LV8731V, LV8732V, LV8734V, LV8735V, LV8736V http://onsemi.com Bi-CMOS LSI PWM Constant-Current Control Stepper Motor Driver Application Note Overview The LV873x series is a 2-channel H-bridge driver IC that can switch a stepper motor driver, which is capable of micro-step drive and supports 1/16-step resolution, and two channels of a brushed motor driver, which supports forward, reverse, brake, and standby of a motor. Function Single-channel PWM current control stepping motor driver (selectable with DC motor driver channel 2) incorporated. BiCDMOS process IC Low on resistance (total of upper and lower: 0.55=LV8731/32, 0.8=LV8734, 1.25=LV8735/36, Ta=25C) Micro-step mode can be set to Full-step, Half-step, Quarter-step, 1/8-step, or 1/16-step Excitation step proceeds only by step signal input Motor current selectable in four steps Output short-circuit protection circuit (selectable from latch-type or auto-reset-type) incorporated Unusual condition warning output pins Built-in thermal shutdown circuit No control power supply required Pin compatibility series Typical Applications MFP (Multi Function Printer) PPC (Plain Paper Copier) LBP (Laser Beam Printer) Photo printer Scanner Industrial Cash Machine Amusement Textile Selection Guide Parameter LV8731V LV8732V LV8734V LV8735V Output current 2A 2A 1.5A 1A 1A Micro-step resolution Full step Full step Full step Full step Full step Half step Half step Half step Half step Half step Quarter step Quarter step Quarter step 1/8 step Quarter step 1/16 step 1/8 step 1/8 step 1/16 step 1/8 step None None Included Included Included Current limit mask function Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2013 December, 2013 LV8736V 1/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note Package Dimensions unit : mm (typ) TOP VIEW SIDE VIEW BOTTOM VIEW 15.0 44 23 (3.5) 0.5 5.6 7.6 (4.7) 0.22 0.65 22 0.2 1.7MAX 1 (0.68) 0.1 (1.5) SIDE VIEW SANYO : SSOP44K(275mil) Caution: The package dimension is a reference value, which is not a guaranteed value Recommended Soldering Footprint (Unit:mm) Reference symbol SSOP44K(275mil) eE 7.00 e 0.65 b3 0.32 l1 1.00 X (4.7) Y (3.5) . 2/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note Pin Assignment VG 1 44 OUT1A VM 2 43 OUT1A CP2 3 42 PGND CP1 4 41 NC VREG5 5 40 NC ATT2 6 39 VM1 ATT1 7 38 VM1 EMO 8 37 RF1 CEM 9 36 RF1 EMM 10 35 OUT1B CHOP 11 MONI 12 LV873XV RST/BLK 13 34 OUT1B 33 OUT2A 32 OUT2A STEP/DC22 14 31 RF2 FR/DC21 15 30 RF2 MD2/DC12 16 29 VM2 MD1/DC11 17 28 VM2 DM 18 27 NC OE/CMK 19 26 NC ST 20 25 PGND VREF 21 24 OUT2B GND 22 23 OUT2B Top view It is short-circuited in IC though there are VM1, VM2, OUT1A, OUT1B, OUT2A, OUT2B, RF1 and RF2 of each of two pins. 3/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note Block Diagram CP2 CP1 VG OUT1A RF1 OUT1B VM1 VM2 OUT2A OUT2B RF2 VREG5 Output preamplifier stage MONI Output preamplifier stage Output preamplifier stage Charge pump PGND Output preamplifier stage VM Output control logic Regulator VREF Attenuator (4 levels selectable) CEM Microstep mode selection Microstep mode selection Oscillation circuit Current Limit Mask TSD LVS CHOP ST ATT1 ATT2 MD1/ MD2/ FR/ DC11 DC12 DC21 STEP/ RST/ DC22 BLK OE/ CMK DM EMM CPU Mi-com GND EMO 4/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note Specifications Absolute Maximum Ratings at Ta = 25C Parameter Symbol Conditions LV8731/32 LV8734 LV8735/36 Unit Supply voltage VM max Output peak current IO peak Output current IO max Logic input voltage VIN max -0.3 to +6 V MONI/EMO input voltage Vmo/Vemo -0.3 to +6 V Allowable power dissipation Pd max 3.05 W Operating temperature Topr -20 to +85 C Storage temperature Tstg -55 to +150 C tw 10ms, duty 20% * 2.5 1.75 2 1.5 3.25 3.25 36 V 1.5 A 1 A * Specified circuit board: 90.0mm90.0mm1.6mm, glass epoxy 2-layer board, with backside mounting Caution 1) Absolute maximum ratings represent the value which cannot be exceeded for any length of time. Caution 2) Even when the device is used within the range of absolute maximum ratings, as a result of continuous usage under high temperature, high current, high voltage, or drastic temperature change, the reliability of the IC may be degraded. Please contact us for the further details. Stresses exceeding Maximum Ratings may damage the device. Maximum Ratings are stress ratings only. Functional operation above the Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. Extended exposure to stresses above the Recommended Operating Conditions may affect device reliability. Recommended Operating Conditions at Ta 25C Parameter Symbol Conditions Ratings min typ Unit max Supply voltage range VM 9 32 V Logic input voltage VIN 0 5.5 V VREF input voltage range VREF 0 3 V Electrical Characteristics at Ta = 25°C, VM = 24V, VREF = 1.5V Parameter Symbol Conditions Ratings min typ Unit max 100 400 A 3.2 5 mA Standby mode current drain IMst ST = “L” Current drain IM ST = “H”, OE = “L”, with no load VREG5 output voltage Vreg5 IO = -1mA 4.5 5 5.5 V Thermal shutdown temperature TSD Design guarantee 150 180 200 C Thermal hysteresis width TSD Design guarantee Output on resistance Ronu1 0.4 Rond1 IO = 2A, Upper-side on resistance IO = 2A, Lower-side on resistance 0.3 (LV8731/32) 0.25 0.33 IO = 1.5A, Upper-side on resistance IO = 1.5A, Lower-side on resistance 0.48 0.63 0.32 0.42 C 40 Motor driver Output on resistance Ronu2 (LV8734) Rond2 Output on resistance Ronu3 (LV8735/36) Rond3 IO = 1A, Upper-side on resistance IO = 1A, Lower-side on resistance Output leakage current IOleak VD ID = -2A (LV8731/32) /-1.5A (LV8734) Diode forward voltage 0.75 0.97 0.5 0.65 50 A 1.2 1.4 V 0.8 V -1A (LV8735/36) Logic high-level input voltage VINH Logic low-level input voltage VINL Logic pin input current other OE/CMK pin IINL IINH Logic pin input current IINL IINH 2.0 VIN = 0.8V VIN = 5V VIN = 0.8V V 4 8 12 A 30 50 70 A 4 8 12 A 30 50 70 A 4 8 12 A OE / CMK pin input current ICMKL VIN = 5V DM = “L”, OE/CMK = 0.8V (LV8734/35/36) ICMKH DM = “L”, OE/CMK = 5V 30 50 70 A ICMK DM = “H”, OE/CMK = 0V -32 -25 -18 A VtCMK DM = “H” 1.2 1.5 1.8 V OE/CMK pin current LIMIT mask threshold voltage. (LV8734/35/36) Continued on next page. 5/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note Continued from preceding page. Parameter Current setting 1/16 step comparator resolution threshold (LV8731/35) voltage (current step switching) 1/8 step Symbol Vtdac0_4W 36) Quarter step 36) Half step resolution typ max Unit 0.291 0.3 0.309 V Step 1 (Initial state+1) 0.291 0.3 0.309 V Vtdac2_4W Step 2 (Initial state+2) 0.285 0.294 0.303 V Vtdac3_4W Step 3 (Initial state+3) 0.279 0.288 0.297 V Vtdac4_4W Step 4 (Initial state+4) 0.267 0.276 0.285 V Vtdac5_4W Step 5 (Initial state+5) 0.255 0.264 0.273 V Vtdac6_4W Step 6 (Initial state+6) 0.240 0.249 0.258 V Vtdac7_4W Step 7 (Initial state+7) 0.222 0.231 0.240 V Vtdac8_4W Step 8 (Initial state+8) 0.201 0.21 0.219 V Vtdac9_4W Step 9 (Initial state+9) 0.180 0.189 0.198 V Vtdac10_4W Step 10 (Initial state+10) 0.157 0.165 0.173 V Vtdac11_4W Step 11 (Initial state+11) 0.134 0.141 0.148 V Vtdac12_4W Step 12 (Initial state+12) 0.107 0.114 0.121 V Vtdac13_4W Step 13 (Initial state+13) 0.080 0.087 0.094 V Vtdac14_4W Step 14 (Initial state+14) 0.053 0.06 0.067 V Vtdac15_4W Step 15 (Initial state+15) 0.023 0.03 0.037 V Vtdac0_2W Step 0 (When initialized : channel 1 0.291 0.3 0.309 V comparator level) Vtdac2_2W Step 2 (Initial state+1) 0.285 0.294 0.303 V Vtdac4_2W Step 4 (Initial state+2) 0.267 0.276 0.285 V Vtdac6_2W Step 6 (Initial state+3) 0.240 0.249 0.258 V Vtdac8_2W Step 8 (Initial state+4) 0.201 0.21 0.219 V Vtdac10_2W Step 10 (Initial state+5) 0.157 0.165 0.173 V Vtdac12_2W Step 12 (Initial state+6) 0.107 0.114 0.121 V Vtdac14_2W Step 14 (Initial state+7) 0.053 0.06 0.067 V Vtdac0_W Step 0 (When initialized : channel 1 0.291 0.3 0.309 V 0.276 0.285 V comparator level) Vtdac4_W Step 4 (Initial state+1) 0.267 Vtdac8_W Step 8 (Initial state+2) 0.201 0.21 0.219 V Vtdac12_W Step 12 (Initial state+3) 0.107 0.114 0.121 V Vtdac0_H Step 0 (When initialized : channel 1 0.291 0.3 0.309 V resolution Full step min Vtdac1_4W resolution (LV8731/32/34/ Step 0 (When initialized : channel 1 Ratings comparator level) resolution (LV8732/34/35/ Conditions comparator level) Vtdac8_H Step 8 (Initial state+1) 0.201 0.21 0.219 V Vtdac8_F Step 8' (When initialized : channel 1 0.291 0.3 0.309 V comparator level) Continued on next page. 6/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note Continued from preceding page. Parameter Symbol Conditions Ratings min typ Unit max Current setting comparator Vtatt00 ATT1 = L, ATT2 = L 0.291 0.3 0.309 threshold voltage Vtatt01 ATT1 = H, ATT2 = L 0.232 0.24 0.248 V Vtatt10 ATT1 = L, ATT2 = H 0.143 0.15 0.157 V 0.053 0.06 0.067 40 50 60 kHz 7 10 13 A 0.8 1 1.2 V 400 mV (current attenuation rate switching) Vtatt11 ATT1 = H, ATT2 = H Chopping frequency Fchop Cchop = 200pF CHOP pin charge/discharge current Ichop Chopping oscillation circuit Vtup V V threshold voltage VREF pin input current Iref VREF = 1.5V MONI pin saturation voltage Vsatmon Imoni = 1mA A -0.5 Charge pump VG output voltage VG Rise time tONG Oscillator frequency Fosc 28 VG = 0.1F 90 28.7 29.8 V 200 500 S 125 150 kHz 400 mV Output short-circuit protection EMO pin saturation voltage Vsatemo Iemo = 1mA CEM pin charge current Icem Vcem = 0V CEM pin threshold voltage Vtcem 7 10 13 A 0.8 1 1.2 V 7/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note 8/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note LV8731/LV8732 LV8734 LV8735/LV8736 LV8731/LV8732 LV8734 LV8735/LV8736 9/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note Pin Functions Pin No. Pin Name Pin Function 6 ATT2 Motor holding current switching pin. 7 ATT1 Motor holding current switching pin. 10 EMM Output short-circuit protection mode 13 RST/BLK Equivalent Circuit switching pin. VREG5 RESET input pin (STM) / Blanking time switching pin (DCM) . 14 STEP/DC22 15 FR/DC21 STEP signal input pin (STM) / Channel 2 output control input pin 2 (DCM) . CW / CCW signal input pin (STM) / Channel 2 output control input pin 1 10kΩ (DCM) . 16 MD2/DC12 Excitation mode switching pin 2 (STM) / Channel 1 output control input pin 2 100kΩ (DCM) . 17 MD1/DC11 Excitation mode switching pin 1 (STM) / Channel 1 output control input pin 1 (DCM) . 18 DM GND Drive mode (STM/DCM) switching pin. LV8731/32 19 OE Output enable signal input pin. 20 ST Chip enable pin. VREG5 20kΩ 10kΩ 80kΩ GND 23, 24 OUT2B Channel 2 OUTB output pin. 25, 42 PGND Power system ground. 28, 29 VM2 Channel 2 motor power supply 30, 31 RF2 32, 33 OUT2A Channel 2 OUTA output pin. 34, 35 OUT1B Channel 1 OUTB output pin. 36, 37 RF1 Channel 1 current-sense resistor 38 39 28 29 connection pin. Channel 2 current-sense resistor connection pin. 38, 39 VM1 Channel 1 motor power supply pin. 43, 44 OUT1A Channel 1 OUTA output pin. 34 35 23 24 43 44 32 33 connection pin. 10kΩ 500Ω 25 42 500Ω 36 37 30 31 GND Continued on next page. 10/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note Continued from preceding page. Pin No. Pin Name Pin Function 1 VG Charge pump capacitor connection pin. 2 VM Motor power supply connection pin. 3 CP2 Charge pump capacitor connection pin. 4 CP1 Charge pump capacitor connection pin. Equivalent Circuit 2 4 3 1 VREG5 100Ω GND 21 VREF Constant current control reference voltage input pin. VREG5 500Ω GND 5 VREG5 Internal power supply capacitor connection pin. VM 2kΩ 78kΩ 26kΩ GND 8 EMO Output short-circuit state warning output pin. 12 MONI VREG5 Position detection monitor pin. GND Continued on next page. 11/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note Continued from preceding page. Pin No. 9 Pin Name CEM Pin Function Pin to connect the output short-circuit state detection time setting capacitor. Equivalent Circuit VREG5 GND 11 CHOP Chopping frequency setting capacitor connection pin. VREG5 500Ω 500Ω GND LV8734/35/ VREG5 36 19 OE/CMK Output enable signal input pin (STM) / Set capacitor connection pin of time of current LIMIT mask (DCM) . GND 22 26, 27 40, 41 GND Ground. NC No Connection (No internal connection to the IC) 12/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note Description of operation Input Pin Function The function to prevent including the turn from the input to the power supply is built into each input pin. Therefore, the current turns to the power supply even if power supply (VM) is turned off with the voltage impressed to the input pin and there is not crowding. (1) Chip enable function This IC is switched between standby and operating mode by setting the ST pin. In standby mode, the IC is set to power-save mode and all logic is reset. In addition, the internal regulator circuit and charge pump circuit do not operate in standby mode. ST Mode Internal regulator Charge pump Low or Open Standby mode Standby Standby High Operating mode Operating Operating (2) Drive mode switching pin function The IC drive mode is switched by setting the DM pin. In STM mode, stepping motor channel 1 can be controlled by the CLK-IN input. In DCM mode, DC motor channel 2 or stepping motor channel 1 can be controlled by parallel input. Stepping motor control using parallel input is Full step or Half step full torque. DM Drive mode Application Low or Open STM mode Stepping motor channel 1 (CLK-IN) High DCM mode DC motor channel 2 or stepping motor channel 1 (parallel) STM mode (DM = Low or Open) (1) STEP pin function STEP input advances electrical angle at every rising edge (advances step by step) . Input Operating mode ST STEP Low * Standby mode High Excitation step proceeds High Excitation step is kept STEP input MIN pulse width (common in H/L): 500ns (MAX input frequency: 1MHz) However, constant current control is performed by PWM during chopping period, which is set by the capacitor connected between CHOP and GND. You need to perform chopping more than once per step. For this reason, for the actual STEP frequency, you need to take chopping frequency and chopping count into consideration. For example, if chopping frequency is 50kHz (20μs) and chopping is performed twice per step, the maximum STEP frequency is obtained as follows: f＝1/(20μs×2) = 25kHz. (2) Input timing TstepH TstepL STEP Tdh Tds (md1 step) (step md1) MD1 Tdh Tds (md2 step) (step md2) MD2 Tdh Tds (fr step) (step fr) FR TstepH/TstepL : Clock H/L pulse width (min 500ns) Tds : Data set-up time (min 500ns) Tdh : Data hold time (min 500ns) Figure 16. Input timing chart 13/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note (3) Position detection monitoring function The MONI position detection monitoring pin is of an open drain type. When the excitation position is in the initial position, the MONI output is placed in the ON state. (Refer to "Examples of current waveforms in each of the excitation modes.") (4) Setting constant-current control reference current This IC is designed to automatically exercise PWM constant-current chopping control for the motor current by setting the output current. Based on the voltage input to the VREF pin and the resistance connected between RF and GND, the output current that is subject to the constant-current control is set using the calculation formula below: IOUT = (VREF/5) /RF resistance * The above setting is the output current at 100% of each excitation mode. If VREF is open or the setting is out of the recommendation operating range, output current will increase and you cannot set constant current under normal condition. Hence, make sure that VREF is set in accordance with the specification. However, if current control is not performed (if the IC is used by saturation drive or used without current limit at DCM) make sure that the setting is as follows: VREF=5V or VREF=VREG5 Power dissipation of RF resistor is obtained as follows: Pd=Iout2×RF. Make sure to take allowable power dissipation into consideration when you select RF resistor. The voltage input to the VREF pin can be switched to four-step settings depending on the statuses of the two inputs, ATT1 and ATT2. This is effective for reducing power consumption when motor holding current is supplied. Attenuation function for VREF input voltage ATT1 ATT2 Current setting reference voltage attenuation ratio Low Low 100% High Low 80% Low High 50% High High 20% 50ms/div ATT1 5V/div (LV8736V) VM=24V VREF=1V RF=0.47Ω ATT2 5V/div Motor Current Iout1 0.2A/div Iout2 0.2A/div 100% 50% Figure 17. Attenuation operation The formula used to calculate the output current when using the function for attenuating the VREF input voltage is given below. IOUT = (VREF/5) × (attenuation ratio) /RF resistance Example: At VREF of 1.5V, a reference voltage setting of 100% [(ATT1, ATT2) = (L, L) ] and an RF resistance of 0.5, the output current is set as shown below. IOUT = 1.5V/5 × 100%/0.5 = 0.6A If, in this state, (ATT1, ATT2) is set to (H, H), IOUT will be as follows : IOUT = 0.6A × 20% = 120mA In this way, the output current is attenuated when the motor holding current is supplied so that power can be conserved. 14/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note (5) Reset function Only STM mode is pin at the DCM mode BLK: It operates as a switch function of the time of the blanking. RST Operating mode Low Normal operation High Reset state RST RESET STEP MONI 1ch output 0% 2ch output Initial state Figure 18. Reset operation When the RST pin is set to High, the excitation position of the output is forcibly set to the initial state, and the MONI output is placed in the ON state. When RST is then set to Low, the excitation position is advanced by the next STEP input. (6) Output enable function Only STM mode is pin at the DCM mode CMK: It operates as current LIMIT mask function. OE Operating mode Low Output ON High Output OFF OE Power save mode STEP MONI 1ch output 0% 2ch output Output is high-impedance Figure 19. Output enable operation When the OE pin is set High, the output is forced OFF and goes to high impedance. However, the internal logic circuits are operating, so the excitation position proceeds when the STEP signal is input. Therefore, when OE is returned to Low, the output level conforms to the excitation position proceeded by the STEP input. 15/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note (7) Forward/reverse switching function FR Operating mode Low Clockwise (CW) High Counter-clockwise (CCW) FR CW mode CCW mode CW mode STEP Excitation position (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (5) (4) (3) (4) (5) 1ch output 2ch output Figure 20. FR operation The internal D/A converter proceeds by one bit at the rising edge of the input STEP pulse. In addition, CW and CCW mode are switched by setting the FR pin. In CW mode, the channel 2 current phase is delayed by 90° relative to the channel 1 current. In CCW mode, the channel 2 current phase is advanced by 90° relative to the channel 1 current. (8) Chopping frequency setting For constant-current control, this IC performs chopping operations at the frequency determined by the capacitor (Cchop) connected between the CHOP pin and GND. The chopping frequency is set as shown below by the capacitor (Cchop) connected between the CHOP pin and GND. Fchop = Ichop/ (Cchop × Vtchop × 2) (Hz) Ichop : Capacitor charge/discharge current, typ 10μA Vtchop : Charge/discharge hysteresis voltage (Vtup-Vtdown) , typ 0.5V For instance, when Cchop is 200pF, the chopping frequency will be as follows: Fchop = 10μA/ (200pF × 0.5V × 2) = 50kHz The higher the chopping frequency is, the greater the output switching loss becomes. As a result, heat generation issue arises. The lower the chopping frequency is, the lesser the heat generation becomes. However, current ripple occurs. Since noise increases when switching of chopping takes place, you need to adjust frequency with the influence to the other devices into consideration. The frequency range should be between 40kHz and 125kHz. (9) Blanking period If, when exercising PWM constant-current chopping control over the motor current, the mode is switched from decay to charge, the recovery current of the parasitic diode may flow to the current sensing resistance, causing noise to be carried on the current sensing resistance pin, and this may result in erroneous detection. To prevent this erroneous detection, a blanking period is provided to prevent the noise occurring during mode switching from being received. During this period, the mode is not switched from charge to decay even if noise is carried on the current sensing resistance pin. In the stepping motor driver mode (DM = Low or Open) of this IC, the blanking time is fixed at approximately 1μs. In the DC motor driver mode (DM = High), the blanking time can be switched to one of two levels using the RST/BLK pin. (Refer to "Blanking time switching function.") 16/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note (10)Output current vector locus (one step is normalized to 90 degrees) 100.0 θ0 θ1 θ8' (2-phase) θ2 θ3 θ4 θ5 θ6 Channel 1 phase current ratio (%) θ7 θ8 66.7 θ9 θ 10 θ 11 θ 12 33.3 θ 13 θ 14 θ 15 θ 16 0.0 0.0 33.3 66.7 100.0 Channel 2 current ratio (%) Figure 21. Current vector position Setting current ration in each Micro-step mode STEP 1/16 step (%) Channel 1 1/8 step (%) Quarter step (%) Half step (%) Full step (%) Channel 2 Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 1 Channel 2 100 0 100 0 100 0 98 20 92 38 92 38 83 55 70 70 70 70 70 70 55 83 38 92 38 92 20 98 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 1 100 10 2 98 20 3 96 29 4 92 38 5 88 47 6 83 55 7 77 63 8 70 70 9 63 77 10 55 83 11 47 88 12 38 92 13 29 96 14 20 98 15 10 100 16 0 100 Channel 1 Channel 2 100 100 17/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note (11)Excitation mode setting function MD1 MD2 Micro-step resolution (Excitation mode) LV8731 Low LV8732/34/36 Low Initial position LV8735 Channel 1 Channel 2 100% -100% 100% 0% 100% 0% 100% 0% Full step (2 phase excitation) High Low Half step (1-2 phase excitation) Low High High High Quarter step 1/8 Step (W1-2 phase excitation) (2W1-2 phase excitation) 1/16 step 1/8 step 1/16 step (4W1-2 phase excitation) (2W1-2 phase excitation) (4W1-2 phase excitation) This is the initial position of each excitation mode in the initial state after power-on and when the counter is reset. (12)Micro-step mode switching operation When micro-step mode is switched while the motor is rotating, each drive mode operates with the following sequence. Clockwise mode Before the micro-step mode changes Micro-step mode Position 1/16 step 1/8 step Quarter step Half step Full step 1/16 step Position after the micro-step mode is changed 1/8 step Quarter step Half step Full step 0-1 2 4 8 8’ 2-3 4 4 8 8’ 4-5 6 8 8 8’ 6-7 8 8 8 8’ 8-9 10 12 16 8’ 10-11 12 12 16 8’ 12-13 14 16 16 8’ 14-15 16 16 16 8’ 16 -14 -12 -8 -8’ 0 1 4 8 8’ 2 3 4 8 8’ 4 5 8 8 8’ 6 7 8 8 8’ 8 9 12 16 8’ 10 11 12 16 8’ 12 13 16 16 8’ 14 15 16 16 8’ 16 -15 -12 -8 -8’ 0 1 2 8 8’ 4 5 6 8 8’ 8 9 10 16 8’ 12 13 14 16 8’ 16 -15 -14 -8 -8’ 0 1 2 4 8 9 10 12 8’ 16 -15 -14 -12 -8’ 8’ 9 10 12 8’ 16 *As for 0 to 16, please refer to the step position of current ratio setting. If you switch micro-step mode while the motor is driving, the mode setting will be reflected from the next STEP and the motor advances to the closest excitation position at switching operation. 18/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note (13)Typical current waveform in each micro-step mode Full step (CW mode) STEP MONI （％） I1 100 0 （％）－100 100 I2 0 －100 Figure 22. Current waveform of Full step in CLK-IN Half step (CW mode) STEP MONI「 (%) 100 I1 0 －100 (%) 100 I2 0 －100 Figure 23. Current waveform of Half step in CLK-IN 19/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note Quarter step (CW mode) (Only LV8731/LV8732/LV8734/LV8736) STEP MONI (%) 100 I1 0 －100 (%) 100 0 I2 －100 Figure 24. Current waveform of Quarter step in CLK-IN 1/8 step (CW mode) (Only LV8732/LV8734/LV8735/LV8736) STEP MONI [%] 100 50 I1 0 -50 -100 [%] 100 50 I2 0 -50 -100 Figure 25. Current waveform of 1/8 step in CLK-IN 20/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note 1/16 step (CW mode) (Only LV8731/LV8735) STEP MONI [%] 100 50 I1 0 -50 -100 [%] 100 50 I2 0 -50 -100 Figure 26. Current waveform of 1/16 step in CLK-IN 21/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note (14)Current control operation specification (Sine wave increasing direction) STEP Set current Set current Coil current Forced CHARGE section Current mode CHARGE SLOW FAST CHARGE SLOW FAST (Sine wave decreasing direction) STEP Set current Coil current Forced CHARGE section Current mode CHARGE SLOW Set current FAST Forced CHARGE section FAST CHARGE SLOW Figure 27. Current control operation In each current mode, the operation sequence is as described below: At rise of chopping frequency, the CHARGE mode begins. (In the time defined as the “blanking time,” the CHARGE mode is forced regardless of the magnitude of the coil current (ICOIL) and set current (IREF).) The coil current (ICOIL) and set current (IREF) are compared in this blanking time. When (ICOIL < IREF) state exists; The CHARGE mode up to ICOIL IREF, then followed by changeover to the SLOW DECAY mode, and finally by the FAST DECAY mode for approximately 1s. When (ICOIL < IREF) state does not exist; The FAST DECAY mode begins. The coil current is attenuated in the FAST DECAY mode till one cycle of chopping is over. Above operations are repeated. Normally, the SLOW (+FAST) DECAY mode continues in the Triangle wave increasing direction, then entering the FAST DECAY mode till the current is attenuated to the set level and followed by the SLOW DECAY mode. 22/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note (15)Output transistor operation mode Charge increases current. Switch from Charge to Slow Decay 4. 5. FAST 6. VM VM VM OFF OFF U1 OFF U2 OUTA Current regeneration by Slow Decay OUTA L1 L2 RF OUTB OF F OFF L2 L1 RF L2 RF Current regeneration by Fast Decay Switch from Slow Decay to Fast Decay U2 OUTA OF F L1 OFF U1 OUTB ON OFF OFF U2 OUTB ON ON U1 Switch from Fast Decay to Charge Figure 28. Switching operation This IC controls constant current by performing chopping to output transistor. As shown above, by repeating the process from 1 to 6, setting current is maintained. Chopping consists of 3 modes: Charge/ Slow decay/ Fast decay. In this IC, for switching mode (No.2, 4, 6), there are “off period” in upper and lower transistor to prevent crossover current between the transistors. This off period is set to be constant (≈ 0.375μs) which is controlled by the internal logic. The diagrams show parasitic diode generated due to structure of MOS transistor. When the transistor is off, output current is regenerated through this parasitic diode. Output Transistor Operation Function OUTA→OUTB (CHARGE) Output Tr U1 U2 L1 L2 OUTB→OUTA (CHARGE) Output Tr U1 U2 L1 L2 CHARGE ON OFF OFF ON SLOW OFF OFF ON ON FAST OFF ON ON OFF CHARGE OFF ON ON OFF SLOW OFF OFF ON ON FAST ON OFF OFF ON 23/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note 10ms/div STEP 5V/div (LV8736V) VM=24V VREF=1V RF=0.47Ω CHOP=180pF Motor Current 0.2A/div CHOP 0.5V/div Sine wave increasing direction 10s/div Sine wave decreasing direction 10s/div STEP 5V/div Set Current Set Current STEP 5V/div Motor Current 100mA/div Motor Current 100mA/div CHOP 0.5V/div CHOP 0.5V/div Figure 29. Current control operation waveform Current mode 5s/div Motor Current 100mA/div CHOP 0.5V/div FAST CHARGE SLOW Figure 30. Chopping waveform Motor current switches to Fast Decay mode when triangle wave (CHOP) switches from Discharge to Charge. Approximately after 1μs, the motor current switches to Charge mode. When the current reaches to the setting current, it is switched to Slow Decay mode which continues over the Discharge period of triangle wave. 24/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note DCM mode (DM = High) (1) DCM mode output control logic Parallel input Output DC11 (21) DC12 (22) Low High Mode OUT1 (2) A OUT1 (2) B Low OFF OFF Standby Low High Low CW (Forward) Low High Low High CCW (Reverse) High High Low Low Brake (2) PWM control You can perform H-Bridge direct PWM control to DC11, DC12, DC21, and DC22 by inputting PWM signal. The maximum frequency of PWM signal is 200kHz. However, dead zone is generated when On-Duty is around 0%. Make sure to select optimum PWM frequency according to the target control range. Input-Output Characteristics of H-Bridge (Reference data) VM=24V,VREF=1.5V Forward/Reverse↔Brake Figure 31. PWM control characteristic 25/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note Forward ↔ Brake No load VM=24V, DC12=10kHz (DC11=H) 20s/div High High Low High DC11 5V/div DC12 5V/div OUTA 10V/div OUTB 10V/div Forward Brake Figure 32. Forward ↔ Brake control waveform Forward ↔ Standby No load VM=24V, DC11=10kHz (DC12=L) 20s/div High Low Low Low DC11 5V/div DC12 5V/div OUTA 10V/div OUTB 10V/div Forward Standby Coil load VM=24V, DC11=10kHz (DC12=L) 0.5s/div 20s/div Forward Without load (no current), even if the counterpart transistor is on, output turns off at a MIN time (≈1us) Standby Current=0A DC11 5V/div Motor Current 200mA/div OUTA 10V/div OUTB 10V/div Counterpart transistor ON Counterpart transistor ON Standby mode turns on the counterpart transistor (synchronous rectification) . After motor current fades off, output turns off. Synchronous rectification reduces heat generation compared to diode regeneration. Figure 33. Forward ↔ Standby control waveform 26/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note When you drive DC motor, caution is required to switch motor rotation from forward to reverse because when doing so, electromotive force (EMF) is generated and in some cases, current can exceed the ratings which may lead to the destruction and malfunction of the IC . Coil current (lout) for each operation is obtained as follows when switching motor rotation from forward to reverse. Starting up motor operation Coil current Iout = ( VCC – EMF ) / coil resistance At startup, Iout is high because EMF is 0. As the motor starts to rotate, EMF becomes higher and Iout becomes lower. When switching motor rotation from forward to reverse: Coil current Iout = ( VCC + EMF ) / coil resistance When EMF is nearly equal to VCC at a max, make sure that the current does not exceed Iomax since a current which is about double the startup current may flow at reverse brake. Short brake: Coil current: Iout = EMF / coil resistance Since EMF is 0 when the rotation of motor stops, Iout is 0 as well. When you switch motor rotation form forward to reverse, if Iout is higher than Iomax, you can operate short brake mode between forward and reverse either to slow down or stop the motor. Forward → Reverse Forward → Brake → Reverse 100ms/div Standby Forward Reverse DC11 5V/div 100ms/div DC12 5V/div Standby Forward Reverse Motor current 0.5A/div Inrush current Motor current Iout when switching from forward to reverse RF=GND Figure 34. Without Brake mode Brake RF=GND Figure 35. With Brake mode 27/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note (3) Current limit reference voltage setting function By setting a current limit, this IC automatically exercises short braking control to ensure that when the motor current has reached this limit, the current will not exceed it. (Current limit control time chart) Set current Current mode Coil current Forced CHARGE section fchop Current mode CHARGE SLOW 500s/div (LV8736V) VM=24V VREF=2V RF=0.47Ω ATT1=ATT2=L DC motor load High DC11 5V/div Low DC12 5V/div Brush noise Current limit Motor Current 0.5A/div Forward Brake Figure 36. Current limit operation The limit current is set as calculated on the basis of the voltage input to the VREF pin and the resistance between the RF pin and GND using the formula given below. Ilimit = (VREF/5) /RF resistance The voltage applied to the VREF pin can be switched to any of the four setting levels depending on the statuses of the two inputs, ATT1 and ATT2. Function for attenuating VREF input voltage ATT1 ATT2 Current setting reference voltage attenuation ratio Low Low 100% High Low 80% Low High 50% High High 20% The formula used to calculate the output current when using the function for attenuating the VREF input voltage is given below. Ilimit = (VREF/5) × (attenuation ratio) /RF resistance Example: At VREF of 1.5V, a reference voltage setting of 100% [ (ATT1, ATT2) = (L, L) ] and an RF resistance of 0.5, the output current is set as shown below. Ilimit = 1.5V/5 × 100%/0.5 = 0.6A If, in this state, (ATT1, ATT2) has been set to (H, H), Ilimit will be as follows: Ilimit = 0.6A × 20% = 120mA 28/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note (4) Current LIMIT mask function (Only LV8734/LV8735/LV8736) Only the DCM mode. At STM mode OE pin : It operates as output enable function. The mask can do current LIMIT function during the fixed time set with the CMK pin at the DCM mode. It is effective to make it not hang to the limiter by the start current of the motor to set current LIMIT low. The charge is begun, current LIMIT function is done to the CMK capacitor meanwhile when switching to forward/ reverse mode, and the mask is done. Afterwards, the mask is released when the voltage of the CMK pin reaches set voltage (typ 1.5V) , and the current limit function works. When 2ch side begins forward (reverse) operation while the mask on 1ch side is operating, the CMK pin is discharged one degree up to a constant voltage, and begins charging again because the CMK pin becomes 2ch using combinedly. Meanwhile, 1ch side and 2ch side enter the state of the mask. 1ch operate brake forward 2ch operate brake forward brake forward brake brake forward brake 1.5V CMK (capacitor) 1ch current limit 2ch current limit 0.3V release mask release mask release mask mask mask release mask Figure 37. Current limit mask function timing chart DC11 5V/div 500s/div Standby Forward 100s/div DC12 5V/div Current Limit Motor Current 200mA/div 1.5V CMK 1V/div Current limit mask (LV8736V) VM=24V VREF=1V RF=0.47Ω CMK=0.01μF Figure 38. Current limit mask waveform When the capacitor is not connected, the function of LIMIT in the current can be switched to operation/non-operating state by the state of the input of the CMK pin. CMK Current LIMIT function “L” Non-operating “H” or OPEN Operation (5) Current LIMIT mask time (Tcmk) (Only LV8734/LV8735/LV8736) The time of the mask of current LIMIT function can be set by connecting capacitor CCMK between CMK pin - GND. Decide the value of capacitor CCMK according to the following expressions. Mask time : TCMK TCMK -CCMK R 1n ( 1- VtCMK / (ICMK R ) ) (sec) VtCMK : LIMIT mask threshold voltage typ. 1.5V ICMK : CMK pin charge current typ. 25μA R : Internal resistance typ. 100k 29/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note (6) Blanking time switching function Only the DCM mode. At STM mode RST pin: It operates as RESET function. BLK Blanking time Low 2μs High 3μs 5s/div Iout 100mA/div BLK:Low VOUT 10V/div 2μs Iout 100mA/div BLK:High VOUT 10V/div 3μs Figure 39. Blanking time waveform (7) DC motor parallel connection By connecting OUT1A and OUT2A as well as OUT2A and OUT2B, you can double the current capability. However, you cannot use current limit function. (RF=GND) DC×2 DC×1 1 VG OUT1A 44 2 VM OUT1A 43 3 CP2 PGND 42 4 CP1 NC 41 5 VREG5 Double NC 40 6 ATT2 VM1 39 7 ATT1 VM1 38 8 EMO RF1 37 9 CEM RF1 36 10 EMM OUT1B 35 11 CHOP 12 MONI LV873XV 13 RST/BLK 14 STEP/DC22 OUT1B 34 OUT2A 33 OUT2A 32 RF2 31 15 FR/DC21 RF2 30 16 MD2/DC12 VM2 29 17 MD1/DC11 VM2 28 18 DM 19 OE/CMK 20 ST M NC 27 NC 26 PGND 25 21 VREF OUT2B 24 22 GND OUT2B 23 Figure 40. Parallel connection at DCM Current Ability (Iomax) LV8731 LV8732 LV8734 LV8735 LV8736 OUT1 2A 2A 1.5A 1A 1A OUT2 2A 2A 1.5A 1A 1A OUT1/2 (Parallel Connect) 4A 4A 3A 2A 2A 30/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note (8) Typical current waveform in each micro-step mode when stepping motor parallel input control Full step (CW mode) DC11 DC12 DC21 DC22 （％） 100 I1 0 （％）－100 100 I2 0 －100 Figure 41. Current waveform of Full step in Parallel input Half step full torque (CW mode) DC11 DC12 DC21 DC22 (%) 100 I1 0 －100 (%) 100 I2 0 －100 Figure 42. Current waveform of Half step in Parallel input 31/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note Output short-circuit protection function This IC incorporates an output short-circuit protection circuit that, when the output has been shorted by an event such as shorting to power or shorting to ground, sets the output to the standby mode and turns on the warning output in order to prevent the IC from being damaged. In the stepping motor driver (STM) mode (DM = Low), this function sets the output to the standby mode for both channels by detecting the short-circuiting in one of the channels. In the DC motor driver mode (DM = High), channels 1 and 2 operate independently. (Even if the output of channel 1 has been short-circuited, channel 2 will operate normally.) (1) Output short-circuit detection operation Short to Power VM VM Tr1 Tr1 Tr3 ON OUTA 1.High current flows if OUTB short to VM and Tr4 are ON. 2.If RF voltage> setting voltage, then the mode switches to SLOW decay. 3.If the voltage between D and S of Tr4 exceeds the reference voltage for 2μs, short status is detected. OFF OUTA OFF OUTB M Tr2 OFF Tr3 Tr4 Tr2 ON ON OFF OUTB M Tr4 ON RF RF Short-circuit Detection Short to GND Short-circuit Detection VM Tr1 ON OUTA Short-circuit Detection Tr3 M Tr2 OFF RF OFF OUTB VM Tr1 ON OUTA Tr4 Tr2 ON OFF Tr3 M OFF OUTB Tr4 ON RF Load short (left schematic) 1.High current flows if OUTA short to GND and Tr1 are ON 2. If the voltage between D and S of Tr1 exceeds the reference voltage for 2μs, short status is detected. (right schematic) 1.Without going through RF resistor, current control does not operate and current will continue to increase in CHARGE mode. 2. If the voltage between D and S of Tr1 exceeds the reference voltage for 2μs, short status is detected. 1.Without L load, high current flows. 2. If RF voltage> setting voltage, then the mode switches to SLOW decay. 3.During load short stay in SLOW decay mode, current does not flow and over current state is not detected. Then the mode is switched to FAST decay according to chopping cycle. 4. Since FAST state is short (≈1μs), switches to CHARGE mode before short is detected. 5.If voltage between D and S exceeds the reference voltage continuously during blanking time at the start of CHARGE mode (Tr1), CHARGE state is fixed (even if RF voltage exceeds the setting voltage, the mode is not switched to SLOW decay). After 2us or so, short is detected. (2) Output short-circuit protection detect current (Reference value) 32/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note Short protector operates when abnormal current flows into the output transistor. Ta = 25°C (typ) Output Transistor LV8731/LV8732 LV8734 LV8735/LV8736 Upper-side Transistor 4.0A 2.5A 2.5A Lower-side Transistor 3.6A 2.5A 2.6A *RF=GND Figure 43. Detect current vs temperature 33/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note (3) Output short-circuit protection operation changeover function Changeover to the output short-circuit protection of IC is made by the setting of EMM pin. EMM State Low or Open Latch method High Auto reset method (4) Latch type In the latch mode, when the output current exceeds the detection current level, the output is turned OFF, and this state is held. The detection of the output short-circuited state by the IC causes the output short-circuit protection circuit to be activated. When the short-circuited state continues for the period of time set using the internal timer (approximately 2μs) , the output in which the short-circuiting has been detected is first set to OFF. After this, the output is set to ON again as soon as the timer latch time (Tcem) described later has been exceeded, and if the short-circuited state is still detected, all the outputs of the channel concerned are switched to the standby mode, and this state is held. This state is released by setting ST to low. Output ON H-bridge output state Output ON Output OFF Standby state Threshold voltage CEM voltage Short-circuit detection state Short- Release circuit Short-circuit Internal counter 1st counter start 1st counter 1st counter stop start 1st counter end 2nd counter start 2nd counter end Figure 44. CEM operation timing chart in latch type (5) Auto reset type In the automatic reset mode, when the output current exceeds the detection current level, the output waveform changes to the switching waveform. As with the latch system, when the output short-circuited state is detected, the short-circuit protection circuit is activated. When the operation of the short-circuit detection circuit exceeds the timer latch time (Tcem) described later, the output is changed over to the standby mode and is reset to the ON mode again in 2ms (typ). In this event, if the over current mode still continues, the switching mode described above is repeated until the over current mode is canceled. 34/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note (6) Timer latch time (Tcem) The time taken for the output to be set to OFF when the output has been short-circuited can be set using capacitor Ccem, connected between the CEM pin and GND. The value of capacitor Ccem is determined by the formula given below. Timer latch : Tcem Tcem Ccem Vtcem/Icem [sec] Vtcem : Comparator threshold voltage, typ 1V Icem : CEM pin charge current, typ 10μA When you do not connect CEM capacitor (CEM=open) and short state continues for 2us, output turns OFF. Standby mode is set if short state continues even after the output is turn ON again. Latch type Auto reset type 5s/div 1ms/div OUT 10V/div OUT-GND short 1V st 1 counter 2μs nd 2 counter CEM 0.5V/div 2ms CEM charge EMO 5V/div Figure 45. CEM operation waveform (7) Unusual condition warning output pins (EMO, MONI) This IC is provided with the EMO pin which notifies the CPU of an unusual condition if the protection circuit operates by detecting an unusual condition of the IC. This pin is of the open-drain output type and when an unusual condition is detected, the EMO output is placed in the ON (EMO = Low) state. In the DC motor driver mode (DM = High), the MONI pin also functions as a warning output pin. The functions of the EMO pin and MONI pin change as shown below depending on the state of the DM pin. When the DM is low (STM mode): EMO : Unusual condition warning output pin MONI : Excitation initial position detection monitoring When the DM is high (DCM mode): EMO : Channel 1 warning output pin MONI : Channel 2 warning output pin Furthermore, the EMO (MONI) pin is placed in the ON state when one of the following conditions occurs. 1. Shorting-to-power, shorting-to-ground, or shorting-to-load occurs at the output pin and the output short-circuit protection circuit is activated. 2. The IC junction temperature rises and the thermal protection circuit is activated. Unusual condition DM = L (STM mode) DM = H (DCM mode) EMO MONI EMO Channel 1 short-circuit detected ON - ON MONI - Channel 2 short-circuit detected ON - - ON Overheating condition detected ON - ON ON 35/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note Charge Pump Circuit When the ST pin is set High, the charge pump circuit operates and the VG pin voltage is boosted from the VM voltage to the VM + VREG5 voltage. Because the output is not turned on if VM+4V or more is not pressured, the voltage of the VG pin recommends the drive of the motor to put the time of tONG or more, and to begin. ST VG pin voltage VM+VREG5 VM+4V VM tONG Figure 46. VG pin voltage schematic view VG voltage is used to drive upper output FET and VREG5 voltage is used to drive lower output FET. Since VG voltage is equivalent to the addition of VM and VREG5 voltage, VG capacitor should allow higher voltage. The capacitor between CP1 and CP2 is used to boost charge pump. Since CP1 oscillates with 0V↔VREG5 and CP2 with VM↔VM+VREG5, make sure to allow enough capacitance between CP1 and CP2. Since the capacitance is variable depends on motor types and driving methods, please check with your application before you define constant to avoid ripple on VG voltage. (Recommended value) VG: 0.1μF CP1-CP2: 0.1μF tONG Startup time with different VG capacitor 50s/div ST 5V/div 500s/div VG 5V/div VM+4V Vout 10V/div 0.1F /300us 0.22F /620us 1F /2.9ms tONG VM=24V CP1-CP2=0.1μF VG=0.1μF VM=24V CP1-CP2=0.1F VG=0.1F/0.22F/1F Figure 47. VG voltage pressure waveform 36/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note Thermal shutdown function The thermal shutdown circuit is incorporated and the output is turned off when junction temperature Tj exceeds 180C and the abnormal state warning output is turned on. As the temperature falls by hysteresis, the output turned on again (automatic restoration). The thermal shutdown circuit does not guarantee the protection of the final product because it operates when the temperature exceed the junction temperature of Tjmax=150C. TSD = 180C (typ) TSD = 40C (typ) 37/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note Application Circuit Example Stepping motor driver circuit (DM = Low) <LV8731V/LV8732V> 0.1μF 1 VG OUT1A 44 2 VM OUT1A 43 3 CP2 PGND 42 4 CP1 NC 41 5 VREG5 NC 40 6 ATT2 VM1 39 7 ATT1 VM1 38 8 EMO RF1 37 9 CEM RF1 36 10 EMM OUT1B 35 11 CHOP OUT1B 34 12 MONI OUT2A 33 13 RST/BLK OUT2A 32 0.1μF 0.1μF 24V Short-circuit state detection monitor 47kΩ 100pF 10μF 0.22Ω 180pF Position detection monitor Clock input Logic input 1.5V 14 STEP/DC22 RF2 31 15 FR/DC21 RF2 30 16 MD2/DC12 VM2 29 17 MD1/DC11 VM2 28 18 DM NC 27 19 OE NC 26 20 ST PGND 25 21 VREF OUT2B 24 22 GND OUT2B 23 M 0.22Ω The formula for setting the constants in the examples of the application circuits above are as follows: Constant current (100%) setting When VREF = 1.5V IOUT = VREF/5/RF resistance = 1.5V/5/0.22 = 1.36A Chopping frequency setting Fchop = Ichop/ (Cchop × Vtchop × 2) = 10μA/ (180pF × 0.5V × 2) = 55kHz Timer latch time when the output is short-circuited Tcem = Ccem × Vtcem/Icem = 100pF × 1V/10μA = 10μs 38/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note Stepping motor driver circuit (DM = Low) <LV8734V> 0.1μF 1 VG OUT1A 44 2 VM OUT1A 43 3 CP2 PGND 42 4 CP1 NC 41 5 VREG5 NC 40 6 ATT2 VM1 39 7 ATT1 VM1 38 8 EMO RF1 37 9 CEM RF1 36 10 EMM OUT1B 35 11 CHOP OUT1B 34 12 MONI OUT2A 33 13 RST/BLK OUT2A 32 0.1μF 0.1μF 24V Short-circuit state detection monitor 47kΩ 100pF 10μF 0.22Ω 180pF Position detection monitor Clock input Logic input 14 STEP/DC22 RF2 31 15 FR/DC21 RF2 30 16 MD2/DC12 VM2 29 17 MD1/DC11 VM2 28 18 DM NC 27 19 OE/CMK NC 26 20 ST 1.0V M 0.22Ω PGND 25 21 VREF OUT2B 24 22 GND OUT2B 23 The formula for setting the constants in the examples of the application circuits above are as follows: Constant current (100%) setting When VREF = 1.5V IOUT = VREF/5/RF resistance = 1.0V/5/0.22 = 0.91A Chopping frequency setting Fchop = Ichop/ (Cchop × Vtchop × 2) = 10μA/ (180pF × 0.5V × 2) = 55kHz Timer latch time when the output is short-circuited Tcem = Ccem × Vtcem/Icem = 100pF × 1V/10μA = 10μs 39/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note Stepping motor driver circuit (DM = Low) <LV8735V/LV8736V> 0.1μF 1 VG OUT1A 44 2 VM OUT1A 43 3 CP2 PGND 42 4 CP1 NC 41 5 VREG5 NC 40 6 ATT2 VM1 39 7 ATT1 VM1 38 8 EMO RF1 37 9 CEM RF1 36 10 EMM OUT1B 35 11 CHOP OUT1B 34 12 MONI OUT2A 33 13 RST/BLK OUT2A 32 0.1μF 0.1μF 24V Short-circuit state detection monitor 47kΩ 100pF 10μF 0.47Ω 180pF Position detection monitor Clock input Logic input 14 STEP/DC22 RF2 31 15 FR/DC21 RF2 30 16 MD2/DC12 VM2 29 17 MD1/DC11 VM2 28 18 DM NC 27 19 OE/CMK NC 26 20 ST 1.5V M 0.47Ω PGND 25 21 VREF OUT2B 24 22 GND OUT2B 23 The formula for setting the constants in the examples of the application circuits above are as follows: Constant current (100%) setting When VREF = 1.5V IOUT = VREF/5/RF resistance = 1.5V/5/0.47 = 0.64A Chopping frequency setting Fchop = Ichop/ (Cchop × Vtchop × 2) = 10μA/ (180pF × 0.5V × 2) = 55kHz Timer latch time when the output is short-circuited Tcem = Ccem × Vtcem/Icem = 100pF × 1V/10μA = 10μs 40/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note DC motor driver circuit (DM = High, and the current limit function is in use.) <LV8731V/LV8732V> 0.1μF 1 VG OUT1A 44 2 VM OUT1A 43 3 CP2 PGND 42 4 CP1 NC 41 5 VREG5 NC 40 0.1μF 0.1μF M 24V 47kΩ Channel 1 short-circuit state detection monitor 6 ATT2 VM1 39 7 ATT1 VM1 38 8 EMO RF1 37 9 CEM RF1 36 10 EMM OUT1B 35 11 CHOP OUT1B 34 12 MONI OUT2A 33 13 RST/BLK OUT2A 32 100pF 10μF 0.22Ω 180pF Channel 2 short-circuit state detection monitor Logic input 14 STEP/DC22 RF2 31 15 FR/DC21 RF2 30 16 MD2/DC12 VM2 29 17 MD1/DC11 VM2 28 0.22Ω M 1.5V 18 DM NC 27 19 OE NC 26 20 ST PGND 25 21 VREF OUT2B 24 22 GND OUT2B 23 The formula for setting the constants in the examples of the application circuits above are as follows: Constant current limit (100%) setting When VREF = 1.5V Ilimit = VREF/5/RF resistance = 1.5V/5/0.22 = 1.36A Chopping frequency setting Fchop = Ichop/ (Cchop × Vtchop × 2) = 10μA/ (180pF × 0.5V × 2) = 50kHz Timer latch time when the output is short-circuited Tcem = Ccem × Vtcem/Icem = 100pF × 1V/10μA = 10μs 41/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note DC motor driver circuit (DM = High, and the current limit function is in use.) <LV8734V> 0.1μF 1 VG OUT1A 44 2 VM OUT1A 43 3 CP2 PGND 42 4 CP1 NC 41 5 VREG5 NC 40 0.1μF 0.1μF M 24V 47kΩ Channel 1 short-circuit state detection monitor 6 ATT2 VM1 39 7 ATT1 VM1 38 8 EMO RF1 37 9 CEM RF1 36 10 EMM OUT1B 35 11 CHOP OUT1B 34 12 MONI OUT2A 33 13 RST/BLK OUT2A 32 100pF 10μF 0.22Ω 180pF Channel 2 short-circuit state detection monitor Logic input 14 STEP/DC22 RF2 31 15 FR/DC21 RF2 30 16 MD2/DC12 VM2 29 17 MD1/DC11 VM2 28 0.22Ω M 0.01uF 18 DM NC 27 19 OE/CMK NC 26 20 ST 1.0V PGND 25 21 VREF OUT2B 24 22 GND OUT2B 23 The formula for setting the constants in the examples of the application circuits above are as follows: Constant current limit (100%) setting When VREF = 1.5V Ilimit = VREF/5/RF resistance = 1.0V/5/0.22 = 0.91A Chopping frequency setting Fchop = Ichop/ (Cchop × Vtchop × 2) = 10μA/ (180pF × 0.5V × 2) = 55kHz Timer latch time when the output is short-circuited Tcem = Ccem × Vtcem/Icem = 100pF × 1V/10μA = 10μs 42/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note DC motor driver circuit (DM = High, and the current limit function is in use.) <LV8735V/LV8736V> 0.1μF 1 VG OUT1A 44 2 VM OUT1A 43 3 CP2 PGND 42 4 CP1 NC 41 5 VREG5 NC 40 0.1μF 0.1μF M 24V 47kΩ Channel 1 short-circuit state detection monitor 6 ATT2 VM1 39 7 ATT1 VM1 38 8 EMO RF1 37 9 CEM RF1 36 10 EMM OUT1B 35 11 CHOP OUT1B 34 12 MONI OUT2A 33 13 RST/BLK OUT2A 32 100pF 10μF 0.47Ω 180pF Channel 2 short-circuit state detection monitor Logic input 14 STEP/DC22 RF2 31 15 FR/DC21 RF2 30 16 MD2/DC12 VM2 29 17 MD1/DC11 VM2 28 0.47Ω M 0.01uF 18 DM NC 27 19 OE/CMK NC 26 20 ST 1.5V PGND 25 21 VREF OUT2B 24 22 GND OUT2B 23 The formula for setting the constants in the examples of the application circuits above are as follows: Constant current limit (100%) setting When VREF = 1.5V Ilimit = VREF/5/RF resistance = 1.5V/5/0.47 = 0.64A Chopping frequency setting Fchop = Ichop/ (Cchop × Vtchop × 2) = 10μA/ (180pF × 0.5V × 2) = 55kHz Timer latch time when the output is short-circuited Tcem = Ccem × Vtcem/Icem = 100pF × 1V/10μA = 10μs 43/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note Allowable power dissipation The pad on the backside of the IC functions as heatsink by soldering with the board. Since the heat-sink characteristics vary depends on board type, wiring and soldering, please perform evaluation with your board for confirmation. Specified circuit board: 90mm x 90mm x 1.6mm, glass epoxy 2-layer board LV8731V/LV8732V Pd max – Ta Allowable power dissipation, Pd max – W 4.0 *1 With components mounted on the exposed die-pad board *2 With no components mounted on the exposed die-pad board Two-layer circuit board 1 *1 3.25 3.0 Two-layer circuit board 2 *2 2.20 2.0 1.69 1.14 1.0 0 – 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Ambient temperature, Ta – °C LV8734V Pd max - Ta Allowable power dissipation, Pd max - W 4.0 *1 With components mounted on the exposed die-pad board *2 With no components mounted on the exposed die-pad board 3.25 Two-layer circuit board 1 *1 3.0 Two-layer circuit board 2 *2 2.20 2.0 1.69 1.14 1.0 0 —20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Ambient temperature, Ta - C LV8735V/LV8736V Pd max - Ta Allowable power dissipation, Pd max - W 4.0 *1 With components mounted on the exposed die-pad board *2 With no components mounted on the exposed die-pad board 3.05 3.0 2.30 Two-layer circuit board 1 *1 Two-layer circuit board 2 *2 2.0 1.59 1.20 1.0 0 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Ambient temperature, Ta - C 44/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note Specified circuit board: 90mm x 90mm x 1.6mm, glass epoxy 4-layer board LV8731V/LV8732V with backside mounting no backside mounting LV8734V with backside mounting no backside mounting LV8735V/LV8736V with backside mounting no backside mounting 45/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note Substrate Specifications (Substrate recommended for operation of LV873XV) Size : 90mm × 90mm × 1.6mm (two-layer substrate [2S0P]) Material : Glass epoxy Copper wiring density : L1 = 85% / L2 = 90% L1 : Copper wiring pattern diagram L2 : Copper wiring pattern diagram Cautions 1) The data for the case with the Exposed Die-Pad substrate mounted shows the values when 90% or more of the Exposed Die-Pad is wet. 2) For the set design, employ the derating design with sufficient margin. Stresses to be derated include the voltage, current, junction temperature, power loss, and mechanical stresses such as vibration, impact, and tension. Accordingly, the design must ensure these stresses to be as low or small as possible. The guideline for ordinary derating is shown below: (1) Maximum value 80% or less for the voltage rating (2) Maximum value 80% or less for the current rating (3) Maximum value 80% or less for the temperature rating 3) After the set design, be sure to verify the design with the actual product. Confirm the solder joint state and verify also the reliability of solder joint for the Exposed Die-Pad, etc. Any void or deterioration, if observed in the solder joint of these parts, causes deteriorated thermal conduction, possibly resulting in thermal destruction of IC. 46/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note Allowable power dissipation in each PCB size (Reference value) 2-layer borad with backside mounting PCB(1) PCB(2) PCB(3) PCB size (1)90mmx90mmx1.6mm (2)70mmx70mmx1.6mm (3)60mmx60mmx1.6mm (4)50mmx50mmx1.6mm (5)40mmx40mmx1.6mm PCB(4) PCB(5) 4-layer borad with backside mounting PCB(1) PCB(2) PCB(3) PCB(4) PCB(5) 47/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note Evaluation board LV8731V (90.0mm90.0mm1.6mm, glass epoxy 2-layer board, with backside mounting) Bill of Materials for LV8731V Evaluation Board Designator Quantity C1 1 C2 1 C3 1 C4 1 C5 1 C6 1 R1 1 R2 1 R3 1 R4 1 Description Capacitor for Charge pump Capacitor for Charge pump VREG5 stabilization Capacitor Capacitor to set CEM timer Capacitor to set chopping frequency VM Bypass Capacitor Pull-up Resistor for for terminal EMO Pull-up Resistor for for terminal MONI Channel 1 output current detective Resistor Channel 2 output current detective Resistor Motor Driver Manufacturer Manufacturer Part Number Substitution Allowed Lead Free ±10% Murata GRM188R72A104KA35* Yes Yes 0.1µF, 100V ±10% Murata GRM188R72A104KA35* Yes Yes 0.1µF, 100V ±10% Murata GRM188R72A104KA35* Yes Yes 100pF, 50V ±5% Murata GRM1882C1H101JA01* Yes Yes ±5% Murata SUN Electronic Industries GRM1882C1H181JA01* Yes Yes Value Tolerance 0.1µF, 100V 180pF, 50V 10µF, 50V Footprint ±20% 50ME10HC Yes Yes 47kΩ, 1/10W ±5% KOA RK73B1JT**473J Yes Yes 47kΩ, 1/10W ±5% KOA RK73B1JT**473J Yes Yes 0.22Ω, 1W ±5% ROHM MCR100JZHJLR22 Yes Yes 0.22Ω, 1W ±5% ROHM ON Semiconductor MCR100JZHJLR22 Yes Yes LV8731V No Yes SSOP44 K(275mil) IC1 1 SW1-SW11 11 Switch MIYAMA MS-621C-A01 Yes Yes TP1-TP29 29 Test Point MAC8 ST-1-3 Yes Yes 48/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note Evaluation board circuit *VM Power supply input terminal 0.1uF 1 VG OUT1A 44 2 VM OUT1A 43 3 CP2 PGND 42 4 CP1 NC 41 5 VREG5 NC 40 (3) 6 ATT2 VM1 39 <4> 7 ATT1 VM1 38 C1 <2> 0.1uF C2 0.1uF C3 *VDD Power supply input terminal for Switch SW1 R1 R2 47ｋΩ 47ｋΩ SW2 100pF 10uF 8 EMO RF1 37 9 CEM RF1 36 10 EMM OUT1B 35 11 CHOP OUT1B 34 12 MONI OUT2A 33 13 RST/BLK OUT2A 32 0.22Ω R3 C4 SW3 180pF Motor connection terminal C6 <3> C5 (2) SW4 (1) SW5 SW6 <1> SW7 SW8 SW9 SW10 *VREF Constant Current Control for Reference Voltage SW11 14 STEP/DC22 RF2 31 15 FR/DC21 RF2 30 16 MD2/DC12 VM2 29 17 MD1/DC11 VM2 28 18 DM NC 27 19 OE NC 26 20 ST PGND 25 21 VREF OUT2B 24 22 GND OUT2B 23 【Stepping Motor】 VM=24V,VDD=5V,VREF=1.5V ST=H,DM=L EMM=L,RST/BLK=L,OE=L ATT1=ATT2=L, FR/DC21=L MD1/DC11=MD2/DC12=H STEP/DC22=500Hz(Duty50%) 20ms/div STEP 5V/div (2) MONI 5V/div (4) R4 (4) 【DC Motor(OUT1A-OUT1B)】 VM=24V,VDD=5V,VREF=1.5V ST=H,DM=H EMM=L,RST/BLK=L,OE=L ATT1=ATT2=L, FR/DC21=STEP/DC22=L MD1/DC11=H MD2/DC12=100kHz(Duty50%) (1) (3) 0.22Ω Iout1 1A/div Iout2 1A/div 2s/div <1> DC12 5V/div <2> OUT1A 10V/div <3> OUT1B 10V/div <4> Iout1 1A/div 49/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note Evaluation Board Manual [Supply Voltage] VM (9 to 32V): Power Supply for LSI VREF (0 to 3V): Const. Current Control for Reference Voltage VDD (2 to 5V): Logic “High” voltage for toggle switch [Toggle Switch State] Upper Side: High (VDD) Middle: Open, enable to external logic input Lower Side: Low (GND) [Operation Guide] For stepping motor control 1. Motor Connection: Connect the Motors between OUT1A and OUT1B, between OUT2A and OUT2B. 2. Initial Condition Setting: Set “Open” the toggle switch STEP/D22, and “Open or Low” the other switches. 3. Power Supply: Supply DC voltage to VM, VREF and VDD. 4. Ready for Operation from Standby State: Turn “High” the ST terminal toggle switch. Channel 1 and 2 are into 2-phase excitement initial position (100%, -100%) . 5. Motor Operation: Input the clock signal into the terminal STEP/DC22. 6. Other Setting i. ATT1, ATT2: Motor current attenuation. ii. EMM: Short circuit protection mode change. iii. RST/BLK: Initial Mode. iv. FR/DC21: Motor rotation direction (CW / CCW) setting. v. MD1/DC11, MD2/DC12: Excitation mode. vi. OE: Output enable. For DC motor control 1. Motor Connection: Connect the Motor(s) between OUT1A and OUT1B, between OUT2A and OUT2B. 2. Initial Condition Setting: Set “Open” the toggle switch DM, and “Open or Low” the other switches. 3. Power Supply: Supply DC voltage to VM, VREF and VDD. 4. Ready for Operation from Standby State: Turn “High” the ST terminal toggle switch. 5. Motor Operation: Set MD1/DC11, MD2/DC12, FR/DC21, and STEP/DC22 terminals according to the purpose. 6. Other Setting i. ATT1, ATT2: Motor current attenuation. ii. EMM: Short circuit protection mode change. iii. RST/BLK: Blanking time change. iv. OE: Output enable. [Setting for External Component Value] 1. Constant Current (100%) At VREF=1.5V Iout =VREF [V] / 5 / RF [] =1.5 [V] / 5 / 0.22 [] =1.36 [A] 2. Chopping Frequency Fchop =Ichop [μA] / (Cchop x Vt x 2) =10 [μA] / (180 [pF] x 0.5 [V] x 2) =55 [kHz] 3. Short Protection Latch Time Tscp =CEM [pF] x Vt[V] / Ichg [μA] =100 [pF] x 1 [V] / 10 [μA] =10 [μS] 50/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note Notes in design: ●Power supply connection terminal [VM, VM1, VM2] Make sure to short-circuit VM, VM1 and VM2.For controller supply voltage, the internal regulator voltage of VREG5 (typ 5V) is used. Make sure that supply voltage does not exceed the absolute MAX ratings under no circumstance. Noncompliance can be the cause of IC destruction and degradation. Caution is required for supply voltage because this IC performs switching. The bypass capacitor of the power supply should be close to the IC as much as possible to stabilize voltage. Also if you intend to use high current or back EMF is high, please augment enough capacitance. ●GND terminal [GND, PGND, Exposed Die-Pad] Since GND is the reference of the IC internal operation, make sure to connect to stable and the lowest possible potential. Since high current flows into PGND, connect it to one-point GND. The exposed die-pad is connected to the board frame of the IC. Therefore, do not connect it other than GND. Independent layout is preferable. If such layout is not feasible, please connect it to signal GND. Or if the area of GND and PGND is larger, you may connect the exposed die pad to the GND. (The independent connection of exposed die pad to PGND is not recommended.) ●Internal power supply regulator terminal [VREG5] VREG5 is the power supply for logic (typ 5V). When VM supply is powered and ST is ”H”, VREG5 operates. Please connect capacitor for stabilize VREG5. The recommendation value is 0.1μF. Since the voltage of VREG5 fluctuates, do not use it as reference voltage that requires accuracy. ●Input terminal The logic input pin incorporates pull-down resistor (100k). When you set input pin to low voltage, please short it to GND because the input pin is vulnerable to noise. The input is TTL level (H: 2V or higher, L: 0.8V or lower). VREF pin is high impedance. ●OUT terminal [OUT1A, OUT1B, OUT2A, OUT2B] During chopping operation, the output voltage becomes equivalent to VM voltage, which can be the cause of noise. Caution is required for the pattern layout of output pin. The layout should be low impedance because driving current of motor flows into the output pin. Output voltage may boost due to back EMF. Make sure that the voltage does not exceed the absolute MAX ratings under no circumstance. Noncompliance can be the cause of IC destruction and degradation. ●Current sense resistor connection terminal [RF1, RF2] To perform constant current control, please connect resistor to RF pin. To perform saturation drive (without constant current control), please connect RF pin to GND. If RF pin is open, then short protector circuit operates. Therefore, please connect it to resistor or GND. The motor current flows into RF – GND line. Therefore, please connect it to common GND line and low impedance line. ●NC terminal NC pin is not connected to the IC. If VM line and output line are wide enough in your layout, please use NC. 51/52 LV8731V/LV8732V/LV8734V/LV8735V/LV8736V Application Note ON Semiconductor and the ON logo are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC owns the rights to a number of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property. A listing of SCILLC’s product/patent coverage may be accessed at www.onsemi.com/site/pdf/Patent-Marking.pdf. SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. SCILLC products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the SCILLC product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use SCILLC products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold SCILLC and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that SCILLC was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. SCILLC is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. This literature is subject to all applicable copyright laws and is not for resale in any manner. 52/52