
PLLCPI
RW
R
00001000
PLLCPI
032
PLLVCODIV
RW
R
‒000‒000
‒
VCOI
MAN
033
PLLRANGINGA
RW
R
00001000
STICKY
LOCK
PLL LOCK RNGERR
034
FREQA3
RW
R
00111001
FREQA(31:24)
Synthesizer Frequency
035
FREQA2
RW
R
00110100
FREQA(23:16)
Synthesizer Frequency
036
FREQA1
RW
R
11001100
FREQA(15:8)
Synthesizer Frequency
037
FREQA0
RW
R
11001101
FREQA(7:0)
Synthesizer Frequency
038
PLLLOOPBOOST
RW
R
0‒‒‒1011
FREQB
039
PLLCPIBOOST
RW
R
11001000
PLLCPI
03B
PLLRANGINGB
RW
R
00001000
STICKY
LOCK
03C
FREQB3
RW
R
00111001
FREQB(31:24)
PLL Charge Pump Current
(Boosted)
‒
VCO2INT VCOSEL
‒
RNG
START
‒
‒
RFDIV
REFDIV(1:0)
VCORA(3:0)
DIRECT
FILT EN
PLL Divider Settings
PLL Autoranging
FLT(1:0)
PLL Loop Filter Settings (Boosted)
PLL Charge Pump Current
PLL LOCK RNGERR
RNG
START
VCORB(3:0)
PLL Autoranging
Synthesizer Frequency
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AND9347/D
43
44
Register Overview
03D
FREQB2
RW
R
00110100
FREQB(23:16)
Synthesizer Frequency
03E
FREQB1
RW
R
11001100
FREQB(15:8)
Synthesizer Frequency
03F
FREQB0
RW
R
11001101
FREQB(7:0)
Synthesizer Frequency
Signal Strength
040
RSSI
R
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
RSSI(7:0)
Received Signal Strength Indicator
041
BGNDRSSI
RW
R
00000000
BGNDRSSI(7:0)
Background RSSI
042
DIVERSITY
RW
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒00
‒
043
AGCCOUNTER
RW
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
AGCCOUNTER(7:0)
AGC Current Value
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
ANT SEL
DIV ENA
Antenna Diversity Configuration
Receiver Tracking
045
TRKDATARATE2
R
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
TRKDATARATE(23:16)
Datarate Tracking
046
TRKDATARATE1
R
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
TRKDATARATE(15:8)
Datarate Tracking
047
TRKDATARATE0
R
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
TRKDATARATE(7:0)
Datarate Tracking
048
TRKAMPL1
R
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
TRKAMPL(15:8)
Amplitude Tracking
049
TRKAMPL0
R
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
TRKAMPL(7:0)
Amplitude Tracking
04A
TRKPHASE1
R
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
‒
04B
TRKPHASE0
R
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
TRKPHASE(7:0)
04D
TRKRFFREQ2
RW
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
‒
04E
TRKRFFREQ1
RW
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
TRRFKFREQ(15:8)
RF Frequency Tracking
04F
TRKRFFREQ0
RW
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
TRRFKFREQ(7:0)
RF Frequency Tracking
050
TRKFREQ1
RW
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
TRKFREQ(15:8)
Frequency Tracking
051
TRKFREQ0
RW
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
TRKFREQ(7:0)
Frequency Tracking
052
TRKFSKDEMOD1
R
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
‒
053
TRKFSKDEMOD0
R
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
TRKFSKDEMOD(7:0)
‒
‒
‒
TRKPHASE(11:8)
Phase Tracking
Phase Tracking
‒
‒
‒
‒
TRRFKFREQ(19:16)
TRKFSKDEMOD(13:8)
www.onsemi.com
RF Frequency Tracking
FSK Demodulator Tracking
FSK Demodulator Tracking
AND9347/D
Register Overview
Timer
059
TIMER2
R
‒
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
TIMER(23:16)
1MHz Timer
05A
TIMER1
R
‒
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
TIMER(15:8)
1MHz Timer
05B
TIMER0
R
‒
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
TIMER(7:0)
1MHz Timer
Wakeup Timer
068
WAKEUPTIMER1
R
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
WAKEUPTIMER(15:8)
Wakeup Timer
069
WAKEUPTIMER0
R
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
WAKEUPTIMER(7:0)
Wakeup Timer
06A
WAKEUP1
RW
R
00000000
WAKEUP(15:8)
Wakeup Time
06B
WAKEUP0
RW
R
00000000
WAKEUP(7:0)
Wakeup Time
06C
WAKEUPFREQ1
RW
R
00000000
WAKEUPFREQ(15:8)
Wakeup Frequency
06D
WAKEUPFREQ0
RW
R
00000000
WAKEUPFREQ(7:0)
Wakeup Frequency
06E
WAKEUPXOEARLY
RW
R
00000000
WAKEUPXOEARLY(7:0)
Wakeup Crystal Oscillator Early
Physical Layer Parameters
Receiver Parameters
100
IFFREQ1
RW
R
00010011
IFFREQ(15:8)
2nd LO / IF Frequency
101
IFFREQ0
RW
R
00100111
IFFREQ(7:0)
2nd LO / IF Frequency
102
DECIMATION
RW
R
‒0001101
‒
Decimation Factor
103
RXDATARATE2
RW
R
00000000
RXDATARATE(23:16)
Receiver Datarate
104
RXDATARATE1
RW
R
00111101
RXDATARATE(15:8)
Receiver Datarate
105
RXDATARATE0
RW
R
10001010
RXDATARATE(7:0)
Receiver Datarate
106
MAXDROFFSET2
RW
R
00000000
MAXDROFFSET(23:16)
Maximum Receiver Datarate
Offset
DECIMATION(6:0)
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AND9347/D
45
46
Register Overview
107
MAXDROFFSET1
RW
R
00000000
MAXDROFFSET(15:8)
Maximum Receiver Datarate
Offset
108
MAXDROFFSET0
RW
R
10011110
MAXDROFFSET(7:0)
Maximum Receiver Datarate
Offset
109
MAXRFOFFSET2
RW
R
0‒‒‒0000
FREQ
OFFS
CORR
10A
MAXRFOFFSET1
RW
R
00010110
MAXRFOFFSET(15:8)
Maximum Receiver RF Offset
10B
MAXRFOFFSET0
RW
R
10000111
MAXRFOFFSET(7:0)
Maximum Receiver RF Offset
10C
FSKDMAX1
RW
R
00000000
FSKDEVMAX(15:8)
Four FSK Rx Deviation
10D
FSKDMAX0
RW
R
10000000
FSKDEVMAX(7:0)
Four FSK Rx Deviation
10E
FSKDMIN1
RW
R
11111111
FSKDEVMIN(15:8)
Four FSK Rx Deviation
10F
FSKDMIN0
RW
R
10000000
FSKDEVMIN(7:0)
Four FSK Rx Deviation
110
AFSKSPACE1
RW
R
‒‒‒‒0000
‒
111
AFSKSPACE0
RW
R
01000000
AFSKSPACE(7:0)
112
AFSKMARK1
RW
R
‒‒‒‒0000
‒
113
AFSKMARK0
RW
R
01110101
AFSKMARK(7:0)
114
AFSKCTRL
RW
R
‒‒‒00100
‒
‒
‒
AFSKSHIFT0(4:0)
AFSK Control
115
AMPLFILTER
RW
R
‒‒‒‒0000
‒
‒
‒
‒
AMPLFILTER(3:0)
Amplitude Filter
116
FREQUENCYLEAK
RW
R
‒‒‒‒0000
‒
‒
‒
‒
FREQUENCYLEAK(3:0)
Baseband Frequency Recovery
Loop Leakiness
117
RXPARAMSETS
RW
R
00000000
RXPS3(1:0)
RXPS2(1:0)
RXPS1(1:0)
RXPS0(1:0)
Receiver Parameter Set
Indirection
118
RXPARAMCURSET
R
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
‒
‒
RXSN(1:0)
RXSI(1:0)
Receiver Parameter Current Set
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
MAXRFOFFSET(19:16)
AFSKSPACE(11:8)
Maximum Receiver RF Offset
AFSK Space (0) Frequency
AFSK Space (0) Frequency
‒
‒
AFSKMARK(11:8)
AFSK Mark (1) Frequency
AFSK Mark (1) Frequency
RXSI(2)
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AND9347/D
Register Overview
Receiver Parameter Set 0
120
AGCGAIN0
RW
R
10110100
AGCDECAY0(3:0)
AGCATTACK0(3:0)
121
AGCTARGET0
RW
R
01110110
AGCTARGET0(7:0)
122
AGCAHYST0
RW
R
‒‒‒‒‒000
‒
‒
123
AGCMINMAX0
RW
R
‒000‒000
‒
AGCMAXDA0(2:0)
124
TIMEGAIN0
RW
R
11111000
TIMEGAIN0M(3:0)
TIMEGAIN0E(3:0)
Timing Gain
125
DRGAIN0
RW
R
11110010
DRGAIN0M(3:0)
DRGAIN0E(3:0)
Data Rate Gain
126
PHASEGAIN0
RW
R
11‒‒0011
FILTERIDX0(1:0)
PHASEGAIN0(3:0)
Filter Index, Phase Gain
127
FREQGAINA0
RW
R
00001111
FREQ
LIM0
FREQGAINA0(3:0)
Frequency Gain A
128
FREQGAINB0
RW
R
00‒11111
FREQ
FREQ
FREEZE0 AVG0
‒
FREQGAINB0(4:0)
Frequency Gain B
129
FREQGAINC0
RW
R
‒‒‒01010
‒
‒
‒
FREQGAINC0(4:0)
Frequency Gain C
12A
FREQGAIND0
RW
R
0‒‒01010
RFFREQ ‒
FREEZE0
‒
FREQGAIND0(4:0)
Frequency Gain D
12B
AMPLGAIN0
RW
R
01‒‒0110
AMPL
AVG0
AMPL
AGC0
‒
‒
AMPLGAIN0(3:0)
Amplitude Gain
12C
FREQDEV10
RW
R
‒‒‒‒0000
‒
‒
‒
‒
FREQDEV0(11:8)
Receiver Frequency Deviation
12D
FREQDEV00
RW
R
00100000
FREQDEV0(7:0)
12E
FOURFSK0
RW
R
‒‒‒10110
‒
12F
BBOFFSRES0
RW
R
10001000
RESINTB0(3:0)
AGC Target
‒
‒
‒
‒
FREQ
FREQ
FREQ
MODULO HALFMOD AMPL
0
0
GATE0
‒
AGC Speed
‒
AGCAHYST0(2:0)
AGC Digital Threshold Range
‒
AGCMINDA0(2:0)
AGC Digital Minimum/Maximum
Set Points
Receiver Frequency Deviation
‒
DEV
DEVDECAY0(3:0)
UPDATE0
RESINTA0(3:0)
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Four FSK Control
Baseband Offset Compensation
Resistors
AND9347/D
47
48
Register Overview
Receiver Parameter Set 1
130
AGCGAIN1
RW
R
10110100
AGCDECAY1(3:0)
AGCATTACK1(3:0)
AGC Speed
131
AGCTARGET1
RW
R
01110110
AGCTARGET1(7:0)
132
AGCAHYST1
RW
R
‒‒‒‒‒000
‒
‒
133
AGCMINMAX1
RW
R
‒000‒000
‒
AGCMAXDA1(2:0)
134
TIMEGAIN1
RW
R
11110110
TIMEGAIN1M(3:0)
TIMEGAIN1E(3:0)
Timing Gain
135
DRGAIN1
RW
R
11110001
DRGAIN1M(3:0)
DRGAIN1E(3:0)
Data Rate Gain
136
PHASEGAIN1
RW
R
11‒‒0011
FILTERIDX1(1:0)
PHASEGAIN1(3:0)
Filter Index, Phase Gain
137
FREQGAINA1
RW
R
00001111
FREQ
LIM1
FREQGAINA1(3:0)
Frequency Gain A
138
FREQGAINB1
RW
R
00‒11111
FREQ
FREQ
FREEZE1 AVG1
‒
FREQGAINB1(4:0)
Frequency Gain B
139
FREQGAINC1
RW
R
‒‒‒01011
‒
‒
‒
FREQGAINC1(4:0)
Frequency Gain C
13A
FREQGAIND1
RW
R
0‒‒01011
RFFREQ ‒
FREEZE1
‒
FREQGAIND1(4:0)
Frequency Gain D
13B
AMPLGAIN1
RW
R
01‒‒0110
AMPL
AVG1
AMPL1
AGC1
‒
‒
AMPLGAIN1(3:0)
Amplitude Gain
13C
FREQDEV11
RW
R
‒‒‒‒0000
‒
‒
‒
‒
FREQDEV1(11:8)
Receiver Frequency Deviation
13D
FREQDEV01
RW
R
00100000
FREQDEV1(7:0)
AGC Target
‒
‒
‒
‒
FREQ
FREQ
FREQ
MODULO HALFMOD AMPL
1
1
GATE1
‒
AGCAHYST1(2:0)
AGC Digital Threshold Range
‒
AGCMINDA1(2:0)
AGC Digital Minimum/Maximum
Set Points
Receiver Frequency Deviation
www.onsemi.com
AND9347/D
Register Overview
13E
FOURFSK1
RW
R
‒‒‒11000
‒
‒
‒
DEV
DEVDECAY1(3:0)
UPDATE1
Four FSK Control
13F
BBOFFSRES1
RW
R
10001000
RESINTB1(3:0)
RESINTA1(3:0)
Baseband Offset Compensation
Resistors
AGCATTACK2(3:0)
AGC Speed
Receiver Parameter Set 2
140
AGCGAIN2
RW
R
11111111
AGCDECAY2(3:0)
141
AGCTARGET2
RW
R
01110110
AGCTARGET2(7:0)
142
AGCAHYST2
RW
R
‒‒‒‒‒000
‒
‒
143
AGCMINMAX2
RW
R
‒000‒000
‒
AGCMAXDA2(2:0)
144
TIMEGAIN2
RW
R
11110101
TIMEGAIN2M(3:0)
TIMEGAIN2E(3:0)
Timing Gain
145
DRGAIN2
RW
R
11110000
DRGAIN2M(3:0)
DRGAIN2E(3:0)
Data Rate Gain
146
PHASEGAIN2
RW
R
11‒‒0011
FILTERIDX2(1:0)
PHASEGAIN2(3:0)
Filter Index, Phase Gain
147
FREQGAINA2
RW
R
00001111
FREQ
LIM2
FREQGAINA2(3:0)
Frequency Gain A
148
FREQGAINB2
RW
R
00‒11111
FREQ
FREQ
FREEZE2 AVG2
‒
FREQGAINB2(4:0)
Frequency Gain B
149
FREQGAINC2
RW
R
‒‒‒01101
‒
‒
‒
FREQGAINC2(4:0)
Frequency Gain C
14A
FREQGAIND2
RW
R
0‒‒01101
RFFREQ ‒
FREEZE2
‒
FREQGAIND2(4:0)
Frequency Gain D
14B
AMPLGAIN2
RW
R
01‒‒0110
AMPL
AVG2
AMPL
AGC2
‒
‒
AMPLGAIN2(3:0)
Amplitude Gain
14C
FREQDEV12
RW
R
‒‒‒‒0000
‒
‒
‒
‒
FREQDEV2(11:8)
Receiver Frequency Deviation
14D
FREQDEV02
RW
R
00100000
FREQDEV2(7:0)
AGC Target
‒
‒
‒
‒
FREQ
FREQ
FREQ
MODULO HALFMOD AMPL
2
2
GATE2
‒
AGCAHYST2(2:0)
AGC Digital Threshold Range
‒
AGCMINDA2(2:0)
AGC Digital Minimum/Maximum
Set Points
Receiver Frequency Deviation
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AND9347/D
49
50
Register Overview
14E
FOURFSK2
RW
R
‒‒‒11010
‒
‒
‒
DEV
DEVDECAY2(3:0)
UPDATE2
Four FSK Control
14F
BBOFFSRES2
RW
R
10001000
RESINTB2(3:0)
RESINTA2(3:0)
Baseband Offset Compensation
Resistors
AGCATTACK3(3:0)
AGC Speed
Receiver Parameter Set 3
150
AGCGAIN3
RW
R
11111111
AGCDECAY3(3:0)
151
AGCTARGET3
RW
R
01110110
AGCTARGET3(7:0)
152
AGCAHYST3
RW
R
‒‒‒‒‒000
‒
‒
153
AGCMINMAX3
RW
R
‒000‒000
‒
AGCMAXDA3(2:0)
154
TIMEGAIN3
RW
R
11110101
TIMEGAIN3M(3:0)
TIMEGAIN3E(3:0)
Timing Gain
155
DRGAIN3
RW
R
11110000
DRGAIN3M(3:0)
DRGAIN3E(3:0)
Data Rate Gain
156
PHASEGAIN3
RW
R
11‒‒0011
FILTERIDX3(1:0)
PHASEGAIN3(3:0)
Filter Index, Phase Gain
157
FREQGAINA3
RW
R
00001111
FREQ
LIM3
FREQGAINA3(3:0)
Frequency Gain A
158
FREQGAINB3
RW
R
00‒11111
FREQ
FREQ
FREEZE3 AVG3
‒
FREQGAINB3(4:0)
Frequency Gain B
159
FREQGAINC3
RW
R
‒‒‒01101
‒
‒
‒
FREQGAINC3(4:0)
Frequency Gain C
15A
FREQGAIND3
RW
R
0‒‒01101
RFFREQ ‒
FREEZE3
‒
FREQGAIND3(4:0)
Frequency Gain D
15B
AMPLGAIN3
RW
R
01‒‒0110
AMPL
AVG3
AMPL
AGC3
‒
‒
AMPLGAIN3(3:0)
Amplitude Gain
15C
FREQDEV13
RW
R
‒‒‒‒0000
‒
‒
‒
‒
FREQDEV3(11:8)
Receiver Frequency Deviation
15D
FREQDEV03
RW
R
00100000
FREQDEV3(7:0)
15E
FOURFSK3
RW
R
‒‒‒11010
‒
AGC Target
‒
‒
‒
‒
FREQ
FREQ
FREQ
MODULO HALFMOD AMPL
3
3
GATE3
‒
‒
AGCAHYST3(2:0)
AGC Digital Threshold Range
‒
AGCMINDA3(2:0)
AGC Digital Minimum/Maximum
Set Points
Receiver Frequency Deviation
‒
DEV
DEVDECAY3(3:0)
UPDATE3
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Four FSK Control
AND9347/D
Register Overview
15F
BBOFFSRES3
RW
R
10001000
RESINTB3(3:0)
RESINTA3(3:0)
Baseband Offset Compensation
Resistors
Transmitter Parameters
160
MODCFGF
RW
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒00
‒
‒
‒
161
FSKDEV2
RW
R
00000000
FSKDEV(23:16)
FSK Frequency Deviation
162
FSKDEV1
RW
R
00001010
FSKDEV(15:8)
FSK Frequency Deviation
163
FSKDEV0
RW
R
00111101
FSKDEV(7:0)
FSK Frequency Deviation
164
MODCFGA
RW
R
0000‒101
BROWN
GATE
165
TXRATE2
RW
R
00000000
TXRATE(23:16)
Transmitter Bitrate
166
TXRATE1
RW
R
00101000
TXRATE(15:8)
Transmitter Bitrate
167
TXRATE0
RW
R
11110110
TXRATE(7:0)
Transmitter Bitrate
168
TXPWRCOEFFA1
RW
R
00000000
TXPWRCOEFFA(15:8)
Transmitter Predistortion
Coefficient A
169
TXPWRCOEFFA0
RW
R
00000000
TXPWRCOEFFA(7:0)
Transmitter Predistortion
Coefficient A
16A
TXPWRCOEFFB1
RW
R
00001111
TXPWRCOEFFB(15:8)
Transmitter Predistortion
Coefficient B
16B
TXPWRCOEFFB0
RW
R
11111111
TXPWRCOEFFB(7:0)
Transmitter Predistortion
Coefficient B
16C
TXPWRCOEFFC1
RW
R
00000000
TXPWRCOEFFC(15:8)
Transmitter Predistortion
Coefficient C
16D
TXPWRCOEFFC0
RW
R
00000000
TXPWRCOEFFC(7:0)
Transmitter Predistortion
Coefficient C
16E
TXPWRCOEFFD1
RW
R
00000000
TXPWRCOEFFD(15:8)
Transmitter Predistortion
Coefficient D
PTTLCK
GATE
‒
SLOW RAMP(1:0)
www.onsemi.com
‒
‒
‒
AMPL
SHAPE
FREQ SHAPE(1:0)
TX SE
TX DIFF
Modulator Configuration F
Modulator Configuration A
AND9347/D
51
52
Register Overview
16F
TXPWRCOEFFD0
RW
R
00000000
TXPWRCOEFFD(7:0)
Transmitter Predistortion
Coefficient D
170
TXPWRCOEFFE1
RW
R
00000000
TXPWRCOEFFE(15:8)
Transmitter Predistortion
Coefficient E
171
TXPWRCOEFFE0
RW
R
00000000
TXPWRCOEFFE(7:0)
Transmitter Predistortion
Coefficient E
PLL Parameters
180
PLLVCOI
RW
R
0‒010010
VCOIE
‒
VCOI(5:0)
VCO Current
181
PLLVCOIR
RW
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
‒
‒
VCOIR(5:0)
VCO Current Readback
182
PLLLOCKDET
RW
R
‒‒‒‒‒011
LOCKDETDLYR(1:0) ‒
‒
‒
LOCK
DET
DLYM
183
PLLRNGCLK
RW
R
‒‒‒‒‒011
‒
‒
‒
PLLRNGCLK(2:0)
RW
R
00000000
XTALCAP(7:0)
‒
‒
LOCKDETDLY(1:0)
PLL Lock Detect Delay
PLL Ranging Clock
Crystal Oscillator
184
XTALCAP
Crystal Oscillator Load
Capacitance Configuration
Baseband
188
BBTUNE
RW
R
‒‒‒01001
‒
‒
‒
BB TUNE BBTUNE(3:0)
RUN
189
BBOFFSCAP
RW
R
‒111‒111
‒
CAP INT B(2:0)
‒
CRC SKIP FEC
‒
FIRST
SYNC DIS
ADDR POS(3:0)
Packet Address Config
LEN POS(3:0)
Packet Length Config
CAP INT A(2:0)
Baseband Tuning
Baseband Offset Compensation
Capacitors
MAC Layer Parameters
Packet Format
200
PKTADDRCFG
RW
R
001‒0000
MSB
FIRST
201
PKTLENCFG
RW
R
00000000
LEN BITS(3:0)
202
PKTLENOFFSET
RW
R
00000000
LEN OFFSET(7:0)
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Packet Length Offset
AND9347/D
Register Overview
203
PKTMAXLEN
RW
R
00000000
MAX LEN(7:0)
Packet Maximum Length
204
PKTADDR3
RW
R
00000000
ADDR(31:24)
Packet Address 3
205
PKTADDR2
RW
R
00000000
ADDR(23:16)
Packet Address 2
206
PKTADDR1
RW
R
00000000
ADDR(15:8)
Packet Address 1
207
PKTADDR0
RW
R
00000000
ADDR(7:0)
Packet Address 0
208
PKTADDRMASK3
RW
R
00000000
ADDRMASK(31:24)
Packet Address Mask 3
209
PKTADDRMASK2
RW
R
00000000
ADDRMASK(23:16)
Packet Address Mask 2
20A
PKTADDRMA SK1
RW
R
00000000
ADDRMASK(15:8)
Packet Address Mask 1
20B
PKTADDRMASK0
RW
R
00000000
ADDRMASK(7:0)
Packet Address Mask 0
Pattern Match
210
MATCH0PAT3
RW
R
00000000
MATCH0PAT(31:24)
Pattern Match Unit 0, Pattern
211
MATCH0PAT2
RW
R
00000000
MATCH0PAT(23:16)
Pattern Match Unit 0, Pattern
212
MATCH0PAT1
RW
R
00000000
MATCH0PAT(15:8)
Pattern Match Unit 0, Pattern
213
MATCH0PAT0
RW
R
00000000
MATCH0PAT(7:0)
Pattern Match Unit 0, Pattern
214
MATCH0LEN
RW
R
0‒‒00000
MATCH0
RAW
‒
‒
MATCH0LEN(4:0)
Pattern Match Unit 0, Pattern
Length
215
MATCH0MIN
RW
R
‒‒‒00000
‒
‒
‒
MATCH0MIN(4:0)
Pattern Match Unit 0, Minimum
Match
216
MATCH0MAX
RW
R
‒‒‒11111
‒
‒
‒
MATCH0MAX(4:0)
Pattern Match Unit 0, Maximum
Match
218
MATCH1PAT1
RW
R
00000000
MATCH1PAT(15:8)
Pattern Match Unit 1, Pattern
219
MATCH1PAT0
RW
R
00000000
MATCH1PAT(7:0)
Pattern Match Unit 1, Pattern
21C
MATCH1LEN
RW
R
0‒‒‒0000
MATCH1
RAW
‒
‒
‒
www.onsemi.com
MATCH1LEN(3:0)
Pattern Match Unit 1, Pattern
Length
AND9347/D
53
54
Register Overview
21D
MATCH1MIN
RW
R
‒‒‒‒0000
‒
‒
‒
‒
MATCH1MIN(3:0)
Pattern Match Unit 1, Minimum
Match
21E
MATCH1MAX
RW
R
‒‒‒‒1111
‒
‒
‒
‒
MATCH1MAX(3:0)
Pattern Match Unit 1, Maximum
Match
Packet Controller
220
TMGTXBOOST
RW
R
00110010
TMGTXBOOSTE(2:0)
TMGTXBOOSTM(4:0)
Transmit PLL Boost Time
221
TMGTXSETTLE
RW
R
00001010
TMGTXSETTLEE(2:0)
TMGTXSETTLEM(4:0)
Transmit PLL (post Boost) Settling
Time
223
TMGRXBOOST
RW
R
00110010
TMGRXBOOSTE(2:0)
TMGRXBOOSTM(4:0)
Receive PLL Boost Time
224
TMGRXSETTLE
RW
R
00010100
TMGRXSETTLEE(2:0)
TMGRXSETTLEM(4:0)
Receive PLL (post Boost) Settling
Time
225
TMGRXOFFSACQ
RW
R
01110011
TMGRXOFFSACQE(2:0)
TMGRXOFFSACQM(4:0)
Receive Baseband DC Offset
Acquisition Time
226
TMGRXCOARSEAGC
RW
R
00111001
TMGRXCOARSEAGCE(2:0)
TMGRXCOARSEAGCM(4:0)
Receive Coarse AGC Time
227
TMGRXAGC
RW
R
00000000
TMGRXAGCE(2:0)
TMGRXAGCM(4:0)
Receiver AGC Settling Time
228
TMGRXRSSI
RW
R
00000000
TMGRXRSSIE(2:0)
TMGRXRSSIM(4:0)
Receiver RSSI Settling Time
229
TMGRXPREAMBLE1
RW
R
00000000
TMGRXPREAMBLE1E(2:0)
TMGRXPREAMBLE1M(4:0)
Receiver Preamble 1 Timeout
22A
TMGRXPREAMBLE2
RW
R
00000000
TMGRXPREAMBLE2E(2:0)
TMGRXPREAMBLE2M(4:0)
Receiver Preamble 2 Timeout
22B
TMGRXPREAMBLE3
RW
R
00000000
TMGRXPREAMBLE3E(2:0)
TMGRXPREAMBLE3M(4:0)
Receiver Preamble 3 Timeout
22C
RSSIREFERENCE
RW
R
00000000
RSSIREFERENCE(7:0)
RSSI Offset
22D
RSSIABSTHR
RW
R
00000000
RSSIABSTHR(7:0)
RSSI Absolute Threshold
22E
BGNDRSSIGAIN
RW
R
‒‒‒‒0000
‒
‒
‒
22F
BGNDRSSITHR
RW
R
‒‒000000
‒
‒
BGNDRSSITHR(5:0)
230
PKTCHUNKSIZE
RW
R
‒‒‒‒0000
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
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BGNDRSSIGAIN(3:0)
Background RSSI Averaging Time
Constant
Background RSSI Relative
Threshold
PKTCHUNKSIZE(3:0)
Packet Chunk Size
AND9347/D
Register Overview
231
PKTMISCFLAGS
RW
R
‒‒‒00000
‒
‒
‒
232
PKTSTOREFLAGS
RW
R
‒0000000
‒
ST ANT
RSSI
233
PKTACCEPTFLAGS
RW
R
‒‒000000
‒
WOR
MULTI
PKT
AGC
SETTL
DET
BGND
RSSI
RXAGC
CLK
RXRSSI
CLK
Packet Controller Miscellaneous
Flags
ST CRCB ST RSSI
ST DR
ST
RFOFFS
ST FOFFS ST TIMER Packet Controller Store Flags
‒
ACCPT
LRGP
ACCPT
SZF
ACCPT
ADDRF
ACCPT
CRCF
ACCPT
ABRT
‒
0
0
0
GPADC13 CONT
ACCPT
Packet Controller Accept Flags
RESIDUE
Special Functions
General Purpose ADC
300
GPADCCTRL
RW
R
‒‒000000
BUSY
301
GPADCPERIOD
RW
R
00111111
GPADCPERIOD(7:0)
308
GPADC13VALUE1
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
‒
309
GPADC13VALUE0
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
GPADC13VALUE(7:0)
‒
CH ISOL
General Purpose ADC Control
GPADC Sampling Period
‒
‒
‒
‒
GPADC13VALUE(9:8 GPADC13 Value
)
GPADC13 Value
Low Power Oscillator Calibration
310
LPOSCCONFIG
RW
R
00000000
LPOSC
OSC
INVERT
LPOSC
OSC
DOUBLE
LPOSC
CALIBR
LPOSC
CALIBF
LPOSC
IRQR
LPOSC
IRQF
LPOSC
FAST
LPOSC
ENA
Low Power Oscillator Configuration
311
LPOSCSTATUS
R
R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
‒
LPOSC
IRQ
LPOSC
EDGE
Low Power Oscillator Status
312
LPOSCKFILT1
RW
R
00100000
LPOSCKFILT(15:8)
Low Power Oscillator Calibration
Filter Constant
313
LPOSCKFILT0
RW
R
11000100
LPOSCKFILT(7:0)
Low Power Oscillator Calibration
Filter Constant
314
LPOSCREF1
RW
R
01100001
LPOSCREF(15:8)
Low Power Oscillator Calibration
Reference
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56
Register Overview
315
LPOSCREF0
RW
R
10101000
LPOSCREF(7:0)
Low Power Oscillator Calibration
Reference
316
LPOSCFREQ1
RW
R
00000000
LPOSCFREQ(9:2)
Low Power Oscillator Calibration
Frequency
317
LPOSCFREQ0
RW
R
0000‒‒‒‒
LPOSCFREQ(1:-2)
318
LPOSCPER1
RW
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
LPOSCPER(15:8)
Low Power Oscillator Calibration
Period
319
LPOSCPER0
RW
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
LPOSCPER(7:0)
Low Power Oscillator Calibration
Period
330
DACVALUE1
RW
R
‒‒‒‒0000
‒
331
DACVALUE0
RW
R
00000000
DACVALUE(7:0)
332
DACCONFIG
RW
R
00‒‒0000
DAC PWM DAC CLK ‒
X2
‒
‒
‒
‒
Low Power Oscillator Calibration
Frequency
DAC
‒
‒
‒
DACVALUE(11:8)
DAC Value
DAC Value
‒
DACINPUT(3:0)
DAC Configuration
Performance Tuning Registers
F00‒
FFF
PERFTUNE
RW
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒
Performance Tuning Registers
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AND9347/D
58
Register Details
5. R E G I S T E R D E T A I L S
5.1. R E V I S I O N
5.1.1.
AND
INTERFACE PROBING
R E G I S T E R : REVISION
Name
Bits R/W Reset
REVISION
7:0 R
5.1.2.
Description
01010001 Silicon Revision
R E G I S T E R : SCRATCH
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
SCRATCH
7:0 R
11000101 Scratch Register
The SCRATCH register does not affect the function of the chip in any way. It is intended for
the Microcontroller to test communication to the AX5043.
5.2. O P E R A T I N G M O D E
5.2.1.
R E G I S T E R : PWRMODE
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
PWRMODE
3:0 RW 0000
Description
Bits
Meaning
0000 Powerdown; all circuits powered down
0001 Deep Sleep Mode; Chip is fully powered
down until SEL is lowered again; looses
all register contents
0101 Crystal Oscillator enabled
0111 FIFO enabled
1000 Synthesizer running, Receive Mode
1001 Receiver Running
1011 Receiver Wake-on-Radio Mode
1100 Synthesizer running, Transmit Mode
1101 Transmitter Running
WDS
4
R
‒
Wakeup from Deep Sleep
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AND9347/D
Register Details
REFEN
5
RW 1
Reference Enable; set to 1 to power the internal
reference circuitry
XOEN
6
RW 1
Crystal Oscillator Enable
RST
7
RW 0
Reset; setting this bit to 1 resets the whole chip.
This bit does not auto-reset ‒ the chip remains
in reset state until this bit is cleared.
5.3. P O W E R M A N A G E M E N T
5.3.1.
R E G I S T E R : POWSTAT
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
SVIO
0
R
‒
IO Voltage Large Enough (not Brownout)
SBEVMODEM
1
R
‒
Modem Domain Voltage Brownout Error
(Inverted; 0=Brownout, 1=Power OK)
SBEVANA
2
R
‒
Analog Domain Voltage Brownout Error
(Inverted; 0=Brownout, 1=Power OK)
SVMODEM
3
R
‒
Modem Domain Voltage Regulator Ready
SVANA
4
R
‒
Analog Domain Voltage Regulator Ready
SVREF
5
R
‒
Reference Voltage Regulator Ready
SREF
6
R
‒
Reference Ready
SSUM
7
R
‒
Summary Ready Status (one when all unmasked
POWIRQMASK power sources are ready)
5.3.2.
R E G I S T E R : POWSTICKYSTAT
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
SSVIO
0
R
‒
Sticky IO Voltage Large Enough (not Brownout)
SSBEVMODEM
1
R
‒
Sticky Modem Domain Voltage Brownout Error
(Inverted; 0=Brownout detected, 1=Power OK)
SSBEVANA
2
R
‒
Sticky Analog Domain Voltage Brownout Error
(Inverted; 0=Brownout detected, 1=Power OK)
SSVMODEM
3
R
‒
Sticky Modem Domain Voltage Regulator Ready
SSVANA
4
R
‒
Sticky Analog Domain Voltage Regulator Ready
SSVREF
5
R
‒
Sticky Reference Voltage Regulator Ready
SSREF
6
R
‒
Sticky Reference Ready
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Register Details
SSSUM
5.3.3.
7
R
‒
Sticky Summary Ready Status (zero when any
unmasked POWIRQMASK power sources is not
ready)
R E G I S T E R : POWIRQMASK
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
MSVIO
0
RW 0
IO Voltage Large Enough (not Brownout)
Interrupt Mask
MSBEVMODEM
1
RW 0
Modem Domain Voltage Brownout Error
Interrupt Mask
MSBEVANA
2
RW 0
Analog Domain Voltage Brownout Error Interrupt
Mask
MSVMODEM
3
RW 0
Modem Domain Voltage Regulator Ready
Interrupt Mask
MSVANA
4
RW 0
Analog Domain Voltage Regulator Ready
Interrupt Mask
MSVREF
5
RW 0
Reference Voltage Regulator Ready Interrupt
Mask
MSREF
6
RW 0
Reference Ready Interrupt Mask
MPWRGOOD
7
RW 0
If 0, interrupt whenever one of the unmasked
power sources fail (clear interrupt by reading
POWSTICKYSTAT); if 1, interrupt when all
unmasked power sources are good
5.4. I N T E R R U P T C O N T R O L
5.4.1.
R E G I S T E R : IRQMASK1, IRQMASK0
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
IRQMFIFONOTEMPTY 0
RW 0
FIFO not empty interrupt enable
IRQMFIFONOTFULL
1
RW 0
FIFO not full interrupt enable
IRQMFIFOTHRCNT
2
RW 0
FIFO count > threshold interrupt enable
IRQMFIFOTHRFREE
3
RW 0
FIFO free > threshold interrupt enable
IRQMFIFOERROR
4
RW 0
FIFO error interrupt enable
IRQMPLLUNLOCK
5
RW 0
PLL lock lost interrupt enable
IRQMRADIOCTRL
6
RW 0
Radio Controller interrupt enable
IRQMPOWER
7
RW 0
Power interrupt enable
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AND9347/D
Register Details
IRQMXTALREADY
8
RW 0
Crystal Oscillator Ready interrupt enable
IRQMWAKEUPTIMER 9
RW 0
Wakeup Timer interrupt enable
IRQMLPOSC
10
RW 0
Low Power Oscillator interrupt enable
IRQMGPADC
11
RW 0
GPADC interrupt enable
IRQMPLLRNGDONE
12
RW 0
PLL autoranging done interrupt enable
Zero disables the corresponding interrupt, while one enables it.
5.4.2.
R E G I S T E R : RADIOEVENT MASK1, RADIOEVENT MASK0
Name
Bits R/
W
REVMDONE
0
RW 0
Transmit or Receive Done Radio Event Enable
REVMSETTLED
1
RW 0
PLL Settled Radio Event Enable
REVMRADIOSTATEC 2
HG
RW 0
Radio State Changed Event Enable
REVMRXPARAMSETC 3
HG
RW 0
Receiver Parameter Set Changed Event Enable
REVMFRAMECLK
RW 0
Frame Clock Event Enable
5.4.3.
4
Reset
Description
R E G I S T E R : IRQINVERSION1, IRQINVERSIO N0
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
IRQINVFIFONOTEMP 0
TY
RW 0
FIFO not empty interrupt inversion
IRQINVFIFONOTFUL 1
L
RW 0
FIFO not full interrupt inversion
IRQINVFIFOTHRCNT 2
RW 0
FIFO count > threshold interrupt inversion
IRQINVFIFOTHRFRE 3
E
RW 0
FIFO free > threshold interrupt inversion
IRQINVFIFOERROR
4
RW 0
FIFO error interrupt inversion
IRQINVPLLUNLOCK
5
RW 0
PLL lock lost interrupt inversion
IRQINVRADIOCTRL
6
RW 0
Radio Controller interrupt inversion
IRQINVPOWER
7
RW 0
Power interrupt inversion
IRQINVXTALREADY
8
RW 0
Crystal Oscillator Ready interrupt inversion
IRQINVWAKEUPTIM 9
ER
RW 0
Wakeup Timer interrupt inversion
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Register Details
IRQINVLPOSC
10
RW 0
Low Power Oscillator interrupt inversion
IRQINVGPADC
11
RW 0
GPADC interrupt inversion
IRQINVPLLRNGDON 12
E
RW 0
PLL autoranging done interrupt inversion
5.4.4.
R E G I S T E R : IRQREQUEST1, IRQREQUEST0
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
IRQRQFIFONOTEMP 0
TY
R
‒
FIFO not empty interrupt pending
IRQRQFIFONOTFULL 1
R
‒
FIFO not full interrupt pending
IRQRFIFOTHRCNT
2
R
‒
FIFO count > threshold interrupt pending
IRQRFIFOTHRFREE
3
R
‒
FIFO free > threshold interrupt pending
IRQRFIFOERROR
4
R
‒
FIFO error interrupt pending
IRQRQPLLUNLOCK
5
R
‒
PLL lock lost interrupt pending
IRQRRADIOCTRL
6
R
‒
Radio Controller interrupt pending
IRQRPOWER
7
R
‒
Power interrupt pending
IRQRXTALREADY
8
R
‒
Crystal Oscillator Ready interrupt pending
IRQRWAKEUPTIMER 9
R
‒
Wakeup Timer interrupt pending
IRQRLPOSC
10
R
‒
Low Power Oscillator interrupt pending
IRQRGPADC
11
R
‒
GPADC interrupt pending
IRQRQPLLRNGDONE 12
R
‒
PLL autoranging done interrupt pending
5.4.5.
R E G I S T E R : RADIOEVENT REQ1, RADIOEVENTREQ0
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
REVRDONE
0
RC
‒
Transmit or Receive Done Radio Event Pending
REVRSETTLED
1
RC
‒
PLL Settled Radio Event Pending
REVRRADIOSTATEC 2
HG
RC
‒
Radio State Changed Event Pending
REVRRXPARAMSETC 3
HG
RC
‒
Receiver Parameter Set Changed Event Pending
REVRFRAMECLK
RC
‒
Frame Clock Event Pending
4
The bits in this register are cleared upon reading this register.
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AND9347/D
Register Details
5.5. M O D U L A T I O N
5.5.1.
AND
FRAMING
R E G I S T E R : MODULATION
Name
Bits R/
W
MODULATION
3:0 RW 1000
RX HALFSPEED
4
Reset
RW 0
Description
Bits
Meaning
0000
ASK
0001
ASK Coherent
0100
PSK
0110
OQSK
0111
MSK
1000
FSK
1001
4-FSK
1010
AFSK
1011
FM
if set, halves the receive bitrate
Transmitter amplitude shaping is set using the MODCFGA register, and frequency shaping is
set using the MODCFGF register.
5.5.2.
R E G I S T E R : ENCODING
Name
Bits R/W Reset
Description
ENC INV
0
RW 0
Invert data if set to 1
ENC DIFF
1
RW 1
Differential Encode/Decode data if set to 1
ENC SCRAM
2
RW 0
Enable Scrambler / Descrambler if set to 1
ENC MANCH
3
RW 0
Enable manchester encoding/decoding. FM0/FM1
may be achieved by also appropriately setting
ENC DIFF and ENC INV
ENC NOSYNC
4
RW 0
Disable Dibit synchronisation in 4-FSK mode
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Figure 17: Scrambler Schematic Diagram
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64
Register Details
Figure 18: Descrambler Schematic Diagram
The intention of the scrambler is the removal of tones contained in the transmit data, i.e. to
randomize the transmit spectrum. The scrambler polynomial is 1 + X12 + X17, it is therefore
compatible to the K9NG/G3RUH Satellite Modems.
Figure 17 and Figure 18 show schematic diagrams of the scrambler and the descrambler
operation. The numbered boxes represent delays by one bit.
ENC NOSYNC should normally be set to zero, unless the chip is either in the RXFRAMING or
TXFRAMING mode and PWRUP is not used as a synchronisation signal.
1
1
0
0
1
0
NRZ
NRZI
FM1
(Biphase Mark)
FM0
(Biphase Space)
Manchester
Figure 19: Customary Encodings
Figure 19 shows a few well known encoding formats used in telecom.
Name
Bits
Description
NRZ
INV=0, DIFF=0, NRZ represents 1 as a high signal level, 0 as a low signal
SCRAM=0,
level. NRZ performs no change
MANCH=0
NRZI
INV=1, DIFF=1, NRZI represents 1 as no change in the signal level, and 0 as
SCRAM=0,
a change in the signal level. NRZI is recommended for
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AND9347/D
Register Details
MANCH=0
HDLC [1]. The HDLC bit stuffing ensures that there are
periodic zeros and thus transitions, and the encoding is
inversion invariant.
FM1
INV=1, DIFF=1, FM1 (Biphase Mark) always ensures transitions at bit edges.
SCRAM=0,
It encodes 1 as a transition at the bit center, and 0 as no
MANCH=1
transition at the bit center.
FM0
INV=0, DIFF=1, FM0 (Biphase Space) always ensures transitions at bit
SCRAM=0,
edges. It encodes 1 as no transition at the bit center, and 0
MANCH=1
as a transition at the bit center.
Manchester
INV=0, DIFF=0, Manchester encodes 1 as a 10 pattern, and 0 as a 01
SCRAM=0,
pattern. Manchester is not inversion invariant.
MANCH=1
Guidelines:

Manchester, FM0, and FM1 are not recommended for new systems, as they double
the bitrate

In HDLC [1] mode, use NRZI, NRZI+Scrambler, or NRZ+Scrambler.

In Raw modes, the choice depends on the legacy system to be implemented.
5.5.3.
R E G I S T E R : FRAMI NG
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
FABORT
0
0
Write 1 to abort current HDLC [1] packet /
pattern match
FRMMODE
3:1 RW 000
S
Bits Meaning
000 Raw
001 Raw, Soft Bits
010 HDLC [1]
011 Raw, Pattern Match
100 Wireless M-Bus
101 Wireless M-Bus, 4-to-6 encoding
CRCMODE
6:4 RW 000
Bits Meaning
000 Off
001 CCITT (16bit)
010 CRC-16
011 DNP (16bit)
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Register Details
110 CRC-32
FRMRX
7
R
‒
Packet start detected, receiver running; this bit
is set when a flag is detected in HDLC [1] mode
or when the preamble matches in Raw Pattern
Match mode. Cleared by writing 1 to FABORT
Note: The wireless M-Bus definition of “Manchester” is inverse to the definition used by the
AX5043. AX5043 defines “Manchester” as the transmission of the data bit followed by the
transmission of the inverted data bit. Wireless M-Bus defines it the other way around. In
order to avoid having to enable inversion in the ENCODING register, the AX5043 inverts
normal data bits when FRMMODE is set to Wireless M-Bus.
Note: If FRMMODE is set to Raw, Soft Bits, register F72 must be set to 0x06. Otherwise, it
should be left or set to 0x00.
5.5.4.
R E G I S T E R : CRCINIT3, CRCINIT2, CRCINIT1, CRCINIT0
Name
Bits
R/
W
Reset
Description
CRCINIT
31:0 RW 0xFFFFFFFF
CRC Reset Value; normally all ones
5.6. F O R W A R D E R R O R C O R R E C T I O N
5.6.1.
R E G I S T E R : FEC
Name
R/
Bits W
FECENA
0
FECINPSHIFT
3:1 RW 000
Attenuate soft Rx Data by 2-FECINPSHIFT
FECPOS
4
RW 0
Enable noninverted Interleaver Synchronisation
FECNEG
5
RW 0
Enable inverted Interleaver Synchronisation
RSTVITERBI
6
RW 0
Reset Viterbi Decoder
SHORTMEM
7
RW 0
Shorten Backtrack Memory
Reset
RW 0
Description
Enable FEC (Convolutional Encoder)
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AND9347/D
Register Details
g1
D Q
D Q
D Q
D Q
Q'
Q'
Q'
Q'
g2
Figure 20: Schematic Diagram of the Convolutional Encoder
FECENA enables the Forward Error Correction and the Interleaver.
The Interleaver is a 4 × 4 matrix interleaver, i.e. transmit bits are filled in row-wise and
read out column-wise.
The Convolutional Code is a nonsystematic Rate ½ code with the generators g1 = 1 + D3 +
D4 and g2 = 1 + D + D2 + D4. It has a minimum free distance of dfree = 7. Figure 20 shows a
schematic diagram of the convolutional encoder.
In the Transmitter, HDLC [1] flags are aligned (by inserting zero bits) to the interleaver. In
the Receiver, a convolver to the encoded / interleaved flag sequence establishes
deinterleaver synchronisation and inversion detection. That means, that FEC only works
with HDLC framing.
The Viterbi decoder uses soft metric.
5.6.2.
R E G I S T E R : FECSYNC
Name
Bits R/
W
FECSYNC
7:0 RW 01100010 Interleaver Synchronisation Threshold
5.6.3.
Reset
Description
R E G I S T E R : FECSTATUS
Name
R/
Bits W
Reset
Description
MAXMETRIC
6:0 R
‒
Metric increment of the survivor path
FEC INV
7
‒
Inverted Synchronisation Sequence received
R
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Register Details
5.7. S T A T U S
5.7.1.
R E G I S T E R : RADIOST ATE
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
RADIO STATE
3:0 R
0000
Radio Controller State
Bits
Meaning
0000 Idle
0001 Powerdown
0100 Tx PLL Settling
0110 Tx
0111 Tx Tail
1000 Rx PLL Settling
1001 Rx Antenna Selection
1100 Rx Preamble 1
1101 Rx Preamble 2
1110 Rx Preamble 3
1111 Rx
5.7.2.
R E G I S T E R : XTALST ATUS
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
XTAL RUN
0
‒
1 indicates crystal oscillator running and stable
R
5.8. P I N C O N F I G U R A T I O N
5.8.1.
R E G I S T E R : PINST ATE
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
PSSYSCLK
0
R
‒
Signal Level on Pin SYSCLK
PSDCLK
1
R
‒
Signal Level on Pin DCLK
PSDATA
2
R
‒
Signal Level on Pin DATA
PSIRQ
3
R
‒
Signal Level on Pin IRQ
PSANTSEL
4
R
‒
Signal Level on Pin ANTSEL
PSPWRAMP
5
R
‒
Signal Level on Pin PWRAMP
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Register Details
5.8.2.
R E G I S T E R : PINFUNCSYSCLK
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
PFSYSCLK
4:0 RW 01000
Description
Bits
Meaning
00000
SYSCLK Output ’0’
00001
SYSCLK Output ’1’
00010
SYSCLK Output ’Z’
00011
SYSCLK Output inverted fXTAL
00100
SYSCLK Output fXTAL
f XTAL
SYSCLK Output
2
f XTAL
SYSCLK Output
4
f XTAL
SYSCLK Output
8
f XTAL
SYSCLK Output
16
f XTAL
SYSCLK Output
32
f XTAL
SYSCLK Output
64
f XTAL
SYSCLK Output
128
f XTAL
SYSCLK Output
256
f XTAL
SYSCLK Output
512
f XTAL
SYSCLK Output
1024
00101
00110
00111
01000
01001
01010
01011
01100
01101
01110
PUSYSCLK
5.8.3.
7
RW 0
01111
SYSCLK Output Low Power (LP)
Oscillator
11111
SYSCLK Output Test Observation
SYSCLK weak Pullup enable
R E G I S T E R : PINFUNCDCLK
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
PFDCLK
2:0 RW 100
Description
Bits Meaning
000 DCLK Output ’0’
001 DCLK Output ’1’
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Register Details
010 DCLK Output ’Z’
011 DCLK Output Modem Data Clock Input;
use when inputting/outputting framing
data on DATA
100 DCLK Output Modem Data Clock Output;
use when observing modem data on DATA
101 DCLK Output Modem Data Clock Output;
use when inputting/outputting framing
data on DATA, and you do not want to
generate a clock yourself
110 invalid
111 DCLK Output Test Observation
PIDCLK
6
RW 0
DCLK inversion
PUDCLK
7
RW 0
DCLK weak Pullup enable
5.8.4.
R E G I S T E R : PINFUNCDATA
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
PFDATA
3:0 RW 0111
Description
Bits
Meaning
0000 DATA Output ’0’
0001 DATA Output ’1’
0010 DATA Output ’Z’
0011 DATA Input/Output Framing Data
0100 DATA Input/Output Modem Data
0101 DATA Input/Output Async Modem
Data
0110 invalid
0111 DATA Output Modem Data
1111 DATA Output Test Observation
PIDATA
6
RW 0
DATA inversion
PUDATA
7
RW 1
DATA weak Pullup enable
In Asynchronous Wire Mode, the maximum bitrate is limited to
5.8.5.
f XTAL
.
32
R E G I S T E R : PINFUNCIRQ
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
PFIRQ
2:0 RW 011
Description
Bits Meaning
000 IRQ Output ’0’
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Register Details
001 IRQ Output ’1’
010 IRQ Output ’Z’
IRQ Output Interrupt
011 Request
111 IRQ Output Test Observation
PIIRQ
6
RW 0
IRQ inversion
PUIRQ
7
RW 0
IRQ weak Pullup enable
5.8.6.
R E G I S T E R : PINFUNCANT SEL
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
PFANTSEL
2:0 RW 110
Description
Bits Meaning
000 ANTSEL Output ’0’
001 ANTSEL Output ’1’
010 ANTSEL Output ’Z’
011 ANTSEL Output Baseband Tune Clock
100 ANTSEL Output External TCXO Enable
101 ANTSEL Output DAC
ANTSEL Output Diversity Antenna
110 Select
111 ANTSEL Output Test Observation
PIANTSEL
6
RW 0
ANTSEL inversion
PUANTSEL
7
RW 0
ANTSEL weak Pullup enable
5.8.7.
R E G I S T E R : PINFUNCPWRAM P
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
PFPWRAMP
3:0 RW 0110
Description
Bits
Meaning
0000 PWRAMP Output ’0’
0001 PWRAMP Output ’1’
0010 PWRAMP Output ’Z’
0011 PWRAMP Input DiBit Synchronisation (4FSK); use when inputting/outputting 4FSK framing data on DATA
0100 PWRAMP Output DiBit Synchronisation
(4-FSK); use when observing 4-FSK
modem data on DATA
0101 PWRAMP Output DAC
0110 PWRAMP Output Power Amplifier Control
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Register Details
0111 PWRAMP Output External TCXO Enable
1111 PWRAMP Output Test Observation
PIPWRAMP
6
RW 0
PWRAMP inversion
PUPWRAMP
7
RW 0
PWRAMP weak Pullup enable
5.8.8.
R E G I S T E R : PWRAMP
Name
Bits R/
W
PWRAMP
0
Reset
RW 0
Description
Power Amplifier Control
The PWRAMP bit may be output on the PWRAMP pin. This signal may be used to control an
external power amplifier.
5.9. FIFO R E G I S T E R S
5.9.1.
R E G I S T E R : FIFOST AT
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
FIFO EMPTY
0
R
1
FIFO is empty if 1. This bit is dangerous to use
when PWRMODE is set to Receiver Wake-onRadio mode. In this mode, the FIFO and thus
the FIFOSTAT register is only powered up while
the FIFO is not empty, and powered down
immediately when the FIFO becomes empty.
When powered down, reading FIFOSTAT returns
zero, indicating a non-empty FIFO while in
reality the FIFO is empty. In Wake-on-Radio
mode, it is recommended to use the
IRQRQFIFONOTEMPTY bit of Register
IRQREQUEST0. This bit will work in all cases,
even when the interrupt is masked.
FIFO FULL
1
R
0
FIFO is full if 1
FIFO UNDER
2
R
0
FIFO underrun occured since last read of
FIFOSTAT when 1
FIFO OVER
3
R
0
FIFO overrun occured since last read of
FIFOSTAT when 1
FIFO CNT THR
4
R
0
1 if the FIFO count is > FIFOTHRESH
FIFO FREE THR
5
R
0
1 if the FIFO free space is > FIFOTHRESH
FIFOCMD
5:0 W
‒
FIFO Command
Bits
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Meaning
AND9347/D
Register Details
FIFO AUTO COMMIT 7
5.9.2.
RW 0
000000
No Operation
000001
Clear FIFO Data
000010
Clear FIFO Error (OVER and UNDER)
Flags
000011
Clear FIFO Data and Flags
000100
Commit
000101
Rollback
000110
Invalid
000111
Invalid
001XXX
Invalid
01XXXX
Invalid
1XXXXX
Invalid
If one, FIFO write bytes are automatically
commited on every write
R E G I S T E R : FIFODAT A
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
FIFODATA
7:0 RW ‒
Description
FIFO access register
Note that when accessing this register, the SPI address pointer is not incremented, allowing
for efficient burst accesses
5.9.3.
R E G I S T E R : FIFOCOUNT1, FIFOCOUNT0
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
FIFOCOUNT
8:0 R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒ Current number of committed FIFO Words
5.9.4.
Description
R E G I S T E R : FIFOFREE1, FIFOFREE0
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
FIFOFREE
8:0 R
‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒‒ Current number of empty FIFO Words
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Register Details
5.9.5.
R E G I S T E R : FIFOTHRESH1, FIFOTHRESH0
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
FIFOTHRESH
8:0 RW 000000000 FIFO Threshold
5.10. S Y N T H E S I Z E R
5.10.1.
R E G I S T E R : PLLLOOP, PLLLOOPBOOST
The PLLLOOP and PLLLOOPBOOST select PLL Loop Filter configuration for both normal mode
and boosted mode. All fields in this register are separate, except for FREQSEL, which is
common to both registers.
Name
Bits R/
W
FLT
1:0 RW 01
FLTBOOST
11
FILTEN
2
RW 0
FILTENBOOST
DIRECT
3
FREQSEL
Description
Bits Meaning
00
External Loop Filter
01
Internal Loop Filter, BW=100kHz for ICP =
68μA
10
Internal Loop Filter ×2, BW=200kHz for
ICP = 272μA
11
Internal Loop Filter ×5, BW=500kHz for
ICP = 1.7mA
Enable External Filter Pin
0
RW 1
DIRECTBOOST
5.10.2.
Reset
Bypass External Filter Pin
1
7
RW 0
Frequency Register Selection; 0=use FREQA,
1=use FREQB
R E G I S T E R : PLLCPI, PLLCPIBOOST
Name
Bits R/
W
PLLCPI
7:0 RW 00001000 Charge pump current in multiples of 8.5μA
PLLCPIBOOST
Reset
Description
11001000
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Register Details
5.10.3.
R E G I S T E R : PLLVCODIV
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
REFDIV
1:0 RW 00
Description
Reference Divider
Bit
s
Meaning
00
fPD = fXTAL
f XTAL
fPD =
2
f XTAL
fPD =
4
f XTAL
fPD =
8
01
10
11
RFDIV
2
RW 0
RF divider: 0=no RF divider, 1=divide RF by 2
VCOSEL
4
RW 0
0=fully internal VCO1, 1=internal VCO2 with
external inductor or external VCO, depending on
VCO2INT
VCO2INT
5
RW 0
1=internal VCO2 with external Inductor,
0=external VCO
5.10.4.
R E G I S T E R : PLLRANGI NGA, PLLRANGINGB
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
VCORA
3:0 RW 1000
VCORB
1000
Description
VCO Range; depending on bit FREQSEL of
PLLLOOP, VCORA or VCORB is used
RNG START
4
RS
0
PLL Autoranging; Write 1 to start autoranging,
bit clears when autoranging done. Autoranging
always applies to the VCOR selected by FREQSEL
of PLLLOOP.
RNGERR
5
R
‒
Ranging Error; Set when RNG START transitions
from 1 to 0 and the programmed frequency
cannot be achieved
PLL LOCK
6
R
‒
PLL is locked if 1
STICKY LOCK
7
R
‒
if 0, PLL lost lock after last read of
PLLRANGINGA or PLLRANGINGB register
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Register Details
5.10.5.
R E G I S T E R : FREQA3, FREQA2, FREQA1, FREQA0
Name
Bits
R/
W
Reset
Description
FREQA
31:0 RW 0x3934CCCD
⌊
Frequency; FREQA =
f CARRIER 24 1
⋅2 +
f XTAL
2
⌋
It is not recommended to use an RF frequency that is an integer multiple of the reference
frequency, due to stray RF desensitizing the receiver.
It is strongly recommended to always set bit 0 to avoid spectral tones.
5.10.6.
R E G I S T E R : FREQB3, FREQB2, FREQB1, FREQB0
Name
Bits
R/
W
Reset
Description
FREQB
31:0 RW 0x3934CCCD
Frequency; FREQB=
⌊
f CARRIER 24 1
⋅2 +
f XTAL
2
⌋
See notes of FREQA register.
5.11. S I G N A L S T R E N G T H
5.11.1.
R E G I S T E R : RSSI
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
RSSI
7:0 R
‒
Received Signal Strength, in dB
5.11.2.
R E G I S T E R : BGND RSSI
Name
Bits R/W Reset
BGNDRSSI
7:0 RW 00000000 Background Noise (RSSI)
5.11.3.
Description
R E G I S T E R : DIVERSIT Y
Name
Bits R/
W
DIVENA
0
Reset
RW 0
Description
Antenna Diversity Enable
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AND9347/D
Register Details
ANTSEL
1
RW 0
Antenna Select
DIVENA enables the internal antenna diversity logic.
The ANTSEL bit may be output on pin ANTSEL, and this signal may be used to control an
external antenna switch.
5.11.4.
R E G I S T E R : AGCCOUNTER
Name
R/
Bits W
Reset
Description
AGCCOUNTER
7:0 R
‒
Current AGC Gain, in 0.75dB steps
5.12. R E C E I V E R T R A C K I N G
5.12.1.
R E G I S T E R : TRKDATARATE2, TRKDATARATE1, TRKD AT ARATE0
Name
Bits
TRKDATARATE
23:0 R
5.12.2.
R/
W
Bits
TRKAMPL
15:0 R
R/
W
‒
Current datarate tracking value
Reset
Description
‒
Current amplitude tracking value
R E G I S T E R : TRKPHASE1, TRKPHASE0
Name
Bits
TRKPHASE
11:0 R
5.12.4.
Description
R E G I S T E R : TRKAMPL1, TRKAMPL0
Name
5.12.3.
Reset
R/
W
Reset
Description
‒
Current phase tracking value
R E G I S T E R : TRKRFFREQ2, TRKRFFREQ1, TRKRFFREQ0
Name
Bits
R/
W
Reset
TRKRFFREQ
19:0 RW ‒
Description
Current RF frequency tracking value
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78
Register Details
This Register is reset to zero when the demodulator is not running. In order to avoid write
collisions between the demodulator and the microcontroller with undefined results,
TRKFREQ should be frozen before attempting to write to. To freeze, set the RFFREQFREEZE
bit in the appropriate FREQGAIND0, FREQGAIND1,FREQGAIND2, or FREQGAIND3 register,
1
then wait for
for the freeze to take effect.
4⋅BAUDRATE
5.12.5.
R E G I S T E R : TRKFREQ1, TRKFREQ0
Name
Bits
R/
W
Reset
TRKFREQ
15:0 RW ‒
Description
Current frequency tracking value
The current frequency offset estimate is Δ f =
TRKFREQ
⋅BITRATE
16
2
This Register is reset to zero when the demodulator is not running. In order to avoid write
collisions between the demodulator and the microcontroller with undefined results,
TRKFREQ should be frozen before attempting to write to. To freeze, set the FREQFREEZE bit
in the appropriate FREQGAINB0, FREQGAINB1,FREQGAINB2, or FREQGAINB3 register, then
1
wait for
for the freeze to take effect.
4⋅BAUDRATE
5.12.6.
R E G I S T E R : TRKFSKDEMOD1, TRKFSKDE MOD0
Name
Bits
TRKFSKDEMOD
13:0 R
5.12.7.
R/
W
Description
‒
Current FSK demodulator value
R E G I S T E R : TRKAFSKDE MOD1, TRKAFSKDE MOD0
Name
Bits
TRKAFSKDEMOD
15:0 R
5.12.8.
Reset
R/
W
Reset
Description
‒
Current AFSK demodulator value
TRACKING REGISTER RESETS
Writes to TRKAMPL1, TRKAMPL0, TRKPHASE1, TRKPHASE0, TRKDATARATE2,
TRKDATARATE1, TRKDATARATE0 cause the following action:
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AND9347/D
Register Details
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
DTRKRESET
3
W
‒
Writing 1 clears the Datarate Tracking Register
ATRKRESET
4
W
‒
Writing 1 clears the Amplitude Tracking Register
PTRKRESET
5
W
‒
Writing 1 clears the Phase Tracking Register
RTRKRESET
6
W
‒
Writing 1 clears the RF Frequency Tracking
Register
FTRKRESET
7
W
‒
Writing 1 clears the Frequency Tracking Register
5.13. T I M E R
5.13.1.
R E G I S T E R : TIMER2, TIMER1, TIMER0
The main purpose of the fast μs Timer is to enable the microcontroller to exactly determine
the packet start time. A snapshot of this timer at packet start can be written to the FIFO.
Name
Bits
R/
W
TIMER
23:0 R
Reset
‒
Description
f XTAL
) Counter; starts counting as soon
16
as modem voltage regulator and Crystal
Oscillator running
1MHz (
5.14. W A K E U P T I M E R
The wakeup timer is a low power timer that can generate periodic events. It can generate a
microcontroller interrupt (register IRQMASK1) or start the receiver in wake-on-radio mode
(register PWRMODE). The interrupt can be cleared by reading or writing any wakeup timer
register.
The wakeup timer is driven by the low power oscillator. At every low power oscillator clock
edge, the WAKEUPTIMER register is incremented by 1. The counting frequency can be set to
640Hz or 10.24kHz (register LPOSCCONFIG).
Whenever the WAKEUPTIMER register matches the WAKEUP register, an event is signalled,
and the WAKEUPFREQ register is added to the WAKEUP register, to prepare for the next
wakeup event.
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Register Details
Since crystals often take a significant amount of time to start up, the crystal oscillator may
be started early using the WAKEUPXOEARLY register.
5.14.1.
R E G I S T E R : WAKEUPTIMER1, WAKEUPTIMER0
Name
Bits
WAKEUPTIMER
15:0 R
5.14.2.
R/
W
Reset
Description
‒‒‒‒
Wakeup Timer
R E G I S T E R : WAKEUP1, WAKEUP0
Name
Bits
WAKEUP
15:0 RW 0x0000
5.14.3.
R/
W
Reset
Wakeup Time
R E G I S T E R : WAKEUPFREQ1, WAKEUPFREQ0
Name
Bits
WAKEUPFREQ
15:0 RW 0x0000
5.14.4.
Description
R/
W
Reset
Description
Wakeup Frequency; Zero disables Wakeup
R E G I S T E R : WAKEUPXOEARLY
Name
Bits
R/
W
Reset
WAKEUPXOEARLY
7:0
RW 0x00
Description
Number of LPOSC clock cycles by which the
Crystal Oscillator is woken up before the main
receiver
5.15. R E C E I V E R P A R A M E T E R S
5.15.1.
R E G I S T E R : IFFREQ1, IFFREQ0
Name
Bits
R/
W
Reset
IFFREQ
15:0 RW 0x1327
Description
⌊
IF Frequency; IFFREQ=
f IF⋅f XTALDIV 20 1
⋅2 +
f XTAL
2
⌋
Please use the AX_RadioLab software to calculate the optimum IF frequency for given
physical layer parameters.
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AND9347/D
Register Details
5.15.2.
R E G I S T E R : DECIMATION
Name
Bits
R/
W
Reset
DECIMATION
6:0
RW 0001101
Description
Filter Decimation factor; Filter Output runs at
f XTAL
f BASEBAND = 4
2 ⋅f XTALDIV⋅DECIMATION
The value 0 is illegal.
5.15.3.
R E G I S T E R : RXD AT ARATE2, RXD AT ARATE1, RXDATARATE0
Name
Bits
R/
W
Reset
RXDATARATE
23:0 RW 0x003D8A
Description
RXDATARATE =
7
2 ⋅f XTAL
1
+
f XTALDIV⋅BITRATE⋅DECIMATION 2
⌊
⌋
RXDATARATE - TIMEGAINx ≥ 212 should be ensured when programming. Otherwise, the
hardware does it, but this may cause instability due to asymmetric timing correction.
5.15.4.
R E G I S T E R : MAXDROFFSE T2, MAXD ROFFSET1, MAXDRO FFSET0
Name
Bits
R/
W
Reset
MAXDROFFSET
23:0 RW 0x00009E
Description
MAXDROFFSET =
7
2 ⋅f XTAL⋅Δ BITRATE
⌊
1
f XTALDIV⋅BITRATE ⋅DECIMATION 2
2
+
⌋
The maximum bitrate offset the receiver is able to tolerate can be specified by the
parameter ΔBITRATE. The receiver will be able to tolerate a data rate within the range
BITRATE ± ΔBITRATE. The downside of increasing ΔBITRATE is that the required preamble
length increases. Therefore, ΔBITRATE should only be chosen as large as the transmitters
require. If the bitrate offset is less than approximately ±1%, receiver bitrate tracking
should be switched off completely by setting MAXDROFFSET to zero, to ensure minimum
preamble length.
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Register Details
5.15.5.
R E G I S T E R : MAXRFO FFSET2, MAXRFO FFSET1, MAXRFO FFSET0
Name
Bits
R/
W
Reset
MAXRFOFFSET
19:0 RW 0x01687
FREQOFFSCORR
23
RW 0
Description
MAXRFOFFSET=
⌊
Δ f CARRIER 24 1
⋅2 +
f XTAL
2
⌋
Correct frequency offset at the first LO if this bit
is one; at the second LO if this bit is zero
This register sets the maximum frequency offset the built-in Automatic Frequency
Correction (AFC) should handle. Set it to the maximum frequency offset between
Transmitter and Receiver. Enlarging this register increases the time needed for the AFC to
achieve lock. The AFC can only achieve lock if the transmit signal partially passes through
the receiver channel filter. This limits the practically usable range for the AFC circuit to
approximately ±¼ of the Filter Bandwidth. The acquisition and tracking range can be
increased by increasing the Receiver Channel Filter Bandwidth, at the expense of slightly
reducing the Sensitivity.
5.15.6.
R E G I S T E R : FSKDM AX1, FSKD MAX0
Name
Bits
R/
W
Reset
FSKDEVMAX
15:0 RW 0x0080
In manual mode, it should be set to 3⋅512⋅
5.15.7.
Description
Current FSK Demodulator Max Deviation
f DEVIATION
.
BAUDRATE
R E G I S T E R : FSKDMI N1, FSKDMI N0
Name
Bits
R/
W
Reset
FSKDEVMIN
15:0 RW 0xFF80
Description
Current FSK Demodulator Min Deviation
In manual mode, it should be set to −3⋅512⋅
5.15.8.
f DEVIATION
.
BAUDRATE
R E G I S T E R : AFSKSPACE1, AFSKSPACE0
Name
Bits
R/
W
Reset
AFSKSPACE
15:0 RW 0x0040
Description
AFSK Space (0-Bit encoding) Frequency
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AND9347/D
Register Details
For receive, the register should be computed as follows:
⌊
AFSKSPACE=
16
f AFSKSPACE⋅DECIMATION⋅f XTALDIV⋅2 1
+
f XTAL
2
⌋
For transmit, the register has a slightly different definition:
⌊
AFSKSPACE=
5.15.9.
18
f AFSKSPACE⋅2 1
+
f XTAL
2
⌋
R E G I S T E R : AFSKM ARK1, AFSKM ARK0
Name
Bits
R/
W
Reset
AFSKMARK
15:0 RW 0x0075
Description
AFSK Mark (1-Bit encoding) Frequency
For receive, the register should be computed as follows:
⌊
AFSKMARK =
16
f AFSKMARK⋅DECIMATION⋅f XTALDIV⋅2
1
+
f XTAL
2
⌋
For transmit, the register has a slightly different definition:
⌊
AFSKMARK =
18
f AFSKMARK⋅2
1
+
f XTAL
2
⌋
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Register Details
5.15.10.
R E G I S T E R : AFSKCT RL
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
AFSKSHIFT
4:0 RW 00100
Description
AFSK Detector Bandwidth; AFSKSHIFT =
f XTAL
2⋅ log 2 5
2 ⋅BITRATE⋅f XTALDIV⋅DECIMATION
⌈ (
)⌉
3dB corner frequency of the AFSK detector filter
is:
2
f XTAL
k +2⋅k−2
f c= 5
⋅arccos
2⋅(k−1)
2 ⋅π⋅f XTALDIV⋅DECIMATION
(
with k=2−⌊
5.15.11.
AFSKSHIFT
⌋
2
R E G I S T E R : AMPLFILTER
Name
Bits R/
W
AMPLFILTER
3:0 RW 0000
Reset
Description
3dB corner frequency of the Amplitude
(Magnitude) Lowpass Filter;
2
f XTAL
k +2⋅k−2
f c= 5
⋅arccos
2⋅(k−1)
2 ⋅π⋅f XTALDIV⋅DECIMATION
−AMPLFILTER
with k=2
0000: Filter bypassed
(
5.15.12.
)
R E G I S T E R : FREQUENCYLEAK
Name
Bits R/
W
FREQUENCYLEAK
3:0 RW 0000
5.15.13.
)
Reset
Description
Leakiness of the Baseband Frequency Recovery
Loop (0000 = off)
R E G I S T E R : RXPARAM SET S
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
RXPS0
1:0 RW 00
RX Parameter Set Number to be used for initial
settling
RXPS1
3:2 RW 00
RX Parameter Set Number to be used after
Pattern 1 matched and before Pattern 0 match
RXPS2
5:4 RW 00
RX Parameter Set Number to be used after
Pattern 0 matched
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Register Details
RXPS3
5.15.14.
7:6 RW 00
RX Parameter Set Number to be used after a
packet start has been detected
R E G I S T E R : RXPARAMCU RSET
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
RXSI
1:0 R
‒‒
RX Parameter Set Index (determines which
RXPS is used)
RXSN
3:2 R
‒‒
RX Parameter Set Number (=RXPS[RXSI(1:0)])
RXSI
4
‒
RX Parameter Set Index (special function bit)
5.15.15.
R
RXSI Bits
Meaning
0XX
Normal Function (indirection via
RXPS)
1X0
Coarse AGC
1X1
Baseband Offset Acquisition
R E G I S T E R : AGCGAI N0, AGCGAIN1, AGCGAI N2, AGCGAIN3
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
AGCATTACK0
3:0 RW 0100
AGCATTACK1
0100
AGCATTACK2
1111
AGCATTACK3
1111
AGCDECAY0
7:4 RW 1011
AGCDECAY1
1011
AGCDECAY2
1111
AGCDECAY3
1111
Description
AGC gain reduction speed
AGC gain increase speed
The 3dB corner frequency of the AGC loop is:
f 3 dB =
≈
1 −AGC { ATTACK∣DECAY } x
−2⋅AGC { ATTACK∣DECAY } x
f XTAL
2+2
−2
⋅arccos
1− AGC { ATTACK∣DECAY } x
2 ⋅π⋅f XTALDIV
2+2
(
5
f XTAL
5
2 ⋅π⋅f XTALDIV
−AGC { ATTACK∣DECAY }x
⋅(2
−2
−1−2⋅AGC { ATTACK∣DECAY } x
)
)
The AGC{ATTACK|DECAY}x values can be computed from the 3dB corner frequency f3dB as
follows:
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AND9347/D
85
86
Register Details
c=cos
(
5
2 ⋅π⋅f XTALDIV⋅f 3 dB
f XTAL
)
( √
AGC { ATTACK∣DECAY } x=−log 2 (1−c+√c −4⋅c+3 )≈−log2 1− 1−
2
The recommended AGCATTACK setting is f 3dB ≈
2 6⋅π⋅f XTALDIV⋅f 3 dB
f XTAL
)
BITRATE
for ASK, and f 3dB ≈BITRATE for
10
(G)FSK.
The recommended AGCDECAY setting is f 3dB ≈
BITRATE
BITRATE
for ASK, and f 3dB ≈
for
100
10
(G)FSK.
A value of 0xF in the AGC{ATTACK|DECAY}x disables AGC update. Thus, setting the
AGCGAIN0/AGCGAIN1/AGCGAIN2/AGCGAIN3 register to 0xFF completely freezes the AGC.
5.15.16.
R E G I S T E R : AGCTARGET0, AGCTARGET1, AGCT ARGET2,
AGCTARGET3
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
AGCTARGET0
7:0 RW 01110110 The target ADC output average magnitude is
AGCTARGETx
AGCTARGET2
16
. Note that the ADC can produce
01110110 2
magnitudes from 0…29-1.
01110110
AGCTARGET3
01110110
AGCTARGET1
5.15.17.
R E G I S T E R : AGCAHY ST0, AGCAHY ST1, AGCAHY ST2, AGCAHY ST3
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
AGCAHYST0
2:0 RW 000
AGCAHYST1
000
AGCAHYST2
000
AGCAHYST3
000
Description
This field specifies Digital Threshold Range. It is
(AGCAHYSTx+1)⋅3dB; If set to zero, the analog
AGC always follows immediately. Increasing this
value gives the AGC controller more leeway
delay analog AGC following.
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AND9347/D
Register Details
5.15.18.
R E G I S T E R : AGCMINMAX0, AGCMI NM AX1, AGCMI NM AX2,
AGCMI NM AX3
Name
Bits R/
W
AGCMAXDA0
6:4 RW 000
AGCMAXDA1
000
AGCMAXDA2
000
AGCMAXDA3
000
AGCMINDA0
2:0 RW 000
AGCMINDA1
000
AGCMINDA2
000
AGCMINDA3
000
5.15.19.
Reset
Description
When the digital AGC attenuation exceeds its
maximum value, it is reset to the value given in
AGCMAXDAx, and the analog AGC gain is
recomputed accordingly. This value is given in
3dB steps. Setting it to AGCAHYSTx causes
“drag” AGC behaviour with minimum analog
AGC steps (probably desirable); decreasing it
causes less frequent but larger analog AGC steps
When the digital AGC attenuation exceeds its
minimum value, it is reset to the value given in
AGCMINDAx, and the analog AGC gain is
recomputed accordingly. This value is given in
3dB steps. Setting it to 000 causes “drag” AGC
behaviour with minimum analog AGC steps
(probably desirable); increasing it causes less
frequent but larger analog AGC steps
R E G I S T E R : TIMEGAIN0, TIMEGAI N1, TIMEGAIN2, TIMEGAI N3
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
TIMEGAIN0E
3:0 RW 1000
TIMEGAIN1E
0110
TIMEGAIN2E
0101
TIMEGAIN3E
0101
TIMEGAIN0M
7:4 RW 1111
TIMEGAIN1M
1111
TIMEGAIN2M
1111
TIMEGAIN3M
1111
TIMEGAINxM ,TIMEGAINxE= arg min
TIMEGAINxM , E
Description
Gain of the timing recovery loop; this is the
exponent
Gain of the timing recovery loop; this is the
mantissa
RXDATARATE
−TIMEGAINxM⋅2
∣TMGCORRFRACx
∣
TIMEGAINxE
TMGCORRFRAC should be chosen at least 4. Larger values result in less sampling time
jitter, but slower timing lock-in.
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AND9347/D
87
88
Register Details
5.15.20.
R E G I S T E R : DRGAI N0, DRGAI N1, DRGAI N2, DRGAI N3
Name
Bits R/
W
DRGAIN0E
3:0 RW 0010
DRGAIN1E
0001
DRGAIN2E
0000
DRGAIN3E
0000
DRGAIN0M
7:4 RW 1111
DRGAIN1M
1111
DRGAIN2M
1111
DRGAIN3M
1111
DRGAINxM , DRGAINxE= arg min
DRGAINxM , E
Reset
Description
Gain of the datarate recovery loop; this is the
exponent
Gain of the datarate recovery loop; this is the
mantissa
RXDATARATE
−DRGAINxM⋅2
∣DRGCORRFRACx
∣
DRGAINxE
DRGCORRFRAC should be chosen at least 64. Larger values result in less estimated
datarate jitter, but slower datarate acquisition.
5.15.21.
R E G I S T E R : PHASEGAIN0, PHASEGAIN1, PHASEGAI N2,
PHASEGAI N3
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
PHASEGAIN0
3:0 RW 0011
PHASEGAIN1
0011
PHASEGAIN2
0011
PHASEGAIN3
0011
FILTERIDX0
7:6 RW 11
FILTERIDX1
11
FILTERIDX2
11
FILTERIDX3
11
Description
Gain of the phase recovery loop
Decimation Filter Fractional Bandwidth, see the
table below
This register does not normally need to be changed.
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AND9347/D
Register Details
Relative Bandwidth
f XTAL
Hz
2 ⋅f XTALDIV⋅DECIMATION
16
FILTERIDXx
-3dB BW
nominal BW
-10dB BW
-40dB BW
00
0.121399
0.150000
0.174805
0.256653
01
0.149475
0.177845
0.202759
0.284729
10
0.182373
0.210858
0.235718
0.317566
11
0.221497
0.250000
0.274780
0.356812
1. Fractional Filter Bandwidth
The relative bandwidths in the table above need to be multiplied with
f XTAL
16
2 ⋅f XTALDIV⋅DECIMATION
to get the bandwidth in Hz.
5.15.22.
R E G I S T E R : FREQGAINA0, FREQGAINA1, FREQGAINA2,
FREQGAI NA3
Name
Bits R/
W
FREQGAINA0
3:0 RW 1111
FREQGAINA1
1111
FREQGAINA2
1111
FREQGAINA3
1111
FREQAMPLGATE0
4
Reset
RW 0
FREQAMPLGATE1
0
FREQAMPLGATE2
0
FREQAMPLGATE3
0
FREQHALFMOD0
5
RW 0
FREQHALFMOD1
0
FREQHALFMOD2
0
FREQHALFMOD3
0
FREQMODULO0
6
RW 0
FREQMODULO1
0
FREQMODULO2
0
FREQMODULO3
0
Description
Gain of the baseband frequency recovery loop;
the frequency error is measured with the phase
detector
If set to 1, only update the frequency offset
recovery loops if the amplitude of the signal is
larger than half the maximum (or larger than
the average amplitude)
If 1, the Frequency offset wraps around from
0x1fff to -0x2000, and vice versa.
If 1, the Frequency offset wraps around from
0x3fff to -0x4000, and vice versa.
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AND9347/D
89
90
Register Details
FREQLIM0
7
RW 0
FREQLIM1
0
FREQLIM2
0
FREQLIM3
0
If 1, limit Frequency Offset to -0x4000…0x3fff
Set FREQGAINA0 = 15 and FREQGAINB0 = 31 to completely disable the baseband
frequency recovery loop, setting its output to zero.
5.15.23.
R E G I S T E R : FREQGAINB0, FREQGAINB1, FREQGAINB2,
FREQGAI NB3
Name
Bits R/
W
FREQGAINB0
4:0 RW 11111
FREQGAINB1
11111
FREQGAINB2
11111
FREQGAINB3
11111
FREQAVG0
6
Reset
RW 0
FREQAVG1
0
FREQAVG2
0
FREQAVG3
0
FREQFREEZE0
7
RW 0
FREQFREEZE1
0
FREQFREEZE2
0
FREQFREEZE3
0
Description
Gain of the baseband frequency recovery loop;
the frequency error is measured with the
frequency detector
Average the frequency offset of two consecutive
bits; this is useful for 0101 preambles in FSK
mode
Freeze the baseband frequency recovery loop if
set
Set FREQGAINA0 = 15 and FREQGAINB0 = 31 to completely disable the baseband
frequency recovery loop, setting its output to zero.
5.15.24.
R E G I S T E R : FREQGAINC0, FREQGAI NC1, FREQGAI NC2,
FREQGAI NC3
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
FREQGAINC0
4:0 RW 01010
FREQGAINC1
01011
FREQGAINC2
01101
FREQGAINC3
01101
Description
Gain of the RF frequency recovery loop; the
frequency error is measured with the phase
detector
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AND9347/D
Register Details
Set FREQGAINC0 = 31 and FREQGAIND0 = 31 to completely disable the RF frequency
recovery loop, setting its output to zero.
5.15.25.
R E G I S T E R : FREQGAIND0, FREQGAIND1, FREQGAI ND2,
FREQGAI ND3
Name
Bits R/
W
FREQGAIND0
4:0 RW 01010
FREQGAIND1
01011
FREQGAIND2
01101
FREQGAIND3
01101
RFFREQFREEZE0
7
Reset
RW 0
RFFREQFREEZE1
0
RFFREQFREEZE2
0
RFFREQFREEZE3
0
Description
Gain of the RF frequency recovery loop; the
frequency error is measured with the frequency
detector
Freeze the RF frequency recovery loop if set
Set FREQGAINC0 = 31 and FREQGAIND0 = 31 to completely disable the RF frequency
recovery loop, setting its output to zero.
5.15.26.
R E G I S T E R : AMPLGAIN0, AMPLGAI N1, AMPLGAI N2, AMPLGAIN3
Name
Bits R/
W
AMPLGAIN0
3:0 RW 0110
AMPLGAIN1
0110
AMPLGAIN2
0110
AMPLGAIN3
0110
AMPLAGC0
6
Reset
RW 1
AMPLAGC1
1
AMPLAGC2
1
AMPLAGC3
1
AMPLAVG0
7
RW 0
AMPLAVG1
0
AMPLAVG2
0
AMPLAVG3
0
Description
Gain of the amplitude recovery loop
if 1, try to correct the amplitude register when
AGC jumps. This is not perfect, though
if 0, the amplitude is recovered by a peak
detector with decay; if 1, the amplitude is
recovered by averaging
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AND9347/D
91
92
Register Details
This register does not normally need to be changed.
5.15.27.
R E G I S T E R : FREQDEV10, FREQDEV00, FREQDEV11, FREQDEV01,
FREQDEV12, FREQDEV02, FREQDEV13, FREQDEV03
Name
Bits
R/
W
Reset
FREQDEV0
11:0 RW 0x020
FREQDEV1
0x020
FREQDEV2
0x020
FREQDEV3
0x020
Description
Receiver Frequency Deviation;
8
f
⋅2 ⋅k SF 1
; k SF is a
FREQDEVx= DEVIATION
+
BITRATE
2
transmitter shaping and receiver filtering
dependent constant. It is usually around
k SF ≈0.8
⌊
⌋
Enabling this feature (FREQDEVx ≠ 0) can lead the frequency offset estimator to lock at the
wrong offset. It is therefore recommended to enable it only after the frequency offset
estimator is close to the correct offset (i.e. FREQDEV0 = 0).
5.15.28.
R E G I S T E R : FOURFSK0, FOURFSK1, FOURFSK2, FOURFSK3
Name
Bits R/
W
DEVDECAY0
3:0 RW 0110
DEVDECAY1
1000
DEVDECAY2
1010
DEVDECAY3
1010
DEVUPDATE0
4
Reset
RW 1
DEVUPDATE1
1
DEVUPDATE2
1
DEVUPDATE3
1
Description
Deviation Decay
Enable Deviation Update
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AND9347/D
Register Details
Figure 21: 4-FSK Frequency Diagram
In 4-FSK mode, two bits are transmitted together during each symbol, by using four
frequencies instead of two. Figure 21 depicts the frequencies used.
DCLK
PWRUP
M0
DATA
L0
M1
L1
M2
L2
Figure 22: Wiremode Timing Diagram
Wiremode is also available in 4-FSK mode, see Figure 22. The two bits that encode one
symbol are serialized on the DATA pin. The PWRUP pin can be used as a synchronisation pin
to allow symbol (dibit) boundaries to be reconstructed. DCLK is approximately but not
exactly square. Gray encoding is used to reduce the number of bit errors in case of a wrong
decision. The two bits encode the following frequencies:
Mx
Lx
Frequency
0
0
fCARRIER − 3⋅fDEV IATION
0
1
fCARRIER − fDEV IATION
1
1
fCARRIER + fDEV IATION
1
0
fCARRIER + 3⋅fDEV IATION
In framing mode, unless ENC NOSYNC in the ENCODING register is set, the shift register is
synchronized to the dibit boundaries, and the pattern matches only at dibit boundaries. The
shift register shifts right, so the bits end up in the FIFO word as follows:
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AND9347/D
93
94
Register Details
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Ln+3
Mn+3
Ln+2
Mn+2
Ln+1
Mn+1
Ln
Mn
In 4-FSK mode, it is no longer sufficient to compare the actual frequency with the center
frequency and just record the sign. The frequency deviation of the transmitter must be
known in order to choose the correct decision thresholds. This is the purpose of the
FSKDMAX1, FSKDMAX0, FSKDMIN1 and FSKDMIN0 registers. These registers can either be
set manually or recover the frequency deviation automatically. DEVUPDATE selects
automatic mode if set to one, and manual mode if set to zero. Normally, automatic mode
can be selected, but if the frequency deviation of the transmitter is exactly known at the
receiver, manual mode can result in slightly better performance.
In automatic mode, FSKDMAX1, FSKDMAX0, FSKDMIN1 and FSKDMIN0 record the maximal
and the minimal frequency seen at the receiver. “Leakage” or “gravity to zero” is added
such that if these registers are disturbed by noise spikes, the effect decays. The amount of
leakage is controlled by DEVDECAY.
DEVDECAY
# Samples to Decay to 0.5
0000
0
0001
1
0010
2
0011
5
0100
11
0101
22
0110
44
0111
88
1000
177
1001
355
1010
709
1011
1419
1100
2839
1101
5678
1110
11356
1111
22713
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AND9347/D
Register Details
5.15.29.
R E G I S T E R : BBOFFSRE S0, BBOFFSRE S1, BBOFFSRE S2,
BBOFFSRES3
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
RESINTA0
3:0 RW 1000
RESINTA1
3:0 RW 1000
RESINTA2
3:0 RW 1000
RESINTA3
3:0 RW 1000
RESINTB0
7:4 RW 1000
RESINTB1
7:4 RW 1000
RESINTB2
7:4 RW 1000
RESINTB3
7:4 RW 1000
Description
Baseband Gain Block A Offset Compensation
Resistors
Baseband Gain Block B Offset Compensation
Resistors
5.16. T R A N S M I T T E R P A R A M E T E R S
5.16.1.
R E G I S T E R : MODCFGF
This register selects the frequency shaping mode of the transmitter.
Name
Bits R/
W
FREQSHAPE
1:0 RW 00
5.16.2.
Reset
Description
Bits Meaning
00
Unshaped (Rectangular)
01
Invalid
10
Gaussian BT=0.3
11
Gaussian BT=0.5
R E G I S T E R : FSKDEV2, FSKDEV1, FSKDEV0
Name
Bits
R/
W
Reset
Description
FSKDEV
23:0 RW 0x000A3D (G)FSK Frequency Deviation;
f
1
FSKDEV = DEVIATION⋅224 +
f XTAL
2
⌊
⌋
Note that fDEV IATION is actually half the deviation. The mark frequency is fCARRIER + fDEV IATION, the
space frequency is fCARRIER − fDEV IATION.
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AND9347/D
95
96
Register Details
h
f DEVIATION = ⋅BITRATE .
2
In AFSK mode, the register has a slightly different definition:
FSKDEV =
⌊
0.858785⋅f DEVIATION 24 1
⋅2 +
f XTAL
2
⌋
In FM mode, the register has a different definition. It defines the conditioning of the ADC
values prior to applying them to the transmit amplitude or the frequency deviation.
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
FMSHIFT
2:0 RW 101
Description
These Bits scale the ADC value
Bits Meaning
FMINPUT
9:8 RW 10
000 FM:
f DEVIATION =
001 FM:
f DEVIATION=
010 FM:
f DEVIATION=
011 FM:
f DEVIATION=
100 FM:
f DEVIATION=
101 FM:
f DEVIATION=
110 FM:
f DEVIATION=
111 FM:
f DEVIATION=
± ADCFS⋅f XTAL
215
± ADCFS⋅f XTAL
214
± ADCFS⋅f XTAL
213
± ADCFS⋅f XTAL
12
2
± ADCFS⋅f XTAL
211
± ADCFS⋅f XTAL
10
2
± ADCFS⋅f XTAL
29
± ADCFS⋅f XTAL
28
Input Selection
Bits Meaning
00
GPADC13
01
GPADC1
10
GPADC2
11
GPADC3
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AND9347/D
Register Details
FMSEXT
14
RW 0
ADC Sign Extension
FMOFFS
15
RW 0
ADC Offset Subtract
5.16.3.
R E G I S T E R : MODCFGA
This register selects the amplitude shaping mode of the transmitter. Amplitude shaping is
used even for constant modulus modulation such as FSK, to ramp up and down the
transmitter at the beginning and the end of the transmission.
Name
Bits R/
W
TXDIFF
0
RW 1
Enable Differential Transmitter
TXSE
1
RW 0
Enable Single Ended Transmitter
AMPLSHAPE
2
RW 1
SLOWRAMP
Reset
Description
Bits Meaning
5:4 RW 00
0
Unshaped
1
Raised Cosine
Bits Meaning
00
Normal Startup (1 Bit Time)
01
2 Bit Time Startup
10
4 Bit Time Startup
11
8 Bit Time Startup
PTTLCK GATE
6
RW 0
If 1, disable transmitter if PLL looses lock
BROWN GATE
7
RW 0
If 1, disable transmitter if Brown Out is detected
If BROWN GATE is set, the transmitter is disabled whenever one (or more) of the SSVIO,
SSBEVMODEM or SSBEVANA bits of the POWSTICKYSTAT register is zero. In order for this
to work, the user must read the POWSTICKYSTAT after setting the PWRMODE register for
transmission.
5.16.4.
R E G I S T E R : TXRATE2, TXRATE1, TXRATE0
Name
Bits
R/
W
Reset
TXRATE
23:0 RW 0x0028F6
In asynchronous wire mode, BITRATE<
Description
⌊
Transmit Bitrate TXRATE=
BITRATE 24 1
⋅2 +
f XTAL
2
⌋
f XTAL
.
32
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AND9347/D
97
98
Register Details
5.16.5.
R E G I S T E R : TXPW RCOEFFA1, TXPW RCOEFFA0
Name
Bits
R/
W
Reset
TXPWRCOEFFA
15:0 RW 0x0000
Description
Transmit Predistortion
⌊
12
TXPWRCOEFFA= α0⋅2 +
1
2
⌋
See TXPWRCOEFFB0 for an explanation.
5.16.6.
R E G I S T E R : TXPW RCOEFFB1, TXPW RCOEFFB0
Name
Bits
R/
W
Reset
TXPWRCOEFFB
15:0 RW 0x0FFF
Description
Transmit Predistortion
⌊
12
TXPWRCOEFFB= α 1⋅2 +
1
2
⌋
The transmit predistortion circuit applies the following function to the output of the raised
cosine amplitude shaping:
4
3
2
f ( x)=α 4⋅x + α 3⋅x + α 2⋅x + α 1⋅x+ α0
x is the input from the raised cosine shaping circuit (0 ≤ x ≤ 1), and the output f(x) drives
the power amplifier (0 means no output power, 1 means maximum output power).
For conventional (non-predistorted output), α0 = α2 = α3 = α4 = 0 and 0 ≤ α1 ≤ 1 controls
the output power. If hard amplitude shaping is selected, both the raised cosine amplitude
shaper and the predistortion is bypassed, and α1 used.
5.16.7.
R E G I S T E R : TXPW RCOEFFC1, TXPW RCOEFFC0
Name
Bits
R/
W
Reset
TXPWRCOEFFC
15:0 RW 0x0000
Description
Transmit Predistortion
⌊
12
TXPWRCOEFFC= α 2⋅2 +
1
2
⌋
See TXPWRCOEFFB0 for an explanation.
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AND9347/D
Register Details
5.16.8.
R E G I S T E R : TXPW RCOEFFD1, TXPWRCOEFFD0
Name
Bits
R/
W
Reset
TXPWRCOEFFD
15:0 RW 0x0000
Description
Transmit Predistortion
⌊
12
TXPWRCOEFFD= α 3⋅2 +
1
2
⌋
See TXPWRCOEFFB0 for an explanation.
5.16.9.
R E G I S T E R : TXPW RCOEFFE1, TXPW RCOEFFE0
Name
Bits
R/
W
Reset
TXPWRCOEFFE
15:0 RW 0x0000
Description
Transmit Predistortion
⌊
12
TXPWRCOEFFE= α 4⋅2 +
1
2
⌋
See TXPWRCOEFFB0 for an explanation.
5.17. PLL P A R A M E T E R S
5.17.1.
R E G I S T E R : PLLVCOI
Name
Bits R/
W
VCOI
5:0 RW 010010
This field sets the bias current for both VCOs.
The increment is 50μA for VCO1 and 10μA for
VCO2.
VCOIE
7
Enable manual VCOI
5.17.2.
Reset
RW 0
Description
R E G I S T E R : PLLVCOIR
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
VCOIR
5:0 R
‒
This field reflects the actual VCO current
selected. If VCOIE (Register PLLVCOI) is
selected, this field reads the same as VCOI (also
Register PLLVCOI). Otherwise, the value reflects
the automatic setting.
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AND9347/D
99
100
Register Details
5.17.3.
R E G I S T E R : PLLLOCKDET
Name
Bits R/
W
LOCKDETDLY
1:0 RW 11
LOCKDETDLYM
2
LOCKDETDLYR
7:6 R
5.17.4.
Reset
RW 0
‒
Description
Bits Meaning
00
Lock Detector Delay 6ns
01
Lock Detector Delay 9ns
10
Lock Detector Delay 12ns
11
Lock Detector Delay 14ns
0=Automatic Lock Delay (determined by the
currently active frequency register); 1=Manual
Lock Delay (Bits LOCKDETDLY)
Lock Detect Read Back (not valid in power down
mode)
R E G I S T E R : PLLRNGCLK
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
PLLRNGCLK
2:0 RW 011
Description
Bits Meaning
000 PLL Ranging Clock f PLLRNG=
001 PLL Ranging Clock f PLLRNG=
010 PLL Ranging Clock f PLLRNG=
011 PLL Ranging Clock f PLLRNG=
100 PLL Ranging Clock f PLLRNG=
101 PLL Ranging Clock f PLLRNG=
110 PLL Ranging Clock f PLLRNG=
111 PLL Ranging Clock f PLLRNG=
f XTAL
2
8
f XTAL
2
9
f XTAL
2
8
f XTAL
2
11
f XTAL
2
12
f XTAL
2
13
f XTAL
2
14
f XTAL
2
15
fPLLRNG should be less than one tenth of the loop filter bandwidth, to allow enough settling
time.
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AND9347/D
Register Details
5.18. C R Y S T A L O S C I L L A T O R
5.18.1.
R E G I S T E R : XTALC AP
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
XTALCAP
7:0 RW 00000000 Load Capacitance Configuration
Bits (5:0)
Meaning
000000
3pF
000001
8.5pF
000010
9pF
⁝
110111
⁝
111111
⁝
36pF
⁝
40pF
For values XTALCAP(5:0)≠0, CL = 8pF + 0.5pF ⋅ XTALCAP(5:0).
5.19. B A S E B A N D
5.19.1.
R E G I S T E R : BBTUNE
Name
R/
Bits W
BBTUNE
3:0 RW 1001
Baseband Tuning Value
BBTUNERUN
4
Baseband Tuning Start
5.19.2.
Reset
RW 0
Description
R E G I S T E R : BBOFFSCAP
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
CAPINTA
2:0 RW 111
Baseband Gain Block A Offset Compensation
Capacitors
CAPINTB
6:4 RW 111
Baseband Gain Block B Offset Compensation
Capacitors
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AND9347/D
101
102
Register Details
5.20. P A C K E T F O R M A T
5.20.1.
R E G I S T E R : PKTADDRC FG
Name
Bits R/
W
ADDR POS
3:0 RW 0000
Position of the address bytes
FEC SYNC DIS
5
RW 1
When set, disable FEC sync search during packet
reception
CRC SKIP FIRST
6
RW 0
When set, the first byte of the packet is not
included in the CRC calculation
MSB FIRST
7
RW 0
When set, each byte is sent MSB first; when
cleared, each byte is sent LSB first
5.20.2.
Reset
Description
R E G I S T E R : PKTLENC FG
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
LEN POS
3:0 RW 0000
Position of the length byte
LEN BITS
7:4 RW 0000
Number of significant bits in the length byte
The built-in packet length logic can support up to 255 byte packets. It is still possible to
receive larger packets if packet length and, unless using HDLC, CRC is handled in the
microprocessor firmware. In order to enable reception of arbitrary length packets, the
following settings must be made:
•
•
•
Register PKTLENCFG LEN BITS (bits 7:4) = 1111
Register PKTMAXLEN = 0xFF
Register PKTACCEPTFLAGS ACCPT LRGP (bit 5) = 1
5.20.3.
R E G I S T E R : PKTLENOFFSE T
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
LEN OFFSET
7:0 RW 0x00
Description
Packet Length Offset
The receiver adds LEN OFFSET to the length byte. The value of (length byte + LEN OFFSET)
counts every byte in the packet after the synchronization pattern, up to and excluding the
CRC bytes, but including the length byte.
For example with PKTLENCFG = 0x80 and PKTLENOFFSET = 0x00 the receiver will correctly
receive the following packet (b1, b2 and b3 being data bytes)
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Register Details
Mode specific Framing
0x04
B1
B2
B3
CRC
With PKTLENCFG = 0x80 and PKTLENOFFSET = 0x01 the receiver will correctly receive the
following packet
Mode specific Framing
0x03
B1
B2
B3
CRC
With PKTLENCFG = 0x00 and PKTLENOFFSET = 0x03 the receiver will correctly receive the
following packet without length byte
Mode specific Framing
B1
B2
B3
CRC
The length offset is treated as a signed value; LEN OFFSET 0xff means the length offset is
−1.
5.20.4.
R E G I S T E R : PKTM AXLEN
Name
R/
Bits W
MAX LEN
7:0 RW 0x00
5.20.5.
Reset
Description
Packet Maximum Length
R E G I S T E R : PKTADDR3, PKTADD R2, PKT ADDR1, PKTAD DR0
Name
Bits
R/
W
Reset
Description
ADDR
31:0 RW 0x00000000 Packet Address
5.20.6.
R E G I S T E R : PKTADDRMASK3, PKT ADDRMASK2,
PKT ADDRMASK1, PKT ADD RM ASK0
Name
Bits
R/
W
Reset
ADDRMASK
31:0 RW 0x00000000 Packet Address Mask
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Description
AND9347/D
103
104
Register Details
5.21. P A T T E R N M A T C H
5.21.1.
R E G I S T E R : MATCH0PAT3, MATCH0PAT2, MATCH0PAT1,
MATCH0PAT0
Name
Bits
MATCH0PAT
31:0 RW 0x00000000 Pattern for Match Unit 0; LSB is received
first; patterns of length less than 32 must be
MSB aligned
5.21.2.
R/
W
Reset
Description
R E G I S T E R : MATCH0LEN
Name
Bits R/
W
MATCH0LEN
4:0 RW 00000
Pattern Length for Match Unit 0; The length in
bits of the pattern is MATCH0LEN + 1
MATCH0RAW
7
Select whether Match Unit 0 operates on
decoded (after Manchester, Descrambler etc.) (if
0), or on raw received bits (if 1)
5.21.3.
Reset
RW 0
R E G I S T E R : MATCH0MI N
Name
Bits R/
W
MATCH0MIN
4:0 RW 00000
5.21.4.
Description
Reset
Description
A match is signalled if the received bitstream
matches the pattern in less than MATCH0MIN
positions. This can be used to detect inverted
sequences.
R E G I S T E R : MATCH0M AX
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
MATCH0MAX
4:0 RW 11111
Description
A match is signalled if the received bitstream
matches the pattern in more than MATCH0MAX
positions.
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AND9347/D
Register Details
5.21.5.
R E G I S T E R : MATCH1PAT1, MATCH1PAT0
Name
Bits
MATCH1PAT
15:0 RW 0x0000
5.21.6.
R/
W
Reset
Description
Pattern for Match Unit 1; LSB is received first;
patterns of length less than 16 must be MSB
aligned
R E G I S T E R : MATCH1LEN
Name
Bits R/
W
MATCH1LEN
3:0 RW 0000
Pattern Length for Match Unit 1; The length in
bits of the pattern is MATCH1LEN + 1
MATCH1RAW
7
Select whether Match Unit 1 operates on
decoded (after Manchester, Descrambler etc.) (if
0), or on raw received bits (if 1)
5.21.7.
Reset
RW 0
R E G I S T E R : MATCH1MI N
Name
Bits R/
W
MATCH1MIN
3:0 RW 0000
5.21.8.
Description
Reset
Description
A match is signalled if the received bitstream
matches the pattern in less than MATCH1MIN
positions. This can be used to detect inverted
sequences.
R E G I S T E R : MATCH1M AX
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
MATCH1MAX
3:0 RW 1111
Description
A match is signalled if the received bitstream
matches the pattern in more than MATCH1MAX
positions.
5.22. P A C K E T C O N T R O L L E R
5.22.1.
R E G I S T E R : TMGT XBOOST
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
TMGTXBOOSTM
4:0 RW 10010
Description
Transmit PLL Boost Time Mantissa
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AND9347/D
105
106
Register Details
TMGTXBOOSTE
7:5 RW 001
Transmit PLL Boost Time Exponent
The Transmit PLL Boost Time is TMGTXBOOSTM ⋅ 2TMGTXBOOSTEμs.
5.22.2.
R E G I S T E R : TMGT XSET TLE
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
TMGTXSETTLEM
4:0 RW 01010
Transmit PLL (post Boost) Settling Time
Mantissa
TMGTXSETTLEE
7:5 RW 000
Transmit PLL (post Boost) Settling Time
Exponent
The Transmit PLL (post Boost) Settling Time is TMGTXSETTLEM ⋅ 2TMGTXSETTLEEμs.
5.22.3.
R E G I S T E R : TMGRXBOOST
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
TMGRXBOOSTM
4:0 RW 10010
Receive PLL Boost Time Mantissa
TMGRXBOOSTE
7:5 RW 001
Receive PLL Boost Time Exponent
The Receive PLL Boost Time is TMGRXBOOSTM ⋅ 2TMGRXBOOSTEμs.
5.22.4.
R E G I S T E R : TMGRXSETTLE
Name
R/
Bits W
TMGRXSETTLEM
4:0 RW 10100
Receive PLL (post Boost) Settling Time Mantissa
TMGRXSETTLEE
7:5 RW 000
Receive PLL (post Boost) Settling Time Exponent
Reset
Description
The Receive PLL (post Boost) Settling Time is TMGRXSETTLEM ⋅ 2TMGRXSETTLEEμs.
5.22.5.
R E G I S T E R : TMGRXOFFSACQ
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
TMGRXOFFSACQM
4:0 RW 10011
Baseband DC Offset Acquisiton Time Mantissa
TMGRXOFFSACQE
7:5 RW 011
Baseband DC Offset Acquisiton Time Exponent
The Baseband DC Offset Acquisition Time is TMGRXOFFSACQM ⋅ 2TMGRXOFFSACQEμs.
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AND9347/D
Register Details
5.22.6.
Name
R E G I S T E R : TMGRXCOARSE AGC
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
TMGRXCOARSEAGC 4:0 RW 11001
M
Receive Coarse AGC Time Mantissa
TMGRXCOARSEAGC 7:5 RW 001
E
Receive Coarse AGC Time Exponent
The Receive Coarse AGC Time is TMGRXCOARSEAGCM ⋅ 2TMGRXCOARSEAGCEμs.
5.22.7.
R E G I S T E R : TMGRXAGC
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
TMGRXAGCM
4:0 RW 00000
Receiver AGC Settling Time Mantissa
TMGRXAGCE
7:5 RW 000
Receiver AGC Settling Time Exponent
The Receiver AGC Settling Time is TMGRXAGCM ⋅ 2TMGRXAGCE. Whether this time is measured
in Bits or μs is determined by bit RXAGC CLK in register PKTMISCFLAGS.
5.22.8.
R E G I S T E R : TMGRXRSSI
Name
R/
Bits W
TMGRXRSSIM
4:0 RW 00000
Receiver RSSI Settling Time Mantissa
TMGRXRSSIE
7:5 RW 000
Receiver RSSI Settling Time Exponent
Reset
Description
The Receiver RSSI Settling Time is TMGRXRSSIM ⋅ 2TMGRXRSSIE. Whether this time is measured
in Bits or μs is determined by bit RXRSSI CLK in register PKTMISCFLAGS.
5.22.9.
Name
R E G I S T E R : TMGRXPREAMBLE1
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
TMGRXPREAMBLE1M 4:0 RW 00000
Receiver Preamble 1 Timeout Mantissa
TMGRXPREAMBLE1E 7:5 RW 000
Receiver Preamble 1 Timeout Exponent
The Receiver Preamble 1 Timeout is TMGRXPREAMBLE1M ⋅ 2TMGRXPREAMBLE1E Bits.
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AND9347/D
107
108
Register Details
5.22.10.
R E G I S T E R : TMGRXPREAMBLE2
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
TMGRXPREAMBLE2M 4:0 RW 00000
Receiver Preamble 2 Timeout Mantissa
TMGRXPREAMBLE2E 7:5 RW 000
Receiver Preamble 2 Timeout Exponent
The Receiver Preamble 2 Timeout is TMGRXPREAMBLE2M ⋅ 2TMGRXPREAMBLE2E Bits.
5.22.11.
R E G I S T E R : TMGRXPREAMBLE3
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
TMGRXPREAMBLE3M 4:0 RW 00000
Receiver Preamble 3 Timeout Mantissa
TMGRXPREAMBLE3E 7:5 RW 000
Receiver Preamble 3 Timeout Exponent
The Receiver Preamble 3 Timeout is TMGRXPREAMBLE3M ⋅ 2TMGRXPREAMBLE3E Bits.
5.22.12.
R E G I S T E R : RSSIREFE RENCE
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
RSSIREFERENCE
7:0 RW 0x00
Description
RSSI Offset
This register adds a constant offset to the computed RSSI value. It is used to compensate
for board effects.
5.22.13.
R E G I S T E R : RSSIABSTH R
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
RSSIABSTHR
7:0 RW 0x00
Description
RSSI Absolute Threshold
RSSI levels above this threshold indicate a busy channel.
5.22.14.
R E G I S T E R : BGND RSSIGAIN
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
BGNDRSSIGAIN
3:0 RW 0000
Description
Background RSSI Averaging Time Constant
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AND9347/D
Register Details
The background RSSI estimate BGNDRSSI is updated after antenna RSSI measurement.
Antenna RSSI measurement is performed in state RSSI in the Receiver Timing Diagram
Figure 12. The background RSSI estimate is updated only once if antenna selection is
performed.
The update is performed as follows:
BGNDRSSI :=BGNDRSSI + ( RSSI −BGNDRSSI )⋅2
5.22.15.
−BGNDRSSIGAIN
R E G I S T E R : BGND RSSI THR
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
BGNDRSSITHR
5:0 RW 000000
Description
Background RSSI Relative Threshold
RSSI levels more than BGNDRSSITHR above the background RSSI level indicate a busy
channel.
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AND9347/D
109
110
Register Details
5.22.16.
R E G I S T E R : PKTCHUNKSIZE
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
PKTCHUNKSIZE
3:0 RW 0000
Description
Maximum Packet Chunk Size
Bits
Meaning
0000
invalid
0001
1
0010
2
0011
4
0100
8
0101
16
0110
32
0111
64
1000
96
1001
128
1010
160
1011
192
1100
224
1101
240
1110
invalid
1111
invalid
The PKTCHUNKSIZE limits the maximum chunk size in the FIFO. This number includes the
flags byte and all data bytes, but not the chunk header and the chunk length byte. Packets
larger than PKTCHUNKSIZE - 1 are split into multiple chunks.
5.22.17.
R E G I S T E R : PKTMI SCFLAGS
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
RXRSSI CLK
0
RW 0
Clock source for RSSI settling timeout: 0=1μs,
1=Bit clock
RXAGC CLK
1
RW 0
Clock source for AGC settling timeout: 0=1μs,
1=Bit clock
BGND RSSI
2
RW 0
If 1, enable the calculation of the background
noise/RSSI level
AGC SETTL DET
3
RW 0
If 1, if AGC settling is detected, terminate
settling before timeout
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AND9347/D
Register Details
WOR MULTI PKT
5.22.18.
4
RW 0
If 1, the receiver continues to be on after a
packet is received in wake-on-radio mode;
otherwise, it is shut down
R E G I S T E R : PKTSTOREFLAGS
Name
Bits R/
W
ST TIMER
0
RW 0
Store Timer value when a delimiter is detected
ST FOFFS
1
RW 0
Store Frequency offset at end of packet
ST RFOFFS
2
RW 0
Store RF Frequency offset at end of packet
ST DR
3
RW 0
Store Datarate offset at end of packet
ST RSSI
4
RW 0
Store RSSI at end of packet
ST CRCB
5
RW 0
Store CRC Bytes. Normally, CRC bytes are
discarded after checking. In HDLC [1] mode,
CRC bytes are always stored, regardless of this
bit.
ST ANT RSSI
6
RW 0
Store RSSI and Background Noise Estimate at
antenna selection time
5.22.19.
Reset
Description
R E G I S T E R : PKTACCEPT FLAGS
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
ACCPT RESIDUE
0
RW 0
Accept Packets with a nonintegral number of
Bytes (HDLC [1] only)
ACCPT ABRT
1
RW 0
Accept aborted Packets
ACCPT CRCF
2
RW 0
Accept Packets that fail CRC check
ACCPT ADDRF
3
RW 0
Accept Packets that fail Address check
ACCPT SZF
4
RW 0
Accept Packets that are too long
ACCPT LRGP
5
RW 0
Accept Packets that span multiple FIFO chunks
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AND9347/D
111
112
Register Details
5.23. G E N E R A L P U R P O S E ADC
5.23.1.
R E G I S T E R : GPADCCTRL
Name
Bits R/
W
CH ISOL
0
RW 0
Isolate Channels by sampling common mode
between channels
CONT
1
RW 0
Enable Continuous Sampling (period according
to GPADCPERIOD)
GPADC13
2
RW 0
Enable Sampling GPADC1-GPADC3
BUSY
7
RS
Conversion ongoing when 1; when writing 1, a
single conversion is started
5.23.2.
Reset
0
R E G I S T E R : GPADCPERIOD
Name
Bits R/
W
GPADCPERIOD
7:0 RW 00111111
5.23.3.
Description
Reset
Description
GPADC Sampling Period f SR =
f XTAL
32⋅GPADCPERIOD
R E G I S T E R : GPADC13VALUE1, GPADC13VALUE0
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
GPADC13VALUE
9:0 R
‒‒‒
GPADC13 Value
Reading this register clears the GPADC Interrupt.
5.24. L O W P O W E R O S C I L L A T O R C A L I B R A T I O N
5.24.1.
R E G I S T E R : LPOSCCONFIG
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
LPOSC ENA
0
RW 0
Enable the Low Power Oscillator. If 0, it is
disabled.
LPOSC FAST
1
RW 0
Select the Frequency of the Low Power
Oscillator. 0=640Hz, 1=10.24kHz
LPOSC IRQR
2
RW 0
Enable LP Oscillator Interrupt on the Rising Edge
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AND9347/D
Register Details
LPOSC IRQF
3
RW 0
Enable LP Oscillator Interrupt on the Falling
Edge
LPOSC CALIBF
4
RW 0
Enable LP Oscillator Calibration on the Falling
Edge
LPOSC CALIBR
5
RW 0
Enable LP Oscillator Calibration on the Rising
Edge
LPOSC OSC DOUBLE 6
RW 0
Enable LP Oscillator Calibration Reference
Oscillator Doubling
LPOSC OSC INVERT 7
RW 0
Invert LP Oscillator Clock
5.24.2.
R E G I S T E R : LPOSCSTATUS
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
Description
LPOSC EDGE
0
R
‒
Enabled Low Power Oscillator Edge detected
LPOSC IRQ
1
R
‒
Low Power Oscillator Interrupt Active
The EDGE and IRQ flags can be cleared by reading either the LPOSCCONFIG,
LPOSCSTATUS, LPOSCPER1 or LPOSCPER0 register.
5.24.3.
R E G I S T E R : LPOSCKFILT1, LPOSCKFILT0
Name
Bits
R/
W
Reset
LPOSCKFILT
15:0 RW 0x20C4
Description
kFILT (Low Power Oscillator Calibration Filter
Constant)
The maximum value of kFILT, that results in quickest calibration (single cycle), but no jitter
suppression, is:
⌊
k FILT =
21333Hz⋅2
f XTAL
20
⌋
Smaller values of kFILT result in longer calibration, but increased jitter suppression.
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AND9347/D
113
114
Register Details
5.24.4.
R E G I S T E R : LPOSCREF1, LPOSCREF0
Name
Bits
LPOSCREF
15:0 RW 0x61A8
5.24.5.
R/
W
Reset
LP Oscillator Reference Frequency Divider; set
f XTAL
to
640Hz
R E G I S T E R : LPOSCFREQ1, LPOSCFREQ0
Name
Bits R/
W
LPOSCFREQ
9:-2 RW 0x000
5.24.6.
Description
Reset
Description
LP Oscillator Frequency Tune Value; in
1
32
%.
R E G I S T E R : LPOSCPER1, LPOSCPER0
Name
Bits
R/
W
LPOSCPER
15:0 R
Reset
Description
‒
Last measured LP Oscillator Period
5.25. DAC
5.25.1.
R E G I S T E R : DACVALUE1, DACVALUE0
Name
Bits
R/
W
Reset
DACVALUE
11:0 RW 0x000
DAC Value (signed) (if DACINPUT = 0000)
DACSHIFT
3:0
DAC Input Shift (if DACINPUT != 0000)
RW 0x0
Description
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AND9347/D
Register Details
5.25.2.
R E G I S T E R : DACCONFIG
Name
Bits R/
W
Reset
DACINPUT
3:0 RW 0000
Description
DAC Input Multiplexer
Bits
Meaning
0000
DACVALUE
0001
TRKAMPLITUDE
0010
TRKRFFREQUENCY
0011
TRKFREQUENCY
0100
FSKDEMOD
0101
AFSKDEMOD
0110
RXSOFTDATA
0111
RSSI
1000
SAMPLE_ROT_I
1001
SAMPLE_ROT_Q
1100
GPADC13
1101
invalid
1110
invalid
1111
invalid
DACCLKX2
6
RW 0
Enable DAC Clock Doubler if set to 1
DACPWM
7
RW 0
Select PWM mode if 1, otherwise ΣΔ mode
Note that in ΣΔ mode, the output range is limited to the range ¼…¾⋅VDDIO, to ensure
modulator stability. The input value −211 results in ¼⋅VDDIO, the input value 211−1 results
in ¾⋅VDDIO. In PWM mode, the output voltage range is 0…VDDIO.
5.26. P E R F O R M A N C E T U N I N G R E G I S T E R S
Registers with Addresses from 0xF00 to 0xFFF are performance tuning registers. Their
optimum values are computed by AX_RadioLab; this section only gives a rough overview of
how they should be set. Do not read or write addresses not listed in the table below.
Addr
RX/T
X
Description
F00
RX/TX Set to 0x0F
F0C
RX/TX Keep the default 0x00
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AND9347/D
115
116
Register Details
Addr
RX/T
X
Description
F0D
RX/TX Set to 0x03
F10
RX/TX Set to 0x04 if a TCXO is used. If a crystal is used, set to 0x0D if the
reference frequency (crystal or TCXO) is more than 43MHz, or to 0x03
otherwise
F11
RX/TX Set to 0x07 if a crystal is connected to CLK16P/CLK16N, or 0x00 if a TCXO is
used
F1C
RX/TX Set to 0x07
F21
RX
Set to 0x5C
F22
RX
Set to 0x53
F23
RX
Set to 0x76
F26
RX
Set to 0x92
F30
RX
This register should be reset between WOR wake-ups. The reset value is the
value read after successful packet reception or 0x3F if no packet has been
received yet.
F31
RX
This register should be reset between WOR wake-ups. The reset value is the
value read after successful packet reception or 0xF0 if no packet has been
received yet.
F32
RX
This register should be reset between WOR wake-ups. The reset value is the
value read after successful packet reception or 0x3F if no packet has been
received yet.
F33
RX
This register should be reset between WOR wake-ups. The reset value is the
value read after successful packet reception or 0xF0 if no packet has been
received yet.
F34
RX/TX Set to 0x28 if RFDIV in register PLLVCODIV is set, or to 0x08 otherwise
F35
RX/TX Set to 0x10 for reference frequencies (crystal or TCXO) less than 24.8MHz (
fXTALDIV=1), or to 0x11 otherwise ( f XTALDIV=2)
F44
RX/TX Set to 0x24
F72
RX
Set to 0x06 if the framing mode is set to “Raw, Soft Bits” (register
FRAMING), or to 0x00 otherwise
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AND9347/D
References
6. R E F E R E N C E S
[1]
Wikipedia. High-Level Data Link Control. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDLC.
[2]
ON Semiconductor. AX5043 Datasheet. http://www.onsemi.com
[3]
Ross N. Williams. A Painless Guide to CRC Error Detection Algorithms.
http://www.ross.net/crc/download/crc_v3.txt
ON Semiconductor and the ON logo are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC) or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other
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