EV4056-K-00A 198VAC~265VAC/50Hz, 48V/340mA Low Cost, Non-isolated with Active PFC TRIAC Dimmable LED Driver Evaluation Board The Future of Analog IC Technology DESCRIPTION FEATURES The EV4056-K-00A Evaluation Board is designed to demonstrate the capabilities of MP4056. The MP4056 is a non-isolated, TRIAC dimmable LED controller with active PFC and excellent dimming performance. It works in boundary conduction mode for reducing the MOSFET and Diode switching losses. Its adaptive dimmer type detection and phase-cut-based dimming control can achieve good dimmer compatibility and deep dimming range. The EV4056-K-00A is typically designed for driving a 16W TRIAC dimmable LED bulb with 48VTYP, 340mA LED load from 198VAC to 265VAC, 50Hz. The EV4056-K-00A has a cost effective BOM and excellent efficiency. It meets IEC61547 surge immunity, IEC61000-3-2 Class C harmonics and EN55015 conducted EMI requirements. It has multi-protection function as over-voltage protection; winding short circuit protection; output short-circuit protection; ZCD pin short protection; overtemperature protection etc. ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATION Parameter Input Voltage Output Voltage LED Current Output Power Efficiency (full load) Power Factor THD Symbol Value Units VIN VOUT ILED POUT η PF THD 198 to 265 48 340 16.32 >88 >0.86 <37 VAC V mA W % Adaptive Dimmer Type Detection and Phase-Cut-Based Dimming Control Good Dimmer Compatibility Fast Start-Up without Perceptible Delay Accurate Line & Load Regulation High Power Factor High Efficiency Operates in Boundary Conduction Mode Cycle-by-Cycle Current Limit Winding Short-Circuit Protection Output Over-Voltage Protection Output Short-Circuit Protection ZCD Pin Short Protection Over-Temperature Protection APPLICATIONS Solid State Lighting Industrial & Commercial Lighting Residential Lighting All MPS parts are lead-free, halogen free, and adhere to the RoHS directive. For MPS green status, please visit MPS website under Quality Assurance. “MPS” and “The Future of Analog IC Technology” are Registered Trademarks of Monolithic Power Systems, Inc. Warning: Although this board is designed to satisfy safety requirements, the engineering prototype has not been agency approved. Therefore, all testing should be performed using an isolation transformer to provide the AC input to the prototype board. % EV4056-K-00A Rev.1.0 www.MonolithicPower.com 7/21/2015 MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2015 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 1 EV4056-K-00A – HIGH LINE VOLTAGE, 16W APFC DIMMABLE LED DRIVER EV4056-K-00A EVALUATION BOARD (L x W x H) 70.5mm x 26.5mm x 24mm Board Number MPS IC Number EV4056-K-00A MP4056GK EVALUATION BOARD SCHEMATIC R1 5.1K/1206 L1 1 2 LED- 1.8mH/0.35A 48V/340mA 2 4 C6 22nF/50V 3 R6 330/2W 1M/1%/0.25W R5 D1 LED+ 2 Q2 CEF05N65 650V/4.5A GND 1 51 3 1 GND D3 RLZTE-1118D 16.82V/10mA 1 2 L2 1.8mH/0.35A L3 1.8mH/0.35A R10 5.1K/1206 R8 C7 470nF/25V GND C4 1nF/630V 4 1N4148W 2 2 C1 330uF/63V 2 D2 STTH3R06S 600V/3A GND R7 1M/1%/0.25W 22nF/275V C2 330uF/63V R3 30K/1206 3 0.16mm*26Ts 200/2W CX1 1 2 R4 2 2 Q1 SSN1N45BTA 450V/0.2A 1 1 LED+ 1 1 C5 220nF/450V 1 Lm=800uH 0.27mm*2*125Ts C3 100nF/400V 2 2 3 1 1 1 T1 EE20 2 R2 220/2W DB1 DF06S 600V/1.5A R9 5.1K/1206 2 1 D4 1N4148W 75V/0.15A R11 5.6k/1% R12 RV1 1k/1% TVR10431 1 COMP 10 2 MULT 2 R14 3.3K/1% 1 3 N GND 4 2 198-265VAC C10 22uF/50V 1 L 5 ZCD GND VCC NTC DAMP S DIM D 9 D5 1N4148WS 75V/0.15A R13 4.3k/1% 1 1 F1 C8 2.2uF/10V 2 2 C9 4.7nF/50V 250V/2A 8 GND 7 6 GND U1 MP4056GK R16 1.1/1%/1206 R15 1.2/1%/1206 GND Figure 1—Schematic EV4056-K-00A Rev.1.0 www.MonolithicPower.com 7/21/2015 MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2015 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 2 EV4056-K-00A – HIGH LINE VOLTAGE, 16W APFC DIMMABLE LED DRIVER PCB LAYOUT (SINGLE-SIDED) Figure 2—Top Layer Figure 3—Bottom Layer EV4056-K-00A Rev.1.0 www.MonolithicPower.com 7/21/2015 MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2015 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 3 EV4056-K-00A – HIGH LINE VOLTAGE, 16W APFC DIMMABLE LED DRIVER CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION The EV4056-K-00A is configured in a singlestage Buck-boost topology and gets a cost effective BOM. It achieves high power factor and excellent TRIAC dimming performance. F1, RV1, L2, L3, R9, R10, CX1 and DB1 compose the input stage. F1 fuses the AC input to protect for the component failure or some excessive short events. RV1 is used for surge test. The diode rectifier DB1 rectifies the input line voltage. L2, L3, R9, R10, CX1, L1, R1 and C3 form the input EMI filter. Small bulk CBB capacitor C3 is used for a low impedance path for the switching current. Diode D2 is the output rectifying diode. The capacitors C1, C2 are the output filter. The resistor R3 is placed as a dummy load to consume the output power in open load condition. The capacitor C4 is used to help improve the high frequency EMI performance. C5, R2 and R6 are used as a passive bleeder which helps keep the TRIAC current above the minimum holding current after TRIAC turns on. Q1, C6, R5 associate with the control signal DAMP compose the active damping circuit to limit the inrush current caused by C3 at leading edge dimmer turn on. R7, R10, C9 provide sine wave reference for the current control loop. D4 and C10 are used to supply the power for MP4056. A 22μF electrolytic capacitor C10 is selected to maintain the supply voltage. At startup, C10 is charged up through Q1, D4 and the internal charging circuit, when the VCC voltage reaches VCCEN, the internal charging circuit stops charging. Then the power supply is charged by Q1, D4 during the switching off time. R4, C7, D1 and D3 are used for the gate driver of the external MOSFET Q1. R8 is used to adjust the driver capability for better EMI and small power loss. R11, R13 are used to detect the auxiliary winding to get the transformer magnetizing current zero crossing signal for realizing the boundary conduction operation, and also monitor the output OVP condition. The OVP voltage is set by the divider ratio of R11, R13. R12 is used to limit the current flow into ZCD pin. D5 is used to clamp the negative voltage on ZCD Pin when switch on. R15, R16 are sensing resistors for current control. The value of R5 and R16 set the output LED current. EV4056-K-00A Rev.1.0 www.MonolithicPower.com 7/21/2015 MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2015 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 4 EV4056-K-00A – HIGH LINE VOLTAGE, 16W APFC DIMMABLE LED DRIVER EV4056-K-00A BILL OF MATERIALS Qty Ref Value 2 C1,C2 330uF/63V 1 C3 100nF/400V 1 C4 1nF/630V 1 C5 220nF/450V 1 C6 22nF/50V 1 C7 470nF/25V 1 C8 2.2uF/10V 1 C9 4.7nF/50V 1 C10 22uF/50V 1 CX1 22nF/275V 2 D1,D4 1N4148W 1 D2 STTH3R06S 1 D3 RLZTE-1118D 4 D5 1N4148WS 1 DB1 DF06S 1 F1 SS-5-2A 3 L1,L2, L3 1.8mH/0.35A 1 Q1 SSN1N45BTA 1 2 Q2 R1,R9, R10 R2 1 Description Electrolytic Capacitor;63V CBB;400V Ceramic Capacitor;630V;U2J CBB;450V Ceramic Capacitor;50V;X7R Ceramic Capacitor;25V;X7R Ceramic Capacitor;10V;X7R Ceramic Capacitor;50V;X7R Electrolytic Capacitor;50V X Capacitor;275V;10% Diode;75V;0.15A; Diode;600V;3A Zener Diode;16.82V,10mA Diode;75V;0.15A; Package Manufacturer DIP Jianghai CD263-63V330 DIP Panasonic ECQE4104KF 1206 muRata DIP Fala 0603 muRata GRM188R71H223KA01D 0603 TDK GRM188R71E474KA12D 0603 muRata GRM188R71A225KE15D 0603 TDK GRM188R71H472KA01D DIP Jianghai DIP Carli SOD-123 Diodes 1N4148W-7-F SMC MINIMEL F SOD-323 ST STTH3R06S Diode;600V;1.5A SMD Fuse;250V;2A DIP CEF05N65 Inductor;1.8mH; 3.3 Ohm;0.35A N-Channel Mosfet;450V Mosfet;650V;4.5A 5.1kΩ Manufactuer_P/N GRM31A7U2J102JW31D C222S224K31C000 CD281L-50V22 PX223K3IC39L270D9R ROHM RLZTE-1118D Diodes 1N4148WS-7-F Fairchild COOPER BUSSMANN DF06S SS-5-2A DIP Wurth TO-92 Fairchild TO-220F MAXMEGA Film Resistor;1% 1206 Yageo 220Ω/2W Resistor;5%;2W DIP any R3 30kΩ Film Resistor;1% 1206 Yageo 2 R4,R7 1MΩ/0.25W Resistor;1%;1/4W DIP any 1MΩ 2 R5 200Ω/2W Resistor;5%;2W DIP any 200Ω/2W 2 R6 330Ω/2W Resistor;5%;2W DIP any 330Ω/2W 1 R8 51Ω Film Resistor;1%; 0603 Yageo RC0603FR-0751RL 1 R11 5.6kΩ Film Resistor;1% 0603 Yageo RC0603FR-075K6L 1 R12 1kΩ Film Resistor;1%; 0603 Yageo RC0603FR-071KL 1 R13 4.3kΩ Film Resistor;1% 0603 Yageo RC0603FR-074K3L 1 R14 3.3kΩ Film Resistor;1% 0603 Yageo RC0603FR-073K3L 1 R15 1.2Ω Film Resistor;1% 1206 Yageo RC1206FR-071R2L 1 R16 1.1Ω Film Resistor;1% 1206 Yageo RC1206FR-071R1L 3 768772182 SSN1N45BTA CEF05N65 RC1206FR-075K1L 510 Ohm/2W RC1206FR-0730KL EV4056-K-00A Rev.1.0 www.MonolithicPower.com 7/21/2015 MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2015 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 5 EV4056-K-00A – HIGH LINE VOLTAGE, 16W APFC DIMMABLE LED DRIVER EV4056-K-00A BILL OF MATERIALS (continued) Qty Ref Value 1 RV1 TVR10431 1 T1 EF20 1 U1 MP4056 Description MOV L=800uH; Np:Naux=125:26 TRAIC Dimmable, Offline LED Lighting Controller Package Manufacturer Manufactuer_P/N DIP TSK TVR10431KSY DIP Emei FX0408 MSOP10 MPS MP4056GK-LF-Z R3 EV4056-K-00A Rev.1.0 www.MonolithicPower.com 7/21/2015 MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2015 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 6 EV4056-K-00A – HIGH LINE VOLTAGE, 16W APFC DIMMABLE LED DRIVER TRANSFORMER SPECIFICATION Electrical Diagram EF20 1 125Ts 0.27mm*2 N1 2 3 26Ts 0.15mm*1 N2 4 Winding Start Figure 4—Transformer Electrical Diagram Winding Diagram Pin Side 3Ts 2Ts 1T Pin Side N2 N1 Bobbin Figure 5—Winding Diagram EV4056-K-00A Rev.1.0 www.MonolithicPower.com 7/21/2015 MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2015 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 7 EV4056-K-00A – HIGH LINE VOLTAGE, 16W APFC DIMMABLE LED DRIVER Winding Order Winding No. N1 N2 Tape Layer Number 1 2 3 Start & End Magnet WireΦ (mm) Turns 2→1 4→3 0.27mm * 2 0.15mm*1 125 26 Electrical Specifications Electrical Strength 60 second, 50Hz, from Windings to CORE. 1000VAC Inductance Pins 2 - 1, all other windings open, measured at 50kHz, 0.1 VRMS 800uH±5% Materials Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 Description Core: EF20, UI=2500±25%, ACME P4 or equivalent Bobbin: EF20, 4+4PIN, REMOVE PIN6,7 Wire: Φ0.27mm, Φ0.15mm, 2UEW, CLASS F or equivalent Tape: 6.5mm(W)×0.06mm(TH) Varnish: JOHN C. DOLPH CO, BC-346A or equivalent Solder Bar: CHEN NAN: SN99.5/Cu0.5 or equivalent EV4056-K-00A Rev.1.0 www.MonolithicPower.com 7/21/2015 MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2015 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 8 EV4056-K-00A – HIGH LINE VOLTAGE, 16W APFC DIMMABLE LED DRIVER EVB TEST RESULTS Performance Data Efficiency, PF and THD f (Hz) Vin(V) Pin(W) Vo(V) 50 198 210 220 230 240 250 260 265 18.44 18.47 18.48 18.51 18.53 18.57 18.61 18.62 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 Io(mA) 346 347 347 347 348 348 349 349 Po(W) 16.26 16.31 16.31 16.31 16.36 16.36 16.40 16.40 Efficiency(%) 88.19 88.30 88.25 88.11 88.27 88.08 88.14 88.09 PF 0.910 0.905 0.900 0.894 0.887 0.880 0.872 0.868 THD(%) 37.00 36.70 36.40 35.70 35.30 34.80 34.30 34.10 Dimming Compatibility (No flicker with these 26 different Dimmers) Dimmer No. Manufacturer Part No. Power Stage Dimming Type Imax (mA) Imin (mA) 1 MIKA 433/4 60-400W Leading 349.1 67 2 Busch 2250U 600W Leading 349.2 33 3 Berker 283010 60-400W Leading 348.6 43.1 4 JUNG 225 NV DE 20-500W/VA Leading 348.7 26.7 5 Berker 286610 20-500W Leading 349 39.8 6 EMC PROP400U 40-400W Leading 347.7 37.6 7 Busch 2247U 500W/VA Leading 348.4 43.9 8 Busch 2200.. 60-400W Leading 348.1 49.6 9 JUNG 225 NV DE 20-500W/VA Leading 349.4 43.7 10 JUNG 266 GDE 60-600W Leading 348.9 36.2 11 Berker 2875 60-600W Leading 348.9 31.7 12 Berker 2819 60-400W Leading 348.4 75 13 MIKA 433 60-300 Leading 348.1 70 14 GIRA 0300 00/I01 60-400W Leading 347.9 68 15 TELLER 40600RL 40-600W Leading 347.7 37.6 16 LICHTREGLER T46s 20~315W Trailing 355 298 17 Busch 6513 U-102 420W/VA Trailing 356.2 26.4 18 MIKA 433 HAB 20-315W Trailing 356.1 23.7 EV4056-K-00A Rev.1.0 www.MonolithicPower.com 7/21/2015 MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2015 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 9 EV4056-K-00A – HIGH LINE VOLTAGE, 16W APFC DIMMABLE LED DRIVER 19 MIKA EIM-585 20-300W Trailing 267.2 1.3 20 Busch 6519U 550W/VA Trailing 355.6 25.8 21 JUNG 225 TDE 20-525W Trailing 354.7 21.9 22 SIEMENS 5TC8 284 20-600W Trailing 355.1 21.3 23 JUNG 254 UDIE 1 50-420W/VA Trailing 342.3 37 24 Berker 286110 50-420W Trailing 353.9 37.5 25 MIKA 433HAB 20-315W Trailing 333.1 25.5 26 LUMEO ECO T46.03 15-150W Trailing 354.5 31.8 Electric Strength Test Input and output was shorted respectively. 3750VAC/50Hz sine wave applied between input and output for 1min, and operation was verified. Surge Test Line to Line 500V surge testing was completed according to IEC61547. Input voltage was set at 230VAC/50Hz. Output was loaded at full load and operation was verified following each surge event. Surge Level (V) Input Voltage (VAC) Injection Location Injection Phase (°) Test Result (Pass/Fail) 500 -500 230 230 L to N L to N 90 270 Pass Pass EV4056-K-00A Rev.1.0 www.MonolithicPower.com 7/21/2015 MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2015 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 10 EV4056-K-00A – HIGH LINE VOLTAGE, 16W APFC DIMMABLE LED DRIVER Thermal Test (worst case with/without dimmer) Diode D2: 60.8℃ Without dimmer Damping Resistor R5: 84℃ Leading edge dimmer with 50% turn on cycle Transformer: 62.3℃ Without dimmer MOSFET Q2: 74.2℃ Trailing edge dimmer with 90% turn on phase EV4056-K-00A Rev.1.0 www.MonolithicPower.com 7/21/2015 MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2015 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 11 EV4056-K-00A – HIGH LINE VOLTAGE, 16W APFC DIMMABLE LED DRIVER EVB TEST RESULTS Performance waveforms are tested on the evaluation board. VIN=230VAC/50Hz, 15LEDs in series, ILED=340mA, VOUT=48V. Line Regulation Efficiency vs. VIN VIN=(198-265)VAC/50Hz, Full Load PF vs. VIN VIN=(198-265)VAC/50Hz, Full Load VIN=(198-265)VAC/50Hz, Full Load 1 89.0 0.5 0.4 88.0 0.2 87.0 0.1 86.0 0 -0.1 85.0 -0.2 84.0 -0.3 0.95 0.9 PF 0.3 0.8 0.75 83.0 -0.4 -0.5 198 208 218 228 238 248 258 VIN (V) VIN=(198-265)VAC/50Hz, Full Load OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 400 35 30 25 20 15 10 198 208 218 228 238 248 258 VIN (V) Dimming Curve Conducted EMI, L-Line VIN=230VAC/50Hz, Full Load, with Different Dimmers VIN=230VAC/50Hz, RBW=9kHz, MT=20ms 120 110 350 300 Leading Edge Dimmer 200 150 100 50 0 CDN Test VIN=230VAC/50Hz, RBW=9kHz, MT=20ms VIN=230VAC/50Hz, RBW=120kHz, MT=1ms 100 kHz 1 MHz 120 10 MHz EN55015Q SGL 2 AV 90 CLRWR TDS TDS 70 60 50 6DB EN55015A 40 30 20 10 0 9kHz 30 MHz 100 MHz SSGL 1 PK 100 CLRWR 2 AV 90 CLRWR TTDE 80 80 70 70 60 60 6DB EN55015A EN55015A CDN_QP 6DB 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 9kHz SGL 110 1 PK 100 CLRWR 50 10 MHz 2 AV 90 CLRWR 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Conducted EMI, N-Line 120 1 MHz 80 250 0 100 kHz EN55015Q 1 PK 100 CLRWR Trailing Edge Dimmer 40 110 0.7 198 208 218 228 238 248 258 VIN (V) 82.0 198 208 218 228 238 248 258 VIN (V) THD vs. VIN 0.85 30 MHz 30 MHz 300 MHz EV4056-K-00A Rev.1.0 www.MonolithicPower.com 7/21/2015 MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2015 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 12 EV4056-K-00A – HIGH LINE VOLTAGE, 16W APFC DIMMABLE LED DRIVER EVB TEST RESULTS (continued) Performance waveforms are tested on the evaluation board. VIN=230VAC/50Hz, 15LEDs in series, ILED=340mA, VOUT=48V. Steady State Steady State Steady State VIN=230VAC/50Hz, Full Load VIN=230VAC/50Hz, Full Load VIN=230VAC/50Hz, Full Load VMULT 1V/div. VMULT 500mV/div. VMULT 500mV/div. VCC 10V/div. VCOMP 1V/div. VZCD 2V/div. IOUT 200mA/div. VS 500mV/div. VDAMP 10V/div. IIN 100mA/div. VIN Start-Up VIN=230VAC/50Hz, Full Load VMULT 1V/div. VCC 10V/div. VDAMP 10V/div. IOUT 200mA/div. Dimming Performance Max Dmming on Phase with Leading-Edge Dimmer VIN=230VAC/50Hz Min Dmming on Phase with Leading-Edge Dimmer VIN=230VAC/50Hz VMULT 1V/div. VMULT 1V/div. VDAMP 10V/div. VDAMP 10V/div. VCOMP 2V/div. VCOMP 2V/div. IIN 200mA/div. IIN 200mA/div. Dimming Performance Dimming Performance OVP Max Dmming on Phase with Trailing-Edge Dimmer VIN=230VAC/50Hz Min Dmming on Phase with Trailing-Edge Dimmer VIN=230VAC/50Hz LED Load Open VIN=230VAC/50Hz, Full Load VCOMP 1V/div. VMULT 1V/div. VMULT 1V/div. VDAMP 10V/div. VDAMP 10V/div. VCOMP 2V/div. IIN 200mA/div. Dimming Performance VCOMP 2V/div. IIN 200mA/div. VCC 10V/div. VS 500mV/div. VZCD 2V/div. EV4056-K-00A Rev.1.0 www.MonolithicPower.com 7/21/2015 MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2015 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 13 EV4056-K-00A – HIGH LINE VOLTAGE, 16W APFC DIMMABLE LED DRIVER EVB TEST RESULTS (continued) Performance waveforms are tested on the evaluation board. VIN=230VAC/50Hz, 15LEDs in series, ILED=340mA, VOUT=48V. SCP ZCD PIN Short Protection LED+ Short to LED- and then Recovery VIN=230VAC/50Hz, Full Load Short ZCD Pin then Start Up VIN=230VAC/50Hz, Full Load VCOMP 1V/div. VCC 10V/div. VS 500mV/div. VCOMP 1V/div. VCC 10V/div. VS 500mV/div. VZCD 2V/div. VZCD 50mV/div. EV4056-K-00A Rev.1.0 www.MonolithicPower.com 7/21/2015 MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2015 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 14 EV4056-K-00A – HIGH LINE VOLTAGE, 16W APFC DIMMABLE LED DRIVER QUICK START GUIDE 1. Preset AC Power Supply to 198VAC VIN 265VAC. 2. Turn Power Supply off. 3. Connect the LED string between “LED+” (anode of LED string) and “LED-” (cathode of LED string). 4. Connect Power Supply terminals to AC VIN terminals (“L” and “N”) as shown on the board. 5. Turn AC Power Supply on after making connections. NOTICE: The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Users should warrant and guarantee that third party Intellectual Property rights are not infringed upon when integrating MPS products into any application. MPS will not assume any legal responsibility for any said applications. EV4056-K-00A Rev.1.0 www.MonolithicPower.com 7/21/2015 MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited. © 2015 MPS. All Rights Reserved. 15