Circuit Note CN-0036 Circuit Designs Using Analog Devices Products Apply these product pairings quickly and with confidence. For more information and/or support call 1-800-AnalogD (1-800-262-5643) or visit www.analog.com/circuit. Devices Connected/Referenced AD5426/AD5432/ AD5443 8-Bit/10-Bit/12-Bit Multiplying DACs AD8066 Dual, High Performance FastFETTM Amplifier Precision, Bipolar Configuration for the AD5426/AD5432/AD5443 8-Bit to12-Bit DACs This circuit is a bipolar, precision dc DAC configuration that employs a precision multiplying DAC and a low noise operational amplifier (op amp). The DAC is the coreprogrammable element and the amplifier selection dictates the performance in terms of precision or speed. For an accurate, high precision, low noise application, a dual op amp such as the AD8066 can be used to provide the current-to-voltage conversion and the bipolar output. This circuit uses the ADR01, which is a high accuracy, high stability, 10 V precision voltage reference. The reference is connected to the VREF input of the circuit in Figure 1. Because voltage reference temperature coefficient and long-term drift are primary considerations for applications requiring highprecision conversion, this device is an ideal candidate. R3 20kΩ VDD1 = 5.0V CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION Using a single op amp, this circuit can be configured to provide 2-quadrant multiplying operation. When a single op amp (A1) is connected, the output voltage of A1 is given by VOUT(A1) = − VREF × (D/2N) where D is the digital word loaded to the DAC and N is the number of bits: D = 0 to 255 (8-bit AD5426), D = 0 to 1023 (10-bit AD5432), and D = 0 to 4095 (12-bit AD5443). In some applications, it may be necessary to generate a full 4-quadrant multiplying operation or a bipolar output swing. This can easily be accomplished by using another external amplifier (A2) and some external resistors, as shown in Figure 1. In this circuit, the second amplifier, A2, provides a gain of 2. Biasing the external amplifier with an offset from the reference voltage results in a full 4-quadrant multiplying operation. The transfer function of this circuit shows that both negative and positive output voltages are created as the input data, D, is incremented from code zero (VOUT = − VREF) to midscale (VOUT = 0 V) to full scale (VOUT = + VREF). The equation for VOUT is given by VOUT = VREF × (D/2N-1) − VREF where D is the digital word loaded to the DAC and N is the number of bits: D = 0 to 255 (8-bit AD5426); D = 0 to 1023 (10-bit AD5432); and D = 0 to 4095 (12-bit AD5443). R5 20kΩ R2 VDD = +12V VDD VREF ±10V R1 VREF AD5426/ AD5432/ AD5443 C1 RFB IOUT1 VDD = +12V A1 A1 R4 10kΩ IOUT2 A2 VOUT = –VREF TO + VREF SYNC SCLK SDIN GND VSS = –12V MICROCONTROLLER VSS = –12V AGND NOTES 1. R1 AND R2 ARE USED ONLY IF GAIN ADJUSTMENT IS REQUIRED. ADJUST R1 FOR VOUT = 0V WITH CODE 10000000 LOADED TO DAC. 2. MATCHING AND TRACKING IS ESSENTIAL FOR RESISTOR PAIRS R3 AND R4. 3. C1 PHASE COMPENSATION (1pF TO 2pF) MAY BE REQUIRED IF A1/A2 IS A HIGH SPEED AMPLIFIER. 08270-001 CIRCUIT FUNCTION AND BENEFITS Figure 1. Bipolar, Precision DC Conversion (Simplified Schematic) The supply voltage of the op amp limits the reference voltage that can be used with the DAC. An op amp’s bias current and offset voltage are both important selection criteria for precision current output DACs. Therefore, this circuit employs the AD8066 op amp, which has ultralow offset voltage (0.4 mV typical) and bias current (2 pA typical). The input offset voltage of the op amp, A1, is multiplied by the variable noise gain (due to the code-dependent output resistance of the DAC) of the circuit. A change in this noise gain between two adjacent digital codes produces a step change in the output voltage due to the amplifier’s input offset voltage. This output voltage change is superimposed on the desired change in output between the two codes and gives rise to a differential linearity error that, if large enough, could cause the Rev. A “Circuits from the Lab” from Analog Devices have been designed and built by Analog Devices engineers. Standard engineering practices have been employed in the design and construction of each circuit, and their function and performance have been tested and verified in a lab environment at room temperature. However, you are solely responsible for testing the circuit and determining its suitability and applicability for your use and application. Accordingly, in no event shall Analog Devices be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental, consequential or punitive damages due to any cause whatsoever connected to the use of any“Circuit from the Lab”. (Continued on last page) One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781.461.3113 ©2008–2009 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. CN-0036 Circuit Note DAC to be nonmonotonic. In general, the input offset voltage should be a fraction of an LSB to ensure monotonic behavior when stepping through codes. For the 12-bit AD5443, the LSB size is 10 V/212 = 2.44 mV, while the input offset voltage of the AD8066 is only 0.4 mV. Excellent grounding, layout, and decoupling techniques must be used for proper operation of the circuit. All power supply pins should be decoupled directly at the pin with a low inductance, 0.1 µF ceramic capacitor. The connection to ground should be directly to a large area ground plane. Additional decoupling using a 1 µF to10 µF electrolytic capacitor is recommended on each power supply where it enters the PC board. The decoupling capacitors are not shown in Figure 1 for simplicity. COMMON VARIATIONS The OP2177 is another excellent dual op amp candidate for the I-V conversion circuit. It also provides a low offset voltage (15 µV typical) and ultralow bias current (0.5 nA typical). The ADR02 and ADR03, with 5.0 V and 2.5 V output respectively, are other low noise references available from the same reference family as the ADR01. Another family of low noise references that would be suitable are the ADR441 and ADR445 products. Note that the value of the reference input voltage, VREF, is restricted by the rail-to-rail output voltage swing of the operational amplifier selected. LEARN MORE MT-015 Tutorial, Basic DAC Architectures II: Binary DACs. Analog Devices. MT-031 Tutorial, Grounding Data Converters and Solving the Mystery of AGND and DGND. Analog Devices. MT-033 Tutorial, Voltage Feedback Op Amp Gain and Bandwidth. Analog Devices. MT-035 Tutorial, Op Amp Inputs, Outputs, Single-Supply, and Rail-to-Rail Issues. Analog Devices. MT-101 Tutorial, Decoupling Techniques. Analog Devices. Voltage Reference Wizard Design Tool. Analog Devices. Data Sheets AD5426 Data Sheet. AD5432 Data Sheet. AD5443 Data Sheet. AD8066 Data Sheet. ADR01 Data Sheet. ADR02 Data Sheet. ADR03 Data Sheet. ADR441 Data Sheet. ADR445 Data Sheet. OP2177 Data Sheet. ADIsimPower Design Tool. Analog Devices. REVISION HISTORY Kester, Walt. 2005.The Data Conversion Handbook. Analog Devices. Chapters 3 and 7. 7/09—Rev. 0 to Rev. A Updated Format .................................................................. Universal (Continued from first page) "Circuits from the Lab" are intended only for use with Analog Devices products and are the intellectual property of Analog Devices or its licensors. While you may use the "Circuits from the Lab" in the design of your product, no other license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patents or other intellectual property by application or use of the "Circuits from the Lab". Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, "Circuits from the Lab" are supplied "as is" and without warranties of any kind, express, implied, or statutory including, but not limited to, any implied warranty of merchantability, noninfringement or fitness for a particular purpose and no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for their use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from their use. Analog Devices reserves the right to change any "Circuits from the Lab" at any time without notice, but is under no obligation to do so. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. ©2008–2009 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. CN08270-0-7/09(A) Rev. A | Page 2 of 2