www.fairchildsemi.com FAN8460MTC/FAN8460MP Single Phase Full Wave BLDC Motor Driver with Variable Speed Control Features Description • Output direct PWM drive for speed control • Selectable PWM frequency : internal or external • Versatile speed control inputs: A thermistor or PWM input. • A wide range of operating voltage: 3.2V to 28V • Locked rotor protection with open collector output and auto retry • Open collector hall output for speed feedback • Adjustable minimum speed • Thermistor disconnection protection • TSD protection. The FAN8460MTC/FAN8460MP is a single phase BLDC motor driver with variable speed control using output direct PWM method and it’s typical application is DC cooling fans with wide range of supply voltage(5/12/24V). This approach eliminates the need for external pass devices such as BJT, MOSFET. This solution also offers other advantages over commonly used external PWM turning fan’s power on and off at fixed frequency. The external PWM increas stress on fan and needs level translation in speed and alarm output because these outputs share the fan’s negative terminal. In case of CPU cooling, digital controller can give speed control command with PWM signal adjusting the duty. If a system has no digital controller, the NTC thermistor input mechanism can control fan speed with local or ambient temperature sensing.These two kinds of input schemes can meet various system requirements and applications. 14-TSSOP 14-MLP 4X4 Typical Applications • CPU Cooling Fans • Instrumentation Fans • Desktop PC Fans Ordering Information Device Package Operating Temp. FAN8460MTC 14-TSSOP −30°C ~ 90°C FAN8460MTCX 14-TSSOP −30°C ~ 90°C FAN8460MPX 14-MLP 4x4 −30°C ~ 90°C Rev.1.0.3 ©2004 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FAN8460MTC/FAN8460MP Block Diagram 9 VM 6 OUTA 8 OUTB TACO 14 AL 13 H+ 2 H- 1 Commutation & Control & TSD PWM 10 Lock Detection & Auto Restart VS 7 GND 12 CT LD 3 VLDCP VLDCL Triangle Wave Generator Switching Control VS 2V Reference PWM SPWM Decoder IPWM VPWM 5 2 VCON VREF 11 4 FAN8460MTC/FAN8460MP Pin Definitions Pin Number Pin Name I/O Pin Function Description Remark 1 H− A Hall input - 2 H+ A Hall input + - 3 LD A Sawtooth wave generator for lock detector and automatic restart - 4 VREF A Reference voltage output 5 VPWM I PWM input for speed control - 6 OUTA A Motor output A - 7 GND P Ground - 8 OUTB A Motor output B - 9 VM P Power supply for output stage - 10 VS P Power supply for signal block 11 VCON A Speed control signal 12 CT A Triangle waveform out 13 AL O Alarm output Open collector 14 TACO O Speed output Open collector - 3 FAN8460MTC/FAN8460MP Absolute Maximum Ratings (Ta = 25°C) Parameter Maximum power supply voltage Symbol Value VSMAX, VMMAX 32 Unit V 143 (FAN8460MTC) Thermal resistance Rja 150 (FAN8460MP case1) 45 (FAN8460MP case2) o C/W oC/W o C/W 870 (FAN8460MTC) mW 800 (FAN8460MP case1) mW 2700 (FAN8460MP case2) mW VOMAX 36 V IOMAX 0.8note A IOPEAK 1.2note A Maximum Taco/Alarm output current ITACO/AL 5 mA Taco/Alarm output sustain voltage VTACO/AL 36 V VHO 36 V VVPWM -0.3~ VS V Operating temperature TOPR −30 ~ 90 °C Storage temperature TSTG −55 ~ 150 °C Maximum power dissipation PDMAX Maximum output voltage Maximum output current Maximum output peak current Hall output withstanding voltage VPWM Input voltage Case 1 Case 2 Remark Power plane(Cu) Pd is measured base on the JEDEC/STD(JESD 51-2) GND plane(Cu) PCB(glass-epoxy) Pd= 0.8W Via Pd= 2.7W note : 1. Refer: EIA/JESD 51-2 & EIA/JESD 51-3 & EIA/JESD 51-5 & EIA/JESD 51-7 2. Case 1: Single layer PCB with 1 signal plane only, PCB size 76mm × 114mm × 1.6mm. 3. Case 2: Multi layer PCB with 1 signal, 1 power and 1 ground planes, PCB size 76mm × 114mm × 1.6mm, Cu plane sizes for power and ground 74mm × 74mm × 0.035mm, thermal via hole pitch 0.9mm, via hole φ size 0.3mm, 6 via hole. 4. Should not exceed PD or ASO value. 5. IOPEAK time is within 2us. 4 FAN8460MTC/FAN8460MP Power Dissipation Curve Pd [mW] 3,000 case2 2,000 SOA 14TSSOP 1,000 0 0 case1 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 Ambient Temperature, Ta [°C] Recommended Operating Conditions (Ta = 25°C) Parameter Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit Supply voltage for signal block VS 3.2 − 28 V Supply voltage for output stage VM 3.2 − 28 V 5 FAN8460MTC/FAN8460MP Equivalent Circuits Description Pin No. Internal Circuit VCC Hall input 1,2 1 2 VCC LD 3 3 VM Output 6,8 6 8 13 14 AL/TACO 6 13 , 14 FAN8460MTC/FAN8460MP Equivalent Circuits Description Pin No. Internal Circuit Reference VPWM 5 5 VCC VCON/CT 11/12 11 12 7 FAN8460MTC/FAN8460MP FAN8460MTC/FAN8460MP Electrical Characteristics (Ta = 25°C, VS = 12V unless otherwise specified) Parameter Symbol Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit - 4.5 7 mA Common Block Supply current ICC Reference output voltage VREF1 Iref=200uA 1.85 2.0 2.15 V Reference output voltage VREF2 Iref=2mA 1.75 1.94 2.13 V Lock Detector & Auto Restart LD charging current ILDC VLD=0V-->1.5V ,VLD=1.5V 1.4 2.2 2.9 µA LD discharging current ILDD VLD=3V-->1.5V ,VLD=1.5V 0.15 0.33 0.50 µA LD clamp voltage VLDCL - 2.3 2.6 2.9 V LD comparator voltage VLDCP - 0.4 0.6 0.8 V CT discharging current ICTD VCT=2.0V-->1.2V,VCT=1.2V -7.2 -6 -4.8 µA CT charging current ICTC VCT=0.5V-->1.2V,VCT=1.2V 4.8 6 7.2 µA CT valley voltage VCTMIN - 0.71 0.8 0.89 V CT peak voltage VCTMAX - 1.7 1.8 1.9 V VCON output current IVCON VVCON=2V, PWM=H 180 200 220 µA Output OFF VCON low voltage VCONL - - 300 mV - 0.5 V 2.8 - - V - 70 100 µA - 0.9 1.1 V 0.2 0.3 V Triangle Wave Generator Speed Control Voltage VPWM Input VPWM low Voltage VPWML VPWM high Voltage VPWMH VPWM input current IPWML VVPWM=5V Output Stage High side output saturation voltage VOSH IO=200mA Low side output saturation voltage VOSL IO=200mA Speed output (TACO) & Lock Detection Output (AL) TACO output saturation voltage VTACOS ITACO=5mA - 0.1 0.3 V TACO output leakage current ITACO VTACO=12V - 0.1 10 µA AL output saturation voltage VALS IAL=5mA - 0.1 0.3 V IAL VAL=12V - 0.1 10 µA AL output leakage current Hall Amplifier 8 Input range VHDC - 0 - VS-2.8 V Input offset VHOF - -10 - 10 mV FAN8460MTC/FAN8460MP Application Information 1 Direct output PWM for FAN Motor Speed Control Direct output PWM method is used to control driving power to a fan motor and thus fan motor speed. A motor current, and thus fan motor speed is proportional to duty-cycle of output PWM signal in FAN8460MTC/FAN8460MP. The internal PWM signal is driven by comparing a triangle wave (PWM oscillator output, VCT) and a control DC voltage VVCON). Figure.1 illustrates the relationships among oscillator output (VCT), speed control voltage (VVCON), motor current, and output PWM duty. VCT VVCON iM VCT 1.8V VVCON 0.8V iM(avg) ifreewheeling iM tPWM tON PWM tOFF High Speed Mid Speed Low Speed Figure 1. Basic Speed Control Concept . Output PWM(Duty) 100% 50% 0 0.8V 1.3V 1.8V 2V Speed Control Voltage(VVCON) Figure 2. The Relationship Between Speed Control Voltage and Output PWM Duty As shown in figure2, the output PWM duty-cycle can be decreased as VVCON is increased. The effective range of speed control voltage (VVCON) is 0.8 ~1.8V(typical) which represents a duty-cycle range of 0% to 100% on PWM signal.When VVCON is 1.3V, the output PWM duty becomes 50%. 2 H-bridge motor driver (OUTA, OUTB) Using an H-bridge to drive a single-phase BLDC motor provides several advantages for DC fans over a two phase motor commonly driven by two commutated low-side switches. A single phase motor has only two connections; hence, the H-bridge topology requires only two output terminals and two traces are needed on the fan PCB. Generally, this H-bridge method with single phase motor increases fan motor torque density over a typical unipolar drive method. In addition, the H-bridge topology eliminates the number of external component for snubbing and allows recirculation of winding current to maintain energy in a 9 FAN8460MTC/FAN8460MP motor while PWM switching occurs. PWM occurs on the high side, and the freewheeling current flow on the low side during TOFF. 3 Triangle Waveform Generator (PWM Oscillator) The PWM oscillator output (VCT) sets output PWM frequency using external capacitor (CT). When VCT reaches the upper threshold(1.8V typical) by internal current source(6uA typical), CT begins to be discharged by internal current sink(-6uA typical) until the low threshold(0.8V typical). It repeats the charging and discharging cycle. To have a desired PWM frequency, fCT, can be calculated as follows; I CTC C T = --------------------------------------------------------------------2f CT × ( V CTMAX – V CTMIN ) For example, CT = 100pF, then fCT is about 25KHz. 4. Speed Control Voltage (VVCON) and Active Filter (PWM Decoder) In general, many PC super IO and hardware monitoring ICs provide one of two fan speed control output to provide variable fan speed control without an external drive power stage. FAN8460MTC/FAN8460MP have two type of input stage scheme. This means an end user can control the fan speed with a PWM signal or a DC control voltage (typically thermistor input). Figure.3 shows two kind of input stages; ambient temperature based input stage using thermistor(figure.3a) and digital PWM input stage(figure.3b). 100pF 12 CT VS PWM Decoder VPWM 2V Reference VCON 5 100pF 11 VREF 12 CT VS PWM Decoder VPWM 4 2V Reference VCON 5 11 VREF 4 6.2K RMIN RPWM RNTC ROPT 120K CPWM RPWM Figure 3. Input Stages and Speed Control Voltage Output 4.1 NTC Thermistor based Speed Control(Scheme 1) When the ambient temperature based speed control is used, the VPWM pin must be connected with ground as shown figure.3a. The VVCON will be adjusted automatically by ambient temperature with NTC thermistor. When the ambient temperature increases, decreased thermistor resistance results in low VVCON and high fan motor speed. An optional resistor, RMIN, is set to a minimum speed when thermistor is accidentally disconnected. The VVCON is calculated as follows; ( R MIN || R NTC ) V VCON = -------------------------------------------------------------- × V VREF ( R MIN || R NTC ) + R PWM For example, RPWM = 3K, RMIN =open, RNTC=10K, the VVCON is shown in fig4.a. When the temperature is higher than 65, motor will run at full speed. In case, the temperature is under 5°C, no drive will be present. But the practical motor stop temperature is slightly higher than 5°C because motor needs minimum starting torque depending on mechanics, motor size. In case, the RMIN is not used, fan motor runs at full speed when the thermistor is accidentally disconnected. Another example is useage of optinal resistor RMIN to limit minimum motor speed. For example, RPWM = 1.5K, RMIN = 3.3K, RNTC=10K, fig4.b shows the resultant VCON voltage is under 1.3V and thus the minimum PWM duty will be over 0.5. It means motor will runs at medium speed even if NTC is disconnected accidentally. 10 FAN8460MTC/FAN8460MP 1.6 28 1.4 24 1.2 20 1 16 0.8 12 0.6 8 0.4 4 0.2 10 20 30 40 30 40 0 0 2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 10 20 0 40 36 32 28 24 20 16 12 8 4 0 50 60 70 80 90 100 90 10 0 32 VCON voltage 70 80 1.8 50 60 36 VCON voltage[V] 2 10K NTC[K ohm] 40 Equivalent Resistance VCON voltage[V] 10KNTC VCONvoltage 10K NTC[Kohm 10KohmNTC temperature[°C] temperature[°C] Figure 4. Sensed temperature and speed control voltage 4.2 PWM Speed Control using Internal Oscillator(Scheme 2) A digital PWM input applied to VPWM pin is converted to analog DC voltage by PWM decoder and external RC filter. The external filter capacitor, CPWM, eliminates high frequency AC component in VVCON. If a large value of CPWM is used, VVCON has smaller value of AC component (ripple), but larger time delay can be occurred in VVCON with some fixed input frequency. The lower frequency of digital PWM input needs the larger value of CPWM. External resistor RPWM, RPWM define the VVCON range as follow; R OPT V VCON ( ON ) = { V REF – ( R PWM × I VCON ) } × ------------------------------R OPT + R PWM V VCON ( OFF ) = V VREF × R OPT ⁄ ( R PWM + R OPT ) VVCON(V) Output PWM(Duty) 1.9V 1.8V 100% 50% 0% 0.8V 0.72V 0 8% 50% 92% 100% Digital VPWM Input Duty 0 8% 50% 88% 100% Digital VPWM Input Duty Figure 5. The Relationship Digital PWM Input Duty VS VVCON and Output PWM Duty For example, RPWM =6.2K and ROPT =120K, VVCON become between 0.72V and 1.9V, because VVREF=2V, IVOCN = 200uA. For some design margin, under the 8% duty of digital PWM input, fan motor stops because the output PWM duty is 0. If the duty of digital PWM input is lager than 0.92, then output PWM duty is 100%. It means fan motor is operated in full speed. Figure5.a shows the relationship between digital PWM input and active filter out (VVCON) and figure5.b illustrates the 11 FAN8460MTC/FAN8460MP output PWM duty is proportional to input PWM duty with some dead band. The output PWM frequency is defined by external capacitor, CT. So there is no relationship between VPWM input frequency and output PWM frequency. Table 1 summarizes the motor speed according to digital VPWM input and VVCON Table 1. .Operation Tables Mode VPWM VCON Speed Condition H L Full Speed L H Stop H/L Depend on mother board PWM signal proportional to PWM input duty GND Depend on thermistor resistance The higher TEMP, the faster fan speed PWM Input Thermistor Input 4.3 PWM Speed Control using External PWM Input(Scheme 3) This scheme indicates that digital PWM input signal becomes directly output PWM signal. In other word, frequency and duty of output PWM driving signal is the same as this digital PWM input. In case input PWM frequency is very low, active filter needs large value of capacitor to make speed control voltage in scheme 2. This scheme dosen’t need filter capacitor and has good input/output characteristics. This means that there is no deadband and output signals are synchronized with input VPWM signal as shown in figure6. CT VCC 12 180K PWM Decoder 2V Reference VPWM VCON 5 11 4 6.2K 20K VREF HH+ VPWM OUTA OUTB RPWM Figure 6. Interface and it’s Related Waveforms Scheme3 4.4 Offset comparator(Thermistor open protection) If under 100mV difference between VREF and VCON, fan motor runs at full speed. 5 Locked Rotor Protection with Open Collector Output and Automatic Restart When the rotor is locked, there is no change in input signal of hall amplifier and thus a internal TZERO pulse is not observed. A capacitor (CLD) connected LD pin is continually charged by internal current source (iLDC) to the internal threshold (VLDCL) resulting from no Tzero pulse. When the voltage, VCLD on LD pin, reaches VLDCL, high side output power TR is turned-off to protect motor during TOFF and the alarm output (AL) becomes floating high. When the VCLD reaches upper threshold, VLDCL, VCLD starts to decrease with internal current sink (iLDD) to the low threshold, VLDCP. At that time, the VCLD ramps up again and one of two outputs is turned on depending on locked rotor position during TON. The charging and discharging repeat until locked condition is removed, or FAN8460MTC/FAN8460MP is powered down. The overall time chart is shown in figure.6. The auto- retry time (TON), the motor protection time (TOFF) and the locked rotor detection time (TLOCK) are proportional to external capacitor, CLD. Each value can be calculated as follows; 12 FAN8460MTC/FAN8460MP C LD × ( V LDCL – V LDCP ) T ON = -------------------------------------------------------i LDC C LD × ( V LDCL – V LDCP ) T OFF = -------------------------------------------------------i LDD C LD × V LDCL T LOCK = ----------------------------i LDC For example, CLD = 0.33uF, then TON= 0.3Sec,TOFF= 2Sec,TLOCK=0.4Sec. This AL output can be used to inform a locked rotor condition to super IO or system controller. Because the AL output is open collector type, end user can pull up this pin with a external resistor to the supply voltage of their choice (that is 5 or 3.3V). Rotor HH+ NSNSNSN N TOFF SNSNSNS TON VLDCL VLDCP LD Tzero OUTB OUTA Tlock AL TACO 1 rotation Motor Locked Lock Released Figure 7. Overall Timing Chart 13 FAN8460MTC/FAN8460MP 6. Hall Sensor Amplifier V+ RH C H1 H+ 2 C H2 FAN8460MTC FAN8460MP Ri 1 H- Hall Sensor Figure 1. Hall Sensor Interface The hall current (IH) is determined as follows; V CC I H = -------------------------(RH + Ri) Where, RH is an external limiting resistor and Ri is input impedance of hall sensor. An external capacitor, CH1, can be used to reduce a power supply noise. CH2 can reduce the instant peak current using H-bridge’s commutation. The input range of hall amplifier is between 0V and VCC-2.8V as shown in following figure. VS V S - 2 .8 V VS / 2 GND Figure 2. Hall Amplifier Input Range Table 1. Hall Sensor Outputs and Related Pin outputs (H+) -( H-) LD OUT A OUT B AL TACO Positive Low Level L PWM L L Negative Low Level PWM L L H ROTATING - - - - H L or H LOCK Remark 7 Open Collector TACO Output for Speed Feedback The TACO output comes from the hall amplifier output. Because the TACO output is open collector type, end user can pull up this pin with a external resistor to the supply voltage of their choice (that is 5 or 3.3V). This resulting output signal has two pulses per revolution on a four pole motor. 9 Supply Voltage Consideration A supply sustain capacitor (CR) should be placed as close to VM pin with GND as layout permits. A reverse supply protection diode (DR) prevent motor current from recirculating to power source when PWM operation and phase commutation occur. This results in increasing VM and VS pin voltage. This capacitor absorbs motor recirculating current and limits VM and VCC pin voltage. In general, large motor winding inductance and current need large value of CR. 9. Thermal Shutdown TSD on: Two high side output TR are off.(Typ. 175°C) TSD off: The circuit can be reactivated and begin to operate in a normal condition. (Typ. 150°C) 14 FAN8460MTC/FAN8460MP Typical Application Circuits 1 (NTC Thermistor based Speed Control) V+ DR 9 VM CR eletrolytic 6 OUTA 8 OUTB 14 AL 13 Commutation & Control & TSD > 0.47uF R1 TACO R2 V+ RH 2 H- 1 Hall H+ PWM 10 Lock Detection & Auto Restart VS 7 GND 12 CT CT 100pF LD 3 CLD VLDCP VLDCL Triangle Wave Generator VS 2V Reference PWM SPWM Decoder Switching Control IPWM VPWM VCON VREF 5 11 RNTC 4 RPWM Mode VPWM VCON Speed Condition Thermistor Input GND Depend on thermistor resistance The higher TEMP, the faster fan speed 15 FAN8460MTC/FAN8460MP Typical Application Circuits 2 (PWM Input Speed Control using Internal Oscillator) V+ DR 9 VM CR eletrolytic 6 OUTA 8 OUTB 14 AL 13 Commutation & Control & TSD > 0.47uF R1 TACO R2 V+ RH 2 H- 1 Hall H+ PWM 10 VS 7 GND 12 CT CT 100pF Lock Detection & Auto Restart LD 3 CLD VLDCP VLDCL Triangle Wave Generator Switching Control VS 2V Reference PWM SPWM Decoder IPWM VPWM VCON VREF 5 11 4 6.2K ROPT 120K Mode PWM Input 16 CPWM RPWM VPWM VCON Speed Condition H L Full Speed L H Stop L/H H/L proportional to PWM duty (Duty range:0.15 ~ 0.85) FAN8460MTC/FAN8460MP Typical Application Circuits 3 (PWM Input Speed Control using External PWM Input ) V+ DR 9 CR VM eletrolytic 6 OUTA 8 OUTB 14 AL 13 Commutation & Control & TSD > 0.47uF R1 TACO R2 V+ RH 2 H- 1 Hall H+ PWM 10 Lock Detection & Auto Restart VS 7 GND 12 CT LD 3 CLD VLDCP VLDCL 180K Triangle Wave Generator Switching Control VS 2V Reference PWM SPWM Decoder IPWM VPWM VCON VREF 5 11 4 6.2K 20K Mode PWM Input RPWM VPWM VCON Speed Condition H L Full speed L H Stop H/L L/H proportional to PWM Duty 17 FAN8460MTC/FAN8460MP Package Dimensions (Unit: mm) 14-TSSOP 18 FAN8460MTC/FAN8460MP Package Dimensions (Unit: mm) 14-MLP 4X4 19 FAN8460MTC/FAN8460MP Typical Performance characreristics VREF load regulation VS current consumption 2.05 2.00 1.95 VREF[v] ICC[mA] 5 4 VS=12V 1.90 1.85 3 0 5 10 15 20 25 1.80 30 0 1 2 VS[V] 3 4 5 IREF[mA] VREF line regulation IVCON line regulation 2.0 210 1.9 IVCON[uA] VREF[V] IREF=200uA 1.8 1.7 200 1.6 1.5 190 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 VS[V] 15 20 25 Low side TR saturation voltage High side TR saturation voltage 2.5 2.0 24V at 57ohm Supply voltage[V] VCE[V] 20 VS=VM=12V 1.0 0.5 5V 12V 24V 5V 12V 24V 5V at 13ohm 12V at 26ohm 25 1.5 30 VS[V] Falling time Falling time Falling time Rising time Rising time Rising time 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 Motor current[A] 0.5 0.6 0.7 0 0 200 400 600 Time[ns] 20 800 1000 FAN8460MTC/FAN8460MP 21 FAN8460MTC/FAN8460MP DISCLAIMER FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MAKE CHANGES WITHOUT FURTHER NOTICE TO ANY PRODUCTS HEREIN TO IMPROVE RELIABILITY, FUNCTION OR DESIGN. FAIRCHILD DOES NOT ASSUME ANY LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF THE APPLICATION OR USE OF ANY PRODUCT OR CIRCUIT DESCRIBED HEREIN; NEITHER DOES IT CONVEY ANY LICENSE UNDER ITS PATENT RIGHTS, NOR THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS. LIFE SUPPORT POLICY FAIRCHILD’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and (c) whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury of the user. 2. A critical component in any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. www.fairchildsemi.com 9/13/04 0.0m 001 Stock#DSxxxxxxxx 2002 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation