UM1874 User Manual TwisterSIM Introduction TwisterSIM is a unique Electro-Thermal simulator that helps shorten the design solution cycle by enabling, in a few clicks, complex engineering evaluations with accurate simulations like load-compatibility, wiring harness optimization, fault condition impact analysis, diagnostic behavior analysis and Dynamic Thermal performance. A built-in Interactive Selector provides a short list of suitable devices based on first level system requirements. It assists in detailing the specific system configuration with layout, load and driving profile customization to build an accurate model of the final application. Simulation results, including junction and case thermal profiles, load current and diagnostic behavior are shown on dedicated scopes views or exported in a number of different commonly used formats. TwisterSIM supports a large selection of Low/High-side driver/switches and H-bridges for Motor Control. A trial version, to explore the main functionalities of TwisterSIM, is available for download at www.st.com/twistersim and it also contains, in the main toolbar, the instructions to request an activation code (free of charge but subject to STMicroelectronics approval) for the full version. An on-line forum provides additional support to TwisterSIM users. Access to the forum is available at www.st.com/twistersim-forum. April 2016 DocID027637 Rev 5 1/36 www.st.com 1 Contents UM1874 Contents 1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2 Electro thermal simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 3 2/36 Device selection and parameters setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.1.1 General device parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.1.2 H-Bridge Device parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.1.3 24 V Device parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.1.4 M07 Device parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.1.5 Multichannel Options (2 or 4 channels devices) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Source selection and setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.2.1 DC voltage setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.2.2 Voltage profile setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Line and sense resistances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.3.1 Line-in resistor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.3.2 Line-out resistors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.3.3 Sense resistors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Control source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.4.1 Control source type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.4.2 H-Bridge input setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Load selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.5.1 Resistor as load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.5.2 RC parallel as load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.5.3 RL series as load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.5.4 Current, RL and device power dissipation profile as load . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.5.5 PMDC machine as load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.5.6 Lamp as load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 2.6 Thermal electrical simulation setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.7 Graphical simulation results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 VIPower interactive selector overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 3.1 Select application nominal and maximum voltage level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 3.2 Select device topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 3.3 Select number of channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 DocID027637 Rev 5 UM1874 4 Contents 3.4 Select load type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3.5 Source type setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3.6 Set ambient & initial device temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3.7 Select PCB type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3.8 Suggested devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 DocID027637 Rev 5 3/36 3 List of tables UM1874 List of tables Table 1. 4/36 Document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 DocID027637 Rev 5 UM1874 List of figures List of figures Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. Figure 10. Figure 11. Figure 12. Figure 13. Figure 14. Figure 15. Figure 16. Figure 17. Figure 18. Figure 19. Figure 20. Figure 21. Figure 22. Figure 23. Figure 24. Figure 25. Figure 26. Figure 27. Figure 28. Figure 29. Figure 30. Figure 31. Figure 32. Figure 33. Figure 34. Figure 35. Figure 36. Figure 37. Figure 38. Figure 39. TwisterSIM main view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Device selection and parameters setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 DC voltage setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Voltage profile setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Line-in resistor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Line-out resistors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Sense resistors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Control source type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 PWM profile selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 H-Bridge input setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Load selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Resistor as load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 RC parallel as load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 RL series as load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Current profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 RL load profile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Device power dissipation profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 PMDC machine as load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Lamp as load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Lamp harness resistors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Thermal electrical simulation setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Simulation options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Simulation progress bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Graphical simulation results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Create a new function to plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 VIPower interactive selector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Select application nominal and maximum voltage level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Select device topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Select number of channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Select load type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Resistor as load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Inductor as load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Lamp (by current) as load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Lamp (by Power) as load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 PMDC motor as load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Source type setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Set ambient & initial device temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Select PCB type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Suggested devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 DocID027637 Rev 5 5/36 5 Overview 1 UM1874 Overview Main start window (Figure 1) functionalities: 1. System Layout: it shows a typical control schematic, including a specific device (selectable from a list), supply voltage, line harnesses, common loads and a configurable control input to fit the simulation conditions to a specific architecture 2. Project Specifications: on the left side, the main project information is summarized 3. Simulation pane: on bottom-right part, it allows to customize simulation parameters and open a plot window 4. VIPower Interactive Selector: built-in "Get Started" utility to facilitate device identification based on first level system requirements 5. Quick View: on the bottom side the main electrical data and package info of the device are outlined. The link View Datasheet allows downloading the datasheet. Figure 1. TwisterSIM main view On menu items or toolbar: 6/36 • Click "File" and select "Load System Layout & Data" or click button, to load a complete system layout and simulation data, previously saved • Click "File" and select "Save System Layout & Data" or click complete system layout and simulation data • Click "Tools" and select "VIPower Interactive Selector" or click "Get Started" button, to start VIPower Interactive Selector tool • Click “Help” to view this guide, to read the disclaimer or go to the forum page. DocID027637 Rev 5 button, to save a UM1874 Overview On system layout: • Click on the components icons to configure and change their values. On simulation pane: • Configure simulation parameters (Section 2.6: Thermal electrical simulation setup) then click "Simulate" button to start simulation. A progress bar indicates the state of the simulation. A plotting window automatically opens when the simulation ends. DocID027637 Rev 5 7/36 7 Electro thermal simulator UM1874 2 Electro thermal simulator 2.1 Device selection and parameters setting Click on the Device Icon in the main window, a new frame opens (Figure 2) where a specific device can be selected and the related parameters set. Figure 2. Device selection and parameters setting 2.1.1 General device parameters Typical values are preselected for each device. All parameters with a white background may be changed. Change them manually by inserting a specific value or clicking up/down in the numeric boxes. 8/36 DocID027637 Rev 5 UM1874 Electro thermal simulator The range of values allowed depends on the specific device selected: • Ambient and Junction temperature at the beginning of the simulation. Accepted values are between -40°C and 150°C for all devices • ILimH min (A): DC short circuit current (minimum value in test conditions for Tj < Ttsd). • ILimL min (A): short circuit current during thermal cycling (minimum value in test conditions for Tj > Ttsd). • RdsOn (mΩ): output drain-source on state resistance at 25°C. • Ttsd (°C): Thermal Shutdown Temperature. Accepted values are between 150°C and 200°C for all devices. • Cx (°C/W) and Rx (W · S/°C): Thermal Fitting model parameters (see component datasheet for further information). In PCB pop-up Menu choose from a list of preset Heat Sink (with preset values of Cx and Rx, accordingly to the relevant datasheet) or set "Custom PCB" to manually insert Cx and Rx values. Values outside the boundaries are automatically restored to the max/min allowed value. 2.1.2 H-Bridge Device parameters • ILimH min (A): High-Side Current Limitation (minimum value in test conditions). • ISD_LS (A): Low-Side Shutdown Current. • Ron HS/LS (mΩ): high/low side drain-source on state resistances at 25°C. H-Bridge Device selection is not available if Power Profile is selected. H-Bridge Device selection disables Power Profile, Lamp Selection and Reverse Diode selection in parallel with RL load. 2.1.3 24 V Device parameters • 2.1.4 2.1.5 V(FR_Stby) = 5: Check to connect Fault reset standby pin at 5 V. M07 Device parameters • V(FAULTRST) = 5: Check to connect Fault reset pin at 5 V • V(sel0) = 5: Check to connect sel0 pin at 5 V • V(sel1) = 5: Check to connect sel1 pin at 5 V. Multichannel Options (2 or 4 channels devices) • Check "connect In channels in parallel" to connect the Inputs of the channels in parallel. Relevant changes are reflected in the "source section" • Check "connect Out channels in parallel" to connect the Outputs of the channels in parallel. Relevant changes are reflected in the "load section" • Click OK to accept changes • Click Cancel to restore previous device and parameters • Click Help to read the help file on this topic. Selected Device name and PCB thermal parameters are reported in the main window. Refer to the relevant datasheet for Device specific parameter ranges. DocID027637 Rev 5 9/36 11 Electro thermal simulator 2.2 UM1874 Source selection and setting Click on the Battery symbol (Vbatt) in the main window, a new frame opens (Figure 3) where the battery voltage can be modified. Select "DC" or "Profile" to set the Source voltage. 2.2.1 DC voltage setting Figure 3. DC voltage setting Change the value manually by inserting it in the numeric box. Values outside the boundaries are automatically restored to the max/min allowed value. 2.2.2 Voltage profile setting Click Profile, a new frame opens (Figure 4) allowing to insert a custom profile by specifying time-values pairs in the corresponding fields or load values from a .txt/.csv file ( time values in the 1st column and Voltage values in the 2nd, max 150 rows). 10/36 DocID027637 Rev 5 UM1874 Electro thermal simulator Figure 4. Voltage profile setting Define the output after the final value by: • Cyclic repetition (Voltage values sequence is repeated continuously during the simulation) • Holding final value (Last voltage value is maintained throughout the simulation). Time values must be inserted as a increasing monotonic sequence (i.e., Tn+1>Tn). • Click to clear table • Click to load values from file • Click OK to accept changes • Click Cancel to restore previous values • Click Help to read the help file on this topic DocID027637 Rev 5 11/36 11 Electro thermal simulator 2.3 UM1874 Line and sense resistances Click on the Resistors symbols in the main window to change Line-in, Line-out and Sense resistances for analog devices only. 2.3.1 Line-in resistor Change the value manually by inserting it in the numeric box (Figure 5). Figure 5. Line-in resistor Values outside the boundaries are automatically restored to the maximum allowed value. Accepted values are between 5mΩ and 1Ω. 2.3.2 Line-out resistors Change the values manually by inserting them in the numeric boxes (Figure 6). 12/36 DocID027637 Rev 5 UM1874 Electro thermal simulator Figure 6. Line-out resistors Values outside the boundaries are automatically restored to the max/min allowed value. Accepted values are between 10mΩ and 1kΩ. The number of enabled Line-in resistors is equal to the number of output channels for the selected device. 2.3.3 Sense resistors Only for analog current sense devices, Sense resistors values can be set to simulate current sense diagnostic voltage conversion (Figure 7). Change the values manually by inserting them in the numeric boxes. DocID027637 Rev 5 13/36 29 Electro thermal simulator UM1874 Figure 7. Sense resistors Values outside the boundaries are automatically restored to the max/min allowed value. Accepted values are between 100Ω and 10kΩ. The number of enabled sense resistors is equal to the number of output channels for the selected device. • Click OK to accept changes • Click Cancel to restore previous values • Click Help to read the help file on this topic Resistance values are reported in the main window. 2.4 Control source Click on the Control Voltage symbol (Vin) in the main window, a new frame opens where the control type for each channel can be selected (Figure 8). The number of visible Tabs is equal to the number of output channels of the selected device. 14/36 DocID027637 Rev 5 UM1874 2.4.1 Electro thermal simulator Control source type Figure 8. Control source type • Selecting "DC" Source type a 5V DC source voltage is applied to the "In" pin, starting from "Start Time". • Selecting "PWM" Source type a 5V square wave source voltage is applied to the "In" pin, with a specific "Frequency" and "Duty Cycle", starting from "Start Time". • Selecting “PWM” profile Source type a new frame opens (Figure 9) in order to insert a custom profile by specifying time, frequency and duty cycle in the corresponding fields or load values from a .txt/.csv file (time values in the 1st column, frequency in the 2nd and duty cycle values in the 3rd, max 150 rows). Change the values manually by inserting them in the numeric boxes. Values outside the boundaries are automatically restored to the max/min allowed value. DocID027637 Rev 5 15/36 29 Electro thermal simulator UM1874 Figure 9. PWM profile selection Define the output after the final value by: • Cyclic repetition (Frequency and duty cycle values sequence is repeated continuously during the simulation) • Holding final value (Last frequency and duty cycle values are maintained throughout the simulation) Time values must be inserted as a increasing monotonic sequence (i.e., Tn+1>Tn). Click to clear table Click to load values from file PWM and PWM Profile for the selected channel are not available if Current or Power Profile is selected. PWM and PWM Profile disable the Current and Power Profile selection for the selected channel. 2.4.2 H-Bridge input setting Click on the "PWM, Vin A,B” in the main window then select “Input A,B” and a new frame (Figure 10) allows inserting a custom profile by specifying time, Input A and Input B in the corresponding fields or load values from a .txt/.csv file (time values in the 1st column, Input A in the 2nd and Input B values in the 3rd, max 150 rows). Define the output after the final value by selecting: 16/36 • Cyclic repetition (Input A and Input B values sequence is repeated during the simulation) • Holding final value (Last Input A and Input B values are maintained throughout the simulation) DocID027637 Rev 5 UM1874 Electro thermal simulator Figure 10. H-Bridge input setting Time values must be inserted as a increasing monotonic sequence (i.e., Tn+1>Tn). Input A and Input B are logical values: • Set Input A = 1 and Input B = 0 to activate HS1-LS2 diagonal • Set Input A = 0 and Input B = 1 to activate HS2-LS1 diagonal Click to reset table Click to load values from file Changes in Input selection disable Current Profile selection Reset table to enable Current Profile selection with DC source type. 2.5 • Click OK to accept changes • Click Cancel to restore previous values • Click Help to read the help file on this topic Load selection Click on the Load icon in the main window, a new frame opens (Figure 11) where load parameters for each output channel can be selected. Number of visible Tabs is equal to the number of output channels for the selected device. DocID027637 Rev 5 17/36 29 Electro thermal simulator UM1874 Figure 11. Load selection Select one of the following loads: • Resistor (Figure 12) • RC (Figure 13) • RL (Figure 14) • Current, RL or Power Profile (Figure 15) • PMDC Machine (Figure 18) From the counter "Number of Lamps" a maximum of 10 lamps per channel can be selected. If "Select channels Separately" is unchecked, the same load is selected for each channel. The values of each component in the load can be manipulated. Click on the components icons to change the values. If no load is selected, an open circuit symbol appears. 2.5.1 • Click OK to accept changes • Click Cancel to restore previous layout • Click Help to read the help file on this topic Resistor as load Click "Resistor" button to select a Resistive load and then click on the Resistor symbol in the Layout to change its value. 18/36 DocID027637 Rev 5 UM1874 Electro thermal simulator Figure 12. Resistor as load Change the values manually by inserting them in the numeric boxes. Values outside the boundaries are automatically restored to the max/min value allowed. Accepted values are between 10mΩ and 10MΩ for resistance. 2.5.2 • "Turn On" time: connect Resistor during simulation at a specific time • "Turn Off" time: disconnect Resistor during simulation at a specific time • Click OK to accept changes • Click Cancel to restore previous values • Click Help to read the help file on this topic RC parallel as load Click "RC Load" button to select an RC parallel load and then click on the Capacitor symbol in the layout to change its value Figure 13. RC parallel as load DocID027637 Rev 5 19/36 29 Electro thermal simulator UM1874 Change the values manually by inserting them in the numeric boxes. Values outside the boundaries are automatically restored to the max/min allowed value. Accepted values are between 10mΩ and 10MΩ for resistance and between 1nF and 1F for Capacitance. 2.5.3 • Click OK to accept changes • Click Cancel to restore previous values • Click Help to read the help file on this topic RL series as load Click "RL Load" button to select an RL series load and then click on the Inductor symbol in the layout to change its value Figure 14. RL series as load Change the values manually by inserting them in the numeric boxes. Values outside the boundaries are automatically restored to the max/min value allowed. Accepted values are between 10mΩ and 10MΩ for resistance and between 0.5μH and 1H for Inductance. Check "Reverse Diode" to select a reverse diode in parallel with RL load. Accepted values are between 10mV and 1V for "Forward voltage" and between 1mΩ and 1Ω for "Ron". Reverse Diode is not available for H-Bridge Devices. • Click OK to accept changes • Click Cancel to restore previous values • Click Help to read the help file on this topic RL Load disables Lamp selection for selected channel. 2.5.4 Current, RL and device power dissipation profile as load Channel 1: • 20/36 Click "I/RL/W Profile" button to select a Current, RL Load or Power Loss Profile and then click on the corresponding I/RL/W symbol in the layout to change its value. DocID027637 Rev 5 UM1874 Electro thermal simulator Channels 2...4: • Click "I/RL Profile" button to select a Current or RL Load Profile and then click on the corresponding I/RL symbol in the layout to change its value. Select Current (Figure 15), RL Load (Figure 16) or Power Loss Profile (1st channel) (Figure 17) from the pop-up menu. Figure 15. Current profile Figure 16. RL load profile DocID027637 Rev 5 21/36 29 Electro thermal simulator UM1874 Figure 17. Device power dissipation profile Insert a custom profile by specifying time-value pairs or triples in the corresponding fields or load values from a .txt/.csv file (time values in the 1st column; Current, Resistance or Power values in the 2nd; Inductance values in the 3rd (Only for RL Load profile), max 150 rows). For Resistance Profile insert 0 in the Inductance fields. Define the output after the final value by: • Cyclic repetition (Current, RL Load or Power values sequence is repeated continuously during the simulation) • Holding final value (Last Current, RL Load or Power value is maintained throughout the simulation). Time values must be inserted as a increasing monotonic sequence (i.e., Tn+1>Tn). Click to clear table. Click to load values from file Establishing a Current Profile, disables PWM selection for the selected channel, Input AB for H-Bridge devices (use negative currents to invert H-Bridge polarity). Establishing a Power Profile (1st channel) disables PWM, channels and H-Bridge selection. • Click OK to accept changes • Click Cancel to restore previous values • Click Help to read the help file on this topic A current (Figure 15), RL Load (Figure 16) or Power (Figure 17) symbol appears in the load layout. I/RL/W Profile disables Lamp selection for selected channel. 2.5.5 PMDC machine as load Click "PMDC Machine" button to select a Permanent Magnet DC Machine and then click on the PMDC symbol in the Layout to change its parameters. Change the values manually by inserting them in the numeric boxes. Values outside the boundaries are automatically restored to the max/min value allowed. 22/36 DocID027637 Rev 5 UM1874 Electro thermal simulator Figure 18. PMDC machine as load PMDC Machine parameters: • Armature Resistance(Ω): The resistance of the winding • Armature Inductance (H): The inductance of the winding • Torque constant (N·m/A): The torque per current constant • Total inertia (kg·m2): The total inertia momentum of the motor and the load • Viscous friction coefficient (N·m·s): The total friction coefficient • Coulomb friction torque (N·m): The total friction torque constant • Initial speed (rad/s): The initial rotation speed Check parallel conductance to insert a capacitance in parallel to PMDC machine. PMDC Specifical signals: • TL (N·m): The electromechanical torque load at the input of the DC machine • Te (N·m): The electromechanical torque developed by the DC machine • ω (rad/s): The rotational speed of the DC machine DocID027637 Rev 5 23/36 29 Electro thermal simulator UM1874 Mechanical input (Torque Load): • Hold Motor: Hold motor position (TL=Te and ω=0) • Open Load: No electromechanical torque load at the input (TL=0) • Torque Profile: Insert a custom profile by specifying time-values pairs in the corresponding fields or load values from a .txt/.csv file (time values in the 1st column and torque values in the 2nd, max 150 rows). Define the output after the final value by: • Cyclic repetition (Torque values sequence is repeated continuously during the simulation) • Holding final value (Last Torque value is maintained throughout the simulation). Time values must be inserted as a increasing monotonic sequence (i.e., Tn+1>Tn). Click to reset table Click to load values from file • Click OK to accept changes • Click Cancel to restore previous values • Click Help to read the help file on this topic PMDC Machine disables Lamp selection for selected channel. 2.5.6 Lamp as load Select up to 10 lamps from the "Number of Lamps" counter and then click on a Lamp icon in the layout to change the values. Figure 19. Lamp as load Lamps can be placed alone or in parallel to a resistor or a capacitor and they can have different values. Select a lamp from the drop down menu, according to its voltage and power requirements. 24/36 DocID027637 Rev 5 UM1874 Electro thermal simulator Lamp parameters: • "12V": select 12V lamps • "24V": select 24V lamps • "Turn On" time: connect lamp during simulation at a specific time • "Turn Off" time: disconnect lamp during simulation at a specific time • "Bulbs Temperature": Initial filament temperature (°C). Accepted values are between 40°C and 1000°C. This value is common to all lamps inserted • Click OK to accept changes • Click Cancel to restore previous values • Click Help to read the help file on this topic Lamp harness resistors Click on the Resistors symbols in the layout to set a wiring harness lamp resistance for each lamp Figure 20. Lamp harness resistors Change the value manually by inserting it in the numeric box. Values outside the boundaries are automatically restored to the max/min allowed value. Accepted values are between 1mΩ and 10Ω. 2.6 • Click OK to accept changes • Click Cancel to restore previous values • Click Help to read the help file on this topic Thermal electrical simulation setup • Choose simulation time and then Click "Simulate" button to Start. DocID027637 Rev 5 25/36 29 Electro thermal simulator UM1874 Figure 21. Thermal electrical simulation setup "Step Size" is automatically selected based on the Device/Load configuration. Changing Step Size affects the simulation speed and accuracy: For best precision set a lower Step Size. For faster simulation set a higher Step Size. A higher Step Size may cause convergence problems. Click options for more simulation parameters. Figure 22. Simulation options • Select data to plot: checked items will be available for graphical simulation results (default all). • Select "Write data every" as a multiple of "Step Size". • Check the box "Stop simulation on thermal shutdown" to interrupt the simulation when Tj is higher than thermal shutdown temperature. "Write data every" is automatically selected based on "Simulation Time" and "Step Size", in order to optimize resolution and memory requirements. Lower values do not affect simulation accuracy but may cause memory problems. A progress bar indicates the state of the simulation. 26/36 DocID027637 Rev 5 UM1874 Electro thermal simulator Figure 23. Simulation progress bar Computation time is principally a function of the kind of load (inductive loads take a longer time), "Simulation Time" and "Step Size" parameters. At the end of simulation a plot window shows simulation results. 2.7 • Click "Stop" button to stop simulation • Click "Plot" button to show or reopen Plot window • Click "Plot" button during simulation to show partial results: A notice in the plot informs about the state of simulation. Graphical simulation results When the simulation is over, a new window is opened to show the simulation results. DocID027637 Rev 5 27/36 29 Electro thermal simulator UM1874 Figure 24. Graphical simulation results 28/36 • Left click on the signals list checkbox to add or remove them in the plot (Figure 24) • Right click on the signals to change color, line style or signal name • Right click on the plot to change titles, un-zoom, un-pan, copy save or print the image • Change the Subplots number to show simulation results in up to 4 subplots. DocID027637 Rev 5 UM1874 Electro thermal simulator • Check "Grid" to show grid lines • Check "Zoom X" to enable Horizontal zoom • Check "Zoom Y" to enable Vertical zoom • Check "Pan" to interactively move the plot view, left clicking on the plot • Check "Log X" to set logarithmic X axes scale • Check "Log Y" to set logarithmic Y axes scale • Check "Ruler" to show a ruler in the plot. • Check "Caliper" to show a caliper in the plot. • Check "SyncX" to synchronize Subplots X axes • Check "SyncY" to synchronize Subplots Y axes • Click text file to save the results to a data file for exporting to spreadsheets or a generic • Click to save a picture of the plot • Click to copy a picture of the plot • Click to print a picture of the plot • Click to show this help • Click to restore the scale ranges to default values • Click to restore the scale ranges to the values before last zoom • Click to add signals combination or function to plot: Figure 25. Create a new function to plot Insert a signal combination or function, clicking or typing in the function field. • Click "←" for backspace • Click "Clear" to clear text. • Click "rms" for rms calculation. • Click "Integral" for integral calculation. • Click on the listbox to select a recent function • Click "OK" to insert function. DocID027637 Rev 5 29/36 29 VIPower interactive selector overview 3 UM1874 VIPower interactive selector overview Figure 26. VIPower interactive selector 3.1 Select application nominal and maximum voltage level Figure 27. Select application nominal and maximum voltage level Nominal voltage could be selected between two possible options: • 12V: for typical Automotive systems or every application based on 12V battery line • 24V: for Truck or every application based on 24V battery line Maximum voltage is used by simulation engine to perform worst-case analysis or to set a customized Supply Range. 3.2 Select device topology Figure 28. Select device topology In High Side configuration the driver is connected between voltage line and load; the load has the other terminal connected to ground. In Low Side configuration the driver is connected between load and ground. 30/36 • For unidirectional motors driving either High Side or Low Side configuration can be used • To drive the motor in both directions, H-Bridge configuration is recommended. DocID027637 Rev 5 UM1874 3.3 VIPower interactive selector overview Select number of channels Figure 29. Select number of channels High Side Switches are available in Single, Dual and Quad channel configurations. Low Side Switches are available in Single and Dual channel configurations. 3.4 Select load type Figure 30. Select load type Figure 31. Resistor as load Figure 32. Inductor as load DocID027637 Rev 5 31/36 34 VIPower interactive selector overview UM1874 Figure 33. Lamp (by current) as load Figure 34. Lamp (by Power) as load Figure 35. PMDC motor as load • Resistor: Select this option and input the load resistance (Figure 31) • Inductor: Select this option and input the coil inductance and resistance as well as the coil current when the driver output is switched off (Figure 32) • Lamp: Select this option and input the bulb power or the lamp in rush current and the steady state bulb current (Figure 33 and Figure 34) • Motor: Select this option and input the motor stall current and the steady state motor current (Figure 35) If “Select channels separately” is unchecked, the same load is selected for each channel. 32/36 DocID027637 Rev 5 UM1874 3.5 VIPower interactive selector overview Source type setting Figure 36. Source type setting Select if the load is driven in DC or in PWM. In case of PWM selection input frequency and duty cycle. • DC: If the application requires activating the load in a continuous mode for indefinite time • PWM: If the application specification requires to drive the load to a specific frequency and duty cycle. If “Select channels separately” is unchecked, the same source is selected for each channel. 3.6 Set ambient & initial device temperature Figure 37. Set ambient & initial device temperature Environment temperature, under worst-case conditions, is mandatory for selecting the devices with the best thermal fitting. For standard Automotive applications 85°C is typically used, while it is usually 105°C for Automotive under-hood. 3.7 Select PCB type Figure 38. Select PCB type Select the PCB type in line with the specific application: DocID027637 Rev 5 33/36 34 VIPower interactive selector overview UM1874 FootPrint · 2 Layers - 2cm2 · 2 Layers - 8cm2 · 4 Layers 3.8 Suggested devices Figure 39. Suggested devices Select one of suggested devices or go back to points 1-7 and change application layout. 34/36 • Click Export Layout for Simulation to verify selected layout in TwisterSIM for available devices • Click Reset to restart VIPower Interactive Selection • Click Help to read the help file on this topic. DocID027637 Rev 5 UM1874 4 Revision history Revision history Table 1. Document revision history Date Revision 13-Mar-2015 1 Initial release. 15-Apr-2015 2 Updated Figure 3 Deleted some contents in Chapter 2 29-Apr-2015 3 Updated cover page. 4 Updated section 2.5.7 and 2.5.8 in Section 2.6: Thermal electrical simulation setup and Section 2.7: Graphical simulation results. Updated Figure 24 and Figure 25. Updated Section 2.7: Graphical simulation results. Updated layout document. 5 Updated Figure 2. Updated Section 2.1: Device selection and parameters setting; Section 2.2: Source selection and setting; Section 2.1.2: H-Bridge Device parameters; Section 2.1.3: 24 V Device parameters; Section 2.1.4: M07 Device parameters. Added Figure 22. Updated Figure 39. 11-Nov-2015 05-Apr-2016 Changes DocID027637 Rev 5 35/36 35 UM1874 IMPORTANT NOTICE – PLEASE READ CAREFULLY STMicroelectronics NV and its subsidiaries (“ST”) reserve the right to make changes, corrections, enhancements, modifications, and improvements to ST products and/or to this document at any time without notice. Purchasers should obtain the latest relevant information on ST products before placing orders. ST products are sold pursuant to ST’s terms and conditions of sale in place at the time of order acknowledgement. Purchasers are solely responsible for the choice, selection, and use of ST products and ST assumes no liability for application assistance or the design of Purchasers’ products. No license, express or implied, to any intellectual property right is granted by ST herein. Resale of ST products with provisions different from the information set forth herein shall void any warranty granted by ST for such product. ST and the ST logo are trademarks of ST. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Information in this document supersedes and replaces information previously supplied in any prior versions of this document. © 2016 STMicroelectronics – All rights reserved 36/36 DocID027637 Rev 5