Catalyst CAT660 100ma cmos charge pump inverter/doubler Datasheet

H
EE
GEN FR
ALO
CAT660
100mA CMOS Charge Pump Inverter/Doubler
LE
A D F R E ETM
FEATURES
■ Replaces MAX660 and LTC®660
■ Low quiescent current
■ Converts V+ to V- or V+ to 2V+
■ Pin-compatible, high-current alternative to
■ Low output resistance, 4Ω typical
7660/1044
■ High power efficiency
■ Industrial temperature range
■ Selectable charge pump frequency
■ Available in 8-pin SOIC and DIP packages
- Lead-free, halogen-free package option
- 10kHz or 80kHz
- Optimize capacitor size
APPLICATIONS
■ Instrumentation
■ Negative voltage generator
■ Low EMI power source
■ Voltage doubler
■ GaAs FET biasing
■ Voltage splitter
■ Lithium battery power supply
■ LCD contrast bias
■ Cellular phones, pagers
DESCRIPTION
The CAT660 is a charge-pump voltage converter. It will
invert a 1.5V to 5.5V input to a -1.5V to -5.5V output. Only
two external capacitors are needed. With a guaranteed
100mA output current capability, the CAT660 can replace
a switching regulator and its inductor. Lower EMI is
achieved due to the absence of an inductor.
capacitor size trade-offs to be made. The 80kHz
frequency is selected when the FC pin is connected to
V+. The operating frequency can also be adjusted with
an external capacitor at the OSC pin or by driving OSC
with an external clock.
Both 8-pin DIP and SOIC packages are available in the
industrial temperature range.
In addition, the CAT660 can double a voltage supplied
from a battery or power supply. Inputs from 2.5V to 5.5V
will yield a doubled, 5V to 11V output voltage.
The CAT660 replaces the MAX660 and the LTC660.
In addition, the CAT660 is pin compatible with the 7660/
1044, offering an easy upgrade for applications with
100mA loads.
A Frequency Control pin (BOOST/FC) is provided to
select either a high (80kHz) or low (10kHz) internal
oscillator frequency, thus allowing quiescent current vs.
TYPICAL APPLICATION
+VIN
1.5V to 5.5V
1 BOOST/FC
2 CAP+
C1
+
CAT660
3 GND
4 CAP-
V+
8
OSC
7
LV
OUT
6
5
1 BOOST/FC
Inverted
Negative
Output
Voltage
C1
VIN = 2.5V to 5.5V
8
OSC
7
3 GND
LV
6
4 CAP-
OUT
5
2 CAP+
CAT660
POSITIVE
VOLTAGE DOUBLER
VOLTAGE INVERTER
© Catalyst Semiconductor, Inc.
Characteristics subject to change without notice
+
V+
Doubled
Positive
Output
Voltage
1
Doc. No. MD-5000, Rev. W
CAT660
PIN CONFIGURATION
SOIC 8-Lead (V)
PDIP 8-Lead (L)
8 V+
BOOST/FC 1
CAT
660
CAP+ 2
7 OSC
GND 3
6 LV
CAP- 4
5 OUT
(Top View)
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
Circuit Configuration
Pin Number
Name
1
Boost/FC
Inverter Mode
Frequency Control for the internal oscillator. With an external oscillator BOOST/FC
has no effect.
Boost/FC Oscillator Frequency
Doubler Mode
Same as inverter.
Oscillator Frequency
Open
10kHz typical, 5kHz minimum
10kHz typical
V+
80kHz typical, 40kHz minimum
80kHz typical, 40kHz minimum
2
CAP+
Charge pump capacitor. Positive terminal.
Same as inverter.
3
GND
Power supply ground.
Power supply. Positive voltage input.
4
CAP-
Charge pump capacitor. Negative terminal.
Same as inverter.
5
OUT
Output for negative voltage.
Power supply ground.
6
LV
Low-Voltage selection pin. When the input
voltage is less than 3V, connect LV to GND.
For input voltages above 3V, LV may be
connected to GND or left open. If OSC is
driven externally, connect LV to GND.
LV must be tied to OUT for all input
voltages.
7
OSC
Oscillator control input. An external capacitor
can be connected to lower the oscillator
frequency. An external oscillator can drive
OSC and set the chip operating frequency.
The charge-pump frequency is one-half the
frequency at OSC.
Same as inverter. Do not overdrive
OSC in doubling mode. Standard logic
levels will not be suitable. See the
applications section for additional
information.
8
V+
Power supply. Positive voltage input.
Positive voltage output.
ORDERING INFORMATION
Part Number
CAT660ELA
CAT660EVA
CAT660EVA-T3
Package
Quanity
PDIP, 8-lead
SOIC
SOIC
50/tube
100/tube
3,000/reel
Package
Marking
660ELA
660EVA
660EVA
Note: All packages are RoHS compliant.
Doc. No. MD-5000, Rev. W
2
CAT660
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
V+ to GND ............................................................. 6V
Storage Temperature ......................... -65°C to 160°C
Lead Soldering Temperature (10 sec) ............. 300°C
Input Voltage (Pins 1, 6 and 7) .. -0.3V to (V+ + 0.3V)
Note: TA = Ambient Temperature
BOOST/FC and OSC Input Voltage ........... The least
negative of (Out - 0.3V) or (V+ - 6V) to (V+ + 0.3V)
These are stress ratings only and functional operation is not
implied. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings for prolongued
time periods may affect device reliability. All voltages are with
respect to ground.
Output Short-circuit Duration to GND .............. 1 sec.
(OUT may be shorted to GND for 1 sec without damage but
shorting OUT to V+ should be avoided.)
Operating Ambient Temperature Range
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = 70°C)
Plastic DIP ................................................ 730mW
CAT660E .............. -40°C to 85°C
SOIC ......................................................... 500mW
TDFN ............................................................... 1W
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
V+ = 5V, C1 = C2 = 150µF, Boost/FC = Open, COSC = 0pF, inverter mode with test circuit as shown in Figure 1 unless
otherwise noted. Temperature is over operating ambient temperature range unless otherwise noted.
Parameter
Supply Voltage
Supply Current
Output Current
Output Resistance
Symbol
VS
IS
IOUT
RO
Conditions
Min
Inverter: LV = Open. RL = 1kΩ
Typ
Max
Units
3.0
5.5
V
Inverter: LV = GND. RL = 1kΩ
1.5
5.5
Doubler: LV = OUT. RL = 1kΩ
2.5
5.5
BOOST/FC = open, LV = Open
0.09
0.5
BOOST/FC = V+ , LV = Open
0.3
3
OUT is more negative than -4V
100
IL = 100mA, C1 = C2 = 150 µF (Note 2)
mA
4
7
BOOST/FC = V+ (C1, C2 ESR ≤ 0.5Ω)
Ω
IL = 100mA, C1 = C2 = 10 µF
12
Oscillator Frequency FOSC
BOOST/FC = Open
5
10
(Note 3)
BOOST/FC = V+
40
80
OSC Input Current
Power Efficiency
IOSC
PE
kHz
±1
±5
µA
96
98
%
92
96
BOOST/FC = Open
BOOST/FC = V+
RL = 1kΩ connected between V+ and
mA
OUT, TA = 25°C (Doubler)
RL = 500Ω connected between GND and
OUT, TA = 25°C (Inverter)
IL = 100mA to GND, TA = 25°C (Inverter)
Voltage Conversion
VEFF
No load, TA = 25°C
88
99
99.9
%
Efficiency
Note 1. In Figure 1, test circuit capacitors C1 and C2 are 150µF and have 0.2Ω maximum ESR. Higher ESR levels may reduce efficiency and output
voltage.
Note 2. The output resistance is a combination of the internal switch resistance and the external capacitor ESR. For maximum voltage and efficiency
keep external capacitor ESR under 0.2Ω.
Note 3. FOSC is tested with COSC = 100pF to minimize test fixture loading. The test is correlated back to COSC=0pF to simulate the capacitance
at OSC when the device is inserted into a test socket without an external COSC.
3
Doc. No. MD-5000, Rev. W
CAT660
Figure 1. Test Circuit
1
V+
2
+
C1
150µF
3
4
BOOST/FC
CAP+
V+
OSC
CAT660
GND
LV
CAP-
OUT
IS
8
7
V+
5V
External
Oscillator
6
COSC
5
RL
IL
VOUT
Voltage Inverter
C2
+ 150µF
TYPICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
Typical characteristic curves are generated using the test circuit in Figure 1. Inverter test conditions are: V+=5V, LV
= GND, BOOST/FC = Open and TA = 25˚C unless otherwise indicated. Note that the charge-pump frequency is onehalf the oscillator frequency.
Supply Current vs. Temperature (no load)
150
120
120
100
INPUT CURRENT [ A]
INPUT CURRENT [ A] .
Supply Current vs. Input Voltage
No Load
90
60
30
0
80
60
VIN = 3V
40
VIN = 2V
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
INPUT VOLTAGE [V]
6
-50 -25
0
25
50
75
100 125
Output Resistance vs. Temperature (50Ω load)
Output Resistance vs. Input Voltage
10
8
8
7
OUTPUT RESISTANCE [ ] .
VIN = 5V
6
6
100
VIN = 2V
Load
5
VIN = 3V
4
4
VIN = 5V
3
2
2
0
1
2
Doc. No. MD-5000, Rev. W
3
4
5
INPUT VOLTAGE [V]
-50
6
4
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
CAT660
TYPICAL OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
Output Voltage Drop vs. Load Current
1.0
5.0
OUTPUT VOLTAGE [V]
INV. OUTPUT VOLTAGE [V] .
Inverted Output Voltage vs. Load, V+ = 5V
4.8
4.6
4.4
4.2
0.8
0.6
V+ = 3V
0.4
0.2
V+ = 5V
0.0
4.0
0
20
40
60
80
0
100
60
80
100
Oscillator Frequency vs. Supply Voltage
Oscillator Frequency vs. Supply Voltage
200
LV = OPEN
FREQUENCY [kHz]
FREQUENCY [kHz] .
40
LOAD CURRENT [mA]
LOAD CURRENT [mA]
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
20
LV = GND
150
LV = GND
100
LV = OPEN
50
BOOST = OPEN
BOOST = +V
0
2
3
4
5
SUPPLY VOLTAGE [V]
6
2
3
4
5
SUPPLY VOLTAGE [V]
6
Supply Current vs. Oscillator Frequency
INPUT CURRENT [uA]
10000
No Load
1000
V+ = 5V
100
10
1
10
100
1000
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY [kHz]
5
Doc. No. MD-5000, Rev. W
CAT660
The 1/FC1 term can be modeled as an equivalent
impedance REQ. A simple equivalent circuit is shown in
figure 3. This circuit does not include the switch
resistance nor does it include output voltage ripple. It
does allow one to understand the switch-capacitor
topology and make prudent engineering tradeoffs.
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Circuit Description and Operating Theory
The CAT660 switches capacitors to invert or double an
input voltage.
Figure 2 shows a simple switch capacitor circuit. In
position 1 capacitor C1 is charged to voltage V1. The
total charge on C1 is Q1 = C1V1. When the switch
moves to position 2, the input capacitor C1 is discharged
to voltage V2. After discharge, the charge on C1 is Q2 =
C1V2.
For example, power conversion efficiency is set by the
output impedance, which consists of REQ and switch
resistance. As switching frequency is decreased, REQ,
the 1/FC1 term, will dominate the output impedance,
causing higher voltage losses and decreased efficiency.
As the frequency is increased quiescent current
increases. At high frequency this current becomes
significant and the power efficiency degrades.
The charge transferred is:
∆Q = Q1 - Q2 = C1 × (V1 - V2)
The oscillator is designed to operate where voltage
losses are a minimum. With external 150µF capacitors,
the internal switch resistances and the Equivalent Series
Resistance (ESR) of the external capacitors determine
the effective output impedance.
If the switch is cycled "F" times per second, the current
(charge transfer per unit time) is:
I = F × ∆Q = F × C1 (V1 - V2)
Rearranging in terms of impedance:
(V1-V2)
I=
=
(1/FC1)
A block diagram of the CAT660 is shown in figure 4. The
CAT660 is a replacement for the MAX660 and the
LTC660.
V1-V2
REQ
Figure 2. Switched-Capacitor Building Block
V1
Figure 3. Switched-Capacitor Equivalent Circuit
REQ
V2
C1
C2
V1
V2
RL
C2
REQ = 1
FC1
Doc. No. MD-5000, Rev. W
6
RL
CAT660
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY CONTROL
The switching frequency can be raised, lowered or driven from an external source. Figure 5 shows a functional diagram
of the oscillator circuit.
The CAT660 oscillator has four control modes:
BOOST/FC Pin Connection
OSC Pin Connection
Nominal Oscillator Frequency
Open
Open
10kHz
BOOST/FC= V+
Open
80kHz
Open or BOOST/FC= V+
External Capacitor
—
Open
External Clock
Frequency of external clock
If BOOST/FC and OSC are left floating (Open), the
nominal oscillator frequency is 10kHz. The pump
frequency is one-half the oscillator frequency.
an external capacitor at OSC, the operating frequency
can be set.
Note that the frequency appearing at CAP+ or CAP- is
one-half that of the oscillator.
By connecting the BOOST/FC pin to V+, the charge and
discharge currents are increased, and the frequency is
increased by approximately 8 times. Increasing the
frequency will decrease the output impedance and ripple
currents. This can be an advantage at high load currents.
Increasing the frequency raises quiescent current but
allows smaller capacitance values for C1 and C2.
Driving the CAT660 from an external frequency source
can be easily achieved by driving Pin 7 and leaving the
BOOST pin open, as shown in Figure 6. The output
current from Pin 7 is small, typically 1µA to 8µA, so a
CMOS can drive the OSC pin. For 5V applications, a TTL
logic gate can be used if an external 100kΩ pull-up
resistor is used as shown in figure 6.
If pin 7, OSC, is loaded with an external capacitor the
frequency is lowered. By using the BOOST/FC pin and
Figure 4. CAT660 Block Diagram
V+
(8)
SW1
BOOST/FC
Ο
8x
(1)
CAP+
(2)
SW2
+
C1
OSC
2
CAP(4)
Ο
OSC
(7)
VOUT
(5)
C2
+
LV
(6)
CLOSED WHEN
V+ > 3.0V
GND
(3)
(N) = Pin Number
7
Doc. No. MD-5000, Rev. W
CAT660
CAPACITOR SELECTION
Low ESR capacitors are necessary to minimize voltage
losses, especially at high load currents. The exact
values of C1 and C2 are not critical but low ESR
capacitors are necessary.
Output voltage ripple is determined by the value of C2
and the load current. C2 is charged and discharged at a
current roughly equal to the load current. The internal
switching frequency is one-half the oscillator frequency.
The ESR of capacitor C1, the pump capacitor, can have
a pronounced effect on the output. C1 currents are
approximately twice the output current and losses occur
on both the charge and discharge cycle. The ESR
effects are thus multiplied by four. A 0.5Ω ESR for C1 will
have the same effect as a 2Ω increase in CAT660 output
impedance.
VRIPPLE = IOUT/(FOSC x C2) + IOUT x ESRC2
For example, with a 10kHz oscillator frequency (5kHz
switching frequency), a 150µF C2 capacitor with an ESR
of 0.2Ω and a 100mA load peak-to-peak ripple voltage is
87mV.
VRIPPLE vs. FOSC
VRIPPLE (mV)
IOUT (mA)
FOSC (kHz)
C2 (µF)
C2 ESR (Ω)
87
100
10
150
0.2
28
100
80
150
0.2
Figure 5. Oscillator
Figure 6. External Clocking
V+
7.0 I
V+
I
REQUIRED FOR TTL LOGIC
BOOST/FC
(1)
NC
1
2
+
C1
OSC
(7)
4
~18pF
7.0 I
CAP+
CAT660
V+
OSC
GND
LV
CAP-
OUT
8
100k
7
OSC INPUT
6
5
-V+
+
I
LV
(6)
Doc. No. MD-5000, Rev. W
3
BOOST/FC
8
C2
CAT660
CAPACITOR SUPPLIERS
The following manufacturers supply low-ESR capacitors:
Manufacturer
Capacitor Type
Phone
WEB
Email
Comments
AVX/Kyocera
TPS/TPS3
843-448-9411
www.avxcorp.com
[email protected]
Tantalum
Vishay/Sprague 595
402-563-6866
www.vishay.com
—
Aluminum
Sanyo
MV-AX, UGX
619-661-6835
www.sanyo.com
Nichicon
F55
847-843-7500
www.nichicon-us.com
HC/HD
[email protected] Aluminum
—
Tantalum
Aluminum
Capacitor manufacturers continually introduce new series and offer different package styles. It is recommended
that before a design is finalized capacitor manufacturers should be surveyed for their latest product offerings.
CONTROLLING LOSS IN CAT660 APPLICATIONS
There are three primary sources of voltage loss:
The effective output impedance of a CAT660 circuit is
approximately:
1. Output resistance
VLOSSΩ = ILOAD x ROUT, where ROUT is
the CAT660 output resistance and ILOAD is
the load current.
2. Charge pump (C1) capacitor ESR:
VLOSSC1 ≈ 4 x ESRC1 x ILOAD, where
ESRC1 is the ESR of capacitor C1.
3. Output or reservoir (C2) capacitor ESR:
VLOSSC2 = ESRC2 x ILOAD, where ESRC2
is the ESR of capacitor C2.
Rcircuit ≈ Rout 660 + (4 x ESRC1) + ESRC2
Increasing the value of C2 and/or decreasing its ESR will
reduce noise and ripple.
9
Doc. No. MD-5000, Rev. W
CAT660
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
VOLTAGE INVERSION POSITIVE-TO-NEGATIVE
The CAT660 easily provides a negative supply voltage from a positive supply in the system. Figure 7 shows a typical
circuit. The LV pin may be left floating for positive input voltages at or above 3.3V.
1
NC
2
+
3
C1
4
V+
BOOST/FC
OSC
CAP+
CAT660
GND
LV
CAP-
OUT
8
VIN
7
1.5V to 5.5V
6
5
+
VOUT = -VIN
C2
Figure 7: Voltage Inverter
POSITIVE VOLTAGE DOUBLER
The voltage doubler circuit shown in figure 8 gives VOUT = 2 x VIN for input voltages from 2.5V to 5.5V.
1N5817*
1
+
2
3
VIN
2.5V to 5.5V
4
BOOST/FC
V+
OSC
CAP+
CAT660
GND
LV
CAP-
OUT
8
7
6
5
*SCHOTTKY DIODE IS FOR START-UP ONLY
Figure 8: Voltage Doubler
Doc. No. MD-5000, Rev. W
10
+
VOUT = 2VIN
CAT660
PRECISION VOLTAGE DIVIDER
A precision voltage divider is shown in figure 9. With very light load currents under 100nA, the voltage at pin 2 will be
within 0.002% of V+/2 . Output voltage accuracy decreases with increasing load.
1
2
+
V+ + 0.002%
2
IL < 100nA
BOOST/FC
V+
OSC
CAP+
CAT660
8
7
3
GND
LV
6
4
CAP-
OUT
5
V+
3V to 11V
+
Figure 9: Precision Voltage Divider (Load ≤ 100nA)
BATTERY VOLTAGE SPLITTER
Positive and negative voltages that track each other can be obtained from a battery. Figure 10 shows how a 9V battery
can provide symmetrical positive and negative voltages equal to one-half the battery voltage.
BATTERY
9V
3V < VBAT < 11V
1
VBAT
2
C1
150µF
+
BOOST/FC
V+
OSC
CAP+
CAT660
8
7
3
GND
LV
6
4
CAP-
OUT
5
V
+ BAT (4.5V)
2
-
VBAT
(-4.5V)
2
C2
+ 150µF
Figure 10: Battery Splitter
11
Doc. No. MD-5000, Rev. W
CAT660
CASCADE OPERATION FOR HIGHER NEGATIVE VOLTAGES
The CAT660 can be cascaded as shown in figure 11 to generate more negative voltage levels. The output resistance
is approximately the sum of the individual CAT660 output resistance.
VOUT= -N x VIN, where N represents the number of cascaded devices.
+VIN
8
2
C1
+
8
2
CAT660
3
"1"
+
C1
3
5
4
CAT660
"N"
5
4
+
+
C2
VOUT = -NVIN
C2
Figure 11: Cascading to Increase Output Voltage
PARALLEL OPERATION
Paralleling CAT660 devices will lower output resistance. As shown in figure 12, each device requires its own pump
capacitor, C2, but the output reservoir capacitor is shared with all devices. The value of C2 should be increased by
a factor of N, where N is the number of devices.
The output impedance of the combined CAT660's is:
ROUT(Of "N" CAT660’s)=
ROUT (Of the CAT660)
N (Number of devices)
+VIN
8
2
C1
+
3
4
8
2
CAT660
"1"
+
C1
5
3
4
CAT660
"N"
5
+
Figure 12: Paralleling Devices Reduce Output Resistance
Doc. No. MD-5000, Rev. W
12
C2
CAT660
PACKAGE OUTLINE DRAWINGS
SOIC 8-Lead 150mils (V)
E1
E
SYMBOL
MIN
A
1.35
A1
0.10
0.25
b
0.33
0.51
MAX
1.75
c
0.19
0.25
D
4.80
5.00
E
5.80
6.20
E1
3.80
e
PIN # 1
IDENTIFICATION
NOM
4.00
1.27 BSC
h
0.25
0.50
L
0.40
1.27
θ
0º
8º
TOP VIEW
D
h
A1
θ
A
c
e
b
L
SIDE VIEW
END VIEW
For current Tape and Reel information, download the PDF file from:
http://www.catsemi.com/documents/tapeandreel.pdf.
Notes:
1. Al dimensions are in millimeters. Angles in degrees.
2. Complies with JEDEC standard MS-012.
13
Doc. No. MD-5000, Rev. W
CAT660
PDIP 8-Lead 300mils (L)
SYMBOL
MIN
NOM
A
E1
5.33
A1
0.38
A2
2.92
3.30
4.95
b
0.36
0.46
0.56
b2
1.14
1.52
1.78
c
0.20
0.25
0.36
D
9.02
9.27
10.16
E
7.62
7.87
8.25
e
PIN # 1
IDENTIFICATION
MAX
2.54 BSC
E1
6.10
eB
7.87
L
2.92
6.35
7.11
10.92
3.30
3.80
D
TOP VIEW
E
A2
A
A1
c
b2
L
e
eB
b
SIDE VIEW
END VIEW
For current Tape and Reel information, download the PDF file from:
http://www.catsemi.com/documents/tapeandreel.pdf.
Notes:
1. Al dimensions are in millimeters. Angles in degrees.
2. Complies with JEDEC standard MS-001.
Doc. No. MD-5000, Rev. W
14
CAT660
EXAMPLE OF ORDERING INFORMATION
Prefix
CAT
Optional
Company ID
Device #
Suffix
660
Product
Number
660
EVA
Package
ELA: PDIP
EVA: SOIC
T3
Tape & Reel
T: Tape & Reel
3: 3000/Reel
Notes:
(1) All packages are RoHS-compliant (Lead-free, Halogen-free).
(2) The standard lead finish is Matte-Tin.
(3) The device used in the above example is a CAT660EVA-T3 (SOIC, Tape & Reel).
15
Doc. No. MD-5000, Rev. W
REVISION HISTORY
Date
10/6/2003
Rev.
R
Reason
Updated Typical Operating Characteristics data plots
10/7/2003
S
Updated Electrical Characteristics - Output Resistance
and Supply Current
Updated Typical Operating Characteristics data plots
10/15/2003
T
Updated Description - eliminated Commercial temp range
Updated ordering information - eliminated Commercial temp range
Updated operating ambient temperature ranges
1/20/2005
U
Changed ordering information for CAT660EXA to CAT660EVA
Changed ordering information for CAT660EXA-TE13 to CAT660EVA-TE13
04/22/2005
V
Removed Preliminary Information from data sheet header
11/16/2007
W
Update Features and Description
Update Package Outline Drawings and remove TDFN
Add Example of Ordering Information
Add Ordering Part Number
Add "MD-" to document number
Copyrights, Trademarks and Patents
© Catalyst Semiconductor, Inc.
Trademarks and registered trademarks of Catalyst Semiconductor include each of the following:
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Publication #:
Revison:
Issue date:
MD-5000
W
11/16/07