Application Notes

AN10789
GreenChip III TEA1751: integrated PFC and flyback controller
Rev. 1.1 — 4 September 2013
Application note
Document information
Info
Content
Keywords
GreenChip III, TEA1751, PFC, flyback, high efficiency, adaptor, notebook,
PC Power
Abstract
The TEA1751 is a member of the new generation of PFC and flyback
controller combination ICs, used for efficient switched mode power
supplies. It has a high level of integration which allows the design of a cost
effective power supply with a very low number of external components.
The TEA1751 is fabricated in a Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) process. The
NXP SOI process makes a wide voltage range possible.
AN10789
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GreenChip III TEA1751: integrated PFC and flyback controller
Revision history
Rev
Date
Description
v.1.1
20130904
updated issue
•
Modifications:
v.1
20090210
Section 7 “PCB layout considerations” has been updated.
first issue
Contact information
For more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com
For sales office addresses, please send an email to: [email protected]
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1. Introduction
The TEA1751 is a combination controller with a PFC and flyback controller integrated in to
an SO-16 package. Both controllers operate in Quasi Resonant (QR) / Discontinuous
Conduction Mode (DCM) mode with valley detection. The switching is independent for
each controller.
The PFC output power is on-time controlled for simplicity. It is not necessary to sense the
phase of the mains voltage. The flyback output power is Current mode controlled for good
suppression of input voltage ripple.
The communication circuitry between both controllers is integrated and no adjustment is
needed.
The voltage and current levels mentioned in this application note are typical values. A
detailed description of the pin level spreading can be found in the TEA1751 data sheet.
1.1 Scope
This application note describes the functionality and the control functions of TEA1751 and
the adjustments needed within the power converter application.
For the large signal parts of the PFC and flyback power stages, the design and data for
the coil and transformer are dealt with in a separate application note.
1.2 The TEA1751 GreenChip III controller
The features of the GreenChip III allow the power supply engineer to design a reliable and
cost-effective and efficient switched mode power supply with the minimum number of
external components.
1.2.1 Key features
•
•
•
•
•
•
PFC and flyback controller integrated in one SO-16 package
Switching frequency of PFC and flyback are independent of each other
No external hardware required for communication between the two controllers
High level of integration, resulting in a very low external component count
Mains voltage enable and brownout protection integrated
Fast latch reset function implemented
1.2.2 System features
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
AN10789
Application note
Safe Restart mode for system fault conditions
High-voltage start-up current source (5.4 mA)
Reduction of HV current source (1 mA) in Safe restart mode
Wide VCC range (38 V)
MOSFET driver voltage limited
Easy controlled start-up behavior and VCC circuit
General-purpose input for latched protection
Internal IC overtemperature protection
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GreenChip III TEA1751: integrated PFC and flyback controller
• Two high-voltage spacers between the HV pin and the next active pin
• Open pin protection on the VINSENSE, VOSENSE, PFCAUX, FBCTRL and FBAUX
pins
1.2.3 PFC features
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Dual output voltage boost converter
Frequency limitation (125 kHz) to reduce switching losses and EMI
Ton controlled
Mains input voltage compensation for control loop for good transient response
Over current protection (OCP)
Soft start and soft stop
Open / short detection for PFC feedback loop: no external OVP circuit necessary
1.2.4 Flyback features
•
•
•
•
•
QR / DCM operation with valley switching
Frequency limitation (125 kHz) to reduce switching losses and EMI
Current mode controlled
Overcurrent protection (OCP)
Frequency reduction with fixed minimum peak current to maintain high efficiency at
low output power levels without audible noise
• Soft start
• Accurate OverVoltage Protection (OVP) through auxiliary winding
• Time-out protection for output overloads and open flyback feedback loop, available as
safe restart (TEA1751T) or latched (TEA1751LT) protection
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AN10789
Application note
1.3 Application schematic
D1
L2
+
9
BD1
7
C1
D10
+
C2
C8
R5
C3
R18
Vout
9,10
1
5
T1
2
L1
4
+
+
C36
C37
-
R6
7,8
D3
GND
1
D2
D4
Q1
C5
Q2
R13
R14
C9
R11
R12
R17
R16
CX1
C6
C10
R10
R15
R1
R2
D5
C4
LF1
R7
6
C14
+
C13
R23A
8
PFCAUX
7
VCC
R32
C32A
4
R23
FBAUX
FBCTRL
PFCCOMP
4
3
6
5
2
R32A
R30
5
3
R24
R25
R3
D23A
1
HV
FBSENSE
16
TEA1751
GND
R27
PFCDRIVER
VINSENSE
12
10
FBDRIVER
PFCSENSE
MAINS
INLET
13
VOSENSE
11
9
HVS
15
LATCH
14
HVS
U1
C15
C17
C16
U2
1
R31
2
C31
U3
C18
RT2
C7
R4
C20
C19
R26
Fig 1.
Application schematic
R33
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GreenChip III TEA1751: integrated PFC and flyback controller
Rev. 1.1 — 4 September 2013
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R8
R9
LF2
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NXP Semiconductors
GreenChip III TEA1751: integrated PFC and flyback controller
2. Pin description
Table 1.
Pin descriptions
Pin
Name
Functional description
1
VCC
Supply voltage: Vstartup = 22 V, Vth(UVLO) = 15 V.
At mains switch-on, the capacitor connected to this pin is charged to VCC
start by the internal HV current source. When the pin voltage is lower
than 0.65 V, the charge current is limited to 1 mA, this to prevent
overheating of the IC if the VCC pin is short circuited. When the pin
voltage is between 0.65 V and Vth(UVLO), the charge current is 5.4 mA to
enable a fast start-up. Between Vth(UVLO) and Vstartup, the charge current
is again limited to 1 mA, this to reduce the safe restart duty cycle and as a
result the input power during fault conditions. At the moment Vstartup is
reached the current source is pinched-off, and VCC is regulated to Vstartup
until the flyback starts. See Section 3.2 for a complete description of the
start-up sequence.
2
GND
Ground connection.
3
FBCTRL
Control input for flyback for direct connection of the optocoupler.
At a control voltage of 2 V the flyback delivers maximum power. At a
control voltage of 1.5 V the flyback enters the frequency reduction mode
and the PFC is switched off. At 1.4 V the flyback stops switching. Internal
there is a 30 mA current source connected to the pin, which is controlled
by the internal logic. This current source can be used to implement a
time-out function to detect an open control-loop or a short circuit of the
output-voltage. The time-out function can be disabled with a resistor of
100 k between this pin and ground.
4
FBAUX
Input from auxiliary winding for transformer demagnetization detection,
mains dependent overpower protection (OPP) overvoltage protection
(OVP) of the flyback.
The combination of the demagnetization detection and the valley
detection at pin HV is determining the switch-on moment of the flyback in
the valley. A flyback OVP is detected at a current > 300 A into the
FBAUX pin. Internal filtering is present to prevent false detection of an
OVP. The flyback OPP starts at a current < 100 A out of the FBAUX
pin.
5
LATCH
General purpose latched protection input.
When Vstartup (pin 1) is reached, this pin is charged to a voltage of 1.35 V
first before the PFC is enabled. To trigger the latched protection, the pin
must be pulled down to below 1.25 V.
An internal 80 A current source is connected to the pin, which is
controlled by the internal logic. Because of this current source, an NTC
resistor for temperature protection can be directly connected to this pin.
6
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Application note
PFCCOMP
Frequency compensation pin for the PFC control loop.
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GreenChip III TEA1751: integrated PFC and flyback controller
Table 1.
Pin descriptions …continued
Pin
Name
Functional description
7
VINSENSE
Sense input for mains voltage. This pin has 5 functions:
•
•
•
mains enable level: Vstart(VINSENSE) = 1.15 V
•
•
fast latch reset: Vflr = 0.75 V
mains stop level (brownout): Vstop(VINSENSE) = 0.9 V
mains voltage compensation for the PFC control-loop gain
bandwidth
dual boost switch-over point: Vbst(DUAL) = 2.2 V
The mains enable and mains stop level enable and disable the PFC.
The voltage at the VINSENSE pin must be an averaged DC value,
representing the AC line voltage. The pin is not used for sensing the
phase of the mains voltage.
8
PFCAUX
Input from an auxiliary winding of the PFC coil for demagnetization timing
and valley detection to control the PFC switching.
The auxiliary winding must be connected by a 5 k series resistor to
prevent damage of the input due to lightning surges.
9
VOSENSE
Sense input for output voltage of the PFC.
VOSENSE pin, open loop and short detection: Vth(ol)(VOSENSE) =1.15 V
Regulation of PFC output voltage: Vreg(VOSENSE) = 2.5 V
PFC soft OVP (cycle-by-cycle): Vovp(VOSENSE) = 2.63 V
Control output for output voltage of the PFC,
- dual boost current: Ibst(DUAL) = 15 A
10
FBSENSE
Current sense input for flyback.
At this pin, the voltage across the flyback current sense resistor is
measured. The setting of the sense level is determined by the FBCTRL
voltage, using the equation: V FBSENSE = 0.75  V FBCTRL – 1 V
The maximum setting level for VFBSENSE = 0.5 V.
Internal there is a 60 A current source connected to the pin, which is
controlled by the internal logic. The current source is used to implement a
soft start function for the flyback and to enable the flyback. The flyback
only starts when the internal current source is able to charge the soft start
capacitor to a voltage of more than 0.5 V. Therefore a minimum soft start
resistor of 12 k is required to guarantee the enabling of the flyback.
11
PFCSENSE
Overcurrent protection input for PFC.
This input is used to limit the maximum peak current in the PFC core. The
PFCSENSE is a cycle-by-cycle protection, at 0.5 V the PFC MOSFET is
switched off.
There is an internal 60 A current-source connected to the pin, which is
controlled by the internal logic. This current source is used to implement
a soft start and soft stop function for the PFC, this to prevent audible
noise in PFC burst mode. This pin is also used for enabling of the PFC.
The PFC only starts when the internal current source is able to charge
the soft start capacitor to a voltage of more than 0.5 V. Therefore a
minimum soft start resistor of 12 k is required to guarantee the enabling
of the PFC.
AN10789
Application note
12
PFCDRIVER
Gate driver output for PFC MOSFET.
13
FBDRIVER
Gate driver output for flyback MOSFET.
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GreenChip III TEA1751: integrated PFC and flyback controller
Table 1.
Pin descriptions …continued
Pin
Name
Functional description
14
HVS
High-voltage safety spacer, not connected
15
HVS
High-voltage safety spacer, not connected
16
HV
High-voltage input for internal start-up current source (output at pin 1),
and valley sensing of the flyback.
The combination of the demagnetization detection at the FBAUX pin and
the valley detection at the HV pin determine the switch-on moment of the
flyback in the valley.
3. System description and calculation
3.1 PFC and flyback start conditions
Figure 2 and Figure 3 show the conditions for enabling of the PFC and flyback are given.
If start-up problems occur these conditions can be checked to find the cause of the
problem. Some of the conditions are dynamic signals (see Figure 4) and should be
checked with an oscilloscope.
/$7&+!9
/$7&+!9
)%6(16(VRIWVWDUW•9
3)&6(16(VRIWVWDUW•9
$1'
HQDEOH3)&
$1'
9,16(16(!9
926(16(!9
926(16(9
)%&75/9
DDD
Fig 2.
PFC start condition
HQDEOHIO\EDFN
DDD
Fig 3.
Flyback start condition
3.2 Start-up sequence
At switch-on with a low mains voltage, the TEA1751(L)T power supply has the following
start-up sequence (see Figure 4):
1. The HV current source is set to 0.9 mA and the VCC electrolytic capacitor is charged
to 0.65 V; this to detect a possible short circuit at pin VCC.
2. At VCC = 0.65 V, the HV current source is set to 5.4 mA and the VCC electrolytic
capacitor is fast charged to VTH(UVLO).
3. At VCC = VTH(UVLO), the HV current source is set to 0.9 mA again and the VCC
electrolytic capacitor is charged further to Vstartup.
4. At Vstartup, the HV current source is switched off and the 80 A LATCH pin current
source is switched on to charge the LATCH pin capacitor. At the same time, the
PFCSENSE and FBSENSE soft start current sources are switched on.
5. When the LATCH pin is charged up to 1.35 V the PFC and flyback can start switching,
but only when the VINSENSE pin has reached a level of 1.15 V.
6. For the PFC also the soft start capacitor at pin PFCSENSE must be charged up to
0.5 V. The voltage at the VOSENSE pin must be greater than 1.15 V.
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GreenChip III TEA1751: integrated PFC and flyback controller
7. For the flyback also the soft start capacitor at pin FBSENSE must be charged up to
0.5 V and the voltage at the FBCTRL pin must be less than 4.5 V. Normally, the
voltage at the FBCTRL pin is always less than 4.5 V at the first flyback switching
cycle, unless the FBCTRL pin is open. At the moment that the flyback starts, the
FBCTRL time-out current source is switched on.
8. When the flyback has reached its nominal output voltage, the VCC supply of the IC is
taken over by the auxiliary winding. If, for any reason, the flyback feedback loop signal
is missing, then the time-out protection at the FBCTRL pin is triggered and both
converters the PFC and the flyback are switched off, VCC drops to VTH(UVLO), and the
IC continues with step 3 of the start-up cycle. This is the safe restart cycle.
IHV
Vstartup
Vth(UVLO)
Vtrip
VCC
Vstart(VINSENSE)
VINSENSE
VEN(LATCH)
LATCH
PROTECTION
soft start
PFCSENSE
PFCDRIVER
soft start
FBSENSE
FBDRIVER
Vto(FBCTRL)
FBCTRL
Vstart(fb)
VOSENSE
VO
charging VCC
capacitor
Fig 4.
starting
converters
normal
operation
protection
restart
014aaa156
Start-up sequence at low mains voltage
The charge time of the soft start capacitors can be chosen by their values independently
for the PFC and the flyback. This way it can be realized that the PFC starts before the
flyback.
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GreenChip III TEA1751: integrated PFC and flyback controller
3.3 VCC cycle at safe restart protections
In Safe restart mode, the controller goes through the steps 3 to 8 as described in
Section 3.2.
3.4 Mains voltage sensing and brownout
The mains input voltage is measured through the VINSENSE pin. When the VINSENSE
pin has reached the Vstart(VINSENSE) level of 1.15 V the PFC can start switching, but only if
the other start conditions are met as well, see Section 3.1. As soon as the voltage at pin
VINSENSE drops below the Vstop(VINSENSE) level of 0.89 V, the PFC stops switching. The
flyback however, continues switching until the flyback maximum on-time protection,
ton(fb)max (40 s) is triggered. When this protection is triggered, the IC stops switching and
enters the safe restart mode.
The voltage at the VINSENSE pin must be an average DC value, representing the mains
input voltage. The system works optimal with a time constant of approximately 150 ms at
the VINSENSE pin. The long time constant at the VINSENSE pin prevents a fast restart of
the PFC after a mains drop-out, therefore the voltage at the VINSENSE pin is clamped to
a level of 100 mV below the Vstart(VINSENSE) level, this to guarantee a fast PFC restart after
recovery of the mains input voltage.
BD1
R1
mains
inlet
-
CX1
R2
+
C1
R3
VINSENSE
R4
TEA1751
C20
0014aaa768
Fig 5.
VINSENSE circuitry
3.4.1 Discharge of mains input capacitor
For safety, according to Ref. 1, the X-capacitors in the EMC input filtering must be
discharged with a time constant  < 1 s.
The R to discharge the X-cap in the input filtering, is determined by the replacement value
of R1+ R2.
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GreenChip III TEA1751: integrated PFC and flyback controller
In a typical 90 W adapter application with CX1 = 220 nF, the replacement value of
R1 + R2 must be smaller than or equal to the following:

1
R V  ---- = ------------------ = 4.55 M
C
220 nF
(1)
3.4.2 Brownout voltage adjustment
The rectified AC input voltage is measured via R1 and R2. Each resistor alternately
senses half the sine wave, so both resistors must have the same value. The average
voltage sensed at the connection of R1 and R2 is as follows:
2 2
V avg = ----------  V acrms

(2)
The V (AC) brownout RMS level is calculated as follows:

R1  R2
V acbrownout = ----------  V stop  VINSENSE   2  ----------------------------------- + R3
R1
+ R2
2 2
 ------------------- + 1
 R4

(3)
For a brownout threshold of 68 V (AC) and compliance with Ref. 1. Example values are
shown in Table 2.
Table 2.
VINSENSE component values
CX1
R1
R2
R3
R4
220 nF
2 M
2 M
560 k
47 k
330 nF
1.5 M
1.5 M
820 k
47 k
470 nF
1 M
1 M
1.1 M
47 k
A value of 3.3 F for capacitor C20, with 47 k at R4, gives the recommended time
constant of 150 ms at the VINSENSE pin.
3.5 Internal OTP
The IC has an internal temperature protection to protect the IC from overheating by
overloads at the VCC pin. When the junction temperature exceeds the thermal shutdown
temperature, the IC stops switching. As long as the OTP is active, the VCC capacitor is not
recharged from the HV mains. The OTP circuit is supplied from the HV pin if the VCC
supply voltage is not sufficient. The OTP is a latched protection.
3.6 LATCH pin
The LATCH pin is a general-purpose input pin, which can be used to latch off both
converters. The pin sources a bias current Io(LATCH) of 80 A for the direct connection of
an NTC. When the voltage on this pin is pulled below 1.25 V, switching of both converters
is immediately stopped. VCC starts cycling between the VTH(UVLO) and Vstartup, without a
restart. Switching off and then switching on the mains input voltage trigger the fast latch
reset circuit, and reset the latch.
At start-up, the latch pin first must be charged above 1.35 V, before both converters are
enabled. Charging of the LATCH pin starts at Vstartup.
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GreenChip III TEA1751: integrated PFC and flyback controller
No internal filtering is present at the LATCH pin. A 10 nF capacitor must be placed
between this pin and IC GROUND pin to prevent false triggering, also when the LATCH
pin function is not used.
LATCH
TEA1751
RT
4
C19
R26
3
U4
1
2
014aaa769
Fig 6.
Usage of the LATCH pin protection
Latching on application over temperature occurs when the total resistance value of the
NTC and its series resistor drops below the following:
V prot  LATCH 
1.25 V
R OTP = ------------------------------- = ---------------- = 15.6 k
I O  LATCH 
80 A
(4)
The optocoupler triggers the latch if the driven optotransistor conducts more than 80 A.
3.7 Fast latch reset
Switching off and then switching on the mains input voltage, can reset the latched
protection. After the mains input is switched off, the voltage at the VINSENSE pin will drop
below VFLR (0.75 V). This triggers the fast latch reset circuit, but does not reset the latched
protection. After the mains input is switched on, the voltage at the VINSENSE pin will rise
again, and when the level has passed 0.85 V, the latch will be reset. The system restarts
again when the VCC pin is charged to Vstartup. See step 4 of Section 3.2.
4. PFC description and calculation
The PFC operates in Quasi Resonant (QR) or Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM)
with valley detection to reduce the switch-on losses. The maximum switching frequency of
the PFC is limited to 125 kHz to reduce the switching losses. One or more valleys are
skipped, when necessary, to keep the frequency below 125 kHz.
The PFC of the TEA1751(L)T is designed as a dual boost converter with two output
voltage levels that are dependent on the mains input voltage range. The advantage of
such a dual boost is that the overall system efficiency at low mains can be improved due
to reduction of the PFC switching losses. In low and medium power adapters (< 120 W)
the contribution of PFC switching losses to the total losses are relative high.
The dual output voltage is controlled through an internal current source of 15 A at pin
VOSENSE. As shown in Figure 7, the mains input voltage measured at pin VINSENSE is
used to control the internal current source. This current-source in combination with the
resistors at pin VOSENSE sets the lower PFC output voltage. At high mains, the
current-source is switched off. Therefore, the maximum PFC output voltage is not effected
by the accuracy of the current-source. In a typical adapter with a PFC output voltage of
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GreenChip III TEA1751: integrated PFC and flyback controller
385 V (DC) at high mains, the PFC output voltage is 250 V (DC) at low mains. A voltage of
2.2 V at pin VINSENSE corresponds with a mains input voltage of approximately
180 V (AC). The small slope at the transfer function ensures stable switch over of the PFC
output voltage without hiccups.
2.2 V
VVINSENSE
–15µA
II(VOSENSE)
Fig 7.
014aaa770
Transfer function of VINSENSE voltage to dual boost current at VOSENSE
At low output loads, the PFC is switched off to ensure a high efficiency, and a low no-load
standby input power. After switch off, the bulk electrolytic capacitor voltage drops to
Vac  2.
4.1 PFC output power and voltage control
The PFC of the TEA1751(L)T is on-time controlled, therefore it is not necessary to
measure the mains phase angle. The on-time is kept constant during the half sine wave to
obtain a good power factor (PF), and a class-D Mains Harmonics Reduction (MHR) (see
Ref. 2).
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GreenChip III TEA1751: integrated PFC and flyback controller
ramp oscillator
+
VM
C
S
voltage
comparator
Idis
V-
current
multiplier
VVINSENSE
V/I
TRANSDUCER
VR
V+
VS
I2
I2
+
-
VPFCGATE
Q
S
I1
Vosc
VVOSENSE
R
Vp
transconductance
amplifier
ton limiting
circuit
VREF
PFC
OSCILLATOR
VALLEY
DETECTION
VVALLEY
ICOMP
VPFCAUX
R1 C2
compensation
network
C1
014aaa771
Fig 8.
PFC on-time control
To stabilize the PFC control loop, a network with one resistor and two capacitors at the
PFCCOMP pin is used. The mathematical equation for the transfer function of a boost
converter contains the square of the mains input voltage. In a typical application this
results in a low regulation bandwidth for low mains input voltages and a high regulation
bandwidth at high input voltage, while at high mains input voltages it can be difficult to
meet the MHR requirements. The TEA1751(L)T uses the mains input voltage measured
through the VINSENSE pin to compensate the control loop gain as function of the mains
input voltage. As a result the gain is constant over the entire mains input voltage range.
The voltage at the VINSENSE pin must be an average DC value, representing the mains
input voltage. The system works optimal with a time constant of approximately 150 ms at
the VINSENSE pin.
4.1.1 Setting the PFC output voltage
The PFC output voltage is set with a resistor divider between the PFC output voltage and
the VOSENSE pin. In PFC Normal mode, the PFC output voltage is regulated so that the
voltage on the VOSENSE pin is equal to Vreg(VOSENSE) = 2.5 V.
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D1
Vo(PFC)
PFC stage
C3
1.5 mA
VINSENSE
R5
R6
2.2 V
VOSENSE
TEA1751
C4
R7
Place C4 and R7
as close as
possible to the IC
014aaa772
Fig 9.
PFC output voltage setting
For low no-load input power two resistors of 4.7 M (1 %) can be used between the bulk
electrolytic capacitor and the VOSENSE pin. The dimensioning of the Ibst(DUAL) current
source (15 A) has been adapted to the usage of these resistor values. With a resistor
value of 4.7 M for R5 and R6 and 60 k to 62 k for R7, a universal mains adapter has
a PFC output voltage of approximately 380 V to 390 V at high mains and 240 V to 250 V
at low mains.
The resistor R7 (1 %) between the VOSENSE pin and ground can be calculated with
equation:
 R5 + R6   V reg  VOSENSE 
R7 = ------------------------------------------------------------------ V O  PFC  – V reg  VOSENSE  
(5)
Suppose that the regulated PFC output voltage is 382 V, then:
 4.7 M + 4.7 M   2.5 V
R7 = ---------------------------------------------------------------------- = 62 k  1 % 
 382 V – 2.5 V 
At low mains, the 15 A current source Ibst(DUAL) is active. The lower PFC output voltage
can be calculated with Equation 6:
R5 + R6 + R7
V O  PFC LOW = ---------------------------------   V reg  VOSENSE  – I bst  DUAL   R7 
R7
(6)
With 4.7 M for R5 and R6 and 62 k for R7 the lower PFC output voltage is calculated
as follows:
4.7 M + 4.7 M + 62 k
V O  PFC LOW = --------------------------------------------------------------------   2.5 V – 15 A  62 k  = 240 V
62 k
The function of the capacitor C4 at the VOSENSE pin is to filter noise and to prevent false
triggering of the protections, due to MOSFET switching noise, mains surge events or ESD
events. False triggering of the Vovp(VOSENSE) protection can cause audible noise and
disturbance of the AC mains input current. False triggering of the Vth(ol)(VOSENSE)
protection causes a safe restart cycle. A time constant of 500 ns to 1 ms, at the
VOSENSE pin should be sufficient, which results in a value of 10 nF for capacitor C4.
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Place R7 and C4 as close as possible to the IC between the VOSENSE pin and the IC
ground pin.
4.1.2 Calculation of the PFC soft start and stop components
The soft start and stop are implemented through the RC network at the PFCSENSE pin.
Rss1 must have a minimum value of 12 k as specified. This to ensure that the voltage
Vstart(soft)PFC of 0.5 V is reached to enable start-up of the PFC. See Section 3.1 for start-up
description.
Istartup(soft)PFC ≤ 60 μA
S1
SOFT START
CONTROL
RSS1
11
PFCSENSE
CSS1
RSENSE1
OCP
0.5 V
014aaa157
Fig 10. PFC soft start
The total soft start or soft stop time is equal to: t softstart = 3Rss1  Css1
Keep the soft start time of the PFC smaller than the soft start time of the flyback to ensure
that the PFC starts before the flyback at initial start-up. It is also advised that the soft start
time is kept within a range of 2 ms to 5 ms.
With C8 = 100 nF and R11 = 12 k, the total soft start time is 3.6 ms.
4.2 PFC demagnetizing and valley detection
The PFC MOSFET is switched on after the transformer is demagnetized. Internal circuitry
connected to the PFCAUX pin detects the end of the secondary stroke. It also detects the
voltage across the PFC MOSFET. To reduce switching losses and electromagnetic
interference (EMI) (valley switching) the next stroke is started if the voltage across the
PFC MOSFET is at its minimum.
The maximum switching frequency of the PFC is limited to 125 kHz to reduce the
switching losses. One or more valleys are skipped, when necessary, to keep the
frequency below 125 kHz.
If no demagnetization signal is detected on the PFCAUX pin, the controller generates a
Zero Current Signal (ZCS), 50 ms after the last PFC gate signal.
If no valley signal is detected on the PFCAUX pin, the controller generates a valley signal
4 s after demagnetization was detected.
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In some applications, the PI filter before the PFC inductor can start oscillating when the
PFC switching frequency is close to the third harmonic of the PI filter resonance
frequency. This can lead to false PFC valley detection. As a result, the PFC can run in
Continuous conduction mode. False detection can be suppressed by placing a diode
between the IC ground and the PFCAUX pin.
L1
C1
D1
L2
9
7
5
1
C3
C2
Q1
R27
TEA1751
PFCAUX
D27
014aaa773
Fig 11. PFCAUX circuitry
4.2.1 Design of the PFCAUX winding and circuit
To guarantee valley detection at low ringing amplitudes, the voltage at the PFCAUX pin
must be set as high as possible, taking into account its absolute maximum rating of 25 V.
The number of turns of the PFCAUX winding can be calculated as follows:
V PFC  AUX  
25 V
N a  max  = ----------------------------  N p = ------------------  N p
V L  max 
V L  max 
(7)
Where: VPFCAUX is the absolute maximum rating of the PFCAUX pin, and VL(max) is the
maximum voltage across the PFC primary winding. The PFC output voltage at the
PFCOVP level determines the maximum voltage across the PFC primary winding and can
be calculated with equation:
V OVP  VOSENSE 
2.63 V
V L  max  = --------------------------------------  V O  PFC  = ----------------  V O  PFC 
V reg  VOSENSE 
2.5 V
(8)
When a PFC coil with a higher number of auxiliary turns is used, then a resistor voltage
divider can be placed between the auxiliary winding and pin PFCAUX. The total resistive
value of the divider should be less than 10 k to prevent delay of the valley detection by
parasitic capacitance.
The polarity of the signal at the PFCAUX pin must be reversed compared to the PFC
MOSFET drain signal.
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To protect the PFCAUX pin against electrical overstress, for example during lighting surge
events, put a 5 k resistor between the PFC auxiliary winding and this pin. To prevent
incorrect valley switching of the PFC due to external disturbance, the resistor should be
placed close to the IC.
4.3 PFC protections
4.3.1 VOSENSE OverVoltage Protection (OVP)
At start-up or at the transition from PFC Burst mode to PFC Normal mode, a voltage
overshoot can occur at the boost electrolytic capacitor. This overshoot is caused by the
relative slow response of the PFC control loop. The PFC control loop response must be
relatively slow to guarantee a good power factor and meet the MHR requirements. The
OverVoltage Protection (OVP) at the VOSENSE pin limits the overshoot. At the moment
that the VOVP(VOSENSE) level of 2.63 V is detected, the PFC MOSFET is switched off
immediately, regardless of the on-time setting. The switching of the MOSFET remains
blocked until the voltage at the VOSENSE pin drops below 2.63 V again.
When the resistor between the VOSENSE pin and ground is open, the OVP is also
triggered.
The peak voltage at the boost electrolytic capacitor generated by the PFC due to an
overshoot and limited by the PFC OVP can be calculated with the equation:
V ovp  VOSENSE 
2.63 V
V O  PFC_peak  = ------------------------------------  V O  PFC_nominal  = ----------------  V O  PFC_nominal 
V reg  VOSENSE 
2.5 V
(9)
4.3.2 VOSENSE open and short pin detection
The VOSENSE pin, which is sensing the PFC output voltage, has integrated protection
circuitry to detect an open and short-circuited pin. This pin can also sense if one of the
resistors in the voltage divider is open. Therefore the VOSENSE pin is fail-safe. It is not
necessary to add an external OVP circuit for the PFC. An internal current source pulls
down the pin below the Vth(ol)(VOSENSE) detection level of 1.15 V, when the pin is open. At
detection of the Vth(ol)(VOSENSE) level switching of the PFC MOSFET is blocked until the
voltage at the VOSENSE pin rises above 1.15 V again.
4.3.3 VINSENSE open pin detection
The VINSENSE pin, which senses the mains input voltage, has an integrated protection
circuit to detect an open pin. An internal current source pulls down the pin below the
Vstop(VINSENSE) level of 0.9 V, when the pin is open.
4.3.4 OverCurrent Protection (OCP)
An OverCurrent Protection (OCP) limits the maximum current through the PFC MOSFET
and PFC coil. The current is measured via a current sense resistor in series with the
MOSFET source. The MOSFET is switched off immediately when the voltage at pin
PFCSENSE exceeds the Vsense(PFC)max level of 0.52 V. The OCP is a switching
cycle-by-switching cycle protection.
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To avoid false triggering of the PFC OCP by switching of the flyback, keep a margin of
0.1 V into account. False triggering of the VOVP(VOSENSE) protection can cause
disturbance of the AC mains input current. It is also advised that a small capacitor of
100 pF to 220 pF is placed directly at the PFCSENSE pin to any suppress external
disturbance.
The current sense resistor can be calculated as follows:
V sense  PFC max – V m arg in
0.52 V – 0.1 V
R OCP  PFC  = ------------------------------------------------------------- = ----------------------------------Ip QR  PFC max
Ip QR  PFC max
(10)
Where: IpQR(PFC)max is the maximum PFC peak current at the high load and low mains.
For the PFC operating in Quasi Resonant mode the maximum peak current can be
calculated with equation:
Ip QR  PFC max
Po max
2 2  ---------------  1.1
2 2  Pi max  1.1

= ----------------------------------------- = -----------------------------------------Vac max
Vac max
(11)
Where:
• Pomax is the maximum output power of the flyback
• 1.1 is a factor to compensate for the dead time between zero current in the PFC
inductor at the end of the secondary stroke and the detection of the first valley in QR
mode
•  is the expected efficiency of the total converter at maximum output power
• Vacmin is minimum mains input voltage
5. Flyback description and calculation
The flyback of the TEA1751(L)T is a variable frequency controller that can operate in
Quasi Resonant (QR) or Discontinuous Conduction mode with demagnetization detection
and valley switching.
The setting of the primary peak current controls the output power; the switching frequency
is a result. The primary peak current is set through the voltage at the FBCTRL pin and
measured back at the FBSENSE pin with the following relationship:
V sense  FB   0.75  V FBCTRL – 1 V
(12)
The flyback controls the operational mode of the PFC. At low output powers, when the
primary peak current, Ip  0.25  Ip max the PFC is switched off.
Demagnetization of the flyback transformer is detected through pin FBAUX, connected to
the auxiliary winding. The valley is detected through the HV pin, which can be connected
to the MOSFET drain or to the center tap of the primary winding.
The input voltage of the flyback is measured through pin FBAUX and used to implement
and OverPower Protection (OPP). The OPP keeps the maximum output power of the
flyback constant over the input voltage.
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The flyback has an accurate OverVoltage Protection (OVP) circuit. The overvoltage is
measured, through pin FBAUX. Both controllers are switched off in a latched protection
when an overvoltage is detected.
5.1 Flyback output power control
An important aspect of the TEA1751(L)T flyback system is, that the setting of the primary
peak current controls the output power. The switching frequency is a result of external
application parameters and internal IC parameters.
External application parameters are the transformer turns ratio, the primary inductance,
the drain source capacitance, the input voltage, the output voltage and the feedback
signal from the control loop. Internal IC parameters are the oscillator setting, the setting of
the peak current and the detection of demagnetization and valley.
The output power of flyback can be described with the equation:
1
2
P o = ---  L p  L p  f s  
2
(13)
At initial start-up, the flyback always starts at the maximum output power. From maximum
to minimum output power, the flyback goes through the three operation modes as shown
Figure 12.
fsw(fb)max
PFC off
PFC on
frequency
reduction
switching frequency
discontinuous
with valley
switching
quasi resonant
output power
014aaa158
Fig 12. Operation modes flyback
At maximum output power, limited by the flyback current sense resistor, the flyback
operates in Quasi Resonant (QR) mode. The next primary switching cycle starts at
detection of the first valley.
By reducing the peak current, the output power is reduced and as a result the switching
frequency goes up. When the maximum flyback switching frequency is reached and the
output power still must be reduced, the flyback goes from QR into Discontinuous mode
(DCM) with valley switching.
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In DCM, the output power is reduced by further reduction of the peak current and at the
same time skipping of one or more valleys. In this mode, the switching frequency is kept
constant. The exact switching frequency however, depends on the detection of the valley
but is never higher as the maximum frequency.
The minimum flyback peak current: Ip min = 0.25  Ip max . At this point, the flyback enters
the Frequency Reduction mode and the PFC is set in Burst mode. In the Frequency
Reduction mode, the peak current is kept constant. Increasing the off time reduces the
output power.
Place a 10 nF noise filter capacitor (C15) as close as possible to the FBTRL pin to avoid
disturbance of the flyback by switching of the PFC MOSFET.
5.1.1 Calculation of the flyback current sense resistor
The current sense resistor ROCP(fb) can be calculated with Equation 14:
V sense  fb max
0.52 V
R OCP  fb  = ------------------------------- = ---------------------------Ip QR  fb max
Ip QR  fb max
(14)
For the flyback operating in Quasi Resonant mode the peak current can be calculated with
Equation 15:
Ip QR  fb max
Np
Vdc min + ------  V o
2Po max  1.1
Ns
= ------------------------------  ----------------------------------------  Vdc min
Np
------  V o
Ns
(15)
Where:
• Pomax is the maximum output power of the flyback
• 1.1 is a factor that compensates for the dead time between zero current in the flyback
transformer at the end of the secondary stroke and the detection of the first valley in
QR mode
•  is the expected efficiency of the flyback at maximum output power
Vdcmin is minimum bulk electrolytic capacitor voltage in PFC Burst mode as follows:
V burst  L 
1.92 V
Vdc min = Vo PFC   ----------------------------------- = Vo PFC  --------------- V reg  VOSENSE 
 2.5 V
• Vo is the output voltage
• Np is the number of primary turns of the flyback transformer
• Ns is the number of secondary turns of the flyback transformer.
5.1.2 Calculation of the flyback soft start components
The soft start is implemented through the RC network at pin FBSENSE.
Rss1 must have a minimum value of 12 k as specified. This to ensure that the voltage
Vstart(soft)PFC of 0.5 V is reached to enable start-up of the flyback. See Section 3.1 for
start-up description.
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The total soft start or soft stop time is equal to: t softstart = 3Rss  Css .
Make the soft start time for the flyback larger than the soft start time of the PFC, to ensure
that the PFC starts before the flyback at initial start-up. It is also advisable to keep the soft
start time in a range of 5 ms to 10 ms.
With C10 = 220 nF and R16 = 12 k the total soft start time is 8 ms.
5.2 Flyback control of PFC Burst mode
The flyback controls the operation mode of the PFC. At low output powers, when the
primary peak current Ip  0.25  Ip max , the PFC is switched off. This is the same point as
when the flyback enters the Frequency Reduction mode, see Figure 12 and Section 4.1.
On the transition from PFC Normal mode to Burst mode and from Burst mode to Normal
mode is a hysteresis of 60 mV on Vhys(FBCTRL). This provides the possibility of smooth
transitions for all applications. To guarantee a smooth transition from PFC off to PFC on
and to avoid audible noise in flyback transformer, place the 10 nF noise filter capacitor
C15 as close as possible to the FBTRL pin .
5.3 Flyback protections
5.3.1 Short circuit on the FBCTRL pin
If the pin is shorted to ground, switching of the flyback controller is inhibited. This situation
is equal to the minimum, or a no output power situation.
5.3.2 Open the FBCTRL pin
As shown in Figure 13. the FBCTRL pin is connected to an internal voltage source of 3.5
V via an internal resistor of 3 k. When the voltage on pin FBCTRL is above 2.5 V, this
connection is disabled and the FBCTRL pin is biased with an internal 30 A current
source. When the voltage on the FBCTRL pin rises above Vto(FBCTRL) of 4.5 V, a fault is
assumed. Switching of the flyback (and also the PFC) is blocked and the controller enters
the Safe Restart mode.
An internal switch pulls the FBCTRL pin down when the flyback is disabled.
5.3.3 Time-out flyback control-loop
A time-out function can be realized to protect for an output short circuit at initial start-up or
for an open control loop situation. This can be done by placing a resistor in series with a
capacitor between the FBCTRL pin and ground.
See Figure 13. Above 2.5 V the switch in series with the resistor of 3 k is opened and pin
FBCTRL and thus the RC combination is biased with a 30 A current-source. When the
voltage on FBCTRL pin rises above 4.5 V, switching of the flyback (and also the PFC) is
blocked and the controller enters the Safe Restart mode. The capacitor can be used to set
the time to reach 4.5 V at the FBCTRL pin. The resistor is necessary to separate the
relative large time-out capacitor from the control loop response. Use a resistor of at least
30 k. The resistor however, also influences the charge time of the capacitor.
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The time-out time tto can be calculated with Equation 16:
C to   V to  FBCTRL  –  I O  FBCTRL   R to  
t to = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I O  FBCTRL 
(16)
Otherwise the capacitor can be calculated with Equation 17:
I O  FBCTRL   t to
C to = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------V to  FBCTRL  –  I O  FBCTRL   R to 
(17)
Or the resistor can be calculated with Equation 18:
v to  FBCTRL  t to
R to = ---------------------------- – -------I O  FBCTRL  C to
(18)
A tto of 37 ms in combination with a Cto of 330 nF leads to a resistor value of:
4.5 V 37 ms
R to = --------------- – ------------------ = 37.9 k  39 k
30 A 330 nF
When the time-out protection is not required, placing a resistor of 100 k between pin
FBCTRL and ground can disable the time-out protection.
2.5 V
3.5 V
30 μA
4.5 V
3 kΩ
FBCTRL
time-out
014aaa049
a. Circuit diagram
4.5 V
2.5 V
VFBCTRL
output
voltage
intended output
voltage not
reached within
time-out time.
restart
intended output voltage
reached within time-out
time.
014aaa050
b. Timing diagram
Fig 13. Time-out protection
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5.3.4 Overvoltage protection flyback
The IC has an internal OverVoltage Protection (OVP) circuit, which switches off both
controllers when an overvoltage is detected at the output of the flyback, by a latched
protection. The IC can detect an overvoltage at a secondary winding of the flyback by
measuring the voltage at the auxiliary winding during the secondary stroke. A series
resistor between the auxiliary winding and the FBAUX pin converts this voltage to a
current on the FBAUX pin.
D5
T1
VCC
C13
1
PRIM
D23A
D10
TEA1751
2
4
R23
FBAUX
AUX
SEC
ROVP = R23
ROPP = R23 + R23A
014aaa774
Fig 14. Flyback OVP and OPP circuit
At a current Iovp(FBAUX) of 300 A into the FBAUX pin, the IC detects an overvoltage. An
internal integrator filters noise and voltage spikes. The output of the integrator is used as
an input for an up-down counter. The counter has been added as an extra filter to prevent
false OVP detection, which might occur during ESD or lightning events.
If the integrator detects an overvoltage, the counter increases its value by one. If another
overvoltage is detected during the next switching cycle, the counter increases its value by
one again. If no overvoltage is detected during the next switching cycle, then the counter
will subtract its value by two (the minimum value is 0). If the value reaches 8, the IC
assumes a true overvoltage, and activates the latched protection. Both converters are
switched off immediately and VCC starts cycling between the Vth(UVLO) and Vstartup, without
a restart.
Switching off and then switching on the mains input voltage, triggers the fast latch reset
circuit, and reset the latch.
The OVP level can be set by the resistor ROVP:
R OVP
AUX
N
------------  Vo OVP – V clamp  FBAUX  – Vf D23A
 Ns

= ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =
I OVP  FBAUX 
AUX
N
------------  Vo OVP – 0.7  typ  – Vf D23A
 Ns

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(19)
300 A  typ 
Where:
•
•
•
•
AN10789
Application note
Ns is the number of turns on the secondary winding
Naux is the number of turns on the auxiliary winding of the flyback transformer
Vclamp(FBAUX) is the positive clamp voltage of the FBAUX pin
VfD23A is the forward voltage of D23A at a current of 300 A
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For the calculation of the VoOVP level, the tolerances on Iovp(FBAUX) must be taken into
account, this to avoid triggering of the OVP during normal operation.
5.3.5 OverPower Protection (OPP)
In a quasi-resonant flyback, the maximum output power is dependent on the (mains) input
voltage. To compensate for this, an OPP is implemented. During the primary stroke of the
flyback the mains voltage is sensed by measuring the current drawn from pin FBAUX.
See Figure 14, with a resistor between the flyback auxiliary winding and pin FBAUX the
voltage at the auxiliary winding is converted into a current IFBAUX. The IC is using the
current information to reduce the setting of the maximum flyback peak current measured
through pin FBSENSE. See Figure 15 for the limitation of the maximum VFBSENSE level as
a function of IFBAUX.
014aaa096
0.6
VFBSENSE
(V)
0.52
0.5
0.4
0.37
0.3
−400
−360
−300
−200
−100
0
IFBAUX (μA)
Fig 15. Operation modes flyback
See Figure 14, the total OPP resistance determining the IFBAUX current during the primary
stroke of the flyback exists of R23 + R23A. First, the OVP resistor R23 has to be
calculated before the remaining part of the OPP resistor R23A can be calculated.
The value of R23A can be calculated with Equation 20:
N
-----a-  Vo PFC  LOW  – V clamp  FBAUX 
Np
R23A = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =
I start  OPP FBAUX
N
-----a-  240 V – 0.8 V
Np
-------------------------------------------- – R OVP
100 A
(20)
6. Summary of calculations
See Figure 1 “Application schematic” for component reference numbers.
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7. PCB layout considerations
A good layout is an important part of the final design. It minimizes many kinds of
disturbances and makes the overall performance more robust with less risk of EMI.
Guidelines for the improvement of the layout of the PCB are as follows:
• Separate large signal grounds from small signal grounds (see Figure 17). A triangular
symbol indicates small signal grounds. All other ground symbols are related to large
signal grounds.
• Make the print area within the indicated large signal loops (see Figure 17) as small as
possible. Each indicated large signal loop has its own color. Make the copper tracks
as short and wide as possible.
• The connection between both MOSFETs (PFC and flyback) and the IC driver outputs
must be as short as possible (green line in Figure 17). Use wide tracks. Increase the
distance between the copper tracks and/or preferably use a separate guided ground
track for both connections minimizing the coupling between the PFCDRIVER and
FBDRIVER. A circuit diagram according to Figure 16 can be added if it is impossible
to place the MOSFET and the IC close to each other.
• The power ground and small signal ground are only connected with one short copper
track (make this track as short and as wide as possible). Preferably, it should become
one spot (connection between ground 4a and ground 6a, shown as a blue line in
Figure 17).
• Use a ground shield underneath the IC, connect this ground shield to the GND pin of
the IC.
• Connect all series connected resistors that are fixed to an IC pin as close as possible
to that pin.
• Connect heat sinks which are connected to the nearest corresponding ground signal
component. Make this connection as short as possible. Connect the heat sink of diode
bridge BD1 to ground 1, Q1 to 4, and Q2 to 4b. In typical applications, all three
components are often mounted on a single heat sink. If so, make one wide copper
track that connects all three grounds to each other. Also combine in this copper track
ground 2.
• Connect the grounds of 6b to each other.
• Make a local "star ground" from grounds 6a, 6b, 6c, and 7. Ground 6a is the middle of
the star and is connected to the GND pin (the ground of the IC).
• Grounds marked 7 do not have to be a star ground.
• Place the Y-capacitor across grounds 1 and 8. Use one copper track, separated from
all others for this connection. Alternatively, in a typical application setup, use the heat
sinks connection copper track for this purpose.
• Place C4, C15 and C7 (in order of priority) as close as possible to the IC. Reduce
coupling between the PFC switching signals (PFC driver and PFCAUX) and the
flyback sense signals (FBSENSE and FBCTRL) as much as possible. The coupling
reduction minimizes the risk of electromagnetic interference and audible noise.
• Figure 17 shows an overview of the hierarchy of the different grounds at the bottom.
Connect the anode of the TL431 (ground 8) to ground 9 using one special separately
connecting copper track. Minimize all other currents in this special track. Make the
connection as close as possible to the output.
AN10789
Application note
All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.
Rev. 1.1 — 4 September 2013
© NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved.
26 of 31
AN10789
NXP Semiconductors
GreenChip III TEA1751: integrated PFC and flyback controller
Remark: Use the circuit shown in Figure 16 when the distance between the IC drive
output and corresponding MOSFET are relatively large.
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Fig 16. Switching off the MOSFET when the distance between IC and MOSFET is large
AN10789
Application note
All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.
Rev. 1.1 — 4 September 2013
© NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved.
27 of 31
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AN10789
28 of 31
© NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved.
ODUJHVLJQDOFXUUHQWORRS
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GreenChip III TEA1751: integrated PFC and flyback controller
Rev. 1.1 — 4 September 2013
All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.
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AN10789
Application note
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AN10789
NXP Semiconductors
GreenChip III TEA1751: integrated PFC and flyback controller
8. References
AN10789
Application note
[1]
IEC-60950 — Chapter 2.1.1.7 “Discharge of capacitors in equipment”
[2]
IEC61000-3-2 —
All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.
Rev. 1.1 — 4 September 2013
© NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved.
29 of 31
AN10789
NXP Semiconductors
GreenChip III TEA1751: integrated PFC and flyback controller
9. Legal information
9.1
Definitions
Draft — The document is a draft version only. The content is still under
internal review and subject to formal approval, which may result in
modifications or additions. NXP Semiconductors does not give any
representations or warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of
information included herein and shall have no liability for the consequences of
use of such information.
9.2
NXP Semiconductors does not accept any liability related to any default,
damage, costs or problem which is based on any weakness or default in the
customer’s applications or products, or the application or use by customer’s
third party customer(s). Customer is responsible for doing all necessary
testing for the customer’s applications and products using NXP
Semiconductors products in order to avoid a default of the applications and
the products or of the application or use by customer’s third party
customer(s). NXP does not accept any liability in this respect.
Export control — This document as well as the item(s) described herein
may be subject to export control regulations. Export might require a prior
authorization from competent authorities.
Disclaimers
Limited warranty and liability — Information in this document is believed to
be accurate and reliable. However, NXP Semiconductors does not give any
representations or warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or
completeness of such information and shall have no liability for the
consequences of use of such information. NXP Semiconductors takes no
responsibility for the content in this document if provided by an information
source outside of NXP Semiconductors.
In no event shall NXP Semiconductors be liable for any indirect, incidental,
punitive, special or consequential damages (including - without limitation - lost
profits, lost savings, business interruption, costs related to the removal or
replacement of any products or rework charges) whether or not such
damages are based on tort (including negligence), warranty, breach of
contract or any other legal theory.
Notwithstanding any damages that customer might incur for any reason
whatsoever, NXP Semiconductors’ aggregate and cumulative liability towards
customer for the products described herein shall be limited in accordance
with the Terms and conditions of commercial sale of NXP Semiconductors.
Right to make changes — NXP Semiconductors reserves the right to make
changes to information published in this document, including without
limitation specifications and product descriptions, at any time and without
notice. This document supersedes and replaces all information supplied prior
to the publication hereof.
Suitability for use — NXP Semiconductors products are not designed,
authorized or warranted to be suitable for use in life support, life-critical or
safety-critical systems or equipment, nor in applications where failure or
malfunction of an NXP Semiconductors product can reasonably be expected
to result in personal injury, death or severe property or environmental
damage. NXP Semiconductors and its suppliers accept no liability for
inclusion and/or use of NXP Semiconductors products in such equipment or
applications and therefore such inclusion and/or use is at the customer’s own
risk.
Applications — Applications that are described herein for any of these
products are for illustrative purposes only. NXP Semiconductors makes no
representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the
specified use without further testing or modification.
Customers are responsible for the design and operation of their applications
and products using NXP Semiconductors products, and NXP Semiconductors
accepts no liability for any assistance with applications or customer product
design. It is customer’s sole responsibility to determine whether the NXP
Semiconductors product is suitable and fit for the customer’s applications and
products planned, as well as for the planned application and use of
customer’s third party customer(s). Customers should provide appropriate
design and operating safeguards to minimize the risks associated with their
applications and products.
Evaluation products — This product is provided on an “as is” and “with all
faults” basis for evaluation purposes only. NXP Semiconductors, its affiliates
and their suppliers expressly disclaim all warranties, whether express, implied
or statutory, including but not limited to the implied warranties of
non-infringement, merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The
entire risk as to the quality, or arising out of the use or performance, of this
product remains with customer.
In no event shall NXP Semiconductors, its affiliates or their suppliers be liable
to customer for any special, indirect, consequential, punitive or incidental
damages (including without limitation damages for loss of business, business
interruption, loss of use, loss of data or information, and the like) arising out
the use of or inability to use the product, whether or not based on tort
(including negligence), strict liability, breach of contract, breach of warranty or
any other theory, even if advised of the possibility of such damages.
Notwithstanding any damages that customer might incur for any reason
whatsoever (including without limitation, all damages referenced above and
all direct or general damages), the entire liability of NXP Semiconductors, its
affiliates and their suppliers and customer’s exclusive remedy for all of the
foregoing shall be limited to actual damages incurred by customer based on
reasonable reliance up to the greater of the amount actually paid by customer
for the product or five dollars (US$5.00). The foregoing limitations, exclusions
and disclaimers shall apply to the maximum extent permitted by applicable
law, even if any remedy fails of its essential purpose.
Safety of high-voltage evaluation products — The non-insulated high
voltages that are present when operating this product, constitute a risk of
electric shock, personal injury, death and/or ignition of fire. This product is
intended for evaluation purposes only. It shall be operated in a designated
test area by personnel that is qualified according to local requirements and
labor laws to work with non-insulated mains voltages and high-voltage
circuits.
The product does not comply with IEC 60950 based national or regional
safety standards. NXP Semiconductors does not accept any liability for
damages incurred due to inappropriate use of this product or related to
non-insulated high voltages. Any use of this product is at customer’s own risk
and liability. The customer shall fully indemnify and hold harmless NXP
Semiconductors from any liability, damages and claims resulting from the use
of the product.
Translations — A non-English (translated) version of a document is for
reference only. The English version shall prevail in case of any discrepancy
between the translated and English versions.
9.3
Trademarks
Notice: All referenced brands, product names, service names and trademarks
are the property of their respective owners.
GreenChip — is a trademark of NXP B.V.
AN10789
Application note
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Rev. 1.1 — 4 September 2013
© NXP B.V. 2013. All rights reserved.
30 of 31
AN10789
NXP Semiconductors
GreenChip III TEA1751: integrated PFC and flyback controller
10. Contents
1
1.1
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3
1.2.4
1.3
2
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.5
3.6
3.7
4
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.2
4.2.1
4.3
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
4.3.4
5
5.1
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.2
5.3
5.3.1
5.3.2
5.3.3
5.3.4
5.3.5
6
7
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
The TEA1751 GreenChip III controller . . . . . . . 3
Key features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
System features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
PFC features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Flyback features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Application schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
System description and calculation. . . . . . . . . 8
PFC and flyback start conditions . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Start-up sequence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
VCC cycle at safe restart protections. . . . . . . . 10
Mains voltage sensing and brownout . . . . . . . 10
Discharge of mains input capacitor. . . . . . . . . 10
Brownout voltage adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Internal OTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
LATCH pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Fast latch reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
PFC description and calculation . . . . . . . . . . 12
PFC output power and voltage control . . . . . . 13
Setting the PFC output voltage. . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Calculation of the PFC soft start and stop
components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
PFC demagnetizing and valley detection . . . . 16
Design of the PFCAUX winding and circuit . . 17
PFC protections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
VOSENSE OverVoltage Protection (OVP) . . . 18
VOSENSE open and short pin detection . . . . 18
VINSENSE open pin detection . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
OverCurrent Protection (OCP) . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Flyback description and calculation . . . . . . . 19
Flyback output power control . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Calculation of the flyback current
sense resistor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Calculation of the flyback soft
start components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Flyback control of PFC Burst mode . . . . . . . . 22
Flyback protections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Short circuit on the FBCTRL pin . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Open the FBCTRL pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Time-out flyback control-loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Overvoltage protection flyback . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
OverPower Protection (OPP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Summary of calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
PCB layout considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
8
9
9.1
9.2
9.3
10
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Disclaimers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
30
30
30
30
31
Please be aware that important notices concerning this document and the product(s)
described herein, have been included in section ‘Legal information’.
© NXP B.V. 2013.
All rights reserved.
For more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com
For sales office addresses, please send an email to: [email protected]
Date of release: 4 September 2013
Document identifier: AN10789