LAST TIME BUY: AUGUST 31, 2014. CLICK HERE FOR OBSOLESCENCE NOTICE OF FEBRUARY 2014. HPH-12/30-D48 Series www.murata-ps.com Isolated, 12 VOUT, 30A, Half-Brick DC/DC Converters Typical uni unit FEATURES PRODUCT OVERVIEW 12Vout @ 30A (360W) For applications requiring improved electrical and thermal performance, consider Murata’s new HPH series “Half Brick” DC/DC power converters. These compact modules measure 2.4" X 2.3" X 0.4" (61 X 58 X 10.2mm) and offer the industry-standard Half Brick footprint. Industry Standard “Half Brick” package High Efficiency: up to 93% Outstanding thermal performance Optional Baseplate for conduction cooled applications No output reverse conduction Input to Output Isolation, 2250Vdc (Basic) up to 93%, tight line and load regulation, low ripple/ noise, and a fast dynamic load response. A singleboard, highly optimized thermal design contributes to the superior thermal performance. These DC/DC’s provide output trim, sense pins, and primary side on/off control. Standard features also include input under-voltage shutdown, output over-voltage protection, output short-circuit/current limiting protection, and thermal shutdown. The module will provide a 12Vdc output at 30Amps and accept a wide range input voltage of 36-75Vdc. The HPH topology offers high efficiency Input under-voltage lockout On/Off Control (Positive or Negative Logic) Output over-voltage protection Thermal shutdown Output short circuit protection (hiccup technique) +SENSE (6) +Vin (4) +Vout (5) SWITCH CONTROL –Vout (9) –Vin (1) PULSE TRANSFORMER PWM CONTROLLER REMOTE ON /OFF CONTROL* (3) REFERENCE & ERROR AMP –SENSE (8) Vout TRIM (7) Typical topology is shown. Some models may vary slightly. For full details go to www.murata-ps.com/rohs OPTO ISOLATION Input undervoltage, input overvoltage, and output overvoltage comparators * Can be ordered with positive (standard) or negative (optional) polarity. Figure 1. Simplified Schematic www.murata-ps.com/support MDC_HPH-12/30-D48.B01 Page 1 of 13 HPH-12/30-D48 Series Isolated, 12 VOUT, 30A, Half-Brick DC/DC Converters PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS SUMMARY AND ORDERING GUIDE Output Input Root Model VOUT (Volts) ➁ IOUT (Amps, Max.) ➁ (Watts) Typ. Max. Line HPH-12/30-D48 12 30 360 100 200 ±0.05% Power R/N (mV pk-pk) Efficiency Load VIN Nom. (Volts) Range (Volts) IIN, no load (mA) IIN, full load (Amps) Min. Typ. ±0.1% 48 36-75 150 8.1 92% 93% Regulation (Max.) Package (Case/ Pinout) C61 P17 Please refer to the full model number structure for additional ordering part numbers and options. Please refer to maximum input/output voltage graph. All specifications are at nominal line voltage and full load, +25ºC. unless otherwise noted. See detailed specifications. Full power continuous output requires baseplate installation. Please refer to the derating curves. * LAST TIME BUY: AUGUST 31, 2014. CLICK HERE FOR OBSOLESCENCE NOTICE OF FEBRUARY 2014. As of September 2014, ONLY the following part numbers will be available: HPH-12/30-D48N-C; HPH-12/30-D48NB-C PART NUMBER STRUCTURE HPH - 12 / 30 - D48 N B High-Power Half Brick Series Nominal Output Voltage Maximum Output Current in Amps Input Voltage Range: D48 = 36-75 Volts (48V nominal) On/Off Control Polarity N = Negative polarity, standard P = Positive polarity, optional H Lx - C RoHS Hazardous Materials compliance C = RoHS-6 (no lead), standard, does not claim EU exemption 7b – lead in solder Y = RoHS-5 (with lead), optional, special quantity order Pin length option Blank = standard pin length 0.180 in. (4.6 mm) L1 = 0.110 in. (2.79 mm)* L2 = 0.145 in. (3.68 mm)* Conformal coating (optional) Blank = no coating, standard H = Coating added, optional, special quantity order Baseplate (optional) Blank = No baseplate, standard B = Baseplate installed, optional quantity order *Special quantity order is required; samples available with standard pin length only. Note: Some model number combinations may not be available. See website or contact your local Murata sales representative. Note: Because of the high currents, wire the appropriate input, output and common pins in parallel. Be sure to use adequate PC board etch. If not sufficient, install additional discrete wiring. www.murata-ps.com/support MDC_HPH-12/30-D48.B01 Page 2 of 13 HPH-12/30-D48 Series Isolated, 12 VOUT, 30A, Half-Brick DC/DC Converters FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATIONS ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Input Voltage, Continuous Input Voltage, Transient Isolation Voltage Input Reverse Polarity On/Off Remote Control Output Power Conditions ➀ Minimum Maximum Units Full power operation Ambient temperature range Operating or non-operating, tested: 100 mS max. duration Input to output tested 100 mS IEC/EN/UL 60950-1, 2nd Edition None, install external fuse Power on or off, referred to -Vin 0 -40 75 85 Vdc Vdc 0 100 Vdc 2250 Vdc 50 450 Vdc Vdc W Typical/Nominal None 0 0 Current-limited, no damage, 0 30 A short-circuit protected Storage Temperature Range Vin = Zero (no power) -55 125 ˚C Absolute maximums are stress ratings. Exposure of devices to greater than any of these conditions may adversely affect long-term reliability. Proper operation under conditions other than those listed in the Performance/Functional Specifications Table is not implied nor recommended. Output Current INPUT Operating voltage range ➁ Turn On/Start-up threshold Turn Off/Undervoltage lockout Reverse Polarity Protection Recommended External Fuse Internal Filter Type Input current Full Load Conditions Low Line Inrush Transient Output in Short Circuit No Load Standby Mode (Off, UV, OT) Reflected (back) ripple current ➂ Rising input voltage Falling input voltage None, install external fuse Fast blow 36 33 31 Vin = nominal Vin = minimum Iout = minimum, unit=ON Measured at input with specified filter 48 34 32 None 20 Pi 75 35 33 Vdc Vdc Vdc Vdc A 8.06 10.75 0.3 50 150 4 60 8.23 10.98 A A A2-Sec. mA mA mA mA, RMS 100 200 5 100 GENERAL and SAFETY Efficiency Isolation Isolation Voltage: no baseplate Isolation Voltage: with baseplate Insulation Safety Rating Isolation Resistance Isolation Capacitance Safety (Designed to meet the following requirements) Calculated MTBF Vin=48V, full load Vin=36V, full load 92 92 Input to output, continuous Input to output, continuous Input to Baseplate, continuous Output to Baseplate, continuous 2250 TBD 1500 1500 93 93 % % Vdc Vdc basic 100 2,000 UL-60950-1, CSA-C22.2 No.60950-1, IEC/EN60950-1, 2nd Edition Per MIL-HDBK-217F Ground benign, Tambient=+30˚C Per Telcordia SR332, issue 1 class 3, ground fixed, Tambient=+40˚C Mohm pF Yes TBD Hours x 106 1.4 Hours x 106 DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS Fixed Switching Frequency Startup Time Startup Time Dynamic Load Response Dynamic Load Peak Deviation 350 Power On to Vout regulated 10-90% (50% resistive load) Remote ON to 10% Vout (50% resistive load) 50-75-50% load step, settling time to within ±1% of Vout di/dt = 1 A/μSec same as above 400 200 450 KHz 20 mS 20 mS 400 μSec ±400 mV FEATURES and OPTIONS Remote On/Off Control ➃ “N” suffix: Negative Logic, ON state Negative Logic, OFF state Control Current “P” suffix: Positive Logic, ON state Positive Logic, OFF state Control Current Base Plate ON = Pin grounded or external voltage OFF = Pin open or external voltage open collector/drain 0 3.5 ON = Pin open or external voltage OFF = Pin grounded or external voltage open collector/drain “B” suffix 3.5 0 1 0.8 13.5 2 V V mA 1 13.5 1 2 V V mA www.murata-ps.com/support MDC_HPH-12/30-D48.B01 Page 3 of 13 HPH-12/30-D48 Series Isolated, 12 VOUT, 30A, Half-Brick DC/DC Converters FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATIONS (CONT.) OUTPUT Total Output Power Voltage Nominal Output Voltage Setting Accuracy Output Voltage Range Overvoltage Protection Current Output Current Range Minimum Load Current Limit Inception ➄ Short Circuit Short Circuit Current Short Circuit Duration (remove short for recovery) Short circuit protection method Regulation ➅ Line Regulation Load Regulation Ripple and Noise ➆ Temperature Coefficient Maximum Capacitive Loading (10% ceramic, 90% Oscon) See Derating 0.0 No trim At 50% load User-adjustable [6] Via magnetic feedback 11.88 -1 -10 12.00 W 12.12 1 10 Vdc % of Vnom. % of Vnom. Vdc 30 A 44 A 14.5 0 98% of Vnom., after warmup 360 31.5 No minimum load 37 Hiccup technique, autorecovery within ±1% of Vout, non-latching 6.6 Output shorted to ground, no damage Continuous A Current limiting Vin=min. to max. Vout=nom., 50% load Iout=min. to max. Vin=48V. 5 Hz- 20 MHz BW At all outputs Cap. ESR=<0.02Ω, Full resistive load 100 0.02 0 ±0.05 ±0.1 200 % % mV pk-pk % of Vnom./°C 10,000 μF MECHANICAL (Through Hole Models) Outline Dimensions (no baseplate) Cxx case WxLxH (Please refer to outline drawing) 2.3 X 2.4 X 0.4 58.4 X 60.96 X 10.2 2.3 X 2.4 X 0.5 36.8x58.4x12.7 TBD TBD Outline Dimensions (with baseplate) Weight (no baseplate) Inches mm Inches mm Ounces Grams Ounces Grams Inches mm Weight (with baseplate) Through Hole Pin Diameter Through Hole Pin Material TH Pin Plating Metal and Thickness Copper alloy Nickel subplate Gold overplate μ-inches μ-inches Case or Baseplate Material Aluminum ENVIRONMENTAL Operating Ambient Temperature Range With derating, full power, natural convection, no baseplate -40 85 ˚C No derating, with baseplate, full power -40 120 ˚C Vin = Zero (no power) Measured at hotspot -55 125 120 ˚C ˚C B Class Operating Ambient Temperature Range with Baseplate Storage Temperature Thermal Protection/Shutdown Electromagnetic Interference Conducted, EN55022/CISPR22 Radiated, EN55022/CISPR22 Relative humidity, non-condensing Altitude (must derate -1%/1000 feet) External filter required B To +85°C RoHS rating Notes ➀ Unless otherwise noted, all specifications are at nominal input voltage, nominal output voltage and full load. General conditions are +25˚ Celsius ambient temperature, near sea level altitude, natural convection airflow. All models are tested and specified with external parallel 1 µF and 10 µF multi-layer ceramic output capacitors. No external input capacitors are installed. All capacitors are low-ESR types wired close to the converter. These capacitors are necessary for our test equipment and may not be needed in the user’s application. ➁ The module will operate when input voltage is within the 36-75V Operating Voltage Range, Output regulation at full load will be achieved only when Vin >= 39V 10 -500 -152 90 10,000 3048 Class %RH feet meters RoHS-6 or RoHS-5 (specify) ➂ Input (back) ripple current is tested and specified over 5 Hz to 20 MHz bandwidth. Input filtering is Cbus = 0 µF, Cin = 100 µF and Lbus = < 4.7 µH. ➃ The Remote On/Off Control is referred to -Vin. ➄ Over-current protection is non-latching with auto reovery (Hiccup) ➅ Regulation specifications describe the output voltage changes as the line voltage or load current is varied from its nominal or midpoint value to either extreme. ➆ Output Ripple & Noise is measured with 750 µF capacitance, 10% ceramic and 90% OSCON. 20 MHz bandwidth. www.murata-ps.com/support MDC_HPH-12/30-D48.B01 Page 4 of 13 HPH-12/30-D48 Series Isolated, 12 VOUT, 30A, Half-Brick DC/DC Converters TYPICAL PERFORMANCE DATA Stepload Transient Response Transient Response (Load 50% to 75%) Transient Response (Load 50% to 100%) On/Off Enable Start-up Enable Start-up (Vin=48V Iout=30A) Enable Start-up (Vin=48V Iout=0A) Ripple and Noise Waveform (Vin=48V Iout=30A) Ripple and Noise Waveform (Vin=48V Iout=0A) Ripple and Noise www.murata-ps.com/support MDC_HPH-12/30-D48.B01 Page 5 of 13 HPH-12/30-D48 Series Isolated, 12 VOUT, 30A, Half-Brick DC/DC Converters TYPICAL PERFORMANCE DATA Efficiency vs Line Voltage and Load Current @ +25°C Maximum Current Temperature Derating vs. Airflow (Vin=48V., airflow direction is from –Vin to +Vin, no baseplate) 98 96 35 94 30 90 Output Current (Amps) Efficiency (%) 92 VIN = 75 V VIN = 48 V VIN = 36V 88 86 84 25 20 Natural Convection 100 LFM 200 LFM 300 LFM 400 LFM 15 10 82 5 80 0 30 78 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 Load Current (Amps) 24 27 35 35 30 30 25 25 20 Natural Convection 100 LFM 200 LFM 300 LFM 400 LFM 10 40 45 50 55 60 65 Ambient Temperature (°C) 70 75 80 85 80 85 Maximum Current Temperature Derating vs. Airflow (Vin=48V., airflow direction is from Vin to Vout, with baseplate) Output Current (Amps) Output Current (Amps) Maximum Current Temperature Derating vs. Airflow (Vin=48V., airflow direction is from –Vin to +Vin, with baseplate) 15 35 30 20 Natural Convection 100 LFM 200 LFM 300 LFM 400 LFM 15 10 5 5 0 0 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 Ambient Temperature (°C) 70 75 80 85 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 Ambient Temperature (°C) 70 75 www.murata-ps.com/support MDC_HPH-12/30-D48.B01 Page 6 of 13 HPH-12/30-D48 Series Isolated, 12 VOUT, 30A, Half-Brick DC/DC Converters MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS 2.30 (58.4) A User’s thermal surface and hardware Recommended threaded insert torque is 0.35-0.55 N-M or 3-5 in-lbs. 0.40 (10.2) Do not remove M3 x 0.50 threaded inserts from bottom PCB Baseplate 0.50 (12.7) 0.015 min. clearance between standoffs and highest component 0.18 (4.57) Pin Diameters: Pins 1-4, 6-8 Pins 5, 9 1.900 (48.26) A 0.040 ± 0.001 (1.016 ±0.025) 0.080 ± 0.001 (2.032 ±0.025) 0.015 minimum clearance between standoffs and highest component 0.18 (4.6) 0.20 (5.1) 2.30 (58.4) 1.90 (48.3) B 1 9 2 M3 x 0.50 threaded insert and standoff (4 places) 8 Case C61 7 3 6 0.400 (10.16) 4 0.700 (17.78) 1.000 (25.40) 1.400 (35.56) 2.40 (60.96) Screw length must not go through Baseplate 2.00 (50.8) 2.40 (61.0) 5 0.50 (12.70) Bottom View HPH with Optional Baseplate B Dimensions are in inches (mm) shown for ref. only. Third Angle Projection INPUT/OUTPUT CONNECTIONS Pin Function P17 1 Negative Input 2 Not Available 3 On/Off Control 4 Positive Input 5 Positive Output 6 Positive Sense 7 Trim 8 Negative Sense 9 Negative Output Tolerances (unless otherwise specified): .XX ± 0.02 (0.5) .XXX ± 0.010 (0.25) Angles ± 2˚ Components are shown for reference only. Since there is some pin numbering inconsistency between manufacturers of half brick converters, be sure to follow the pin function, not the pin number, when laying out your board. Standard pin length is shown. Please refer to the Part Number Structure for special order pin lengths. The Trim connection may be left open and the converter will achieve its rated output voltage. www.murata-ps.com/support MDC_HPH-12/30-D48.B01 Page 7 of 13 HPH-12/30-D48 Series Isolated, 12 VOUT, 30A, Half-Brick DC/DC Converters TECHNICAL NOTES Input Fusing Certain applications and/or safety agencies may require fuses at the inputs of power conversion components. Fuses should also be used when there is the possibility of sustained input voltage reversal which is not current-limited. For greatest safety, we recommend a fast blow fuse installed in the ungrounded input supply line. The installer must observe all relevant safety standards and regulations. For safety agency approvals, install the converter in compliance with the end-user safety standard, i.e. IEC/EN/UL 60950-1. Input Reverse-Polarity Protection If the input voltage polarity is reversed, an internal diode will become forward biased and likely draw excessive current from the power source. If this source is not current-limited or the circuit appropriately fused, it could cause permanent damage to the converter. Input Under-Voltage Shutdown and Start-Up Threshold Under normal start-up conditions, converters will not begin to regulate properly until the ramping-up input voltage exceeds and remains at the Start-Up Threshold Voltage (see Specifications). Once operating, converters will not turn off until the input voltage drops below the Under-Voltage Shutdown Limit. Subsequent restart will not occur until the input voltage rises again above the Start-Up Threshold. This built-in hysteresis prevents any unstable on/off operation at a single input voltage. Users should be aware however of input sources near the Under-Voltage Shutdown whose voltage decays as input current is consumed (such as capacitor inputs), the converter shuts off and then restarts as the external capacitor recharges. Such situations could oscillate. To prevent this, make sure the operating input voltage is well above the UV Shutdown voltage AT ALL TIMES. impedance, performance is improved by adding external filter components. Sometimes only a small ceramic capacitor is sufficient. Since it is difficult to totally characterize all applications, some experimentation may be needed. Note that external input capacitors must accept high speed switching currents. Because of the switching nature of DC/DC converters, the input of these converters must be driven from a source with both low AC impedance and adequate DC input regulation. Performance will degrade with increasing input inductance. Excessive input inductance may inhibit operation. The DC input regulation specifies that the input voltage, once operating, must never degrade below the Shut-Down Threshold under all load conditions. Be sure to use adequate trace sizes and mount components close to the converter. I/O Filtering, Input Ripple Current and Output Noise All models in this converter series are tested and specified for input reflected ripple current and output noise using designated external input/output components, circuits and layout as shown in the figures below. External input capacitors (Cin in the figure) serve primarily as energy storage elements, minimizing line voltage variations caused by transient IR drops in the input conductors. Users should select input capacitors for bulk capacitance (at appropriate frequencies), low ESR and high RMS ripple current ratings. In the figure below, the Cbus and Lbus components simulate a typical DC voltage bus. Your specific system configuration may require additional considerations. Please note that the values of Cin, Lbus and Cbus will vary according to the specific converter model. TO OSCILLOSCOPE +VIN VIN Start-Up Time Assuming that the output current is set at the rated maximum, the Vin to Vout Start-Up Time (see Specifications) is the time interval between the point when the ramping input voltage crosses the Start-Up Threshold and the fully loaded regulated output voltage enters and remains within its specified accuracy band. Actual measured times will vary with input source impedance, external input capacitance, input voltage slew rate and final value of the input voltage as it appears at the converter. These converters include a soft start circuit to moderate the duty cycle of its PWM controller at power up, thereby limiting the input inrush current. The On/Off Remote Control interval from On command to Vout regulated assumes that the converter already has its input voltage stabilized above the Start-Up Threshold before the On command. The interval is measured from the On command until the output enters and remains within its specified accuracy band. The specification assumes that the output is fully loaded at maximum rated current. Similar conditions apply to the On to Vout regulated specification such as external load capacitance and soft start circuitry. Input Source Impedance These converters will operate to specifications without external components, assuming that the source voltage has very low impedance and reasonable input voltage regulation. Since real-world voltage sources have finite CURRENT PROBE + – + – LBUS CBUS CIN –VIN CIN = 33μF, ESR < 700mΩ @ 100kHz CBUS = 220μF, ESR < 100mΩ @ 100kHz LBUS = 12μH Figure 2. Measuring Input Ripple Current In critical applications, output ripple and noise (also referred to as periodic and random deviations or PARD) may be reduced by adding filter elements such as multiple external capacitors. Be sure to calculate component temperature rise from reflected AC current dissipated inside capacitor ESR. Our Application Engineers can recommend potential solutions. In figure 3, the two copper strips simulate real-world printed circuit impedances between the power supply and its load. In order to minimize circuit errors and standardize tests between units, scope measurements should be made using BNC connectors or the probe ground should not exceed one half inch and soldered directly to the fixture. www.murata-ps.com/support MDC_HPH-12/30-D48.B01 Page 8 of 13 HPH-12/30-D48 Series Isolated, 12 VOUT, 30A, Half-Brick DC/DC Converters +SENSE +OUTPUT 6 COPPER STRIP 5 C1 -OUTPUT -SENSE Note that the temperatures are of the ambient airflow, not the converter itself which is obviously running at higher temperature than the outside air. Also note that very low flow rates (below about 25 LFM) are similar to “natural convection”, that is, not using fan-forced airflow. C2 SCOPE RLOAD 9 8 COPPER STRIP C1 = 0.1μF CERAMIC C2 = 10μF TANTALUM LOAD 2-3 INCHES (51-76mm) FROM MODULE Figure 3. Measuring Output Ripple and Noise (PARD) Floating Outputs Since these are isolated DC/DC converters, their outputs are “floating” with respect to their input. The essential feature of such isolation is ideal ZERO CURRENT FLOW between input and output. Real-world converters however do exhibit tiny leakage currents between input and output (see Specifications). These leakages consist of both an AC stray capacitance coupling component and a DC leakage resistance. When using the isolation feature, do not allow the isolation voltage to exceed specifications. Otherwise the converter may be damaged. Designers will normally use the negative output (-Output) as the ground return of the load circuit. You can however use the positive output (+Output) as the ground return to effectively reverse the output polarity. Minimum Output Loading Requirements These converters employ a synchronous rectifier design topology. All models regulate within specification and are stable under no load to full load conditions. Operation under no load might however slightly increase output ripple and noise. Thermal Shutdown To prevent many over temperature problems and damage, these converters include thermal shutdown circuitry. If environmental conditions cause the temperature of the DC/DC’s to rise above the Operating Temperature Range up to the shutdown temperature, an on-board electronic temperature sensor will power down the unit. When the temperature decreases below the turn-on threshold, the converter will automatically restart. There is a small amount of hysteresis to prevent rapid on/off cycling. The temperature sensor is typically located adjacent to the switching controller, approximately in the center of the unit. See the Performance and Functional Specifications. CAUTION: If you operate too close to the thermal limits, the converter may shut down suddenly without warning. Be sure to thoroughly test your application to avoid unplanned thermal shutdown. Temperature Derating Curves The graphs in this data sheetillustrate typical operation under a variety of conditions. The Derating curves show the maximum continuous ambient air temperature and decreasing maximum output current which is acceptable under increasing forced airflow measured in Linear Feet per Minute (“LFM”). Note that these are AVERAGE measurements. The converter will accept brief increases in temperature and/or current or reduced airflow as long as the average is not exceeded. MPS makes Characterization measurements in a closed cycle wind tunnel with calibrated airflow. We use both thermocouples and an infrared camera system to observe thermal performance. As a practical matter, it is quite difficult to insert an anemometer to precisely measure airflow in most applications. Sometimes it is possible to estimate the effective airflow if you thoroughly understand the enclosure geometry, entry/exit orifice areas and the fan flowrate specifications. If in doubt, contact MPS to discuss placement and measurement techniques of suggested temperature sensors. CAUTION: If you routinely or accidentally exceed these Derating guidelines, the converter may have an unplanned Over Temperature shut down. Also, these graphs are all collected at slightly above Sea Level altitude. Be sure to reduce the derating for higher density altitude. Output Overvoltage Protection This converter monitors its output voltage for an over-voltage condition using an on-board electronic comparator. The signal is optically coupled to the primary side PWM controller. If the output exceeds OVP limits, the sensing circuit will power down the unit, and the output voltage will decrease. After a time-out period, the PWM will automatically attempt to restart, causing the output voltage to ramp up to its rated value. It is not necessary to power down and reset the converter for this automatic OVP-recovery restart. If the fault condition persists and the output voltage climbs to excessive levels, the OVP circuitry will initiate another shutdown cycle. This on/off cycling is referred to as “hiccup” mode. It safely tests full current rated output voltage without damaging the converter. Output Fusing The converter is extensively protected against current, voltage and temperature extremes. However your output application circuit may need additional protection. In the extremely unlikely event of output circuit failure, excessive voltage could be applied to your circuit. Consider using an appropriate fuse in series with the output. Output Current Limiting As soon as the output current increases to its maximum rated value, the DC/DC converter will enter a current-limiting mode. The output voltage will decrease proportionally with increases in output current, thereby maintaining a somewhat constant power output. This is commonly referred to as power limiting. Current limiting inception is defined as the point at which full power falls below the rated tolerance. See the Performance/Functional Specifications. Note particularly that the output current may briefly rise above its rated value. This enhances reliability and continued operation of your application. If the output current is too high, the converter will enter the short circuit condition. Output Short Circuit Condition When a converter is in current-limit mode, the output voltage will drop as the output current demand increases. If the output voltage drops too low, the magnetically coupled voltage used to develop primary side voltages will also drop, thereby shutting down the PWM controller. Following a time-out period, the PWM will restart, causing the output voltage to begin ramping up to its www.murata-ps.com/support MDC_HPH-12/30-D48.B01 Page 9 of 13 HPH-12/30-D48 Series Isolated, 12 VOUT, 30A, Half-Brick DC/DC Converters appropriate value. If the short-circuit condition persists, another shutdown cycle will initiate. This on/off cycling is called “hiccup mode”. The hiccup cycling reduces the average output current, thereby preventing excessive internal temperatures. A short circuit can be tolerated indefinitely. Remote Sense Input Sense inputs compensate for output voltage inaccuracy delivered at the load. This is done by correcting voltage drops along the output wiring such as moderate IR drops and the current carrying capacity of PC board etch. Sense inputs also improve the stability of the converter and load system by optimizing the control loop phase margin. Note: The Sense input and power Vout lines are internally connected through low value resistors to their respective polarities so that the converter can operate without external connection to the Sense. Nevertheless, if the Sense function is not used for remote regulation, the user should connect +Sense to +Vout and –Sense to –Vout at the converter pins. The remote Sense lines carry very little current. They are also capacitively coupled to the output lines and therefore are in the feedback control loop to regulate and stabilize the output. As such, they are not low impedance inputs and must be treated with care in PC board layouts. Sense lines on the PCB should run adjacent to DC signals, preferably Ground. In cables and discrete wiring, use twisted pair, shielded tubing or similar techniques. a single fixed resistor connected between the Trim input and either the +Sense or –Sense terminals. (On some converters, an external user-supplied precision DC voltage may also be used for trimming). Trimming resistors should have a low temperature coefficient (±100 ppm/deg.C or less) and be mounted close to the converter. Keep leads short. If the trim function is not used, leave the trim unconnected. With no trim, the converter will exhibit its specified output voltage accuracy. There are two CAUTION’s to be aware for the Trim input: CAUTION: To avoid unplanned power down cycles, do not exceed EITHER the maximum output voltage OR the maximum output power when setting the trim. Be particularly careful with a trimpot. If the output voltage is excessive, the OVP circuit may inadvertantly shut down the converter. If the maximum power is exceeded, the converter may enter current limiting. If the power is exceeded for an extended period, the converter may overheat and encounter overtemperature shut down. CAUTION: Be careful of external electrical noise. The Trim input is a senstive input to the converter’s feedback control loop. Excessive electrical noise may cause instability or oscillation. Keep external connections short to the Trim input. Use shielding if needed. Also consider adding a small value ceramic capacitor between the Trim and –Vout to bypass RF and electrical noise. Please observe Sense inputs tolerance to avoid improper operation: [Vout(+) –Vout(-)] – [ Sense(+) – Sense(-)] ≤ 10% of Vout +VOUT +VIN +SENSE Contact and PCB resistance losses due to IR drops +VIN +VOUT ON/OFF CONTROL I OUT TRIM 7 5-22 TURNS LOAD +SENSE Sense Current ON/OFF CONTROL TRIM –SENSE LOAD Sense Return –VIN –VOUT –SENSE I OUT Return –VIN Figure 5. Trim adjustments using a trimpot –VOUT Contact and PCB resistance losses due to IR drops Figure 4. Remote Sense Circuit Configuration Output overvoltage protection is monitored at the output voltage pin, not the Sense pin. Therefore excessive voltage differences between Vout and Sense together with trim adjustment of the output can cause the overvoltage protection circuit to activate and shut down the output. +VOUT +VIN +SENSE ON/OFF CONTROL Power derating of the converter is based on the combination of maximum output current and the highest output voltage. Therefore the designer must insure: (Vout at pins) x (Iout) ≤ (Max. rated output power) Trimming the Output Voltage The Trim input to the converter allows the user to adjust the output voltage over the rated trim range (please refer to the Specifications). In the trim equations and circuit diagrams that follow, trim adjustments use either a trimpot or TRIM LOAD R TRIM UP –SENSE –VIN –VOUT Figure 6. Trim adjustments to Increase Output Voltage using a Fixed Resistor www.murata-ps.com/support MDC_HPH-12/30-D48.B01 Page 10 of 13 HPH-12/30-D48 Series Isolated, 12 VOUT, 30A, Half-Brick DC/DC Converters Negative: Optional negative-polarity devices are on (enabled) when the On/ Off is grounded or brought to within a low voltage (see Specifications) with respect to –Vin. The device is off (disabled) when the On/Off is pulled high to +Vin with respect to –Vin. +VOUT +VIN +SENSE ON/OFF CONTROL TRIM LOAD +VIN R TRIM DOWN +VCC –SENSE –VIN ON/OFF CONTROL –VOUT Figure 7. Trim adjustments to Decrease Output Voltage using a Fixed Resistor Radj_up (in kΩ) = Vnominal x (1+Δ) - 1 - 2 1.225 x Δ Δ where Δ = Figure 9. Driving the Negative Polarity On/Off Control Pin Vout -Vnominal Vnominal Dynamic control of the On/Off function should be able to sink appropriate signal current when brought low and withstand appropriate voltage when brought high. Be aware too that there is a finite time in milliseconds (see Specifications) between the time of On/Off Control activation and stable, regulated output. This time will vary slightly with output load type and current and input conditions. 1 -2 Δ Vnominal -Vout Vnominal Radj_down (in kΩ) = where Δ = –VIN Trim Equations Where Vref = +1.225 Volts and Δ is the desired output voltage change. Note that "Δ" is given as a small fraction, not a percentage. There are two CAUTIONs for the On/Off Control: A single resistor connected between Trim and +Sense will increase the output voltage. A resistor connected between Trim and –Sense will decrease the output. CAUTION: While it is possible to control the On/Off with external logic if you carefully observe the voltage levels, the preferred circuit is either an open drain/open collector transistor or a relay (which can thereupon be controlled by logic). Remote On/Off Control On the input side, a remote On/Off Control can be ordered with either polarity. CAUTION: Do not apply voltages to the On/Off pin when there is no input power voltage. Otherwise the converter may be permanently damaged. Positive: Standard models are enabled when the On/Off pin is left open or is pulled high to +Vin with respect to –Vin. An internal bias current causes the open pin to rise to +Vin. Some models will also turn on at lower intermediate voltages (see Specifications). Positive-polarity devices are disable when the On/Off is grounded or brought to within a low voltage (see Specifications) with respect to –Vin. Soldering Guidelines Murata Power Solutions recommends the specifications below when installing these converters. These specifications vary depending on the solder type. Exceeding these specifications may cause damage to the product. Your production environment may differ; therefore please thoroughly review these guidelines with your process engineers. Wave Solder Operations for through-hole mounted products (THMT) For Sn/Ag/Cu based solders: + Vcc ON/OFF CONTROL CONTROL Maximum Preheat Temperature For Sn/Pb based solders: 115° C. Maximum Preheat Temperature 105° C. Maximum Pot Temperature 270° C. Maximum Pot Temperature 250° C. Maximum Solder Dwell Time 7 seconds Maximum Solder Dwell Time 6 seconds –VIN Figure 8. Driving the Positive Polarity On/Off Control Pin www.murata-ps.com/support MDC_HPH-12/30-D48.B01 Page 11 of 13 HPH-12/30-D48 Series Isolated, 12 VOUT, 30A, Half-Brick DC/DC Converters Emissions Performance Murata Power Solutions measures its products for radio frequency emissions against the EN 55022 and CISPR 22 standards. Passive resistance loads are employed and the output is set to the maximum voltage. If you set up your own emissions testing, make sure the output load is rated at continuous power while doing the tests. [3] Conducted Emissions Test Results The recommended external input and output capacitors (if required) are included. Please refer to the fundamental switching frequency. All of this information is listed in the Product Specifications. An external discrete filter is installed and the circuit diagram is shown below. VCC RTN C1 C2 C3 L1 L2 C4 C5 + C6 C7 + C12 DC/DC LOAD -48V C8 C9 C10 GND C11 GND Figure 10. Conducted Emissions Test Circuit Graph 1. Conducted emissions performance, Positive Line, CISPR 22, Class B, full load at 48Vin [1] Conducted Emissions Parts List Reference C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 C6 L1, L2 C8, C9, C10, C11 C7 C12 Part Number Description Vendor SMD CERAMIC-100VGRM32ER72A105KA01L Murata 1000nF-X7R-1210 SMD CERAMIC 100V-100nFGRM319R72A104KA01D Murata ±10%-X7R-1206 COMMON MODE-473uHPG0060T Pulse ±25%-14A SMD CERAMIC630V-0.22μFGRM55DR72J224KW01L Murata ±10%-X7R-2220 Aluminum100V-220μfUHE2A221MHD Nichicon ±10%-long lead NA [2] Conducted Emissions Test Equipment Used Hewlett Packard HP8594L Spectrum Analyzer – S/N 3827A00153 2Line V-networks LS1-15V 50Ω/50Uh Line Impedance Stabilization Network Graph 2. Conducted emissions performance, Negative Line, CISPR 22, Class B, full load at 48Vin [4] Layout Recommendations Most applications can use the filtering which is already installed inside the converter or with the addition of the recommended external capacitors. For greater emissions suppression, consider additional filter components and/or shielding. Emissions performance will depend on the user’s PC board layout, the chassis shielding environment and choice of external components. Please refer to Application Note GEAN-02 for further discussion. Since many factors affect both the amplitude and spectra of emissions, we recommend using an engineer who is experienced at emissions suppression. www.murata-ps.com/support MDC_HPH-12/30-D48.B01 Page 12 of 13 HPH-12/30-D48 Series Isolated, 12 VOUT, 30A, Half-Brick DC/DC Converters Vertical Wind Tunnel IR Transparent optical window Unit under test (UUT) Variable speed fan The IR camera can watch thermal characteristics of the Unit Under Test (UUT) with both dynamic loads and static steady-state conditions. A special optical port is used which is transparent to infrared wavelengths. The computer files from the IR camera can be studied for later analysis. IR Video Camera Heating element Precision low-rate anemometer 3” below UUT Ambient temperature sensor Airflow collimator Figure 11. Vertical Wind Tunnel Murata Power Solutions, Inc. 11 Cabot Boulevard, Mansfield, MA 02048-1151 U.S.A. ISO 9001 and 14001 REGISTERED Murata Power Solutions employs a custom-designed enclosed vertical wind tunnel, infrared video camera system and test instrumentation for accurate airflow and heat dissipation analysis of power products. The system includes a precision low flow-rate anemometer, variable speed fan, power supply input and load controls, temperature gauges and adjustable heating element. Both through-hole and surface mount converters are soldered down to a host carrier board for realistic heat absorption and spreading. Both longitudinal and transverse airflow studies are possible by rotation of this carrier board since there are often significant differences in the heat dissipation in the two airflow directions. The combination of both adjustable airflow, adjustable ambient heat and adjustable Input/Output currents and voltages mean that a very wide range of measurement conditions can be studied. The airflow collimator mixes the heat from the heating element to make uniform temperature distribution. The collimator also reduces the amount of turbulence adjacent to the UUT by restoring laminar airflow. Such turbulence can change the effective heat transfer characteristics and give false readings. Excess turbulence removes more heat from some surfaces and less heat from others, possibly causing uneven overheating. Both sides of the UUT are studied since there are different thermal gradients on each side. The adjustable heating element and fan, built-in temperature gauges and no-contact IR camera mean that power supplies are tested in real-world conditions. This product is subject to the following operating requirements and the Life and Safety Critical Application Sales Policy: Refer to: http://www.murata-ps.com/requirements/ Murata Power Solutions, Inc. makes no representation that the use of its products in the circuits described herein, or the use of other technical information contained herein, will not infringe upon existing or future patent rights. The descriptions contained herein do not imply the granting of licenses to make, use, or sell equipment constructed in accordance therewith. Specifications are subject to change without notice. © 2014 Murata Power Solutions, Inc. www.murata-ps.com/support MDC_HPH-12/30-D48.B01 Page 13 of 13