AT42QT1070 - Complete

Atmel AT42QT1070
Seven-channel QTouch® Touch Sensor IC
DATASHEET
Features
 Configurations:


Comms mode
Standalone mode
 Number of Keys:


Comms mode: 1 – 7 keys (or 1 – 6 keys plus a Guard Channel)
Standalone mode: 1 – 4 keys plus a fixed Guard Channel on key 0
 Number of I/O Lines:

Standalone mode: 5 outputs
 Technology:

Patented spread-spectrum charge-transfer
 Key Outline Sizes:

6 mm x 6 mm or larger (panel thickness dependent); widely different sizes and
shapes possible
 Layers Required:

One
 Electrode Materials:

Etched copper; Silver; Carbon; Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)
 Panel Materials:

Plastic; Glass; Composites; Painted surfaces (low particle density metallic
paints possible
 Panel Thickness:

Up to 10 mm glass; Up to 5 mm plastic (electrode size dependent)
 Key Sensitivity:
Comms mode: individually settable via simple commands over I2C-compatible
interface
 Standalone mode: settings are fixed

 Interface:

I2C-compatible slave mode (400 kHz). Discrete detection outputs
 Signal Processing:

Self-calibration
Auto drift compensation
 Noise filtering
 Adjacent Key Suppression® (AKS®) – up to three groups possible

 Power:

1.8 V – 5.5 V
 Package:


14-pin SOIC RoHS compliant IC
20-pin VQFN RoHS compliant IC
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1.
Pinouts and Schematics
1.1
Pinout Configuration – Comms Mode (14-pin SOIC)
1.2
VDD
1
14
VSS
MODE (Vss)
2
13
KEY0
SDA
3
12
KEY1
RESET
4
11
KEY2
CHANGE
5
10
KEY3
SCL
6
9
KEY4
KEY6
7
8
KEY5
QT1070
Pinout Configuration – Standalone Mode (14-pin SOIC)
VDD
1
MODE (Vdd)
2
QT1070
14
VSS
13
KEY0
12
KEY1
OUT0
3
RESET
4
11
KEY2
OUT4
5
10
KEY3
OUT3
6
9
KEY4
OUT2
7
8
OUT1
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NC
NC
KEY5
KEY6
Pinout Configuration – Comms Mode (20-pin VQFN)
NC
20
19
18
17
16
KEY4
1
15
SCL
KEY3
2
14
CHANGE
KEY2
3
13
RESET
KEY1
4
12
SDA
KEY0
5
11
10
9
VDD
8
NC
NC
NC
OUT1
OUT2
Pinout Configuration – Standalone Mode (20-pin VQFN)
20
19
18
17
16
KEY4
1
15
OUT3
KEY3
2
14
OUT4
KEY2
3
13
RESET
KEY1
4
12
OUT0
KEY0
5
11
10
7
8
9
VSS
VDD
MODE (Vdd)
NC
6
NC
QT1070
NC
1.4
7
VSS
NC
6
MODE (Vss)
NC
QT1070
NC
1.3
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1.5
Pin Descriptions
Table 1-1.
Pin Listings (14-pin SOIC)
Pin
Name
(Comms
Mode)
Name
(Standalone
Mode)
Type
1
VDD
VDD
P
If Unused,
Connect
To...
Description
Power
–
Mode selection pin
2
MODE
MODE
I
–
Comms Mode – connect to Vss
Standalone Mode – connect to Vdd
Comms Mode – I2C data line
3
SDA
OUT0
OD
4
RESET
RESET
I
Standalone Mode – open drain output for guard
channel
Open
RESET – has internal pull-up 60 k resistor
Open
CHANGE line for controlling the communications
flow
5
CHANGE
OUT4
OD
Comms Mode – connect to CHANGE line
Open
Standalone Mode – connect to output
I
OD
Comms Mode – connect to I2C clock
6
SCL
OUT3
OD
7
KEY6
OUT2
O/OD
8
KEY5
OUT1
O/OD
9
KEY4
KEY4
O
Key 4
Open
10
KEY3
KEY3
O
Key 3
Open
11
KEY2
KEY2
O
Key 2
Open
12
KEY1
KEY1
O
Key 1
Open
13
KEY0
KEY0
O
Key 0
Open
14
VSS
VSS
P
Ground
Input only
Open drain output
O
P
Standalone Mode – connect to output
Comms Mode – connect to Key 6
Standalone Mode – connect to output
Comms Mode – connect to Key 5
Standalone Mode – connect to output
Open
Open
Open
–
Output only, push-pull
Ground or power
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Table 1-2.
Pin Listings (20-pin VQFN)
Pin
Name
(Comms
Mode)
Name
(Standalone
Mode)
If Unused,
Connect
To...
Type
1
KEY4
KEY4
O
Key 4
Open
2
KEY3
KEY3
O
Key 3
Open
3
KEY2
KEY2
O
Key 2
Open
4
KEY1
KEY1
O
Key 1
Open
5
KEY0
KEY0
O
Key 0
Open
6
NC
NC
–
Not connected
–
7
NC
NC
–
Not connected
–
8
VSS
VSS
P
Ground
–
9
VDD
VDD
P
Power
–
10
NC
NC
–
Not connected
–
Description
Mode selection pin
11
MODE
MODE
I
–
Comms Mode – connect to Vss
Standalone Mode – connect to Vdd
Comms Mode – I2C data line
12
SDA
OUT0
OD
13
RESET
RESET
I
Standalone Mode – open drain output for
guard channel
Open
RESET – has internal pull-up 60 k resistor
Open
CHANGE line for controlling the communications
flow
14
CHANGE
OUT4
OD
Comms Mode – connect to CHANGE line
Open
Standalone Mode – connects to output
I
OD
Comms Mode – connect to I2C clock
15
SCL
OUT3
OD
16
KEY6
OUT2
O/OD
17
KEY5
OUT1
O/OD
18
NC
NC
–
Not connected
–
19
NC
NC
–
Not connected
–
20
NC
NC
–
Not connected
–
Input only
Open drain output
O
P
Standalone Mode – connect to output
Comms Mode – connect to Key 6
Standalone Mode – connect to output
Comms Mode – connect to Key 5
Standalone Mode – connect to output
Open
Open
Open
Output only, push-pull
Ground or power
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1.6
Schematics
Figure 1-1. Typical Circuit – Comms (14-pin SOIC)
Vdd
C1
Vdd
1
Vss
RSCL
Vdd
Vdd
RSDA
RCHG
SCL
QT1070
RRST
6
7
Rs6
8
Rs5
9
Rs4
10
Rs3
11
Rs2
12
Rs1
13
Rs0
KEY6
KEY5
SDA
3
CHANGE
5
RESET
4
SDA
KEY4
CHANGE
KEY3
RESET
KEY2
KEY1
KEY0
SCL
K6
K5
K4
K3
K2
K1
K0
MODE (Vss)
Vss
14
2
Vss
Figure 1-2. Typical Circuit – Standalone (14-pin SOIC)
Vdd
C1
OUTPUTS
OUTPUTS
2
COUT0 and 4 are optional
MODE (Vdd)
COUT0
QT1070
COUT4
Vdd
ROUT0
Vss
3
R1
ROUT4
RESET
1
5
4
Vss
COUT1, 2 and 3 are optional
COUT3
Vdd
OUT3
6
ROUT3
OUT2
7
ROUT2
OUT1
8
ROUT1
9
Rs4
OUT0
KEY4
OUT4
KEY3
10
Rs3
RESET
KEY2
11
Rs2
KEY1
12
Rs1
KEY0
13
Rs0
COUT2
COUT1
Vss
K4
K3
K2
K1
K0
Vss
14
Vss
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Figure 1-3. Typical Circuit – Comms (20-pin VQFN)
Vdd
C1
9
Vss
Vdd
Vdd
Vdd
RCHG
RSDA
RSCL
QT1070
RRST
SCL
SDA
12
CHANGE
14
RESET
13
6
7
10
18
19
20
SDA
KEY6
CHANGE
KEY5
RESET
KEY4
N/C
KEY3
N/C
KEY2
N/C
KEY1
N/C
KEY0
15
16
Rs6
17
Rs5
1
Rs4
K6
K5
K4
2
Rs3
3
Rs2
4
Rs1
5
Rs0
K3
K2
K1
K0
N/C
N/C
Vss
MODE (Vss)
8
11
Vss
Figure 1-4. Typical Circuit – Standalone (20-pin VQFN)
Vdd
C1
OUTPUTS
OUTPUTS
11
COUT0 and 4 are optional
ROUT0
Vdd
9
MODE (Vdd)
COUT0
15
RsOUT3
16
RsOUT2
17
RLOUT1
KEY4
1
Rs4
OUT4
KEY3
2
Rs3
12
RESET
RESET
KEY2
3
Rs2
KEY1
4
Rs1
KEY0
5
Rs0
OUT2
OUT1
Vss
ROUT4
OUT3
14
13
6
7
10
18
19
20
OUT0
N/C
N/C
COUT1, 2 and 3 are optional
COUT3
Vdd
QT1070
COUT4
R1
Vss
COUT2
COUT1
Vss
K4
K3
K2
K1
K0
N/C
N/C
N/C
N/C
Vss
8
Vss
For component values in Figure 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, and 1-4, check the following sections:
Section 3.1 on page 12: Series resistors (Rs0 – Rs6 for comms mode and Rs0 – Rs4 for standalone mode)
Section 3.2 on page 12: LED traces
Section 3.4 on page 12: Power Supply (voltage levels)
Section 4.4 on page 14: SDA, SCL pull-up resistors
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2.
Overview
2.1
Introduction
The AT42QT1070 (QT1070) is a digital burst mode charge-transfer (QT™) capacitive sensor driver. The device can
sense from one to seven keys, dependent on mode.
The QT1070 includes all signal processing functions necessary to provide stable sensing under a wide variety of
changing conditions, and the outputs are fully debounced. Only a few external parts are required for operation and
no external Cs capacitors are required.
The QT1070 modulates its bursts in a spread-spectrum fashion in order to heavily suppress the effects of external
noise, and to suppress RF emissions. The QT1070 uses a dual-pulse method of acquisition. This provides greater
noise immunity and eliminates the need for external sampling capacitors, allowing touch sensing using a single pin.
2.2
Modes
2.2.1
Comms Mode
The QT1070 can operate in comms mode where a host can communicate with the device via an I2C bus. This allows
the user to configure settings for Threshold, Adjacent Key Suppression (AKS), Detect Integrator, Low Power (LP)
Mode, Guard Channel and Max Time On for keys.
2.2.2
Standalone Mode
The QT1070 can operate in a standalone mode where an I2C interface is not required. To enter standalone mode,
connect the Mode pin to Vdd before powering up the QT1070.
In standalone mode, the start-up values are hard coded in firmware and cannot be changed. The default start-up
values are used. This means that key detection is reported via their respective IOs. The Guard channel feature is
automatically implemented on key 0 in standalone mode. This means that this channel gets priority over all other
keys going into touch.
2.3
Keys
Dependent on mode, the QT1070 can have a minimum of one key and a maximum of seven keys. These can be
constructed in different shapes and sizes. See “Features” on page 1 for the recommended dimensions.

Comms mode – 1 to 7 keys (or 1 to 6 keys plus Guard Channel)

Standalone mode – 1 to 4 keys plus a Guard Channel
Unused keys should be disabled by setting the averaging factor to zero (see Section 5.9 on page 18).
The status register can be read to determine the touch status of the corresponding key. It is recommended using the
open-drain CHANGE line to detect when a change of status has occurred.
2.4
Input/Output (IO) Lines
There are no IO lines in comms mode.
In Standalone mode pins OUT0 – OUT4 can be used as open drain outputs for driving LEDs.
2.5
Acquisition/Low Power Mode (LP)
There are 255 different acquisition times possible. These are controlled via the LP mode byte (see Section 5.11 on
page 19) which can be written to via I2C communication.
LP mode controls the intervals between acquisition measurements. Longer intervals consume lower power but have
an increased response time. During calibration, touch and during the detect integrator (DI) period, the LP mode is
temporarily set to LP mode 1 for a faster response.
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The QT1070 operation is based on a fixed cycle time of approximately 8 ms. The LP mode setting indicates how
many of these periods exist per measurement cycle. For example, If LP mode = 1, there is an acquisition every cycle
(8 ms). If LP mode = 3, there is an acquisition every 3 cycles (24 ms). If a high Averaging Factor (see Section 5.9 on
page 18) setting is selected then the acquisition time may exceed 8 ms.
LP settings above mode 32 (256 ms) result in slower thermal drift compensation and should be avoided in
applications where fast thermal transients occur.
2.6
Adjacent Key Suppression (AKS) Technology
The device includes the Atmel-patented Adjacent Key Suppression (AKS) technology, to allow the use of tightly
spaced keys on a keypad with no loss of selectability by the user.
There can be up to three AKS groups, implemented so that only one key in the group may be reported as being
touched at any one time. Once a key in a particular AKS group is in detect no other key in that group can go into
detect. Only when the key in detect goes out of detection can another key go into detect state.
The keys which are members of the AKS groups can be set (see Section 5.9 on page 18). Keys outside the group
may be in detect simultaneously.
2.7
CHANGE Line (Comms Mode Only)
The CHANGE line is active low and signals when there is a change of state in the Detection or Input key status
bytes. It is cleared (allowed to float high) when the host reads the status bytes.
If the status bytes change back to their original state before the host has read the status bytes (for example, a touch
followed by a release), the CHANGE line will be held low. In this case, a read to any memory location will clear the
CHANGE line.
The CHANGE line is open-drain and should be connected via a 47 k resistor to Vdd. It is necessary for minimum
power operation as it ensures that the QT1070 can sleep for as long as possible. Communications wake up the
QT1070 from sleep causing a higher power consumption if the part is randomly polled.
Note:
The CHANGE line is pulled low 100 ms after power-up or reset.
2.8
Types of Reset
2.8.1
External Reset
An external reset logic line can be used if desired, fed into the RESET pin. However, under most conditions it is
acceptable to tie RESET to Vdd.
2.8.2
Soft Reset
The host can cause a device reset by writing a nonzero value to the RESET byte. This soft reset triggers the internal
watchdog timer on a 125 ms interval. After 125 ms the device resets and wakes again.
The device NACKs any attempts to communicate with it during the first 30 ms of its initialization period.
2.9
Calibration
Writing a non-zero value to the calibration byte can force a recalibration at any time. This can be useful to clear out a
stuck key condition after a prolonged period of uninterrupted detection.
Note:
A calibrate command clears all key status bits and the overflow bit (until it is checked on the next cycle).
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2.10
Guard Channel
A guard channel to help prevent false detection is available in both modes. This is fixed on key 0 for standalone
mode and programmable for comms mode.
Guard channel keys should be more sensitive than the other keys (physically bigger). Because the guard channel
key is physically bigger it becomes more susceptible to noise so it has a higher Averaging Factor (see Section 5.9 on
page 18) and a lower Threshold (see Section 5.8 on page 18) than the other keys. In standalone mode it has an
Averaging Factor of 16 and a Threshold of 10 counts.
A channel set as the guard channel (there can only be one) is prioritised when the filtering of keys going into detect
is taking place. So if a normal key is filtering into touch (touch present but DI has not been reached) and the key set
as the guard key begins filtering in, then the normal key’s filter is reset and the guard key filters in first.
The guard channel is connected to a sensor pad which detects the presence of touch and overrides any output from
the other keys.
Figure 2-1. Guard Channel Example
Guard channel
2.11
Signal Processing
2.11.1 Detect Threshold
The device detects a touch when the signal has crossed a threshold level and remained there for a specified number
of counts (see Section 5.10 on page 19). This can be altered on a key-by-key basis using the key threshold I2C
commands.
In standalone mode the detect threshold is set to a fixed value of 10 counts of change with respect to the internal
reference level for the guard channel and 20 counts for the other four keys. The reference level has the ability to
adjust itself slowly in accordance with the drift compensation mechanism.
The drift mechanism will drift toward touch at a rate of 160 ms × 18 = 2.88 seconds and away from touch at a rate of
160 ms × 6 = 0.96 seconds. The 160 ms is based on 20 × 8 ms cycles. If the cycle time exceeds 8 ms then the
overall times will be extended to match.
2.11.2 Detect Integrator
The device features a fast detection integrator counter (DI filter), which acts to filter out noise at the small expense of
a slower response time. The DI filter requires a programmable number of consecutive samples confirmed in
detection before the key is declared to be touched. The minimum number for the DI filter is 2. Settings of 0 and 1 for
the DI also default to 2.
The DI is also implemented when a touch is removed. This uses the Fast Out DI option. When bit 5 of Address 53 is
set the a key filters out with an integrator of 4.
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2.11.3 Cx Limitations
The recommended range for key capacitance Cx is 1 pF – 30 pF. Larger values of Cx will give reduced sensitivity.
2.11.4 Max On Duration
If an object or material obstructs the sense pad the signal may rise enough to create a detection, preventing further
operation. To prevent this, the sensor includes a timer which monitors detections. If a detection exceeds the timer
setting the sensor performs a key recalibration. This is known as the Max On duration feature and is set to
approximately 30 s in standalone mode.
In comms mode this feature can be changed by setting a value in the range 1 – 255
(160 ms – 40,800 ms) in steps of 160 ms. A setting of 0 disables the Max On Duration recalibration feature.
Note:
If bit 4 of address 53 is clear then a recalibration of all keys occurs on Max On Duration, otherwise individual
key recalibration occurs.
2.11.5 Positive Recalibration
If a keys signal jumps in the negative direction (with respect to its reference) by more than the Positive Recalibration
setting (4 counts), then a recalibration of that key takes place.
2.11.6 Drift Hold Time
Drift Hold Time (DHT) is used to restrict drift on all keys while one or more keys are activated. DHT restricts the
drifting on all keys until approximately four seconds after all touches have been removed.
This feature is particularly useful in cases of high-density keypads where touching a key or hovering a finger over the
keypad would cause untouched keys to drift, and therefore create a sensitivity shift, and ultimately inhibit touch
detection.
2.11.7 Hysteresis
Hysteresis is fixed at 12.5% of the Detect Threshold. When a key enters a detect state once the DI count has been
reached, the NTHR value is changed by a small amount (12.5% of NTHR) in the direction away from touch. This is
done to affect hysteresis and so makes it less likely a key will dither in and out of detect. NTHR is restored once the
key drops out of detect.+
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3.
Wiring and Parts
3.1
Rs Resistors
Series resistors Rs (Rs0 – Rs6 for comms mode and Rs0 – Rs4 for standalone mode) are in line with the electrode
connections and should be used to limit electrostatic discharge (ESD) currents and to suppress radio frequency
interference (RFI). Series resistors are recommended for noise reduction. They should be approximately 4.7 k to
20 k each.
3.2
LED Traces and Other Switching Signals
Digital switching signals near the sense lines induce transients into the acquired signals, deteriorating the signal-tonoise (SNR) performance of the device. Such signals should be routed away from the sensing traces and electrodes,
or the design should be such that these lines are not switched during the course of signal acquisition (bursts).
LED terminals which are multiplexed or switched into a floating state, and which are within, or physically very near, a
key (even if on another nearby PCB) should be bypassed to either Vss or Vdd with at least a 10 nF capacitor. This is
to suppress capacitive coupling effects which can induce false signal shifts. The bypass capacitor does not need to
be next to the LED, in fact it can be quite distant. The bypass capacitor is noncritical and can be of any type.
LED terminals which are constantly connected to Vss or Vdd do not need further bypassing.
3.3
PCB Cleanliness
Modern no-clean flux is generally compatible with capacitive sensing circuits.
CAUTION: If a PCB is reworked in any way, it is highly likely that the behavior of the
no-clean flux will change. This can mean that the flux changes from an inert material
to one that can absorb moisture and dramatically affect capacitive measurements
due to additional leakage currents. If so, the circuit can become erratic and exhibit
poor environmental stability.
If a PCB is reworked in any way, clean it thoroughly to remove all traces of the flux residue around the capacitive
sensor components. Dry it thoroughly before any further testing is conducted.
3.4
Power Supply
See Section 6.2 on page 22 for the power supply range. If the power supply fluctuates slowly with temperature, the
device tracks and compensates for these changes automatically with only minor changes in sensitivity. If the supply
voltage drifts or shifts quickly, the drift compensation mechanism is not able to keep up, causing sensitivity
anomalies or false detections.
The usual power supply considerations with QT parts apply to the device. The power should be clean and come from
a separate regulator if possible. However, this device is designed to minimize the effects of unstable power, and
except in extreme conditions should not require a separate Low Dropout (LDO) regulator.
CAUTION: A regulator IC shared with other logic can result in erratic operation and is
not advised.
A single ceramic 0.1 µF bypass capacitor, with short traces, should be placed very
close to the power pins of the IC. Failure to do so can result in device oscillation, high
current consumption and erratic operation.
It is assumed that a larger bypass capacitor (such as1 µF) is somewhere else in the power circuit; for example, near
the regulator.
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4.
I2C Communications (Comms Mode Only)
4.1
I2C Protocol
4.1.1
Protocol
The I2C protocol is based around access to an address table (see Table 5-1 on page 15) and supports multibyte
reads and writes. The maximum clock rate is 400 kHz.
See Section A. on page 29 for an overview of I2C bus operation.
4.1.2
Signals
The I2C interface requires two signals to operate:

SDA - Serial Data

SCL - Serial Clock
A third line, CHANGE, is used to signal when the device has seen a change in the status byte:
CHANGE: Open-drain, active low when any capacitive key has changed state since the last I2C read. After reading
the two status bytes, this pin floats (high) again if it is pulled up with an external resistor. If the status bytes change
back to their original state before the host has read the status bytes (for example, a touch followed by a release), the
CHANGE line is held low. In this case, a read to any memory location clears the CHANGE line.
4.2
I2C Address
There is one preset I2C address of 0x1B. This is not changeable.
4.3
Data Read/Write
4.3.1
Writing Data to the Device
The sequence of events required to write data to the device is shown next.
Host to Device
S
SLA+W
Table 4-1.
A
MemAddress
Device Tx to Host
A
Data
A
P
Description of Write Data Bits
Key
Description
S
START condition
SLA+W
Slave address plus write bit
A
Acknowledge bit
MemAddress
Target memory address within device
Data
Data to be written
P
Stop condition
1.
The host initiates the transfer by sending the START condition
2.
The host follows this by sending the slave address of the device together with the WRITE bit.
3.
The device sends an ACK.
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4.
The host then sends the memory address within the device it wishes to write to.
5.
The device sends an ACK if the write address is in the range 0x00 – 0x7F, otherwise it sends a NACK.
6.
The host transmits one or more data bytes; each is acknowledged by the device (unless trying to write to an
invalid address).
7.
If the host sends more than one data byte, they are written to consecutive memory addresses.
8.
The device automatically increments the target memory address after writing each data byte.
9.
After writing the last data byte, the host should send the STOP condition.
Note: the host should not try to write to addresses outside the range 0x20 to 0x39 because this is the limit of the
device internal memory address.
4.3.2
Reading Data From the Device
The sequence of events required to read data from the device is shown next.
Host to Device
S
SLA+W
A
Data 1
A
Device Tx to Host
MemAddress A P
Data 2
S
A
SLA+R
A
Data n
A
P
1.
The host initiates the transfer by sending the START condition
2.
The host follows this by sending the slave address of the device together with the WRITE bit.
3.
The device sends an ACK.
4.
The host then sends the memory address within the device it wishes to read from.
5.
The device sends an ACK if the address to be read from is less than 0x80 otherwise it sends a NACK).
6.
The host must then send a STOP and a START condition followed by the slave address again but this time
accompanied by the READ bit.
Note:
7.
Alternatively, instead of step 6 a repeated START can be sent so the host does not need to
relinquish control of the bus.
The device returns an ACK, followed by a data byte.
8.
The host must return either an ACK or NACK.
9.
Note:
4.4
1.
If the host returns an ACK, the device subsequently transmits the data byte from the next address. Each
time a data byte is transmitted, the device automatically increments the internal address. The device
continues to return data bytes until the host responds with a NACK.
2.
If the host returns a NACK, it should then terminate the transfer by issuing the STOP condition.
The device resets the internal address to the location indicated by the memory address sent to it previously.
Therefore, there is no need to send the memory address again when reading from the same location.
Reading the 16-bit reference and signal values is not an automatic operation; reading the first byte of a 16bit value does not lock the other byte. As a result glitches in the reported value may be seen as values
increase from 255 to 256, or decrease from 256 to 255.
SDA, SCL
The I2C bus transmits data and clock with SDA and SCL respectively. They are open-drain; that is I2C master and
slave devices can only drive these lines low or leave them open. The termination resistors pull the line up to Vdd if no
I2C device is pulling it down.
The termination resistors commonly range from 1 k to 10 k and should be chosen so that the rise times on SDA
and SCL meet the I2C specifications (1 µs maximum).
Standalone mode: if I2C communications are not required, then standalone mode can be enabled by connecting the
MODE pin to Vdd. See Section 2.4 on page 8 for more information.
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5.
Setups
5.1
Introduction
The device calibrates and processes signals using a number of algorithms specifically designed to provide for high
survivability in the face of adverse environmental challenges. User-defined Setups are employed to alter these
algorithms to suit each application. These Setups are loaded into the device over the I 2 C serial interfaces. In
standalone mode these settings are fixed to predetermined values.
Table 5-1.
Internal Register Address Allocation
Address Use
0
Chip ID
1
Firmware Version
2
Detection status
3
Key status
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Major ID (= 2)
Bit 1
Bit 0
R/W
R
Minor ID (= E)
R
Firmware version number
CALIBRATE
OVERFLOW
–
–
–
–
–
TOUCH
R
Reserved
Key 6
Key 5
Key 4
Key 3
Key 2
Key 1
Key 0
R
4–5
Key signal 0
Key signal 0 (MSByte) – Key signal 0 (LSByte)
R
6–7
Key signal 1
Key signal 1 (MSByte) – Key signal 1 (LSByte)
R
8–9
Key signal 2
Key signal 2 (MSByte) – Key signal 2 (LSByte)
R
10 – 11
Key signal 3
Key signal 3 (MSByte) – Key signal 3 (LSByte)
R
12 – 13
Key signal 4
Key signal 4 (MSByte) – Key signal 4 (LSByte)
R
14 – 15
Key signal 5
Key signal 5 (MSByte) – Key signal 5 (LSByte)
R
16 – 17
Key signal 6
Key signal 6 (MSByte) – Key signal 6 (LSByte)
R
18 – 19
Reference data 0
Reference data 0 (MSByte) – Reference data 0 (LSByte)
R
20 – 21
Reference data 1
Reference data 1 (MSByte) – Reference data 1 (LSByte)
R
22 – 23
Reference data 2
Reference data 2 (MSByte) – Reference data 2 (LSByte)
R
24 – 25
Reference data 3
Reference data 3 (MSByte) – Reference data 3 (LSByte)
R
26 – 27
Reference data 4
Reference data 4 (MSByte) – Reference data 4 (LSByte)
R
28 – 29
Reference data 5
Reference data 5 (MSByte) – Reference data 5 (LSByte)
R
30 – 31
Reference data 6
Reference data 6 (MSByte) – Reference data 6 (LSByte)
R
32
NTHR key 0
Negative Threshold level for key 0
R/W
33
NTHR key 1
Negative Threshold level for key 1
R/W
34
NTHR key 2
Negative Threshold level for key 2
R/W
35
NTHR key 3
Negative Threshold level for key 3
R/W
36
NTHR key 4
Negative Threshold level for key 4
R/W
37
NTHR key 5
Negative Threshold level for key 5
R/W
38
NTHR key 6
Negative Threshold level for key 6
R/W
39
AVE/AKS key 0
Adjacent key suppression level for key 0
R/W
40
AVE/AKS key 1
Adjacent key suppression level for key 1
R/W
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Table 5-1.
Internal Register Address Allocation (Continued)
Address Use
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
R/W
41
AVE/AKS key 2
Adjacent key suppression level for key 2
R/W
42
AVE/AKS key 3
Adjacent key suppression level for key 3
R/W
43
AVE/AKS key 4
Adjacent key suppression level for key 4
R/W
44
AVE/AKS key 5
Adjacent key suppression level for key 5
R/W
45
AVE/AKS key 6
Adjacent key suppression level for key 6
R/W
46
DI key 0
Detection integrator counter for key 0
R/W
47
DI key 1
Detection integrator counter for key 1
R/W
48
DI key 2
Detection integrator counter for key 2
R/W
49
DI key 3
Detection integrator counter for key 3
R/W
50
DI key 4
Detection integrator counter for key 4
R/W
51
DI key 5
Detection integrator counter for key 5
R/W
52
DI key 6
Detection integrator counter for key 6
R/W
53
FO/MO/Guard No
FastOutDI/ Max Cal/Guard Channel
R/W
54
LP
Low Power (LP) Mode
R/W
55
Max On Duration
Maximum On Duration
R/W
56
Calibrate
Calibrate
R/W
57
RESET
RESET
R/W
5.2
Address 0: Chip ID
Table 5-2.
Address
Chip ID
b7
0
b6
b5
b4
b3
b2
MAJOR ID
b1
b0
b1
b0
MINOR ID
MAJOR ID: Reads back as 2
MINOR ID: Reads back as E
5.3
Address 1: Firmware Version
Table 5-3.
Address
1
Firmware Version
b7
b6
b5
b4
b3
b2
FIRMWARE VERSION
FIRMWARE VERSION: this shows the 8-bit firmware version 1.5 (0x15).
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5.4
Address 2: Detection Status
Table 5-4.
Detection Status
Address
b7
b6
b5
b4
b3
b2
b1
b0
2
CALIBRATE
OVERFLO
W
–
–
–
–
–
TOUCH
CALIBRATE: This bit is set during a calibration sequence.
OVERFLOW: This bit is set if the time to acquire all key signals exceeds 8 ms.
TOUCH: This bit is set if any keys are in detect.
5.5
Address 3: Key Status
Table 5-5.
Key Status
Address
b7
b6
b5
b4
b3
b2
b1
b0
3
Reserved
KEY6
KEY5
KEY4
KEY3
KEY2
KEY1
KEY0
KEY0 – 6: bits 0 to 6 indicate which keys are in detection, if any. Touched keys report as 1, untouched or disabled
keys report as 0.
5.6
Address 4 – 17: Key Signal
Table 5-6.
Address
Key Signal
b7
b6
b5
b4
b3
b2
4
MSByte OF KEY SIGNAL FOR KEY 0
5
LSByte OF KEY SIGNAL FOR KEY 0
6 – 17
MSByte/LSByte OF KEY SIGNAL FOR KEYS 1 – 6
b1
b0
KEY SIGNAL: addresses 4 – 17 allow key signals to be read for each key, starting with key 0. There are two bytes of
data for each key. These are the key’s 16-bit key signals which are accessed as two 8-bit bytes, stored MSByte first.
These addresses are read-only.
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5.7
Address 18 – 31: Reference Data
Table 5-7.
Reference Data
Address
b7
b6
b5
b4
b3
b2
b1
18
MSByte OF REFERENCE DATA FOR KEY 0
19
LSByte OF REFERENCE DATA FOR KEY 0
20 – 31
MSByte/LSByte OF REFERENCE DATA FOR KEYS 1 – 6
b0
REFERENCE DATA: addresses 18 – 31 allow reference data to be read for each key, starting with key 0. There are
two bytes of data for each key. These are the key’s 16-bit reference data which is accessed as two 8-bit bytes, stored
MSByte first. These addresses are read-only.
5.8
Address 32 – 38: Negative Threshold (NTHR)
Table 5-8.
NTHR
Address
b7
b6
b5
32 – 38
b4
b3
b2
b1
b0
NEGATIVE THRESHOLD FOR KEYS 0 – 6
NTHR Keys 0 – 6: these 8-bit values set the threshold value for each key to register a detection.
Default: 20 counts
Note:
5.9
Do not use a setting of 0 as this causes a key to go into detection when its signal is equal to its reference.
Address 39 – 45: Averaging Factor/Adjacent Key Suppression (AVE/AKS)
Table 5-9.
AVE/AKS
Address
b7
b6
b5
b4
b3
b2
b1
b0
39 – 45
AVE5
AVE4
AVE3
AVE2
AVE1
AVE0
AKS1
AKS0
AVE 0 – 5: The Averaging Factor (AVE) is the number of pulses which are added together and averaged to get the
final signal value for that channel.
For example, if AVE = 8 then 8 ADC samples are taken and added together. The result is divided by the original
number of pulses (8). If sixteen pulses are used then the result is divided by sixteen.
This provides a better signal-to-noise ratio but requires longer acquire times. Values for AVE are restricted internally
to 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 or 32.
Default: 8 (In standalone mode key 0 is 16)
AKS 0 – 1: these bits control which keys are included in an AKS group. There can be up to three groups, each
containing any number of keys (up to the maximum allowed for the mode).
Each key can have a value between 0 and 3, which assigns it to an AKS group of that number. A key may only go
into detect when it has the largest signal change of any key in its group. A value of 0 means the key is not in any AKS
group.
Default: 0x01
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5.10
Address 46 – 52: Detection Integrator (DI)
Table 5-10. Detection Integrator
Address
b7
b6
b5
46 – 52
b4
b3
b2
b1
b0
DETECTION INTEGRATOR
DETECTION INTEGRATOR: addresses 46 – 52 allow the DI level to be set for each key. This 8-bit value controls
the number of consecutive measurements that must be confirmed as having passed the key threshold before that
key is registered as being in detect. The minimum value for the DI filter is 2. Settings of 0 and 1 for the DI also default
to 2 because a minimum of two consecutive measurements must be confirmed.
Default: 4
5.11
Address 53: FastOutDI/Max Cal/Guard Channel
Table 5-11. Max Cal/Guard Channel
Address
b7
53
b6
–
b5
b4
FO
MAX CAL
b3
b2
b1
b0
GUARD CHANNEL
FO: Fast Out DI – when bit 5 is set then a key filters out with an integrator of 4. Could have a DI in of 100 but filter out
with DI of 4 (global setting for all keys).
MAX CAL: if this bit is clear then all keys recalibrate after a Max On Duration timeout, otherwise only the key with the
incorrect timing gets recalibrated.
GUARD CHANNEL: bits 0 – 3 are used to set a key as the guard channel (which gets priority filtering). Valid values
are 0 – 6, with any larger value disabling the guard key feature.
5.12
Address 54: Low Power (LP) Mode
Table 5-12. LP Mode
Address
54
b7
b6
b5
b4
b3
b2
b1
b0
LOW POWER MODE
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LP MODE: this 8-bit value determines the number of 8 ms intervals between key measurements. Longer intervals
between measurements yield a lower power consumption but at the expense of a slower response to touch.
Setting
Time
0
8 ms
1
8 ms
2
16 ms
3
24 ms
4
32 ms


254
2.032s
255
2.040s
Default: 2 (16 ms between key acquisitions)
5.13
Address 55: Max On Duration
Table 5-13. Max Time On
Address
b7
b6
b5
b4
55
b3
b2
b1
b0
MAX ON DURATION
MAX ON DURATION: this is a 8-bit value which determines how long any key can be in touch before it recalibrates
itself.
A value of 0 turns Max On Duration off.
Setting
Time
0
Off
1
160 ms
2
320 ms
3
480 ms
4
640 ms
255
40.8s
Default: 180 (160 ms × 180 = 28.8s)
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5.14
Address 56: Calibrate
Table 5-14. Calibrate
Address
b7
b6
56
b5
b4
b3
b2
b1
b0
Writing a nonzero value forces a calibration
Writing any nonzero value into this address triggers the device to start a calibration cycle. The CALIBRATE flag in
the detection status register is set when the calibration begins and clears when the calibration has finished.
5.15
Address 57: RESET
Table 5-15. RESET
Address
57
b7
b6
b5
b4
b3
b2
b1
b0
Writing a nonzero value forces a reset
Writing any nonzero value to this address triggers the device to reset.
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6.
Specifications
6.1
Absolute Maximum Specifications
Vdd
–0.5 to +6 V
Max continuous pin current, any control or drive pin
±10 mA
Short circuit duration to ground, any pin
infinite
Short circuit duration to Vdd, any pin
infinite
Voltage forced onto any pin
–0.5 V to (Vdd + 0.5) V
CAUTION: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Specifications may cause permanent damage to
the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or other conditions beyond
those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum
specification conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
6.2
Recommended Operating Conditions
Operating temperature
–40oC to +85oC
Storage temperature
–55oC to +125oC
Vdd
+1.8 V to 5.5 V
Supply ripple+noise
±25 mV
Cx load capacitance per key
1 to 30 pF
6.3
DC Specifications
Vdd = 3.3 V, Cs = 10 nF, load = 5 pF, 32 ms default sleep, Ta = recommended range, unless otherwise noted
Parameter
Description
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Units
Vil
Low input logic level
–
–
0.2 × Vdd
V
Vih
High input logic level
0.7 × Vdd
–
Vdd + 0.5
V
Vol
Low output voltage
–
–
0.6
V
Voh
High output voltage
Vdd –
0.7V
–
–
V
–
–
±1
µA
Iil
Input leakage current
Notes
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6.4
Power Consumption Measurements
Cx = 5 pF, Rs = 4.7 k
Idd (µA) at Vdd =
6.5
LP Mode
5V
3.3 V
1.8 V
0 (8 ms)
1744
906
442
1 (16 ms)
1375
615
305
2 (24 ms)
1263
525
261
4 (32 ms)
1168
486
234
5 (40 ms)
1119
445
221
6 (48 ms)
1089
434
211
Timing Specifications
Paramete
r
Description
Minimum
Typica
l
Maximum
Units
Notes
DI
setting × 8 ms
–
LP mode +
(DI setting × 8 ms)
ms
Under host control
Sample frequency
162
180
198
kHz
Modulated
spread-spectrum
(chirp)
TD
Power-up delay to
operate/calibration
time
–
<230
–
ms
Can be longer if burst
is very long.
FI2C
I2C clock rate
–
–
400
kHz
–
Fm
Burst modulation,
percentage
%
–
µs
–
TR
Response time
FQT
RESET pulse width
±8
5
–
–
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6.6
Mechanical Dimensions
6.7
AT42QT1070-SSU – 14-pin SOIC
4
F
4
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6
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%
6
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7
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AT42QT1070 [DATASHEET]
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6.8
AT42QT1070-MMH – 20-pin 3 × 3 mm VQFN
(
"
!(
4
7
7
(6
>15
)?#
;ECD6
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1)
"%#
6
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7
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66
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8
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656
"
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6.9
Marking
6.9.1
AT42QT1070-SSU – 14-pin SOIC
Either part marking can be used.
Abbreviated
part number
1070
1R5
Pin 1 ID
Date Code
Code revision 1.5,
released
1
Date Code Description
W=Week code
W week code number 1-52 where:
A=1 B=2 .... Z=26
then using the underscore A=27...Z=52
Abbreviated
part number
ATMEL
QT1070
1R5 YYWW
Pin 1 ID
Code revision 1.5,
released
1
YYWW = Date
code, variable
text
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6.9.2
AT42QT1070-MMH – 20-pin 3 × 3 mm VQFN
Either part marking can be used.
Shortened part
number in
hexadecimal
Pin 1 ID
Code Revision 1.5,
released
42E = 1070
42E
15
Date Code,
released
Date Code Description
W=Week code
W week code number 1-52 where:
A=1 B=2 .... Z=26
then using the underscore A=27...Z=52
Pin 1 ID
15 = Code Revision 1.5,
released
Abbreviation of part
number:
(AT42QT1070-MMH)
170
15X
YZZ
X = Assembly location
code (variable text)
Date Code,
released
YZZ = traceability code (variable text)
Y = the last digit of the year
(for example 0 for year 2010, 1 for year 2011),
ZZ is the trace code for each assembly lot.
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6.10
6.11
Part Number
Part Number
Description
AT42QT1070-SSU
14-pin SOIC RoHS compliant IC
AT42QT1070-MMH
20-pin 3 x 3 mm VQFN RoHS compliant IC
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)
MSL Rating
Peak Body Temperature
Specifications
MSL3
260oC
IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020
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Appendix A. I2C Operation
The device communicates with the host over an I2C bus. The following sections give an overview of the bus; more
detailed information is available from www.i2C-bus.org. Devices are connected to the I2C bus as shown in Figure A1. Both bus lines are connected to Vdd via pull-up resistors. The bus drivers of all I2C devices must be open-drain
type. This implements a wired AND function that allows any and all devices to drive the bus, one at a time. A low
level on the bus is generated when a device outputs a zero.
Figure A-1.
I2C Interface Bus
Vdd
Device 1
Device 2
Device 3
Device n
R1
R2
SDA
SCL
A.1
Transferring Data Bits
Each data bit transferred on the bus is accompanied by a pulse on the clock line. The level of the data line must be
stable when the clock line is high; the only exception to this rule is for generating START and STOP conditions.
Figure A-2.
Data Transfer
SDA
SCL
Data Stable
Data Stable
Data Change
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A.2
START and STOP Conditions
The host initiates and terminates a data transmission. The transmission is initiated when the host issues a START
condition on the bus, and is terminated when the host issues a STOP condition. Between the START and STOP
conditions, the bus is considered busy. As shown in Figure A-3, START and STOP conditions are signaled by
changing the level of the SDA line when the SCL line is high.
Figure A-3.
START and STOP Conditions
SDA
SCL
START
A.3
STOP
Address Byte Format
All address bytes are 9 bits long, consisting of 7 address bits, one READ/WRITE control bit and an acknowledge bit.
If the READ/WRITE bit is set, a read operation is performed, otherwise a write operation is performed. When the
device recognizes that it is being addressed, it will acknowledge by pulling SDA low in the ninth SCL (ACK) cycle. An
address byte consisting of a slave address and a READ or a WRITE bit is called SLA+R or SLA+W, respectively.
The most significant bit of the address byte is transmitted first. The address sent by the host must be consistent with
that selected with the option jumpers.
Figure A-4.
Address Byte Format
Addr MSB
Addr LSB
R/W
ACK
7
8
9
SDA
SCL
START
1
2
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A.4
Data Byte Format
All data bytes are 9 bits long, consisting of 8 data bits and an acknowledge bit. During a data transfer, the host
generates the clock and the START and STOP conditions, while the receiver is responsible for acknowledging the
reception. An acknowledge (ACK) is signaled by the receiver pulling the SDA line low during the ninth SCL cycle. If
the receiver leaves the SDA line high, a NACK is signaled.
Figure A-5.
Data Byte Format
Data MSB
Data LSB
ACK
8
9
Aggregate
SDA
SDA from
Transmitter
SDA from
Receiver
SCL from
Master
1
2
7
Data Byte
SLA+R/W
A.5
Stop or Next
Data Byte
Combining Address and Data Bytes into a Transmission
A transmission consists of a START condition, an SLA+R/W, one or more data bytes and a STOP condition. The
wired ANDing of the SCL line is used to implement handshaking between the host and the device. The device
extends the SCL low period by pulling the SCL line low whenever it needs extra time for processing between the
data transmissions.
Note: Each write or read cycle must end with a stop condition. The device may not respond correctly if a cycle is
terminated by a new start condition.
Figure A-6 shows a typical data transmission. Note that several data bytes can be transmitted between the
SLA+R/W and the STOP.
Figure A-6.
Byte Transmission
Addr MSB
Addr LSB
R/W
ACK
7
8
9
Data MSB
Data LSB
ACK
8
9
SDA
SCL
1
START
1
2
SLA+RW
2
7
Data Byte
STOP
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Associated Documents

QTAN0062 – QTouch and QMatrix Sensitivity Tuning for Keys, Slider and Wheels

Touch Sensors Design Guide
Revision History
Revision Number
History
Revision A – October 2010
Initial release of document for code revision 1.5
Revision B – November 2012
General updates
Revision C – May 2013
Applied new template
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Notes
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Atmel Corporation
1600 Technology Drive
Atmel Asia Limited
Unit 01-5 & 16, 19F
Atmel München GmbH
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