MIC5239 Low Quiescent Current 500mA µCap LDO Regulator General Description Features The MIC5239 is a low quiescent current, µCap low-dropout regulator. With a maximum operating input voltage of 30V and a quiescent current of 23µA, it is ideal for supplying keep-alive power in systems with high voltage batteries. Capable of 500mA output, the MIC5239 has a dropout voltage of only 350mV. It can provide high output current for applications such as USB. As a µCap LDO, the MIC5239 is stable with either a ceramic or a tantalum output capacitor. It only requires a 3.3µF output capacitor for stability. The MIC5239 includes a logic compatible enable input and an undervoltage error flag indicator. Other features of the MIC5239 include thermal shutdown, current limit, overvoltage shutdown, reverse-leakage protection, and reversebattery protection. Available in the thermally enhanced SOIC-8, MSOP-8 and SOT-223, the MIC5239 comes in fixed 1.5V, 1.8V, 2.5V, 3.0V, 3.3V and 5.0V, and adjustable voltages. For other output voltages, contact Micrel. All support documentation can be found on Micrel’s web site at: www.micrel.com. • • • • • • • • • • • • • Ultra-low quiescent current (IQ = 23µA @IO = 100µA) Continuous 500mA output current Wide input range: 2.3V to 30V Low dropout voltage: 350mV @500mA ±1.0% initial output accuracy Stable with ceramic or tantalum output capacitor Logic compatible enable input Low output voltage error flag indicator Overcurrent protection Thermal shutdown Reverse-leakage protection Reverse-battery protection High-power SOIC-8, MSOP-8 and SOT-223 packages Applications • USB power supply • Keep-alive supply in notebook and portable personal computers • Logic supply from high voltage batteries • Automotive electronics • Battery-powered systems ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Typical Application 40 35 VIN 30V MIC5239 IN OUT EN FLG GND VOUT 3.0V/100µA IGND = 23µA IOUT = 100µA 25 20 15 Regulator with Low IO and Low IQ IOUT = 1mA 30 10 4 IOUT = 10µA 9 14 19 24 29 Ground Current vs. Input Voltage MLF and MicroLeadFrame is a registered trademark of Amkor Technologies Micrel Inc. • 2180 Fortune Drive • San Jose, CA 95131 • USA • tel +1 (408) 944-0800 • fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 • http://www.micrel.com December 2007 M9999-121007 Micrel MIC5239 Ordering Information Part Number Standard Pb-Free Voltage(1) Junction Temp. Range Package MIC5239-1.5BM MIC5239-1.5YM 1.5V –40°C to +125°C 8-pin SOIC MIC5239-1.5BMM MIC5239-1.5YMM 1.5V –40°C to +125°C 8-pin MSOP MIC5239-1.5BS MIC5239-1.5YS 1.5V –40°C to +125°C SOT-223 MIC5239-1.8BM MIC5239-1.8YM 1.8V –40°C to +125°C 8-pin SOIC MIC5239-1.8BMM MIC5239-1.8YMM 1.8V –40°C to +125°C 8-pin MSOP MIC5239-1.8BS MIC5239-1.8YS 1.8V –40°C to +125°C SOT-223 MIC5239-2.5BM MIC5239-2.5YM 2.5V –40°C to +125°C 8-pin SOIC MIC5239-2.5BMM MIC5239-2.5YMM 2.5V –40°C to +125°C 8-pin MSOP MIC5239-2.5BS MIC5239-2.5YS 2.5V –40°C to +125°C SOT-223 MIC5239-3.0BM MIC5239-3.0YM 3.0V –40°C to +125°C 8-pin SOIC MIC5239-3.0BMM MIC5239-3.0YMM 3.0V –40°C to +125°C 8-pin MSOP MIC5239-3.0BS MIC5239-3.0YS 3.0V –40°C to +125°C SOT-223 MIC5239-3.3BM MIC5239-3.3YM 3.3V –40°C to +125°C 8-pin SOIC MIC5239-3.3BMM MIC5239-3.3YMM 3.3V –40°C to +125°C 8-pin MSOP MIC5239-3.3BS MIC5239-3.3YS 3.3V –40°C to +125°C SOT-223 MIC5239-5.0BM MIC5239-5.0YM 5.0V –40°C to +125°C 8-pin SOIC MIC5239-5.0BMM MIC5239-5.0YMM 5.0V –40°C to +125°C 8-pin MSOP MIC5239-5.0BS MIC5239-5.0YS 5.0V –40°C to +125°C SOT-223 MIC5239BM MIC5239YM ADJ –40°C to +125°C 8-pin SOIC MIC5239BMM MIC5239YMM ADJ –40°C to +125°C 8-pin MSOP Note: 1. Other Voltages available. Contact Micrel for details. December 2007 2 M9999-121007 Micrel MIC5239 Pin Configuration SOIC-8 (M) MSOP-8(MM) (Fixed) SOT-223 (S) SOIC-8 (M) MSOP-8(MM) (Adj) Pin Description Pin Number MSOP/SOIC Pin Number SOT-223 Pin Name 2 (fixed) — FLG Error FLAG (Output): Open-collector output is active low when the output is out of regulation due to insufficient input voltage or excessive load. An external pull-up resistor is required. 2 (adj) — ADJ Adjustable Feedback Input: Connect to voltage divider network. 3 1 IN 4 3 OUT 1 — EN 5–8 2 GND December 2007 Pin Function Power Supply Input. Regulated Output. Enable (input): Logic low = shutdown; logic high = enabled. Ground: Pins 5, 6, 7, and 8 are internally connected in common via the leadframe. 3 M9999-121007 Micrel MIC5239 Absolute Maximum Ratings(1) Operating Ratings(2) Supply Voltage (VIN) ...................................... –20V to +32V Enable Input Voltage (VEN)............................ –0.3V to +32V Power Dissipation (PD)(3) ...........................Internally Limited Junction Temperature (TJ) ........................–40°C to +125°C Storage Temperature (TS).........................–65°C to +150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 5 sec.)........................ 260°C ESD Rating(4) SOT-23-3L ............................................................... 2kV MSOP-8L .............................................................. 1.5kV Supply Voltage (VIN).......................................... 2.3V to 30V Enable Input Voltage (VEN)................................... 0V to 30V Junction Temperature (TJ) ........................ –40°C to +125°C Package Thermal Resistance MSOP (θJA)....................................................... 80°C/W SOT-223 (θJA)................................................... 50°C/W Electrical Characteristics(5) VIN = VOUT + 1V; VEN ≥ 2.0V; IOUT = 100µA; TJ = 25°C, bold values indicate –40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +125°C; unless noted. Symbol Parameter Condition Min VOUT Output Voltage Accuracy Variation from nominal VOUT –1 –2 ∆VOUT/VOUT Line Regulation VIN = VOUT +1V to 30V ∆VOUT/VOUT ∆V IGND Load Regulation Dropout Voltage (7) Ground Pin Current IOUT = 100µA to 500mA (6) Typ Max Units 1 2 % % 0.06 0.5 % 15 30 mV IOUT = 100µA 50 mV IOUT = 150mA 260 IOUT = 500mA 350 VEN ≥ 2.0V, IOUT = 100µA 23 40 45 µA µA VEN ≥ 2.0V, IOUT = 150mA 1.3 5 mA VEN ≥ 2.0V, IOUT = 500mA 8.5 15 mA 350 400 mV mV mV IGND(SHDN) Ground Pin Shutdown VEN ≤ 0.6V, VIN = 30V 0.1 1 µA ISC Short Circuit Current VOUT = 0V 850 1200 mA en Output Noise 10Hz to 100kHz, VOUT = 3.0V, CL = 3.3µF 160 µVrms Low Threshold % of VOUT 94 % High Threshold % of VOUT 95 % VOL FLAG Output Low Voltage VIN = VOUT(nom) – 0.12VOUT, IOL = 200µA 150 mV ILEAK FLAG Output Leakage VOH = 30V 0.1 µA VIL Input Low Voltage regulator off VIH Input High Voltage regulator on 2.0 IIN Enable Input Current VEN = 0.6V, regulator off –1.0 –2.0 FLAG Output VFLG Enable Input December 2007 0.6 V V 0.01 1.0 2.0 µA µA VEN = 2.0V, regulator on 0.15 1.0 2.0 µA µA VEN = 30V, regulator on 0.5 2.5 5.0 µA µA 4 M9999-121007 Micrel MIC5239 Notes: 1. Exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device. 2. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating. 3. The maximum allowable power dissipation of any TA (ambient temperature) is PD(max) = (TJ(max) – TA) ÷ θJA. Exceeding the maximum allowable power dissipation will result in excessive die temperature, and the regulator will go into thermal shutdown. The θJA of the MIC5239x.xBMM (all versions) is 80°C/W, the MIC5239-x.xBM (all versions) is 63°C/W, and the MIC5239-x.xBS (all versions) is 50°C/W mounted on a PC board, see “Thermal Characteristics” for further details. 4. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precautions recommended. Human body model, 1.5kΩ in series with 100pF. 5. Specification for packaged product only. 6. Regulation is measured at constant junction temperature using pulse testing with a low duty-cycle. Changes in output voltage due to heating effects are covered by the specification for thermal regulation. 7. Dropout voltage is defined as the input to output differential at which the output voltage drops 2% below its nominal value measured at 1.0V differential. December 2007 5 M9999-121007 Micrel MIC5239 Typical Characteristics (VOUT = 3V) December 2007 6 M9999-121007 Micrel MIC5239 Typical Characteristics (continued) (VOUT = 3V) Input Current INPUT CURRENT (mA) 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 -20 VEN = 5V RLOAD = 30 -10 0 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 10 Functional Characteristics December 2007 7 M9999-121007 Micrel MIC5239 Functional Diagram Block Diagram — Fixed Voltages Block Diagram — Adjustable Voltages December 2007 8 M9999-121007 Micrel MIC5239 Application Information The MIC5239 provides all of the advantages of the MIC2950: wide input voltage range, and reversedbattery protection, with the added advantages of reduced quiescent current and smaller package. Additionally, when disabled, quiescent current is reduced to 0.1µA. Enable A low on the enable pin disables the part, forcing the quiescent current to less than 0.1µA. Thermal shutdown and the error flag are not functional while the device is disabled. The maximum enable bias current is 2µA for a 2.0V input. An open-collector pull-up resistor tied to the input voltage should be set low enough to maintain 2V on the enable input. Figure 1 shows an open-collector output driving the enable pin through a 200kΩ pull-up resistor tied to the input voltage. In order to avoid output oscillations, slow transitions from low-to-high should be avoided. 200k V 5V 200k FLG GND Error Detection Comparator Output The FLAG pin is an open-collector output which goes low when the output voltage drops 5% below it’s internally programmed level. It senses conditions such as excessive load (current limit), low input voltage, and over temperature conditions. Once the part is disabled via the enable input, the error flag output is not valid. Overvoltage conditions are not reflected in the error flag output. The error flag output is also not valid for input voltages less than 2.3V. The error output has a low voltage of 400mV at a current of 200µA. In order to minimize the drain on the source used for the pull-up, a value of 200kΩ to 1MΩ is suggested for the error flag pull-up. This will guarantee a maximum low voltage of 0.4V for a 30V pull-up potential. An unused error flag can be left unconnected. V MIC5239 OUT IN EN Figure 2. Output Capacitor ESR V C Figure 1. Remote Enable Output Voltage Input Capacitor An input capacitor may be required when the device is not near the source power supply or when supplied by a battery. Small, surface mount ceramic capacitors can be used for bypassing. Larger values may be required if the source supply has high ripple. 0V VALID ERROR Error FLAG Output Output Capacitor The MIC5239 has been designed to minimize the effect of the output capacitor ESR on the closed loop stability. As a result, ceramic or film capacitors can be used at the output. Figure 2 displays a range of ESR values for a 10µF capacitor. Virtually any 10µF capacitor with an ESR less than 3.4Ω is sufficient for stability over the entire input voltage range. Stability can also be maintained throughout the specified load and line conditions with 4.7µF film or ceramic capacitors. December 2007 4.75V Input Voltage NOT VALID NOT VALID 5V 1.3V 0V Figure 3. Error FLAG Output Timing Thermal Shutdown The MIC5239 has integrated thermal protection. This feature is only for protection purposes. The device should never be intentionally operated near this temperature as this may have detrimental effects on the life of the device. The thermal shutdown may become inactive while the enable input is transitioning from a high to a low. When disabling the device via the enable pin, transition from a high to low quickly. This will insure that the output remains disabled in the event of a thermal shutdown. 9 M9999-121007 Micrel MIC5239 Current Limit Figure 4 displays a method for reducing the steady state short-circuit current. The duration that the supply delivers current is set by the time required for the error flag output to discharge the 4.7µF capacitor tied to the enable pin. The off time is set by the 200kΩ resistor as it recharges the 4.7µF capacitor, enabling the regulator. This circuit reduces the short-circuit current from 800mA to 40mA while allowing for regulator restart once the short is removed. 1N4148 200k VIN 5V VERR MIC5239 IN OUT 200k EN FLG GND SHUTDOWN ENABLE Figure 5. Thermal Resistance Using the power MSOP-8 reduces the θJC dramatically and allows the user to reduce θCA. The total thermal resistance, θJA (junction-to-ambient thermal resistance) is the limiting factor in calculating the maximum power dissipation capability of the device. Typically, the power MSOP-8 has a θJC of 80°C/W, this is significantly lower than the standard MSOP-8 which is typically 200°C/W. θCA is reduced because pins 5 through 8 can now be soldered directly to a ground plane which significantly reduces the case-to-sink thermal resistance and sink to ambient thermal resistance. Low-dropout linear regulators from Micrel are rated to a maximum junction temperature of 125°C. It is important not to exceed this maximum junction temperature during operation of the device. To prevent this maximum junction temperature from being exceeded, the appropriate ground plane heatsink must be used. VOUT COUT 4.7µF Figure 4. Remote Enable with Short-Circuit Current Foldback Thermal Characteristics The MIC5239 is a high input voltage device, intended to provide 500mA of continuous output current in two very small profile packages. The power MSOP-8 allows the device to dissipate about 50% more power than their standard equivalents. December 2007 2 Power MSOP-8 Thermal Characteristics One of the secrets of the MIC5239’s performance is its power MSOP-8 package featuring half the thermal resistance of a standard MSOP-8 package. Lower thermal resistance means more output current or higher input voltage for a given package size. Lower thermal resistance is achieved by joining the four ground leads with the die attach paddle to create a single piece electrical and thermal conductor. This concept has been used by MOSFET manufacturers for years, proving very reliable and cost effective for the user. Thermal resistance consists of two main elements, θJC (junction-to-case thermal resistance) and θCA (case-toambient thermal resistance). See Figure 5. θJC is the resistance from the die to the leads of the package. θCA is the resistance from the leads to the ambient air and it includes θCS (case-to-sink thermal resistance) and θSA (sink-to-ambient thermal resistance). Figure 6. Copper Area vs. Power-MSOP Power Dissipation (∆TJA) Figure 6 shows copper area versus power dissipation with each trace corresponding to a different temperature rise above ambient. From these curves, the minimum area of copper necessary for the part to operate safely can be determined. The maximum allowable temperature rise must be calculated to determine operation along which curve. 10 M9999-121007 Micrel MIC5239 ∆T = TJ(max) – TA(max) TJ(max) = 125°C TA(max) = maximum ambient operating temperature For example, the maximum ambient temperature is 50°C, the ∆T is determined as follows: ∆T = 125°C – 50°C ∆T = 75°C Using Figure 6, the minimum amount of required copper can be determined based on the required power dissipation. Power dissipation in a linear regulator is calculated as follows: Figure 8. Copper Area vs. Power-SOIC Power Dissipation (∆TJA) PD = (VIN – VOUT) IOUT + VIN × IGND If we use a 3V output device and a 28V input at moderate output current of 25mA, then our power dissipation is as follows: 2 PD = (28V – 3V) × 25mA + 28V 250µA PD = 625mW + 7mW PD = 632mW From Figure 6, the minimum amount of copper required to operate this application at a ∆T of 75°C is 110mm2. Quick Method Determine the power dissipation requirements for the design along with the maximum ambient temperature at which the device will be operated. Refer to Figure 7, which shows safe operating curves for three different ambient temperatures: 25°C, 50°C and 85°C. From these curves, the minimum amount of copper can be determined by knowing the maximum power dissipation required. If the maximum ambient temperature is 50°C and the power dissipation is as above, 639mW, the curve in Figure 7 shows that the required area of copper is 110mm2. The θJA of this package is ideally 80°C/W, but it will vary depending upon the availability of copper ground plane to which it is attached. Figure 9. Copper Area vs. Power-SOIC Power Dissipation (TA) The same method of determining the heatsink area used for the power MSOP-8 can be applied directly to the power SOIC-8. The same two curves showing power dissipation versus copper area are reproduced for the power SOIC-8 and they can be applied identically. 2 Power SOIC-8 Thermal Characteristics The power SOIC-8 package follows the same idea as the power MSOP-8 package, using four ground leads with the die attach paddle to create a single-piece electrical and thermal conductor, reducing thermal resistance and increasing power dissipation capability. Quick Method Determine the power dissipation requirements for the design along with the maximum ambient temperature at which the device will be operated. Refer to Figure 9, which shows safe operating curves for three different ambient temperatures, 25°C, 50°C, and 85°C. From these curves, the minimum amount of copper can be determined by knowing the maximum power dissipation required. If the maximum ambient temperature is 50°C, and the power dissipation is 632mW, the curve in Figure 9 shows that the required area of copper is less than 100mm2, when using the power SOIC-8. Figure 7. Copper Area vs. Power-MSOP Power Dissipation (TA) December 2007 11 M9999-121007 Micrel MIC5239 The MIC5239YM can be adjusted from 1.24V to 20V by using two external resistors (Figure 10). The resistors set the output voltage based on the following equation: Adjustable Regulator Application R1 ⎞ ⎛ VOUT = VREF ⎜1 + ⎟ R2 ⎝ ⎠ Where VREF = 1.23V. Feedback resistor R2 should be no larger than 300kΩ. Figure 10. Adjustable Voltage Application December 2007 12 M9999-121007 Micrel MIC5239 Package Information 8-Pin MSOP (MM) SOT-223 (S) December 2007 13 M9999-121007 Micrel MIC5239 8-Pin SOIC (M) MICREL, INC. 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA TEL +1 (408) 944-0800 FAX +1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http:/www.micrel.com The information furnished by Micrel in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Micrel for its use. Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer. Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A Purchaser’s use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is a Purchaser’s own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnify Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. © 2003 Micrel, Incorporated. December 2007 14 M9999-121007