ATMEL AT91X40

Features
• Incorporates the ARM7TDMI™ ARM® Thumb® Processor Core
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
– High-performance 32-bit RISC Architecture
– High-density 16-bit Instruction Set
– Leader in MIPS/Watt
– Embedded ICE (In-Circuit Emulation)
On-chip SRAM and/or ROM
– 32-bit Data Bus
– Single-clock Cycle Access
Fully Programmable External Bus Interface (EBI)
– Maximum External Address Space of 64M Bytes
– Up to 8 Chip Selects
– Software Programmable 8/16-bit External Databus
8-level Priority, Individually Maskable, Vectored Interrupt Controller
– 4 External Interrupts, Including a High-priority Low-latency Interrupt Request
32 Programmable I/O Lines
3-channel 16-bit Timer/Counter
– 3 External Clock Inputs
– 2 Multi-purpose I/O Pins per Channel
2 USARTs
– 2 Dedicated Peripheral Data Controller (PDC) Channels per USART
Programmable Watchdog Timer
Advanced Power-saving Features
– CPU and Peripheral Can be Deactivated Individually
Available in a 100-lead TQFP Package
Microcontroller
Primary SRAM Bank
Secondary SRAM Bank
ROM
AT91M40800
8K Bytes
–
–
AT91R40807
8K Bytes
128K Bytes
–
AT91M40807
8K Bytes
–
128K Bytes
AT91R40008
256K Bytes
–
–
AT91
ARM® Thumb®
Microcontrollers
AT91M40800
AT91R40807
AT91M40807
AT91R40008
Description
The AT91X40 Series is a subset of the Atmel AT91 16/32-bit microcontroller family,
which is based on the ARM7TDMI processor core. This processor has a high-performance 32-bit RISC architecture with a high-density 16-bit instruction set and very low
power consumption. In addition, a large number of internally banked registers result in
very fast exception handling, making the device ideal for real-time control applications.
The AT91X40 Series features a direct connection to off-chip memory, including Flash,
through the fully programmable External Bus Interface (EBI). An eight-level priority
vectored interrupt controller, in conjunction with the Peripheral Data Controller significantly improve the real-time performance of the device.
The devices are manufactured using Atmel’s high-density CMOS technology. By combining the ARM7TDMI processor core with on-chip high-speed memory and a wide
range of peripheral functions on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT91X40 Series is a family of powerful microcontrollers that offer a flexible, cost-effective solution to many
compute-intensive embedded control applications.
Rev. 1354D–ATARM–05/02
1
Pin Configuration
2
P21/TXD1/NTRI
P20/SCK1
P19
P18
P17
P16
P15/RXD0
P14/TXD0
P13/SCK0
P12/FIQ
GND
P11/IRQ2
P10/IRQ1
VDDIO
VDDCORE
P9/IRQ0
P8/TIOB2
P7/TIOA2
P6/TCLK2
P5/TIOB1
P4/TIOA1
P3/TCLK1
GND
GND
P2/TIOB0
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
Figure 1. AT91X40 Series Pinout (Top View)
P22/RXD1
76
50
P1/TIOA0
NWR1/NUB
77
49
P0/TCLK0
GND
78
48
D15
NRST
79
47
D14
NWDOVF
80
46
D13
VDDIO
81
45
D12
MCKI
82
44
VDDIO
P23
83
43
D11
P24/BMS
84
42
D10
P25/MCKO
85
41
D9
GND
86
40
D8
GND
87
39
D7
TMS
88
38
D6
TDI
89
37
D5
TDO
90
36
GND
TCK
91
35
D4
NRD/NOE
92
34
D3
NWR0/NWE
93
33
D2
VDDCORE
94
32
D1
100-lead TQFP
VDDIO
95
31
D0
NWAIT
96
30
P31/A23/CS4
NCS0
97
29
P30/A22/CS5
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
A9
A10
A11
A12
A13
A14
GND
GND
A15
A16
A17
A18
A19
P28/A20/CS7
9
A7
11
8
A6
10
7
A5
A8
6
A4
VDDIO
5
A3
P29/A21/CS6
4
26
3
100
A2
P27/NCS3
A1
VDDCORE
2
VDDIO
27
1
28
99
GND
98
A0/NLB
NCS1
P26/NCS2
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Table 1. AT91X40 Series Pin Description
Type
Active
Level
Output
–
I/O
–
Chip Select
Output
Low
CS4 - CS7
Chip Select
Output
High
A23 - A20 after reset
NWR0
Lower Byte 0 Write Signal
Output
Low
Used in Byte Write option
NWR1
Upper Byte 1 Write Signal
Output
Low
Used in Byte Write option
NRD
Read Signal
Output
Low
Used in Byte Write option
NWE
Write Enable
Output
Low
Used in Byte Select option
NOE
Output Enable
Output
Low
Used in Byte Select option
NUB
Upper Byte Select
Output
Low
Used in Byte Select option
NLB
Lower Byte Select
Output
Low
Used in Byte Select option
NWAIT
Wait Input
Input
Low
BMS
Boot Mode Select
Input
–
Sampled during reset
FIQ
Fast Interrupt Request
Input
–
PIO-controlled after reset
IRQ0 - IRQ2
External Interrupt Request
Input
–
PIO-controlled after reset
TCLK0 - TCLK2
Timer External Clock
Input
–
PIO-controlled after reset
TIOA0 - TIOA2
Multipurpose Timer I/O Pin A
I/O
–
PIO-controlled after reset
TIOB0 - TIOB2
Multipurpose Timer I/O Pin B
I/O
–
PIO-controlled after reset
SCK0 - SCK1
External Serial Clock
I/O
–
PIO-controlled after reset
TXD0 - TXD1
Transmit Data Output
Output
–
PIO-controlled after reset
RXD0 - RXD1
Receive Data Input
Input
–
PIO-controlled after reset
PIO
P0 - P31
Parallel IO Line
I/O
–
WD
NWDOVF
Watchdog Overflow
Output
Low
MCKI
Master Clock Input
Input
–
MCKO
Master Clock Output
Output
–
NRST
Hardware Reset Input
Input
Low
Schmidt trigger
NTRI
Tri-state Mode Select
Input
Low
Sampled during reset
TMS
Test Mode Select
Input
–
Schmidt trigger, internal pull-up
TDI
Test Data Input
Input
–
Schmidt trigger, internal pull-up
TDO
Test Data Output
Output
–
TCK
Test Clock
Input
–
VDDIO
I/O Power
Power
–
VDDCORE
Core Power
Power
–
GND
Ground
Ground
–
Module
EBI
AIC
TC
USART
Clock
Reset
ICE
Power
Name
Function
A0 - A23
Address Bus
D0 - D15
Data Bus
NCS0 - NCS3
Comments
All valid after reset
Open-drain
Schmidt trigger
Schmidt trigger, internal pull-up
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1354D–ATARM–05/02
Block Diagram
Figure 2. AT91X40 Series
TMS
TDO
TDI
TCK
NRST
Reset
Embedded
ICE
D0-D15
ARM7TDMI Core
ROM
or
Extended SRAM
MCKI
Clock
RAM
P25/MCKO
ASB
Controller
EBI: External Bus Interface
ASB
A1-A19
A0/NLB
NRD/NOE
NWR0/NWE
NWR1/NUB
NWAIT
NCS0
NCS1
P26/NCS2
P27/NCS3
P28/A20/CS7
P29/A21/CS6
P30/A22/CS5
P31/A23/CS4
AMBA Bridge
P12/FIQ
P9/IRQ0
P10/IRQ1
P11/IRQ2
P13/SCK0
P14/TXD0
P15/RXD0
P20/SCK1
P21/TXD1/NTRI
P22/RXD1
EBI User
Interface
AIC: Advanced
Interrupt Controller
P
I
O
USART0
TC: Timer
Counter
2 PDC
Channels
2 PDC
Channels
P0/TCLK0
P3/TCLK1
P6/TCLK2
TC0
P1/TIOA0
P2/TIOB0
TC1
P4/TIOA1
P5/TIOB1
TC2
P7/TIOA2
P8/TIOB2
WD: Watchdog
Timer
NWDOVF
APB
USART1
P
I
O
PS: Power Saving
P16
P17
P18
P19
P23
P24/BMS
Chip ID
PIO: Parallel I/O Controller
4
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Architectural
Overview
The AT91X40 Series Microcontrollers integrate an ARM7TDMI with its embedded ICE
interface, memories and peripherals. The series’ architecture consists of two main
buses, the Advanced System Bus (ASB) and the Advanced Peripheral Bus (APB).
Designed for maximum performance and controlled by the memory controller, the ASB
interfaces the ARM7TDMI processor with the on-chip 32-bit memories, the External Bus
Interface (EBI) and the AMBA™ Bridge. The AMBA Bridge drives the APB, which is
designed for accesses to on-chip peripherals and optimized for low-power consumption.
The AT91X40 Series Microcontrollers implement the ICE port of the ARM7TDMI processor on dedicated pins, offering a complete, low-cost and easy-to-use debug solution for
target debugging.
Memories
The AT91X40 Series Microcontrollers embed up to 256K bytes of internal SRAM, and
up to 128K bytes of ROM. The internal memories are directly connected to the 32-bit
data bus and are single-cycle accessible. This provides maximum performance of 0.9
MIPS/MHz by using the ARM instruction set of the processor, minimizing system power
consumption and improving the performance of separate memory solutions.
The AT91X40 Series Microcontrollers feature an External Bus Interface (EBI), which
enables connection of external memories and application-specific peripherals. The EBI
supports 8- or 16-bit devices and can use two 8-bit devices to emulate a single 16-bit
device. The EBI implements the early read protocol, enabling faster memory accesses
than standard memory interfaces.
Peripherals
The AT91X40 Series Microcontrollers integrate several peripherals, which are classified
as system or user peripherals. All on-chip peripherals are 32-bit accessible by the
AMBA Bridge, and can be programmed with a minimum number of instructions. The
peripheral register set is composed of control, mode, data, status and enable/disable/status registers.
An on-chip Peripheral Data Controller (PDC) transfers data between the on-chip
USARTs and on- and off-chip memories address space without processor intervention.
Most importantly, the PDC removes the processor interrupt handling overhead, making
it possible to transfer up to 64K continuous bytes without reprogramming the start
address, thus increasing the performance of the microcontroller, and reducing the power
consumption.
System Peripherals
The External Bus Interface (EBI) controls the external memory or devices via an 8-bit or
16-bit data bus, and is programmed through the Advanced Peripheral Bus (APB). Each
chip select line has its own programming register.
The Power Saving (PS) module implements the Idle Mode (ARM7TDMI core clock
stopped until the next interrupt) and enables the user to adapt the power consumption of
the microcontroller to application requirements (independent peripheral clock control).
The Advanced Interrupt Controller (AIC) controls the internal sources from the internal
peripherals and the four external interrupt lines (including the FIQ) to provide an interrupt and/or fast interrupt request to the ARM7TDMI. It integrates an 8-level priority
controller, and, using the Auto-vectoring feature, reduces the interrupt latency time.
The Parallel Input/Output Controller (PIO) controls up to 32 I/O lines. It enables the user
to select specific pins for on-chip peripheral input/output functions, and general-purpose
input/output signal pins. The PIO controller can be programmed to detect an interrupt on
a signal change from each line.
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1354D–ATARM–05/02
The Watchdog (WD) can be used to prevent system lock-up if the software becomes
trapped in a deadlock.
The Special Function (SF) module integrates the Chip ID, the Reset Status and the Protect registers.
User Peripherals
Two USARTs, independently configurable, enable communication at a high baud rate in
Synchronous or Asynchronous Mode. The format includes start, stop and parity bits and
up to 8 data bits. Each USART also features a Timeout and a Time Guard register, facilitating the use of the two dedicated Peripheral Data Controller (PDC) channels.
The 3-channel, 16-bit Timer Counter (TC) is highly-programmable and supports Capture
or Waveform Modes. Each TC channel can be programmed to measure or generate different kinds of waves, and can detect and control two input/output signals. The TC also
has 3 external clock signals.
6
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Associated
Documentation
Table 2. Associated Documentation
Product
AT91M40800
AT91R40807
AT91M40807
AT91R40008
Information
Document Title
Internal architecture of processor
ARM/Thumb instruction sets
Embedded in-circuit-emulator
ARM7TDMI (Thumb) Datasheet
Pinout
Mechanical characteristics
Ordering information
AT91M40800 Summary Datasheet
Timings
DC characteristics
AT91M40800 Electrical Characteristics
Internal architecture of processor
ARM/Thumb instruction sets
Embedded in-circuit-emulator
ARM7TDMI (Thumb) Datasheet
Pinout
Mechanical characteristics
Ordering information
AT91R40807 Summary Datasheet
Timings
DC characteristics
AT91R40807 Electrical Characteristics
Internal architecture of processor
ARM/Thumb instruction sets
Embedded in-circuit-emulator
ARM7TDMI (Thumb) Datasheet
Pinout
Mechanical characteristics
Ordering information
AT91M40807 Summary Datasheet
Timings
DC characteristics
AT91M40807 Electrical Characteristics
Internal architecture of processor
ARM/Thumb instruction sets
Embedded in-circuit-emulator
ARM7TDMI (Thumb) Datasheet
Pinout
Mechanical characteristics
Ordering information
AT91R40008 Summary Datasheet
Timings
DC characteristics
AT91R40008 Electrical Characteristics
7
1354D–ATARM–05/02
Product Overview
Power Supply
The AT91x40 Series Microcontrollers have two types of power supply pins - VDDIO and
VDDCORE. However, the AT91M40800, the AT91M40807 and the AT91R40807 have
single-supply VDD, VDDIO and VDDCORE pins that have to be tied to the same voltage. For further details on power supplies and acceptable voltage range on VDD,
VDDIO and VDDCORE, refer to the product Summary Datasheet or the product Electrical Characteristics datasheet.
Input/Output
Considerations
The AT91M40807, the AT91R40807 and the AT91R40008 accept voltage levels up to
their power supply limit on the pads.
The AT91M40800 Microcontroller I/O pads are 5V-tolerant, enabling it to interface with
external 5V devices without any additional components. 5V-tolerant means that the
AT91M40800 accepts 5V (3V) on the inputs even if it is powered at 3V (2V). Refer to the
AT91M40800 Electrical Characteristics datasheet for further details.
After the reset, the peripheral I/Os are initialized as inputs to provide the user with maximum flexibility. It is recommended that in any application phase, the inputs to the
AT91X40 Series Microcontroller be held at valid logic levels to minimize the power
consumption.
Master Clock
The AT91X40 Series Microcontrollers have a fully static design and work on the Master
Clock (MCK), provided on the MCKI pin from an external source.
The Master Clock is also provided as an output of the device on the pin MCKO, which is
multiplexed with a general-purpose I/O line. While NRST is active, the MCKO stays low.
After the reset, the MCKO is valid and outputs an image of the MCK signal. The PIO
Controller must be programmed to use this pin as standard I/O line.
Reset
Reset restores the default states of the user interface registers (defined in the user interface of each peripheral), and forces the ARM7TDMI to perform the next instruction fetch
from address zero. Except for the program counter the ARM7TDMI registers do not
have defined reset states.
NRST Pin
NRST is active low-level input. It is asserted asynchronously, but exit from reset is synchronized internally to the MCK. The signal presented on MCK must be active within the
specification for a minimum of 10 clock cycles up to the rising edge of NRST, to ensure
correct operation. The first processor fetch occurs 80 clock cycles after the rising edge
of NRST.
Watchdog Reset
The watchdog can be programmed to generate an internal reset. In this case, the reset
has the same effect as the NRST pin assertion, but the pins BMS and NTRI are not
sampled. Boot Mode and Tri-state Mode are not updated. If the NRST pin is asserted
and the watchdog triggers the internal reset, the NRST pin has priority.
Emulation Function
Tri-state Mode
8
The AT91X40 Series provides a tri-state mode, which is used for debug purposes. This
enables the connection of an emulator probe to an application board without having to
desolder the device from the target board. In tri-state mode, all the output pin drivers of
the AT91X40 Series Microcontroller are disabled.
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
To enter tri-state mode, the pin NTRI must be held low during the last 10 clock cycles
before the rising edge of NRST. For normal operation, the pin NTRI must be held high
during reset, by a resistor of up to 400K Ohm.
NTRI is multiplexed with I/O line P21 and USART 1 serial data transmit line TXD1.
Standard RS-232 drivers generally contain internal 400K Ohm pull-up resistors. If TXD1
is connected to a device not including this pull-up, the user must make sure that a high
level is tied on NTRI while NRST is asserted.
JTAG/ICE Debug
ARM standard embedded In-circuit Emulation is supported via the JTAG/ICE port. The
pins TDI, TDO, TCK and TMS are dedicated to this debug function and can be connected to a host computer via the external ICE interface.
In ICE Debug Mode, the ARM7TDMI core responds with a non-JTAG chip ID that identifies the microcontroller. This is not fully IEEE1149.1 compliant.
Memory Controller
The ARM7TDMI processor address space is 4G bytes. The memory controller decodes
the internal 32-bit address bus and defines three address spaces:
•
Internal Memories in the four lowest megabytes
•
Middle Space reserved for the external devices (memory or peripherals) controlled
by the EBI
•
Internal Peripherals in the four highest megabytes
In any of these address spaces, the ARM7TDMI operates in Little-Endian Mode only.
Internal Memories
The AT91X40 Series Microcontrollers integrate one or two banks of internal static
SRAM and/or one bank of ROM. All internal memories are 32 bits wide and single-clock
cycle accessible. Byte (8-bit), halfword (16-bit) or word (32-bit) accesses are supported
and are executed within one cycle. Fetching Thumb or ARM instructions is supported
and internal memory can store twice as many Thumb instructions as ARM ones.
All the AT91X40 Series Microcontrollers integrate a primary 8-Kbyte or 256-Kbyte
SRAM bank, accessible at address 0x0 (after the remap).
The AT91R40807 integrates a secondary SRAM memory bank of 128K bytes at
address 0x10 0000. This secondary bank can be used to emulate the ROM of the
AT91M40807.
The AT91M40807 Microcontroller integrates 128K bytes of internal ROM at address
0x10 0000. It offers a reduced-cost option of the AT91R40807 for high-volume applications in which the software is stable.
Using Internal Memories
The primary RAM bank is always mapped at address 0x30 0000 before remap and at
address 0x0 after the remap, allowing ARM7TDMI exception vectors to be modified by
the software. Making the RAM bank accessible before remap allows the user to copy
ARM exception vectors and boot code into the bank prior to remap.
The rest of the bank can be used for stack allocation to speed up context saving and
restoration, or as data and program storage for critical algorithms.
Placing the SRAM on-chip and using a 32-bit data bus bandwidth maximizes microcontroller performance while minimizing system power consumption. The 32-bit bus
optimizes use of the ARM instruction set and offers the ability to process data wider than
16 bits, thus making optimal use of the ARM7TDMI advanced performance.
The capability to update application software dynamically in an internal SRAM bank
adds an extra dimension to the AT91X40 Series Microcontrollers.
9
1354D–ATARM–05/02
ROM Emulation
T he AT9 1 R 4 0 8 0 7 p r ov id e s a n id e a l m e an s o f e mu la t in g th e R O M v e rs io n
AT91M40807. The secondary SRAM bank of the AT91R40807 is mapped to the same
address as the ROM of the AT91M40807. It is write-protected after a reset; writing 0x1
in the Memory Mode Register of the Special Function Module can disable this
protection.
At system power-up, the code is downloaded from an external non-volatile memory or
through a debugger to the on-chip secondary SRAM bank of the AT91R40807. After the
secondary SRAM bank write-protection is enabled, the application is in the same environment as though it were running on an AT91M40807.
Boot Mode Select
The ARM reset vector is at address 0x0. After the NRST line is released, the
ARM7TDMI executes the instruction stored at this address. This means that this
address must be mapped in non-volatile memory after the reset.
The input level on the BMS pin during the last 10 clock cycles before the rising edge of
the NRST selects the type of boot memory. The Boot Mode depends on BMS and
whether or not the AT91X40 Series Microcontroller has on-chip ROM or extended
SRAM (see Table 3).
The AT91R40807 supports boot in on-chip extended SRAM, for the purpose of emulating ROM versions. In this case, the microcontroller must first boot from external nonvolatile memory, and ensure that a valid program is downloaded in the on-chip extended
SRAM. Then, the NRST must be reasserted by external circuitry after the level on the
pin BMS is changed.
The pin BMS is multiplexed with the I/O line P24 that can be programmed after reset like
any standard PIO line.
Table 3. Boot Mode Select
BMS
Product
Boot Memory
AT91M40800
External 8-bit memory on NCS0
AT91R40807
Internal 32-bit extended SRAM
AT91M40807
Internal 32-bit ROM
AT91R40008
External 8-bit memory on NCS0
All
External 16-bit memory on NCS0
1
0
Remap Command
The ARM vectors (Reset, Abort, Data Abort, Prefetch Abort, Undefined Instruction,
Interrupt, Fast Interrupt) are mapped from address 0x0 to address 0x20. In order to
allow these vectors to be redefined dynamically by the software, the AT91X40 Series
Microcontrollers use a remap command that enables switching between the boot memory and the internal primary SRAM bank addresses. The remap command is accessible
through the EBI User Interface, by writing one in RCB of EBI_RCR (Remap Control
Register). Performing a remap command is mandatory if access to the other external
devices (connected to chip selects 1 to 7) is required. The remap operation can only be
changed back by an internal reset or an NRST assertion.
Abort Control
The abort signal providing a Data Abort or a Prefetch Abort exception to the ARM7TDMI
is asserted in the following cases:
10
•
When accessing an undefined address in the EBI address space
•
When writing to a write-protected internal memory area on the AT91R40807
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
No abort is generated when reading the internal memory or by accessing the internal
peripheral, whether the address is defined or not.
When a write-protected area is accessed, the memory controller detects it and generates an abort but does not cancel the access.
External Bus Interface
The External Bus Interface handles the accesses between addresses 0x0040 0000 and
0xFFC0 0000. It generates the signals that control access to the external devices, and
can be configured from eight 1M byte banks up to four 16M bytes banks. It supports
byte, half-word and word aligned accesses.
For each of these banks, the user can program:
•
Number of wait states
•
Number of data float times (wait time after the access is finished to prevent any bus
contention in case the device is too long in releasing the bus)
•
Data bus width (8-bit or 16-bit)
•
With a 16-bit wide data bus, the user can program the EBI to control one 16-bit
device (Byte Access Select Mode) or two 8-bit devices in parallel that emulate a 16bit memory (Byte Write Access Mode).
The External Bus Interface features also the Early Read Protocol, configurable for all the
devices, that significantly reduces access time requirements on an external device in
the case of single clock cycle access.
Peripherals
The AT91X40 Series’ peripherals are connected to the 32-bit wide Advanced Peripheral
Bus. Peripheral registers are only word accessible – byte and half-word accesses are
not supported. If a byte or a half-word access is attempted, the memory controller automatically masks the lowest address bits and generates a word access.
Each peripheral has a 16-Kbyte address space allocated (the AIC only has a 4-Kbyte
address space).
Peripheral Registers
The following registers are common to all peripherals:
•
Control Register – write only register that triggers a command when a one is written
to the corresponding position at the appropriate address. Writing a zero has no
effect.
•
Mode Register – read/write register that defines the configuration of the peripheral.
Usually has a value of 0x0 after a reset.
•
Data Registers – read and/or write register that enables the exchange of data
between the processor and the peripheral.
•
Status Register – read only register that returns the status of the peripheral.
•
Enable/Disable/Status Registers are shadow command registers. Writing a one in
the Enable Register sets the corresponding bit in the Status Register. Writing a one
in the Disable Register resets the corresponding bit and the result can be read in the
Status Register. Writing a bit to zero has no effect. This register access method
maximizes the efficiency of bit manipulation, and enables modification of a register
with a single non-interruptible instruction, replacing the costly read-modify-write
operation.
Unused bits in the peripheral registers are shown as “–“ and must be written at 0 for
upward compatibility. These bits read 0.
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1354D–ATARM–05/02
Peripheral Interrupt Control
The Interrupt Control of each peripheral is controlled from the status register using the
interrupt mask. The status register bits are ANDed to their corresponding interrupt mask
bits and the result is then ORed to generate the Interrupt Source signal to the Advanced
Interrupt Controller.
The interrupt mask is read in the Interrupt Mask Register and is modified with the Interrupt Enable Register and the Interrupt Disable Register. The enable/disable/status (or
mask) makes it possible to enable or disable peripheral interrupt sources with a noninterruptible single instruction. This eliminates the need for interrupt masking at the AIC
or Core level in real-time and multi-tasking systems.
Peripheral Data Controller
The AT91X40 Series Microcontroller has a 4-channel PDC dedicated to the two on-chip
USARTs. One PDC channel is dedicated to the receiver and one to the transmitter of
each USART.
The user interface of a PDC channel is integrated in the memory space of each USART.
It contains a 32-bit Address Pointer Register (RPR or TPR) and a 16-bit Transfer
Counter Register (RCR or TCR). When the programmed number of transfers are performed, a status bit indicating the end of transfer is set in the USART Status Register
and an interrupt can be generated.
System Peripherals
PS: Power-saving
The Power-saving feature optimizes power consumption, enabling the software to stop
the ARM7TDMI clock (Idle Mode) and restarting it when the module receives an interrupt (or reset). It also enables on-chip peripheral clocks to be enabled and disabled
individually, matching power consumption and application needs.
AIC: Advanced Interrupt
Controller
The AIC has an 8-level priority, individually maskable, vectored interrupt controller, and
drives the NIRQ and NFIQ pins of the ARM7TDMI from:
•
The external fast interrupt line (FIQ)
•
The three external interrupt request lines (IRQ0 - IRQ2)
•
The interrupt signals from the on-chip peripherals
The AIC is extensively programmable, offering maximum flexibility, and its vectoring features reduce the real-time overhead in handling interrupts.
The AIC also features a spurious vector, which reduces spurious interrupt handling to a
minimum, and a protect mode that facilitates the debug capabilities.
PIO: Parallel IO Controller
The AT91X40 Series has 32 programmable I/O lines. Six pins are dedicated as generalpurpose I/O pins. Other I/O lines are multiplexed with an external signal of a peripheral
to optimize the use of available package pins. The PIO controller enables generation of
an interrupt on input change and insertion of a simple input glitch filter on any of the PIO
pins.
WD: Watchdog
The Watchdog is built around a 16-bit counter, and is used to prevent system lock-up if
the software becomes trapped in a deadlock. It can generate an internal reset or interrupt, or assert an active level on the dedicated pin NWDOVF. All programming registers
are password-protected to prevent unintentional programming.
12
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
SF: Special Function
The AT91X40 Series provides registers that implement the following special functions.
•
Chip identification
•
RESET status
•
Protect Mode
•
Write protection for the AT91R40807 internal 128-Kbyte memory
13
1354D–ATARM–05/02
User Peripherals
USART: Universal
Synchronous/
Asynchronous Receiver
Transmitter
The AT91X40 Series provides two identical, full-duplex, universal synchronous/asynchronous receiver/transmitters.
Each USART has its own baud rate generator, and two dedicated Peripheral Data Controller channels. The data format includes a start bit, up to 8 data bits, an optional
programmable parity bit and up to 2 stop bits.
The USART also features a Receiver Timeout register, facilitating variable length Frame
support when it is working with the PDC, and a Time Guard register, used when interfacing with slow remote equipment.
TC: Timer Counter
The AT91X40 Series features a Timer Counter block that includes three identical 16-bit
timer counter channels. Each channel can be independently programmed to perform a
wide range of functions, including frequency measurement, event counting, interval
measurement, pulse generation, delay timing and pulse-width modulation.
The Timer Counter can be used in Capture or Waveform Mode, and all three counter
channels can be started simultaneously and chained together.
14
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Memory Map
Figure 3. AT91M40800/R40008 Memory Map Before and After the Remap Command
Before
Address
Function
After
Size
Abort Control
Address
Function
Size
Abort Control
On-chip
Peripherals
4M Bytes
No
External
Devices
(Up to 8)
Up to 8 Devices
Programmable
Page Size
1, 4, 16, 64M Bytes
Yes
Reserved
1M Byte
No
Reserved
On-chip
Device
1M Byte
No
1M Byte
No
1M Byte
No
0xFFFFFFFF
0xFFFFFFFF
On-chip
Peripherals
4M Bytes
No
0xFFC00000
0xFFC00000
0xFFBFFFFF
0xFFBFFFFF
Yes
Reserved
0x00400000
0x00400000
0x003FFFFF
0x003FFFFF
On-chip
Primary
RAM Bank
1M Byte
No
0x00300000
0x00300000
0x002FFFFF
0x002FFFFF
Reserved
On-chip
Device
1M Byte
No
0x00200000
0x00200000
0x001FFFFF
0x001FFFFF
Reserved
On-chip
Device
1M Byte
Reserved
On-chip
Device
No
0x00100000
0x00100000
0x000FFFFF
0x000FFFFF
External
Devices Selected
by NCS0
0x00000000
1M Byte
On-chip
Primary
RAM Bank
No
0x00000000
15
1354D–ATARM–05/02
Figure 4. AT91R40807/M40807 Before and After the Remap Command
Before
Address
Function
After
Size
Abort Control
0xFFFFFFFF
Address
4M Bytes
No
0xFFC00000
0xFFC00000
0xFFBFFFFF
0xFFBFFFFF
Yes
Reserved
0x00400000
0x00400000
0x003FFFFF
0x003FFFFF
On-chip
Primary
RAM Bank
1M Byte
No
0x00300000
0x00300000
0x002FFFFF
0x002FFFFF
Reserved
On-chip
Device
1M Byte
No
0x00200000
0x00200000
0x001FFFFF
0x001FFFFF
On-chip
ROM
or
Secondary
RAM Bank
1M Byte
Yes
(AT91R40807,
If Write-protect
Feature is Enabled)
0x00100000
0x00100000
0x000FFFFF
0x000FFFFF
16
Size
Abort Control
On-chip
Peripherals
4M Bytes
No
External
Devices
(Up to 8)
Up to 8 Devices
Programmable
Page Size
1, 4, 16, 64M Bytes
Yes
Reserved
1M Byte
No
Reserved
On-chip
Device
1M Byte
No
On-chip
ROM
or
Secondary
RAM Bank
1M Byte
Yes
(AT91R40807,
If Write-protect
Feature
is Enabled)
On-chip
Primary
RAM Bank
1M Byte
No
0xFFFFFFFF
On-chip
Peripherals
0x00000000
Function
External Device
Selected by NCS0
or
On-chip ROM
or
Secondary
RAM Bank
1M Byte
No
0x00000000
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Peripheral Memory Map
Figure 5. Peripheral Memory Map
Address
Peripheral
Peripheral Name
Size
AIC
Advanced Interrupt Controller
4K Bytes
0xFFFFFFFF
0xFFFFF000
Reserved
0xFFFFBFFF
WD
WatchdogTimer
16K Bytes
PS
Power Saving
16K Bytes
PIO
Parallel I/O Controller
16K Bytes
0xFFFF8000
0xFFFF7FFF
0xFFFF4000
0xFFFF3FFF
0xFFFF0000
Reserved
0xFFFE3FFF
TC
Timer Counter
16K Bytes
0xFFFE0000
Reserved
0xFFFD3FFF
USART0
Universal Synchronous/
Asynchronous
Receiver/Transmitter 0
16K Bytes
USART1
Universal Synchronous/
Asynchronous
Receiver/Transmitter 1
16K Bytes
0xFFFD0000
0xFFFCFFFF
0xFFFCC000
Reserved
0xFFF03FFF
SF
Special Function
16K Bytes
0xFFF00000
Reserved
0xFFE03FFF
EBI
External Bus Interface
16K Bytes
0xFFE00000
0xFFC00000
Reserved
17
1354D–ATARM–05/02
EBI: External Bus
Interface
The EBI generates the signals that control the access to the external memory or peripheral devices. The EBI is fully-programmable and can address up to 64M bytes. It has
eight chip selects and a 24-bit address bus, the upper four bits of which are multiplexed
with a chip select.
The 16-bit data bus can be configured to interface with 8- or 16-bit external devices.
Separate read and write control signals allow for direct memory and peripheral
interfacing.
The EBI supports different access protocols allowing single-clock cycle memory
accesses.
The main features are:
•
External memory mapping
•
Up to 8 chip select lines
•
8- or 16-bit data bus
•
Byte write or byte select lines
•
Remap of boot memory
•
Two different read protocols
•
Programmable wait state generation
•
External wait request
•
Programmable data float time
The “EBI User Interface” is described on page 45.
External Memory
Mapping
The memory map associates the internal 32-bit address space with the external 24-bit
address bus.
The memory map is defined by programming the base address and page size of the
external memories (see “EBI User Interface” registers EBI_CSR0 to EBI_CSR7). Note
that A0 - A23 is only significant for 8-bit memory; A1 - A23 is used for 16-bit memory.
If the physical memory device is smaller than the programmed page size, it wraps
around and appears to be repeated within the page. The EBI correctly handles any valid
access to the memory device within the page (see Figure 6).
In the event of an access request to an address outside any programmed page, an
Abort signal is generated. Two types of Abort are possible: instruction prefetch abort
and data abort. The corresponding exception vector addresses are respectively
0x0000000C and 0x00000010. It is up to the system programmer to program the error
handling routine to use in case of an Abort (see the ARM7TDMI datasheet for further
information).
If two chip selects are defined as having the same base address, an access to the overlapping address space asserts both NCS lines. The Chip Select Register with the
smaller number defines the characteristics of the external access and the behavior of
the control signals.
18
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Figure 6. External Memory Smaller than Page Size
Base + 4M Bytes
1M Byte Device
Hi
Repeat 3
Low
Base + 3M Bytes
1M Byte Device
Memory
Map
Hi
Repeat 2
Low
Base + 2M Bytes
1M Byte Device
Hi
Repeat 1
Low
Base + 1M Bytes
1M Byte Device
Hi
Low
Base
19
1354D–ATARM–05/02
External Bus Interface Pin Description
Name
Description
Type
A0 - A23
Address bus (output)
D0 - D15
Data bus (input/output)
NCS0 - NCS3
Active low chip selects (output)
Output
CS4 - CS7
Active high chip selects (output)
Output
NRD
Read enable (output)
Output
NWR0 - NWR1
Lower and upper write enable (output)
Output
NOE
Output enable (output)
Output
NWE
Write enable (output)
Output
NUB, NLB
Upper and lower byte select (output)
Output
NWAIT
Wait request (input)
Output
I/O
Input
The following table shows how certain EBI signals are multiplexed:
Table 4. EBI Signals
Multiplexed Signals
Functions
A23 - A20
CS4 - CS7
Allows from 4 to 8 chip select lines to be used
A0
NLB
8- or 16-bit data bus
NRD
NOE
Byte write or byte select access
NWR0
NWE
Byte write or byte select access
NWR1
NUB
Byte write or byte select access
20
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Chip Select Lines
The EBI provides up to eight chip select lines:
•
Chip select lines NCS0 - NCS3 are dedicated to the EBI (not multiplexed).
•
Chip select lines CS4 - CS7 are multiplexed with the top four address lines A23 A20.
By exchanging address lines for chip select lines, the user can optimize the EBI to suit
the external memory requirements: more external devices or larger address range for
each device.
The selection is controlled by the ALE field in EBI_MCR (Memory Control Register). The
following combinations are possible:
A20, A21, A22, A23 (configuration by default)
A20, A21, A22, CS4
A20, A21, CS5, CS4
A20, CS6, CS5, CS4
CS7, CS6, CS5, CS4
Figure 7. Memory Connections for Four External Devices
NCS0 - NCS3
NCS3
NRD
EBI
NWRx
A0 - A23
NCS2
NCS1
NCS0
D0 - D15
Memory Enable
Memory Enable
Memory Enable
Memory Enable
Output Enable
Write Enable
A0 - A23
8 or 16
Note:
D0 - D15 or D0 - D7
For four external devices, the maximum address space per device is 16M bytes.
21
1354D–ATARM–05/02
Figure 8. Memory Connections for Eight External Devices
CS4 - CS7
NCS0 - NCS3
CS7
NRD
EBI
CS6
NWRx
CS5
A0 - A19
CS4
D0 - D15
NCS3
NCS2
NCS1
NCS0
Memory Enable
Memory Enable
Memory Enable
Memory Enable
Memory Enable
Memory Enable
Memory Enable
Memory Enable
Output Enable
Write Enable
A0 - A19
8 or 16
Note:
22
D0 - D15 or D0 - D7
For eight external devices, the maximum address space per device is 1M byte.
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Data Bus Width
A data bus width of 8 or 16 bits can be selected for each chip select. This option is controlled by the DBW field in the EBI_CSR (Chip Select Register) for the corresponding
chip select.
Figure 9 shows how to connect a 512K x 8-bit memory on NCS2.
Figure 9. Memory Connection for an 8-bit Data Bus
D0 - D7
D0 - D7
D8 - D15
A1 - A18
EBI
A0
A1 - A18
A0
NWR1
NWR0
NRD
NCS2
Write Enable
Output Enable
Memory Enable
Figure 10 shows how to connect a 512K x 16-bit memory on NCS2.
Figure 10. Memory Connection for a 16-bit Data Bus
EBI
D0 - D7
D0 - D7
D8 - D15
D8 - D15
A1 - A19
A0 - A18
NLB
Low Byte Enable
NUB
High Byte Enable
NWE
Write Enable
NOE
Output Enable
NCS2
Memory Enable
23
1354D–ATARM–05/02
Byte Write or Byte Select
Access
Each chip select with a 16-bit data bus can operate with one of two different types of
write access:
•
Byte Write Access supports two byte write and a single read signal.
•
Byte Select Access selects upper and/or lower byte with two byte select lines, and
separate read and write signals.
This option is controlled by the BAT field in the EBI_CSR (Chip Select Register) for the
corresponding chip select.
Byte Write Access is used to connect 2 x 8-bit devices as a 16-bit memory page.
•
The signal A0/NLB is not used.
•
The signal NWR1/NUB is used as NWR1 and enables upper byte writes.
•
The signal NWR0/NWE is used as NWR0 and enables lower byte writes.
•
The signal NRD/NOE is used as NRD and enables half-word and byte reads.
Figure 11 shows how to connect two 512K x 8-bit devices in parallel on NCS2.
Figure 11. Memory Connection for 2 x 8-bit Data Busses
D0 - D7
D0 - D7
D8 - D15
EBI
A1 - A19
A0 - A18
A0
NWR1
NWR0
Write Enable
NRD
Read Enable
NCS2
Memory Enable
D8 - D15
A0 - A18
Write Enable
Read Enable
Memory Enable
24
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Byte Select Access is used to connect 16-bit devices in a memory page.
•
The signal A0/NLB is used as NLB and enables the lower byte for both read and
write operations.
•
The signal NWR1/NUB is used as NUB and enables the upper byte for both read
and write operations.
•
The signal NWR0/NWE is used as NWE and enables writing for byte or half word.
•
The signal NRD/NOE is used as NOE and enables reading for byte or half word.
Figure 12 shows how to connect a 16-bit device with byte and half-word access (e.g. 16bit SRAM) on NCS2.
Figure 12. Connection for a 16-bit Data Bus with Byte and Half-word Access
EBI
D0 - D7
D0 - D7
D8 - D15
D8 - D15
A1 - A19
A0 - A18
NLB
Low Byte Enable
NUB
High Byte Enable
NWE
Write Enable
NOE
Output Enable
NCS2
Memory Enable
Figure 13 shows how to connect a 16-bit device without byte access (e.g. Flash) on
NCS2.
Figure 13. Connection for a 16-bit Data Bus without Byte Write Capability.
EBI
D0 - D7
D0 - D7
D8 - D15
D8 - D15
A1 - A19
A0 - A18
NLB
NUB
NWE
Write Enable
NOE
Output Enable
NCS2
Memory Enable
25
1354D–ATARM–05/02
Boot on NCS0
Depending on the device and the BMS pin level during the reset, the user can select
either an 8-bit or 16-bit external memory device connected on NCS0 as the Boot Memory. In this case, EBI_CSR0 (Chip Select Register 0) is reset at the following
configuration for chip select 0:
•
8 wait states (WSE = 1, NWS = 7)
•
8-bit or 16-bit data bus width, depending on BMS
Byte access type and number of data float time are respectively set to Byte Write
Access and 0. With a non-volatile memory interface, any values can be programmed for
these parameters.
Before the remap command, the user can modify the chip select 0 configuration, programming the EBI_CSR0 with exact boot memory characteristics. the base address
becomes effective after the remap command, but the new number of wait states can be
changed immediately. This is useful if a boot sequence needs to be faster.
26
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Read Protocols
The EBI provides two alternative protocols for external memory read access: standard
and early read. The difference between the two protocols lies in the timing of the NRD
(read cycle) waveform.
The protocol is selected by the DRP field in EBI_MCR (Memory Control Register) and is
valid for all memory devices. Standard read protocol is the default protocol after reset.
Note:
Standard Read Protocol
In the following waveforms and descriptions, NRD represents NRD and NOE since the
two signals have the same waveform. Likewise, NWE represents NWE, NWR0 and
NWR1 unless NWR0 and NWR1 are otherwise represented. ADDR represents A0 - A23
and/or A1 - A23.
Standard read protocol implements a read cycle in which NRD and NWE are similar.
Both are active during the second half of the clock cycle. The first half of the clock cycle
allows time to ensure completion of the previous access as well as the output of address
and NCS before the read cycle begins.
During a standard read protocol, external memory access, NCS is set low and ADDR is
valid at the beginning of the access while NRD goes low only in the second half of the
master clock cycle to avoid bus conflict (see Figure 14). NWE is the same in both protocols. NWE always goes low in the second half of the master clock cycle (see Figure 15).
Early Read Protocol
Early read protocol provides more time for a read access from the memory by asserting
NRD at the beginning of the clock cycle. In the case of successive read cycles in the
same memory, NRD remains active continuously. Since a read cycle normally limits the
speed of operation of the external memory system, early read protocol can allow a
faster clock frequency to be used. However, an extra wait state is required in some
cases to avoid contentions on the external bus.
Early Read Wait State
In early read protocol, an early read wait state is automatically inserted when an external write cycle is followed by a read cycle to allow time for the write cycle to end before
the subsequent read cycle begins (see Figure 16). This wait state is generated in addition to any other programmed wait states (i.e. data float wait).
No wait state is added when a read cycle is followed by a write cycle, between consecutive accesses of the same type or between external and internal memory accesses.
Early read wait states affect the external bus only. They do not affect internal bus timing.
Figure 14. Standard Read Protocol
MCKI
ADDR
NCS
NRD
or
NWE
27
1354D–ATARM–05/02
Figure 15. Early Read Protocol
MCKI
ADDR
NCS
NRD
or
NWE
Figure 16. Early Read Wait State
Write Cycle
Early Read Wait
Read Cycle
MCKI
ADDR
NCS
NRD
NWE
Write Data Hold Time
During write cycles in both protocols, output data becomes valid after the falling edge of
the NWE signal and remains valid after the rising edge of NWE, as illustrated in Figure
17. The external NWE waveform (on the NWE pin) is used to control the output data timing to guarantee this operation.
It is therefore necessary to avoid excessive loading of the NWE pins, which could delay
the write signal too long and cause a contention with a subsequent read cycle in standard protocol.
28
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Figure 17. Data Hold Time
MCK
ADDR
NWE
Data Output
In early read protocol the data can remain valid longer than in standard read protocol
due to the additional wait cycle which follows a write access.
Wait States
Standard Wait States
The EBI can automatically insert wait states. The different types of wait states are listed
below:
•
Standard wait states
•
Data float wait states
•
External wait states
•
Chip select change wait states
•
Early read wait states (see “Read Protocols” )
Each chip select can be programmed to insert one or more wait states during an access
on the corresponding device. This is done by setting the WSE field in the corresponding
EBI_CSR. The number of cycles to insert is programmed in the NWS field in the same
register.
Below is the correspondence between the number of standard wait states programmed
and the number of cycles during which the NWE pulse is held low:
0 wait states1/2 cycle
1 wait state1 cycle
For each additional wait state programmed, an additional cycle is added.
29
1354D–ATARM–05/02
Figure 18. One Wait State Access
1 Wait State Access
MCK
ADDR
NCS
NWE
NRD
Notes:
Data Float Wait State
(1)
(2)
1. Early Read Protocol
2. Standard Read Protocol
Some memory devices are slow to release the external bus. For such devices it is necessary to add wait states (data float waits) after a read access before starting a write
access or a read access to a different external memory.
The Data Float Output Time (tDF) for each external memory device is programmed in the
TDF field of the EBI_CSR register for the corresponding chip select. The value (0 - 7
clock cycles) indicates the number of data float waits to be inserted and represents the
time allowed for the data output to go high impedance after the memory is disabled.
Data float wait states do not delay internal memory accesses. Hence, a single access to
an external memory with long tDF will not slow down the execution of a program from
internal memory.
The EBI keeps track of the programmed external data float time during internal
accesses, to ensure that the external memory system is not accessed while it is still
busy.
Internal memory accesses and consecutive accesses to the same external memory do
not have added Data Float wait states.
30
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Figure 19. Data Float Output Time
MCK
ADDR
NCS
NRD
(1)
(2)
tDF
D0 - D15
Notes:
External Wait
1. Early Read Protocol
2. Standard Read Protocol
The NWAIT input can be used to add wait states at any time. NWAIT is active low and is
detected on the rising edge of the clock.
If NWAIT is low at the rising edge of the clock, the EBI adds a wait state and changes
neither the output signals nor its internal counters and state. When NWAIT is deasserted, the EBI finishes the access sequence.
The NWAIT signal must meet setup and hold requirements on the rising edge of the
clock.
Figure 20. External Wait
MCK
ADDR
NWAIT
NCS
NWE
NRD
Notes:
(1)
(2)
1. Early Read Protocol
2. Standard Read Protocol
31
1354D–ATARM–05/02
Additional constraints are applicable to the AT91R40807, the AT91M40807 and the
AT91 40800. The behavior of the EBI is correct when NWAIT is asserted during an
external memory access:
•
When NWAIT is asserted before the first rising edge of MCKI
•
When NWAIT is de-asserted and at least one standard wait state remains to be
executed
These constraints are not applicable to the AT91R40008.
Chip Select Change Wait
States
A chip select wait state is automatically inserted when consecutive accesses are made
to two different external memories (if no wait states have already been inserted). If any
wait states have already been inserted, (e.g., data float wait) then none are added.
Figure 21. Chip Select Wait
Mem 1
Chip Select Wait
Mem 2
MCK
NCS1
NCS2
NRD
(1)
(2)
NWE
Notes:
32
1. Early Read Protocol
2. Standard Read Protocol
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Memory Access
Waveforms
Figures 22 through 25 show examples of the two alternative protocols for external memory read access.
D0 - D15 (Mem 2)
D0 - D15 (AT91)
D0 - D15 (Mem 1)
NCS2
NCS1
NWE
NRD
A0 - A23
MCK
Read Mem 1
Write Mem 1
tWHDX
Read Mem 1
Chip Select
Change Wait
Read Mem 2
Write Mem 2
tWHDX
Read Mem 2
Figure 22. Standard Read Protocol without tDF
33
1354D–ATARM–05/02
34
Write
Mem 1
Early Read
Wait Cycle
Read
Mem 1
Read
Mem 2
Write
Mem 2
Early Read
Wait Cycle
Read
Mem 2
MCK
A0 - A23
NRD
NWE
NCS1
Chip Select
Change Wait
NCS2
D0 - D15 (Mem 1)
D0- D15 (AT91)
1354D–ATARM–05/02
Long tWHDX
D0 - D15 (Mem 2)
Long tWHDX
Figure 23. Early Read Protocol Without tDF
AT91X40 Series
Read
Mem 1
1354D–ATARM–05/02
Write
Mem 1
Read Mem 1
Data
Float Wait
Read
Mem 2
Read Mem 2
Data
Float Wait
MCK
A0 - A23
NRD
NWE
Write
Mem 2
Write
Mem 2
Write
Mem 2
Figure 24. Standard Read Protocol with tDF
Read Mem 1
Data
Float Wait
NCS1
tDF
tDF
D0 - D15 (Mem 1)
D0 - D15 (AT91)
tWHDX
D0 - D15 (Mem 2)
tDF
35
AT91X40 Series
NCS2
36
Write
Mem 1
Early
Read Wait
Read Mem 1
Data
Float Wait
Read
Mem 2
Read Mem 2
Data
Float Wait
MCK
A0 - A23
NRD
NWE
NCS1
NCS2
tDF
tDF
D0 - D15 (Mem 1)
1354D–ATARM–05/02
D0 - D15 (AT91)
tWHDX
D0 - D15 (Mem 2)
tDF
Write
Mem 2
Write
Mem 2
Write
Mem 2
Figure 25. Early Read Protocol With tDF
AT91X40 Series
Read Mem 1
Data
Float Wait
AT91X40 Series
Figures 26 through 32 show the timing cycles and wait states for read and write access
to the various AT91X40 Series external memory devices. The configurations described
are shown in the following table:
Table 5. Memory Access Waveforms
Figure Number
Number of Wait States
Bus Width
Size of Data Transfer
26
0
16
Word
27
1
16
Word
28
1
16
Half-word
29
0
8
Word
30
1
8
Half-word
31
1
8
Byte
32
0
16
Byte
37
1354D–ATARM–05/02
Figure 26. 0 Wait States, 16-bit Bus Width, Word Transfer
MCK
A1 - A23
ADDR+1
ADDR
NCS
NLB
NUB
READ ACCESS
· Standard Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
B2 B1
Internal Bus
B 4 B3
X X B 2 B1
B4 B 3 B2 B 1
· Early Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
B 2 B1
B 4 B3
WRITE ACCESS
· Byte Write/
Byte Select Option
NWE
D0 - D15
38
B2 B 1
B 4 B3
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Figure 27. 1 Wait, 16-bit Bus Width, Word Transfer
1 Wait State
1 Wair State
MCK
A1 - A23
ADDR+1
ADDR
NCS
NLB
NUB
READ ACCESS
· Standard Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
B2 B1
Internal Bus
B4 B 3
X X B2 B1
B 4 B 3 B2 B 1
· Early Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
B2 B 1
B 4 B3
WRITE ACCESS
· Byte Write/
Byte Select Option
NWE
D0 - D15
B2 B1
B 4 B3
39
1354D–ATARM–05/02
Figure 28. 1 Wait State, 16-bit Bus Width, Half-word Transfer
1 Wait State
MCK
A1 - A23
NCS
NLB
NUB
READ ACCESS
· Standard Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
Internal Bus
B2 B1
X X B 2 B1
· Early Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
B2 B 1
WRITE ACCESS
· Byte Write/
Byte Select Option
NWE
D0 - D15
40
B 2 B1
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Figure 29. 0 Wait States, 8-bit Bus Width, Word Transfer
MCK
A0 - A23
ADDR+1
ADDR
ADDR+2
ADDR+3
NCS
READ ACCESS
· Standard Protocol
NRD
D0-D15
Internal Bus
X B1
X B2
X B3
X B4
X X X B1
X X B 2 B1
X B 3 B2 B 1
B4 B 3 B 2 B 1
X B1
X B2
X B3
X B4
· Early Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
WRITE ACCESS
NWR0
NWR1
D0 - D15
X B1
X B2
X B3
X B4
41
1354D–ATARM–05/02
Figure 30. 1 Wait State, 8-bit Bus Width, Half-word Transfer
1 Wait State
1 Wait State
MCK
A0 - A23
ADDR
ADDR+1
NCS
READ ACCESS
· Standard Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
X B1
Internal Bus
X B2
X X X B1
X X B 2 B1
· Early Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
X B1
X B2
WRITE ACCESS
NWR0
NWR1
D0 - D15
42
X B1
X B2
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Figure 31. 1 Wait State, 8-bit Bus Width, Byte Transfer
1 Wait State
MCK
A0 - A23
NCS
READ ACCESS
· Standard Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
XB1
Internal Bus
X X X B1
· Early Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
X B1
WRITE ACCESS
NWR0
NWR1
D0 - D15
X B1
43
1354D–ATARM–05/02
Figure 32. 0 Wait States, 16-bit Bus Width, Byte Transfer
MCK
A1 - A23
ADDR X X X 0
ADDR X X X 0
Internal Address
ADDR X X X 0
ADDR X X X 1
NCS
NLB
NUB
READ ACCESS
· Standard Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
X B1
B2X
X X X B1
Internal Bus
X X B2X
· Early Protocol
NRD
D0 - D15
XB1
B2X
B1B1
B2B2
WRITE ACCESS
· Byte Write Option
NWR0
NWR1
D0 - D15
· Byte Select Option
NWE
44
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
EBI User Interface
The EBI is programmed using the registers listed in the table below. The Remap Control
Register (EBI_RCR) controls exit from Boot Mode (See “Boot on NCS0” on page 26.)
The Memory Control Register (EBI_MCR) is used to program the number of active chip
selects and data read protocol. Eight Chip Select Registers (EBI_CSR0 to EBI_CSR7)
are used to program the parameters for the individual external memories. Each
EBI_CSR must be programmed with a different base address, even for unused chip
selects.
Base Address: 0xFFE00000 (Code Label EBI_BASE)
Table 6. EBI Memory Map
Offset
Register
Name
Access
Reset State
0x00
Chip Select Register 0
EBI_CSR0
Read/Write
0x0000203E(1)
0x0000203D(2)
0x04
Chip Select Register 1
EBI_CSR1
Read/Write
0x10000000
0x08
Chip Select Register 2
EBI_CSR2
Read/Write
0x20000000
0x0C
Chip Select Register 3
EBI_CSR3
Read/Write
0x30000000
0x10
Chip Select Register 4
EBI_CSR4
Read/Write
0x40000000
0x14
Chip Select Register 5
EBI_CSR5
Read/Write
0x50000000
0x18
Chip Select Register 6
EBI_CSR6
Read/Write
0x60000000
0x1C
Chip Select Register 7
EBI_CSR7
Read/Write
0x70000000
0x20
Remap Control Register
EBI_RCR
Write only
–
0x24
Memory Control
Register
EBI_MCR
Read/Write
Notes:
0
1. 8-bit boot (if BMS is detected high)
2. 16-bit boot (if BMS is detected low)
45
1354D–ATARM–05/02
EBI Chip Select Register
Register Name: EBI_CSR0 - EBI_CSR7
Access Type:
Read/Write
Reset Value:
See Table 6
Absolute Address:0xFFE00000 - 0xFFE0001C
Offset:
0x00 - 0x1C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
10
9
BA
23
22
21
20
BA
15
14
13
12
–
–
CSEN
BAT
4
7
6
5
PAGES
–
WSE
11
8
TDF
3
2
PAGES
1
NWS
0
DBW
• DBW: Data Bus Width
Code Label
DBW
Data Bus Width
EBI_DBW
0
0
Reserved
–
0
1
16-bit data bus width
EBI_DBW_16
1
0
8-bit data bus width
EBI_DBW_8
1
1
Reserved
–
• NWS: Number of Wait States
This field is valid only if WSE is set.
Code Label
NWS
Number of Standard Wait States
EBI_NWS
0
0
0
1
EBI_NWS_1
0
0
1
2
EBI_NWS_2
0
1
0
3
EBI_NWS_3
0
1
1
4
EBI_NWS_4
1
0
0
5
EBI_NWS_5
1
0
1
6
EBI_NWS_6
1
1
0
7
EBI_NWS_7
1
1
1
8
EBI_NWS_8
• WSE: Wait State Enable (Code Label EBI_WSE)
0 = Wait state generation is disabled. No wait states are inserted.
1 = Wait state generation is enabled.
46
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
• PAGES: Page Size
Code Label
PAGES
Page Size
Active Bits in Base Address
EBI_PAGES
0
0
1M Byte
12 Bits (31 - 20)
EBI_PAGES_1M
0
1
4M Bytes
10 Bits (31 - 22)
EBI_PAGES_4M
1
0
16M Bytes
8 Bits (31 - 24)
EBI_PAGES_16M
1
1
64M Bytes
6 Bits (31 - 26)
EBI_PAGES_64M
• TDF: Data Float Output Time
Code Label
TDF
Number of Cycles Added after the Transfer
EBI_TDF
0
0
0
0
EBI_TDF_0
0
0
1
1
EBI_TDF_1
0
1
0
2
EBI_TDF_2
0
1
1
3
EBI_TDF_3
1
0
0
4
EBI_TDF_4
1
0
1
5
EBI_TDF_5
1
1
0
6
EBI_TDF_6
1
1
1
7
EBI_TDF_7
• BAT: Byte Access Type
Code Label
BAT
Selected BAT
0
Byte-write access type.
EBI_BAT_BYTE_WRITE
1
Byte-select access type.
EBI_BAT_BYTE_SELECT
EBI_BAT
• CSEN: Chip Select Enable (Code Label EBI_CSEN)
0 = Chip select is disabled.
1 = Chip select is enabled.
• BA: Base Address (Code Label EBI_BA)
These bits contain the highest bits of the base address. If the page size is larger than 1M byte, the unused bits of the base
address are ignored by the EBI decoder.
47
1354D–ATARM–05/02
EBI Remap Control Register
Register Name: EBI_RCR
Access Type:
Write Only
Absolute Address:0xFFE00020
Offset:
0x20
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
RCB
• RCB: Remap Command Bit (Code Label EBI_RCB)
0 = No effect.
1 = Cancels the remapping (performed at reset) of the page zero memory devices.
48
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
EBI Memory Control Register
Register Name: EBI_MCR
Access Type:
Read/Write
Reset Value:
0
Absolute Address:0xFFE00024
Offset:
0x24
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
DRP
–
ALE
• ALE: Address Line Enable
This field determines the number of valid address lines and the number of valid chip select lines.
Code Label
ALE
Valid Address Bits
Maximum Addressable Space
Valid Chip Select
EBI_ALE
0
X
X
A20, A21, A22, A23
16M Bytes
None
EBI_ALE_16M
1
0
0
A20, A21, A22
8M Bytes
CS4
EBI_ALE_8M
1
0
1
A20, A21
4M Bytes
CS4, CS5
EBI_ALE_4M
1
1
0
A20
2M Bytes
CS4, CS5, CS6
EBI_ALE_2M
1
1
1
None
1M Byte
CS4, CS5, CS6, CS7
EBI_ALE_1M
• DRP: Data Read Protocol
Code Label
DRP
Selected DRP
0
Standard read protocol for all external memory devices enabled
1
Early read protocol for all external memory devices enabled
EBI_DRP
EBI_DRP_STANDARD
EBI_DRP_EARLY
49
1354D–ATARM–05/02
PS: Power-saving
The AT91X40 Series’ Power-saving feature enables optimization of power consumption.
The PS controls the CPU and Peripheral Clocks. One control register (PS_CR) enables
the user to stop the ARM7TDMI Clock and enter Idle Mode. One set of registers with a
set/clear mechanism enables and disables the peripheral clocks individually.
The ARM7TDMI clock is enabled after a reset and is automatically re-enabled by any
enabled interrupt in the Idle Mode.
Peripheral Clocks
The clock of each peripheral integrated in the AT91X40 Series can be individually
enabled and disabled by writing to the Peripheral Clock Enable (PS_PCER) and Peripheral Clock Disable Registers (PS_PCDR). The status of the peripheral clocks can be
read in the Peripheral Clock Status Register (PS_PCSR).
When a peripheral clock is disabled, the clock is immediately stopped. When the clock is
re-enabled, the peripheral resumes action where it left off.
To avoid data corruption or erroneous behavior of the system, the system software only
disables the clock after all programmed peripheral operations have finished.
The peripheral clocks are automatically enabled after a reset.
The bits that control the peripheral clocks are the same as those that control the Interrupt Sources in the AIC.
50
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
PS User Interface
Base Address: 0xFFFF4000 (Code Label PS_BASE)
Table 7. PS Memory Map
Offset
Register
Name
Access
Reset State
PS_CR
Write Only
–
0x00
Control Register
0x04
Peripheral Clock Enable Register
PS_PCER
Write Only
–
0x08
Peripheral Clock Disable Register
PS_PCDR
Write Only
–
0x0C
Peripheral Clock Status Register
PS_PCSR
Read Only
0x17C
51
1354D–ATARM–05/02
PS Control Register
Name:
PS_CR
Access:
Write Only
Offset:
0x00
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
CPU
• CPU: CPU Clock Disable
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the CPU clock.
The CPU clock is re-enabled by any enabled interrupt or by hardware reset.
52
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
PS Peripheral Clock Enable Register
Name:
PS_PCER
Access: Write Only
Offset:
0x04
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
PIO
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
TC2
TC1
TC0
US1
US0
–
–
• US0: USART 0 Clock Enable
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the USART 0 clock.
• US1: USART 1 Clock Enable
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the USART 1 clock.
• TC0: Timer Counter 0 Clock Enable
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the Timer Counter 0 clock.
• TC1: Timer Counter 1 Clock Enable
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the Timer Counter 1 clock.
• TC2: Timer Counter 2 Clock Enable
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the Timer Counter 2 clock.
• PIO: Parallel IO Clock Enable
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the Parallel IO clock.
53
1354D–ATARM–05/02
PS Peripheral Clock Disable Register
Name:
PS_PCDR
Access:
Write Only
Offset:
0x08
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
PIO
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
TC2
TC1
TC0
US1
US0
–
–
• US0: USART 0 Clock Disable
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the USART 0 clock.
• US1: USART 1 Clock Disable
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the USART 1 clock.
• TC0: Timer Counter 0 Clock Disable
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the Timer Counter 0 clock.
• TC1: Timer Counter 1 Clock Disable
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the Timer Counter 1 clock.
• TC2: Timer Counter 2 Clock Disable
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the Timer Counter 2 clock.
• PIO: Parallel IO Clock Disable
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the Parallel IO clock.
54
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
PS Peripheral Clock Status Register
Name:
PS_PCSR
Access:
Read Only
Reset Value: 0x17C
Offset:
0x0C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
PIO
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
TC2
TC1
TC0
US1
US0
–
–
• US0: USART 0 Clock Status
0 = USART 0 clock is disabled.
1 = USART 0 clock is enabled.
• US1: USART 1 Clock Status
0 = USART 1 clock is disabled.
1 = USART 1 clock is enabled.
• TC0: Timer Counter 0 Clock Status
0 = Timer Counter 0 clock is disabled.
1 = Timer Counter 0 clock is enabled.
• TC1: Timer Counter 1 Clock Status
0 = Timer Counter 1 clock is disabled.
1 = Timer Counter 1 clock is enabled.
• TC2: Timer Counter 2 Clock Status
0 = Timer Counter 2 clock is disabled.
1 = Timer Counter 2 clock is enabled.
• PIO: Parallel IO Clock Status
0 = Parallel IO clock is disabled.
1 = Parallel IO clock is enabled.
55
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AIC: Advanced
Interrupt Controller
The AT91X40 Series has an 8-level priority, individually maskable, vectored interrupt
controller. This feature substantially reduces the software and real-time overhead in
handling internal and external interrupts.
The interrupt controller is connected to the NFIQ (fast interrupt request) and the NIRQ
(standard interrupt request) inputs of the ARM7TDMI processor. The processor’s NFIQ
line can only be asserted by the external fast interrupt request input: FIQ. The NIRQ line
can be asserted by the interrupts generated by the on-chip peripherals and the external
interrupt request lines: IRQ0 to IRQ2.
The 8-level priority encoder allows the customer to define the priority between the different NIRQ interrupt sources.
Internal sources are programmed to be level sensitive or edge triggered. External
sources can be programmed to be positive or negative edge triggered or high- or lowlevel sensitive.
The interrupt sources are listed in Table 8 and the AIC programmable registers in Table
9.
Figure 33. Interrupt Controller Block Diagram
FIQ Source
Advanced Peripheral
Bus (APB)
Note:
56
NFIQ
ARM7TDMI
Core
Control
Logic
Internal Interrupt Sources
External Interrupt Sources
NFIQ
Manager
Memorization
Memorization
Priority
Controller
NIRQ
Manager
NIRQ
After a hardware reset, the AIC pins are controlled by the PIO Controller. They must be configured to be controlled by the
peripheral before being used.
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Table 8. AIC Interrupt Sources
Interrupt Source (1)
Interrupt Name
0
FIQ
1
SWIRQ
Software Interrupt
2
US0IRQ
USART Channel 0 interrupt
3
US1IRQ
USART Channel 1 interrupt
4
TC0IRQ
Timer Channel 0 interrupt
5
TC1IRQ
Timer Channel 1 interrupt
6
TC2IRQ
Timer Channel 2 interrupt
7
WDIRQ
Watchdog interrupt
8
PIOIRQ
Parallel I/O Controller interrupt
9
–
Reserved
10
–
Reserved
11
–
Reserved
12
–
Reserved
13
–
Reserved
14
–
Reserved
15
–
Reserved
16
IRQ0
External interrupt 0
17
IRQ1
External interrupt 1
18
IRQ2
External interrupt 2
19
–
Reserved
20
–
Reserved
21
–
Reserved
22
–
Reserved
23
–
Reserved
24
–
Reserved
25
–
Reserved
26
–
Reserved
27
–
Reserved
28
–
Reserved
29
–
Reserved
30
–
Reserved
Note:
Interrupt Description
Fast Interrupt
31
–
Reserved
1. Reserved interrupt sources are not available. Corresponding registers must not be used and read 0.
57
1354D–ATARM–05/02
Hardware Interrupt
Vectoring
The hardware interrupt vectoring reduces the number of instructions to reach the interrupt handler to only one. By storing the following instruction at address 0x00000018, the
processor loads the program counter with the interrupt handler address stored in the
AIC_IVR register. Execution is then vectored to the interrupt handler corresponding to
the current interrupt.
ldr PC,[PC,# - &F20]
The current interrupt is the interrupt with the highest priority when the Interrupt Vector
Register (AIC_IVR) is read. The value read in the AIC_IVR corresponds to the address
stored in the Source Vector Register (AIC_SVR) of the current interrupt. Each interrupt
source has its corresponding AIC_SVR. In order to take advantage of the hardware
interrupt vectoring it is necessary to store the address of each interrupt handler in the
corresponding AIC_SVR, at system initialization.
Priority Controller
The NIRQ line is controlled by an 8-level priority encoder. Each source has a programmable priority level of 7 to 0. Level 7 is the highest priority and level 0 the lowest.
When the AIC receives more than one unmasked interrupt at a time, the interrupt with
the highest priority is serviced first. If both interrupts have equal priority, the interrupt
with the lowest interrupt source number (see table 8) is serviced first.
The current priority level is defined as the priority level of the current interrupt at the time
the register AIC_IVR is read (the interrupt which will be serviced).
In the case when a higher priority unmasked interrupt occurs while an interrupt already
exists, there are two possible outcomes depending on whether the AIC_IVR has been
read.
•
If the NIRQ line has been asserted but the AIC_IVR has not been read, then the
processor will read the new higher priority interrupt handler address in the AIC_IVR
register and the current interrupt level is updated.
•
If the processor has already read the AIC_IVR then the NIRQ line is reasserted.
When the processor has authorized nested interrupts to occur and reads the
AIC_IVR again, it reads the new, higher priority interrupt handler address. At the
same time the current priority value is pushed onto a first-in last-out stack and the
current priority is updated to the higher priority.
When the end of interrupt command register (AIC_EOICR) is written the current interrupt level is updated with the last stored interrupt level from the stack (if any). Hence at
the end of a higher priority interrupt, the AIC returns to the previous state corresponding
to the preceding lower priority interrupt which had been interrupted.
Interrupt Handling
The interrupt handler must read the AIC_IVR as soon as possible. This de-asserts the
NIRQ request to the processor and clears the interrupt in case it is programmed to be
edge triggered. This permits the AIC to assert the NIRQ line again when a higher priority
unmasked interrupt occurs.
At the end of the interrupt service routine, the end of interrupt command register
(AIC_EOICR) must be written. This allows pending interrupts to be serviced.
Interrupt Masking
58
Each interrupt source, including FIQ, can be enabled or disabled using the command
registers AIC_IECR and AIC_IDCR. The interrupt mask can be read in the read only
register AIC_IMR. A disabled interrupt does not affect the servicing of other interrupts.
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Interrupt Clearing and
Setting
All interrupt sources which are programmed to be edge triggered (including FIQ) can be
individually set or cleared by respectively writing to the registers AIC_ISCR and
AIC_ICCR. This function of the interrupt controller is available for auto-test or software
debug purposes.
Fast Interrupt Request
The external FIQ line is the only source which can raise a fast interrupt request to the
processor. Therefore, it has no priority controller.
The external FIQ line can be programmed to be positive or negative edge triggered or
high- or low-level sensitive in the AIC_SMR0 register.
The fast interrupt handler address can be stored in the AIC_SVR0 register. The value
written into this register is available by reading the AIC_FVR register when an FIQ interrupt is raised. By storing the following instruction at address 0x0000001C, the processor
will load the program counter with the interrupt handler address stored in the AIC_FVR
register.
ldr PC,[PC,# -&F20]
Alternatively the interrupt handler can be stored starting from address 0x0000001C as
described in the ARM7TDMI datasheet.
Software Interrupt
Interrupt source 1 of the advanced interrupt controller is a software interrupt. It must be
programmed to be edge triggered in order to set or clear it by writing to the AIC_ISCR
and AIC_ICCR.
This is totally independent of the SWI instruction of the ARM7TDMI processor.
Spurious Interrupt
When the AIC asserts the NIRQ line, the ARM7TDMI enters IRQ Mode and the interrupt
handler reads the IVR. It may happen that the AIC de-asserts the NIRQ line after the
core has taken into account the NIRQ assertion and before the read of the IVR.
This behavior is called a Spurious Interrupt.
The AIC is able to detect these Spurious Interrupts and returns the Spurious Vector
when the IVR is read. The Spurious Vector can be programmed by the user when the
vector table is initialized.
A spurious interrupt may occur in the following cases:
•
With any sources programmed to be level sensitive, if the interrupt signal of the AIC
input is de-asserted at the same time as it is taken into account by the ARM7TDMI.
•
If an interrupt is asserted at the same time as the software is disabling the
corresponding source through AIC_IDCR (this can happen due to the pipelining of
the ARM core).
The same mechanism of spurious interrupt occurs if the ARM7TDMI reads the IVR
(application software or ICE) when there is no interrupt pending. This mechanism is also
valid for the FIQ interrupts.
Once the AIC enters the spurious interrupt management, it asserts neither the NIRQ nor
the NFIQ lines to the ARM7TDMI as long as the spurious interrupt is not acknowledged.
Therefore, it is mandatory for the Spurious Interrupt Service Routine to acknowledge the
“spurious” behavior by writing to the AIC_EOICR (End of Interrupt) before returning to
the interrupted software. It also can perform other operation(s), e.g., trace possible
undesirable behavior.
59
1354D–ATARM–05/02
Protect Mode
The Protect Mode permits reading of the Interrupt Vector Register without performing
the associated automatic operations. This is necessary when working with a debug
system.
When a Debug Monitor or an ICE reads the AIC User Interface, the IVR could be read.
This would have the following consequences in Normal Mode.
•
If an enabled interrupt with a higher priority than the current one is pending, it would
be stacked
•
If there is no enabled pending interrupt, the spurious vector would be returned.
In either case, an End of Interrupt command would be necessary to acknowledge and to
restore the context of the AIC. This operation is generally not performed by the debug
system. Hence the debug system would become strongly intrusive, and could cause the
application to enter an undesired state.
This is avoided by using Protect Mode.
The Protect Mode is enabled by setting the AIC bit in the SF Protect Mode Register (see
“SF: Special Function Registers” on page 94).
When Protect Mode is enabled, the AIC performs interrupt stacking only when a write
access is performed on the AIC_IVR. Therefore, the Interrupt Service Routines must
write (arbitrary data) to the AIC_IVR just after reading it.
The new context of the AIC, including the value of the Interrupt Status Register
(AIC_ISR), is updated with the current interrupt only when IVR is written.
An AIC_IVR read on its own (e.g. by a debugger), modifies neither the AIC context nor
the AIC_ISR.
Extra AIC_IVR reads performed in between the read and the write can cause unpredictable results. Therefore, it is strongly recommended not to set a breakpoint between
these two actions, nor to stop the software.
The debug system must not write to the AIC_IVR as this would cause undesirable
effects.
The following table shows the main steps of an interrupt and the order in which they are
performed according to the mode:
Action
Normal Mode
Protect Mode
Calculate active interrupt (higher than current or spurious)
Read AIC_IVR
Read AIC_IVR
Determine and return the vector of the active interrupt
Read AIC_IVR
Read AIC_IVR
Memorize interrupt
Read AIC_IVR
Read AIC_IVR
Read AIC_IVR
Write AIC_IVR
Read AIC_IVR
Write AIC_IVR
Write AIC_IVR
–
Push on internal stack the current priority level
Acknowledge the interrupt
No effect
(1)
(2)
Notes:
60
1. NIRQ de-assertion and automatic interrupt clearing if the source is programmed as
level sensitive.
2. Software that has been written and debugged using Protect Mode will run correctly in
Normal Mode without modification. However, in Normal Mode the AIC_IVR write has
no effect and can be removed to optimize the code.
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
AIC User Interface
• Base Address: 0xFFFFF000 (Code Label AIC_BASE)
Table 9. AIC Memory Map
Offset
Register
0x000
0x004
–
Access
Reset State
Source Mode Register 0
AIC_SMR0
Read/Write
0
Source Mode Register 1
AIC_SMR1
Read/Write
0
–
Read/Write
0
–
0x07C
Source Mode Register 31
AIC_SMR31
Read/Write
0
0x080
Source Vector Register 0
AIC_SVR0
Read/Write
0
0x084
Source Vector Register 1
AIC_SVR1
Read/Write
0
–
Read/Write
0
AIC_SVR31
Read/Write
0
–
Note:
Name
–
0x0FC
Source Vector Register 31
0x100
IRQ Vector Register
AIC_IVR
Read Only
0
0x104
FIQ Vector Register
AIC_FVR
Read Only
0
0x108
Interrupt Status Register
AIC_ISR
Read Only
0
0x10C
Interrupt Pending Register
AIC_IPR
Read Only
(see Note 1)
0x110
Interrupt Mask Register
AIC_IMR
Read Only
0
0x114
Core Interrupt Status Register
AIC_CISR
Read Only
0
0x118
Reserved
–
–
–
0x11C
Reserved
–
–
–
0x120
Interrupt Enable Command Register
AIC_IECR
Write Only
–
0x124
Interrupt Disable Command Register
AIC_IDCR
Write Only
–
0x128
Interrupt Clear Command Register
AIC_ICCR
Write Only
–
0x12C
Interrupt Set Command Register
AIC_ISCR
Write Only
–
0x130
End of Interrupt Command Register
AIC_EOICR
Write Only
–
0x134
Spurious Vector Register
AIC_SPU
Read/Write
0
The reset value of this register depends on the level of the External IRQ lines. All other sources are cleared at reset.
61
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AIC Source Mode Register
Register Name: AIC_SMR0 - AIC_SMR31
Access Type:
Read/Write
Reset Value:
0
Offset:
0x000 - 0x07C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
5
SRCTYPE
PRIOR
• PRIOR: Priority Level (Code Label AIC_PRIOR)
Program the priority level for all sources except source 0 (FIQ).
The priority level can be between 0 (lowest) and 7 (highest).
The priority level is not used for the FIQ, in the SMR0.
• SRCTYPE: Interrupt Source Type
Program the input to be positive or negative level sensitive or positive or negative edge triggered.
The active level or edge is not programmable for the internal sources.
Code Label
SRCTYPE
External Sources
AIC_SRCTYPE
AIC_SRCTYPE_EXT_LOW_LEVEL
0
0
Low Level Sensitive
0
1
Negative Edge Triggered
1
0
High Level Sensitive
1
1
Positive Edge Triggered
AIC_SRCTYPE_EXT_NEGATIVE_EDGE
AIC_SRCTYPE_EXT_HIGH_LEVEL
AIC_SRCTYPE_EXT_POSITIVE_EDGE
Code Label
SRCTYPE
62
Internal Sources
AIC_SRCTYPE
x
0
Level Sensitive
AIC_SRCTYPE_INT_LEVEL
x
1
Edge Triggered
AIC_SRCTYPE_INT_EDGE
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
AIC Source Vector Register
Register Name: AIC_SVR0 - AIC_SVR31
Access Type:
Read/Write
Reset Value:
0
Offset:
0x080 - 0x0FC
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
VECTOR
23
22
21
20
VECTOR
15
14
13
12
VECTOR
7
6
5
4
VECTOR
• VECTOR: Interrupt Handler Address
The user may store in these registers the addresses of the corresponding handler for each interrupt source.
63
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AIC Interrupt Vector Register
Register Name: AIC_IVR
Access Type:
Read Only
Reset Value:
0
Offset:
0x100
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
IRQV
23
22
21
20
IRQV
15
14
13
12
IRQV
7
6
5
4
IRQV
• IRQV: Interrupt Vector Register
The IRQ Vector Register contains the vector programmed by the user in the Source Vector Register corresponding to the
current interrupt.
The Source Vector Register (1 to 31) is indexed using the current interrupt number when the Interrupt Vector Register is
read.
When there is no current interrupt, the IRQ Vector Register reads 0.
AIC FIQ Vector Register
Register Name: AIC_FVR
Access Type:
Read Only
Reset Value:
0
Offset:
0x104
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
FIQV
23
22
21
20
FIQV
15
14
13
12
FIQV
7
6
5
4
FIQV
• FIQV: FIQ Vector Register
The FIQ Vector Register contains the vector programmed by the user in the Source Vector Register 0 which corresponds to
FIQ.
64
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
AIC Interrupt Status Register
Register Name: AIC_ISR
Access Type:
Read Only
Reset Value:
0
Offset:
0x108
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4
3
2
1
0
7
6
5
–
–
–
IRQID
• IRQID: Current IRQ Identifier (Code Label AIC_IRQID)
The Interrupt Status Register returns the current interrupt source number.
AIC Interrupt Pending Register
Register Name: AIC_IPR
Access Type:
Read Only
Reset Value:
0
Offset:
0x10C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
IRQ2
IRQ1
IRQ0
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
PIOIRQ
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
WDIRQ
TC2IRQ
TC1IRQ
TC0IRQ
US1IRQ
US0IRQ
SWIRQ
FIQ
• Interrupt Pending
0 = Corresponding interrupt is inactive.
1 = Corresponding interrupt is pending.
65
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AIC Interrupt Mask Register
Register Name: AIC_IMR
Access Type:
Read Only
Reset Value:
0
Offset:
0x110
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
IRQ2
IRQ1
IRQ0
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
PIOIRQ
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
WDIRQ
TC2IRQ
TC1IRQ
TC0IRQ
US1IRQ
US0IRQ
SWIRQ
FIQ
• Interrupt Mask
0 = Corresponding interrupt is disabled.
1 = Corresponding interrupt is enabled.
66
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
AIC Core Interrupt Status Register
Register Name: AIC_CISR
Access Type:
Read Only
Reset Value:
0
Offset:
0x114
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
NIRQ
NFIQ
• NFIQ: NFIQ Status (Code Label AIC_NFIQ)
0 = NFIQ line inactive.
1 = NFIQ line active.
• NIRQ: NIRQ Status (Code Label AIC_NIRQ)
0 = NIRQ line inactive.
1 = NIRQ line active.
67
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AIC Interrupt Enable Command Register
Register Name: AIC_IECR
Access Type:
Write Only
Offset:
0x120
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
IRQ2
IRQ1
IRQ0
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
PIOIRQ
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
WDIRQ
TC2IRQ
TC1IRQ
TC0IRQ
US1IRQ
US0IRQ
SWIRQ
FIQ
• Interrupt Enable
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables corresponding interrupt.
AIC Interrupt Disable Command Register
Register Name: AIC_IDCR
Access Type:
Write Only
Offset:
0x124
•
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
IRQ2
IRQ1
IRQ0
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
PIOIRQ
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
WDIRQ
TC2IRQ
TC1IRQ
TC0IRQ
US1IRQ
US0IRQ
SWIRQ
FIQ
Interrupt Disable
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables corresponding interrupt.
68
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
AIC Interrupt Clear Command Register
Register Name: AIC_ICCR
Access Type:
Write Only
Offset:
0x128
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
IRQ2
IRQ1
IRQ0
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
PIOIRQ
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
WDIRQ
TC2IRQ
TC1IRQ
TC0IRQ
US1IRQ
US0IRQ
SWIRQ
FIQ
• Interrupt Clear
0 = No effect.
1 = Clears corresponding interrupt.
AIC Interrupt Set Command Register
Register Name: AIC_ISCR
Access Type:
Write Only
Offset:
0x12C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
IRQ2
IRQ1
IRQ0
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
PIOIRQ
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
WDIRQ
TC2IRQ
TC1IRQ
TC0IRQ
US1IRQ
US0IRQ
SWIRQ
FIQ
• Interrupt Set
0 = No effect.
1 = Sets corresponding interrupt.
69
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AIC End of Interrupt Command Register
Register Name: AIC_EOICR
Access Type:
Write Only
Offset:
0x130
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
The End of Interrupt Command Register is used by the interrupt routine to indicate that the interrupt treatment is complete.
Any value can be written because it is only necessary to make a write to this register location to signal the end of interrupt
treatment.
AIC Spurious Vector Register
Register Name: AIC_SPU
Access Type:
Read/Write
Reset Value:
0
Offset:
0x134
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
SPUVEC
23
22
21
20
SPUVEC
15
14
13
12
SPUVEC
7
6
5
4
SPUVEC
• SPUVEC: Spurious Interrupt Vector Handler Address
The user may store the address of the spurious interrupt handler in this register.
70
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Standard Interrupt
Sequence
It is assumed that:
•
The Advanced Interrupt Controller has been programmed, AIC_SVR are loaded
with corresponding interrupt service routine addresses and interrupts are enabled.
•
The Instruction at address 0x18(IRQ exception vector address) is
ldr pc, [pc, # - &F20]
When NIRQ is asserted, if the bit I of CPSR is 0, the sequence is:
1. The CPSR is stored in SPSR_irq, the current value of the Program Counter is
loaded in the IRQ link register (r14_irq) and the Program Counter (r15) is loaded
with 0x18. In the following cycle during fetch at address 0x1C, the ARM core
adjusts r14_irq, decrementing it by 4.
2. The ARM core enters IRQ Mode, if it is not already.
3. When the instruction loaded at address 0x18 is executed, the Program Counter
is loaded with the value read in AIC_IVR. Reading the AIC_IVR has the following
effects:
–
Set the current interrupt to be the pending one with the highest priority. The
current level is the priority level of the current interrupt.
–
De-assert the NIRQ line on the processor. (Even if vectoring is not used,
AIC_IVR must be read in order to de-assert NIRQ)
–
Automatically clear the interrupt, if it has been programmed to be edge
triggered
–
Push the current level on to the stack
–
Return the value written in the AIC_SVR corresponding to the current
interrupt
4. The previous step has effect to branch to the corresponding interrupt service
routine. This should start by saving the Link Register(r14_irq) and the
SPSR(SPSR_irq). Note that the Link Register must be decremented by 4 when it
is saved, if it is to be restored directly into the Program Counter at the end of the
interrupt.
5. Further interrupts can then be unmasked by clearing the I bit in the CPSR, allowing re-assertion of the NIRQ to be taken into account by the core. This can occur
if an interrupt with a higher priority than the current one occurs.
6. The Interrupt Handler can then proceed as required, saving the registers which
will be used and restoring them at the end. During this phase, an interrupt of priority higher than the current level will restart the sequence from step 1. Note that
if the interrupt is programmed to be level sensitive, the source of the interrupt
must be cleared during this phase.
7. The I bit in the CPSR must be set in order to mask interrupts before exiting, to
ensure that the interrupt is completed in an orderly manner.
8. The End Of Interrupt Command Register (AIC_EOICR) must be written in order
to indicate to the AIC that the current interrupt is finished. This causes the current level to be popped from the stack, restoring the previous current level if one
exists on the stack. If another interrupt is pending, with lower or equal priority
than old current level but with higher priority than the new current level, the NIRQ
line is re-asserted, but the interrupt sequence does not immediately start
because the I bit is set in the core.
9. The SPSR (SPSR_irq) is restored. Finally, the saved value of the Link Register is
restored directly into the PC. This has effect of returning from the interrupt to
whatever was being executed before, and of loading the CPSR with the stored
71
1354D–ATARM–05/02
SPSR, masking or unmasking the interrupts depending on the state saved in the
SPSR (the previous state of the ARM core).
Note:
72
The I bit in the SPSR is significant. If it is set, it indicates that the ARM core was just
about to mask IRQ interrupts when the mask instruction was interrupted. Hence, when
the SPSR is restored, the mask instruction is completed (IRQ is masked).
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Fast Interrupt Sequence
It is assumed that:
•
The Advanced Interrupt Controller has been programmed, AIC_SVR[0] is loaded
with fast interrupt service routine address and the fast interrupt is enabled.
•
The Instruction at address 0x1C(FIQ exception vector address) is:
•
ldr pc, [pc, # - &F20].
•
Nested Fast Interrupts are not needed by the user.
When NFIQ is asserted, if the bit F of CPSR is 0, the sequence is:
1. The CPSR is stored in SPSR_fiq, the current value of the Program Counter is
loaded in the FIQ link register (r14_fiq) and the Program Counter (r15) is loaded
with 0x1C. In the following cycle, during fetch at address 0x20, the ARM core
adjusts r14_fiq, decrementing it by 4.
2. The ARM core enters FIQ Mode.
3. When the instruction loaded at address 0x1C is executed, the Program Counter
is loaded with the value read in AIC_FVR. Reading the AIC_FVR has effect of
automatically clearing the fast interrupt (source 0 connected to the FIQ line), if it
has been programmed to be edge triggered. In this case only, it de-asserts the
NFIQ line on the processor.
4. The previous step has effect to branch to the corresponding interrupt service
routine. It is not necessary to save the Link Register(r14_fiq) and the
SPSR(SPSR_fiq) if nested fast interrupts are not needed.
5. The Interrupt Handler can then proceed as required. It is not necessary to save
registers r8 to r13 because FIQ Mode has its own dedicated registers and the
user r8 to r13 are banked. The other registers, r0 to r7, must be saved before
being used, and restored at the end (before the next step). Note that if the fast
interrupt is programmed to be level sensitive, the source of the interrupt must be
cleared during this phase in order to de-assert the NFIQ line.
6. Finally, the Link Register (r14_fiq) is restored into the PC after decrementing it by
4 (with instruction sub pc, lr, #4 for example). This has effect of returning from the
interrupt to whatever was being executed before, and of loading the CPSR with
the SPSR, masking or unmasking the fast interrupt depending on the state saved
in the SPSR.
Note:
The F bit in the SPSR is significant. If it is set, it indicates that the ARM core was just
about to mask FIQ interrupts when the mask instruction was interrupted. Hence when
the SPSR is restored, the interrupted instruction is completed (FIQ is masked).
73
1354D–ATARM–05/02
PIO: Parallel I/O
Controller
The AT91X40 Series has 32 programmable I/O lines. Six pins are dedicated as general
purpose I/O pins (P16, P17, P18, P19, P23 and P24). Other I/O lines are multiplexed
with an external signal of a peripheral to optimize the use of available package pins (see
Table 10). The PIO controller also provides an internal interrupt signal to the Advanced
Interrupt Controller.
Multiplexed I/O Lines
Some I/O lines are multiplexed with an I/O signal of a peripheral. After reset, the pin is
generally controlled by the PIO Controller and is in Input Mode. Table 10 indicates which
of these pins are not controlled by the PIO Controller after reset.
When a peripheral signal is not used in an application, the corresponding pin can be
used as a parallel I/O. Each parallel I/O line is bi-directional, whether the peripheral
defines the signal as input or output. Figure 34 shows the multiplexing of the peripheral
signals with Parallel I/O signals.
If a pin is multiplexed between the PIO Controller and a peripheral, the pin is controlled
by the registers PIO_PER (PIO Enable) and PIO_PDR (PIO Disable). The register
PIO_PSR (PIO Status) indicates whether the pin is controlled by the corresponding
peripheral or by the PIO Controller.
If a pin is a general-purpose parallel I/O pin (not multiplexed with a peripheral),
PIO_PER and PIO_PDR have no effect and PIO_PSR returns 1 for the bits corresponding to these pins.
When the PIO is selected, the peripheral input line is connected to zero.
Output Selection
The user can enable each individual I/O signal as an output with the registers PIO_OER
(Output Enable) and PIO_ODR (Output Disable). The output status of the I/O signals
can be read in the register PIO_OSR (Output Status). The direction defined has effect
only if the pin is configured to be controlled by the PIO Controller.
I/O Levels
Each pin can be configured to be driven high or low. The level is defined in four different
ways, according to the following conditions.
If a pin is controlled by the PIO Controller and is defined as an output (see “Output
Selection” above), the level is programmed using the registers PIO_SODR (Set Output
Data) and PIO_CODR (Clear Output Data). In this case, the programmed value can be
read in PIO_ODSR (Output Data Status).
If a pin is controlled by the PIO Controller and is not defined as an output, the level is
determined by the external circuit.
If a pin is not controlled by the PIO Controller, the state of the pin is defined by the
peripheral (see peripheral datasheets).
In all cases, the level on the pin can be read in the register PIO_PDSR (Pin Data
Status).
Filters
74
Optional input glitch filtering is available on each pin of the AT91M40800, the
AT91M40807 and the AT91R40807. Filtering is controlled by the registers PIO_IFER
(Input Filter Enable) and PIO_IFDR (Input Filter Disable). The input glitch filtering can be
selected whether the pin is used for its peripheral function or as a parallel I/O line. The
register PIO_IFSR (Input Filter Status) indicates whether or not the filter is activated for
each pin.
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Interrupts
Each parallel I/O can be programmed to generate an interrupt when a level change
occurs. This is controlled by the PIO_IER (Interrupt Enable) and PIO_IDR (Interrupt Disable) registers which enable/disable the I/O interrupt by setting/clearin g the
corresponding bit in the PIO_IMR. When a change in level occurs, the corresponding bit
in the PIO_ISR (Interrupt Status) is set whether the pin is used as a PIO or a peripheral
and whether it is defined as input or output. If the corresponding interrupt in PIO_IMR
(Interrupt Mask) is enabled, the PIO interrupt is asserted.
When PIO_ISR is read, the register is automatically cleared.
User Interface
Each individual I/O is associated with a bit position in the Parallel I/O user interface registers. Each of these registers are 32 bits wide. If a parallel I/O line is not defined, writing
to the corresponding bits has no effect. Undefined bits read zero.
75
1354D–ATARM–05/02
Figure 34. Parallel I/O Multiplexed with a Bi-directional Signal
PIO_OSR
1
Pad Output Enable
Peripheral
Output
Enable
0
PIO_PSR
PIO_ODSR
1
Pad Output
0
Pad
Pad Input
Filter*
Peripheral
Output
1
0
0
Peripheral
Input
1
PIO_IFSR
PIO_PSR
PIO_PDSR
Event
Detection
PIO_ISR
PIO_IMR
PIOIRQ
Note:
76
The filter is not implemented in the AT91R40008.
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Table 10. Multiplexed Parallel I/Os
PIO Controller
Peripheral
Bit
Number(1)
Port Name
Port Name
0
P0
TCLK0
Timer 0 Clock signal
1
P1
TIOA0
2
P2
3
Note:
Signal Direction
Reset State
Pin
Number
Input
PIO Input
49
Timer 0 Signal A
Bi-directional
PIO Input
50
TIOB0
Timer 0 Signal B
Bi-directional
PIO Input
51
P3
TCLK1
Timer 1 Clock signal
Input
PIO Input
54
4
P4
TIOA1
Timer 1 Signal A
Bi-directional
PIO Input
55
5
P5
TIOB1
Timer 1 Signal B
Bi-directional
PIO Input
56
6
P6
TCLK2
Timer 2 Clock signal
Input
PIO Input
57
7
P7
TIOA2
Timer 2 Signal A
Bi-directional
PIO Input
58
8
P8
TIOB2
Timer 2 Signal B
Bi-directional
PIO Input
59
9
P9
IRQ0
External Interrupt 0
Input
PIO Input
60
10
P10
IRQ1
External Interrupt 1
Input
PIO Input
63
11
P11
IRQ2
External Interrupt 2
Input
PIO Input
64
12
P12
FIQ
Fast Interrupt
Input
PIO Input
66
13
P13
SCK0
USART 0 clock signal
Bi-directional
PIO Input
67
14
P14
TXD0
USART 0 transmit data signal
Output
PIO Input
68
15
P15
RXD0
USART 0 receive data signal
Input
PIO Input
69
16
P16
–
–
–
PIO Input
70
17
P17
–
–
–
PIO Input
71
18
P18
–
–
–
PIO Input
72
19
P19
–
–
–
PIO Input
73
20
P20
SCK1
USART 1 clock signal
Bi-directional
PIO Input
74
21
P21
TXD1
USART 1 transmit data signal
Output
PIO Input
75
22
P22
RXD1
USART 1 receive data signal
Input
PIO Input
76
23
P23
–
–
–
PIO Input
83
24
P24
–
–
–
PIO Input
84
25
P25
MCKO
Master Clock Output
Output
MCKO
85
26
P26
NCS2
Chip Select 2
Output
NCS2
99
27
P27
NCS3
Chip Select 3
Output
NCS3
100
28
P28
A20/CS7
Address 20/Chip Select 7
Output
A20
25
29
P29
A21/CS6
Address 21/Chip Select 6
Output
A21
26
30
P30
A22/CS5
Address 22/Chip Select 5
Output
A22
29
31
P31
A23/CS4
Address 23/Chip Select 4
Output
A23
30
Signal Description
Bit Number refers to the data bit that corresponds to this signal in each of the User Interface registers.
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1354D–ATARM–05/02
PIO User Interface
PIO Base Address: 0xFFFF0000 (Code Label PIO_BASE)
Table 11. PIO Controller Memory Map
Offset
Notes:
78
Register
Name
Access
Reset State
0x00
PIO Enable Register
PIO_PER
Write Only
–
0x04
PIO Disable Register
PIO_PDR
Write Only
–
0x08
PIO Status Register
PIO_PSR
Read Only
0x01FFFFFF
(see also Table
10)
0x0C
Reserved
–
–
–
0x10
Output Enable Register
PIO_OER
Write Only
–
0x14
Output Disable Register
PIO_ODR
Write Only
–
0x18
Output Status Register
PIO_OSR
Read Only
0
0x1C
Reserved
–
–
–
0x20
Input Filter Enable Register
PIO_IFER
Write Only
–
0x24
Input Filter Disable Register
PIO_IFDR
Write Only
–
0x28
Input Filter Status Register(3)
PIO_IFSR
Read Only
0
0x2C
Reserved
–
–
–
0x30
Set Output Data Register
PIO_SODR
Write Only
–
0x34
Clear Output Data Register
PIO_CODR
Write Only
–
0x38
Output Data Status Register
PIO_ODSR
Read Only
0
0x3C
Pin Data Status Register
PIO_PDSR
Read Only
(see Note 1)
0x40
Interrupt Enable Register
PIO_IER
Write Only
–
0x44
Interrupt Disable Register
PIO_IDR
Write Only
–
0x48
Interrupt Mask Register
PIO_IMR
Read Only
0
0x4C
Interrupt Status Register
PIO_ISR
Read Only
(see Note 2)
1. The reset value of this register depends on the level of the external pins at reset.
2. This register is cleared at reset. However, the first read of the register can give a value not equal to zero if any changes have
occurred on any pins between the reset and the read.
3. This register exists in the AT91R40008 but its value has no meaning, since the filters are not implemented.
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
PIO Enable Register
Register Name: PIO_PER
Access Type:
Write Only
Offset:
0x00
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to enable individual pins to be controlled by the PIO Controller instead of the associated peripheral.
When the PIO is enabled, the associated peripheral input (if any) is held at logic zero.
1 = Enables the PIO to control the corresponding pin (disables peripheral control of the pin).
0 = No effect.
PIO Disable Register
Register Name: PIO_PDR
Access Type:
Write Only
Offset:
0x04
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to disable PIO control of individual pins. When the PIO control is disabled, the normal peripheral function is enabled on the corresponding pin.
1 = Disables PIO control (enables peripheral control) on the corresponding pin.
0 = No effect.
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1354D–ATARM–05/02
PIO Status Register
Register Name: PIO_PSR
Access Type:
Read Only
Reset Value:
0x01FFFFFF
Offset:
0x08
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register indicates which pins are enabled for PIO control. This register is updated when PIO lines are enabled or
disabled.
1 = PIO is active on the corresponding line (peripheral is inactive).
0 = PIO is inactive on the corresponding line (peripheral is active).
80
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
PIO Output Enable Register
Register Name: PIO_OER
Access Type:
Write Only
Offset:
0x10
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to enable PIO output drivers. If the pin is driven by a peripheral, this has no effect on the pin, but the
information is stored. The register is programmed as follows:
1 = Enables the PIO output on the corresponding pin.
0 = No effect.
PIO Output Disable Register
Register Name: PIO_ODR
Access Type:
Write Only
Offset:
0x14
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to disable PIO output drivers. If the pin is driven by the peripheral, this has no effect on the pin, but the
information is stored. The register is programmed as follows:
1 = Disables the PIO output on the corresponding pin.
0 = No effect.
81
1354D–ATARM–05/02
PIO Output Status Register
Register Name: PIO_OSR
Access Type:
Read Only
Reset Value:
0
Offset:
0x18
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register shows the PIO pin control (output enable) status which is programmed in PIO_OER and PIO ODR. The
defined value is effective only if the pin is controlled by the PIO. The register reads as follows:
1 = The corresponding PIO is output on this line.
0 = The corresponding PIO is input on this line.
82
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
PIO Input Filter Enable Register
Register Name: PIO_IFER
Access Type:
Write Only
Offset:
0x20
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to enable input glitch filters. It affects the pin whether or not the PIO is enabled. The register is programmed as follows:
1 = Enables the glitch filter on the corresponding pin.
0 = No effect.
PIO Input Filter Disable Register
Register Name: PIO_IFDR
Access Type:
Write Only
Offset:
0x24
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to disable input glitch filters. It affects the pin whether or not the PIO is enabled. The register is programmed as follows:
1 = Disables the glitch filter on the corresponding pin.
0 = No effect.
83
1354D–ATARM–05/02
PIO Input Filter Status Register
Register Name: PIO_IFSR
Access Type:
Read Only
Reset Value:
0
Offset:
0x28
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register indicates which pins have glitch filters selected. It is updated when PIO outputs are enabled or disabled by
writing to PIO_IFER or PIO_IFDR.
1 = Filter is selected on the corresponding input (peripheral and PIO).
0 = Filter is not selected on the corresponding input.
84
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
PIO Set Output Data Register
Register Name: PIO_SODR
Access Type:
Write Only
Offset:
0x30
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to set PIO output data. It affects the pin only if the corresponding PIO output line is enabled and if the
pin is controlled by the PIO. Otherwise, the information is stored.
1 = PIO output data on the corresponding pin is set.
0 = No effect.
PIO Clear Output Data Register
Register Name: PIO_CODR
Access Type:
Write Only
Offset:
0x34
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to clear PIO output data. It affects the pin only if the corresponding PIO output line is enabled and if the
pin is controlled by the PIO. Otherwise, the information is stored.
1 = PIO output data on the corresponding pin is cleared.
0 = No effect.
85
1354D–ATARM–05/02
PIO Output Data Status Register
Register Name: PIO_ODSR
Access Type:
Read Only
Reset Value:
0
Offset:
0x38
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register shows the output data status which is programmed in PIO_SODR or PIO_CODR. The defined value is effective only if the pin is controlled by the PIO Controller and only if the pin is defined as an output.
1 = The output data for the corresponding line is programmed to 1.
0 = The output data for the corresponding line is programmed to 0.
PIO Pin Data Status Register
Register Name: PIO_PDSR
Access Type:
Read Only
Reset Value:
see Table 11
Offset:
0x3C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register shows the state of the physical pin of the chip. The pin values are always valid regardless of whether the pins
are enabled as PIO, peripheral, input or output. The register reads as follows:
1 = The corresponding pin is at logic 1.
0 = The corresponding pin is at logic 0.
86
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
PIO Interrupt Enable Register
Register Name: PIO_IER
Access Type:
Write Only
Offset:
0x40
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to enable PIO interrupts on the corresponding pin. It has effect whether PIO is enabled or not.
1 = Enables an interrupt when a change of logic level is detected on the corresponding pin.
0 = No effect.
PIO Interrupt Disable Register
Register Name: PIO_IDR
Access Type:
Write Only
Offset:
0x44
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register is used to disable PIO interrupts on the corresponding pin. It has effect whether the PIO is enabled or not.
1 = Disables the interrupt on the corresponding pin. Logic level changes are still detected.
0 = No effect.
87
1354D–ATARM–05/02
PIO Interrupt Mask Register
Register Name: PIO_IMR
Access Type:
Read Only
Reset Value:
0
Offset:
0x48
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register shows which pins have interrupts enabled. It is updated when interrupts are enabled or disabled by writing to
PIO_IER or PIO_IDR.
1 = Interrupt is enabled on the corresponding input pin.
0 = Interrupt is not enabled on the corresponding input pin.
PIO Interrupt Status Register
Register Name: PIO_ISR
Access Type:
Read Only
Reset Value:
0
Offset:
0x4C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
P31
P30
P29
P28
P27
P26
P25
P24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P18
P17
P16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
P15
P14
P13
P12
P11
P10
P9
P8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
P2
P1
P0
This register indicates for each pin when a logic value change has been detected (rising or falling edge). This is valid
whether the PIO is selected for the pin or not and whether the pin is an input or output.
The register is reset to zero following a read, and at reset.
1 = At least one change has been detected on the corresponding pin since the register was last read.
0 = No change has been detected on the corresponding pin since the register was last read.
88
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
WD: Watchdog Timer
The AT91X40 Series has an internal watchdog timer which can be used to prevent system lock-up if the software becomes trapped in a deadlock. In normal operation the user
reloads the watchdog at regular intervals before the timer overflow occurs. If an overflow
does occur, the watchdog timer generates one or a combination of the following signals,
depending on the parameters in WD_OMR (Overflow Mode Register):
•
If RSTEN is set, an internal reset is generated (WD_RESET as shown in Figure 35).
•
If IRQEN is set, a pulse is generated on the signal WDIRQ which is connected to the
Advanced Interrupt Controller
•
If EXTEN is set, a low level is driven on the NWDOVF signal for a duration of 8 MCK
cycles.
The watchdog timer has a 16-bit down counter. Bits 12-15 of the value loaded when the
watchdog is restarted are programmable using the HPVC parameter in WD_CMR
(Clock Mode). Four clock sources are available to the watchdog counter: MCK/8,
MCK/32, MCK/128 or MCK/1024. The selection is made using the WDCLKS parameter
in WD_CMR. This provides a programmable time-out period of 1 ms to 2 sec. with a 33
MHz system clock.
All write accesses are protected by control access keys to help prevent corruption of the
watchdog should an error condition occur. To update the contents of the mode and control registers it is necessary to write the correct bit pattern to the control access key bits
at the same time as the control bits are written (the same write access).
Figure 35. Watchdog Timer Block Diagram
Advanced
Peripheral
Bus (APB)
WD_RESET
Control Logic
WDIRQ
NWDOVF
Overflow
MCKI/8
Clear
MCKI/32
Clock Select
MCKI/128
CLK_CNT
16-bit
Programmable
Down Counter
MCKI/1024
89
1354D–ATARM–05/02
WD User Interface
WD Base Address: 0xFFFF8000 (Code Label WD_BASE)
Table 12. WD Memory Map
Offset
Register
Name
Access
Reset State
0x00
Overflow Mode Register
WD_OMR
Read/Write
0
0x04
Clock Mode Register
WD_CMR
Read/Write
0
0x08
Control Register
WD_CR
Write Only
–
0x0C
Status Register
WD_SR
Read Only
0
WD Overflow Mode Register
Name:
WD_OMR
Access:
Read/Write
Reset Value: 0
Offset:
0x00
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
OKEY
7
6
5
4
OKEY
3
2
1
0
EXTEN
IRQEN
RSTEN
WDEN
• WDEN: Watch Dog Enable (Code Label WD_WDEN)
0 = Watch Dog is disabled and does not generate any signals.
1 = Watch Dog is enabled and generates enabled signals.
• RSTEN: Reset Enable (Code Label WD_RSTEN)
0 = Generation of an internal reset by the Watch Dog is disabled.
1 = When overflow occurs, the Watch Dog generates an internal reset.
• IRQEN: Interrupt Enable (Code Label WD_IRQEN)
0 = Generation of an interrupt by the Watch Dog is disabled.
1 = When overflow occurs, the Watch Dog generates an interrupt.
• EXTEN: External Signal Enable (Code Label WD_EXTEN)
0 = Generation of a pulse on the pin NWDOVF by the Watch Dog is disabled.
1 = When an overflow occurs, a pulse on the pin NWDOVF is generated.
• OKEY: Overflow Access Key (Code Label WD_OKEY)
Used only when writing WD_OMR. OKEY is read as 0.
0x234 = Write access in WD_OMR is allowed.
Other value = Write access in WD_OMR is prohibited.
90
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
WD Clock Mode Register
Name:
WD_CMR
Access:
Read/Write
Reset Value: 0
Offset:
0x04
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
CKEY
7
6
CKEY
–
5
4
HPCV
0
WDCLKS
• WDCLKS: Clock Selection
Code Label
WDCLKS
Clock Selected
WD_WDCLKS
0
0
MCK/8
WD_WDCLKS_MCK8
0
1
MCK/32
WD_WDCLKS_MCK32
1
0
MCK/128
WD_WDCLKS_MCK128
1
1
MCK/1024
WD_WDCLKS_MCK1024
• HPCV: High Preload Counter Value (Code Label WD_HPCV)
Counter is preloaded when watchdog counter is restarted with bits 0 to 11 set (FFF) and bits 12 to 15 equaling HPCV.
• CKEY: Clock Access Key (Code Label WD_CKEY)
Used only when writing WD_CMR. CKEY is read as 0.
0x06E: Write access in WD_CMR is allowed.
Other value: Write access in WD_CMR is prohibited.
91
1354D–ATARM–05/02
WD Control Register
Name:
WD_CR
Access:
Write Only
Offset:
0x08
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
RSTKEY
7
6
5
4
RSTKEY
• RSTKEY: Restart Key (Code Label WD_RSTKEY)
0xC071 = Watch Dog counter is restarted.
Other value = No effect.
WD Status Register
Name:
WD_SR
Access:
Read Only
Reset Value: 0
Offset:
0x0C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
WDOVF
• WDOVF: Watchdog Overflow (Code Label WD_WDOVF)
0 = No watchdog overflow.
1 = A watchdog overflow has occurred since the last restart of the watchdog counter or since internal or external reset.
92
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
WD Enabling Sequence
To enable the Watchdog Timer the sequence is as follows:
1. Disable the Watchdog by clearing the bit WDEN:
Write 0x2340 to WD_OMR
This step is unnecessary if the WD is already disabled (reset state).
2. Initialize the WD Clock Mode Register:
Write 0x373C to WD_CMR
(HPCV = 15 and WDCLKS = MCK/8)
3. Restart the timer:
Write 0xC071 to WD_CR
4. Enable the watchdog:
Write 0x2345 to WD_OMR (interrupt enabled)
93
1354D–ATARM–05/02
SF: Special Function
Registers
The AT91X40 Series provides registers which implement the following special functions.
• Chip identification
•
RESET status
•
Protect Mode (see “Protect Mode” on page 60)
Chip Identification
Table 13 provides the Chip ID values for the products described in this datasheet.
Table 13. Chip ID Values
Product
Chip
AT91M40800
0x14080044
AT91R40807
0x44080746
AT91M40807
0x14080745
AT91R40008
0x44000840
SF User Interface
Chip ID Base Address = 0xFFF00000 (Code Label SF_BASE)
Table 14. SF Memory Map
Offset
94
Register
Name
Access
Reset State
0x00
Chip ID Register
SF_CIDR
Read Only
Hardwired
0x04
Chip ID Extension Register
SF_EXID
Read Only
Hardwired
0x08
Reset Status Register
SF_RSR
Read Only
See register
description
0x0C
Memory Mode Register
SF_MMR
Read/Write
0x0
0x10
Reserved
–
–
–
0x14
Reserved
–
–
–
0x18
Protect Mode Register
SF_PMR
Read/Write
0x0
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Chip ID Register
Register Name: SF_CIDR
Access Type:
Read Only
Reset Value:
Hardwired
Offset:
0x00
31
30
29
EXT
28
27
26
NVPTYP
23
22
21
20
19
18
ARCH
15
14
25
24
17
16
9
8
1
0
ARCH
VDSIZ
13
12
11
10
NVDSIZ
NVPSIZ
7
6
5
0
1
0
4
3
2
VERSION
• VERSION: Version of the chip (Code Label SF_VERSION)
This value is incremented by one with each new version of the chip (from zero to a maximum value of 31).
• NVPSIZ: Non Volatile Program Memory Size
Code Label
NVPSIZ
Size
SF_NVPSIZ
0
0
0
0
None
SF_NVPSIZ_NONE
0
0
1
1
32K bytes
SF_NVPSIZ_32K
0
1
0
1
64K bytes
SF_NVPSIZ_64K
0
1
1
1
128K bytes
SF_NVPSIZ_128K
1
0
0
1
256K bytes
SF_NVPSIZ_256K
Others
Reserved
–
• NVDSIZ: Non Volatile Data Memory Size
Code Label
NVDSIZ
0
0
0
Others
0
Size
SF_NVDSIZ
None
SF_NVDSIZ_NONE
Reserved
–
95
1354D–ATARM–05/02
• VDSIZ: Volatile Data Memory Size
Code Label
VDSIZ
Size
SF_VDSIZ
SF_VDSIZ_NONE
0
0
0
0
None
0
0
0
1
1K bytes
SF_VDSIZ_1K
0
0
1
0
2K bytes
SF_VDSIZ_2K
0
1
0
0
4K bytes
SF_VDSIZ_4K
1
0
0
0
8K bytes
SF_VDSIZ_8K
Reserved
–
Others
• ARCH: Chip Architecture (Code Label SF_ARCH)
Code of Architecture: Two BCD digits.
Code Label
0100 0000
AT91x40yyy
SF_ARCH_AT91x40
• NVPTYP: Non Volatile Program Memory Type
Code Label
NVPTYP
Type
SF_NVPTYP
0
0
0
Reserved
–
0
0
1
“F” Series
SF_NVPTYP_M
1
x
x
Reserved
–
1
0
0
“R” Series
SF_NVPTYP_R
• EXT: Extension Flag (Code Label SF_EXT)
0 = Chip ID has a single register definition without extensions
1 = An extended Chip ID exists (to be defined in the future).
Chip ID Extension Register
Register Name: SF_EXID
Access Type:
Read Only
Reset Value:
Hardwired
Offset:
0x04
This register is reserved for future use. It will be defined when needed.
96
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Reset Status Register
Register Name: SF_RSR
Access Type:
Read Only
Reset Value:
See Below
Offset:
0x08
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
RESET
• RESET: Reset Status Information
This field indicates whether the reset was demanded by the external system (via NRST) or by the Watchdog internal reset
request.
Code Label
Reset
Cause of Reset
0x6C
External Pin
SF_EXT_RESET
0x53
Internal Watchdog
SF_WD_RESET
SF_RESET
97
1354D–ATARM–05/02
SF Memory Mode Register
This register only applies to the AT91R40807.
Register Name: SF_MMR
Access Type:
Read/Write
Reset Value:
0
Offset:
0x0C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
RAMWU
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
• RAMWU: Internal Extended RAM Write Detection (Code Label SF_RAMWU)
0 = Writing in RAM generates an Abort.
1 = Writing in RAM is allowed.
SF Protect Mode Register
Register Name: SF_PMR
Access Type:
Read/Write
Reset Value:
0
Offset:
0x18
31
30
29
28
PMRKEY
23
22
21
20
PMRKEY
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
AIC
–
–
–
–
–
• PMRKEY: Protect Mode Register Key (Code Label SF_PMRKEY)
Used only when writing SF_PMR. PMRKEY is reads 0.
0x27A8: Write access in SF_PMR is allowed.
Other value: Write access in SF_PMR is prohibited.
• AIC: AIC Protect Mode Enable (Code Label SF_AIC)
0 = The Advanced Interrupt Controller runs in Normal Mode.
1 = The Advanced Interrupt Controller runs in Protect Mode.
See “Protect Mode” on page 60.
98
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
USART: Universal
Synchronous/
Asynchronous
Receiver/
Transmitter
The AT91X40 Series provides two identical, full-duplex, universal synchronous/asynchronous receiver/transmitters that interface to the APB and are connected to the
Peripheral Data Controller.
The main features are:
•
Programmable Baud Rate Generator
•
Parity, Framing and Overrun Error Detection
•
Line Break Generation and Detection
•
Automatic Echo, Local Loopback and Remote Loopback channel modes
•
Multi-drop Mode: Address Detection and Generation
•
Interrupt Generation
•
Two Dedicated Peripheral Data Controller channels
•
5-, 6-, 7-, 8- and 9-bit character length
Figure 36. USART Block Diagram
ASB
Peripheral Data Controller
AMBA
Receiver
Channel
Transmitter
Channel
USART Channel
APB
PIO:
Parallel
I/O
Controller
Control Logic
USxIRQ
Receiver
RXD
Transmitter
TXD
Interrupt Control
MCK
Baud Rate Generator
MCK/8
Baud Rate Clock
SCK
Pin Description
Each USART channel has the following external signals:
Name
Description
SCK
USART Serial clock can be configured as input or output:
SCK is configured as input if an External clock is selected (USCLKS[1] = 1)
SCK is driven as output if the External Clock is disabled (USCLKS[1] = 0) and Clock output is enabled (CLKO = 1)
TXD
Transmit Serial Data is an output
RXD
Receive Serial Data is an input
Notes:
1. After a hardware reset, the USART pins are not enabled by default (see “PIO: Parallel I/O Controller” on page 74). The user
must configure the PIO Controller before enabling the transmitter or receiver.
2. If the user selects one of the internal clocks, SCK can be configured as a PIO.
99
1354D–ATARM–05/02
Baud Rate Generator
The Baud Rate Generator provides the bit period clock (the Baud Rate clock) to both the
Receiver and the Transmitter.
The Baud Rate Generator can select between external and internal clock sources. The
external clock source is SCK. The internal clock sources can be either the master clock
(MCK) or the master clock divided by 8 (MCK/8).
Note:
In all cases, if an external clock is used, the duration of each of its levels must be longer
than the system clock (MCK) period. The external clock frequency must be at least 2.5
times lower than the system clock.
When the USART is programmed to operate in Asynchronous Mode (SYNC = 0 in the
Mode Register US_MR), the selected clock is divided by 16 times the value (CD) written
in US_BRGR (Baud Rate Generator Register). If US_BRGR is set to 0, the Baud Rate
Clock is disabled.
Baud Rate
Selected Clock
16 x CD
=
When the USART is programmed to operate in Synchronous Mode (SYNC = 1) and the
selected clock is internal (USCLKS[1] = 0 in the Mode Register US_MR), the Baud Rate
Clock is the internal selected clock divided by the value written in US_BRGR. If
US_BRGR is set to 0, the Baud Rate Clock is disabled.
Baud Rate
Selected Clock
CD
=
In Synchronous Mode with external clock selected (USCLKS[1] = 1), the clock is provided directly by the signal on the SCK pin. No division is active. The value written in
US_BRGR has no effect.
Figure 37. Baud Rate Generator
USCLKS [0]
USCLKS [1]
MCK
MCK/8
SCK
CD
0
1
CD
0
CLK
16-bit Counter
OUT
SYNC
>1
1
1
0
0
0
Divide
by 16
0
Baud Rate
Clock
1
SYNC
1
USCLKS [1]
100
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Receiver
Asynchronous Receiver
The USART is configured for asynchronous operation when SYNC = 0 (bit 7 of
US_MR). In Asynchronous Mode, the USART detects the start of a received character
by sampling the RXD signal until it detects a valid start bit. A low level (space) on RXD is
interpreted as a valid start bit if it is detected for more than 7 cycles of the sampling
clock, which is 16 times the baud rate. Hence a space which is longer than 7/16 of the
bit period is detected as a valid start bit. A space which is 7/16 of a bit period or shorter
is ignored and the receiver continues to wait for a valid start bit.
When a valid start bit has been detected, the receiver samples the RXD at the theoretical mid-point of each bit. It is assumed that each bit lasts 16 cycles of the sampling clock
(one bit period) so the sampling point is 8 cycles (0.5 bit periods) after the start of the bit.
The first sampling point is therefore 24 cycles (1.5 bit periods) after the falling edge of
the start bit was detected. Each subsequent bit is sampled 16 cycles (1 bit period) after
the previous one.
Figure 38. Asynchronous Mode: Start Bit Detection
16 x Baud
Rate Clock
RXD
Sampling
D0
True Start
Detection
Figure 39. Asynchronous Mode: Character Reception
Example: 8-bit, parity enabled 1 stop
0.5 bit
periods
1 bit
period
RXD
Sampling
D0
D1
True Start Detection
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
Stop Bit
D7
Parity Bit
101
1354D–ATARM–05/02
Synchronous Receiver
When configured for synchronous operation (SYNC = 1), the receiver samples the RXD
signal on each rising edge of the Baud Rate clock. If a low level is detected, it is considered as a start. Data bits, parity bit and stop bit are sampled and the receiver waits for
the next start bit. See example in Figure 40.
Figure 40. Synchronous Mode: Character Reception
Example: 8-bit, parity enabled 1 stop
SCK
RXD
Sampling
D0
D1
True Start Detection
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
Stop Bit
D7
Parity Bit
Receiver Ready
When a complete character is received, it is transferred to the US_RHR and the RXRDY
status bit in US_CSR is set. If US_RHR has not been read since the last transfer, the
OVRE status bit in US_CSR is set.
Parity Error
Each time a character is received, the receiver calculates the parity of the received data
bits, in accordance with the field PAR in US_MR. It then compares the result with the
received parity bit. If different, the parity error bit PARE in US_CSR is set.
Framing Error
If a character is received with a stop bit at low level and with at least one data bit at high
level, a framing error is generated. This sets FRAME in US_CSR.
Time-out
This function allows an idle condition on the RXD line to be detected. The maximum
delay for which the USART should wait for a new character to arrive while the RXD line
is inactive (high level) is programmed in US_RTOR (Receiver Time-out). When this register is set to 0, no time-out is detected. Otherwise, the receiver waits for a first character
and then initializes a counter which is decremented at each bit period and reloaded at
each byte reception. When the counter reaches 0, the TIMEOUT bit in US_CSR is set.
The user can restart the wait for a first character with the STTTO (Start Time-out) bit in
US_CR.
Calculation of time-out duration:
Duration
102
= Value x
4
x
Bit period
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Transmitter
The transmitter has the same behavior in both synchronous and asynchronous operating modes. Start bit, data bits, parity bit and stop bits are serially shifted, lowest
significant bit first, on the falling edge of the serial clock. See example in Figure 41.
The number of data bits is selected in the CHRL field in US_MR.
The parity bit is set according to the PAR field in US_MR.
The number of stop bits is selected in the NBSTOP field in US_MR.
When a character is written to US_THR (Transmit Holding), it is transferred to the Shift
Register as soon as it is empty. When the transfer occurs, the TXRDY bit in US_CSR is
set until a new character is written to US_THR. If Transmit Shift Register and US_THR
are both empty, the TXEMPTY bit in US_CSR is set.
Time-guard
The Time-guard function allows the transmitter to insert an idle state on the TXD line
between two characters. The duration of the idle state is programmed in US_TTGR
(Transmitter Time-guard). When this register is set to zero, no time-guard is generated.
Otherwise, the transmitter holds a high level on TXD after each transmitted byte during
the number of bit periods programmed in US_TTGR
Idle state duration
between two characters
Multi-drop Mode
=
Time-guard
Value
x
Bit
Period
When the field PAR in US_MR equals 11X (binary value), the USART is configured to
run in Multi-drop Mode. In this case, the parity error bit PARE in US_CSR is set when
data is detected with a parity bit set to identify an address byte. PARE is cleared with the
Reset Status Bits Command (RSTSTA) in US_CR. If the parity bit is detected low, identifying a data byte, PARE is not set.
The transmitter sends an address byte (parity bit set) when a Send Address Command
(SENDA) is written to US_CR. In this case, the next byte written to US_THR will be
transmitted as an address. After this any byte transmitted will have the parity bit cleared.
Figure 41. Synchronous and Asynchronous Modes: Character Transmission
Example: 8-bit, parity enabled 1 stop
Baud Rate
Clock
TXD
Start
Bit
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
Parity
Bit
Stop
Bit
103
1354D–ATARM–05/02
Break
A break condition is a low signal level which has a duration of at least one character
(including start/stop bits and parity).
Transmit Break
The transmitter generates a break condition on the TXD line when STTBRK is set in
US_CR (Control Register). In this case, the character present in the Transmit Shift Register is completed before the line is held low.
To cancel a break condition on the TXD line, the STPBRK command in US_CR must be
set. The USART completes a minimum break duration of one character length. The TXD
line then returns to high level (idle state) for at least 12 bit periods to ensure that the end
of break is correctly detected. Then the transmitter resumes normal operation.
The BREAK is managed like a character:
•
The STTBRK and the STPBRK commands are performed only if the transmitter is
ready (bit TXRDY = 1 in US_CSR)
•
The STTBRK command blocks the transmitter holding register (bit TXRDY is
cleared in US_CSR) until the break has started
•
A break is started when the Shift Register is empty (any previous character is fully
transmitted). TXEMPTY is cleared in US_CSR. The break blocks the transmitter
shift register until it is completed (high level for at least 12-bit periods after the
STPBRK command is requested)
In order to avoid unpredictable states:
•
STTBRK and STPBRK commands must not be requested at the same time
•
Once an STTBRK command is requested, further STTBRK commands are ignored
until the BREAK is ended (high level for at least 12-bit periods)
•
All STPBRK commands requested without a previous STTBRK command are
ignored
•
A byte written into the Transmit Holding Register while a break is pending but not
started (US_CSR.TXRDY = 0) is ignored
•
It is not permitted to write new data in the Transmit Holding Register while a break is
in progress (STPBRK has not been requested), even though TXRDY = 1 in
US_CSR.
•
A new STTBRK command must not be issued until an existing break has ended
(TXEMPTY = 1 in US_CSR)
The standard break transmission sequence is:
1. Wait for the transmitter ready
(US_CSR.TXRDY = 1)
2. Send the STTBRK command
(write 0x0200 to US_CR)
3. Wait for the transmitter ready
(TXRDY = 1 in US_CSR)
4. Send the STPBRK command
(write 0x0400 to US_CR)
The next byte can then be sent:
5. Wait for the transmitter ready
(TXRDY = 1 in US_CSR)
6. Send the next byte
(write byte to US_THR)
104
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Each of these steps can be scheduled by using the interrupt if the bit TXRDY in US_IMR
is set. For character transmission, the USART channel must be enabled before sending
a break.
Receive Break
The receiver detects a break condition when all data, parity and stop bits are low. When
the low stop bit is detected, the receiver asserts the RXBRK bit in US_CSR. An end of
receive break is detected by a high level for at least 2/16 of a bit period in Asynchronous
Mode or at least one sample in Synchronous Mode. RXBRK is also asserted when an
end of break is detected.
Both the beginning and the end of a break can be detected by interrupt if the bit
US_IMR.RXBRK is set.
Peripheral Data
Controller
Each USART channel is closely connected to a corresponding Peripheral Data Controller channel. One is dedicated to the receiver. The other is dedicated to the transmitter.
Note:
The PDC is disabled if 9-bit character length is selected (MODE9 = 1) in US_MR.
The PDC channel is programmed using US_TPR (Transmit Pointer) and US_TCR
(Transmit Counter) for the transmitter and US_RPR (Receive Pointer) and US_RCR
(Receive Counter) for the receiver. The status of the PDC is given in US_CSR by the
ENDTX bit for the transmitter and by the ENDRX bit for the receiver.
The pointer registers (US_TPR and US_RPR) are used to store the address of the
transmit or receive buffers. The counter registers (US_TCR and US_RCR) are used to
store the size of these buffers.
The receiver data transfer is triggered by the RXRDY bit and the transmitter data transfer is triggered by TXRDY. When a transfer is performed, the counter is decremented
and the pointer is incremented. When the counter reaches 0, the status bit is set
(ENDRX for the receiver, ENDTX for the transmitter in US_CSR) which can be programmed to generate an interrupt. Transfers are then disabled until a new non-zero
counter value is programmed.
Interrupt Generation
Each status bit in US_CSR has a corresponding bit in US_IER (Interrupt Enable) and
US_IDR (Interrupt Disable) which controls the generation of interrupts by asserting the
USART interrupt line connected to the Advanced Interrupt Controller. US_IMR (Interrupt
Mask Register) indicates the status of the corresponding bits.
When a bit is set in US_CSR and the same bit is set in US_IMR, the interrupt line is
asserted.
Channel Modes
The USART can be programmed to operate in three different test modes, using the field
CHMODE in US_MR.
Automatic Echo Mode allows bit by bit re-transmission. When a bit is received on the
RXD line, it is sent to the TXD line. Programming the transmitter has no effect.
Local Loopback Mode allows the transmitted characters to be received. TXD and RXD
pins are not used and the output of the transmitter is internally connected to the input of
the receiver. The RXD pin level has no effect and the TXD pin is held high, as in idle
state.
Remote Loopback Mode directly connects the RXD pin to the TXD pin. The Transmitter
and the Receiver are disabled and have no effect. This mode allows bit by bit retransmission.
105
1354D–ATARM–05/02
Figure 42. Channel Modes
Automatic Echo
RXD
Receiver
Transmitter
Disabled
TXD
Local Loopback
Disabled
Receiver
RXD
VDD
Disabled
Transmitter
Remote Loopback
Receiver
Transmitter
106
TXD
VDD
Disabled
Disabled
RXD
TXD
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
USART User Interface
Base Address USART0: 0xFFFD0000 (Code Label USART0_BASE)
Base Address USART1: 0xFFFCC000 (Code Label USART1_BASE)
Table 15. USART Memory Map
Offset
Register
Name
Access
Reset State
0x00
Control Register
US_CR
Write Only
–
0x04
Mode Register
US_MR
Read/Write
0
0x08
Interrupt Enable Register
US_IER
Write Only
–
0x0C
Interrupt Disable Register
US_IDR
Write Only
–
0x10
Interrupt Mask Register
US_IMR
Read Only
0
0x14
Channel Status Register
US_CSR
Read Only
0x18
0x18
Receiver Holding Register
US_RHR
Read Only
0
0x1C
Transmitter Holding Register
US_THR
Write Only
–
0x20
Baud Rate Generator Register
US_BRGR
Read/Write
0
0x24
Receiver Time-out Register
US_RTOR
Read/Write
0
0x28
Transmitter Time-guard Register
US_TTGR
Read/Write
0
0x2C
Reserved
–
–
–
0x30
Receive Pointer Register
US_RPR
Read/Write
0
0x34
Receive Counter Register
US_RCR
Read/Write
0
0x38
Transmit Pointer Register
US_TPR
Read/Write
0
0x3C
Transmit Counter Register
US_TCR
Read/Write
0
107
1354D–ATARM–05/02
USART Control Register
Name:
US_CR
Access Type:Write Only
Offset:
0x00
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
SENDA
STTTO
STPBRK
STTBRK
RSTSTA
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TXDIS
TXEN
RXDIS
RXEN
RSTTX
RSTRX
–
–
• RSTRX: Reset Receiver (Code Label US_RSTRX)
0 = No effect.
1 = The receiver logic is reset.
• RSTTX: Reset Transmitter (Code Label US_RSTTX)
0 = No effect.
1 = The transmitter logic is reset.
• RXEN: Receiver Enable (Code Label US_RXEN)
0 = No effect.
1 = The receiver is enabled if RXDIS is 0.
• RXDIS: Receiver Disable (Code Label US_RXDIS)
0 = No effect.
1 = The receiver is disabled.
• TXEN: Transmitter Enable (Code Label US_TXEN)
0 = No effect.
1 = The transmitter is enabled if TXDIS is 0.
• TXDIS: Transmitter Disable (Code Label US_TXDIS)
0 = No effect.
1 = The transmitter is disabled.
• RSTSTA: Reset Status Bits (Code Label US_RSTSTA)
0 = No effect.
1 = Resets the status bits PARE, FRAME, OVRE and RXBRK in the US_CSR.
• STTBRK: Start Break (Code Label US_STTBRK)
0 = No effect.
1 = If break is not being transmitted, start transmission of a break after the characters present in US_THR and the Transmit
Shift Register have been transmitted.
• STPBRK: Stop Break (Code Label US_STPBRK)
0 = No effect.
1 = If a break is being transmitted, stop transmission of the break after a minimum of one character length and transmit a
high level during 12 bit periods.
108
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
• STTTO: Start Time-out (Code Label US_STTTO)
0 = No effect.
1 = Start waiting for a character before clocking the time-out counter.
• SENDA: Send Address (Code Label US_SENDA)
0 = No effect.
1 = In Multi-drop Mode only, the next character written to the US_THR is sent with the address bit set.
109
1354D–ATARM–05/02
USART Mode Register
Name:
US_MR
Access Type:Read/Write
Reset Value: 0
Offset:
0x04
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
CLKO
MODE9
–
14
13
12
11
10
9
15
CHMODE
7
NBSTOP
6
5
CHRL
•
8
PAR
4
USCLKS
SYNC
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
USCLKS: Clock Selection (Baud Rate Generator Input Clock)
Code Label
USCLKS
•
Selected Clock
US_CLKS
0
0
MCK
US_CLKS_MCK
0
1
MCK/8
US_CLKS_MCK8
1
X
External (SCK)
US_CLKS_SCK
CHRL: Character Length
Code Label
CHRL
Character Length
US_CHRL
0
0
Five bits
US_CHRL_5
0
1
Six bits
US_CHRL_6
1
0
Seven bits
US_CHRL_7
1
1
Eight bits
US_CHRL_8
Start, stop and parity bits are added to the character length.
• SYNC: Synchronous Mode Select (Code Label US_SYNC)
0 = USART operates in Asynchronous Mode.
1 = USART operates in Synchronous Mode.
110
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
•
PAR: Parity Type
Code Label
PAR
Parity Type
US_PAR
0
0
0
Even Parity
US_PAR_EVEN
0
0
1
Odd Parity
US_PAR_ODD
0
1
0
Parity forced to 0 (Space)
US_PAR_SPACE
0
1
1
Parity forced to 1 (Mark)
US_PAR_MARK
1
0
x
No parity
1
1
x
Multi-drop mode
US_PAR_NO
US_PAR_MULTIDROP
• NBSTOP: Number of Stop Bits
The interpretation of the number of stop bits depends on SYNC.
Code Label
NBSTOP
•
Asynchronous (SYNC = 0)
Synchronous (SYNC = 1)
US_NBSTOP
0
0
1 stop bit
1 stop bit
US_NBSTOP_1
0
1
1.5 stop bits
Reserved
US_NBSTOP_1_5
1
0
2 stop bits
2 stop bits
US_NBSTOP_2
1
1
Reserved
Reserved
–
CHMODE: Channel Mode
Code Label
CHMODE
Mode Description
US_CHMODE
0
0
Normal Mode
The USART Channel operates as an Rx/Tx USART.
0
1
Automatic Echo
Receiver Data Input is connected to TXD pin.
US_CHMODE_AUTOMATIC_ECHO
1
0
Local Loopback
Transmitter Output Signal is connected to Receiver Input Signal.
US_CHMODE_LOCAL_LOOPBACK
1
1
Remote Loopback
RXD pin is internally connected to TXD pin.
US_CHMODE_NORMAL
US_CHMODE_REMODE_LOOPBACK
• MODE9: 9-bit Character Length (Code Label US_MODE9)
0 = CHRL defines character length.
1 = 9-bit character length.
• CKLO: Clock Output Select (Code Label US_CLKO)
0 = The USART does not drive the SCK pin.
1 = The USART drives the SCK pin if USCLKS[1] is 0.
111
1354D–ATARM–05/02
USART Interrupt Enable Register
Name:
US_IER
Access Type:Write Only
Offset:
0x08
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
TXEMPTY
TIMEOUT
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PARE
FRAME
OVRE
ENDTX
ENDRX
RXBRK
TXRDY
RXRDY
• RXRDY: Enable RXRDY Interrupt (Code Label US_RXRDY)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables RXRDY Interrupt.
• TXRDY: Enable TXRDY Interrupt (Code Label US_TXRDY)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables TXRDY Interrupt.
• RXBRK: Enable Receiver Break Interrupt (Code Label US_RXBRK)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables Receiver Break Interrupt.
• ENDRX: Enable End of Receive Transfer Interrupt (Code Label US_ENDRX)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables End of Receive Transfer Interrupt.
• ENDTX: Enable End of Transmit Interrupt (Code Label US_ENDTX)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables End of Transmit Interrupt.
• OVRE: Enable Overrun Error Interrupt (Code Label US_OVRE)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables Overrun Error Interrupt.
• FRAME: Enable Framing Error Interrupt (Code Label US_FRAME)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables Framing Error Interrupt.
• PARE: Enable Parity Error Interrupt (Code Label US_PARE)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables Parity Error Interrupt.
• TIMEOUT: Enable Time-out Interrupt (Code Label US_TIMEOUT)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables Reception Time-out Interrupt.
• TXEMPTY: Enable TXEMPTY Interrupt (Code Label US_TXEMPTY)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables TXEMPTY Interrupt.
112
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
USART Interrupt Disable Register
Name:
US_IDR
Access Type:Write Only
Offset:
0x0C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
TXEMPTY
TIMEOUT
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PARE
FRAME
OVRE
ENDTX
ENDRX
RXBRK
TXRDY
RXRDY
• RXRDY: Disable RXRDY Interrupt (Code Label US_RXRDY)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables RXRDY Interrupt.
• TXRDY: Disable TXRDY Interrupt (Code Label US_TXRDY)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables TXRDY Interrupt.
• RXBRK: Disable Receiver Break Interrupt (Code Label US_RXBRK)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables Receiver Break Interrupt.
• ENDRX: Disable End of Receive Transfer Interrupt (Code Label US_ENDRX)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables End of Receive Transfer Interrupt.
• ENDTX: Disable End of Transmit Interrupt (Code Label US_ENDTX)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables End of Transmit Interrupt.
• OVRE: Disable Overrun Error Interrupt (Code Label US_OVRE)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables Overrun Error Interrupt.
• FRAME: Disable Framing Error Interrupt (Code Label US_FRAME)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables Framing Error Interrupt.
• PARE: Disable Parity Error Interrupt (Code Label US_PARE)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables Parity Error Interrupt.
• TIMEOUT: Disable Time-out Interrupt (Code Label US_TIMEOUT)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables Receiver Time-out Interrupt.
• TXEMPTY: Disable TXEMPTY Interrupt (Code Label US_TXEMPTY)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables TXEMPTY Interrupt.
113
1354D–ATARM–05/02
USART Interrupt Mask Register
Name:
US_IMR
Access Type:Read Only
Reset Value: 0
Offset:
0x10
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
TXEMPTY
TIMEOUT
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PARE
FRAME
OVRE
ENDTX
ENDRX
RXBRK
TXRDY
RXRDY
• RXRDY: Mask RXRDY Interrupt (Code Label US_RXRDY)
0 = RXRDY Interrupt is Disabled
1 = RXRDY Interrupt is Enabled
• TXRDY: Mask TXRDY Interrupt (Code Label US_TXRDY)
0 = TXRDY Interrupt is Disabled
1 = TXRDY Interrupt is Enabled
• RXBRK: Mask Receiver Break Interrupt (Code Label US_RXBRK)
0 = Receiver Break Interrupt is Disabled
1 = Receiver Break Interrupt is Enabled
• ENDRX: Mask End of Receive Transfer Interrupt (Code Label US_ENDRX)
0 = End of Receive Transfer Interrupt is Disabled
1 = End of Receive Transfer Interrupt is Enabled
• ENDTX: Mask End of Transmit Interrupt (Code Label US_ENDTX)
0 = End of Transmit Interrupt is Disabled
1 = End of Transmit Interrupt is Enabled
• OVRE: Mask Overrun Error Interrupt (Code Label US_OVRE)
0 = Overrun Error Interrupt is Disabled
1 = Overrun Error Interrupt is Enabled
• FRAME: Mask Framing Error Interrupt (Code Label US_FRAME)
0 = Framing Error Interrupt is Disabled
1 = Framing Error Interrupt is Enabled
• PARE: Mask Parity Error Interrupt (Code Label US_PARE)
0 = Parity Error Interrupt is Disabled
1 = Parity Error Interrupt is Enabled
• TIMEOUT: Mask Time-out Interrupt (Code Label US_TIMEOUT)
0 = Receive Time-out Interrupt is Disabled
1 = Receive Time-out Interrupt is Enabled
• TXEMPTY: Mask TXEMPTY Interrupt (Code Label US_TXEMPTY)
0 = TXEMPTY Interrupt is Disabled.
1 = TXEMPTY Interrupt is Enabled.
114
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
USART Channel Status Register
Name:
US_CSR
Access Type:Read Only
Reset Value: 0x18
Offset:
0x14
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
TXEMPTY
TIMEOUT
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
PARE
FRAME
OVRE
ENDTX
ENDRX
RXBRK
TXRDY
RXRDY
• RXRDY: Receiver Ready (Code Label US_RXRDY)
0 = No complete character has been received since the last read of the US_RHR or the receiver is disabled.
1 = At least one complete character has been received and the US_RHR has not yet been read.
• TXRDY: Transmitter Ready (Code Label US_TXRDY)
0 = US_THR contains a character waiting to be transferred to the Transmit Shift Register, or an STTBRK command has
been requested.
1 = US_THR is empty and there is no Break request pending TSR availability.
Equal to zero when the USART is disabled or at reset. Transmitter Enable command (in US_CR) sets this bit to one.
• RXBRK: Break Received/End of Break (Code Label US_RXBRK)
0 = No Break Received nor End of Break has been detected since the last “Reset Status Bits” command in the Control
Register.
1 = Break Received or End of Break has been detected since the last “Reset Status Bits” command in the Control Register.
• ENDRX: End of Receiver Transfer (Code Label US_ENDRX)
0 = The End of Transfer signal from the Peripheral Data Controller channel dedicated to the receiver is inactive.
1 = The End of Transfer signal from the Peripheral Data Controller channel dedicated to the receiver is active.
• ENDTX: End of Transmitter Transfer (Code Label US_ENDTX)
0 = The End of Transfer signal from the Peripheral Data Controller channel dedicated to the transmitter is inactive.
1 = The End of Transfer signal from the Peripheral Data Controller channel dedicated to the transmitter is active.
• OVRE: Overrun Error (Code Label US_OVRE)
0 = No byte has been transferred from the Receive Shift Register to the US_RHR when RxRDY was asserted since the last
“Reset Status Bits” command.
1 = At least one byte has been transferred from the Receive Shift Register to the US_RHR when RxRDY was asserted
since the last “Reset Status Bits” command.
• FRAME: Framing Error (Code Label US_FRAME)
0 = No stop bit has been detected low since the last “Reset Status Bits” command.
1 = At least one stop bit has been detected low since the last “Reset Status Bits” command.
115
1354D–ATARM–05/02
• PARE: Parity Error (Code Label US_PARE)
1 = At least one parity bit has been detected false (or a parity bit high in Multi-drop Mode) since the last “Reset Status Bits”
command.
0 = No parity bit has been detected false (or a parity bit high in Multi-drop Mode) since the last “Reset Status Bits”
command.
• TIMEOUT: Receiver Time-out (Code Label US_TIMEOUT)
0 = There has not been a time-out since the last “Start Time-out” command or the Time-out Register is 0.
1 = There has been a time-out since the last “Start Time-out” command.
• TXEMPTY: Transmitter Empty (Code Label US_TXEMPTY)
0 = There are characters in either US_THR or the Transmit Shift Register or a Break is being transmitted.
1 = There are no characters in US_THR and the Transmit Shift Register and Break is not active.
Equal to zero when the USART is disabled or at reset. Transmitter Enable command (in US_CR) sets this bit to one.
116
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
USART Receiver Holding Register
Name:
US_RHR
Access Type:Read Only
Reset Value: 0
Offset:
0x18
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
RXCHR
• RXCHR: Received Character
Last character received if RXRDY is set. When number of data bits is less than 8 bits, the bits are right-aligned.
All non-significant bits read zero.
USART Transmitter Holding Register
Name:
US_THR
Access Type:Write Only
Offset:
0x1C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TXCHR
• TXCHR: Character to be Transmitted
Next character to be transmitted after the current character if TXRDY is not set. When number of data bits is less than 8
bits, the bits are right-aligned.
117
1354D–ATARM–05/02
USART Baud Rate Generator Register
Name:
US_BRGR
Access Type:Read/Write
Reset Value: 0
Offset:
0x20
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
CD
7
6
5
4
CD
• CD: Clock Divisor
This register has no effect if Synchronous Mode is selected with an external clock.
CD
0
Disables Clock
1
Clock Divisor Bypass (1)
2 to 65535
Notes:
118
Effect
Baud Rate (Asynchronous Mode) = Selected Clock / (16 x CD)
Baud Rate (Synchronous Mode) = Selected Clock / CD (2)
1. Clock divisor bypass (CD = 1) must not be used when internal clock MCK is selected (USCLKS = 0).
2. In Synchronous Mode, the value programmed must be even to ensure a 50:50 mark:space ratio.
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
USART Receiver Time-out Register
Name:
US_RTOR
Access Type:Read/Write
Reset Value: 0
Offset:
0x24
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TO
• TO: Time-out Value
When a value is written to this register, a Start Time-out Command is automatically performed.
TO
0
Disables the RX Time-out function.
1 - 255
The Time-out counter is loaded with TO when the Start Time-out Command is given or when each new data character is
received (after reception has started).
Time-out duration = TO x 4 x Bit period
USART Transmitter Time-guard Register
Name:
US_TTGR
Access Type:Read/Write
Reset Value: 0
Offset:
0x28
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TG
• TG: Time-guard Value
TG
0
1 - 255
Disables the TX Time-guard function.
TXD is inactive high after the transmission of each character for the time-guard duration.
Time-guard duration = TG x Bit period
119
1354D–ATARM–05/02
USART Receive Pointer Register
Name:
US_RPR
Access Type:Read/Write
Reset Value: 0
Offset:
0x30
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
RXPTR
23
22
21
20
RXPTR
15
14
13
12
RXPTR
7
6
5
4
RXPTR
• RXPTR: Receive Pointer
RXPTR must be loaded with the address of the receive buffer.
USART Receive Counter Register
Name:
US_RCR
Access Type:Read/Write
Reset Value: 0
Offset:
0x34
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
4920
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
RXCTR
7
6
5
4
RXCTR
• RXCTR: Receive Counter
RXCTR must be loaded with the size of the receive buffer.
0: Stop Peripheral Data Transfer dedicated to the receiver.
1 - 65535: Start Peripheral Data transfer if RXRDY is active.
120
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
USART Transmit Pointer Register
Name:
US_TPR
Access Type:Read/Write
Reset Value: 0
Offset:
0x38
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
19
18
17
16
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
TXPTR
23
22
21
20
TXPTR
15
14
13
12
TXPTR
7
6
5
4
TXPTR
• TXPTR: Transmit Pointer
TXPTR must be loaded with the address of the transmit buffer.
USART Transmit Counter Register
Name:
US_TCR
Access Type:Read/Write
Reset Value: 0
Offset:
0x3C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
TXCTR
7
6
5
4
TXCTR
• TXCTR: Transmit Counter
TXCTR must be loaded with the size of the transmit buffer.
0: Stop Peripheral Data Transfer dedicated to the transmitter.
1 - 65535: Start Peripheral Data transfer if TXRDY is active.
121
1354D–ATARM–05/02
TC: Timer Counter
The AT91X40 Series features a Timer Counter block which includes three identical 16bit timer counter channels. Each channel can be independently programmed to perform
a wide range of functions including frequency measurement, event counting, interval
measurement, pulse generation, delay timing and pulse width modulation.
Each Timer Counter channel has 3 external clock inputs, 5 internal clock inputs, and 2
multi-purpose input/output signals which can be configured by the user. Each channel
drives an internal interrupt signal which can be programmed to generate processor
interrupts via the AIC (Advanced Interrupt Controller).
The Timer Counter block has two global registers which act upon all three TC channels.
The Block Control Register allows the three channels to be started simultaneously with
the same instruction. The Block Mode Register defines the external clock inputs for
each Timer Counter channel, allowing them to be chained.
Figure 43. TC Block Diagram
Parallel IO
Controller
MCK/2
TCLK0
MCK/8
TIOA1
TIOA2
XC0
MCK/32
TCLK1
XC1
Timer Counter
Channel 0
TIOA
TIOA0
TIOB0
TIOA0
TIOB
MCK/128
TCLK2
XC2
TC0XC0S
MCK/1024
TIOB0
SYNC
TCLK0
TCLK1
TCLK2
INT
TCLK0
TCLK1
XC0
TIOA0
XC1
Timer Counter
Channel 1
TIOA
TIOA1
TIOB1
TIOA1
TIOB
TIOA2
TCLK2
XC2
TC1XC1S
TCLK0
XC0
TCLK1
XC1
TIOB1
SYNC
Timer Counter
Channel 2
INT
TIOA
TIOA2
TIOB2
TIOA2
TIOB
TCLK2
XC2
TIOA0
TIOA1
TC2XC2S
TIOB2
SYNC
INT
Timer Counter Block
Advanced
Interrupt
Controller
122
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Signal Name Description
Channel Signal
Description
XC0, XC1, XC2
External Clock Inputs
TIOA
Capture Mode: General Purpose Input
Waveform Mode: General Purpose Output
TIOB
Capture Mode: General Purpose Input
Waveform Mode: General Purpose Input/Output
INT
Interrupt Signal Output
SYNC
Synchronization Input Signal
Block Signals
Description
TCLK0, TCLK1, TCLK2
Note:
External Clock Inputs
TIOA0
TIOA Signal for Channel 0
TIOB0
TIOB Signal for Channel 0
TIOA1
TIOA Signal for Channel 1
TIOB1
TIOB Signal for Channel 1
TIOA2
TIOA Signal for Channel 2
TIOB2
TIOB Signal for Channel 2
After a hardware reset, the Timer Counter block pins are controlled by the PIO Controller. They must be configured to be controlled by the peripheral before being used.
Timer Counter
Description
The three Timer Counter channels are independent and identical in operation. The registers for channel programming are listed in Table 17.
Counter
Each Timer Counter channel is organized around a 16-bit counter. The value of the
counter is incremented at each positive edge of the selected clock. When the counter
has reached the value 0xFFFF and passes to 0x0000, an overflow occurs and the bit
COVFS in TC_SR (Status Register) is set.
The current value of the counter is accessible in real-time by reading TC_CV. The
counter can be reset by a trigger. In this case, the counter value passes to 0x0000 on
the next valid edge of the selected clock.
Clock Selection
At block level, input clock signals of each channel can either be connected to the external inputs TCLK0, TCLK1 or TCLK2, or be connected to the configurable I/O signals
TIOA0, TIOA1 or TIOA2 for chaining by programming the TC_BMR (Block Mode).
Each channel can independently select an internal or external clock source for its
counter:
•
Internal clock signals: MCK/2, MCK/8, MCK/32,
MCK/128, MCK/1024
•
External clock signals: XC0, XC1 or XC2
123
1354D–ATARM–05/02
The selected clock can be inverted with the CLKI bit in TC_CMR (Channel Mode). This
allows counting on the opposite edges of the clock.
The burst function allows the clock to be validated when an external signal is high. The
BURST parameter in the Mode Register defines this signal (none, XC0, XC1, XC2).
Note:
In all cases, if an external clock is used, the duration of each of its levels must be longer
than the system clock (MCK) period. The external clock frequency must be at least 2.5
times lower than the system clock (MCK).
Figure 44. Clock Selection
CLKS
CLKI
MCK/2
MCK/8
MCK/32
MCK/128
Selected
Clock
MCK/1024
XC0
XC1
XC2
BURST
1
Clock Control
124
The clock of each counter can be controlled in two different ways: it can be enabled/disabled and started/stopped.
•
The clock can be enabled or disabled by the user with the CLKEN and the CLKDIS
commands in the Control Register. In Capture Mode it can be disabled by an RB
load event if LDBDIS is set to 1 in TC_CMR. In Waveform Mode, it can be disabled
by an RC Compare event if CPCDIS is set to 1 in TC_CMR. When disabled, the
start or the stop actions have no effect: only a CLKEN command in the Control
Register can re-enable the clock. When the clock is enabled, the CLKSTA bit is set
in the Status Register.
•
The clock can also be started or stopped: a trigger (software, synchro, external or
compare) always starts the clock. The clock can be stopped by an RB load event in
Capture Mode (LDBSTOP = 1 in TC_CMR) or a RC compare event in Waveform
Mode (CPCSTOP = 1 in TC_CMR). The start and the stop commands have effect
only if the clock is enabled.
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Figure 45. Clock Control
Selected
Clock
Trigger
CLKSTA
Q
Q
S
CLKEN
CLKDIS
S
R
R
Counter
Clock
Timer Counter Operating
Modes
Stop
Event
Disable
Event
Each Timer Counter channel can independently operate in two different modes:
•
Capture Mode allows measurement on signals
•
Waveform Mode allows wave generation
The Timer Counter Operating Mode is programmed with the WAVE bit in the TC Mode
Register. In Capture Mode, TIOA and TIOB are configured as inputs. In Waveform
Mode, TIOA is always configured to be an output and TIOB is an output if it is not
selected to be the external trigger.
Trigger
A trigger resets the counter and starts the counter clock. Three types of triggers are
common to both modes, and a fourth external trigger is available to each mode.
The following triggers are common to both modes:
•
Software Trigger: Each channel has a software trigger, available by setting SWTRG
in TC_CCR.
•
SYNC: Each channel has a synchronization signal SYNC. When asserted, this
signal has the same effect as a software trigger. The SYNC signals of all channels
are asserted simultaneously by writing TC_BCR (Block Control) with SYNC set.
•
Compare RC Trigger: RC is implemented in each channel and can provide a trigger
when the counter value matches the RC value if CPCTRG is set in TC_CMR.
The Timer Counter channel can also be configured to have an external trigger. In Capture Mode, the external trigger signal can be selected between TIOA and TIOB. In
Waveform Mode, an external event can be programmed on one of the following signals:
TIOB, XC0, XC1 or XC2. This external event can then be programmed to perform a trigger by setting ENETRG in TC_CMR.
If an external trigger is used, the duration of the pulses must be longer than the system
clock (MCK) period in order to be detected.
Whatever the trigger used, it will be taken into account at the following active edge of the
selected clock. This means that the counter value may not read zero just after a trigger,
especially when a low frequency signal is selected as the clock.
125
1354D–ATARM–05/02
Capture Operating Mode
This mode is entered by clearing the WAVE parameter in TC_CMR (Channel Mode
Register). Capture Mode allows the TC Channel to perform measurements such as
pulse timing, frequency, period, duty cycle and phase on TIOA and TIOB signals which
are inputs.
Figure 46 shows the configuration of the TC Channel when programmed in Capture
Mode.
Capture Registers A and B
(RA and RB)
Registers A and B are used as capture registers. This means that they can be loaded
with the counter value when a programmable event occurs on the signal TIOA.
The parameter LDRA in TC_CMR defines the TIOA edge for the loading of register A,
and the parameter LDRB defines the TIOA edge for the loading of Register B.
RA is loaded only if it has not been loaded since the last trigger or if RB has been loaded
since the last loading of RA.
RB is loaded only if RA has been loaded since the last trigger or the last loading of RB.
Loading RA or RB before the read of the last value loaded sets the Overrun Error Flag
(LOVRS) in TC_SR (Status Register). In this case, the old value is overwritten.
Trigger Conditions
In addition to the SYNC signal, the software trigger and the RC compare trigger, an
external trigger can be defined.
Bit ABETRG in TC_CMR selects input signal TIOA or TIOB as an external trigger.
Parameter ETRGEDG defines the edge (rising, falling or both) detected to generate an
external trigger. If ETRGEDG = 0 (none), the external trigger is disabled.
Status Register
The following bits in the status register are significant in Capture Operating Mode.
•
CPCS: RC Compare Status
There has been an RC Compare match at least once since the last read of the
status
•
COVFS: Counter Overflow Status
The counter has attempted to count past $FFFF since the last read of the status
•
LOVRS: Load Overrun Status
RA or RB has been loaded at least twice without any read of the corresponding register, since the last read of the status
•
LDRAS: Load RA Status
RA has been loaded at least once without any read, since the last read of the status
•
LDRBS: Load RB Status
RB has been loaded at least once without any read, since the last read of the status
•
ETRGS: External Trigger Status
An external trigger on TIOA or TIOB has been detected since the last read of the
status
Note:
126
All the status bits are set when the corresponding event occurs and they are automatically cleared when the Status Register is read.
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
Figure 46. Capture Mode
1354D–ATARM–05/02
TCCLKS
CLKSTA
CLKI
CLKEN
CLKDIS
MCK/2
MCK/8
MCK/32
Q
S
MCK/128
MCK/1024
Q
XC0
R
S
R
XC1
XC2
LDBSTOP
LDBDIS
BURST
Register C
Capture
Register A
1
SWTRG
Capture
Register B
Compare RC =
16-bit Counter
CLK
OVF
RESET
SYNC
Trig
ABETRG
CPCTRG
ETRGEDG
MTIOB
Edge
Detector
127
AT91X40 Series
INT
CPCS
Timer Counter Channel
LOVRS
LDRBS
If RA is loaded
COVFS
Edge
Detector
LDRAS
TIOA
Edge
Detector
TC_IMR
If RA is not loaded
or RB is loaded
LDRB
TC_SR
MTIOA
LDRA
ETRGS
TIOB
Waveform Operating
Mode
This mode is entered by setting the WAVE parameter in TC_CMR (Channel Mode
Register).
Waveform Operating Mode allows the TC Channel to generate 1 or 2 PWM signals with
the same frequency and independently programmable duty cycles, or to generate different types of one-shot or repetitive pulses.
In this mode, TIOA is configured as output and TIOB is defined as output if it is not used
as an external event (EEVT parameter in TC_CMR).
Figure 47 shows the configuration of the TC Channel when programmed in Waveform
Operating Mode.
Compare Register A, B and C
(RA, RB, and RC)
In Waveform Operating Mode, RA, RB and RC are all used as compare registers.
RA Compare is used to control the TIOA output. RB Compare is used to control the
TIOB (if configured as output). RC Compare can be programmed to control TIOA and/or
TIOB outputs.
RC Compare can also stop the counter clock (CPCSTOP = 1 in TC_CMR) and/or disable the counter clock (CPCDIS = 1 in TC_CMR).
As in Capture Mode, RC Compare can also generate a trigger if CPCTRG = 1. A trigger
resets the counter so RC can control the period of PWM waveforms.
External Event/Trigger Conditions
An external event can be programmed to be detected on one of the clock sources (XC0,
XC1, XC2) or TIOB. The external event selected can then be used as a trigger.
The parameter EEVT in TC_CMR selects the external trigger. The parameter EEVTEDG defines the trigger edge for each of the possible external triggers (rising, falling or
both). If EEVTEDG is cleared (none), no external event is defined.
If TIOB is defined as an external event signal (EEVT = 0), TIOB is no longer used as
output and the TC channel can only generate a waveform on TIOA.
When an external event is defined, it can be used as a trigger by setting bit ENETRG in
TC_CMR.
As in Capture Mode, the SYNC signal, the software trigger and the RC compare trigger
are also available as triggers.
128
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Output Controller
The output controller defines the output level changes on TIOA and TIOB following an
event. TIOB control is used only if TIOB is defined as output (not as an external event).
The following events control TIOA and TIOB: software trigger, external event and RC
compare. RA compare controls TIOA and RB compare controls TIOB. Each of these
events can be programmed to set, clear or toggle the output as defined in the corresponding parameter in TC_CMR.
The tables below show which parameter in TC_CMR is used to define the effect of each
event.
Parameter
TIOA Event
ASWTRG
Software Trigger
AEEVT
External Event
ACPC
RC Compare
ACPA
RA Compare
Parameter
TIOB Event
BSWTRG
Software Trigger
BEEVT
External Event
BCPC
RC Compare
BCPB
RB Compare
If two or more events occur at the same time, the priority level is defined as follows:
1. Software Trigger
2. External Event
3. RC Compare
4. RA or RB Compare
Status
The following bits in the status register are significant in Waveform Mode:
•
CPAS: RA Compare Status
There has been a RA Compare match at least once since the last read of the status
•
CPBS: RB Compare Status
There has been a RB Compare match at least once since the last read of the status
•
CPCS: RC Compare Status
There has been a RC Compare match at least once since the last read of the status
•
COVFS: Counter Overflow
Counter has attempted to count past $FFFF since the last read of the status
•
ETRGS: External Trigger
External trigger has been detected since the last read of the status
Note:
All the status bits are set when the corresponding event occurs and they are automatically cleared when the Status Register is read.
129
1354D–ATARM–05/02
Figure 47. Waveform Mode
130
CLKSTA
MCK/2
CLKEN
CLKDIS
ACPC
CLKI
MCK/8
MCK/32
Q
S
MCK/128
CPCDIS
MCK/1024
Q
XC0
R
S
ACPA
R
XC1
XC2
CPCSTOP
AEEVT
MTIOA
Output Controller
AT91X40 Series
TCCLKS
TIOA
BURST
Register A
Register B
Register C
Compare RA =
Compare RB =
Compare RC =
ASWTRG
1
16-bit Counter
CLK
RESET
SWTRG
OVF
BCPC
SYNC
Trig
MTIOB
CPCTRG
EEVT
BEEVT
CPCS
CPAS
CPBS
COVFS
BSWTRG
TC_IMR
TIOB
TC_SR
Edge
Detector
ENETRG
ETRGS
EEVTEDG
Timer Counter Channel
1354D–ATARM–05/02
INT
Output Controller
BCPB
TIOB
AT91X40 Series
TC User Interface
TC Base Address: 0xFFFE0000 (Code Label TC_BASE)
Table 16. TC Global Memory Map
Offset
Channel/Register
Name
Access
Reset State
0x00
TC Channel 0
See Table 17
0x40
TC Channel 1
See Table 17
0x80
TC Channel 2
See Table 17
0xC0
TC Block Control Register
TC_BCR
Write Only
–
0xC4
TC Block Mode Register
TC_BMR
Read/Write
0
TC_BCR (Block Control Register) and TC_BMR (Block Mode Register) control the TC block. TC Channels are controlled
by the registers listed in Table 17. The offset of each of the Channel registers in Table 17 is in relation to the offset of the
corresponding channel as mentioned in Table 16.
Table 17. TC Channel Memory Map
Offset
Note:
Register
Name
Access
Reset State
0x00
Channel Control Register
TC_CCR
Write Only
–
0x04
Channel Mode Register
TC_CMR
Read/Write
0
0x08
Reserved
–
0x0C
Reserved
–
0x10
Counter Value
TC_CV
Read/Write
0
(1)
0
0x14
Register A
TC_RA
Read/Write
0x18
Register B
TC_RB
Read/Write(1)
0
0x1C
Register C
TC_RC
Read/Write
0
0x20
Status Register
TC_SR
Read Only
0
0x24
Interrupt Enable Register
TC_IER
Write Only
–
0x28
Interrupt Disable Register
TC_IDR
Write Only
–
0x2C
Interrupt Mask Register
TC_IMR
Read Only
0
Read Only if WAVE = 0
131
1354D–ATARM–05/02
TC Block Control Register
Register Name: TC_BCR
Access Type:
Write only
Offset:
0xC0
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
SYNC
• SYNC: Synchro Command
0 = No effect.
1 = Asserts the SYNC signal which generates a software trigger simultaneously for each of the channels.
132
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
TC Block Mode Register
Register Name: TC_BMR
Access Type:
Read/Write
Reset Value:
0
Offset:
0xC4
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
–
–
TC2XC2S
TC1XC1S
0
TC0XC0S
• TC0XC0S: External Clock Signal 0 Selection
TC0XC0S
Signal Connected to XC0
0
0
TCLK0
0
1
None
1
0
TIOA1
1
1
TIOA2
• TC1XC1S: External Clock Signal 1 Selection
TC1XC1S
Signal Connected to XC1
0
0
TCLK1
0
1
None
1
0
TIOA0
1
1
TIOA2
• TC2XC2S: External Clock Signal 2 Selection
TC2XC2S
Signal Connected to XC2
0
0
TCLK2
0
1
None
1
0
TIOA0
1
1
TIOA1
133
1354D–ATARM–05/02
TC Channel Control Register
Register Name: TC_CCR
Access Type:
Write only
Offset:
0x00
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
–
–
–
–
–
SWTRG
CLKDIS
CLKEN
• CLKEN: Counter Clock Enable Command (Code Label TC_CLKEN)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the clock if CLKDIS is not 1.
• CLKDIS: Counter Clock Disable Command (Code Label TC_CLKDIS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the clock.
• SWTRG: Software Trigger Command (Code Label TC_SWTRG)
0 = No effect.
1 = A software trigger is performed: the counter is reset and clock is started.
134
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
TC Channel Mode Register: Capture Mode
Register Name: TC_CMR
Access Type:
Read/Write
Reset Value:
0
Offset:
0x04
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
WAVE = 0
CPCTRG
–
–
–
ABETRG
7
6
5
3
2
LDBDIS
LDBSTOP
4
BURST
16
LDRB
LDRA
CLKI
9
8
ETRGEDG
1
0
TCCLKS
• TCCLKS: Clock Selection
Code Label
TCCLKS
Clock Selected
TC_CLKS
0
0
0
MCK/2
TC_CLKS_MCK2
0
0
1
MCK/8
TC_CLKS_MCK8
0
1
0
MCK/32
TC_CLKS_MCK32
0
1
1
MCK/128
TC_CLKS_MCK128
1
0
0
MCK/1024
TC_CLKS_MCK1024
1
0
1
XC0
TC_CLKS_XC0
1
1
0
XC1
TC_CLKS_XC1
1
1
1
XC2
TC_CLKS_XC2
• CLKI: Clock Invert (Code Label TC_CLKI)
0 = Counter is incremented on rising edge of the clock.
1 = Counter is incremented on falling edge of the clock.
• BURST: Burst Signal Selection
Code Label
BURST
Selected BURST
TC_BURST
0
0
The clock is not gated by an external signal
TC_BURST_NONE
0
1
XC0 is ANDed with the selected clock
TC_BURST_XC0
1
0
XC1 is ANDed with the selected clock
TC_BURST_XC1
1
1
XC2 is ANDed with the selected clock
TC_BURST_XC2
• LDBSTOP: Counter Clock Stopped with RB Loading (Code Label TC_LDBSTOP)
0 = Counter clock is not stopped when RB loading occurs.
1 = Counter clock is stopped when RB loading occurs.
135
1354D–ATARM–05/02
• LDBDIS: Counter Clock Disable with RB Loading (Code Label TC_LDBDIS)
0 = Counter clock is not disabled when RB loading occurs.
1 = Counter clock is disabled when RB loading occurs.
• ETRGEDG: External Trigger Edge Selection
Code Label
•
ETRGEDG
Edge
TC_ETRGEDG
0
0
None
TC_ETRGEDG_EDGE_NONE
0
1
Rising Edge
TC_ETRGEDG_RISING_EDGE
1
0
Falling Edge
TC_ETRGEDG_FALLING_EDGE
1
1
Each Edge
TC_ETRGEDG_BOTH_EDGE
ABETRG: TIOA or TIOB External Trigger Selection
Code Label
ABETRG
Selected ABETRG
0
TIOB is used as an external trigger.
TC_ABETRG_TIOB
1
TIOA is used as an external trigger.
TC_ABETRG_TIOA
TC_ABETRG
• CPCTRG: RC Compare Trigger Enable (Code Label TC_CPCTRG)
0 = RC Compare has no effect on the counter and its clock.
1 = RC Compare resets the counter and starts the counter clock.
• WAVE = 0 (Code Label TC_WAVE)
0 = Capture Mode is enabled.
1 = Capture Mode is disabled (Waveform Mode is enabled).
•
LDRA: RA Loading Selection
Code Label
LDRA
•
Edge
TC_LDRA
TC_LDRA_EDGE_NONE
0
0
None
0
1
Rising edge of TIOA
TC_LDRA_RISING_EDGE
1
0
Falling edge of TIOA
TC_LDRA_FALLING_EDGE
1
1
Each edge of TIOA
TC_LDRA_BOTH_EDGE
LDRB: RB Loading Selection
Code Label
LDRB
136
Edge
TC_LDRB
TC_LDRB_EDGE_NONE
0
0
None
0
1
Rising edge of TIOA
TC_LDRB_RISING_EDGE
1
0
Falling edge of TIOA
TC_LDRB_FALLING_EDGE
1
1
Each edge of TIOA
TC_LDRB_BOTH_EDGE
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
TC Channel Mode Register: Waveform Mode
Register Name: TC_CMR
Access Type:
Read/Write
Reset Value:
0
Offset:
0x04
31
30
29
BSWTRG
23
28
27
BEEVT
22
21
ASWTRG
26
25
24
BCPC
20
19
AEEVT
BCPB
18
17
16
ACPC
15
14
13
12
WAVE = 1
CPCTRG
–
ENETRG
7
6
5
CPCDIS
CPCSTOP
4
BURST
11
ACPA
10
9
EEVT
3
8
EEVTEDG
2
CLKI
1
0
TCCLKS
• TCCLKS: Clock Selection
Code Label
TCCLKS
Clock Selected
TC_CLKS
0
0
0
MCK/2
TC_CLKS_MCK2
0
0
1
MCK/8
TC_CLKS_MCK8
0
1
0
MCK/32
TC_CLKS_MCK32
0
1
1
MCK/128
TC_CLKS_MCK128
1
0
0
MCK/1024
TC_CLKS_MCK1024
1
0
1
XC0
TC_CLKS_XC0
1
1
0
XC1
TC_CLKS_XC1
1
1
1
XC2
TC_CLKS_XC2
• CLKI: Clock Invert (Code Label TC_CLKI)
0 = Counter is incremented on rising edge of the clock.
1 = Counter is incremented on falling edge of the clock.
• BURST: Burst Signal Selection
Code Label
BURST
Selected BURST
TC_BURST
0
0
The clock is not gated by an external signal.
0
1
XC0 is ANDed with the selected clock.
TC_BURST_XC0
1
0
XC1 is ANDed with the selected clock.
TC_BURST_XC1
1
1
XC2 is ANDed with the selected clock.
TC_BURST_XC2
TC_BURST_NONE
• CPCSTOP: Counter Clock Stopped with RC Compare (Code Label TC_CPCSTOP)
0 = Counter clock is not stopped when counter reaches RC.
1 = Counter clock is stopped when counter reaches RC.
137
1354D–ATARM–05/02
• CPCDIS: Counter Clock Disable with RC Compare (Code Label TC_CPCDIS)
0 = Counter clock is not disabled when counter reaches RC.
1 = Counter clock is disabled when counter reaches RC.
• EEVTEDG: External Event Edge Selection
Code Label
EEVTEDG
Edge
TC_EEVTEDG
TC_EEVTEDG_EDGE_NONE
0
0
None
0
1
Rising edge
TC_EEVTEDG_RISING_EDGE
1
0
Falling edge
TC_EEVTEDG_FALLING_EDGE
1
1
Each edge
TC_EEVTEDG_BOTH_EDGE
• EEVT: External Event Selection
Signal Selected as
External Event
EEVT
Code Label
TIOB Direction
TC_EEVT
0
0
TIOB
Input(1)
TC_EEVT_TIOB
0
1
XC0
Output
TC_EEVT_XC0
1
0
XC1
Output
TC_EEVT_XC1
1
1
XC2
Output
TC_EEVT_XC2
Note:
If TIOB is chosen as the external event signal, it is configured as an input and no longer generates waveforms.
• ENETRG: External Event Trigger Enable (Code Label TC_ENETRG)
0 = The external event has no effect on the counter and its clock. In this case, the selected external event only controls the
TIOA output.
1 = The external event resets the counter and starts the counter clock.
• CPCTRG: RC Compare Trigger Enable (Code Label TC_CPCTRG)
0 = RC Compare has no effect on the counter and its clock.
1 = RC Compare resets the counter and starts the counter clock.
• WAVE = 1 (Code Label TC_WAVE)
0 = Waveform Mode is disabled (Capture Mode is enabled).
1 = Waveform Mode is enabled.
• ACPA: RA Compare Effect on TIOA
Code Label
ACPA
138
Effect
TC_ACPA
0
0
None
TC_ACPA_OUTPUT_NONE
0
1
Set
TC_ACPA_SET_OUTPUT
1
0
Clear
TC_ACPA_CLEAR_OUTPUT
1
1
Toggle
TC_ACPA_TOGGLE_OUTPUT
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
• ACPC: RC Compare Effect on TIOA
Code Label
ACPC
Effect
TC_ACPC
TC_ACPC_OUTPUT_NONE
0
0
None
0
1
Set
1
0
Clear
TC_ACPC_CLEAR_OUTPUT
1
1
Toggle
TC_ACPC_TOGGLE_OUTPUT
TC_ACPC_SET_OUTPUT
• AEEVT: External Event Effect on TIOA
Code Label
AEEVT
Effect
TC_AEEVT
0
0
None
TC_AEEVT_OUTPUT_NONE
0
1
Set
TC_AEEVT_SET_OUTPUT
1
0
Clear
TC_AEEVT_CLEAR_OUTPUT
1
1
Toggle
TC_AEEVT_TOGGLE_OUTPUT
• ASWTRG: Software Trigger Effect on TIOA
Code Label
Effect
TC_ASWTRG
0
ASWTRG
0
None
TC_ASWTRG_OUTPUT_NONE
0
1
Set
TC_ASWTRG_SET_OUTPUT
1
0
Clear
TC_ASWTRG_CLEAR_OUTPUT
1
1
Toggle
TC_ASWTRG_TOGGLE_OUTPUT
• BCPB: RB Compare Effect on TIOB
Code Label
BCPB
Effect
TC_BCPB
0
0
None
TC_BCPB_OUTPUT_NONE
0
1
Set
TC_BCPB_SET_OUTPUT
1
0
Clear
TC_BCPB_CLEAR_OUTPUT
1
1
Toggle
TC_BCPB_TOGGLE_OUTPUT
• BCPC: RC Compare Effect on TIOB
Code Label
BCPC
Effect
TC_BCPC
TC_BCPC_OUTPUT_NONE
0
0
None
0
1
Set
1
0
Clear
TC_BCPC_CLEAR_OUTPUT
1
1
Toggle
TC_BCPC_TOGGLE_OUTPUT
TC_BCPC_SET_OUTPUT
139
1354D–ATARM–05/02
• BEEVT: External Event Effect on TIOB
Code Label
BEEVT
Effect
TC_BEEVT
TC_BEEVT_OUTPUT_NONE
0
0
None
0
1
Set
1
0
Clear
TC_BEEVT_CLEAR_OUTPUT
1
1
Toggle
TC_BEEVT_TOGGLE_OUTPUT
TC_BEEVT_SET_OUTPUT
• BSWTRG: Software Trigger Effect on TIOB
Code Label
BSWTRG
140
Effect
TC_BSWTRG
TC_BSWTRG_OUTPUT_NONE
0
0
None
0
1
Set
1
0
Clear
TC_BSWTRG_CLEAR_OUTPUT
1
1
Toggle
TC_BSWTRG_TOGGLE_OUTPUT
TC_BSWTRG_SET_OUTPUT
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
TC Counter Value Register
Register Name: TC_CVR
Access Type:
Read Only
Reset Value:
0
Offset:
0x10
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
CV
7
6
5
4
CV
• CV: Counter Value (Code Label TC_CV)
CV contains the counter value in real-time.
TC Register A
Register Name: TC_RA
Access Type:
Read Only if WAVE = 0, Read/Write if WAVE = 1
Reset Value:
0
Offset:
0x14
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
RA
7
6
5
4
RA
• RA: Register A (Code Label TC_RA)
RA contains the Register A value in real-time.
141
1354D–ATARM–05/02
TC Register B
Register Name: TC_RB
Access Type:
Read Only if WAVE = 0, Read/Write if WAVE = 1
Reset Value:
0
Offset:
0x18
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
RB
7
6
5
4
RB
• RB: Register B (Code Label TC_RB)
RB contains the Register B value in real-time.
TC Register C
Register Name: TC_RC
Access Type:
Read/Write
Reset Value:
0
Offset:
0x1C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
3
2
1
0
RC
7
6
5
4
RC
• RC: Register C (Code Label TC_RC)
RC contains the Register C value in real-time.
142
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
TC Status Register
Register Name: TC_SR
Access Type:
Read Only
Reset Value:
0
Offset:
0x20
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
MTIOB
MTIOA
CLKSTA
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ETRGS
LDRBS
LDRAS
CPCS
CPBS
CPAS
LOVRS
COVFS
• COVFS: Counter Overflow Status (Code Label TC_COVFS)
0 = No counter overflow has occurred since the last read of the Status Register.
1 = A counter overflow has occurred since the last read of the Status Register.
• LOVRS: Load Overrun Status (Code Label TC_LOVRS)
0 = Load overrun has not occurred since the last read of the Status Register or WAVE = 1.
1 = RA or RB have been loaded at least twice without any read of the corresponding register since the last read of the Status Register, if WAVE = 0.
• CPAS: RA Compare Status (Code Label TC_CPAS)
0 = RA Compare has not occurred since the last read of the Status Register or WAVE = 0.
1 = RA Compare has occurred since the last read of the Status Register, if WAVE = 1.
• CPBS: RB Compare Status (Code Label TC_CPBS)
0 = RB Compare has not occurred since the last read of the Status Register or WAVE = 0.
1 = RB Compare has occurred since the last read of the Status Register, if WAVE = 1.
• CPCS: RC Compare Status (Code Label TC_CPCS)
0 = RC Compare has not occurred since the last read of the Status Register.
1 = RC Compare has occurred since the last read of the Status Register.
• LDRAS: RA Loading Status (Code Label TC_LDRAS)
0 = RA Load has not occurred since the last read of the Status Register or WAVE = 1.
1 = RA Load has occurred since the last read of the Status Register, if WAVE = 0.
• LDRBS: RB Loading Status (Code Label TC_LDRBS)
0 = RB Load has not occurred since the last read of the Status Register or WAVE = 1.
1 = RB Load has occurred since the last read of the Status Register, if WAVE = 0.
• ETRGS: External Trigger Status (Code Label TC_ETRGS)
0 = External trigger has not occurred since the last read of the Status Register.
1 = External trigger has occurred since the last read of the Status Register.
• CLKSTA: Clock Enabling Status (Code Label TC_CLKSTA)
0 = Clock is disabled.
1 = Clock is enabled.
143
1354D–ATARM–05/02
• MTIOA: TIOA Mirror (Code Label TC_MTIOA)
0 = TIOA is low. If WAVE = 0, this means that TIOA pin is low. If WAVE = 1, this means that TIOA is driven low.
1 = TIOA is high. If WAVE = 0, this means that TIOA pin is high. If WAVE = 1, this means that TIOA is driven high.
• MTIOB: TIOB Mirror (Code Label TC_MTIOB)
0 = TIOB is low. If WAVE = 0, this means that TIOB pin is low. If WAVE = 1, this means that TIOB is driven low.
1 = TIOB is high. If WAVE = 0, this means that TIOB pin is high. If WAVE = 1, this means that TIOB is driven high.
144
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
TC Interrupt Enable Register
Register Name: TC_IER
Access Type:
Write only
Offset:
0x24
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ETRGS
LDRBS
LDRAS
CPCS
CPBS
CPAS
LOVRS
COVFS
• COVFS: Counter Overflow (Code Label TC_COVFS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the Counter Overflow Interrupt.
• LOVRS: Load Overrun (Code Label TC_LOVRS)
0 = No effect.
1: Enables the Load Overrun Interrupt.
• CPAS: RA Compare (Code Label TC_CPAS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the RA Compare Interrupt.
• CPBS: RB Compare (Code Label TC_CPBS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the RB Compare Interrupt.
• CPCS: RC Compare (Code Label TC_CPCS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the RC Compare Interrupt.
• LDRAS: RA Loading (Code Label TC_LDRAS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the RA Load Interrupt.
• LDRBS: RB Loading (Code Label TC_LDRBS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the RB Load Interrupt.
• ETRGS: External Trigger (Code Label TC_ETRGS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Enables the External Trigger Interrupt.
145
1354D–ATARM–05/02
TC Interrupt Disable Register
Register Name: TC_IDR
Access Type:
Write only
Offset:
0x28
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ETRGS
LDRBS
LDRAS
CPCS
CPBS
CPAS
LOVRS
COVFS
• COVFS: Counter Overflow (Code Label TC_COVFS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the Counter Overflow Interrupt.
• LOVRS: Load Overrun (Code Label TC_LOVRS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the Load Overrun Interrupt (if WAVE = 0).
• CPAS: RA Compare (Code Label TC_CPAS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the RA Compare Interrupt (if WAVE = 1).
• CPBS: RB Compare (Code Label TC_CPBS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the RB Compare Interrupt (if WAVE = 1).
• CPCS: RC Compare (Code Label TC_CPCS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the RC Compare Interrupt.
• LDRAS: RA Loading (Code Label TC_LDRAS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the RA Load Interrupt (if WAVE = 0).
• LDRBS: RB Loading (Code Label TC_LDRBS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the RB Load Interrupt (if WAVE = 0).
• ETRGS: External Trigger (Code Label TC_ETRGS)
0 = No effect.
1 = Disables the External Trigger Interrupt.
146
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
TC Interrupt Mask Register
Register Name: TC_IMR
Access Type:
Read Only
Reset Value:
0
Offset:
0x2C
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
ETRGS
LDRBS
LDRAS
CPCS
CPBS
CPAS
LOVRS
COVFS
• COVFS: Counter Overflow (Code Label TC_COVFS)
0 = The Counter Overflow Interrupt is disabled.
1 = The Counter Overflow Interrupt is enabled.
• LOVRS: Load Overrun (Code Label TC_LOVRS)
0 = The Load Overrun Interrupt is disabled.
1 = The Load Overrun Interrupt is enabled.
• CPAS: RA Compare (Code Label TC_CPAS)
0 = The RA Compare Interrupt is disabled.
1 = The RA Compare Interrupt is enabled.
• CPBS: RB Compare (Code Label TC_CPBS)
0 = The RB Compare Interrupt is disabled.
1 = The RB Compare Interrupt is enabled.
• CPCS: RC Compare (Code Label TC_CPCS)
0 = The RC Compare Interrupt is disabled.
1 = The RC Compare Interrupt is enabled.
• LDRAS: RA Loading (Code Label TC_LDRAS)
0 = The Load RA Interrupt is disabled.
1 = The Load RA Interrupt is enabled.
• LDRBS: RB Loading (Code Label TC_LDRBS)
0 = The Load RB Interrupt is disabled.
1 = The Load RB Interrupt is enabled.
• ETRGS: External Trigger (Code Label TC_ETRGS)
0 = The External Trigger Interrupt is disabled.
1 = The External Trigger Interrupt is enabled.
147
1354D–ATARM–05/02
148
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
Table of Contents
Features................................................................................................. 1
Description ............................................................................................ 1
Pin Configuration.................................................................................. 2
Block Diagram....................................................................................... 4
Architectural Overview......................................................................... 5
Memories .............................................................................................................. 5
Peripherals............................................................................................................ 5
Associated Documentation ................................................................. 7
Product Overview ................................................................................. 8
Power Supply........................................................................................................ 8
Input/Output Considerations ................................................................................. 8
Master Clock......................................................................................................... 8
Reset .................................................................................................................... 8
Emulation Function ............................................................................................... 8
Memory Controller ................................................................................................ 9
External Bus Interface ........................................................................................ 11
Peripherals .......................................................................................... 11
System Peripherals............................................................................................. 12
User Peripherals ................................................................................................. 14
Memory Map........................................................................................ 15
Peripheral Memory Map ..................................................................... 17
EBI: External Bus Interface................................................................ 18
External Memory Mapping..................................................................................
External Bus Interface Pin Description ..............................................................
Chip Select Lines................................................................................................
Data Bus Width...................................................................................................
Byte Write or Byte Select Access .......................................................................
Boot on NCS0.....................................................................................................
Read Protocols ...................................................................................................
Write Data Hold Time .........................................................................................
Wait States .........................................................................................................
Memory Access Waveforms ...............................................................................
EBI User Interface ..............................................................................................
EBI Chip Select Register ....................................................................................
EBI Remap Control Register ..............................................................................
EBI Memory Control Register .............................................................................
18
20
21
23
24
26
27
28
29
33
45
46
48
49
i
1354D–ATARM–05/02
PS: Power-saving ............................................................................... 50
Peripheral Clocks................................................................................................
PS User Interface ...............................................................................................
PS Control Register ............................................................................................
PS Peripheral Clock Enable Register .................................................................
PS Peripheral Clock Disable Register ................................................................
PS Peripheral Clock Status Register ..................................................................
50
51
52
53
54
55
AIC: Advanced Interrupt Controller .................................................. 56
Hardware Interrupt Vectoring..............................................................................
Priority Controller ................................................................................................
Interrupt Handling ...............................................................................................
Interrupt Masking ................................................................................................
Interrupt Clearing and Setting.............................................................................
Fast Interrupt Request ........................................................................................
Software Interrupt ...............................................................................................
Spurious Interrupt ...............................................................................................
Protect Mode ......................................................................................................
AIC User Interface ..............................................................................................
AIC Source Mode Register .................................................................................
AIC Source Vector Register................................................................................
AIC Interrupt Vector Register..............................................................................
AIC FIQ Vector Register .....................................................................................
AIC Interrupt Status Register ..............................................................................
AIC Interrupt Pending Register ...........................................................................
AIC Interrupt Mask Register ...............................................................................
AIC Core Interrupt Status Register .....................................................................
AIC Interrupt Enable Command Register ...........................................................
AIC Interrupt Disable Command Register ..........................................................
AIC Interrupt Clear Command Register ..............................................................
AIC Interrupt Set Command Register .................................................................
AIC End of Interrupt Command Register ............................................................
AIC Spurious Vector Register.............................................................................
Standard Interrupt Sequence..............................................................................
58
58
58
58
59
59
59
59
60
61
62
63
64
64
65
65
66
67
68
68
69
69
70
70
71
PIO: Parallel I/O Controller................................................................. 74
Multiplexed I/O Lines ..........................................................................................
Output Selection .................................................................................................
I/O Levels............................................................................................................
Filters ..................................................................................................................
Interrupts.............................................................................................................
User Interface .....................................................................................................
PIO User Interface ..............................................................................................
PIO Enable Register ...........................................................................................
PIO Disable Register ..........................................................................................
PIO Status Register ............................................................................................
ii
74
74
74
74
75
75
78
79
79
80
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
AT91X40 Series
PIO Output Enable Register ...............................................................................
PIO Output Disable Register ..............................................................................
PIO Output Status Register ................................................................................
PIO Input Filter Enable Register .........................................................................
PIO Input Filter Disable Register ........................................................................
PIO Input Filter Status Register ..........................................................................
PIO Set Output Data Register ............................................................................
PIO Clear Output Data Register .........................................................................
PIO Output Data Status Register........................................................................
PIO Pin Data Status Register .............................................................................
PIO Interrupt Enable Register.............................................................................
PIO Interrupt Disable Register ............................................................................
PIO Interrupt Mask Register ...............................................................................
PIO Interrupt Status Register..............................................................................
81
81
82
83
83
84
85
85
86
86
87
87
88
88
WD: Watchdog Timer ......................................................................... 89
WD
WD
WD
WD
WD
WD
User Interface ..............................................................................................
Overflow Mode Register ..............................................................................
Clock Mode Register ...................................................................................
Control Register...........................................................................................
Status Register ............................................................................................
Enabling Sequence......................................................................................
90
90
91
92
92
93
SF: Special Function Registers......................................................... 94
Chip Identification ...............................................................................................
SF User Interface................................................................................................
Chip ID Register .................................................................................................
Chip ID Extension Register.................................................................................
Reset Status Register.........................................................................................
SF Memory Mode Register .................................................................................
SF Protect Mode Register ..................................................................................
94
94
95
96
97
98
98
USART: Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous
Receiver/Transmitter .......................................................................... 99
Pin Description.................................................................................................... 99
Baud Rate Generator........................................................................................ 100
Receiver............................................................................................................ 101
Transmitter........................................................................................................ 103
Break ................................................................................................................ 104
Peripheral Data Controller ................................................................................ 105
Interrupt Generation.......................................................................................... 105
Channel Modes................................................................................................. 105
USART User Interface ...................................................................................... 107
USART Control Register................................................................................... 108
USART Mode Register ..................................................................................... 110
USART Interrupt Enable Register..................................................................... 112
iii
1354D–ATARM–05/02
USART Interrupt Disable Register....................................................................
USART Interrupt Mask Register .......................................................................
USART Channel Status Register......................................................................
USART Receiver Holding Register ...................................................................
USART Transmitter Holding Register...............................................................
USART Baud Rate Generator Register ............................................................
USART Receiver Time-out Register .................................................................
USART Transmitter Time-guard Register.........................................................
USART Receive Pointer Register .....................................................................
USART Receive Counter Register ...................................................................
USART Transmit Pointer Register....................................................................
USART Transmit Counter Register ..................................................................
113
114
115
117
117
118
119
119
120
120
121
121
TC: Timer Counter ............................................................................ 122
Signal Name Description .................................................................................
Timer Counter Description................................................................................
Capture Operating Mode ..................................................................................
Waveform Operating Mode...............................................................................
TC User Interface .............................................................................................
TC Block Control Register ................................................................................
TC Block Mode Register ...................................................................................
TC Channel Control Register............................................................................
TC Channel Mode Register: Capture Mode .....................................................
TC Channel Mode Register: Waveform Mode ..................................................
TC Counter Value Register...............................................................................
TC Register A ...................................................................................................
TC Register B ...................................................................................................
TC Register C ...................................................................................................
TC Status Register ...........................................................................................
TC Interrupt Enable Register ............................................................................
TC Interrupt Disable Register ...........................................................................
TC Interrupt Mask Register...............................................................................
123
123
126
128
131
132
133
134
135
137
141
141
142
142
143
145
146
147
Table of Contents .................................................................................. i
iv
AT91X40 Series
1354D–ATARM–05/02
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