NSIC2030B: 120 Vac, Low-Cost, Dimmable, Linear, Parallel-to-Series LED Driving Circuit

DN05046/D
120 VAC, Low‐Cost,
Dimmable, Linear,
Parallel‐to‐Series
LED Driving Circuit
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DESIGN NOTE
Table 1. DEVICE DETAILS
Device
Application
Topology
Input Voltage
Input Power
Power Factor
THD
NSIC2030B
LED Lighting
Linear
100 to 130 VAC
6.7 W
0.97
24%
Overview
Key Circuit Features
This design is a low-cost, off-line, dimmable, linear LED
driver solution suitable for general illumination applications
in the commercial, industrial, and consumer market sectors.
The circuit uses the ON Semiconductor Constant Current
Regulator to control the current through the LEDs and to
protect against voltage surges. It is comprised of two sets of
LEDs that are switched between parallel and series
configurations when a threshold voltage is passed to provide
improved efficiency (tunable from 72% to 94%), power
factor, and total harmonic distortion attributes. The circuit is
completely functional with standard phase-cut dimmers for
incandescent lights. It is designed to function consistently
over a wide range of temperatures and has been proven from
−40 to +60°C.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
F1
D1
D3
D2
D4
Fully Functional with Standard Phase-cut Dimmers
High Light Output
Very Low-Cost
No Inductors
Power Factor = 0.97
Input Current THD = 24%
Efficiency = 72% (94% with Four LEDs per String)
Tested and Proven from −40 to +60°C
Wide Input Voltage Range
Constant Current and Protection for LEDs
Suitable for Small Form Factor Applications
Adaptable to Drive more LEDs
Vin
MOV1
LED1
R3
Q2
LED2
LED3
C1
R1
R4
Q3
D5
CCR2
CCR1
R5
M1
Q1
Z1
R2
C2
R6
D6
LED4
LED5
LED6
Figure 1. 2-stage Parallel-to-Series CCR Lighting Circuit
© Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2014
May, 2014 − Rev. 5
1
Publication Order Number:
DN05046/D
DN05046/D
Circuit Description
Circuit Data
The circuit consists of a full-wave bridge rectifier
(D1−D4), a threshold detection and switching circuit
(D5−D6, Q1−Q3, and M1), two LED strings (LED1−LED3
and LED4−LED6), and two ON Semiconductor Constant
Current Regulators (CCR1 and CCR2).
Table 3. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR THE
CIRCUIT SHOWN IN FIGURE 1
Criteria
Circuit Operation
Input Frequency (Hz)
The bridge rectifies the 60 Hz, 120 Vrms input providing
a 120 Hz half-sin waveform with a peak voltage of 170 V.
The bridge output is referenced from the cathodes of D3 and
D4 to the anodes of D1 and D2. The bridge output voltage
is applied across R1 and R2 creating a voltage divider. The
voltage at the junction of R1 and R2 is used to turn on Q1,
triggering the switching between the parallel and series
configurations. The voltage at which the circuit switches is
referenced as VSWITCH.
It is recommended that VSWITCH be set just above the
forward voltage of the two LED strings in series
configuration, which is about 110 V in the provided circuit.
Referring to Figure 1, VSWITCH depends on R1, R2, and the
VBE(sat) of Q1. This relationship is expressed by the
following equation:
Power (W)
ǒ
110 VAC
120 VAC
130 VAC
Result
Result
Result
60
60
60
6.11
6.72
7.28
Input Current (mArms)
57.1
57.4
57.3
Power Factor
0.970
0.972
0.974
THD (%, Input Irms)
25.0
24.1
23.3
Efficiency (%)
75.6
72.4
69.0
Product parametric performance is indicated in the Electrical
Characteristics for the listed test conditions, unless otherwise noted.
Product performance may not be indicated by the Electrical
Characteristics if operated under different conditions.
Dimmers Tested
Table 4. THE CIRCUIT WAS FULLY FUNCTIONAL
WITH EACH DIMMER TESTED
Dimmer
Cooper Aspire 9530
Ǔ
V SWITCH + V BE(sat) @ R1 ) R2
R2
GE DI 61
Kuei Lin AC 110 V, 500 W
Q1 is an ON Semiconductor MMBT3904L. A VBE(sat)
value of Q1 at 25°C is 0.68 V. With R1 = 1 MW and
R2 = 6.2 kW, VSWITCH is about 110 V.
When the bridge output voltage is less than 110 V, the two
LED strings are in parallel. As shown in Table 2, Q1 & Q2
are off and M1 & Q3 are on. D5 and D6 do not conduct
because they are reverse-biased. Z1 protects the gate of M1.
When the bridge output voltage is greater than 110 V, the
two LED strings are in series. Q1 & Q2 are on and M1 & Q3
are off. D5 and D6 conduct and join the two LED strings.
The circuit achieves an efficiency of 72%. Improved
efficiency of 94% is achievable by inserting an additional
LED in each string. However, with four LEDs per string,
power factor falls from 0.97 to 0.90, THD rises from 24% to
47%, and dimming performance is degraded.
Leviton 6615−POW
Leviton 6633−PLW
Leviton 6674 Universal
Leviton Illumatech IPI06
Leviton OC58L1
Lightolier CT600WC
Lutron CT−603PGH
Lutron CTCL−153PD
Lutron MAW−600H
Lutron TG−10PR
Lutron TG−600P−AC
Lutron TG−600PH
Lutron S−600PR
Table 2. STATES OF THE TRANSISTORS AND
CONNECTING DIODES IN PARALLEL AND SERIAL
OPERATION
Pass & Seymour D703PLAV
Pass & Seymour DCL453PTC
Pass & Seymour LS603PLAV
LED Configuration
Pass & Seymour LSLV603PWV
Parallel
Series
D5
Reverse-Biased
Forward-Biased
D6
Reverse-Biased
Forward-Biased
M1
On
Off
Q1
Off
On
Q2
Off
On
Q3
On
Off
Pass & Seymour WS703PW
SCT YM2508A
WattStopper DCD267 Universal
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DN05046/D
Representational Circuit Diagrams
Parallel Operation:
Bridge Output Voltage < 110 V
Series Operation:
Bridge Output Voltage > 110 V
LED1
LED1
LED2
LED2
LED3
LED3
Q3
D5
CCR1
CCR1
CCR2
CCR2
D6
M1
LED4
LED4
LED5
LED5
LED6
LED6
Figure 2. The Circuit Switches between Parallel and Series LED Configurations as the Bridge Output Voltage
Passes 110 Volts. Total Input Current is the Same in both Configurations.
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DN05046/D
Waveforms
Figure 3. The Voltage across each CCR Changes as the Circuit Switches between Parallel and Series.
Figure 4. The LEDs are On for almost the Entire Cycle. Each LED String Consists of Fhree Cree MX-S LEDs.
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DN05046/D
Figure 5. Q1 Switches as the Bridge Output Voltage Passes 110 V, Triggering the Switching of M1 and Q2.
Figure 6. Q2 Switches as the Bridge Output Voltage Passes 110 V in Order to Cause Q3 to Switch.
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DN05046/D
Figure 7. Q3 is Off when Q2 is On.
Figure 8. M1 is Pulled Low as Q1 Turns On.
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DN05046/D
Figure 9. The LED Current in each String is 30 mA in Parallel Configuration and 60 mA in Series Configuration.
Figure 10. The Circuit is Fully Functional with Standard Phase-cut Incandescent Dimmers.
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DN05046/D
Figure 11. The Current Waveforms Closely Track the Bridge Output Voltage as the Circuit is Dimmed.
Figure 12. At the Least Bright Setting, the Lights are Barely On. Total Input Current was 7.1 mArms.
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DN05046/D
Bill of Materials
Table 5. BILL OF MATERIALS FOR CIRCUIT SHOWN IN FIGURE 1
Designator
Qty
Description
Value
Tolerance
Manufacturer
Part Number
C1
1
Capacitor
2.2 nF, 250 V
−
Any
−
C2
1
Capacitor
1 nF, 10 V
−
Any
−
CCR1−CCR2
2
Constant Current
Regulator
120 V, 30 mA
±15%
ON Semiconductor
NSIC2030B
D1−D4
4
Diode
400 V, 1 A
−
ON Semiconductor
MRA4004
D5−D6
2
Diode
75 V, 200 mA
−
ON Semiconductor
BAS16H
F1
1
Fuse
250 Vac, 1 A
−
Any
−
LED1−LED6
6
LED
20 V, 175 mA
−
Cree
MX−6S
M1
1
N-MOSFET
100 V, 17 A
−
ON Semiconductor
NTD6416AN
MOV1
1
Varistor
150 V
−
Littelfuse
V150LA5P
Q1
1
NPN
40 V, 200 mA
−
ON Semiconductor
MMBT3904L
Q2
1
PNP
40 V, 200 mA
−
ON Semiconductor
MMBT3906L
Q3
1
PNP
150 V, 500 mA
−
ON Semiconductor
MMBT5401L
R1
1
Resistor
1 MW, 1/8 W
±1%
Any
−
R2
1
Resistor
6.2 kW, 1/8 W
±1%
Any
−
R3
1
Resistor
360 W, 1/8 W
±1%
Any
−
R4
1
Resistor
62 kW, 1/8 W
±1%
Any
−
R5
1
Resistor
10 W, 1/8 W
±10%
Any
−
R6
1
Resistor
150 kW, 1/8 W
±10%
Any
−
Z1
1
Zener Diode
15 Vz
±5%
ON Semiconductor
MMSZ15
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DN05046/D
ADDENDUM
Alternative Circuit
F1
D1
D3
D2
D4
Vin
MOV1
LED1
R8
LED2
LED3
Q4
R3
D5
R5
R1
C1
R6
CCR1
CCR2
R4
D6
Q2
LED4
Q1
Q3
R2
C2
LED5
LED6
R7
Figure 13. Alternative Circuit
Alternative Schematic Circuit Data
• With Hysteresis/EMI Suppression Resistor R4 (Table 6)
• Without Hysteresis/EMI Suppression Resistor R4 (Table 7)
Table 6. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR
ALTERNATIVE SCHEMATIC WITH R4
Input Frequency (Hz)
Table 7. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR
ALTERNATIVE SCHEMATIC WITHOUT R4
110 VAC
120 VAC
130 VAC
60
60
60
Input Frequency (Hz)
110 VAC
120 VAC
130 VAC
60
60
60
Power (W)
5.40
6.02
6.47
Power (W)
5.54
6.08
6.59
Input Current (mArms)
50.66
50.62
51.80
Input Current (mArms)
51.88
51.83
51.74
Power Factor
0.957
0.964
0.968
Power Factor
0.963
0.967
0.970
THD (%, Input Irms)
29.38
26.69
24.94
THD (%, Input Irms)
27.33
25.66
24.48
Efficiency (%)
82.2
78.9
73.1
Efficiency (%)
80.8
76.1
72.1
Product parametric performance is indicated in the Electrical
Characteristics for the listed test conditions, unless otherwise noted.
Product performance may not be indicated by the Electrical
Characteristics if operated under different conditions.
Product parametric performance is indicated in the Electrical
Characteristics for the listed test conditions, unless otherwise noted.
Product performance may not be indicated by the Electrical
Characteristics if operated under different conditions.
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DN05046/D
Bill of Materials
Table 8. BILL OF MATERIALS FOR ALTERNATIVE CIRCUIT
Designator
Qty
Description
Value
Tolerance
Manufacturer
Part Number
C1
1
Capacitor
2.2 nF, 250 V
−
Any
−
C2
1
Capacitor
1 nF, 10 V
Any
−
CCR1−CCR2
2
Constant Current
Regulator
120 V, 30 mA
±15%
ON Semiconductor
NSIC2030B
D1−D4
4
Diode
400 V, 1 A
−
ON Semiconductor
MRA4004
D5−D6
2
Diode
100 V, 200 mA
−
ON Semiconductor
MMBD914L
F1
1
Fuse
250 Vac, 1 A
−
Any
−
LED1−LED6
6
LED
20 V, 175 mA
−
Cree
MX−6S
MOV1
1
Varistor
150 V
−
Littelfuse
V150LA5P
Q1
1
NPN
40 V, 200 mA
−
ON Semiconductor
MMBT3904L
Q2
1
NPN
350 V, 100 mA
−
ON Semiconductor
MMBT6517L
Q3
1
NPN
150 V, 600 mA
−
ON Semiconductor
MMBT5550L
Q4
1
PNP
150 V, 500 mA
−
ON Semiconductor
MMBT5401L
R1
1
Resistor
1 MW, 1/8 W
±1%
Any
−
R2
1
Resistor
6.2 kW, 1/8 W
±1%
Any
−
R3
1
Resistor
301 kW, 1/8 W
±1%
Any
−
R4
1
Resistor
10 MW, 1/8 W
±5%
Any
−
R5
1
Resistor
27 kW, 1/8 W
±1%
Any
−
R6
1
Resistor
27 kW, 1/8 W
±1%
Any
−
R7
1
Resistor
2.2 kW, 1/8 W
±1%
Any
−
R8
1
Resistor
2.2 kW, 1/8 W
±1%
Any
−
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