CONEXANT CX25870 Video encoder with adaptive flicker filtering and hdtv output Datasheet

CX25870/871
Video Encoder with Adaptive Flicker Filtering and HDTV Output
Conexant’s CX25870/871 is specifically designed to meet TV out system requirements
for the next-generation desktop PCs, notebook PCs, game consoles and set-top boxes.
With pin and software-forward compatibility to the Bt868/869, manufacturers can
quickly bring to market new solutions that support adaptive flicker filtering, ATSC
High-Definition Television (HDTV) output, and resolutions from 320 x 200 (minimum) to
1024 x 768 (maximum).
Adaptive flicker filtering is a Conexant technology in which the encoder looks at the
characteristics of the video content on a pixel-by-pixel basis and automatically
determines the optimal amount of flicker filtering required. If an end-user wants to work
on a spreadsheet while watching a DVD movie in a window, both the text-intensive
application requiring a lot of flicker filtering and the DVD movie requiring very little
flicker filtering can look their best. The amount of flicker filtering and overscan
compensation is entirely flexible.
The CX25870/871 also provides a 3-wire analog RGB or YPRPB HDTV output. While
the encoder is in HDTV output mode, the device will automatically insert horizontal
tri-level synchronization pulses and vertical synchronization broad pulses. The
CX25870/871 is compliant with the EIA770-3, SMPTE 274M/293M/296M standards and
supports ATSC HDTV resolutions including 480p, 720p, and 1080i.
All worldwide standard definition outputs are supported, including NTSC-M (N.
America, Taiwan), NTSC-J (Japan), PAL-B,D,G,H,I (Europe, Asia), PAL-M (Brazil), PAL-N
(Uruguay, Paraguay), PAL-Nc (Argentina), PAL-60 (China) and SECAM. The CX25870
and CX25871 are functionally identical, except the CX25871 can output standard
definition video with Macrovision Level 7.1.L1 copy protection capability.
Functional Block Diagram
24
P[23:0]
HSYNC*
VSYNC*
BLANK*
FIELD
SIC
SID
ALTADDR
Input
DEMUX
Color
Space
Conversion
#1
Flicker
Filter/
Scaler
•
•
•
•
•
COMP
VREF
Serial
Interface
Video
Encoder
DAC
MUX
Color
Space
Conversion
#2
To Internal
Clocks
PLL
10-Bit
DACA
10-Bit
DACB
10-Bit
DACC
10-Bit
DACD
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
VBIAS
XTALIN
XTALOUT
•
•
Internal
Reference
XTAL
OSC
•
FIFO
FSADJUST
PAL
•
•
Timing
RESET*
SLEEP
SLAVE
Distinguishing Features
Clock
Generation
BIAS
GEN
CLKO
CLKI
•
•
•
•
XTL_BFO
•
Data Sheet
HDTV Output Mode (patents pending)
– Compliant with EIA770-3 and
SMPTE274M/293M/296M
standards
– Automatic tri-level sync generation
– Component (YPRPB) or RGB HDTV
outputs
– Direct YPRPB or RGB output from
progressive RGB graphics video in
1080i, 720p, 480p ATSC
resolutions
Software and register
forward-compatibility with the
Bt868/869
Ability to accept many different input
data formats:
– 15/16/24-bit RGB multiplexed or
nonmultiplexed
– 16-bit 4:2:2 and 24-bit 4:4:4 YCrCb
multiplexed or nonmultiplexed
– Flexible pixel ordering with various
alternate formats
Worldwide video output support:
NTSC-M, J, 4.43, PAL-B, D, G, H, I, M,
N, Nc, 60, and SECAM
Interlaced and noninterlaced outputs
S-Video output (simultaneous with
composite NTSC, PAL, or SECAM)
SCART RGB or Y/C output for Europe
– 4th DAC is composite video
– EN50-049 and IEC 933-1 compliant
5-Line vertical filtering scaling for
overscan compensation and flicker
reduction
Adaptive Flicker Filtering for enhanced
image and peaking filters for text
sharpness (patents pending)
CCIR601/ITU-RBT.601 (i.e., 480i) and
CCIR656 compatible input modes
Luma and chroma comb filtering
4 x 10-bit DACs
Programmable power management
Master, pseudo-master or slave timing
operation
Auto detection of TV
44 autoconfiguration modes
Wide-Screen Signaling (WSS) support
for variable clock rates
– Adheres to EIAJ CPR-1024 and
ITU-R TST.1119-1 standards
Full register set readback capability
3.3 V operation with scalable low
voltage graphic controller interface
from 1.8 V to 1.1 V
Buffered crystal clock output pin
Component YUV analog output
Colorstream TM (EIA 770.2) and Super
Colorstream TM component video
outputs
Macrovision 7.1.L1 copy protection
(CX25871)
Compact 80-pin PQFP package
100381B
September 2001
100381B
Conexant
Ordering Information
Model Number
Package
Ambient Temperature Range
CX25870
80-pin PQFP
0 °C – 70 °C
CX25871(1)
80-pin PQFP
0 °C – 70 °C
NOTE(S):
1. Macrovision 7.1.L1 compliant (customer must possess Macrovision license to purchase CX25871).
© 2001, Conexant Systems, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
Information in this document is provided in connection with Conexant Systems, Inc. (“Conexant”) products. These materials are
provided by Conexant as a service to its customers and may be used for informational purposes only. Conexant assumes no
responsibility for errors or omissions in these materials. Conexant may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at
any time, without notice. Conexant makes no commitment to update the information and shall have no responsibility whatsoever for
conflicts or incompatibilities arising from future changes to its specifications and product descriptions.
No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. Except as
provided in Conexant’s Terms and Conditions of Sale for such products, Conexant assumes no liability whatsoever.
THESE MATERIALS ARE PROVIDED “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, RELATING
TO SALE AND/OR USE OF CONEXANT PRODUCTS INCLUDING LIABILITY OR WARRANTIES RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE, CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY
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ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE INFORMATION, TEXT, GRAPHICS OR OTHER ITEMS CONTAINED WITHIN THESE
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DAMAGES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOST REVENUES OR LOST PROFITS, WHICH MAY RESULT FROM THE USE
OF THESE MATERIALS.
Conexant products are not intended for use in medical, lifesaving or life sustaining applications. Conexant customers using or selling
Conexant products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Conexant for any damages
resulting from such improper use or sale.
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For additional disclaimer information, please consult Conexant’s Legal Information posted at www.conexant.com, which is
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Reader Response: Conexant strives to produce quality documentation and welcomes your feedback. Please send comments and
suggestions to [email protected]. For technical questions, contact your local Conexant sales office or field applications
engineer.
100381B
Conexant
100381B
Conexant
Table of Contents
List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
List of Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
1.0
Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.1
Pin Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.2
GUI Controller Programmability and Frequency Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
1.3
Device Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.3
1.3.4
1.3.5
1.3.6
1.3.7
1.3.8
1.3.9
1.3.10
1.3.11
1.3.12
1.3.13
1.3.14
1.3.15
1.3.16
1.3.17
1.3.18
1.3.19
1.3.20
1.3.21
100381B
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
Serial Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
Low Voltage Graphics Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
Device Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
Clocking and Timing Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13
1.3.6.1
3:2 Clocking Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14
Master, Pseudo-Master, and Slave Interfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17
1.3.7.1
Master Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17
1.3.7.2
Reason for BLANK* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18
1.3.7.3
Pseudo-Master Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18
1.3.7.4
Slave Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19
1.3.7.5
Slave Interface Without a Crystal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20
Autoconfiguration and Interface Bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21
Adaptations for Clock-Limited Master Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-25
Input Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26
Input Pixel Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-27
YCrCb Inputs (For Standard TV Outputs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-27
RGB Inputs (For Standard TV Outputs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-29
Input Pixel Horizontal Sync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-29
Input Pixel Vertical Sync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30
Input Pixel Blanking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30
Overscan Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31
Standard Flicker Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-35
Adaptive Flicker Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-36
VGA Registers Involved in the TV Out Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-39
Output Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-40
Conexant
v
CX25870/871
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3.22
1.3.23
1.3.24
1.3.25
1.3.26
1.3.27
1.3.28
1.3.29
1.3.30
1.3.31
1.3.32
1.3.33
1.3.34
1.3.35
1.3.36
1.3.37
1.3.38
1.3.39
1.3.40
1.3.41
1.3.42
1.3.43
1.3.44
1.3.45
1.3.46
1.3.47
2.0
3.0
Internal Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.1
Essential Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2.2
Device Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2.3
Writing Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2.4
Reading Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
PC Board Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
3.1
Component Placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
3.2
Power and Ground Planes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
3.3
Recommended Schematics and Layout for CX25870/871 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
3.4
Decoupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.4.3
vi
Analog Horizontal Sync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-40
Analog Vertical Sync. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-41
Analog Video Blanking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-41
Video Output Standards Supported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-41
Subcarrier Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-51
Subcarrier Phase Reset/Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-51
Burst Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-52
Video Amplitude Scaling and SINX/X Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-52
Chrominance Disable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-52
FIELD Pin Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-53
Buffered Crystal Clock Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-55
Noninterlaced Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-55
Closed Captioning (CC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-56
Wide Screen Signaling (WSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-57
Chrominance and Luminance Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-58
Color Bar and Blue Field Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-61
CCIR656 Mode Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-63
CCIR601 Mode Operation for DVD Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-65
1.3.39.1 CCIR601 Data In/NTSC Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-65
1.3.39.2 CCIR601 Data In/PAL Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-66
1.3.39.3 VGA- Compatible RGB Data In/NTSC Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-66
SECAM Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-68
Macrovision Copy Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-74
HDTV Output Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-75
SCART Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-75
Interlaced Standard Definition Analog Component Video TV Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-79
VGA(RGB)—DAC Output Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-84
TV Auto-Detection Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-87
Sleep/Power Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-89
Device Decoupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
Power Supply Decoupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
COMP Decoupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
3.4.4
3.4.5
3.5
Signal Interconnect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
3.5.1
3.5.2
3.6
Digital Signal Interconnect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
Analog Signal Interconnect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
Applications Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
3.6.1
3.6.2
3.6.3
3.6.4
3.6.5
3.6.6
Changes Required to Accommodate CX25870/871 in Bt868/869-Designs . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
3.6.1.1
Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
3.6.1.2
Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12
Programmable Video Adjustment Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
3.6.2.1
Contrast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
3.6.2.2
Saturation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16
3.6.2.3
Brightness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16
3.6.2.4
Hue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
3.6.2.5
Sharpness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
3.6.2.6
Dot Crawl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
3.6.2.7
Standard and Adaptive Flicker Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18
3.6.2.8
Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20
3.6.2.9
Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21
System Block Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-26
Electrostatic Discharge and Latchup Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27
Clock and Subcarrier Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28
Filtering Radio Frequency Modulator Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-29
3.7
CX870EVK Evaluation Kit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-31
3.8
Serial Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33
3.8.1
4.0
VREF Decoupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
VBIAS Decoupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
Data Transfer on the Serial Interface Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33
Parametric Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
4.1
DC Electrical Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
4.2
AC Electrical Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
4.3
Mechanical Drawing for 80-Pin PQFP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
Appendix A. Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
Appendix B. Approved Crystal Vendors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
Appendix C. Autoconfiguration Mode Register Values and Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1
Appendix D. Closed Caption Pseudo Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1
Appendix E. CX25870/871 HDTV Output Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1
E.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1
E.1.1
E.1.2
100381B
Allowable Interfaces for HDTV Output Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1
Interface Bit Functionality in HDTV Output Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-3
Conexant
vii
CX25870/871
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
E.1.3
E.1.4
E.1.5
E.1.6
E.1.7
E.1.8
E.1.9
E.1.10
viii
Interface Timing Between the HDTV Source Device (Master) and CX25870/ CX25871 (Timing
Slave) E-3
Automatic Trilevel Sync Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-5
Allowable Resolutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-7
720p Support with Character Clock Based Data Masters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-8
Automatic Insertion of Broad Pulses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-9
HDTV Output Mode Register and Bit Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-9
Color Space Conversion Functionality to Support Analog RGB or YPBPR Component Video
Outputs E-11
Timing Diagrams for HDTV Output Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-11
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
List of Figures
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
List of Figures
Figure 1-1.
Figure 1-2.
Figure 1-3.
Figure 1-4.
Figure 1-5.
Figure 1-6.
Figure 1-7.
Figure 1-8.
Figure 1-9.
Figure 1-10.
Figure 1-11.
Figure 1-12.
Figure 1-13.
Figure 1-14.
Figure 1-15.
Figure 1-16.
Figure 1-17.
Figure 1-18.
Figure 1-19.
Figure 1-20.
Figure 1-21.
Figure 1-22.
Figure 1-23.
Figure 1-24.
Figure 1-25.
Figure 1-26.
Figure 1-27.
Figure 1-28.
Figure 1-29.
Figure 1-30.
Figure 1-31.
Figure 1-32.
Figure 1-33.
Figure 1-34.
Figure 1-35.
Figure 1-36.
100381B
Pinout Diagram for CX25870/871 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Flicker Filter Control Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
CX25870/871 Encoder Core Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
Allowable Overscan Compensation Ratios for Dual Display, 800x600 Input/NTSC Output 1-15
Operating the CX25870/871 in Master Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17
Operating the CX25870/871 in Pseudo-Master Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18
Operating the CX25870/871 in Slave Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19
Decimation Filter at Fs=27 MHz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28
Windows Desktop Image From Encoder Without Overscan Compensation. . . . . . . . . . . . 1-33
Windows Desktop Image From CX25870 With Overscan Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-34
Interlaced 525-Line (NTSC) Video Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-43
Interlaced 525-Line (PAL-M) Video Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-44
Interlaced 625-Line (PAL-B, D, G, H, I, Nc) Video Timing (Fields 1–4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-45
Interlaced 625-Line (PAL-B, D, G, H, I, Nc) Video Timing (Fields 5–8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-46
Interlaced 625-Line (PAL-N) Video Timing (Fields 1–4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-47
Interlaced 625-Line (PAL-N) Video Timing (Fields 5–8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-48
Noninterlaced 262-Line (NTSC) Video Timing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-49
Noninterlaced 262-Line (PAL-M) Video Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-49
Noninterlaced 312-Line (PAL-B, D, G, H, I, N, Nc) Video Timing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-49
Interlaced 625-Line (SECAM-B, D, G, K, K1, L, M) Video Timing (Fields 1-4) . . . . . . . . . . 1-50
FIELD Pin Output Timing Diagram (NTSC-M, J, 4.43). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-53
FIELD Pin Output Timing Diagram (PAL-B, D, G, H, I, Nc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-54
Typical WSS Analog Waveform (NTSC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-57
Luminance Upsampling Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-59
Text Sharpness (Luminance Upsampling) Filter with Peaking Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-59
Close-Up of Text Sharpness (Luminance Upsampling )Filter with Peaking and Reduction Options 1-59
Text Sharpness (Luminance Peaking) Filter Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-60
Chrominance Filter (CHROMA_BW = 0) - default . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-60
Chrominance Wide Bandwidth Filter (CHROMA_BW = 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-60
SECAM High Frequency Pre-emphasis Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-61
Composite and S-Video Format (Internal Colorbars). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-62
CX25870/871 Connection to CCIR656-Compatible Master Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-63
DVD Playback Utilizing Graphics Controller for Color-Space and Progressive Scan Conversion
1-67
CX25870 Driving a Type I SCART Connector (EN 50-049 and IEC 933-1 Compliant) . . . . 1-78
CX25870 Driving a Type II SCART Connector (Y/C and BBC SCART Compliant). . . . . . . . 1-79
YPR PB Component Video Signals using 100/0/100/0 Color Bars as the Digital Input Signal
(Courtesy– EIA-770.2-A standard, page 8 and EIA-770.1 standard) 1-81
Conexant
ix
CX25870/871
List of Figures
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Figure 1-37.
Figure 3-1.
Figure 3-2.
Figure 3-3.
Figure 3-4.
Figure 3-5.
Figure 3-6.
Figure 3-7.
Figure 3-8.
Figure 3-9.
Figure 3-10.
Figure 3-11.
Figure 3-12.
Figure 3-13.
Figure 3-14.
Figure 3-15.
Figure 3-16.
Figure 4-1.
Figure 4-2.
Figure 4-3.
Figure 4-4.
Figure 4-5.
Figure 4-6.
Figure 4-7.
Figure 4-8.
Figure 4-9.
Figure 4-10.
Figure 4-11.
Figure A-1.
Figure A-2.
Figure A-3.
Figure A-4.
x
Filterless DAC Outputs for VGA (RGB)—DAC Output Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-86
Power Plane Illustration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Connection Diagram for Output Filters and Other Key Passive Components/Standard Definition
TV Out Only 3-3
Connection Diagram for Output Filters and Other Key Passive Components/Standard and HDTV
Out 3-4
CX25870/871 3.3 V Recommended Layout for Connection with 3.3 V Master Device
Standard Definition TV Out Only 3-6
CX25870/871 3.3 V/1.8 V Recommended Layout for Connection with 1.8 V Master Device
Standard Definition TV Out Only 3-7
Conexant Recommended GUI for CX25870/871 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
CX25870/871 Autoconfiguration Modes for 640x480 RGB in, NTSC Out Desktop Resolutions
3-22
CX25870/871 Autoconfiguration Modes for 40x480 RGB In, PAL-BDGHI Out Desktop Resolutions 3-22
CX25870/871 Autoconfiguration Modes for 800 x 600 RGB In, NTSC Out Desktop Resolutions
3-23
CX25870/871 Autoconfiguration Modes for 800 x 600 RGB In, PAL-BDGHI Out Desktop Resolutions 3-23
CX25870/871 Autoconfiguration Modes for 1024 x 768 RGB In, NTSC Out Desktop Resolutions
3-24
CX25870/871 Autoconfiguration Modes for 1024 x 768 RGB In, PAL-BDGHI Out Desktop Resolutions 3-24
Direction-less Size Control Pad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-25
System Block Diagram for Desktop/Portable PC with TV Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-26
System Block Diagram for Graphics Card with TV Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27
SID/SIC Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-34
Timing Details for All Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
Master Interface Timing Relationship/Noninterlaced RGB/YCrCb Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
Pseudo-Master Interface Timing Relationship – Active Line/Noninterlaced RGB Input . . . . 4-9
Pseudo-Master Timing Relationship Blank Line/Noninterlaced RGB/YCrCb Input. . . . . . . 4-10
Slave Interface Timing Relationship/Noninterlaced RGB/YCrCb Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
Slave Interface Timing Relationship/Interlaced Nonmultiplexed RGB Input (FLD_MODE = 10 –
Default) 4-12
Slave Interface Timing Relationship/Interlaced Nonmultiplexed YCrCb Input (FLD_MODE = 01)
4-13
Slave Interface Timing Relationship/Interlaced Nonmultiplexed YCrCb Input (FLD_MODE = 00)
4-14
HDTV Output Horizontal Timing Details: 1080i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15
HDTV Output Horizontal Timing Details: 720p. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16
80-Pin PQFP Package Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
Allowable Overscan Compensation Ratios for Dual Display, 640x480 Input, NTSC Output with
20 Clock HBlank Period A-4
Allowable Overscan Compensation Ratios for Dual Display, 640x480 Input, PAL-BDGHI Output
with 20 Clock HBlank Period A-5
Allowable Overscan Compensation Ratios for Dual Display, 800x600 Input, NTSC Output . A-6
Allowable Overscan Compensation Ratios for Dual Display, 800x600 Input, PAL–BDGHI Output,
Standard Clocking Mode A-7
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
List of Figures
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Figure A-5.
Figure A-6.
Figure A-7.
Figure A-8.
Figure E-1.
Figure E-2.
Figure E-3.
Figure E-4.
Figure E-5.
Figure E-6.
Figure E-7.
Figure E-8.
100381B
Allowable Overscan Compensation Ratios for Dual Display, 800x600 Input, NTSC Output in 3:2
Clocking Mode A-8
Allowable Overscan Compensation Ratios for Dual Display, 800x600 Input, PAL-BDGHI Output
in 3:2 Clocking Mode A-9
Allowable Overscan Compensation Ratios for Dual Display, 1024x768 Input, NTSC Output . . .
A-10
Allowable Overscan Compensation Ratios for Dual Display, 1024x768 Input, PAL-BDGHI Output A-11
CX25870/871’s Pseudo-Master Interface with a Graphics Controller as the Timing Master E-2
CX25870/871’s Slave Interface with a Graphics Controller as the Timing Master . . . . . . . . E-2
Typical Trilevel Sync Provided by CX25870/871 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-7
Proper Interface Timing Between the HDTV Source Device (Master) and CX25870/871 (Timing
Slave): Active Line in 1080i and 720p ATSC Format (RASTER_SEL[1:0] = 11 or 10), for R, G,
B, and Y Analog Outputs E-12
Proper Interface Timing Between the HDTV Source Device (Master) and CX25870/871 (Timing
Slave): Active Line in 1080i and 720p ATSC Format (RASTER_SEL[1:0] = 11 or 10) for P8 and
PR Analog Outputs E-13
Proper Interface Timing Between the HDTV Source Device (Master) and CX25870/871 (Timing
Slave): Broad Pulse Line in 1080i ATSC Format (RASTER_SEL[1:0] = 11) – Odd Field E-14
Proper Interface Timing Between the HDTV Source Device (Master) and CX25870/871 (Timing
Slave): Two Successive Active Fields in 1080i ATSC Format (RASTER_SEL[1:0] = 11) E-15
Proper Interface Timing Between the HDTV Source Device (Master) and CX25870/871 (Timing
Slave): Broad Pulse Line in 720p ATSC Format (RASTER_SEL[1:0] = 10) E-16
Conexant
xi
CX25870/871
List of Figures
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
xii
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
List of Tables
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
List of Tables
Table 1-1.
Table 1-2.
Table 1-3.
Table 1-4.
Table 1-5.
Table 1-6.
Table 1-7.
Table 1-8.
Table 1-9.
Table 1-10.
Table 1-11.
Table 1-12.
Table 1-13.
Table 1-14.
Table 1-15.
Table 1-16.
Table 1-17.
Table 1-18.
Table 1-19.
Table 1-20.
Table 1-21.
Table 1-22.
Table 1-23.
Table 1-24.
Table 1-25.
Table 1-26.
Table 1-27.
Table 1-28.
Table 1-29.
Table 1-30.
Table 2-1.
Table 2-2.
Table 2-3.
Table 2-4.
Table 2-5.
Table 3-1.
100381B
Pin Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Data Pin Assignments for Multiplexed Input Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Data Pin Assignments for Nonmultiplexed Input Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Maximum Programmability and Frequency Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Autoconfiguration Solutions that Utilize 3:2 Clocking Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16
Master Interface without a BLANK* Signal (Default Immediately after any Autoconfiguration
Command) 1-21
Master Interface with a BLANK* Input to the CX25870/871 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22
Pseudo-Master Interface without a BLANK* Signal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22
Pseudo-Master Interface with a BLANK* Input to the CX25870/871. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-23
Slave Interface without a BLANK* Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-23
Slave Interface with a BLANK* Input to the CX25870/871 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24
Adjustment to the CX25870/871 MSC Registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-25
Adjustment to the PLL_INT and PLL_FRACT Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26
Summary of Allowable BLANK* Signal Directions by Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31
Optimal Adaptive and Standard Flicker Filter Settings for Common PC Applications. . . . . . 1-38
VGA/CRTC Registers Involved in TV Out Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-39
Important Bit Settings for Various Video Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-42
Composite and Luminance Amplitude. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-62
Composite and Chrominance Magnitude. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-63
Register Values for 640x480 / 800x600 / 1024x768 RGB In, SECAM-L Out . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-69
Vital SECAM Bitsettings–Register 0xA2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-72
SECAM Specific Registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-74
Serial Writes Required to Switch CX25870/871 into SCART Output Operation . . . . . . . . . . 1-76
Default SCART Outgoing Signal Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-77
CX25870 SCART Outputs for Different SCART Standards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-78
Common Registers Required to Switch CX25870/25871 into EIA-770.2-A- or EIA-770.1-Compliant Component Video Outputs 1-82
Unique Registers Required to Switch CX25870/25871 into EIA-770.2-A- Compliant Component
Video Outputs 1-82
Serial Writes Required to Switch CX25870/871 into VGA/DAC Output Operation . . . . . . . . 1-84
Serial Writes Required to Remove Bilevel Syncs from all VGA/DAC Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . 1-85
ESTATUS[1:0] Read-back Bit Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-88
Register Bit Map (* Indicates Read-Only Register) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Serial Address Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Bit Map for Read-Only Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Data Details Defined for Read-Only Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Programming Detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
Typical Parts List for Key Passive Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
Conexant
xiii
CX25870/871
List of Tables
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table 3-2.
Table 3-3.
Table 3-4.
Table 4-1.
Table 4-2.
Table 4-3.
Table 4-4.
Table A-1.
Table A-2.
Table A-3.
Table A-4.
Table A-5.
Table A-6.
Table A-7.
Table A-8.
Table A-9.
Table A-10.
Table A-11.
Table A-12.
Table A-13.
Table A-14.
Table A-15.
Table A-16.
Table A-17.
Table A-18.
Table A-19.
Table A-20.
Table A-21.
Table A-22.
Table A-23.
xiv
Relative Register Map for CX25870/871 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
Hardware Modifications to Bt868/869-based PCB Required to Accommodate the CX25870/871
3-12
CX25870 Optimal Adaptive Flicker Filter Bit Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19
Recommended Operating Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Absolute Maximum Rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
DC Characteristics for CX25870/871. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
AC Characteristics for CX25870/871 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Target Video Parameters for Standard Definition TV Output Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2
Key Parameters for Supported Standard Definition Video Output Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3
Constant Values Dependent on Encoding Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3
Overscan Values, 640 x 480 NTSC, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution, 2.5 µs HBlank. .
A-12
Overscan Values, 640 x 480 NTSC, Character Clock-Based Controller, 8-Pixel Resolution, 2.5 µs
HBlank A-14
Overscan Values, 640 x 480 NTSC, Character Clock-Based Controller, 9-Pixel Resolution, 2.5 µs
HBlank A-15
Overscan Values, 640 x 480 PAL-BDGHI, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution, 2.5 µs
HBlank A-16
Overscan Values, 640 x 480 PAL-BDGHI, Character Clock-Based Controller, 8-Pixel Resolution,
2.5 µs HBlank A-19
Overscan Values, 640 x 480 PAL-BDGHI, Character Clock-Based Controller, 9-Pixel Resolution,
2.5 µs HBlank A-20
Overscan Values, 800 x 600 NTSC, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution. . . . . . . . . . A-21
Overscan Values, 800 x 600 NTSC, Character Clock-Based Controller, 8-Pixel Resolution, 0–1.5
µs HBlank A-25
Overscan Values, 800 x 600 NTSC, Character Clock-Based Controller, 9-Pixel Resolution, 0–3.0
µs HBlank A-26
Overscan Values 800 x 600 NTSC, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution, 3:2 Clocking Mode
A-27
Overscan Values 800 x 600 NTSC, Character Clocked-Based Controller, 8-Pixel Resolution, 3:2
Clocking Mode A-31
Overscan Values 800 x 600 NTSC, Character Clocked-Based Controller, 9-Pixel Resolution, 3:2
Clocking Mode A-32
Overscan Values, 800 x 600 PAL-BDGHI, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution, >2.5 µs
HBlank A-34
Overscan Values, 800 x 600 PAL-BDGHI, Character Clock-Based Controller, 8-Pixel Resolution
A-36
Overscan Values, 800 x 600 PAL-BDGHI, Character Clock-Based Controller, 9-Pixel Resolution
A-37
Overscan Values 800 x 600 PAL-BDGHI, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution, 3:2 Clocking
Mode A-38
Overscan Values 800 x 600 PAL-BDGHI, Character Clock-Based Controller, 8-Pixel Resolution,
3:2 Clocking Mode A-41
Overscan Values 800 x 600 PAL-BDGHI, Character Clock-Based Controller, 9-Pixel Resolution,
3:2 Clocking Mode A-41
Overscan Values 1024 x 768 NTSC, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution, >1.50 ms. Hblank
A-42
Overscan Values 1024 x 768 NTSC, Character Clock-Based Controller, 8Pixel Resolution, >1.50
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
List of Tables
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-24.
Table A-25.
Table A-26.
Table A-27.
Table C-1.
Table C-2.
Table C-3.
Table C-4.
Table C-5.
Table C-6.
Table C-7.
Table C-8.
Table C-9.
Table E-1.
Table E-2.
Table E-3.
Table E-4.
Table E-5.
Table E-6.
100381B
µs HBlank A-46
Overscan Values 1024 x 768 NTSC, Character Clock-Based Controller, 9-Pixel Resolution A-47
Overscan Values 1024 x 768 PAL-BDGHI, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution, >3 ms.
Hblank A-49
1024 x 768 PAL-BDGHI, Character Clock-Based Controller, 8-Pixel Resolution , >4 ms. Hblank
A-52
Overscan Values 1024 x 768 PAL-BDGHI, Character Clock-Based Controller, 9-Pixel Resolution
A-52
CX25870/871 Register Values for Autoconfiguration Modes 0–4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1
CX25870/871 Register Values for Autoconfiguration Modes 5–10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-4
CX25870/871 Register Values for Autoconfiguration Modes 11–15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6
CX25870/871 Register Values for Autoconfiguration Modes 16–21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-8
CX25870/871 Register Values for Autoconfiguration Modes 22–26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-10
CX25870/871 Register Values for Autoconfiguration Modes 27–30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-12
CX25870/871 Register Values for Autoconfiguration Modes 31–36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-14
CX25870/871 Register Values for Autoconfiguration Modes 37–42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-16
CX25870/871 Register Values for Autoconfiguration Modes 43–47 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-18
CX25870 Register Settings for 24-Bit RGB Multiplexed In, Y/PR/PB HDTV Out. . . . . . . . . . . E-4
Default State of CX25870/871 Immediately After Switch into HDTV Output Mode . . . . . . . . E-5
CX25870/871 RASTER_SEL[1:0] bit functionality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-6
CX25870/871 HDTV Supported Formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-7
Register Bit Map for HDTV-specific registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-9
CX25870/871 Registers 0x2E & 0x32 – HDTV Output Mode Bit Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . E-10
Conexant
xv
CX25870/871
List of Tables
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
xvi
Conexant
100381B
1
1.0 Functional Description
1.1 Pin Descriptions
The pinout diagram is illustrated in Figure 1-1. Pin names, input/output
assignments, numbers, and descriptions are listed in Tables 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3.
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
VDD
VAA_PLL
AGND_PLL
VDD_CO
CLKO
VSS_CO
CLKI
RESET*
SLEEP
SLAVE
PAL
VDD_VREF
ALTADDR
VDD_SI
VDD_SO
SIC
SID
VSS_SO
VSS_SI
VSS
Figure 1-1. Pinout Diagram for CX25870/871
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
CX25870/871
80-pin PQFP
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
VDDL
VSS/TEST
BLANK*
FIELD
VSYNC*
HSYNC*
P[23]
P[22]
P[21]
VSS
VDD
P[20]
P[19]
P[18]
P[17]
P[16]
P[15]
P[14]
VSS
VSS
VDD
VDD
XTL_BFO
VSS
P[0]
P[1]
P[2]
P[3]
P[4]
P[5]
P[6]
P[7]
P[8]
P[9]
P[10]
P[11]
P[12]
P[13]
VDD
VDD
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
VAA_X
XTALOUT
XTALIN
VSS_X
AGND_DAC
DACD
VAA_DACD
DACA
VAA_DACA
DACB
VAA_DACB
DACC
VAA_DACC
AGND_DAC
COMP
VREF
VBIAS
FSADJUST
AGND
VAA_VREF
100381_002
100381B
Conexant
1-1
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.1 Pin Descriptions
Aside from pins 2, 3, 65, 66, and 67, which are no connects within the
Bt868/869, the CX25870/871 is completely pin-to-pin compatible with
Conexant’s first generation VGA encoder.
Table 1-1. Pin Assignments (1 of 3)
Pin Name
I/O
Pin #
Description
VAA_VREF
—
80
Analog power. All VAA and VDD pins must be connected together on the same
PCB plane to prevent latchup.
AGND
—
79
Analog ground. All AGND and VSS pins must be connected together on the
same PCB plane to prevent latchup.
FSADJUST
I
78
Full-scale adjust control pin. A resistor (RSET) connected between this pin and
GND controls the full-scale output current on the analog outputs.
VBIAS
O
77
DAC bias voltage. A 0.1 µF ceramic capacitor must be used to bypass this pin to
GND. The capacitor must be as close to the device as possible to keep lead
lengths to an absolute minimum.
VREF
O
76
Voltage reference pin. A 1.0 µF ceramic capacitor must be used to decouple this
pin to GND. The decoupling capacitor must be as close to the device as possible
to keep lead lengths to an absolute minimum.
COMP
O
75
Compensation pin. A 0.1 µF ceramic capacitor must be used to bypass this pin
to VAA. The capacitor must be as close to the device as possible to keep lead
lengths to an absolute minimum.
73
DACC Analog power. All VAA and VDD pins must be connected together on the
same PCB plane to prevent latchup.
72
DACC Analog output.
71
DACB Analog power. All VAA and VDD pins must be connected together on the
same PCB plane to prevent latchup.
70
DACB Analog output.
69
DACA Analog power. All VAA and VDD pins must be connected together on the
same PCB plane to prevent latchup.
68
DACA Analog output.
67
DACD analog power. All VAA and VDD pins must be connected together on the
same PCB plane to prevent latchup.
66
DACD analog output. If unused, DACD should be left as a no connect.
VAA_DACC
DACC
—
O
VAA_DACB
DACB
—
O
VAA_DACA
DACA
—
O
VAA_DACD
DACD
—
O
AGND_DAC
—
65, 74
Common DAC Analog ground return. All AGND and VSS pins must be
connected together on the same PCB plane to prevent latchup.
VSS_X
—
64
Crystal oscillator ground pin. This pin should be tied to the ground plane.
XTALIN
I
63
XTALOUT
O
62
A crystal can be connected to these pins. The pixel clock output (CLKO) is
derived from these pins with a PLL. XTALIN can be driven as a CMOS input pin.
Internally, this is a CMOS inverter tying XTALOUT to XTALIN. If XTALOUT is
unused, it should be left as a no connect.
VDD_X
—
61
Crystal oscillator supply pin. This pin should be tied to the power supply.
VAA_PLL
—
59
Analog power for PLL. All VAA and VDD pins must be connected together on the
same PCB plane to prevent latchup.
AGND_PLL
—
58
Analog ground for PLL. All AGND and VSS pins must be connected together on
the same PCB plane to prevent latchup.
1-2
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.1 Pin Descriptions
Table 1-1. Pin Assignments (2 of 3)
Pin Name
I/O
VDD_CO
CLKO
—
O
VSS_CO
—
Pin #
Description
57
Clock output supply pin. This pin should be tied to the power supply. For low
voltage infacing this pin should be tied to the low voltage supply.
56
Pixel clock output (TTL compatible). This pin is three-state if the CLKI pin
provides the encoder clock.
55
Clock output ground pin. This pin should be tied to the ground plane.
CLKI
I
54
Pixel clock input (TTL compatible). This may be used as either the encoder
clock or a delayed version of the CLKO pin synchronized with the pixel data
input.
RESET*
I
53
Reset control input (TTL compatible). A logical 0 applied for a minimum of 20
CLKI clock cycles resets and disables video timing (horizontal, vertical,
subcarrier counters) to the start of VSYNC of the first field and resets the serial
interface registers. RESET* must be a logical 1(3.3 V) for normal operation.
SLEEP
I
52
Power-down control input (TTL compatible). A logical 1 configures the device
for power-down mode. A logical 0 configures the device for normal operation.
SLAVE
I
51
Slave/master mode select input (TTL compatible). A logical 1 configures the
device for slave video timing operation. A logical 0 configures the device for
master video timing operation.
PAL
I
50
PAL/NTSC mode select input (TTL compatible). A logical 1 configures the
device for PAL video format and Autoconfiguration Mode 1. A logical 0
configures the device for NTSC video format and Autoconfiguration Mode 0.
VDD_VREF
I
49
Input threshold adjustment. This pin should be tied to VDD for 3.3 V input
swings or VDDL/2 for low voltage input swings.
ALTADDR
I
48
Alternate slave address input (TTL compatible). A logical 0 configures the
device to respond to a serial write address of 0x88. A logical 1 configures the
device to respond to a serial write address of 0x8A. In addition, serial reads to
address 0x89 (ALTADDR = 0) or 0x8B (ALTADDR = 1) are possible with this pin.
VDD_SI
—
47
Serial interface input supply pin. This pin should be tied to VDD (3.3 V).
VDD_SO
—
46
Serial interface output supply pin. This pin should be tied to VDD (3.3 V).
SIC
I
45
Serial interface clock input (TTL compatible).
SID
I/O
44
Serial interface data input/output (TTL compatible). Data is written to and read
from the device via this serial bus.
VSS_SO
—
43
Serial interface input ground pin. This pin should be tied to the ground plane.
VSS_SI
—
42
Serial interface input ground pin. This pin should be tied to the ground plane.
VDDL
—
40
Digital power for low voltage interface. All VAA and VDD pins must be
connected together on the same PCB plane to prevent latchup. For a low voltage
interface, this pin should be tied to the low voltage supply.
VSS/TEST
I
39
Test pin. Should be tied to VSS for normal operation.
BLANK*
I/O
38
Composite blanking control (TTL compatible). This can be generated by the
encoder or supplied from the graphics controller. If internal blanking is used,
this pin can be used to indicate the control character clock edge. If unused,
BLANK* should be tied high through a 10 k Ω pullup resistor.
100381B
Conexant
1-3
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.1 Pin Descriptions
Table 1-1. Pin Assignments (3 of 3)
Pin Name
I/O
Pin #
Description
FIELD
O
37
Field control output (TTL compatible). FIELD transitions after the rising edge of
CLK, two clock cycles following falling HSYNC*. It is a logical 0 during odd
fields and is a logical 1 during even fields. If unused, FIELD should be left as a
no connect.
VSYNC*
I/O
36
Vertical sync input/output (TTL compatible). As an output (timing master
operation), VSYNC* is output following the rising edge of CLK. As an input
(timing slave operation), VSYNC* is clocked on the rising edge of CLK.
HSYNC*
I/O
35
Horizontal sync input/output (TTL compatible). As an output (timing master
operation), HSYNC* is output following the rising edge of CLK. As an input
(timing slave operation), HSYNC* is clocked on the rising edge of CLK.
P[23:21]
I
34-32
P[20:14]
I
29-23
P[13:0]
I
18-5
Pixel inputs. See Table 1-2. The input data is sampled on both the rising and
falling edge of CLK for multiplexed modes, and on the rising edge of CLK in
nonmultiplexed modes. A higher bit index corresponds to a greater bit
significance.
4, 21, 22,
31, 41
Digital ground for core logic. All AGND and VSS pins must be connected
together on the same PCB plane to prevent latchup.
3
Buffered crystal clock output. On power-up, the encoder will transmit a 0 to 3.3
V signal at a frequency equal to the frequency of the crystal found between the
XTALIN/XTALOUT ports. Normally the XTL_BFO output is at a rate of 13.500
MHz. If unused, XTL_BFO should be left as a no connect.
1, 2, 19,
20, 30,
60
Digital power for core logic. All VAA and VDD pins must be connected together
on the same PCB plane to prevent latchup.
VSS
XTL_BFO
VDD
1-4
—
O
—
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.1 Pin Descriptions
Table 1-2. Data Pin Assignments for Multiplexed Input Formats
Falling Edge of CLKI
IN_MODE[3:0]
0000
0010/0001
0101
0100
1000
0110
1100
Pin
24-bit
RGB Mode
15/16-bit
RGB Mode
16-bit
YCrCb
Mode
24-bit
YCrCb
Mode
Alternate
24-bit RGB
Mode
Alternate
16-bit
YCrCb
Mode
Alternate
24-bit
YCrCb
Mode
P[11]
R7
R4
Y7
Y7
R7
—
Cr7
P[10]
R6
R3
Y6
Y6
R6
—
Cr6
P[9]
R5
R2
Y5
Y5
R5
—
Cr5
P[8]
R4
R1
Y4
Y4
R4
—
Cr4
P[7]
R3
R0
Y3
Y3
R3
Y7
Cr3
P[6]
G7
G5(1)
Y2
Y2
R2
Y6
Cr2
P[5]
G6
G4
Y1
Y1
R1
Y5
Cr1
P[4]
G5
G3
Y0
Y0
R0
Y4
Cr0
P[3]
R2
—
—
Cb3
G7
Y3
Y7
P[2]
R1
—
—
Cb2
G6
Y2
Y6
P[1]
R0
—
—
Cb1
G5
Y1
Y5
P[0]
G1
—
—
Cb0
G4
Y0
Y4
Rising Edge of CLKI
P[11]
G4
G2
Cr/Cb7
Cr7
G3
—
Y3
P[10]
G3
G1
Cr/Cb6
Cr6
G2
—
Y2
P[9]
G2
G0
Cr/Cb5
Cr5
G1
—
Y1
P[8]
B7
B4
Cr/Cb4
Cr4
G0
—
Y0
P[7]
B6
B3
Cr/Cb3
Cr3
B7
Cr/Cb7
Cb7
P[6]
B5
B2
Cr/Cb2
Cr2
B6
Cr/Cb6
Cb6
P[5]
B4
B1
Cr/Cb1
Cr1
B5
Cr/Cb5
Cb5
P[4]
B3
B0
Cr/Cb0
Cr0
B4
Cr/Cb4
Cb4
P[3]
G0
—
—
Cb7
B3
Cr/Cb3
Cb3
P[2]
B2
—
—
Cb6
B2
Cr/Cb2
Cb2
P[1]
B1
—
—
Cb5
B1
Cr/Cb1
Cb1
P[0]
B0
—
—
Cb4
B0
Cr/Cb0
Cb0
NOTE(S):
(1)
G5 is ignored in 15-bit RGB Multiplexed Input Mode.
100381B
Conexant
1-5
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.1 Pin Descriptions
Table 1-3. Data Pin Assignments for Nonmultiplexed Input Formats
IN_MODE[3:0]
1010
1110
0011
0111
1011
1111
Pin
16-bit
nonmux RGB
16-bit
nonmux
YCrCb
24-bit
nonmux RGB
24-bit
nonmux
YCrCb
Alternate
16-bit
nonmux RGB
Alternate
24-bit
nonmux
YCrCb
P[23]
—
—
B7
Cb7
R7
Cr7
P[22]
—
—
B6
Cb6
R6
Cr6
P[21]
—
—
B5
Cb5
R5
Cr5
P[20]
—
—
B4
Cb4
R4
Cr4
P[19]
R4
Y7
B3
Cb2
R3
Cr3
P[18]
R3
Y6
B2
Cb2
R2
Cr2
P[17]
R2
Y5
B1
Cb1
R1
Cr1
P[16]
R1
Y4
B0
Cb0
R0
Cr0
P[15]
R0
Y3
G7
Cr7
G7
Y7
P[14]
G5
Y2
G6
Cr6
G6
Y6
P[13]
G4
Y1
G5
Cr5
G5
Y5
P[12]
G3
Y0
G4
Cr4
G4
Y4
P[11]
G2
Cr/Cb7
G3
Cr3
G3
Y3
P[10]
G1
Cr/Cb6
G2
Cr2
G2
Y2
P[9]
G0
Cr/Cb5
G1
Cr1
G1
Y1
P[8]
B4
Cr/Cb4
G0
Cr0
G0
Y0
P[7]
B3
Cr/Cb3
R7
Y7
B7
Cb7
P[6]
B2
Cr/Cb2
R6
Y6
B6
Cb6
P[5]
B1
Cr/Cb1
R5
Y5
B5
Cb5
P[4]
B0
Cr/Cb0
R4
Y4
B4
Cb4
P[3]
—
—
R3
Y3
B3
Cb3
P[2]
—
—
R2
Y2
B2
Cb2
P[1]
—
—
R1
Y1
B1
Cb1
P[0]
—
—
R0
Y0
B0
Cb0
1-6
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology 1.2 GUI Controller Programmability and Frequency Requirement
1.2 GUI Controller Programmability and
Frequency Requirement
Programmability and frequency requirements for the Graphics Controller/Data
Master device are defined in Table 1-4 for the most common input resolutions.
Table 1-4. Maximum Programmability and Frequency Requirements
Maximum
End of Active to
Vsync
Maximum Total
Desktop Input Mode
Maximum Frequencies
Pixels/HTOTAL
Lines/VTOTAL
Lines
Line (kHz)
Pixel (MHz)
640 x 480
1075
665
76
39.860
31.563
800 x 600
1075
835
91
49.450
39.997
800 x 600 (3:2
CLK mode)
1625
834
92
49.630
59.063
1024 x 768 (3:2
CLK mode)
1625
1068
122
63.776
75.750
Table 1-4 contains maximum values for the dual display solutions that provide
8 percent to 32 percent horizontal and vertical overscan compensation. For larger
overscan compensation percentages, the values would be larger. The maximum
pixel frequency supported is 53.333 MHz for standard clocking mode and 80.000
MHz for 3:2 clocking mode.
100381B
Conexant
1-7
1-8
Conexant
1111 = Alternate
24-bit RGB
Non-Mux
1110 = 16-bit
YCrCb Non-Mux
1101 = Reserved
1100 = Alternate
24-bit
YCrCb Mux
11 = 4 Line
10 = 3 Line
01 = 2 Line
00 = 5 Line
ADPT_FF = 1;
C_ATLFF[1:0]
11 = 4 Line
10 = 3 Line
01 = 2 Line
00 = 5 Line
1011 = Alternate
24-bit RGB
Non-Mux
111 = Alt. 5 Line 4
110 = Alt. 5 Line 3
101 = Alt. 5 Line 2
100 = Alt. 5 Line 1
011 = 4 Line
010 = 3 Line
001 = 2 Line
000 = 5 Line
ADPT_FF = 0;
F_SELC[2:0]
111 = Alt. 5 Line 4
110 = Alt. 5 Line 3
101 = Alt. 5 Line 2
100 = Alt. 5 Line 1
011 = 4 Line
010 = 3 Line
001 = 2 Line
000 = 5 Line
ADPT_FF = 0;
F_SELY[2:0]
ADPT_FF = 1;
Y_ATLFF[1:0]
Color
Space
Converter
1010 = 16-bit
RGB Non-Mux
1001 = Reserved
1000 = Alternate
24-bit
RGB Mux
0111 = 24-bit
YCrCb Non-Mux
0110 = Alternate
16-bit
YCrCb Mux
0101 = 16-bit
YCrCb Mux
0100 = 24-bit
YCrCb Mux
0011 = 24-bit
RGB Non-Mux
0010 = 15-bit
RGB Mux
0001 = 16-bit
RGB Mux
0000 = 24-bit
RGB Mux
IN_MODE[3:0]
Input
0 = Enable
Luma
Anti-Pseudo
Gamma
Removal
0 = Enable
Chroma
Psuedo
Gamma
Removal
0 = Enable
Chroma
Anti-Psuedo
Gamma
Removal
DIS_GMSHC DIS_GMUSHC
0 = Enable
Luma
Psuedo
Gamma
Removal
0 = Enable
Initial
Luma
Horizontal
Low Pass
Filter
DIS_GMSHY DIS_GMUSHY DIS_YFLPF
10 = Chroma,
Horizontal
LPF2
11 = Chroma,
Horizontal
LPF3
01 =
Reserved
00 = Bypass
CLPF[1:0]
11 = Luma,
Horizontal
LPF3
00 = Bypass
01 = Luma,
Horizontal
LPF1
10 = Luma,
Horizontal
LPF2
YLPF[1:0]
Flicker Filter/Scaler
111 = 0.0 Gain
110 = 1/8 Gain
101 = 1/4 Gain
100 = 1/2 Gain
011 = 3/4 Gain
010 = 7/8 Gain
001 = 15/16 Gain
000 = 1.0 Gain
CATTENUATE[2:0]
111 = 0.0 Gain
110 = 1/8 Gain
101 = 1/4 Gain
100 = 1/2 Gain
011 = 3/4 Gain
010 = 7/8 Gain
001 = 15/16 Gain
000 = 1.0 Gain
YATTENUATE[2:0]
000 = Bypass
001 = +/-1/256
of Range
010 = +/- 1/128
of Range
011 = +/- 1/64
of Range
100 = +/- 1/32
of Range
101 = +/- 1/16
of Range
110 = +/- 1/8
of Range
111 = Reserved
CCORING[2:0]
001 = 1/128
of Range
010 = 1/64
of Range
011 = 1/32
of Range
100 = 1/16
of Range
101 = 1/8
of Range
110 = 1/4
of Range
111 = Reserved
000 = Bypass
YCORING[2:0]
FIFO
1.0 Functional Description
CX25870/871
1.2 GUI Controller Programmability and Frequency Requirement Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Figure 1-2. Flicker Filter Control Diagram
100381_003
100381B
100381B
Conexant
VSYNC*
HSYNC*
RGB/
YCRCB/
YPRPB
CRCB[9:0]
Y[9:0]
RESET*
SID
X
MY
MCB
MCR
HDTV
Sync
Gen.
24
BST_AMP
Burst
Processor
X
Closed
Captioning,
Macrovision
Video
Timing
Control,
SID
Registers
SIC
1.3 MHz LPF
and 2X
Upsample/
Matrix
Multiplication
Luminance
2x Upsample
and
Cross Color
Peaking Filt.
+
Sync
Processor
SYNC_AMP
9
HUE_OFF
Modulator, 10
Mixer and
SECAM Filt.
Color
Space
Convert
CGMS
+
+
C
CVBS
DLY
RGB
U/V
CVBS
Luma
Delay
Y
Out
Mode
Internal
Voltage
Reference
VREF
Out
Mux
10
10
10
10
VBIAS
FSADJUST
DAC
DAC
DAC
DAC
DACD
DACC
DACB
DACA
COMP
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology 1.2 GUI Controller Programmability and Frequency Requirement
Figure 1-3. CX25870/871 Encoder Core Block Diagram
100381_004
1-9
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
1.3 Device Description
1.3.1 Overview
The CX25870/871 is a video encoder designed for TV output of interlaced and
noninterlaced graphics data. Common applications requiring flicker-filtered TV
output include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
desktop/portable PCs with TV Out
high definition TVs
DVD players and set top boxes
graphic cards with TV Out
game consoles
set-top boxes
It incorporates normal and adaptive filtering technology for flicker removal
and flexible amounts of overscan compensation for high-quality display of
noninterlaced images on an interlaced TV. The CX25870/871 accomplishes this
by minimizing the flicker and controlling the amount of overscan so that the
entire image is viewable.
The CX25870/871 consists of a Color Space Converter/Flicker Filter engine
followed by a digital video encoder. The Color Space Converter/Flicker Filter
contains:
•
•
•
A timing converter
Various horizontal video processing functions
Flicker filter and vertical scaler for overscan compensation
The output of this engine feeds into a FIFO for synchronization with the
digital video encoder.
The CX25870/871 provides Composite, S-Video, or 3-signal analog RGB or
YPBPR HDTV output. While the encoder is in HDTV output mode, the device
will automatically insert trilevel synchronization pulses (when necessary) and
vertical synchronizing “broad pulses.” The CX25870/871 is compliant with
EIA770-3, SMPTE 274M/293M/296M and supports ATSC HDTV resolutions
including 480p, 720p, and 1080i.
1.3.2 Serial Interface
The device includes a 2-wire read and write serial interface for programming the
registers in the device. The interface is designed to operate with 3.3 V levels. To
ensure that valid serial data is received and transmitted, make sure the VDD_SI
pin is connected to a stable 3.3 V supply. Review Chapter 2.2, Chapter 2.3 and
Chapter 2.4 for more details of the encoder’s serial interface.
1-10
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
1.3.3 Low Voltage Graphics Interface
The CX25870/871 can receive or transmit signals from/to a graphics controller at
any of five different voltage levels. The allowable voltage levels are 3.3 V, 1.8 V,
1.5 V, 1.3 V, and 1.1 V. Default input/output voltage amplitude for the interface
signals (defined as P[23:0], HSYNC*, VSYNC*, CLKI, CLKO, BLANK*, and
FIELD) is 3.3 V and matches the Bt868/869 to ensure backwards compatibility.
For a 3.3 V digital interface, no special configuration steps are necessary.
Simply follow “Recommended Layout for Connection with a 3.3 V Master
Device” in Chapter 3.3 and on power-up, the encoder will automatically expect
3.3 V signal transitions.
For a 1.8 V or lower digital interface, several special configuration steps are
necessary. First, the layout must adhere to Chapter 3.3’s “3.3 V/1.8 V.
Recommended Layout for Connection with a 1.8 V Master Device.” Second,
program the DRVS[1:0] field (bits[6:5] of register (0x32)) to 01(or an alternate
value for 1.5 V, 1.3 V or 1.1 V interface). This forces the encoder to increase its
drive strength on each interface signal used as an output in the interface. Third,
connect the VDDL (pin 40) and VDD_CO (pin 57) power supply pins to the
correct lower supply voltage (1.8 V or other). Fourth, using a voltage divider
circuit or some other method, tie the CX25870/871’s VDD_VREF input (pin 49)
to a level equal to (VDDL/ 2 ). Make sure this voltage source is stable since the
VDDL pin controls the output signal levels. The VDD_VREF pin dictates the
encoder threshold voltage received for the appropriate input signals. The third and
fourth steps are illustrated in Figure 3-5. Make sure the graphics controller is
configured to send and accept signals at the lower supply voltage.
Adjusting VDD_CO, VDDL and VDD_VREF appropriately controls the
input voltage levels for the digital input pins P[23:0], CLKI, and
HSYNC*/VSYNC*/BLANK* (in slave interface; EN_BLANKO = 0). Using the
DRVS[1:0] bits control the output voltage levels for the digital output pins CLKO,
FIELD, and HSYNC*/VSYNC*/BLANK* (in master or pseudo-master interface;
EN_BLANKO = 1). In this way, the digital input pins can operate at different
input voltage levels than the digital output voltage levels.
100381B
Conexant
1-11
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Table 1-5. Digital Pins that Comprise the Low Voltage Graphics Interface
1-12
Pin #
Pin Name
5
Pixel[0]
Input
6
Pixel[1]
Input
7
Pixel[2]
Input
8
Pixel[3]
Input
9
Pixel[4]
Input
10
Pixel[5]
Input
11
Pixel[6]
Input
12
Pixel[7]
Input
13
Pixel[8]
Input
14
Pixel[9]
Input
15
Pixel[10]
Input
16
Pixel[11]
Input
17
Pixel[12]
Input
18
Pixel[13]
Input
23
Pixel[14]
Input
24
Pixel[15]
Input
25
Pixel[16]
Input
26
Pixel[17]
Input
27
Pixel[18]
Input
28
Pixel[19]
Input
29
Pixel[20]
Input
32
Pixel[21]
Input
33
Pixel[22]
Input
34
Pixel[23]
Input
35
HSYNC*
Input or Output
36
VSYNC*
Input or Output
37
FIELD
38
BLANK*
54
CLKI
Input
56
CLKO
Output
Conexant
Direction of Pin
Output
Input or Output
100381B
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
1.3.4 Reset
If the RESET* pin is held low (between 0.8 V and GND –0.5 V) for a minimum
of 20 clock cycles, a timing reset and a software reset is performed and the serial
interface is held in the reset condition. A timing reset, which can be generated by
setting the TIMING_RST register bit, will set the subcarrier phase to zero, and
configure the horizontal and vertical counters to the beginning of VSYNC* of
Field 1 (both counters equal to zero).
If the CX25870/871 is in the master interface (i.e., CX25870 sends the syncs
to the data master) then after a power-on or pin reset the encoder and the flicker
filter starts a line 1, pixel 1 of their respective timing generation. For the encoder
this means the odd field is always the first field after a power-on reset, pin reset,
or timing reset.
In timing the slave interface (CX25870 is either pseudo-master or pure slave),
even though the input is receiving progressive frames that have no field
associated with it, the input timing generator keeps track of the frames received.
As a result, after every second frame received, a frame sync is sent to the encoder
section so that the input and encoder remain synchronized. The frame sync forces
the encoder to the beginning of the odd field.
Conexant recommends that after every overscan compensation or video output
type change, the TIMING_RST bit be enabled. The setting of the TIMING_RST
bit should occur after waiting a minimum of 1 ms between the last CX25870
register write for the new overscan compensation ratio. The TIMING_RST
register bit clears itself and reinitializes the internal timing generators.
A software reset, which can be generated by setting the SRESET register bit,
initializes all the serial interface registers to their default state. As a result, all
digital output control pins are three-stated. Registers 0x38 and 0x76 to 0xB4
inclusive are then initialized to auto-configuration mode 0 (see the Auto
Configuration section values) or mode 1 depending on the state of the PAL pin.
The EN_OUT bit must be set to enable the digital outputs.
A power-on reset, pin reset, or timing reset (register 0x6C, bit 7) causes the
input timing generator to send the encoder a frame synchronization pulse setting
the encoder to the beginning of the odd field. The first HSYNC*/VSYNC*
combination then corresponds to the encoder even field and then the second
HSYNC*/VSYNC* combination again causes a frame synchronization pulse and
the encoder will start the odd field, and so on and so forth.
A power-on reset is generated on power-up. The power-on reset generates the
same type of reset as the RESET* pin. A time delay circuit triggered after the
supply voltage reaches a value sufficiently high enough for the circuit to operate
and then generate the power-on reset. As such, the device may not initialize to the
default state unless the power supply ramp rate is sufficiently fast enough. A
hardware/pin reset is recommended if the default state is required.
1.3.5 Device Initialization
After a reset condition, the device must be programmed through the serial
interface to activate a video output and enable the CLKO, HSYNC*, VSYNC*,
and FIELD outputs. The easiest method for accomplishing the initialization phase
is to use one of the auto configuration modes in Appendix C, and program the
interface bits appropriately. (Refer to Section 1.3.8.)
100381B
Conexant
1-13
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
1.3.6 Clocking and Timing Generation
Two timing generators control the operation of the encoder. The output encoder
timing block generates the signals for the proper encoding of the video into
NTSC, PAL, or SECAM and extracts the processed input pixels from the internal
FIFO. The encoding timing generator can receive its clock from either an external
crystal oscillator and internal PLL (master and pseudo-master interface), or from
the CLKI pin (slave interface). Conexant recommends that the encoding clock be
generated by the PLL. Register bit EX_XCLK selects the clock source. If
EN_XCLK is set to a logical 0, the internal clock source is selected via the crystal
attached to XTALIN/XTALOUT. When the EN_XCLK bit is set, the clock source
received at the CLKI pin is utilized as the main pixel/encoder clock. Conexant
recommends that the encoding clock be generated by the PLL.
A crystal must be present between XTALIN and XTALOUT pins if the
internal clock source is selected. In this case, the CX25870/871’s CLK frequency
is synthesized by its PLL such that the pixel clock frequency equals
For PLL DIV10=0: Fclk = Fxtal * {PLL_INT(5:0) + [PLL_FRACT(15:0)/216]}/6
For PLL DIV10=1: Fclk = Fxtal * {PLL INT(5:0) + [PLL FRACT(15:0)/216]}/10
where:
Fclk = CLKO Output Frequency = CLKI Input Frequency
NOTE:
In some special modes, CLKO = Fclk / 2.
The crystal must be chosen so that the precise line rate for the video standards
required can be achieved. This is done to maintain the subcarrier relationship to
the line rate and thereby achieve the precise subcarrier frequency required. The
crystal oscillator is designed to oscillate from 5 MHz through 25 MHz. A
13.5000 MHz crystal meets the requirements for NTSC, PAL, and SECAM video
standards. The crystal must be within 50 ppm of the maximum desired clock rate
for NTSC operation, and 25 ppm for PAL or SECAM operation, across the
temperature range (0° to 70° C). If the CX25870/871 is to provide all video
outputs selectable through software, the customer must use a crystal with a
maximum tolerance across the temperature range of 25 ppm. Appendix B
contains a list of previously tested and recommended crystal vendors.
The crystal oscillator is disabled by the XTAL _PAD_DIS register bit.
Sufficient time (20 µs) must be allowed after coming out of sleep mode to allow
the oscillator to stabilize. The PLL_LOCK bit is set when the PLL is stable. In
addition, if the PLL_INPUT register bit is set to a logical 1, CLKI is selected as
the reference for PLL. In this special mode (slave interface with the PLL_32CLK
high), the above Fclk formulas replace Fxtal with FCLKI/2 (i.e., input clock
frequency is divided by 2).
If the external clock source is selected (EN_XCLK=1), a clock signal of the
desired pixel clock rate must be present at the CLKI pin. The CLKO pin is
three-stated, and the crystal oscillator disabled. The clock must meet the same
requirements as above. It is highly recommended that the internal clock be used in
order to ensure the output video remains within the specifications defined by the
relevant video standard. Any aberration in the source clock is reflected in the
color subcarrier frequency of the output video and detracts from the quality of the
image on the television.
1-14
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
The BY_PLL bit bypasses the PLL, and the encoder clock will be at the
crystal frequency. This bit takes precedence over the EN_XCLK bit.
The second timing generator controls the generation of the HSYNC*,
VSYNC*, and BLANK* signals, and pixel input clocking. This is normally the
same clock as the encoding clock. The EN_ASYNC register bit, if set, allows this
clock to be driven directly by the CLKI pin. If the DIV2 register bit is set, this
internal clock is divided by two before driving the second timing generator. This
is required for interlaced input to interlaced output mode (i.e., CCIR601/DVD
and CCIR656 applications).
The CLKI pin is the clock used for synchronizing pixel inputs (P[23:0]) with
the timing input signals (HSYNC*, VSYNC*, and BLANK*) and normally is a
delayed version of the CLKO pin. It can be directly connected to CLKO if
desired. Data is registered with this input and re-synchronized to the internal
clock. In a multiplexed input mode, both edges of the CLKI input are used. If the
MODE2X register bit is set, the internal clock is divided by two, allowing a 2x
external clock, and data to be provided on the rising edge only.
1.3.6.1 3:2 Clocking
Mode
100381B
All graphics controllers require some finite time for resetting their internal
counters to zero, clearing register flags, and any other event that needs to be
performed on a line-by-line basis. The sum of time these incidents take are the
graphics controller’s Horizontal Blanking Time. The amount of Horizontal
Blanking time varies from one master device to another but it can never be less
than 0 µs and usually does not exceed 4 µs per digital line.
Conexant
1-15
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Figure 1-4 illustrates higher resolutions (i.e., 800x600 or greater), for some
data master devices that require more Horizontal Blanking Time than the
CX25870/871 provides in standard clocking mode, for dual display of certain
overscan compensation percentage pairs. For example, a graphics controller may
require a minimum total of 1.25 µs of Horizontal Blanking time per line while
clocking a frame with an active resolution of 800x600 to the encoder. If this were
the case, the entire set of overscan compensation solutions charted at the 1 µs
diagonal plot line (denoted with a dot-dash-dot) and below are made unavailable
to the designer. The result is a more limited set of overscan pairs to choose from,
and correspondingly less size control for the picture when displayed on a
television.
Figure 1-4. Allowable Overscan Compensation Ratios for Dual Display, 800x600 Input/NTSC Output
Overscan Compensation Percentage Pairs for 800x600 NTSC
24
3 µs
Horizontal Overscan Compensation Percentage
22
20
2 µs
18
16
1 µs
14
.75 µs
12
0 µs Horizontal Blanking
10
8
8
10
12
Legend:
14
16
18
20
22
Vertical Overscan Compensation Percentage
= Pixel Clock Solution
= 8-Cycle Character Clock Solution
= 9-Cycle Character Clock Solution
NOTE(S):
Use this chart for PAL M and PAL 60 allowable overscan ratios
1-16
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Since the CX25870/871 contains this new 3:2 Clocking Mode, the designer
does not face this constraint any longer. By choosing an appropriate
autoconfiguration mode, setting the PLL_32CLK bit to 1, and altering the values
for various timing registers within the controller and encoder (e.g.,
H_CLKI = HTOTAL, VLINES_I = VTOTAL, H_BLANKI, V_BLANKI, etc.),
the encoder switches into the 3:2 Clock mode. While in this operational state,
additional solutions in the overscan-compensation-pairs domain for higher
resolutions now exist. In addition, the encoder now allows the data master (e.g.,
graphics controller) to send digital data to it at a faster rate than is clocked out of
the encoder. Specifically, the CX25870/871 begins to transfer pixels out at a rate
of [2/3] that of the CLKI input frequency. In other words, the pixel input
frequency clocks in data at a ratio of [3:2] or 1½ times faster than the
CX25870/871 outputs the analog pixel data. In this mode, the encoder's expansive
on-chip FIFO bridges the frequency difference that now exists between the
digital-timing input and mixed-signal encoder output blocks of the CX25870/871.
The result is a much closer match in the available overscan percentages in the
horizontal and vertical direction for the higher resolutions. This ensures the TV
Out picture appears more orthogonal where the amount of blanking is nearly
equal on all sides of the image.
Since the Horizontal Blanking Time only becomes a critical issue at higher
resolutions, the user should use a 3:2 Clocking Mode only when necessary at
800x600, and always at 1024x768. For software programming ease, some of the
autoconfiguration modes for 800x600 and all for the 1024x768 resolution are 3:2
solutions already. The specific modes that use the 3:2 clock feature are contained
in Appendix C and summarized in Table 1-6 below.
Table 1-6. Autoconfiguration Solutions that Utilize 3:2 Clocking Mode
Autoconfiguration
Mode #
100381B
Active Resolution
Type of Digital Input
Overscan Ratio
Video Output Type
10
1024x768
RGB
Standard
NTSC
11
1024x768
RGB
Standard
PAL-BDGHI
14
1024x768
YCrCb
Standard
NTSC
15
1024x768
YCrCb
Standard
PAL-BDGHI
18
800x600
RGB
Lower
NTSC
22
800x600
YCrCb
Lower
NTSC
26
1024x768
RGB
Lower
NTSC
30
1024x768
YCrCb
Lower
NTSC
34
800x600
RGB
Higher
NTSC
40
800x600
RGB
Alternate
NTSC
42
1024x768
RGB
Higher
NTSC
43
1024x768
RGB
Higher
PAL-BDGHI
Conexant
1-17
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
If the desired overscan ratio is not available via a particular autoconfiguration
mode, you should derive another 3:2 Solution via Super Cockpit (i.e., CX25870
register programming tool), or contact your local FAE directly. If done correctly,
this CX25870/871 register set will have PLL_32CLK (bit 5 of register 0x38) set
and adjust the timing registers appropriately.
1.3.7 Master, Pseudo-Master, and Slave Interfaces
Like its predecessor, the Bt868/869, the CX25870/871 encoder can be operated in
three possible interfaces. These connection types are named master,
pseudo-master, and slave. The clocking ability of the master device and direction
of the timing signals dictate what particular interface is used between the
Conexant encoder and graphics controller/data master device.
1.3.7.1 Master Interface
In master interface, CLKO, HSYNC*, VSYNC*, and BLANK*, are generated by
the encoder as outputs. These signals’ leading edges denote when a new clock
period, new line, and new frame starts respectively. Because the encoder transmits
the clock and timing signals, this interface is also referred to as clocking
master/timing master.
An illustration of the master interface is shown below using the graphics
controller as the master device and S-Video and two Composite ports as the video
outputs.
Figure 1-5. Operating the CX25870/871 in Master Interface
Clock
Clock
Delay
Graphics
Controller
RGB or
YCrCb
CLKI
CLKO
CX25870/
CX25871
Composite #1
Luma
S-Video
Chroma
Composite #2
HSYNC*
VSYNC*
BLANK*
100381_054
A minimum of 9 inputs (CLKI and 8 lines for pixel data- P[7:0]) and 3 outputs
(HSYNC*, VSYNC*, and CLKO) are required for this configuration. The
amount of inputs could grow as high as 25 if 24-bit RGB nonmultiplexed mode is
chosen as the Input Pixel Mode (i.e., IN_MODE[3:0] = 0011) by the designer.
Master interface can only exist if the graphics controller can accept the
encoder’s reference clock and send back a version of that clock at the same
frequency with the pixel data transitions synchronized to CLKI’s rising and
falling edges. This is accomplished via the VGA encoder’s clock output (CLKO)
and clock input (CLKI) ports.
1-18
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
1.3.7.2 Reason for
BLANK*
If the graphics controller possesses pixel-based resolution (i.e., pixels are only a
single pixel clock wide) then the encoder does not have to transmit or receive the
BLANK* signal. However, for graphics controllers that are character clock based,
a BLANK* signal is necessary.
The BLANK line is necessary because a character clock is actually 8 or 9
pixel clocks in duration. This causes several pixel clocks to elapse, resulting in an
erroneous delay prior to the next HSYNC* being observed by the encoder and the
next line starting. The only method of compensating for this delay is for character
clock based controllers to use the BLANK* signal. This signal is required in the
physical interface to indicate the exact location of the first active pixel on each
line.
1.3.7.3 Pseudo-Master
Interface
In pseudo-master interface, the CX25870/871 generates clock reference signal,
CLKO as an output. This signal’s purpose is to inform the graphics controller the
exact frequency at which the data must be sent to the encoder. Timing signals,
HSYNC*, VSYNC*, and BLANK*, are received by the encoder as inputs. The
leading edges of these signals denote when a new clock period, new line, and new
frame starts, respectively. Because this connection scheme shares mastering
responsibilities, the interface is also named clocking master/timing slave.
An illustration of the pseudo-master interface is illustrated below using the
graphics controller as the timing master device.
Figure 1-6. Operating the CX25870/871 in Pseudo-Master Interface
Clock
Clock
Delay
Graphics
Controller
RGB or
YCrCb
CLKI
CLKO
CX25870/
CX25871
Composite #1
Luma
Chroma
Composite #2
HSYNC*
VSYNC*
BLANK*
100381_055
A minimum of 11 inputs (CLKI, HSYNC*, VSYNC*, and 8 lines for pixel
data- P[7:0]) and 1 output (CLKO) are required for this configuration. The
amount of inputs could grow as high as 28 if 24-bit RGB nonmultiplexed mode is
chosen as the Input Pixel Mode (i.e., IN_MODE[3:0] = 0111) by the designer.
Pseudo-Master interface can only exist if the graphics controller can accept
the encoder’s reference clock and send back a version of that clock at the same
frequency with the pixel data transitions synchronized to CLKI’s rising and
falling edges. This is accomplished via the VGA encoder’s clock output (CLKO)
and clock input (CLKI) ports.
100381B
Conexant
1-19
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
1.3.7.4 Slave Interface
In slave interface, no output signals are generated by the encoder. The
CX25870/871 relies strictly on the graphics controller to send clock and timing
signals to trigger when a new clock period, new line, and new frame starts.
Because no frequency reference signal is used (CLKO), the master device must
pre-program the encoder with an appropriate register set so the CX25870/871
expects data at the specific digital pixel rate prior to actually receiving the data. In
addition, the timing signals must be shaped so they adhere to the appropriate slave
interface timing diagrams illustrated in Chapter 4.0. Due to the added complexity
of this interface, Conexant recommends its use only as a final option.
The slave interface is illustrated in Figure 1-7 below using the graphics
controller as the master device and S-Video and 2 Composite ports as the video
outputs.
Figure 1-7. Operating the CX25870/871 in Slave Interface
Clock
CLKI
RGB or
Graphics
Controller
YCrCb
Cx25870/
CX25871
Composite #1
Luma
Chroma
Composite #2
HSYNC*
VSYNC*
BLANK*
100381_056
A minimum of 11 inputs (CLKI, HSYNC*, VSYNC*, and P[7:0]) are
required for this configuration. The amount of inputs will increase to 15 (without
BLANK*) or 16 (with BLANK*) if 24-bit multiplexed RGB mode is chosen as
the Input Pixel Mode (i.e., IN_MODE[3:0] = 0000) by the designer.
It is highly recommended that the device operate in master or pseudo-master
interface to ensure that the input and output video streams remain synchronized.
If either the master device, supplying the HSYNC* and VSYNC* inputs, or the
encoder, which receives the data, is not correctly programmed, the output image
will lose lock with the input. By running the CX25870/871 in either clock master
interface, any timing errors that occur can be absorbed to some extent by the
expansive on-board FIFO.
1-20
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3.7.5 Slave Interface
Without a Crystal
100381B
1.3 Device Description
For price-sensitive applications, it is possible to remove the crystal found between
the XTALIN and XTALOUT ports and strictly utilize the incoming CLKI signal
as both the data transfer mechanism and internal main clock source for the
encoder. To complete this architecture, the data master must also program the
CX25870’s EN_XCLK bit to 1. This will trigger CLKI to be used for all
operations requiring a clock source and force the encoder to ignore any
oscillations received via its XTALIN and XTALOUT pins. The flicker filter and
timing blocks will utilize this asynchronous clock on the input side for data
processing, and the encoder will combine its internal PLL and CLKI in
conjunction with the DACs to transmit video from the device.
Since CLKI will be the only incoming frequency reference, the encoder uses
this signal to run its internal PLL for derivation of the video color subcarrier
(Fsc). Since PAL and SECAM televisions are not lenient in accepting color
subcarrier frequencies with more than 25 ppm error (i.e., Fsc ± 330 Hz), it is
critical the data master maintain a very high level of accuracy for the incoming
clock. In numerical terms, this means that the incoming clock should always
remain within a window of {ideal CLKI} ± 25 ppm. As an example, for
autoconfiguration mode #1, CLKI would have to reside in the range
[29.499270 MHz < ideal CLKI = 29.500008 MHz < 29.500746 MHz.]
Tight control of the incoming digital clock ensures that the CX25870
generates an analog Fsc of 4.433618 MHz ± 338 Hz for PAL-BGHI or 4.250000 /
4.406250 MHz ± 338 Hz for SECAM. Actual testing has found that excursions
outside this range result in loss of color for PAL and SECAM televisions and
sometimes affect NTSC sets in the same manner.
When the CX25870 is receiving an external clock, its serial bus is also
dependent on this incoming signal. As a result, the data master should never
disable the input clock. If this happens, even momentarily, the only way the
encoder can recover is for the data master to pin RESET* the CX25870. The
encoder will then be re-enabled as a timing master and respond again to serial
commands transmitted by the data master.
Several other registers must be reprogrammed to make this special type of
interface work properly. Consult your local Conexant representative for technical
assistance.
Conexant
1-21
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
1.3.8 Autoconfiguration and Interface Bits
The default operation of the CX25870/871 is tied into its 44 autoconfiguration
modes. Autoconfiguring the device occurs when bits CONFIG[5:3] and
CONFIG[2:0] in register 0xB8 are programmed to any state from 000000 to
101111. At the conclusion of this serial write, default values are copied from the
CX25870/871’s internal ROM into the most important timing registers that have
the indices 0x38 and 0x76 to 0xB4, inclusive. All other registers are not changed
at the conclusion of an autoconfiguration mode.
After an autoconfiguration command, the CX25870/871 device remains in the
same interface it was in before the command execution. Depending on which
autoconfiguration mode# was initiated, the CX25870/871 will expect to receive
either a 320x200, 320x240, 640x400, 640x480, 720x400, 720x480, 720x576,
800x600, or 1024x768 active digital input frame and output a NTSC or a PAL
composite and/or S-video signal. See Table 2-5 of this data sheet for a description
of CONFIG[5:0] and Appendix C for more detail on each autoconfiguration
mode.
Using an autoconfiguration mode is the easiest method for bringing up the
most popular desktop, game/Direct X, DOS boot-up screen, and DVD resolutions
with the encoder as both the timing and clock master. This is true even if the
graphics controller cannot utilize the CX25870/871 in master mode but must use
pseudo-master mode. To turn the direction of the SYNCs around so they are
transmitted by the graphics controller and received by the CX25870/871 simply
requires reprogramming the encoder via several serial writes.
The Interface bits that need to be changed are SLAVER, EN_BLANKO,
EN_DOT, and EN_OUT. Since the abilities of graphics controllers vary greatly,
Tables 1-7 through 1-12 have been compiled below to explain the relationship
between the Interface bits and the actual interface itself. Even more permutations
of the following interfaces below are possible but Tables 1-7 to 1-12 capture the
six most popular architectures.
Table 1-7. Master Interface without a BLANK* Signal (Default Immediately after any Autoconfiguration Command)
Interfaced Used
MASTER (default)
BLANK* is an output from the
CX25870/871 or BLANK* µs NOT
included as part of the interface.
1-22
SLAVER (Bit 5 of
0xBA) ORed with
Slave Pin
EN_BLANKO
(MSb of Register
0xC6)
EN_DOT (Bit 6
of Register
0xC6)
EN_OUT (LSb
of Register
0xC4)
0
1
0
1
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
•
•
•
•
1.3 Device Description
If the SLAVE pin is tied to GND, the state of the SLAVER bit dictates
whether the CX25870/871 is the timing master or timing slave by
controlling the direction of the HSYNC* and VSYNC* ports. In other
words, SLAVER will determine whether the overall interface is master or
pseudo-master. The SLAVER bit allows the graphics controller vendor to
switch between master video timing and slave video timing through
software so long as the SLAVE pin (#51) is low.
EN_BLANKO is high (=1), signifying the CX25870/871's BLANK* port
is an output or that NO BLANK* signal is used as part of the system.
EN_DOT = 0 telling the CX25870/871 to use its internal counters to
determine the active versus the blanking regions.
EN_OUT = 1 ensures there is a clock output (CLKO) from the
CX25870/871 and also enables HSYNC* and VSYNC* outputs.
Table 1-8. Master Interface with a BLANK* Input to the CX25870/871
Interfaced Used
MASTER
BLANK* SIGNAL
transmitted to the
CX25870/871 and
received as an input.
SLAVER (Bit 5 of
0xBA) ORed with
Slave Pin
EN_BLANKO (MSb
of Register 0xC6)
EN_DOT (Bit 6 of
Register 0xC6)
EN_OUT (LSb of
Register 0xC4)
0
0
1
1
•
•
•
•
If the SLAVE pin is tied to GND, the state of the SLAVER bit dictates
whether the CX25870/871 is the timing master or timing slave by
controlling the direction of the HSYNC* and VSYNC* ports. In other
words, SLAVER determines whether the overall interface is master or
pseudo-master. The SLAVER bit allows the graphics controller vendor to
switch between master video timing and slave video timing through
software so long as SLAVE pin (#51) is low.
EN_BLANKO is low (= 0), signifying the CX25870/871's BLANK* port
is an input.
EN_DOT = 1 telling the CX25870/871 to use the BLANK* signal it is
receiving to determine where active video starts (rising edge of BLANK*)
and uses HACTIVE register to determine the start of the blanking region.
EN_OUT = 1 ensures there is a clock output (CLKO) from the
CX25870/871 and also enables HSYNC* and VSYNC* outputs.
Table 1-9. Pseudo-Master Interface without a BLANK* Signal
Interfaced Used
PSEUDO MASTER
BLANK* is NOT
included as part of
the interface.
100381B
SLAVER (Bit 5 of
0xBA) ORed with
Slave Pin
EN_BLANKO (MSb
of Register 0xC6)
EN_DOT (Bit 6 of
Register 0xC6)
EN_OUT (LSb of
Register 0xC4)
1
1
0
1
Conexant
1-23
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
•
•
•
•
SLAVER bit = 1 so the CX25870/871 is the video timing slave. It expects
to receive the syncs from the graphics controller.
EN_BLANKO is high(=1), signifying the CX25870/871's BLANK* port
is an output or that NO BLANK* signal is used as part of the system.
EN_DOT = 0 telling the CX25870/871 to use its internal counters to
determine the active versus the blanking regions.
EN_OUT = 1 ensures there is a clock output (CLKO) from the
CX25870/871.
Table 1-10. Pseudo-Master Interface with a BLANK* Input to the CX25870/871
Interfaced Used
SLAVER (Bit 5 of
0xBA) ORed with
Slave Pin
EN_BLANKO (MSb
of Register 0xC6)
EN_DOT (Bit 6 of
Register 0xC6)
EN_OUT (LSb of
Register 0xC4)
1
0
1
1
PSEUDO MASTER
BLANK* SIGNAL
transmitted to the
CX25870/871 and
received as an input.
•
•
•
•
SLAVER bit = 1 so the CX25870/871 is the video timing slave. It expects
to receive the syncs from the graphics controller.
EN_BLANKO is low (= 0), signifying the CX25870/871's BLANK* port
is an input.
EN_DOT = 1 telling the CX25870/871 to use the BLANK* signal it is
receiving to determine where active video starts (rising edge of BLANK*)
and where the blanking region starts (falling edge).
EN_OUT = 1 ensures there is a clock output (CLKO) from the
CX25870/871.
Table 1-11. Slave Interface without a BLANK* Signal
Interfaced Used
SLAVE
BLANK* is NOT
included as part
of the interface.
SLAVER (Bit 5
of 0xBA) ORed
with Slave Pin
EN_BLANKO
(MSb of
Register 0xC6)
EN_DOT (Bit 6
of Register
0xC6)
EN_OUT (LSb of
Register 0xC4)
EN_XCLK (MSb
of Register
0xA0)
1
1
0
0
1
•
•
1-24
After an autoconfiguration command, the CX25870/871 expects active
low VSYNC* and HSYNC* signals from the controller. The format of
pixels at input of encoder needs to be 24-bit RGB multiplexed unless
modifications are made to the IN_MODE[3:0] 4-bit sequence.
In addition to Table 1-11, another bit must be programmed manually with
this interface. The most significant bit of CX25870/871 register 0xA0
must be set. This guarantees that EN_XCLK is high (=1) which will allow
the CX25870/871 to accept CLKI as the pixel clock source.
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
•
•
•
•
1.3 Device Description
SLAVER bit = 1 the CX25870/871 is the video timing slave. It expects to
receive the syncs from the graphics controller. Since the CX25870 is in
slave mode, the HSYNC* and VSYNC* outputs will be three-stated and
the CX25870/871 will be set up to receive these timing signals from the
graphics controller.
EN_BLANKO is high (=1), signifying the CX25870/871's BLANK* port
is an output or that NO BLANK* signal is used as part of the system.
EN_DOT = 0 telling the CX25870/871 to use its internal counters to
determine the active versus the blanking regions.
EN_OUT = 0: This ensures the clock output port (CLKO) is three-stated
from the encoder.
Table 1-12. Slave Interface with a BLANK* Input to the CX25870/871
Interfaced Used
SLAVE
BLANK* SIGNAL
transmitted to
the CX25870/871
and received as
an input.
SLAVER (Bit 5
of 0xBA) ORed
with Slave Pin
EN_BLANKO
(MSb of
Register 0xC6)
EN_DOT (Bit 6
of Register
0xC6)
EN_OUT (LSb of
Register 0xC4)
EN_XCLK (MSb
of Register
0xA0)
1
0
1
0
1
•
•
•
•
•
•
NOTE:
100381B
After an autoconfiguration command, the CX25870/871 expects active
low VSYNC* and HSYNC* signals from the controller. The format of
pixels at input of encoder needs to be 24-bit RGB multiplexed unless
modifications are made to the IN_MODE[3:0] 4-bit sequence.
In addition to Table 1-11, another bit must be programmed manually with
this interface. The most significant bit of CX25870/871 register 0xA0
must be set. This guarantees that EN_XCLK will be high (=1) which will
allow the CX25870/871 to accept CLKI as the pixel clock source.
SLAVER bit = 1 so the CX25870/871 is the video timing slave. It will
expect to receive the syncs from the graphics controller. Since the
CX25870 is in slave mode, then the HSYNC* and VSYNC* outputs will
be three-stated and the CX25870/871 will be set up to receive these timing
signals from the graphics controller.
EN_BLANKO is low (= 0), signifying the CX25870/871's BLANK* port
is an input.
EN_DOT = 1, telling the CX25870/871 to use the BLANK* signal it is
receiving to determine where active video starts (rising edge of BLANK*)
and the HACTIVE register to denote where the blanking region starts.
EN_OUT = 0: This will ensure the clock output port (CLKO) is
three-stated from the encoder.
Autoconfiguration Mode #28 and #29 for NTSC and PAL DVD Playback
place the encoder into slave interface where it expects a BLANK* input
(Table 1-11).
Conexant
1-25
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
1.3.9 Adaptations for Clock-Limited Master Devices
Ideally, the graphics controller or proprietary ASIC, in combination with the
CX25870/871, operates in either master or pseudo-master interface. Occasionally,
using either of the clock master configurations is not possible because the master
device does not have the capabilities of receiving a clock from the encoder nor
can it synchronize the digital data with this clock on its return. If either limitation
exists, only slave interface can be used for the system configuration. Often,
within the slave interface, the data master can only generate certain discrete clock
frequencies. This means the encoder has to make extra accommodations for
normal TV Out to occur.
Fortunately, the encoder does have the flexibility to adapt to almost any
incoming clock frequency in the range from 20 MHz to 80 MHz. All that is
required is to follow the procedure in Table 1-13 which forces the encoder to
accept a frequency through CLKI that does not match any CX25870/871
autoconfiguration frequency. Once the CX25870/871’s 4-byte wide MSC register
is reprogrammed accordingly, the result is the generation of the correct color
subcarrier frequency for NTSC or PAL and corresponding proper S-Video or
Composite TV output.
Table 1-13 and Table 1-14 contain the procedures required for the encoder to
accept a frequency through CLKI that is not equal but is close to the chosen
CX25870/871 autoconfiguration mode clock frequency. Completion of the steps
contained in the two tables will modify the MSC register and PLL_INT and
PLL_FRACT registers correctly and thus produce an accurate NTSC or PAL
analog output.
Table 1-13. Adjustment to the CX25870/871 MSC Registers
What is input frequency to CX25870/871’s CLKI input from data master?
Depending on answer to step 1, find an autoconfiguration mode that has a frequency close to the
incoming input frequency (within 1 MHz is preferred).
3. Look up the clock frequency for the chosen autoconfiguration mode in Appendix C of the
CX25870/871 data sheet.
4. Determine the scaling factor ‘x’ where
x=
input frequency to CLKI input (usually from data master)
autoconfiguration mode frequency as specified in Appendix C
1.
2.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
1-26
Determine the autoconfiguration mode’s MSC[31:0] value in hex by reading back the CX25870/871’s
registers; 0xB4(=MSB), 0xB2, 0xB0, 0xAE(=LSB). These register values can also be found by
looking them up in Register C. The values determined will have to be cascaded together.
Convert the MSC[31:0] 4-byte hexadecimal value to decimal.
Divide the total found from step 6 by the scaling factor ‘x’ found from step 4.
Convert the answer from step 7 to the hexadecimal format. This value should be comprised of a total
of 4 bytes. The most significant byte will likely not change from the previous value in register
MSC[31:24]. Other MSC values may not change either but the least significant bytes should have
definitely been modified.
Program the bytes determined from step 8 into the CX25870/871’s MSC[31:0] registers. Write these
bytes in order to registers 0xB4 (most significant byte = MSC[31:24]), 0xB2, 0xB0, and 0xAE (least
significant byte = MSC[7:0]).
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Table 1-14. Adjustment to the PLL_INT and PLL_FRACT Registers
What is input frequency to CX25870/871’s CLKI input from data master?
Depending on answer to step 1, find an autoconfiguration mode that has a clock frequency close to the
incoming CLKI frequency (within 1 MHz is preferred).
3. Look up the desired clock frequency for the chosen autoconfiguration mode in Appendix C of the
CX25870/871 data sheet.
4. Determine the scaling factor ‘x’ where:
1.
2.
x=
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
input frequency to CLKI input (usually from data master)
autoconfiguration mode frequency as specified in Appendix C
Determine the PLL_INT value in hex by reading back the CX25870/871’s register 0xA0 for that
autoconfiguration mode. This register value can also be found by looking it up in Appendix C.
Convert the PLL_INT register value to decimal.
Multiply the answer found in step 6 by 216 = 65536.
Determine the PLL_FRACT value in hex by reading back the CX25870/871’s register 0x9E and 0x9C.
These two registers cascade to form the PLL_FRACT[15:0] 2-byte value. These register values can
also be found by looking them up in Appendix C.
Convert the 2-byte PLL_FRACT register value to decimal.
From steps 7 and 9, add the PLL_INT and PLL_FRACT decimal values.
Multiply the total found from step 10 by the scaling factor ‘x’ found from step 4.
Convert the answer from step 11 to the hexadecimal format. The value should be comprised of a total
of three bytes. The most significant byte will likely be the original PLL_INT[7:0] byte from step 2.
Program the bytes determined from step 12 into the CX25870/871’s PLL_INT[7:0] and
PLL_FRACT[15:0] registers. The most significant byte from step 12 is the new PLL_INT value.
Write this to register 0xA0. The 2 least significant bytes from step 12 is the new PLL_FRACT value.
Write these bytes in order to registers 0xBE and 0xBC respectively.
1.3.10 Input Formats
The device can convert a wide range of input formats to analog standard or
HDTV television video formats. The input can be either noninterlaced or
interlaced digital data from 320 x 200 to a maximum of 1024 x 768 pixels per
frame for standard TV outputs. While generating HDTV outputs the device can
accept greater than 1024 x 768 input frames. Many other nonstandard input
formats can be encoded as well. For detailed information on the CCIR601 mode,
please refer to the DVD Movie Playback Architecture and Solutions Application
Note. This application note can be obtained from your local Conexant Systems
sales office.
For instructions on how to display nonstandard resolutions on the TV, request
the “Supporting TV Out with Non-Standard Graphics Input Resolutions”
Application Note from your local Conexant Systems sales office.
100381B
Conexant
1-27
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
1.3.11 Input Pixel Timing
The device can accept the input data in either RGB or YCrCb color spaces. Data
can be input either a full pixel at a time clocked in on the rising edge of CLKI
only, or in various multiplexed modes, using both edges of CLKI.
In YCrCb format, either 24-bit 4:4:4 data or 16-bit 4:2:2 data can be input. In
RGB format, either 15-bit 5:5:5, 16 bit 5:6:5, or 24-bit RGB can be input. In
16-bit 4:2:2 YCrCb input format, multiplexed Y, Cr, and Cb data is input through
the P[11:4] or P[7:0]input pins. The Y data is input on the falling edge of CLKI.
The Cr/Cb data is input on the rising edge of CLKI. The Cb/Y/Cr/Y sequence
begins at the first active pixel. An additional 4:2:2 YCrCb input format maps Y to
P[19:12] and Cr/Cb multiplexed on P[11:4]. In 24-bit 4:4:4 YCrCb input format,
multiplexed Y, Cr, and Cb data is input through the P[11:0] inputs. Both the rising
and falling edge of CLKI sample the input data.
In RGB input format, input data is sampled as 12 bits at a time in 24-bit RGB
format or 8 bits at a time in 15/16 bit RGB format on both the rising and falling
edge of CLKI. Table 1-2 shows the data pin assignments for all available
multiplexed input formats.
In addition, all 24-bit formats, a 16-bit RGB format, and a 16-bit YCrCb
format can utilize the nonmultiplexed clocking method. See Table 1-3 for these
pin-to-bit assignments.
1.3.12 YCrCb Inputs (For Standard TV Outputs)
Y has a nominal range of 16–235; Cr and Cb have a nominal range of 16–240,
with 128 (80 hex) equal to zero. Values of 0 and 255 are interpreted as 1 and 254,
respectively. Y values of 1–15 and 236–254, and CrCb values of 1–15 and
241–254, are interpreted as valid linear values.
1-28
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Figure 1-8 illustrates the frequency response of the sub-sampling process. If
4:4:4 data is input, it is subsampled to 4:2:2 prior to overscan compensation and
flicker filtering.
Figure 1-8. Decimation Filter at Fs=27 MHz
Chroma Decimation Filter
0
5
10
Decibels (dB)
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Frequency (Fs = 27 MHz)
100381_005
The resulting 4:2:2 output must then be converted to YUV values and then
scaled for the output range of the DACs. The MY, MCR, and MCB registers must
be programmed to perform this conversion. The scaling equations are as follows:
MY = (int) [V100/(219.0 * VFS) * 26 + 0.5]
MCR = (int)[(128.0/127.0) * V100 * 0.877/(224.0 * VFS * 0.713 * sinx) * 26 + 0.5]
MCB = (int)[(128.0/127.0)* V100 * 0.493/(224.0 * VFS * 0.564 * sinx) * 26 + 0.5]
where:V100 = 100% white voltage (0.661 V for NTSC, 0.7 V for PAL/SECAM)
VFS = Full scale output voltage (1.28 V)
Fsc = color subcarrier frequency (see Table A-2)
Fclk = Analog pixel rate
Sinx = Sin (π ·FSC/FCLK)/(π ·FSC/FCLK)
100381B
Conexant
1-29
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
1.3.13 RGB Inputs (For Standard TV Outputs)
With IN_MODE[3:0] set to a RGB mode, the encoder must receive digital
gamma-corrected RGB data as an input. If this occurs, the RGB data will be
converted to Y/R-Y/B-Y as follows:
Y[9:0] = [INT(0.299 * 210) * R[7:0]} + INT(0.587 * 210 * G[7:0] + INT(0.114 *
210) * B[7:0] + 27] * 2-8
0 ≤ Y[9:0] ≤ 1024
For 15 and 16 bit RGB input formats, individual R, G, and B values are left
justified to eight bit numbers.
After the initial conversion, the Y/R-Y/B-Y values are sub-sampled to 4:2:2
data prior to overscan compensation and flicker filtering.
The resulting 4:2:2 output must then be converted to YUV values and then
scaled for the output range of the DACs. The MY, MCR, and MCB registers must
be programmed to perform this conversion. The scaling equations are:
MY = (int)[V100/(255 * VFS)*26 + 0.5]
MCR = (int)[(128.0/127.0) * V100 * 0.877/(127 * VFS * sinx) * 25 + 0.5]
MCB = (int)[(128.0/127.0) * V100 * 0.493/(127 * VFS * sinx) * 25 + 0.5]
where:V100 = 100% white voltage (0.661 V for NTSC, 0.7 V for PAL)
VFS = Full scale output voltage (1.28 V)
Fsc = color subcarrier frequency (see Table A-2)
Fclk = CLKI input frequency
Sinx = Sin [(2π FSC/FCLK)/(2π FSC/FCLK)]
For SECAM formulas see the SECAM section.
1.3.14 Input Pixel Horizontal Sync
The HSYNC* pin provides line synchronization for the pixel input data. It is an
output in master interface and an input in slave and pseudo-master interface. In
the master interface, it is a pulse two CLKI cycles in duration whose leading edge
indicates the beginning of a new line of pixel data. The period between two
consecutive HSYNC* pulses is H_CLKI CLK cycles. The first active pixel
should be presented to the device H_BLANKI minus the internal pipelined clock
(5 CLK cycles) after the leading edge of HSYNC*. The next H_ACTIVE pixels
are accepted as active pixels and used in the construction of the output video. In
the slave interface the exact number of clocks per line (H_CLKI) must be
provided as calculated for the desired overscan ratio. Only the leading edge of
HSYNC* is used, low times must be at least two CLKI cycles in duration.
HSYNC* is clocked into the encoder by the rising edge of CLKI.
The polarity of the HSYNC* signal is changed by the HSYNCI register bit.
The default convention is active low.
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CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
1.3.15 Input Pixel Vertical Sync
The VSYNC* pin provides field synchronization for the pixel input data. It is an
output in master interface, and an input in the slave and the pseudo-master
interface.
For noninterlaced input timing in master interface, VSYNC* is a pulse one
horizontal line time in duration whose leading edge indicates the beginning of a
frame of input pixel data. The leading edge coincides with the leading edge of
HSYNC*. The period of the pulses is V_LINESI horizontal lines. The first line of
active data should be presented to the device V_BLANKI lines after the leading
edge of VSYNC*. The next V_ACTIVEI lines are accepted as active lines and
used in the construction of the output video.
The CX25870/871 disregards lines after the leading edge of VSYNC* but
before VSYNC* + V_BLANKI lines by not encoding them. In slave interface,
the period must be exactly the frame rate of the desired video format. Only the
leading edge is used, and the high and low duration must be at least two CLKI
cycles. The beginning of the frame of data is indicated by the next leading edge of
HSYNC* coincident with or after the leading edge of VSYNC*.
For interlaced input timing, only the slave interface is supported. The period
must be exactly the frame rate of the desired video format. If the leading edge of
HSYNC* and VSYNC* are coincident, that indicates the input is in odd field, the
internal line counter is reset to line 1 at the leading edge of VSYNC*. If the
leading edges of HSYNC* and VSYNC* are not coincident, and separated by a
minimum of two CLKI cycles, this indicates the input is an even field. In this
case, the internal line counter is reset to line 2 at the beginning of the next line.
Only the leading edge of VSYNC* is used, and the high and low VSYNC* width
must be at least two CLKI cycles. VSYNC* is clocked in by the rising edge of
CLKI.
The polarity of the VSYNC* input and output can be programmed by the
VSYNCI register bit. The default convention is active low. The FLD_MODE bits
allow further flexibility in HSYNC* and VSYNC* timing relationship.
1.3.16 Input Pixel Blanking
Input pixel blanking can be controlled by either the BLANK* pin or by the
internal registers. Blanking can be programmed independently of master or slave
interface using the EN_BLANKO register bit. As an output (EN_BLANKO = 1),
pixel blanking is generated based on the active area defined by H_BLANKI,
H_ACTIVE, V_BLANKI, and V_ACTIVEI registers. With EN_BLANKO = 1,
the BLANK* pin is output in the proper relationship to the syncs to indicate the
location of active pixels. As an input (EN_BLANKO = 0), when the BLANK* pin
goes high, it indicates the start of active pixels at the pixel input pins. In addition,
the H_BLANKI register must be programmed properly. The duration of active
data is still determined by the H_ACTIVE register. BLANK* is clocked by the
rising edge of CLKI.
An additional function for the BLANK* pin is used if the EN_DOT register
bit is set. If EN_DOT = 1, the BLANK* pin becomes an input whose rising edge
defines the graphics controller character clock boundary. This is used internally
by the encoder to keep track of the exact pixel count for controllers that cannot
operate at pixel clock rates but instead operate at VGA character clock rates.
The polarity of the BLANK* input/output can be programmed by the
BLANKI register bit. The default convention is active low.
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CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Table 1-15 summarizes the direction of the BLANK* encoder in each
interface. For more information refer to Section 1.3.8.
Table 1-15. Summary of Allowable BLANK* Signal Directions by Interface
Interface
Allowable Direction of BLANK*
Master
Input or Output
Pseudo-master
Input
Slave
Input
1.3.17 Overscan Compensation
Overscan compensation is the process by which the encoder converts the digital
input lines to the appropriate number of output lines for producing a full-screen
image on the television receiver. This conversion is done in accordance with the
Vertical Scaling Ratio (VSR). VSR is the ratio of the number of input lines
received to number of output lines generated by the CX25870 (i.e., 262.5
lines/field for NTSC and 312.5 lines/field for PAL-BDGHI and SECAM). Using
the correct amount of compensation in both the horizontal and vertical
dimensions (at least 10 percent) will ensure that the entire digital image normally
seen on the PC monitor is satisfactorily mapped to the analog television without
any pixels or lines hidden in unviewable areas.
Increasing the Horizontal Overscan Compensation (HOC) percentage while
keeping the Vertical Overscan Compensation (VOC) percentage the same will
have several effects on the VGA Encoder. First, the number of output clocks per
line (H_CLKO) will increase. Correspondingly, the clock frequencies shared
between the data master and CX25870 (i.e., CLKO = CLKI) will increase.
Therefore, the original number of active pixels will be squeezed into a smaller
analog video display region because the frequency at which input data is clocked
into the CX25870 has increased. Since the CX25870 now processes active data at
a faster rate than CCIR601-only compatible encoders, the graphics controller will
need to transmit more blank pixels per line (i.e., HTOTAL must increase to match
CX25870’s H_CLKI) to make up the difference.
Increasing the (VOC) percentage while keeping the Horizontal Overscan
Compensation percentage the same will have several different effects on the VGA
Encoder. First, the H_CLKO total will stay the same as will the pixel rate (i.e.,
CLKI = CLKO). These parameters are dictated by the HOC value only. Second,
the number of total vertical input lines (V_LINESI = data master’s VTOTAL) will
increase, which will increase the internal VSR. The net result is that more active
pixels and more active lines will be used to generate each output line. The only
way for the graphics controller to transmit these additional input lines with the
same clock frequency as before is to decrease the amount of blanked pixels per
line.
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1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
To support a custom overscan ratio, an entire set of overscan compensation
calculations is required. This results in as many as 25 new register values for the
CX25870. For ease of use, these equations are embedded into Conexant’s
programming application called Super Cockpit. Each computation is somewhat
interdependent on the others but the basic overscan equations are as follows:
(*) VSR = (V_LINESI) / (# of total output lines per field)
and
(**) # Blanked Pixels = {[H_CLKO / VSR] – H_ACTIVE}
For illustrative purposes, the calculations used to generate the 13.785 percent
HOC percentage for Autoconfiguration Mode 0–640x480 RGB in, H_CLKO =
1792, NTSC output, are shown below:
From Appendix C (CX25870/871 Data Sheet):
Number of clocks necessary to latch in the V.S.R. # of input lines for every 1
analog output line = 1792 CLKs [i.e., H_CLKO]
CX25870 must ensure input is 2X upsampled.
Therefore:
# active CLKs per analog line = 2*(H_ACTIVE)
# active CLKs per analog line = 1280 active CLKs per analog line
percent of input used to create active video area = {1280 active CLKs / 1792
total CLKs} = 71.4286 percent
Therefore:
(x) = active region percent of analog output line = 71.4286 percent
(y) = active region percent of typical analog video for NTSC = 52.65556 µs /
63.55556 µs = (y) = 82.4945 percent of line is active
Ratio of [x/y] = {71.4286 percent / 82.4945 percent} = 0.862147
HOC percentage = 1–{Ratio of [x/y]}
HOC percent = 1–0.862147 = 13.785 percent = HOC percentage for
Autoconfiguration Mode 0
As a result, 13.785 percent of the horizontal active region within each line of
an NTSC signal will be forcibly blanked by the CX25870. For most TVs, this will
resize the upsampled digital image properly so all of the pixels fit horizontally
within the bezeled area of North American or Japanese TVs. The 13.785 percent
overscan percentage is equally distributed on either side of the horizontal active
region (i.e., 13.785 percent / 2 = 6.89 percent extra blanking for the beginning and
end of the line). The original 640 active pixels (i.e., H_ACTIVE) will then be
‘squeezed’ into the remaining analog active region due to the faster pixel rate.
The explanation of the vertical overscan percentage value is similar. For
autoconfiguration mode #0, V_ACTIVEO is 212, which means there are 210 full
active lines per field. The first and last lines are filtered lines that assist in
smoothing the transitions into and out of the active region to avoid flickering and
are not counted. Any NTSC standard calls for 243 active lines per field, so
210/243 = 0.864198 of the vertical active region is used. This calculation yields a
vertical overscan compensation percentage of 100–86.4198 = 13.5802 percent.
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1.0 Functional Description
1.3 Device Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Flicker filtering and vertical and horizontal overscan compensation are NOT
SUPPORTED in any interlaced RGB or YCrCb input format sent to the
CX25870. Interlaced input data is commonly used for DVD Out from a MPEG2
Decoder chip. Because of the data and image content types, flicker filtering and
overscan compensation are not necessary in this case.
Illustrations showing the before and after effects of overscan compensation
can be found in Figures 1-9 and 1-10.
Active Viewable Area with no
Vertical Overscan Compensation
* a number of active lines are
hidden behind TV's bezel
Figure 1-9. Windows Desktop Image From Encoder Without Overscan Compensation
Active Viewable Area with no
Horizontal Overscan Compensation
* a number of active pixels are
hidden behind TV's bezel
NOTE(S):
Overscan percentages taken from CX25870's Autoconfiguration Mode 0.
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1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
13.58 % / 2 =
6.79 % Blanking on Each Side
of TV
Figure 1-10. Windows Desktop Image From CX25870 With Overscan Compensation
13.78 % / 2 =
6.89 % Blanking on Each Side
of TV
NOTE(S):
Overscan percentages taken from CX25870's Autoconfiguration Mode 0.
100381_073
In Figure 1-10, the CX25870 overscan compensated the 640 horizontal active
pixels of data to fit within the viewable video region. With 13.78 percent HOC,
the active data is contained within a 45.397 µs. portion of time within each active
line while the remaining 7.26 µs (52.65556 µs.–45.397 µs.) part of the active
region is blanked by the encoder.
The net result of overscan compensation will be an interlaced NTSC, PAL, or
SECAM video image that fits within the bezel area of a TV Monitor. Correct
choice of the HOC and Vertical Overscan Compensation (VOC) percentages is
important so that no regions of the active input image will be hidden behind the
plastic of the TV unit. Various TVs require different HOC and VOC values to
fully utilize the entire viewable area of the TV. For the user’s convenience,
Conexant has generated Appendix A in the CX25870/871 datasheet which lists
many of the possible overscan ratios for the 3 major desktop resolutions
(640x480, 800x600, and 1024x768) and the 2 most popular video outputs (NTSC
and PAL-BDGHI). Varying amounts of blanking would be required depending on
the HOC and VOC percentages and active input resolutions.
Ultimately, the blanked regions would be dictated by the BLANK* signal
itself and/or the internal pixel counter for the CX25870/871. Actual transmission
of null or blanked pixels is not necessary since the encoder ignores any data sent
to it via the pixel input port within the blanked regions. Only the active pixels
need to be sent to the encoder from the controller during the digital active period.
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CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Figures A-1 through A-8 illustrate many of the allowable overscan
compensation percentage pairs for the major desktop resolutions and the most
popular video outputs. These figures illustrate the minimum horizontal blanking
times the data master must possess along with overscan compensation plots for
pixel based data masters as well as 8-and 9-cycle character clock based graphics
controllers.
1.3.18 Standard Flicker Filtering
To understand what flicker filtering is, one must understand two of the primary
differences between the analog video standards used by TVs and the technology
used in today’s computer monitors.
First of all, computer monitors receive their video signal in a more basic,
pristine form than TVs do. As discussed earlier, the video signal sent by a
computer to its monitor is broken into multiple electrical components (red, green,
blue and sync) while a TV signal has all necessary information combined into a
single composite signal or separate Luma and Chroma analog channels
(S-Video). In order to process this composite signal, a TV must break it up into its
original components, inevitably degrading the picture quality and creating
distortions.
A second factor contributing to the decreased quality of images displayed on
TV monitors is interlacing, a technique by which a complete TV picture is drawn
in two passes from top to bottom on the picture tube. In interlacing, the first pass
paints all the “odd” lines and the second pass paints the “even” lines. Noticeable
flicker occurs when the images in the odd lines are very different from the images
in the even lines. As the odd and even lines are alternately displayed, the eye
perceives the quick appearing and disappearing of visual information. This results
the in the irritation called flicker. Flicker is especially noticeable when viewing
thin horizontal lines that only take up a single row within the odd or even field. If,
for example, the line happens to be on an odd row, it totally disappears every time
the even rows are displayed resulting in that item appearing and disappearing at
the field rate on the TV.
Unlike TV monitors, computer monitors paint an entire image in one pass
from top to bottom, in a display format called noninterlaced or progressive.
Images displayed in a noninterlaced format do not suffer from the same flicker
problems.
For improved image quality and reduced flickering, the CX25870 contains a
5-tap or 5-line flicker filter for both the Luma (F_SELY[2:0]) channel and
Chroma (F_SELC[2:0]) channel. The Conexant standard flicker-filter works by
applying a mathematically weighted averaging algorithm to the incoming pixels
of data from different lines. This slightly alters the digital information that is
processed and eventually converted to the odd and even lines of a TV picture so
that the alternating lines are more similar to each other. This way, when they
appear and disappear in the interlacing process, the flicker is less noticeable. The
more similar the lines are made to appear, the less flicker is visible.
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1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
However, the trade-off is that as flicker is reduced, more and more information
is being altered by the encoder and potentially lost from the original picture.
Vertical resolution is therefore sacrificed and text clarity suffers especially for
small fonts below 10 points in size. For this reason, the amount of flicker filtering
is programmable and should be controllable by the end user. Finding an optimal
standard flicker filter setting for Luma and Chroma is somewhat subjective in
nature and ensures that a pleasing image is seen on the television.
Unlike other encoders, the CX25870 integrates both a standard flicker filter
and additional adaptive flicker filter. This implementation allows for the
preservation of small font text clarity and other challenging video images lost
with only one filtering step. The adaptive feature eliminates more flicker with less
loss of resolution because it is able to selectively apply more aggressive flicker
reduction only to those portions of an image where the effect will be beneficial.
Encoders lacking this adaptive filter apply the standard flicker filtering process to
the entire screen. Small text and icons often become unreadable and thin,
horizontal lines may completely disappear. The CX25870’s adaptive flicker filter
prevents this from happening and is described in its own section within this
document.
So long as progressive RGB or YCrCb data is received, the CX25870’s flicker
filter is effective with any active resolution from 320x200 to a maximum of 1024
x 768. The flicker reduction is present on any interlaced video output such as
NTSC, PAL, or SECAM. The DIS_FFILT register bit turns off the standard
flicker filter. The vertical scaling can be disabled by setting the internal
V_SCALE register to 4096 for a noninterlaced input. Finally, the CX25870
supports up to 24-bit color processing, meaning that the converted image will
feature the same depth of color as the original computer picture.
1.3.19 Adaptive Flicker Filter
Adaptive Flicker Filtering is a new feature included with the CX25870/871. It
allows the encoder to automatically alter the amount of flicker filtering based on
the image being processed. The result is a high-quality optimized image because
the perfect balance between vertical resolution and flicker reduction has been
achieved. The adaptive flicker filter is enabled via the ADPT_FF bit. There are
four possible settings ranging from 2-line (most observable flicker, greatest
vertical resolution) to 5-line (minimal observable flicker, moderate vertical
resolution). The luminance and chrominance outputs are independent in terms of
the level of adaptive flicker filtering. When the adaptive flicker filter is on, the
manual flicker filter is off and vice versa.
Vertical filtering in the CX25870/871 serves three purposes:
•
•
•
100381B
Vertical polyphase interpolation filtering to upsample the image data
vertically. This increases the resolution and accuracy of the subsequent
vertical downsampling required to fit the entire image into the visible
region of the television.
Anti-alias filtering to reduce aliasing artifacts when downsampling
vertically.
Flicker filtering to reduce the flicker produced when vertical high
frequency content is displayed on an interlaced device.
Conexant
1-37
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
The vertical interpolation filtering and vertical anti-alias filtering
requirements are driven by the amount of vertical down scaling required, and do
not vary substantially with image content. The flicker filtering requirement,
however, is dependent upon the image content.
Regions of the image with vertical high frequency content will flicker in
proportion to the amplitude of that high frequency content. Regions with high
amplitude vertical high frequency content require substantial flicker filtering, but
regions with low amplitude or no vertical high frequency content require little or
no flicker filtering.
For this reason, the CX25870/871 provides adaptive flicker filtering. It
analyzes the image content to detect areas that require strong flicker filtering, and
adjusts its vertical filtering to apply stronger flicker filtering to those regions.
This analysis and adjustment occurs on a pixel by pixel basis, so each pixel in the
output line has the optimal amount of flicker filtering applied to it.
The Adaptive_FF1 and Adaptive_FF2 registers (0x34 and 0x36) configure the
adaptive algorithm. The Y_ALTFF[1:0] and C_ALTFF[1:0] fields allow the
selection of the alternative (i.e., stronger) flicker filter to combine with the
standard flicker filter selected by fields F_SELY[1:0] and F_SELC[1:0] (register
0xC8). This creates an array of flicker filters for the Y channel and C channel
respectively. The actual flicker filter applied for a given pixel output depends on
the detection and location of any high amplitude vertical high frequency content
within the input samples that creates that output pixel.
The amplitude of the high frequency content that triggers an adaptation of the
flicker filter can be adjusted via the Y_THRESH[2:0] and C_THRESH[2:0] bit
fields. The FFRTN bit offers two ways to combine the standard and alternate
flicker filters to generate an array of flicker filters. The YSELECT bit allows the
Chroma channel flicker filter to be adapted based on the Chroma channel or the Y
(i.e., Luminance) channel content.
NOTE:
Neither standard nor adaptive flicker filtering is supported by the
CX25870/871 in noninterlaced video output formats (VGA style RGB,
HDTV 480p, 720p).
Table 1-16 summarizes recommended configurations of the adaptive flicker
filter for various types of image content and resolutions.
1-38
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100381B
Conexant
FSEL_Y
3-line
4-line
Word Processing
Resolution/Video Output
Type
640x480 in, NTSC out
800x600 in, NTSC out
4-line
3-line
FSEL_C
5-line
4-line
3-line
FSEL_C
5-line
5-line
4-line
4-line
3-line
3-line
FSEL_C
On=Checked
On=Checked
ADPT_FF
On=Checked
On=Checked
On=Checked
ADPT_FF
On=Checked
On=Checked
On=Checked
On=Checked
On=Checked
On=Checked
ADPT_FF
5-line
4-line
Y_ALTFF
5-line
5-line
4-line
Y_ALTFF
5-line
5-line
5-line
5-line
4-line
4-line
Y_ALTFF
NOTE(S): Off means a '0' bit setting while On denotes a '1' bit setting.
5-line
1024x768 in, NTSC out
5-line
1024x768 in, PAL-BDGHI
out
4-line
5-line
1024x768 in, NTSC out
800x600 in, NTSC out
4-line
800x600 in, PAL-BDGHI
out
4-line
4-line
800x600 in, NTSC out
640x480 in, NTSC out
3-line
640x480 in, PAL-BDGHI
out
FSEL_Y
3-line
640x480 in, NTSC out
Web Page Resolution/
Video Output Type
FSEL_Y
Desktop Resolution/
Video Output Type
Standard FF
settings
5-line
4-line
C_ALTFF
5-line
5-line
4-line
C_ALTFF
5-line
5-line
5-line
5-line
4-line
4-line
C_ALTFF
100
010
Y_THRESH
110
010
100
Y_THRESH
110
110
010
010
100
000
Y_THRESH
100
010
C_THRESH
110
010
100
C_THRESH
110
110
010
010
100
000
C_THRESH
On
Off
Y_SELECT
On
Off
Off
Y_SELECT
On
On
On
Off
On
On
Y_SELECT
CX25870 Adaptive FF settings
Table 1-16. Optimal Adaptive and Standard Flicker Filter Settings for Common PC Applications and Resolutions
Off
On
FFRTN
Off
Off
Off
FFRTN
Off
Off
On
On
On
On
FFRTN
1
1
BYYCR
1
1
1
BYYCR
1
1
1
1
1
1
BYYCR
0
0
CHROMA_BW
0
0
0
CHROMA_BW
0
0
0
0
0
0
CHROMA_BW
80
9B
Final Hex
Value
80
80
9B
Final Hex
Value
80
80
80
80
9B
9B
Final Hex
Value
Register
0x34
64
92
Final Hex
Value
F6
12
24
Final Hex
Value
F6
F6
D2
92
E4
C0
Final Hex
Value
Register
0x36
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
1-39
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
1.3.20 VGA Registers Involved in the TV Out Process
Timing constraints for the CX25870/871 are driven by the timing requirements of
the analog video output (NTSC, PAL, or SECAM) together with the active
resolution and overscan compensation ratio (i.e., amount of blanking in the active
region) of the television image. To explain what specific CRTC or VGA registers
within the graphics controller need to be involved in displaying a nonstandard or
desktop format on both a TV and CRT, one can work backwards from those
output signal timing requirements to determine the input timing requirements.
Each output field has a vertical blanking region and an active region. These
regions are defined relative to the vertical sync pulse, horizontal sync pulse, given
format (i.e., number of lines per field), and a given pixel clock frequency (i.e.,
number of pixel clocks per line). Within each line of the active region there is a
horizontal blanking period (that includes a horizontal sync pulse) and an active
period (where the image data is located). Given those parameters, at least six
registers within every generic graphics controller need to be changed for each
active/total resolution.
Table 1-17 lists VGA/CRTC Registers Involved in TV Out Process.
Table 1-17. VGA/CRTC Registers Involved in TV Out Process
Register Name
Description
Start VBLANK/VSYNC* and
End VBLANK/VSYNC*
These VGA registers work in combination with each other to control the scan line at which the
vertical blanking period begins and the point at which it ends.
VACTIVE
Dictates the specific number of active lines for the present digital frame.
VTOTAL
Specifies the number of scan lines from one VSYNC* active to the next VSYNC* active pulse.
The difference between Vtotal and Vactive is the amount of blanked lines.
HBLANK/HSYNC* Start
and
HBLANK/HSYNC* End
This VGA register set works in combination with each other to control the value of the pixel or
character clock counter where the HSYNC* signal becomes active and the position at which
HSYNC* becomes inactive.
HACTIVE
Dictates the specific number of active pixels per line.
HTOTAL
Specifies the number of pixel clocks or character clocks from one HSYNC* active to the next
HSYNC* active pulse. In other words, this is the total time required for both the displayed and
nondisplayed portions of a single scan line. The difference between Htotal and Hactive is the
amount of blanked pixels per line.
To achieve VGA compatibility, the controller must manipulate some of its own
VGA register settings in order to produce a hi-quality dual display on both the
computer monitor and TV. It should be noted that the encoder has no way of
knowing that a different VGA mode has been selected. As a result, it relies on the
I2C®-compatible master device to reconfigure it via an autoconfiguration mode
or complete register rewrite to make adjustments in its timing.
When the two devices are programmed correctly, regardless of the interface,
the required input HSYNC*/VSYNC* to first input active pixel or line spacing
“matches” the output HSYNC*/VSYNC* to first output active pixel or line
spacing. When this occurs, the graphics controller always transmits active data at
the time the CX25870/871 expects to receive it. Superior TV Out quality is
achieved only when this type of timing symmetry exists.
1-40
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CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
1.3.21 Output Modes
The encoder can generate output video as Composite/Y-C(S-Video), YUV
component, VGA-style RGB, SCART, Component (YPRPB) for HDTV, or RGB
for HDTV. These outputs are selected by the OUT_MODE[1:0] register bits in
combination with the HDTV_EN and EN_SCART bits.
While the encoder is in VGA style RGB, no color space conversion is possible
from input to output. Analog RGB is transmitted from a digital RGB input and
analog YCrCb is output from a digital YCrCb input.
When outputting RGB with HDTV_EN = 0, the device outputs VGA/SVGA
analog RGB with a bilevel sync. In this mode, the R, G, and B input data is fed to
the DACs after the addition of the horizontal sync and, if the SETUP bit is one,
the setup pedestal is added. The output currents are scaled so that the DACs
output the proper 1 V full-scale (sync tip to peak white) levels for driving a CRT
monitor. The graphics controller must provide all the timing control (HSYNC and
VSYNC signals) for the monitor, which results in the encoder operating as a slave
in this case. Only the P[23:0], BLANK*, HSYNC*, and VSYNC* input pins and
the RGB analog output pins are active. The BLANK*, HSYNC*, and VSYNC*
pins are automatically enabled as inputs in this mode.
Each of the four video signals generated by the OUT_MODE[1:0] field can be
multiplexed to any DAC using the OUT_MUXA[1:0], OUT_MUXB[1:0],
OUT_MUXC[1:0], and OUT_MUXD[1:0] register bits. To do this, program the
2-bit value representing the desired type of output into the appropriate
OUT_MUXx[1:0] register. As an example, suppose a system requires composite
video (i.e., 00) to be output from DAC_A, chroma (10) on DAC_B, luma (01) on
DAC_C, and composite video (00) on DAC_D. This scheme could be
accomplished by programming register 0xC6 with 0001 1000 binary or 18 hex.
The LUMADLY[1:0] register bits control the amount of delay for the Y_DLY
analog output. The allowable delay ranges from 0 (no delay) to 3 pixel clocks.
All digital-to-analog converters are designed to drive standard video levels
into a combined RLOAD of 37.5 Ω (doubly-terminated 75 Ω loads). Unused
outputs should be disabled by setting the corresponding DACDISx bit to
minimize the supply current or left as a no connect. Disabling unused DAC
outputs reduces cross chroma distortion and improves picture quality.
1.3.22 Analog Horizontal Sync
The HSYNC_WIDTH[7:0] register determines the duration of the horizontal
sync pulse. The beginning of the horizontal sync pulse corresponds to the reset of
the internal horizontal pixel counter. The horizontal line rate is determined by
H_CLKO[11:0]. The internal horizontal counter is reset to 1 at the beginning of
the horizontal sync and counts up to H_CLKO.
The sync rise and fall times are automatically controlled. The sync amplitude
is programmable over a range of values by SYNC_AMP[7:0]. Incrementing the
sync amp by 1 increases the sync amplitude of the analog sync pulse by 30
millivolts.
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1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
1.3.23 Analog Vertical Sync
The analog vertical sync duration is selectable as either 2.5 or 3 lines by register
bit VSYNC_DUR. If VSYNC_DUR = 1, 3 lines are selected; if
VSYNC_DUR = 0, 2.5 lines are selected.
The device automatically blanks the video from the start of the horizontal sync
interval through the end of the burst, as well as the vertical sync to prevent
erroneous video timing generation.
1.3.24 Analog Video Blanking
Analog video blanking is controlled by the H_BLANKO, V_BLANKO, and
V_ACTIVEO registers. Together they define an active region where pixels are
displayed. V_BLANKO defines the number of lines from the leading edge of the
analog vertical sync to the first active output line per field. V_ACTIVEO defines
the number of active output lines. H_BLANKO defines the number of output
pixels from the leading edge of horizontal sync to the first active output pixel.
H_ACTIVE defines the number of active output pixels.
The device automatically blanks video from the start of the horizontal sync
interval through the end of the burst, as well as the vertical sync interval to
prevent erroneous video timing generation.
1.3.25 Video Output Standards Supported
There are several bits (625LINE, SETUP, VSYNC_DUR, PAL_MD, FM,
DIS_SCRST), a PAL pin, and various autoconfiguration modes, that control the
generation of various video standards. (These are summarized in Table 1-18.)
They allow the generation of all the different NTSC, PAL, and SECAM video
standards. The aforementioned bits control the specific encoding process
parameters. It is likely other registers may need to be modified to meet all the
video parameters of the particular video standard. Video timing diagrams are
illustrated in Figures 1-11 through 1-22. These show typical events that occur for
each type of video format.
1-42
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1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Table 1-18. Important Bit Settings for Various Video Outputs
Video
Output
Bit
NTSC-M
NTSCJapan
PALBDGHI
PAL-N
PAL-Nc
PAL-M
PAL-60
SECAMSECAMSECAM-L(1)
B, G, H(3) D, K, K1(2)
VSYNC_DUR
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
625LINE
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
SETUP
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
PAL_MD
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
DIS_SCRST
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
FM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
NOTE(S):
(1)
SECAM-L used primarily in France.
SECAM-D, K, K1 used primarily in Russia and Eastern European nations.
(3) SECAM-B, G, M used primarily in the Middle East.
(4) Other CX25870 registers and bits must be reprogrammed to generate different video outputs. The bits in Table 1-18 are the
most important settings.
(2)
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Conexant
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CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Figure 1-11. Interlaced 525-Line (NTSC) Video Timing
RESET*
Analog
FIELD 1
523
524
525
1
2
Start
of
VSYNC
4
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
22
BURST PHASE
Analog
FIELD 2
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
285
272
Analog
FIELD 3
523
524
525
1
2
4
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
22
BURST PHASE
Analog
FIELD 4
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
285
Burst Begins with Positive Half-Cycle
Burst Phase = Reference Phase = 180˚ Relative to B–Y
Burst Begins with Negative Half-Cycle
Burst Phase = Reference Phase = 180˚ Relative to B–Y
Note(s):
SMPTE line numbering convention is used rather than CCIR624.
100381_006
1-44
Conexant
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CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Figure 1-12. Interlaced 525-Line (PAL-M) Video Timing
RESET*
Start
of
VSYNC*
Analog
FIELD 1
523
524
525
1
2
4
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
22
273
274
285
11
12
22
274
285
Burst Phase
Analog
FIELD 2
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
Analog
FIELD 3
523
524
525
1
2
4
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
Burst Phase
Analog
FIELD 4
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
Burst Phase = Reference Phase = 135˚ Relative to U
PAL Switch = 0, +V Component
Burst Phase = Reference Phase + 90˚ = 225˚ Relative to U
PAL Switch = 1, –V Component
100381_007
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Conexant
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1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Figure 1-13. Interlaced 625-Line (PAL-B, D, G, H, I, Nc) Video Timing (Fields 1–4)
RESET*
Start
of
VSYNC
Analog
FIELD 1
620
621
622
623
624
625
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
23
24
– U PHASE
Analog
FIELD 2
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
319
318
320
336
337
Analog
FIELD 3
620
621
622
623
624
625
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
23
24
Analog
FIELD 4
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
336
337
FIELD One
Burst
Blanking
Intervals
FIELD Two
FIELD Three
FIELD Four
Burst Phase = Reference Phase = 135˚ Relative to U
PAL Switch = 0, +V Component
Burst Phase = Reference Phase + 90˚ = 225˚ Relative to U
PAL Switch = 1, –V Component
100381_008
1-46
Conexant
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CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Figure 1-14. Interlaced 625-Line (PAL-B, D, G, H, I, Nc) Video Timing (Fields 5–8)
RESET*
Start
of
VSYNC
Analog
FIELD 5
620
621
622
623
624
625
1
2
3
4
5
6
23
7
24
– U PHASE
Analog
FIELD 6
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
336
337
Analog
FIELD 7
620
621
622
623
624
625
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
23
24
Analog
FIELD 8
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
336
337
FIELD Five
Burst
Blanking
Intervals
FIELD Six
FIELD Seven
FIELD Eight
Burst Phase = Reference Phase = 135˚ Relative to U
PAL Switch = 0, +V Component
Burst Phase = Reference Phase + 90˚ = 225˚ Relative to U
PAL Switch = 1, –V Component
100381_009
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Conexant
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1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Figure 1-15. Interlaced 625-Line (PAL-N) Video Timing (Fields 1–4)
VSYNC*
Analog
FIELD 1
RESET*
620
621
622
623
624
625
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
23
24
– U PHASE
Analog
FIELD 2
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
319
318
320
336
337
Analog
FIELD 3
620
621
622
623
624
625
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
23
24
Analog
FIELD 4
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
336
337
FIELD One
Burst
Blanking
Intervals
FIELD Two
FIELD Three
FIELD Four
Burst Phase = Reference Phase = 135˚ Relative to U
PAL Switch = 0, +V Component
Burst Phase = Reference Phase + 90˚ = 225˚ Relative to U
PAL Switch = 1, –V Component
1000381_010
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Conexant
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CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Figure 1-16. Interlaced 625-Line (PAL-N) Video Timing (Fields 5–8)
VSYNC*
Analog
FIELD 5
620
621
622
623
624
625
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
23
24
– U PHASE
Analog
FIELD 6
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
336
337
Analog
FIELD 7
620
621
622
623
624
625
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
23
24
Analog
FIELD 8
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
336
337
FIELD Five
Burst
Blanking
Intervals
FIELD Six
FIELD Seven
FIELD Eight
Burst Phase = Reference Phase = 135˚ Relative to U
PAL Switch = 0, +V Component
Burst Phase = Reference Phase + 90˚ = 225˚ Relative to U
PAL Switch = 1, –V Component
100381_011
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Conexant
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CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Figure 1-17. Noninterlaced 262-Line (NTSC) Video Timing
START
of
VSYNC
261
262
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
FIELD 1
Burst Begins with Positive Half-Cycle
Burst Phase = Reference Phase = 180˚ Relative to B-Y
Burst Begins with Negative Half-Cycle
Burst Phase = Reference Phase = 180˚ Relative to B-Y
100381_012
Figure 1-18. Noninterlaced 262-Line (PAL-M) Video Timing
START
of
VSYNC
261
262
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
21
FIELD 1
Burst Begins with Positive Half-Cycle
Burst Phase = Reference Phase = 180˚ Relative to B-Y
Burst Begins with Negative Half-Cycle
Burst Phase = Reference Phase = 180˚ Relative to B-Y
100381_013
Figure 1-19. Noninterlaced 312-Line (PAL-B, D, G, H, I, N, Nc) Video Timing
RESET*
Start
of
VSYNC
308
309
310
311
312
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
23
24
Burst Phase = Reference Phase = 135˚ Relative to U
PAL Switch = 0, +V Component
Burst Phase = Reference Phase + 90˚ = 225˚ Relative to U
PAL Switch = 1, –V Component
100381_014
1-50
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Figure 1-20. Interlaced 625-Line (SECAM-B, D, G, K, K1, L, M) Video Timing (Fields 1-4)
RESET*
Start of
VSYNC
End of the preceding
4-field sequence
621 622 623 624 625
1
Analog
FIELD 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 12
13
14
15
16 17
18
19
20
21 22
DRDB
Analog
FIELD 2
23
DR
309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336
DRDB
621 622 623 624 625
DBDR
DBDR
Analog
FIELD 3
1
2
3
4
Analog
FIELD 4
5
6
7
8
DB
9
10
11 12
13
14
15
16 17
DR
18
19
20
21 22
23
DB
309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336
DR
DRDB
DR
NOTE(S):
1. DR and DB color subcarrier signal sequences over four consecutive fields shown above.
2. DR color subcarrier frequency is 4.406250 MHz.
3. DB color subcarrier frequency is 4.250000 MHz.
100381_091
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Conexant
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CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
1.3.26 Subcarrier Generation
The device uses a 32-bit-word to synthesize the subcarrier. The value of the
subcarrier increment required to generate the desired subcarrier frequency is
found with the following equations:
NTSC:
MSC[31:0] = int((455/(2*H_CLKO)) *232 + 0.5)
PAL:
MSC[31:0] = int((1135+1/625)/H_CLKO)*232 + 0.5
SECAM:
MSC_DB[31:0] = int((272/(2*H_CLKO)*232 + 0.5)
MSC_DR[31:0] = int((272/(2*H_CLKO)*232 + 0.5)
where:H_CLKO is the number of output clocks/line (this is register 0x76 and the
low nibble of 0x86).
This allows the generation of any desired subcarrier for any desired video
standard. The 32-bit subcarrier increment must be loaded by the serial interface
before the subcarrier is enabled. The device is reset to disable chroma until the
last byte of the 32-bit increment loads, at which time the chroma is enabled,
unless the DCHROMA bit is set.
In order to prevent any residual errors from accumulating, the subcarrier DTO
(Discrete Time Oscillator) is reset every four fields for NTSC formats and every
eight fields for PAL formats. For best quality in SECAM, the DIS_SCRST bit
should be set preventing a subcarrier phase reset at the beginning of each color
field sequence. Furthermore, the SECAM subcarrier is generated on lines 23-310
and 336-623 automatically unless disabled by the PROG_SC bit.
1.3.27 Subcarrier Phase Reset/Offset
In order to maintain correct SC-H phasing, the subcarrier phase is set to 0 degrees
on the leading edge of the analog vertical sync every four (NTSC) or eight (PAL)
fields, unless the DIS_SCRST (bit four of register 0xA2) is set to a logical 1. This
is true for both interlaced and noninterlaced outputs. The subcarrier phase can be
adjusted from the nominal 0 degrees phase by the PHASE_OFF[7:0] register,
where each LSB change corresponds to a 360/256 = 1.406 degrees change in the
phase.
Setting DIS_SCRST to 1 may be useful in situations where the ratio of CLK/2
to HSYNC* edges in a color frame is noninteger, which could produce a
significant phase impulse by resetting to 0.
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Conexant
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CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
1.3.28 Burst Generation
The subcarrier burst generation is a function of the video standard (e.g., NTSC,
PAL, or SECAM), the subcarrier frequency increment (MSC[31:0]), and the burst
horizontal begin and end register settings (HBURST_BEGIN[7:0] and
HBURST_END[7:0]). To calculate the value of HBURST_END[7:0] subtract
128 from the desired location in clock cycles. The burst will automatically be
blanked during the horizontal sync preventing invalid sync pulses from being
generated. Burst blanking is automatically controlled by the selected video
format. Burst rise and fall times are automatically generated by the device. The
burst amplitude is programmed by the BST_AMP[5:0] field.
1.3.29 Video Amplitude Scaling and SINX/X Compensation
Both the luminance and chrominance video amplitudes can be scaled by the
MCR, MCB, and MY registers. This allows various colormetry standards to be
achieved, and can also be used to boost the chroma to compensate for the sin x/x
loss of the DACs. Appendix A show the range of values achievable and values for
various video formats.
The DAC output response is a typical sinx/x response. For the composite
video output, this results in a slightly lower than desired burst and chroma
amplitude value. This is compensated for, to some extent, by choosing an output
filter that boosts the frequency response slightly. Another method which can be
used effectively, and is used by default in the auto configuration modes, is to
boost the burst and chroma gain as programmed by the BST_AMP and
MCR/MCB register values by a factor of(x/sinx). The amount of sinx/x amplitude
reduction is calculated by:
sinx/x = sin (π * Fsc/Fclk) / (π * Fsc/Fclk)
Fsc = desired subcarrier burst frequency
Fclk = present input clock frequency
1.3.30 Chrominance Disable
The chrominance subcarrier can be turned off by setting the DCHROMA bit to a
logical 1. This disables the subcarrier burst as well, providing luminance-only
signals on the CVBS output and a static blank level on the chrominance output.
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Conexant
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CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
1.3.31 FIELD Pin Output
Like its predecessor, the Bt868/869, the CX25870/871 includes a FIELD pin
output. This signal is output only and is accessed through pin #37. The frequency
of the FIELD pin is 30 Hz during an NTSC video output, and 25 Hz throughout a
PAL or SECAM video output. The only programming step required to obtain the
FIELD output is to serially write the EN_OUT bit to 1.
The purpose of this signal is to provide a digital TTL compatible output which
tracks the analog interlaced field presently being transmitted by the CX25870/871
DACs. The peak-to-peak amplitude of this output will be from 0 V to the level
present on the VDD_CO and VDDL pins. If these pins are tied to 3.3 V, then the
FIELD high state is transmitted at a 3.3 V level. If these pins are tied to 1.8 V or
lower voltage, then the FIELD high state is transmitted at a 1.8 V or lower level.
The logical 0 level from FIELD will always be GND/VSS regardless of the
logical 1 voltage.
The FIELD output transitions after the rising edge of CLKI, two clock cycles
following the leading edge of the digital HSYNC* input or output. Figure 1-21
shows the relationship between the FIELD and Composite (CVBS) outputs and
VSYNC* input for NTSC. Figure 1-22 illustrates this same relationship for PAL.
Figure 1-21. FIELD Pin Output Timing Diagram (NTSC-M, J, 4.43)
RESET*
Start
of
Analog
FIELD 1 = ODD VSYNC*
Composite
Output
523
524
525
1
2
4
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
22
FIELD Pin
Output
Analog
FIELD 2 = EVEN
Composite
Output
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
285
FIELD Pin
Output
*FIELDI Bit = 0
100381_094
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Conexant
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CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Figure 1-22. FIELD Pin Output Timing Diagram (PAL-B, D, G, H, I, N, Nc)
RESET*
Start
of
VSYNC*
Analog
FIELD 1
Composite
Output
620
621
622
623
624
625
1
2
3
4
5
6
23
7
24
FIELD Pin
Output
Analog
FIELD 2
Composite
Output
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
336
337
FIELD Pin
Output
*FIELDI Bit = 0
100381_095
By default, the internal FIELDI bit will be 0 which forces the CX25870 to
transmit a logical 1 during transmission of an EVEN field and logical 0 for the
period of an ODD field. To change the FIELD polarity, reprogram the FIELDI bit.
If the CX25870/871 is the timing master and sends out HSYNC* and
VSYNC*, then after a power-on, pin, or timing reset (setting of bit 7, register
0x6C), the encoder and the flicker filter portions of the device start at line 1, pixel
1 of their respective timing generation. For the CX25870/871, this means the
ODD field is always the first field conveyed after a power-on reset, pin reset, or
timing reset.
When the CX25870 receives an interlaced data format, its FIELD pin
represents only the output field presently being generated by the on-chip DACs.
When the CX25870 receives progressive (i.e., noninterlaced) frames which have
no field associated with it, the CX25870’s input timing generator still keeps track
of frames received. As a result, after the entire second frame has been received,
the input and encoder sections become resynchronized. This re-synchronization is
done through an internal frame sync signal. This action, in turn, forces the
CX25870 to the beginning of the odd field and changes the FIELD pin back to its
odd state.
If the CX25870/871 is the timing slave (i.e., it accepts HSYNC* and
VSYNC*) receiving a power-on reset, pin reset, or timing reset (register 0x6C,
bit 7) causes the input timing generator to send the encoder the aforementioned
frame sync. This sets the encoder to the beginning of the odd field which is
denoted through the FIELD pin. The first digital HSYNC* and VSYNC*
combination then corresponds to the encoder’s EVEN output field. The second
digital HSYNC* and VSYNC* combination will again cause a frame sync and
the encoder will start sending the ODD field both from its DACs and FIELD pin.
This ODD–EVEN–ODD–EVEN … field sequence continues indefinitely.
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Conexant
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CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
1.3.32 Buffered Crystal Clock Output
The buffered crystal clock output (XTL_BFO) pin provides a buffered output
(0 V to 3.3 V peak-peak) of whatever frequency is found between the CX25870’s
XTALIN and XTALOUT pins. This signal can then be used as a much more
accurate input clock to the graphics controller because controllers typically utilize
clock sources with errors between 75–150 ppm. This implementation ultimately
results in better VGA picture quality because the clock driving the data master is
within the same tolerance (i.e., 25 ppm) as the TV Out encoder. This can also lead
to a considerable savings in cost, component count, and PC board space because
the crystal attached to the data master has been completely eliminated.
On power-up, the encoder will transmit a 0 to 3.3 V signal at a frequency equal
to the frequency of the crystal found between the XTALIN and XTALOUT ports.
The tolerance of the XTL_BFO signal will match the tolerance found within the
encoder’s crystal. The CX25870 was designed to expect a 13.500 MHz ± 25 ppm
crystal. As a result, all the PLL_INT and PLL_FRACT register values found
within each CX25870 autoconfiguration mode possess this set of default values.
The CX25870 does have the flexibility to support an alternate 14.31818 MHz
crystal with a tolerance of ± 25 ppm. To switch the encoder to operate with this
crystal frequency, install an appropriate crystal and crystal circuit between the
XTALIN and XTALOUT ports and set the 14318_XTAL bit to 1. Enabling this
bit translates the 13.500 MHz-dependent auto configuration registers to their new
14.31818 MHz settings.
For CX25870 designs, a small (e.g., 33 Ω) series resistor should be added to
XTL_BFO, as close as possible to the signal source device. This reduces
overshoot and undershoot on this signal as it changes states. The buffered crystal
clock output pin should be floated if not used. Disabling the XTL_BFO pin is
possible through the XTL_BFO_DIS bit.
1.3.33 Noninterlaced Output
When the CX25870/871 is programmed for noninterlaced video out via the
NI_OUT bit, it always transmits the odd field. The FIELD pin will continue to
change state on the leading edge of the analog vertical sync. A 30 Hz offset
should be subtracted from the color subcarrier frequency while in NTSC mode so
that the color subcarrier phase is inverted from field to field. The transition from
interlaced to noninterlaced in master interface occurs during odd fields to prevent
synchronization disturbance.
NOTE:
1-56
Consumer VCRs can record noninterlaced video with minor noise
artifacts, but special effects (e.g., scan >2x) may not function properly.
Conexant
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CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
1.3.34 Closed Captioning (CC)
The CX25870/871 encodes NTSC/PAL–M closed captioning on scan line 21, and
NTSC/PAL–M extended data services on scan line 284. Four 8-bit registers
(CCF1B1, CCF1B2, CCF2B1, and CCF2B2) provide the data while bits ECCF1
and ECCF2 enable display of the data. A logical 0 corresponds to the blanking
level of 0 IRE, while a logical 1 corresponds to 50 IRE above the blanking level.
Closed captioning for PAL–B, D, G, H, I, N, Nc is similar to that for NTSC.
Closed-caption (CC) encoding is performed for 625-line systems according to the
system proposed by the National Captioning Institute; clock and data timing is
identical to that of NTSC system, except that encoding is provided on lines 22
and 335, for closed captioning and extended data services, respectively.
The CX25870/871 generates the clock run-in and appropriate timing
automatically. Pixel inputs are ignored during CC encoding. See FCC Code of
Federal Regulations (CFR) 47 Section 15.119 (10/91 edition or later) for
programming information. The EIA608 standard describes ancillary data
applications for Field 2 Line 21 (line 284).
When CCF1B2 is written, CCSTAT_O is set; when CCF2B2 is written,
CCSTAT_E is set. After the CC bytes for the odd field are encoded, CCSTAT_O
is cleared; after the CC bytes for the even field are encoded, CCSTAT_E is
cleared. If the ECCGATE bit is set, no further encoding is performed until the
appropriate registers are written again; a null is transmitted on the appropriate CC
line in that case. If the ECCGATE bit is not set, the user must rewrite the CC
registers prior to reaching the CC line; otherwise the last bytes are re-encoded.
The CC data bytes are double-buffered to prevent loss of data during the encoding
process.
Pseudo-code that can be used to create a software function for Closed Caption
Encoding is included as Appendix D.
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Conexant
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CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
1.3.35 Wide Screen Signaling (WSS)
The CX25870/871 supports the WSS methods outlined in the EIAJ CPR-1204
and ITU-R BT.1119 standards. Three serial interface registers control WSS data
insertion. For 525 line NTSC systems, two bits enable the insertion of the WSS
bit data on lines 20 and 283. The EWSSF1 register bit controls line 20 and
EWSSF2 controls line 283. Twenty bits are used to insert the 14 bits of payload,
plus six bits of CRC data. CRC data is not computed and must be inserted by the
user.
For 625 line PAL and SECAM systems, WSS data insertion is only specified
for line 23. In this case, the EWSSF1 register enables WSS data insertion on line
23 and EWSSF2 is ignored. Only 14 bits of payload are specified for 625 line
PAL and SECAM systems. No CRC is generated, therefore bits WSSDAT[20:15]
are ignored in these systems.
WSSINC[19:0] specifies the incremental value of the PQ ratio counter to
generate the desired WSS waveform. The increment value is found by:
525 line:
WSSINC[19:0] = 220 / (2.234*10-6*Fclk)
625 line:
WSSINC[19:0] = 220 / (200*10-9*Fclk)
where:Fclk = CLKI frequency = CLKO frequency.
Figure 1-23 illustrates a typical WSS signal, where WSSDAT[14:1] = 0x00.
NOTE:
WSS uses biphase coding of its data bits. The amplitude of the WSS pulses
is 500 mV above black when high and black when low. For further WSS
details, see specification ETS 300294 or ITU-R BT.1119.
Figure 1-23. Typical WSS Analog Waveform (NTSC)
0.5 V
0.0 V
Run-In
5.86 µs
(NTSC)
Start
Code
Bit 14
Bit 1
14 Data Bits
NTSC: Field 1, Line 20
Field 2, Line 20
PAL:
Field 1, Line 23
100381 040
1-58
Conexant
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CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
The CX25870 does not support the CGMS/A standard for analog PAL or
analog NTSC video systems. CGMS stands for Copy Generation Management
System whereby scan line 23 of PAL Field 1 or lines 20 and 283 of NTSC video
outputs contains a data burst which details the signal format. The burst also
specifies the aspect ratio, type of enhanced services, and subtitle location for the
TV to use during the broadcasted show.
In addition to the details about the signal format, the CGMS bits can indicate
whether a recording device can make no copies, one copy, or unlimited copies. If
no copies are allowed, the recording device will not make a copy. If a single copy
is allowed, the recording device will make one copy and change the CGMS data
to indicate that no future copies can be made from the native content.
The major reasons the CX25870 does not support the analog method of
CGMS/A are as follows:
•
•
•
•
No movie studio even considers the notion of allowing the user to make a
single copy. All DVDs released from the movie industry now enable the
Macrovision copy protection system so it is impossible to make any copies
of DVDs in the analog domain.
There are no plans for DVD content providers to allow users to make
limited copies of their intellectually copyrighted material.
Some aspects of the CGMS/A system are not pirate-proof and can be
disabled remotely.
The CGMS/A standard appears to be a vendor rather than a DVD
consortium mandate. Only a few DVD players have this feature now, and it is
expected that they will abandon this as newer versions of the Macrovision
standard are released or a tamper-proof version of CGMS exists.
1.3.36 Chrominance and Luminance Processing
Once the input data is converted to internal YUV format, the Y and UV
components are filtered and upsampled to the system clock frequency.
The luminance signal is always low-pass filtered using the upsampling filter
response illustrated in Figure 1-24. Additional peaking or reduction filters can be
enabled (see Figures 1-25, 1-26, and 1-27), using the PKFIL_SEL[1:0] register
field. The peaking filters are optimized for high bandwidth frequency response,
and optimal picture quality.
The default chrominance filter response is illustrated in Figure 1-28, but an
alternate wide bandwidth response can be selected using register bit
CHROMA_BW, as illustrated in Figure 1-29.
Figure 1-30 illustrates the SECAM pre-emphasis filter response for the
modulated chrominance signal.
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Conexant
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CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Figure 1-24. Luminance Upsampling Filter
0
–10
Amplitude in dB
–20
–30
–40
–50
–60
–70
–80
0
2
4
6
8
Frequency in MHz
10
12
100381_044
Figure 1-25. Text Sharpness (Luminance Upsampling) Filter with Peaking Options
PKFIL_SEL=11
0
Amplitude in dB
–10
PKFIL_SEL=00
–20
–30
–40
–50
–60
0
2
4
6
8
Frequency in MHz
10
12
100381_045
Figure 1-26. Close-Up of Text Sharpness (Luminance Upsampling )Filter with Peaking
and Reduction Options
Amplitude in dB
0
–5
–10
–15
–20
0
1
2
3
4
5
Frequency in MHz
6
7
8
100381_046
1-60
Conexant
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CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Figure 1-27. Zoom-In of Text Sharpness (Luminance Peaking) Filter Options
4
3.5
Amplitude in dB
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
1
2
3
4
Frequency in MHz
5
6
100381_048
Figure 1-28. Chrominance Filter (CHROMA_BW = 0) - default
0
–10
Amplitude in dB
–20
–30
–40
–50
–60
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Frequency in MHz
3
3.5
4
100381_049
Figure 1-29. Chrominance Wide Bandwidth Filter (CHROMA_BW = 1)
0
Amplitude in dB
–10
–20
–30
–40
–50
–60
0
1
2
3
4
Frequency in MHz
5
6
100381_050
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Conexant
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CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Figure 1-30. SECAM High Frequency Pre-emphasis Filter
16
14
Amplitude in dB
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
3.5
4
4.5
Frequency in MHz
5
100381_051
1.3.37 Color Bar and Blue Field Generation
The CX25870/871 has two internal color bar generators. Preflicker filter color
bars are enabled by setting the FFCBAR bit to a logical 1. Postflicker filter color
bars are enabled by setting the ECBAR bit to a logical 1.
NOTE:
FFCBAR color bars are optimized for RGB input mode and ECBAR color
bars are optimized for YCrCb input mode.
The device uses the H_BLANKO register value to determine the starting point
of the color bars, and the H_ACTIVE register value to determine the width. Eight
bars are displayed, with the colors and amplitudes being generated internally. The
pixel inputs (P23–P0) are ignored in color bar mode. The CX25870/871 must be
programmed with the appropriate MY, MCR, and MCB register values for the
desired input format, RGB or YCrCb.
The CX25870/871 also produces a blue field by setting register bit EBLUE
to 1. Pixel inputs are ignored while any of the color generation wave forms are
being produced.
1-62
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CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Figure 1-31 and Tables 1-19 and 1-20 illustrate the voltage amplitudes for the
different color bar outputs.
Black
Blue
Red
Magenta
Green
Cyan
Yellow
White
Figure 1-31. Composite and S-Video Format (Internal Colorbars)
Myel
Mcyn
Awht
Mgrn
Mmgt
Mred
Ayel
Mb
Acyn
Async
Agrn
Amgt
Mblu
Ablk
Composite
Ared
Ablu
Awht
Ared
Ayel
Acyn
Async
Agrn
Ablu
Amgt
Ablk
Y
S Video
Mb
Mblk
Mwht
Myel
C
Mcyn
Mgrn
Mmgt
Mred
Mblu
Blank
Level
NOTE(S):
1. Ax is the DC (luminance) amplitude referenced to black, except for Ablk and Async, which are referenced to blank.
2. Mx numbers are the peak-to-peak amplitudes of the subcarrier waveform.
100381_043
Table 1-19. Composite and Luminance Amplitude
Y and
Composite
Amplitudes
Async
Awht
Ayel
Acyn
Agrn
Amgt
Ared
Ablu
Ablk
NTSC-M (volts)
–0.286
0.661
0.441
0.347
0.292
0.203
0.149
0.054
0.0536
NTSC-J (volts)
–0.286
0.714
0.477
0.375
0.316
0.220
0.161
0.059
0
PAL-B (volts)
–0.300
0.700
0.465
0.368
0.308
0.217
0.157
0.060
0
NOTE(S): Ax is the DC (luminance) amplitude referenced to black, except for Ablk and Async, which are referenced to blank.
100381B
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CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Table 1-20. Composite and Chrominance Magnitude
C and
Composite
Magnitudes
Mb
Mwht
Myel
Mcyn
Mgrn
Mmgt
Mred
Mblu
Mblk
NTSC-M
(volts)
0.286
0
0.444
0.630
0.589
0.589
0.629
0.444
0
NTSC-J (volts)
0.286
0
0.480
0.681
0.636
0.636
0.681
0.480
0
PAL-B (volts)
0.300
0
0.470
0.663
0.620
0.620
0.664
0.470
0
NOTE(S): Mx numbers are the peak-to-peak amplitudes of the subcarrier waveform.
1.3.38 CCIR656 Mode Operation
Data transmitted from MPEG-2 video decoders or various Multimedia Processors
is often done in a format called CCIR656. This format is similar to the CCIR601
in many ways but is unique in that the video sync information is embedded as
codes in the data stream. As a result, no digital HSYNC or VSYNC signals are
required as part of the physical interface between the timing master and slave
devices. Applications for CCIR656 typically include consumer appliances such as
Video CD players, DVD players, set-top boxes, and MPEG add-in cards where
pin counts are limited.
The actual digital CCIR656 input data delivered to the CX25870/871 is
interlaced 4:2:2 YCrCb over eight physical lines. In addition, there are two timing
reference codes, one at the beginning of each video data block (Start of Active
Video, SAV) and one at the end of each video data block (End of Active Video,
EAV). These timing reference values are digital words consisting of a unique
4-word sequence that conveys when the active video starts and ends. The
CCIR656 compliant master device embeds both SAV and EAV codes into the
stream where appropriate.
While in CCIR656 Mode, the CX25870/871 acts as the Slave device (both
clocking and timing). An illustration of this correct connection scheme is shown
in Figure 1-32.
Figure 1-32. CX25870/871 Connection to CCIR656-Compatible Master Device
CX25870/CX871
27 MHz Clock
MPEG2
Decoder
CLKI
Composite #1
Luma
8
4:2:2 YCrCb
P[7:0]
Chroma
Composite #2
100381_060
1-64
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
While in CCIR656 Mode, the encoder adheres to all input guidelines specified
in the ITU-R BT.656-3 standard. This specification was developed for the
transmission of color video signals in YCrCb format at a pixel rate of
27.000 MHz without the use of dedicated timing reference signals.
To display a DVD movie on a TV and computer monitor simultaneously with
high-quality MPEG2 image format, the CX25870/871 must be integrated into the
hardware design. Next, actual CCIR656 data must be sent from a MPEG2
decoding master device directly to the CX25870/871 encoder. Finally, various
software steps are necessary so the encoder switches to its Slave interface and is
set up to accept the interlaced YCrCb data and video timing reference codes.
The first programming step is to configure the CX25870/871 to accept
interlaced 4:2:2 YCrCb data with an active resolution of 720x480 and output a
standard NTSC video output. The pertinent set of conditions for this option are:
• Type of Digital Video Input:
Interlaced 4:2:2 YCrCb
• Active Resolution (HorizontalxVertical):
720 pixels x 480 lines
• Overscan Compensation:
None. Horizontal = 0%; Vertical = 0%
• Interface:
CX25870/871 is clock and timing slave
• Pixel Rate
27.000 MHz
• Type of Analog Video Output:
Standard NTSC[NTSC-M]
Given this set of conditions, autoconfiguration mode 28 is a perfect fit. As a
result, simply use the MPEG2 decoders serial bus mastering ability to program
the CX25870/871s CONFIG[5:0] field with a binary value of 011100. This
translates into writing a hexadecimal number of 0x34 to register 0xB8. Once the
encoder acknowledges this write to its autoconfiguration register, it automatically
loads the appropriate values for this type of DVD configuration into its register
indices from 0x76 to 0xB4, including register 0x38. The exact data transferred
into these registers is contained in Appendix C.
After completion of the autoconfiguration command, the encoder expects to
receive interlaced 4:2:2 YCrCb data from the clock and timing master device at a
rate of 27.000 MHz with blanking regions being defined by HSYNC* and
VSYNC*. Since these external signals, by definition, do not exist in CCIR656
mode, a second and final programming step is required.
After enabling autoconfiguration mode 28, the programmer must make sure to
set (=1) the E656 bit. This is bit 6 of register 0xD6 and enables a CCIR656 input
to be received via the CX25870/871s P[7:0] port. Once this is done, the encoder
deciphers digital blanking through the SAV and EAV codes and disregards the
synchronization signals.
Only after the completion of these steps will a DVD stream be properly
encoded and rendered onto the television by the VGA Encoder.
For CCIR Mode operation with a PAL Composite or S-Video output, use
Autoconfiguration Mode 29 instead of autoconfiguration mode 28 and program
the master device to send a digital frame with an active resolution of 720x576.
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Conexant
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CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
1.3.39 CCIR601 Mode Operation for DVD Playback
Data coming from a DVD is decoded by a MPEG2 decoder or graphics controller
into a format called CCIR601. CCIR601 is the more common name for 4:2:2
YCrCb data at a 27 MHz pixel rate, as specified in the ITU-R BT.601 standard.
This specification was developed specifically for the digitalization of color video
signals.
To play a DVD movie on a television in addition to a CRT monitor, the
CX25870/871, a CCIR601 compatible encoder, must be integrated into the
hardware design. Actual CCIR601 data must be sent from a MPEG2 decoding
master device directly to the CX25870/871 encoder. This can be either a
dedicated MPEG2 decoder chip or a graphics controller with this functionality.
Various software steps are necessary so the encoder enters slave or master
interface and is set up to accept the interlaced YCrCb data or noninterlaced RGB
digital format. After all of these steps have been executed properly, a DVD movie
stream is properly encoded and rendered onto the television by the VGA encoder.
There are different capabilities among graphics controllers, MPEG2 decoders,
and proprietary ASICs that impact the particular DVD implementation. This
section seeks to cover all the possible hardware/software configurations and the
trade-offs associated with each. If the reader has an interface idea about the
routing of data from the CCIR601 source to encoder that is not discussed here,
please contact your local Conexant Field Applications Engineer for further
technical support.
1.3.39.1 CCIR601 Data
In/NTSC Out
The first option to playing a DVD movie via the CX25870/871 is to send the
digital video CCIR601 data directly to the encoder from the MPEG2 decoder. In
this case, the graphics controller does not have any effect on the CCIR601 digital
stream arriving at the input of the encoder because it bypassed the data or the data
was routed around the controller. In either case, the CX25870/871 must be
configured to accept interlaced 4:2:2 YCrCb data with an active resolution of
720x480 and output a standard NTSC video output. The pertinent set of
conditions for this option are:
• Type of Digital Video Input:
Interlaced 4:2:2 YCrCb
• Active Resolution (HorizontalxVertical):
720 pixels x 480 lines
• Overscan Compensation:
None. Horizontal = 0%; Vertical = 0%
• Interface:
CX25870/871 is clock and timing slave
• Pixel Rate
27.000 MHz
• Type of Analog Video Output:
Standard NTSC[NTSC-M]
Given this set of conditions, autoconfiguration mode 28 is a perfect fit for this
architectural option. As a result, simply use the MPEG2 decoders serial bus
mastering ability to program the CX25870/871s CONFIG[5:0] field with a binary
value of 011100. This translates into writing a hexadecimal number of 0x34 to
register 0xB8. Once the encoder acknowledges this write to its autoconfiguration
register, it automatically loads the appropriate value for this type of DVD
configuration into its register indices from 0x76 to 0xB4 including 0x38. The
exact data transferred into these registers is contained in Appendix C.
1-66
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CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
After completion of the autoconfiguration command, the encoder expects to
receive interlaced CCIR601 data from the clock and timing master device at a rate
of 27.000 MHz. If this occurs, approximately 40 clocks later (i.e., pipeline delay),
the encoder begins transmitting a NTSC-compatible S-Video or Composite Video
signal containing the DVD movie.
1.3.39.2 CCIR601 Data
In/PAL Out
The second option is very similar to the first. In this scenario, the interlaced
CCIR601 video data is transmitted directly to the encoder from the MPEG2
decoder. However, instead of generating a NTSC signal, the encoder produces a
PAL-BDGHI compatible DVD movie output. The active resolution changes as
well for this alternative by increasing to 720x576.
To enable DVD playback in this scenario, the CX25870/871 must be
configured to accept interlaced 4:2:2 YCrCb data with an active resolution of
720x576 and output a standard PAL video output. The pertinent set of conditions
for this option are:
• Type of Digital Video Input:
Interlaced, 4:2:2 YCrCb
• Active Resolution (HorizontalxVertical):
720 pixels x 576 lines
• Overscan Compensation:
None. Horizontal = 0%; Vertical = 0%
• Interface:
CX25870/871 is clock and timing slave
• Pixel Rate
27.000 MHz
• Type of Analog Video Output:
Standard PAL[PAL-BDGHI]
Given this set of conditions, autoconfiguration mode 29 is a perfect fit for this
architectural option. As a result, simply use the MPEG2 decoder’s serial bus
mastering ability to program the CX25870/871s CONFIG[5:0] field with a binary
value of 011101. This translates into writing a hexadecimal number of 0x35 to
register 0xB8. Once the encoder acknowledges this write to its autoconfiguration
register, it automatically loads the appropriate value for this type of DVD
configuration into its register indices from 0x76 to 0xB4 including 0x38. The
exact data transferred into these registers is contained in Appendix C.
After completion of the autoconfiguration command, the encoder expects to
receive interlaced CCIR601 data from the clock and timing master device at a rate
of 27.000 MHz. If this occurs, approximately 40 clocks later (i.e., pipeline delay),
the encoder will begin transmitting a PAL-compliant S-Video or Composite video
signal containing the DVD Movie.
1.3.39.3 VGACompatible RGB Data
In/NTSC Out
100381B
The third option for DVD playback is unlike the previous two methods. In this
case, the MPEG2 decoder’s 4:2:2 YCrCb interlaced data is sent as an input to the
graphics controller. In turn, the controller deinterlaces and color space converts
the CCIR601 data into a noninterlaced RGB format. The encoder finally ends up
receiving this standard VGA digital data from the graphics controllers digital
output port for generation into an analog TV signal.
Conexant
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CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
This design is illustrated in Figure 1-33.
Figure 1-33. DVD Playback Utilizing Graphics Controller for Color-Space and Progressive Scan Conversion
CRT
Monitor
100 kbit/s
10
DVD-ROM Mbit/s
Drive
Host
Adapter
15
Stream Mbit/s
Parsing
450 kbit/s
Subpicture
Decoder
MPEG-2
Decoder
Graphics
20 Accelerator
Mbit/s
AC-3
Decoder
CX25870/
CX25871
NTSC or PAL
Television
Sound
Card
Speakers
100381_061
To enable DVD playback with this architecture, the graphics controller must
be able to deinterlace and color space convert the CCIR601 input data from the
MPEG2 decoding source. Furthermore, since the pixel clock frequency is not
27.000 MHz any longer, the graphics controller must have the ability to
synchronize the pixel data to the clock rate dictated by the CX25870/871s CLKO
signal. Finally, the controller must be able to function as the clocking master and
timing slave as described in Section 1.3.7 of this data sheet.
The recommended interface for the CX25870/871 for this option is Master
and the encoder must be programmed to accept noninterlaced RGB data and
output a standard NTSC video output. The pertinent factors for this option are:
• Type of Digital Video Input:
Progressive Scan/Noninterlaced; 24-bit RGB
per pixel Multiplexed Input Format
• Active Resolution (HorizontalxVertical):
720x480
• Overscan Compensation Ratio:
Minimal; Horizontal = 1.24%; Vertical = 1.23%
• Interface:
CX25870/871 is clock and timing master
• Pixel Rate
27.6923 MHz
• Type of Analog Video Output:
Standard NTSC[NTSC-M]
Given this set of conditions, autoconfiguration mode 44 is a perfect fit for this
architectural option. As a result, simply use the graphics accelerator’s serial bus
mastering ability to program the CX25870/871s CONFIG[5:0] field with a binary
value of 101100. This translates into writing a hexadecimal number of 0x54 to
register 0xB8. Once the encoder acknowledges this write to its autoconfiguration
register, it automatically loads the appropriate values for this type of DVD
configuration into its register indices from 0x76 to 0xB4 including 0x38. The
exact data transferred into these registers is contained in Appendix C.
1-68
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CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
After completion of the autoconfiguration command, the encoder enters
Master interface. In addition, the CX25870/871 will expect to receive digital
frames with an active resolution of 720x480 comprised of noninterlaced RGB
data at a pixel rate of 27.6923 MHz. If these events occur, approximately 40
clocks later (i.e., pipeline delay), the encoder will begin transmitting a
NTSC-compliant S-Video or Composite video signal containing the DVD movie.
1.3.40 SECAM Output
Unlike its predecessor, the Bt868/869, the CX25870/871 now includes an encoder
block for conversion of digital video data into a SECAM Composite (CVBS)
and/or a SECAM S-Video signal.
Like other video outputs, any active resolution from 320x200 to 1024x768 can
be supported with the SECAM encoder block. The circuit accepts RGB or YCrCb
data in a variety of multiplexed or nonmultiplexed input formats, reformats the
digital data, and finally routes the stream through the four on-chip
Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs). The encoder supports all variations of the
SECAM analog video standard including those commonly used in France
(SECAM-L), Eastern Europe/Russia (D, K, K1), and Greece/Middle East (B, G, H).
The SECAM specific processing is achieved in this block by a pre-emphasis
of the color difference signals. Once data is received, it is converted to an internal
YUV format. Next, the Y component is filtered and then upsampled to the system
clock frequency while the UV components are used to frequency modulate the
two subcarrier frequencies appropriately.
The luminance signal is always low-pass filtered using the upsampling filter
response illustrated in Figure 1-24. Additional peaking or reduction filters can be
enabled (see Figures 1-25 through 1-27), using the PKFIL_SEL[1:0] bit field.
The peaking filters are optimized for a high bandwidth frequency response and
optimal picture quality.
The default chrominance filter response is illustrated in Figure 1-28, but an
alternate wide bandwidth response can be selected by setting register bit
CHROMA_BW, as illustrated in Figure 1-29. The color subcarrier frequencies,
4.25000 MHz for Db and 4.40625 MHz for Dr, are controlled by a number of
registers, chiefly MSC_DB[31:0] for Db and MSC[31:0] for Dr. Figure 1-30
illustrates the SECAM pre-emphasis filter response at higher (>3 MHz)
frequencies within the standard definition television passband.
Table 1-21 lists three complete register sets for the most common desktop
input resolutions with the SECAM output. This output adheres to the SECAM
target video parameters included in Table A-1. This occurs only if the Conexant
encoder is programmed correctly with the register values listed in Table 1-21, the
master device provides the RGB data at the listed clock frequency (CLKI/CLKO),
and the interface bits are modified to match the desired connection type.
100381B
Conexant
1-69
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Table 1-21. Register Values for 640x480 / 800x600 / 1024x768 RGB In, SECAM-L Out (1 of 4)
640x480 RGB in,
SECAM-L out
HOC = 16.55%,
VOC = 16.66%
800x600 RGB in, SECAM-L
out HOC = 14.52%
VOC=13.19%
1024x768 RGB in,
SECAM-L out
HOC = 12.72%
VOC = 12.15%
CLKI/CLKO Frequency
29.500007 MHz
36.000000 MHz
67.687489 MHz
State of PLL_32CLK bit
0
0
1
Internal Pixel Clock Frequency
29.500007 MHz
36.000000 MHz
45.124993 MHz
Register Address
CX25870 Register
Values
CX25870 Register Values
CX25870 Register Values
0x00
00
00
00
0x02
00
00
00
0x04
00
00
00
0x06
00
00
00
0x2E
00
00
00
0x30
00
00
00
0x32
00
00
00
0x34
00
00
00
0x36
00
00
00
0x38
00
00
20
0x3A
00
00
00
0x3C
80
80
80
0x3E
80
80
80
0x40
80
80
80
0x42(5)
8B
8E
9B
0x44(5)
A0
E3
5D
0x46(5)
E1
38
1C
0x48(5)
24
1E
18
0x4A(5)
28
3A
5F
0x4C(5)
3B
77
C4
0x4E(5)
25
1C
13
0x50(5)
28
3A
5F
0x52(5)
3B
77
C4
0x54(5)
25
1C
13
1-70
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Table 1-21. Register Values for 640x480 / 800x600 / 1024x768 RGB In, SECAM-L Out (2 of 4)
640x480 RGB in,
SECAM-L out
HOC = 16.55%,
VOC = 16.66%
800x600 RGB in, SECAM-L
out HOC = 14.52%
VOC=13.19%
1024x768 RGB in,
SECAM-L out
HOC = 12.72%
VOC = 12.15%
Register Address
CX25870 Register
Values
CX25870 Register Values
CX25870 Register Values
0x56(5)
AC
18
7A
0x58(5)
20
27
31
0x5A
00
00
00
0x5C
00
00
00
0x5E
00
00
00
0x60
00
00
00
0x62
00
00
00
0x64
00
00
00
0x66
3C
E3
D9
0x68
00
00
00
0x6A
00
00
00
0x6C(1)
46
46
46
0x6E
00
00
00
0x70
0F
0F
0F
0x72
00
00
00
0x74
01
01
01
0x76
60
00
48
0x78
80
20
00
0x7A
8A
AA
D4
0x7C
A6
CA
FC
0x7E
68
9A
E2
0x80
C1
0D
79
0x82
2E
29
28
0x84
F2
FC
FE
0x86
27
39
4B
0x88
00
00
00
0x8A
B0
C0
91
0x8C
0A
8C
5E
0x8E
0B
03
0D
0x90
71
EE
B6
100381B
Conexant
1-71
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Table 1-21. Register Values for 640x480 / 800x600 / 1024x768 RGB In, SECAM-L Out (3 of 4)
1-72
640x480 RGB in,
SECAM-L out
HOC = 16.55%,
VOC = 16.66%
800x600 RGB in, SECAM-L
out HOC = 14.52%
VOC=13.19%
1024x768 RGB in,
SECAM-L out
HOC = 12.72%
VOC = 12.15%
Register Address
CX25870 Register
Values
CX25870 Register Values
CX25870 Register Values
0x92
5A
5F
76
0x94
E0
58
00
0x96
06
0A
3F
0x98
00
66
A4
0x9A
50
96
A0
0x9C
72
0
55
0x9E
1C
0
15
0xA0
0D
10
1E
0xA2
8C
8C
24
0xA4
F0
F0
F0
0xA6
58
57
56
0xA8(5)
76
5F
4B
0xAA(5)
4D
3E
31
0xAC
8C
8C
8C
0xAE(5)
EA
55
76
0xB0(5)
BE
55
4A
0xB2(5)
3C
55
FF
0xB4(5)
26
1F
18
0xB6
00
0
0
0xB8
01
3
33
0xBA
00
0
0
0xBC
00
0
0
0xBE
00
0
0
0xC0
00
0
0
0xC2
00
0
0
0xC4(2)
01
1
1
0xC6(3)
03
3
3
0xC8
1B
1B
1B
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Table 1-21. Register Values for 640x480 / 800x600 / 1024x768 RGB In, SECAM-L Out (4 of 4)
640x480 RGB in,
SECAM-L out
HOC = 16.55%,
VOC = 16.66%
800x600 RGB in, SECAM-L
out HOC = 14.52%
VOC=13.19%
1024x768 RGB in,
SECAM-L out
HOC = 12.72%
VOC = 12.15%
Register Address
CX25870 Register
Values
CX25870 Register Values
CX25870 Register Values
0xCA
C0
C0
C0
0xCC
C0
C0
C0
0xCE(4)
24
24
24
0xD0
00
0
0
0xD2
00
0
0
0xD4
00
0
0
0xD6
00
0
0
0xD8
40
40
40
NOTE(S):
1. Register 0x6C contains the TIMING_RESET bit. Set this bit as your last programming step and the CX25870 will clear it
automatically later.
2. Register 0xC4 contains the EN_OUT bit. Adjust according to your design's interface as necessary.
3. Register 0xC6 contains the EN_BLANKO, EN_DOT, and IN_MODE[2:0] bits. Adjust according to your design's interface as
necessary.
4. Register 0xCE contains the OUT_MUXD[1:0], OUTMUXC[1:0], OUTMUXB[1:0], and OUTMUXA[1:0] bit fields for output
routing. Adjust according to your design's interface as necessary.
5. This is a SECAM specific register.
The procedure required to obtain a SECAM output with an overscan
compensation percentage that differs from those solutions in Table 1-21 is fairly
simple. First, configure the encoder so it generates a standard PAL-B output with
the desired overscan compensation percentage. This can be done through the use
of an autoconfiguration mode, a hand-generated, or a predefined register set.
Second, perform a full register read-back from the CX25870. Carefully note the
value for register 0xA2. Third, program only the bits found in Table 1-22 to their
new state within the CX25870.
Table 1-22. Vital SECAM Bit Settings–Register 0xA2
Bit Name
Location
State for PAL-BDGHI
State for SECAM
FM
Bit 7 of register 0xA2
0
1
PAL_MD
Bit 5 of register 0xA2
1
0
VSYNC_DUR
Bit 3 of register 0xA2
0
0
100381B
Conexant
1-73
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Finally, calculate the values for the MSC_DB[31:0], MCR[7:0], MCB[7:0],
FILFSCONV[5:0], FIL4286INCR[7:0], and MSC[31:0] registers for the particular
SECAM overscan solution. To accomplish this task, read back both values that
comprise the HCLKO[11:0] register, convert it to decimal (base 10), and use it in the
equations below. After solving each SECAM register equation, perform a conversion
back to a hexadecimal number and program the appropriate registers with their new
SECAM specific values.
The equations for generation of a SECAM output based on a RGB input only
are:
MSC_DB[31:0] = int ((272 / H_CLKO[11:0]) * 232 + 0.5)
DR_LIMITP[10:0] = ((4.756 MHz/ Internal Pixel Clock Frequency)*2^13)
DR_LIMITN[10:0] = ((3.9 MHz/ Internal Pixel Clock Frequency)*2^13)
DB_LIMITP[10:0] = ((4.756 MHz/ Internal Pixel Clock Frequency)*2^13)
DB_LIMITN[10:0] = ((3.9 MHz/ Internal Pixel Clock Frequency)*2^13)
•If PLL_CLK32 is 0, then Internal Pixel Clock Frequency = CLKI =
CLKO.
•If PLL_CLK32 is 1(for some overscan ratios in 800x600 and all 1024x768
resolutions), then Internal Pixel Clock Frequency = (2/3) * CLKI
FIL4286INCR[7:0]: Six equations required to find hex value
SCINCR_OFF = int(8192 * 4.286 * 1728 / (27 * H_CLKO[11:0]) +
0.5)
SCINCR_OFFh = dec2hex(SCINCR_OFF)
SCINCR_OFFb = hex2bin(SCINCR_OFFh)
SCINCR_INTb = SCINCR_OFFb &(bitwise AND operator) with
111111111(binary)
SCINCR_INTnot = NOT[SCINCR_INTb]
FIL4286INCR[7:0] = [BIN2DEC{SCINCR_INTnot}]
2
FILFSCONV[5:0] = int((27 * H_CLKO[11:0] * 1.087) / 1728 + 0.5)
For RGB input only:
MCR[7:0] = int ((920.26) / (288036.0 * H_CLKO[11:0] * SINX) * 226 + 0.5)
where SINX = [sin (p * Fsc / CLKI)] / (p * Fsc / CLKI)
MCB[7:0] = int ((598.15) / (288036.0 * H_CLKO[11:0] * SINX) * 226 + 0.5)
where SINX = [sin (p * Fsc / CLKI)] / (p * Fsc / CLKI)
MSC[31:0] = int ((282 / H_CLKO[11:0]) * 232 + 0.5)
MY = same as PAL, no change required for SECAM
For YCrCb input only:
MCR[7:0] = int
(1.902/(224*0.713)*(0.28/Fclk)/(84*SINX)*227+0.5)
MCB[7:0] = int
(1.505/(224*0.564)*(0.28/Fclk)/(84*SINX)*227+0.5)
MY = same as PAL, no change required for SECAM
1-74
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Table 1-23. SECAM Specific Registers
Register Address
Description
Value for PAL-BDGHI
Value for SECAM
0x42
MSC_DB[7:0]
Not Used for PAL-BDGHI
Use MSC_DB[31:0] equation
0x44
MSC_DB[15:8]
Not Used for PAL-BDGHI
Use MSC_DB[31:0] equation
0x46
MSC_DB[23:16]
Not Used for PAL-BDGHI
Use MSC_DB[31:0] equation
0x48
MSC_DB[31:24]
Not Used for PAL-BDGHI
Use MSC_DB[31:0] equation
0x4A
DR_LIMITP[7:0]
Not Used for PAL-BDGHI
Use DR_LIMITP[10:0] equation
0x4C
DR_LIMITN[7:0]
Not Used for PAL-BDGHI
Use DR_LIMITN[10:0] equation
0x4E
DR_LIMITN[10:8] &
DR_LIMITP[10:8]
Not Used for PAL-BDGHI
Use DR_LIMITN[10:0] equation
Use DR_LIMITP[10:0] equation
0x50
DB_LIMITP[7:0]
Not Used for PAL-BDGHI
Use DB_LIMITP[10:0] equation
0x52
DB_LIMITN[7:0]
Not Used for PAL-BDGHI
Use DB_LIMITN[10:0] equation
0x54
DB_LIMITN[10:8] &
DB_LIMITP[10:8]
Not Used for PAL-BDGHI
Use DB_LIMITN[10:0] equation
Use DB_LIMITP[10:0] equation
0x56
FIL4286INCR[7:0]
Not Used for PAL-BDGHI
Use FIL4286INCR[7:0] equation
0x58
Bits 5-0 are
FILFSCONV[5:0]
Not Used for PAL-BDGHI
Use FILFSCONV[5:0] equation
0xA8
MCR[7:0]
Overscan Ratio Dependent
Use MCR[7:0] equation
0xAA
MCB[7:0]
Overscan Ratio Dependent
Use MCB[7:0] equation
0xAE
MSC[7:0]
Overscan Ratio Dependent
Use MSC[31:0] equation
0xB0
MSC[15:8]
Overscan Ratio Dependent
Use MSC[31:0] equation
0xB2
MSC[23:16]
Overscan Ratio Dependent
Use MSC[31:0] equation
0xB4
MSC[31:24]
Overscan Ratio Dependent
Use MSC[31:0] equation
1.3.41 Macrovision Copy Protection
The CX25871 device supports Version 7.1.L1 of the Macrovision specification
for copy protection for all NTSC, PAL, and SECAM video outputs. The CX25870
does not support the Macrovision feature whatsoever.
NOTE:
The CX25871 will power-up with Macrovision copy protection enabled as
required by Macrovision Version 7.1.L1.
For detailed instructions and lists of default register values for the CX25871
obtain a Macrovision license and then ask for the Macrovision Process
Supplement application note from your local Conexant salesperson or field
application engineer.
100381B
Conexant
1-75
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
1.3.42 HDTV Output Mode
The CX25870/871 includes an HDTV Output Mode that generates the analog
RGB or analog YPBPR component video outputs necessary for driving an
HDTV’s HD input port.
While generating HDTV outputs, the device accepts RGB or YPRPB digital
data in a 480p, 720p, or 1080i ATSC resolution. After a pipeline delay, it outputs
either analog RGB or analog YPBPR signals and automatically inserts trilevel
synchronization pulses (when necessary) and vertical synchronizing ‘broad
pulses’. The output waveforms, input data requirements and all configuration
details are explained in Appendix E. The device complies with all major SMPTE
and EIA standards governing the HDTV resolutions.
1.3.43 SCART Output
In this mode of operation, the CX25870/871 can be used successfully to provide
one full Red/Green/Blue/Composite (or optionally, a 2-signal Luminance and
Chrominance) SCART/Peritel output to drive SCART-compatible televisions or
VCRs. Many PAL/European TVs being manufactured now have SCART
compatible sockets, that allows the television and the set top box, graphics card,
or game console driving it to work in RGB color instead of the standard
composite. The picture quality for full SCART is significantly better due to the
individual RGB Composite signals being sent directly to the TV color guns. This
is opposed to the TV having to modulate and decode the RGB signals from
another color format. This ultimately yields a crisper picture.
On power-up, the CX25870/871 will output NTSC or PAL standard-definition
television outputs depending on the state of the PAL pin. To switch the device into
SCART Output Mode with three sync-less Red/Green/Blue (RGB) analog outputs
and a single Composite (CVBS) PAL video output from the fourth DAC, program
the encoder into a satisfactory PAL output mode and then perform the sequence
of serial writes found in Table 1-24.
1-76
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Table 1-24. Serial Writes Required to Switch CX25870/871 into SCART Output Operation
Bit Name
EN_SCART
Location
Value
Bit 3–Register 0x6C
1
Comment
Enables SCART Output mode. DACs will transmit Video[0-3] as
SCART compatible RGB/CVBS outputs.
By default, in SCART Output mode, the CX25870 will transmit:
DAC_A = Video[0] = Red
DAC_B = Video[1] = Green
DAC_C = Video[2] = Blue
DAC_D = Video[3] = PAL Composite (CVBS)
OUT_MUXD[1:0]
OUT_MUXC[1:0]
OUT_MUXB[1:0]
OUT_MUXA[1:0]
Bits 7:0–Register CE
E4
By configuring the DAC routing register, the CX25870 will now
transmit:
DAC_A = Video[0] = 00 = Red
DAC_B = Video[1] = 01 = Green
DAC_C = Video[2] = 10 = Blue
DAC_D = Video[3] = 11 = PAL Composite (CVBS)
OUT_MODE[1:0]
Bits 3:2–Register D6
11
Forces CX25870 to generate SCART output mode.
NOTE:
No change to the incoming or outgoing HSYNC* and VSYNC* signal
frequencies are necessary for SCART generation. The sync rates should
continue to match those found with PAL-BDGHI transmission.
While the CX25870/871 is in SCART outmode, the composite video output
(Video[3]) contains a standard bilevel analog sync along with all other
components that comprise a standard PAL-BDGHI video signal. The sync pulse
has an amplitude of 0 mV to 300 mV peak-to-peak and a duration of 4.70 µs by
default. The amplitude can only be adjusted through the use of external passives,
but its width can be adjusted through serial writing of the CX25870
HSYNC_WIDTH register.
The CX25870’s Composite should be used by the subsystem to provide the
positive-going Video output/sync output expected by SCART-compliant display
devices. In other words, the PAL Composite output should be fed into the Video
Input (Contact #20-CEI IEC 933-1) on the SCART connector. CVBS will possess
the same bandwidth and time delays as the CX25870 RGB primary color signals.
The inclusion of a full composite video signal as the 4th output exceeds the
SCART capabilities of some non-Conexant Flicker Filter encoders which choose
to output only Composite Sync as the 4th output. This implementation benefits
the customer because some European Set-Top Boxes connect to TVs solely
through the SCART connector. If the TV only receives Composite video via the
SCART connector, and the Set Top Box is set to RGB output with sync for
blanking (not CVBS) on pin 20, a picture will not be present at all on the TV.
However, with the CX25870, if the TV only receives CVBS (not RGB) and the
Set Top Box is set to RGB output with CVBS on pin 20 the customer will get a
colorful picture on his TV.
100381B
Conexant
1-77
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
The RGB primary color signals generated in SCART mode will not contain
any embedded syncs. For each output, the difference between the peak value
(pure white) and blanking level is 0.7 V (± 3 dB). Therefore, the blanking level
will reside at GND (0 mV) and the maximum level is 700 mV for RGB. The
HSYNC* and VSYNC* digital inputs received by the CX25870/871 continue to
act as a trigger to start a new line and new frame respectively as is the case with
Composite and SVHS outputs. The RGB signals are blanked in accordance with
the values contained in the H_BLANKO and V_BLANKO registers, with
H_CLKO and H_ACTIVE playing a lesser role.
The primary color signals expect a 75 Ω load from the display device. Correct
RGB amplitudes are generated when the CX25870’s SCART outputs each ‘see’
an equivalent impedance of 37.5 Ω between the source and destination.
By default, the RGB positive-going signals are transmitted from the CX25870
in the following manner:
Table 1-25. Default SCART Outgoing Signal Assignments
Pin # on CX25870/871
SCART Output
68 = DACA
Video[0] = Red Primary Color
70 = DACB
Video[1] = Green Primary Color
72 = DACC
Video[2] = Blue Primary Color
66 = DACD
Video[3] = PAL-BDGHI Composite
NOTE:
Video[0-3] can be routed out of any of the 4 on-chip DACs by adjusting
the appropriate OUT_MUXA/B/C/D[1:0] bits.
Other major characteristics of the CX25870/871 SCART Output Mode are:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Acceptable digital RGB inputs include 24/16/or 15 bits per pixel
multiplexed or nonmultiplexed, noninterlaced RGB.
Acceptable digital YCrCb inputs include 24/16 bits per pixel multiplexed
or nonmultiplexed, noninterlaced YCrCb.
CX25870 can operate in master, pseudo-master, or slave interface.
Pixel sampling rate in this mode is determined based on the incoming and
outgoing clock frequencies (CLKI and CLKO).
DAC resolution for all DACs = 10-bits.
Red/Green/Blue/Composite SCART Output from CX25870/871 limited to
a max active resolution of 800 x 600.
Y/C SCART output OK to a maximum active resolution of 1024 x 768.
Compliance with the European EN50-049 SCART connector standard.
Blue should be received as Pin #7, Green as Pin #11, Red as Pin #15, and
CVBS Out from the CX25870 as Composite Out at Pin #19 (Display Side
of Connector).
Compliance with the CEI IEC Publication 933-1 standard. Blue should be
received as Pin #7, Green as Pin #11, Red as Pin #15, and CVBS Out from
the CX25870 as Composite Out at Pin #19 (Display Side of Connector).
The CX25870 is compliant with the major standards and technical reports
governing the SCART interface. Table 1-26 summarizes the pins to be used for
transmission of SCART RGB/CVBS video with this Conexant device.
1-78
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Table 1-26. CX25870 SCART Outputs for Different SCART Standards
RGB Standard
Red
Green
Blue
Composite/Blanking
European EN50-049 SCART (1) connector
Pin 15
Pin 11
Pin 7
Pin 19 -Composite Out
(To Display)
CEI IEC 933-1 : (1) BBC SCART Arrangement #1
Pin 15
Pin 11
Pin 7
Pin 19 - Composite Out
(To Display)
Y- C Standard
Chroma
x
c
Pin 15
Luminance - Chrominance (2) SCART: BBC SCART
Arrangement #2
Luma
x
—
Pin 20
NOTE(S):
(1)
(2)
Red/Green/Blue signals levels are from 0 V + 0.7 V peak-to-peak with 75 Ω load impedance.
The Luminance – Chrominance Outputs for SCART are equivalent to PAL-BDGHI S-Video. Therefore, OUTMODE[1:0] should
be programmed to 00, the EN_SCART bit should be reset to 0, and the OUTMUXA/B/C/D[1:0] bits adjusted according to
which DACs must transmit Luminance(Video[1]) and Chrominance(Video[2]).
A specialized cable and connector are required to connect the CX25870’s
RGB/CVBS or Y/C outputs to the TV’s SCART input. This cable can be procured
from various European electronic stores and comes in at least two different
arrangements. Consult the CEI IEC 933-1 specification (Audio, Video, and
Audiovisual systems-Interconnections and Matching Values) for a precise
illustration of their 21-contact SCART connector, video signal peak-peak values,
and cordset types.
The most common types of SCART connectors are the so-called Type I and
Type II variety. Figures 1-34 and 1-35 illustrate the recommended Type I and
Type II SCART connector pinout arrangements.
Figure 1-34. CX25870 Driving a Type I SCART Connector (EN 50-049 and IEC 933-1 Compliant)
3.3 V
Std Def
LPF
CVBS as Sync
75 Ω
1%
21
20
19
3.3 V
CX25870/871
Std Def
LPF
Y/R
Std Def
LPF
C/G
Std Def
LPF
CVBS/B
16
15
3.3 V
14
13
12
11
3.3 V
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
75 Ω
1%
75 Ω
1%
+3.3 V
18
17
2
1
75 Ω
1%
SCART
Connector
100381_092
100381B
Conexant
1-79
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Figure 1-35. CX25870 Driving a Type II SCART Connector (Y/C and BBC SCART Compliant)
21
20
19
CX25870/871
Y/R
3.3 V
3.3 V
C/G
Std Def
LPF
15
Std Def
LPF
11
16
14
13
12
10
9
8
7
CVBS/B
6
5
75 Ω
1%
75 Ω
1%
+3.3 V
18
17
4
3
2
1
SCART
Connector
100381_093
Conexant recommends that any designer utilizing the CX25870 with either
type of SCART output utilize the same DAC low-pass filters used for standard
definition TV outputs listed in Chapter 3.0 of this data sheet.
1.3.44 Interlaced Standard Definition Analog Component Video TV Outputs
In this mode of operation, the CX25870/25871 provides a set of Component
Video Y, PB (B–Y), PR (R–Y) outputs based on a 480 line interlaced RGB or
YCrCb digital input format. Some DVD Players, such as those made by Toshiba
and Panasonic, call the Component Video Output format by their branded name,
“ColorStream.” Others refer to the two EIA standards governing this video
format–EIA-770.1 and EIA-770.2-A, and state this video type as Interlaced
Component Video, 480i Component Video, or Component YUV. Regardless of
the different names, the video format remains the same. For instructions on how
to configure the CX25870/871 to generate progressive 480p Component Video
(or ColorStream Pro), refer to that particular section in this data sheet.
The designer can enable ColorStream by using three of the CX25870’s DACs
to generate two color difference signals (PR and PB sometimes referred to as CR
and CB) and a single luminance signal (Y). These three channels allow the video
generating device to bypass the TV’s internal Y/C separator and color decoder
circuits. The analog information therefore gets routed directly into the TV’s
matrix decoder. By sending the pure component video signal directly to a
Component Video or ColorStream input-equipped display media, the input signal
forgoes the extra processing that normally would degrade the analog image.
1-80
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
The advantage of this type of video is increased image quality combined with
more lifelike colors and crisper detail. Because the video information is
transferred over three separate connecting cables instead of two (for S-Video) or
one (for Coaxial or RCA/Composite), 480i Component Video yields the best
standard definition TV quality available. However, because we are still dealing
with standard 480 line interlaced resolutions, this format remains inferior to
High-Definition TV.
Output devices used for generating this format include, but are not limited to,
Digital TV set top boxes, Satellite DBS Receiver Decoders, and DVD players.
Input media capable of decoding ColorStream include television receivers and/or
monitors.
While in the Component Video mode, all 10-bits of the CX25870’s D/A
converters are available for encoding. This results in a D/A conversion more
accurate than conventional 8-bit, 13.500 MHz systems. The end result is a more
artifact-free and clear image.
Some major characteristics governing the interlaced standard definition
television analog component video interface are as follows:
Pixels per
Active Line
Active Lines
per Frame
Frame Rate
(Hz)
Output
Scanning
Format
Total Samples
per Line
Total Liens per
Frame
720
480
30 / 1.001
Interlaced
858
525
•
•
•
The digital input stream can be received in a progressive (i.e.,
noninterlaced) format or interlaced format. Interlaced data must be
transmitted as ODD–EVEN–ODD … fields. The fields carry every other
scan line in succession with succeeding fields carrying the lines not
scanned by the previous field.
Each field will be divided into an active picture area and a vertical
blanking interval (VBI). Similarly, each line will be divided into an active
pixel area and a horizontal blanking interval.
The 480i video output will be capable of either a 4:3 or 16:9 aspect ratio
through embedding of Wide Screen Signaling (WSS) bits into the
appropriate lines in the VBI. Review the section 1.3.35 in the data sheet for
more details.
If configured properly, the CX25870’s EIA 770.2-A compliant Component
Video luminance signal has a peak amplitude of 700 mV from the blanking level,
with zero setup. A negative-going bilevel sync pulse of 300 mV, conforming to
the timing requirements in Figure 1.3-a, is added to the Luma signal as the only
timing reference for the complete Y PR PB set of signals.
Neither PR nor PB will contain an embedded sync pulse. Both will have a
maximum peak amplitude of ± 350 mV. The DC level of PR and PB during the
horizontal line shown in Figure 1-36 below will be at reference black with a
voltage of 0 V. It will be generated in conformance with the EIA 770.2-A and
EIA770.1 standards. The only differences between these standards are the
presence of the 7.5 IRE setup pedestal and slightly different luminance levels.
Check Tables 1-27 and 1-28 for complete programming instructions for either
standard.
100381B
Conexant
1-81
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
The three component video signals Y, PB, and PR will be coincident with
respect to each other within ± 5.0 ns. Any filtering that introduces group delay
exceeding 5.0 ns should be redesigned.
Figure 1-36. YPR PB Component Video Signals using 100/0/100/0 Color Bars as the Digital Input Signal (Courtesy–
EIA-770.2-A standard, page 8 and EIA-770.1 standard)
EIA770.1
EIA770.2-A
+714
+700
0
0
–286
–300
EIA770.1
EIA770.2-A
+350
+350
0
0
WHT YEL CYN GRN MGT RED BLU
BLK
Y
–350
–350
EIA770.1
+350
EIA770.2-A
+350
0
0
–350
–350
PB
PR
CLAMP PERIOD
SYNC PERIOD
100381_098
To switch the device into 480i Component Video Output Mode with bilevel
syncs embedded into each of the three YPRPB analog outputs, first, program up
the CX25870/871 into a fully functional NTSC over-scan solution where
Composite and/or S-Video is being generated out of at least three of the encoder’s
outputs. Next, change the registers found in Table 1-27 to the indicated values.
1-82
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Table 1-27. Common Registers Required to Switch CX25870/25871 into EIA-770.2-A- or EIA-770.1-Compliant Component
Video Outputs
Register/Bit Name
Location
Value
Comment
MCOMPY[7:0]
Bits 7:0 – Register 3C
80 (hex)
Gain multiplication factor for Y analog output.
MCOMPU[7:0]
Bits 7:0 – Register 3E
90 (hex)
Gain multiplication factor for PB analog output.
MCOMPV[7:0]
Bits 7:0 – Register 40
66 (hex)
Gain multiplication factor for PR analog output.
SETUP
Bit 1 - Register A2
1 (binary)
Required for EIA770.1 compliance. Enables 7.5 IRE
pedestal normally present within NTSC-M active video
lines.
OUT_MODE[1:0]
Bits 3:2 - Register D6
10 (binary)
Enables Component Video output mode. CX25870
DACs will transmit Video[0-3] as EIA-770.2-A or 770.1
compliant
PR / Y / PB / Y_DELAY outputs.
OUT_MUXA[1:0]
OUT_MUXB[1:0]
OUT_MUXC[1:0]
OUT_MUXD[1:0]
Bits 1:0 - Register CE
Bits 3:2 - Register CE
Bits 5:4 - Register CE
Bits 7:6 - Register CE
00 (binary)
01 (binary)
10 (binary)
11 (binary)
By default, in Component Video output mode, the
CX25870 will transmit:
DAC_A = Video[0] = PR = V
DAC_B = Video[1] = Y
DAC_C = Video[2] = PB = U
DAC_D = Video[3] = Y_DELAY
For EIA-770.1 compliant Component Video out, no other programming steps
are required for the CX25870/871 beyond Table 1-27.
For the more common EIA-770.2-A compliant Component Video out, a few
additional programming steps are required. These are listed in Table 1-28 below:
Table 1-28. Unique Registers Required to Switch CX25870/25871 into EIA-770.2-A- Compliant Component Video Outputs
Register/Bit Name
Location
Value
Comment
SETUP
Bit 1–Register A2
0 (binary)
Required for EIA770.2-A compliance. Removes 7.5 IRE
pedestal normally present within NTSC-M active video
lines.
SYNC_AMP[7:0]
Bits 7:0–Register A4
F0 (hex)
Multiplication factor for adjusting the analog sync
amplitude tip to –300 mV for EIA-770.2-A.
MY[7:0]
Bits 7:0–Register AC
85 (hex)
Additional gain multiplication factor for Y EIA-770.2-A
analog output. This register needs to be increased by
6 percent of its nominal value.
For a NTSC output based on a RGB digital input, this
register would be increased 6 percent to 8C (hex) from a
nominal value of 85 (hex).
100381B
Conexant
1-83
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
The analog Y, PB, and PR - Video[0-3] outputs can be routed out of any of the
four on-chip DACs by adjusting the appropriate OUT_MUXA/B/C/D[1:0] bits.
All of the OUT_MUX bits are contained in register 0xCE.
Because the CX25870 device has four DACs and only three are needed for
Component Video, the designer can choose to use the 4th output, usually from
DAC_D, for any purpose deemed necessary. This output can be configured to
either the PR, Y, PB, or Y_DELAY output via OUT_MUXD. If the output is not
going to be used whatsoever, Conexant recommends DAC_D be disabled by
setting DACDISD (bit 3, Register BA). This will save on power dissipation.
The Component Video output signals expect a 75 Ω load to ground from the
display medium. Correct Y, PR, PB amplitudes will be generated only when each
CX25870 output sees an equivalent impedance of 37.5 Ω between the source and
destination.
The CX25870 is compliant with the major standards and technical reports
governing the Standard Definition TV Analog Component Video interface. The
name of these standards are as follows:
•
•
•
EIA 770.2-A–Standard Definition TV Analog Component Video Interface
EIA 770.1–Standard Definition TV Analog Component Video Interface
ANSI/SMPTE Standard 170M (1994) (M/NTSC) for
Television–Composite Analog Video Signal–NTSC for Studio
Applications
To obtain any of these specifications, visit Global Engineering Documents at:
http://global.ihs.com/
Conexant recommends that any designer utilizing the CX25870 with a
Component Video output utilize the same DAC low-pass filters used for standard
definition TV outputs listed in Figure 3-2 of this data sheet.
1-84
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
1.3.45 VGA(RGB)—DAC Output Operation
In this mode of operation, the CX25870/871 acts as a general-purpose triple
high-speed D/A converter used to drive video receivers, such as PC monitors. The
encoder accomplishes this by bypassing most of the encoder blocks utilized for
television outputs, such as the Flicker Filter and FIFO and routing the RGB or
YCrCb digital data straight through to the on-chip 10-bit DACs. Once the data
arrives at the DACs, it is quickly converted to a set of 700 mV peak-to-peak
analog outputs, streamed through the respective DAC_X output pins, and routed
onto the rest of the graphics system according to the PCB layout.
Optimal performance is achieved when the CX25870/871’s current controlled
DACs are terminated into appropriate resistive loads to produce voltage outputs.
The chip’s DAC outputs are specifically designed to produce video output levels
with a total peak-peak active-region amplitude of 700 mV when directly
connected to a single-ended, doubly terminated (Req = 37.5 Ω) load. With the
recommended loading of two 75 Ω ± 1 percent resistors (one each for the
transmitting and receiving side), the full-scale video amplitude is from 286 mV
(blanking) to 986 mV (maximum luminance) and synchronization pulses from
0 mV (negative sync tip) to 286 mV (blanking) respectively. The analog
synchronization pulse is generated by the CX25870/871 every time it receives a
falling edge on either the HSYNC* or the VSYNC* input by default. These sync
pulses can be disabled for the RGB outputs by following the steps found in
Table 1-30.
On power-up, the CX25870/871 will output NTSC or PAL standard-definition
television outputs depending on the state of the PAL pin. To switch the device into
VGA-DAC Output Mode with bilevel syncs embedded on every Red/Green/Blue
(RGB) analog output, perform the sequence of serial writes found in Table 1-29
only.
Table 1-29. Serial Writes Required to Switch CX25870/871 into VGA/DAC Output Operation
Bit Name
Location
Value
Comment
SLAVER
Bit 5–Register 0xBA
1
Ensures CX25871 in slave or pseudo-master interface
EN_XCLK
Bit 7–Register 0xA0
1
CLKI used as pixel clock source.
SETUP
Bit 1–Register 0xA2
0
Setup off. The +56 mV pedestal setup is disabled for active
video lines.
OUT_MODE[1:0]
Bits 3:2–Register D6
11
Video [0-3] = 11 = VGA Output Mode:
DAC_A = Video[0] = Red
DAC_B = Video[1] = Green
DAC_C = Video[2] = Blue
DAC_DISD
Bit 3–Register 0xBA
1
Disables DACD output. Current is set to 0 mA. Output
voltage goes to 0 V.
100381B
Conexant
1-85
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Of course, the master device’s timing signals (HSYNC*, VSYNC*, CLKI)
and the digital data sent to the CX25870/871 must also be adjusted to ensure the
proper operation of this mode.
Some applications, such as VESA compliant PC Monitors, dictate that the
embedded bilevel syncs be completely absent from the RGB analog outputs.
Fortunately, the CX25870/871 can provide VESA’s ‘syncless’ outputs so long as
the additional set of bits found in Table 1-30 are programmed as shown:
Complete all steps in Tables 1-29 plus 1-30.
Table 1-30. Serial Writes Required to Remove Bilevel Syncs from all VGA/DAC Outputs
Bit Name
Location
Value
Comment
HDTV_EN
Bit 7—Register 0x28
1
DACs output HDTV compatible RGB
RASTER_SEL[1:0]
Bits[1:0]—Register 0x28
00
Default state. No need to reprogram.
RGB2PRPB
Bit 6—Register 0x28
0
Default state. No need to reprogram.
BPB_SYNC_DIS
Bit 3—Register 0x28
1
Disables sync on Blue output
GY_SYNC_DIS
Bit 4—Register 0x28
1
Disables sync on Green output
RPR_SYNC_DIS
Bit 5—Register 0x28
1
Disables sync on Red output
NOTE(S): When all bits in Tables 1-29 and 1-30 are programmed correctly, the active video level range will be from +286 mV to
+986 mV.
The outputs generated from the combined steps listed in Table 1-29 and
Table 1-30 will not contain any embedded syncs, but will contain a positive
286 mV DC offset because the encoder cannot generate negative voltage levels.
Therefore, the blanking level will reside at 286 mV and the maximum luminance
level is 986 mV for the 3 different outputs. The HSYNC* and VSYNC* digital
inputs received by the CX25870/871 will continue to cause blanking, but this is
irrelevant since the data itself is blanked at these times.
To reiterate, the VESA Video Signal Standard specification requires that the
DAC analog output stay between 0.0 Vdc and 0.700 Vdc +.07 V (or -.03 V) with
no excursions at all times. Clearly, the blank and maximum luminance levels for
the CX25870/871 are in violation of this specification. To compensate for the DC
offset, the CX25870/871 is reliant on the VGA Monitor’s decode capabilities to
remove this DC deviation. Through testing, Conexant has determined that most, if
not all, present-day monitors have this function to filter out minor DC offsets.
Other major characteristics of the CX25870/871 VGA—DAC Output Mode are:
•
•
•
•
•
1-86
Acceptable digital RGB inputs include 24/16/or 15 bits per pixel
multiplexed or nonmultiplexed RGB
Acceptable digital YCrCb inputs include 24/16 bits per pixel multiplexed
or nonmultiplexed YCrCb
CX25870 can only be a slave to the data master in this type of operation
Sampling rate in this mode is determined based on the incoming clock
frequency (CLKI)
DAC resolution for all DACs = 10-bits
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Finally, Conexant recommends that any designer utilizing the CX25870 in this
mode circumvent the three capacitors and one inductor found in the DAC
low-pass filters used for standard definition TV outputs. Figure 1-37 illustrates
one method of bypassing the capacitors and inductor. Note that an additional
RCA (or other type) of connector is recommended in this case for the Red. Green,
and Blue VGA Outputs.
Figure 1-37. Filterless DAC Outputs for VGA (RGB)—DAC Output Operation
72
DAC C
COUT
3
1
2
VGA B
Output
1
C15
22 pF
0805
5%
DACC
VAA
3.3 V
1
2
R7
75.0 Ω
0805
5%
L2
1.8 µH
1210
C16
270 pF 5%
0805
5%
3
C14
330 pF
0805
5%
DAC B
D6
BAT54S
SOT-23
5443R10-0041
2
Y = Luma
1
R2
75.0 Ω
0805
5%
L3
1.8 µH
1210
C13
270 pF 5%
0805
5%
2
C = Chroma
C17
330 pF
0805
5%
3
2
1
70
DACB
3
BOUT
3
VAA
3.3 V
1
C12
22 pF
0805
5%
D6
BAT54S
SOT-23
5443R10-0041
VGA G
Output
3
DAC B
In VGA Output Mode
CVBS =
Composite
2
DAC B
68
CX25870/871
C10
330 pF
0805
5%
2
1
R1
75.0 Ω
0805
5%
L1
1.8 µH
1210
C9
270 pF 5%
0805
5%
3
3
AOUT
1
2
DACA
VGA R
Output
1
C8
22 pF
0805
5%
D6
BAT54S
SOT-23
5443R10-0041
VAA
3.3 V
2
3
DAC A
NOTE(S):
Make sure to have only one of the paired outputs plugged in simultaneously.
100381_083
100381B
Conexant
1-87
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
1.3.46 TV Auto-Detection Procedures
The device can determine whether or not the DAC output is connected to a
monitor by verifying that the output is doubly-terminated. The MONSTATx bit
for the corresponding DAC is set to a 1 if the device senses a doubly-terminated
load on a reset condition or if the CHECK_STAT register bit is set. While
CHECK_STAT is set, the output is forced to 2/3 of VREF when terminated and
4/3 of VREF if unterminated. The MONSTATx bit reflects the condition when the
DAC output is less than or equal to VREF. The CHECK_STAT bit is
automatically cleared after two clock cycles.
The CX25870/871 can be read from using 2 different methods. The first
method is called Standard serial read-back. To perform a read, simply have the
master device issue the CX25870/871’s serial device address (0x89 or 0x8B
depending on the state of the encoders ALTADDR pin), transmit the particular
subaddress (encoder register index) to read from, and then wait for the
CX25870/871 to transmit the appropriate 8-bits of data. Of course, START and
STOP conditions and ACKs must exist at the pertinent times as well, but this
summarizes the basic procedure.
The second method that can be used to read back from the encoder is called
the Legacy method. This is because the procedure that follows was the only
manner in which Conexant’s first generation encoder (i.e., Bt868/869) could be
read from. For compatibility purposes, this method was carried forward and exists
in this second generation encoder.
The Legacy procedure to follow for serial read-back and TV detection purposes
is:
Write 01 to the ESTATUS[1:0]{bits D7=msb and D6 of register 0xC4}bit
field. This sets up the encoder to read the MONSTAT data and check if the
DACs have a TV connected.
2. Write the CHECK_STAT register bit to a one (bit D6 of register BA). This
will latch the MONSTAT data internally and then clear itself.
3. Wait 600 µs to allow the analog nodes to reach their operating point.
4. Read the MONSTAT data by issuing 0x89 or 0x8B for the CX25870/871’s
device address. This ensures the least significant bit of the device write
portion of the transaction is 1, which indicates to the encoder that it must
send a byte of data on the next serial transaction. Do not write a subaddress
to the encoder (this is not necessary since the first generation encoder only
had one read register) and then read the next byte after the ACK. The 8-bit
read in Step 1 contains either the CX25870’s ID&VERSION (if ESTATUS
was written to 00) or the CX25870’s Monitor Detection for DACs C, B,
and A + Closed Caption Status info and the FIELD # (if ESTATUS = 01).
If ESTATUS was written to 10 in Step 1, the read byte will contain the
PLL_LOCK, FIFO status bits, PAL bit, and BUSY bit.
1.
1-88
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
Table 1-31 summarizes the meaning of the read-back bits when the agency procedure
is used and ESTATUS[1:0] = 10, 01, or 00.
Table 1-31. ESTATUS[1:0] Read-back Bit Map
ESTATUS
[1:0]
7
6
5
4
3
ID[2:0]
00
2
1
0
VERSION[4:0]
01
MONSTAT_A
MONSTAT_B
MONSTAT_C
CCSTAT_E
CCSTAT_O
10
Reserved
SECAM
PLL_RESET_O
UT
PLL_LOCK
FIFO_OVER
FIELD[2:0]
FIFO_
UNDER
PAL
RESERVED
NOTE(S): Descriptions of these bits are found in Table 2-4.
If ESTATUS = 01, the serial master should receive one byte of information
telling it the following information in this order:
a. Monitor Connection Status for DACA output (MONSTAT_A = most
significant bit).
b. Monitor Connection Status for DACB output (MONSTAT_B).
c. Monitor Connection Status for DACC output (MONSTAT_C).
d. CCSTAT_E, CCSTAT_O.
e. FIELD2, FIELD1, FIELD0 (least significant bit). The FIELD[2:0] bits
indicate the field number that was last encoded. 000 indicates the 1st
field.
6. The serial master must issue a STOP condition to finish the Read
transaction. An ACK is not necessary before closing the transaction
because the CX25870 just ignores the ACK anyway. In reality, the
CX25870/871 does not really care about ending a transaction properly as
long as a proper START condition is used to start the next transaction. In
the read mode when the CX25870 is driving the SDA port, ending the
transaction cannot take place until the encoder releases control of the SID
line. This happens during the transition from when the last bit of the
register is output to the receiving of the ACK.
7. The graphics controller, acting as the serial master, should clear the
CHECK_STAT register bit back to 0 (bit D6 of register BA) by writing
zero to the CHECK_STAT register bit (bit D6 of register BA) to display
standard video again from the CX25870/871 VGA encoder.
5.
To reiterate, a START condition needs to be issued by the serial master to start
the next transaction. In the read mode, when the CX25870/871 is driving the SID
port, an end to the transaction cannot take place until the encoder releases control
of the SID line. This event happens during the transition from when the last bit of
the register is output to the receiving of the ACK.
100381B
Conexant
1-89
CX25870/871
1.0 Functional Description
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
1.3 Device Description
1.3.47 Sleep/Power Management
There are a number of sleep/power down options for the CX25870/871. These
options can be grouped into three different categories. The first category pertains
to power management during normal operation.
•
•
•
•
•
DIS_PLL bit:
In nonsleep mode, when an external clock is being used, and the PLL is not
needed, this bit will disable the PLL function.
XTAL_PAD_DIS bit:
Setting this bit forces the crystal oscillator circuit to completely shut down.
This requires the CX25870/871 to switch over to an external clock or the
RESET* pin needs to be pulsed low to recover.
XTL_BFO_DIS bit:
This disables the crystal buffer when it is not needed.
DIS_CLKO bit:
This will disable the CLKO output pin when not needed, i.e., an external
clock is used in slave interface or to reduce sleep current.
DACDISx/DACOFF bits:
Each individual DAC can be powered down by setting its corresponding
DACDISx bit. This is useful only if some of the DACs are not being
utilized by the graphics system. The entire analog subsection of the device
can be powered-down with the DACOFF bit, allowing digital operations to
continue while reducing the power in the analog circuitry. This will achieve
a significant reduction in power while maintaining all digital functionality.
The second category pertains to software enabled sleep operation.
•
•
•
SLEEP_EN bit:
Shuts down all internal clocks except the serial port interface clock.
Disables all digital I/O pins except these: SLEEP, ALTADDR, CLKI,
CLKO, and XTAL_OUT. Disables the PLL. Turns off all DACs and
VREF; SLEEP and RESET* are never disabled.
PLL_KEEP_ALIVE bit:
When the PLL is used to provide a system clock, this bit keeps it
functioning if the rest of the chip is slept through either the sleep pin or
sleep bit. This bit has no affect if DIS_PLL is set.
DIS_CLKI bit:
The disable for the CLKI is separate from the sleep bit and sleep pin to
accommodate using an external clock as the clock source for the
CX25870/871 or as the PLL input.
The third category relates to the pin driven sleep operation.
•
SLEEP pin:
In addition to what the SLEEP_EN bit does, the sleep pin shuts down the
serial port interface and disables the ALTADDR pin. If the SLEEP pin = 1,
the only way the encoder can return to normal operation is by resetting the
SLEEP pin in 0.
To achieve additional power savings, all the power management options
available in normal operation are also available in software or pin driven sleep
operation.
For the lowest possible power consumption, set the XTL_BFO_DIS,
DIS_CLKO, DIS_CLKI, and XTAL_PAD_DIS bits in order, then pull the SLEEP
pin (#52) high.
1-90
Conexant
100381B
2
2.0 Internal Registers
A complete register bit map CX25870/871 is displayed in Table 2-1. All registers are read/write unless denoted
otherwise. For bit descriptions and detailed programming information, follow the register bit map below. All
registers are set to their default state following a software reset. A software reset is always performed at
power-up. After power-up, a reset can be triggered by to writing the SRESET register bit.
Table 2-1. Register Bit Map (* Indicates Read-Only Register) (1 of 4)
8-Bit
Address
D7
D6
*00
D5
D4
D3
ID[2:0]
D2
D1
VERSION[4:0]
*02
MONSTAT_A MONSTAT_B
MONSTAT_C
CCSTAT_E
CCSTAT_0
FIELD_CNT[2:0]
*04
Reserved
PLL_RESET_
OUT
PLL_LOCK
FIFO_OVER
FIFO_UNDER
*06
MONSTAT_A MONSTAT_B
MONSTAT_C
MONSTAT_D
SECAM
D0
28
PAL
Reserved
FIELD_CNT[3:0]
SERIALTEST[7:0]
2E
HDTV_EN
RGB2PRPB
RPR_SYNC_D GY_SYNC_DIS
IS
BPB_SYNC_D HD_SYNC_
IS
EDGE
30
SLEEP_EN
XTAL_PAD_
DIS
XTL_BFO_
DIS
DIS_CLKI
32
AUTO_CHK
34
ADPT_FF
Reserved
36
FFRTN
YSELECT
38(1)
Reserved
PIX_DOUBLE
PLL_32CLK
DIV2
HBURST_
END[8]
HBURST_
BEGINS[8]
V_LINESI
[10]
3A
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
14318_XTAL
HALF_CLKO
PLL_DIV10
PLL_INPUT DIV2_
LATCH
DRVS[1:0]
Reserved
PLL_KEEP_
ALIVE
DIS_CLKO
Reserved
SETUP_HOLD_A IN_MODE[3] DATDLY_RE
DJ
OFFSET_
RGB
CSC_SEL
C_ALTFF[1:0]
Y_ALTFF[1:0]
Reserved
C_THRESH[2:0]
Y_THRESH[2:0]
3C
MCOMPY[7:0]
3E
MCOMPU[7:0]
40
MCOMPV[7:0]
42
MSC_DB[7:0]
44
MSC_DB[15:8]
46
MSC_DB[23:16]
48
MSC_DB[31:24]
100381B
DIS_PLL
RASTER_SEL[1:0]
Conexant
H_BLANKI
[9]
2-1
CX25870/871
2.0 Internal Registers
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table 2-1. Register Bit Map (* Indicates Read-Only Register) (2 of 4)
8-Bit
Address
D7
D6
4A
DR_LIMITP[7:0]
4C
DR_LIMITN[7:0]
4E
Reserved
50
DB_LIMITP[7:0]
52
DB_LIMITN[7:0]
54
Reserved
56
FIL4286INCR[7:0]
58
Reserved
5A
Y_OFF[7:0]
5C
HUE_ADJ[7:0]
5E
XDSSEL[3:0]
60
EWSSF2
D5
Reserved
Reserved
D4
D3
DR_LIMITP[10:8]
DB_LIMITN[10:8]
DB_LIMITP[10:8]
Reserved
CCSEL[3:0]
EWSSF1
Reserved
Reserved
WSDAT[4:1]
64
WSDAT[20:13]
66
WSSINC[7:0]
68
WSSINC[15:8]
6A
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
6C
TIMING_
RST
EN_REG_RD
FFCBAR
BLNK_IGNORE
6E
HSYNOFFSET[7:0]
70
HSYNOFFSET[9:8]
72
Reserved
74
DATDLY
WSSINC[19:16]
EN_SCART
EACTIVE
FLD_MODE[1:0]
HSYNWIDTH[5:0]
DATSWP
Reserved
76(1)
H_CLKO[7:0]
78(1)
H_ACTIVE[7:0]
7A(1)
HSYNC_WIDTH[7:0]
7C(1)
HBURST_BEGIN[7:0]
7E(1)
HBURST_END[7:0]
80(1)
H_BLANKO[7:0]
82(1)
V_BLANKO[7:0]
84(1)
V_ACTIVEO[7:0]
2-2
D0
FILFSCONV[5:0]
WSDAT[12:5]
V_ACTIVEO[
8]
D1
DR_LIMITN[10:8]
62
86(1)
D2
H_ACTIVE[10:8]
VSYNWIDTH[2:0]
H_CLKO[11:8]
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
2.0 Internal Registers
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table 2-1. Register Bit Map (* Indicates Read-Only Register) (3 of 4)
8-Bit
Address
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
88(1)
H_FRACT[7:0]
8A(1)
H_CLKI[7:0]
8C(1)
H_BLANKI[7:0]
8E(1)
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
VBLANKDLY
H_BLANKI[8]
90(1)
V_LINESI[7:0]
92(1)
V_BLANKI[7:0]
94(1)
V_ACTIVEI[7:0]
CLPF[1:0]
96(1)
D2
YLPF[1:0]
D1
D0
H_CLKI[10:8]
V_ACTIVEI[9:8]
V_LINESI[9:8]
V_SCALE[7:0]
98(1)
H_BLANKO[9:8]
9A(1)
V_SCALE[13:8]
9C(1)
PLL_FRACT[7:0]
9E(1)
PLL_FRACT[15:8]
A0(1)
EN_XCLK
BY_PLL
A2(1)
FM
ECLIP
PLL_INT[5:0]
PAL_MD
DIS_SCRST
VSYNC_DUR 625LINE
A4(1)
SYNC_AMP[7:0]
A6(1)
BST_AMP[7:0]
A8(1)
MCR[7:0]
AA(1)
MCB[7:0]
AC(1)
MY[7:0]
AE(1)
MSC[7:0]
B0(1)
MSC[15:8]
B2(1)
MSC[23:16]
B4(1)
MSC[31:24]
B6
PHASE_OFF[7:0]
B8(2)
Reserved
BA
SRESET
CONFIG[5:3]
CHECK_STAT
SLAVER
Reserved
DACOFF
DACDISD
BC
CCF2B1[7:0]
BE
CCF2B2[7:0]
C0
CCF1B1[7:0]
C2
CCF1B2[7:0]
100381B
Conexant
SETUP
NI_OUT
CONFIG[2:0]
DACDISC
DACDISB
DACDISA
2-3
CX25870/871
2.0 Internal Registers
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table 2-1. Register Bit Map (* Indicates Read-Only Register) (4 of 4)
8-Bit
Address
C4
D7
D6
ESTATUS[1:0]
C6
EN_BLANKO EN_DOT
C8
DIS_YLPF
CA
CC
CE
D5
D4
D3
ECCF2(EXDS) ECCF1(ECC)
ECCGATE
FIELDI
HSYNCI
VSYNCI
DIS_FFILT
D2
D1
ECBAR
DCHROMA
D0
EN_OUT
IN_MODE[2:0]
F_SELC[2:0]
F_SELY[2:0]
DIS_GMUSHY DIS_GMSHY
YCORING[2:0]
YATTENUATE[2:0]
DIS_GMUSHC DIS_GMSHC
CCORING[2:0]
CATTENUATE[2:0]
OUT_MUXD[1:0]
OUT_MUXC[1:0]
OUT_MUXB[1:0]
D0
CCR_START[7:0]
D2
CC_ADD[7:0]
D4
MODE2X
DIV2
EN_ASYNC
CCR_START[8]
D6
CCR_
START[9]
E656
BLANKI
EBLUE
D8
CHROMA_
BW
BY_YCCR
PKFIL_SEL[1:0]
OUT_MUXA[1:0]
CC_ADD[11:8]
OUT_MODE[1:0]
FIELD_ID
CVBSD_INV
LUMADLY[1:0]
SC_
PATTERN
PROG_SC
NOTE(S):
(1)
(2)
2-4
Denotes a register that is reprogrammed by the autoconfiguration process.
When sequentially writing a new register set to the CX25870/871, make sure to skip register 0xB8. This is the
autoconfiguration register and writing to it will overwrite registers 0x76 through 0xB4 and 0x38 with autoconfiguration values.
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
2.0 Internal Registers
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
2.1 Essential Registers
2.1 Essential Registers
The power-up state will be either autoconfiguration mode 0 (640 x 480 RGB in NTSC out) or autoconfiguration
mode 1 (640 x 480 RGB in, PAL_BDGHI out) depending on the state of the PAL pin. By default, the
CX25870/871 will be in master interface. To enable active video, the EACTIVE register bit must be set.
2.2 Device Address
The serial device address for the CX25870/871 is configurable by the state of the ALTADDR pin at reset.
Table 2-2 lists how the ALTADDR pin switches the devices serial address. The ALTADDR pins state should
only be changed during power-up.
Table 2-2. Serial Address Configuration
ALTADDR State
Device Address for Writing
Device Address for Reading
0
0x88
0x89
1
0x8A
0x8B
2.3 Writing Registers
Following a start condition, writing 0x88 as the device ID initiates write access to the CX25870/871 registers
when the ALTADDR pin is low. Alternative device ID 0x8A initiates write access when the ALTADDR pin is
high. If the data is written sequentially in subaddress order, only the first subaddress needs to be written; the
internal address counter will automatically increment after each write to the next register.
When writing an entirely new register set to the CX25870/871, make sure to skip register 0xB8. This is the
autoconfiguration register, and writing any value to it after having loaded values into other registers will replace
desired data with unwanted data.
100381B
Conexant
2-5
CX25870/871
2.0 Internal Registers
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
2.4 Reading Registers
2.4 Reading Registers
Following a start condition, writing 0x89 and then the desired subaddress initiates the read-back sequence. The
next eight bits of information, returned by the CX25870/871, can be read from the SID pin, most significant bit
first. Alternative address 0x8B is required if the ALTADDR pin is high. Registers 0x00 through 0x06 are read
only. All other registers can be read from or written to.
The ID[2:0] bits of register 0x00 indicate the part type (CX25870/871 or Bt868/869). The lower five bits
(VERSION[4:0]) indicate the version number of that particular encoder.
For software detection of a connected TV monitor on each DAC output, the MONSTAT_x bits (found in
0x06 and 0x02 for legacy purposes) should be read accordingly after writing to CHECK_STAT. For a
description of this process follow the guidelines contained in the Section 1.3.46.
To check the status of the monitor connections at the DAC output automatically once per frame during the
vertical blanking interval, set the AUTO_CHK bit.
The following pseudocode sample should be used for properly reading registers within the CX25870/871.
First, there are some basic action assignments:
S_ACK
M_ACK
NACK
START
STOP
D_ADDR
The slave device generates the acknowledge (i.e., the CX25870/871)
The serial master generates the acknowledge.
No acknowledge is generated by either device.
Serial start condition; falling edge of SID occurs when SIC is high.
Serial stop condition; rising edge of SID occurs when SIC is high.
The device address is 88 hex with ALTADDR = 0, 8A when it is a 1.
• Next, load 46 hex into register 6C. This will write the EN_REG_RD bit to 1. This enables the serial
master to read back all encoder registers.
Perform the following transaction with the serial master:
– START/D_ADDR/S_ACK/6C/S_ACK/46/S_ACK/STOP
• Next, use the serial master to write the register address from which read-back will occur:
– START/D_ADDR/S_ACK/<read_address>/S_ACK/STOP
Finally, read the data starting at the read_address previously issued:
– START/D_ADDR+1/S_ACK/<readdata(0)>/M_ACK/<readdata(1)>/M_
ACK/
<readdata(2)>/M_ACK/.../.../<readdata(n-1)>/M_ACK/<readdata(n)>/
NACK/STOP
where:
readdata(0) is the data from CX25870/871 register <read_address>
readdata(1) is the data from CX25870/871 register <read_address>+1
readdata(2) is the data from CX25870/871 register <read_address>+2
As long as the CX25870/871 detects an acknowledge from the serial master (M_ACK) after providing the
readdata, it will expect the read transaction to continue.
When no acknowledge is received, the encoder will end the read operation. Using this approach, consecutive
register reads can be provided with less software overhead.
To read just one register location, every programming step remains the same up to the point where the read
data transaction occurs.
2-6
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
2.0 Internal Registers
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
2.4 Reading Registers
In this case, the master should simply substitute a STOP in place of the M_ACK. The final step of the
transaction will therefore be:
• START/8B/S_ACK/<readdata>/NACK/STOP
.
Table 2-3 contains the bitmap for the encoder’s read-only registers. Table 2-4 contains the data details for
these registers. As mentioned previously, to enable full register read back, the EN_REG_RD bit must be set to 1.
Table 2-3. Bit Map for Read-Only Registers
Register
Address
7
6
5
00
ID[2:0]
02
MONSTAT_A MONSTAT_B MONSTAT_C
04
06
100381B
Reserved
SECAM
4
3
2
1
0
VERSION[4:0]
PLL_RESET_
OUT
CCSTAT_E
CCSTAT_O
PLL_LOCK
FIFO_OVER
MONSTAT_A MONSTAT_B MONSTAT_C MONSTAT_D
Conexant
FIELD_CNT[2:0]
FIFO_
UNDER
PAL
Reserved
FIELD_CNT[3:0]
2-7
CX25870/871
2.0 Internal Registers
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
2.4 Reading Registers
Table 2-4. Data Details Defined for Read-Only Registers
Bit Names
Data Definition
ID[2:0]
Indicates the part number of the Conexant VGA Encoder: 000 is returned from the Bt868, 001 is returned
from the Bt869, 010 is returned from the CX25870, and 011 is returned from the CX25871.
VERSION[4:0]
Version number; for Revision A of the CX25870/871, these bits are all 00000.
Revision C (25870/871-13) is denoted by 00001 of the CX25870/871.
Revision D (25870/871-14) is denoted by 00010 of the CX25870/871.
Revision E (25870/871-15) is denoted by 00011 of the CX25870/871.
MONSTAT_A
Monitor connection status for DACA output, 1 denotes monitor connected to DACA.
MONSTAT_B
Monitor connection status for DACB output, 1 denotes monitor connected to DACB.
MONSTAT_C
Monitor connection status for DACC output, 1 denotes monitor connected to DACC.
MONSTAT_D
Monitor connection status for DACD output, 1 denotes monitor connected to DACD.
CCSTAT_E
High if closed-caption data has been written for the even field; it is low immediately after the clock run-in on
the extended service line for the even field.
CCSTAT_O
High if closed-caption data has been written for the odd field; it is low immediately after the clock run-in on
the closed caption line for the odd field.
FIELD_CNT[3:0]
Field number, where 0000 indicates the first field, 1111 indicates the 15th field. An extra bit was added to
accommodate the SECAM standard.
SECAM
Indicates status of SECAM mode. If the encoder is outputting SECAM, this bit will be set to 1.
PLL_RESET_OUT
PLL reset state.
PLL_LOCK
High when PLL is locked. Will be low if PLL loses lock.
FIFO_OVER
Set to one if FIFO overflows. Reset on read.
FIFO_UNDER
Set to one if FIFO underflows. Reset on read.
PAL
Indicates status of PAL mode. If the encoder is outputting PAL, this bit will be set to 1. If the encoder is
transmitting NTSC, this bit is set to 0.
2-8
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
2.0 Internal Registers
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
2.4 Reading Registers
Table 2-5 contains the data details for the CX25870/871 read/write registers.
Table 2-5. Programming Detail For All Read/Write Registers (1 of 16)
Bit/Register
Names
Bit Location
Bit/Register Definition
14318_XTAL
Bit 4–3A
0 = 13.500 crystal operation. (DEFAULT)
1 = 14.318 MHz crystal operation. Adjusts autoconfiguration register values for the
alternative crystal frequency.
625LINE
Bit 2–A2
The default state of this bit will be 1 if the PAL pin is 1.
0 = 525-line format (NTSC-M, NTSC-J, PAL-M).
1 = 625-line format (PAL-BDGHI, PAL-N, PAL-Nc, SECAM).
ADPT_FF
Bit 7–34
0 = Disable adaptive flicker filter. (DEFAULT)
1 = Enable adaptive flicker filter.
AUTO_CHK
Bit 7–32
0 = Normal operation. (DEFAULT)
1 = The status of the monitor connections will be automatically checked once per frame
during the VBI (vertical blanking interval).
BLANKI
Bit 5–D6
0 = Active low BLANK* pin. (DEFAULT)
1 = Active high BLANK* pin.
BLNK_IGNORE
Bit 4–6C
0 = Use BLANK* pin to indicate the active pixel region in CCIR 656 mode. (DEFAULT)
1 = Use registers H_BLANKI & V_BLANKI to determine the active pixel region in CCIR
656 mode.
BPB_SYNC_DIS
Bit 3–2E
This bit is only effective when OUT_MODE[1:0] = 11, HDTV_EN = 1, and RASTER_SEL is
nonzero.
0 = Enables trilevel sync on HDTV Blue or PB output. (DEFAULT)
1 = Disables trilevel sync on HDTV Blue or PB output. This bit will have to be set
manually for EIA-770.3 compliance.
BST_AMP[7:0]
Bits[7:0]–A6
Color burst amplitude factor. Each bit adjustment represents 1.25 mV of burst
amplitude.
BY_PLL
Bit 6–A0
0 = Use on chip PLL (DEFAULT)
1 = Bypass PLL (encoder clock is crystal frequency).
BY_YCCR
Bit 6–D8
0 = Normal operation (DEFAULT)
1 = Bypass luma cross color reduction filter. Optimal standard definition quality most
often realized with this setting.
C_ALTFF[1:0]
Bits [4:3]–34
Chroma alternate flicker filter selection. This bit will only have an effect when ADPT_FF is
set. C_ALTFF should always be programmed to a value greater than or equal to F_SELC.
00 = 5 line (DEFAULT)
01 = 2 line
10 = 3 line
11 = 4 line
C_THRESH[2:0]
Bits [5:3]–36
Controls the sensitivity or limit of turning on the alternate flicker filter for chroma in
adaptive mode. (DEFAULT = 000)
100381B
Conexant
2-9
CX25870/871
2.0 Internal Registers
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
2.4 Reading Registers
Table 2-5. Programming Detail For All Read/Write Registers (2 of 16)
Bit/Register
Names
Bit Location
Bit/Register Definition
CATTENUATE[2:0]
Bits [2:0]–CC
Chroma Attenuation. Used for saturation control.
000 = 1.0 gain No Attenuation (DEFAULT)
001 = 15/16 gain
010 = 7/8 gain
011 = 3/4 gain
100 = 1/2 gain
101 = 1/4 gain
110 = 1/8 gain
111 = 0 gain (Force Chroma to 0)
CC_ADD[11:0]
Bits [3:0]–D4 and
bits [7:0]–D2
Closed-captioning DTO increment.
CCF1B1[7:0]
Bits [7:0]–C0
This is the first byte of closed-caption information for the odd field, line 21 for NTSC or
line 22 for PAL. Data is encoded LSB first.
CCF1B2[7:0]
Bits [7:0]–C2
This is the second byte of closed-caption information for the odd field, line 21 for NTSC
or line 22 for PAL. Data is encoded LSB first.
CCF2B1[7:0]
Bits [7:0]–BC
This is the first byte of closed-caption information for the even field, line 284 for NTSC or
line 335 for PAL. Data is encoded LSB first.
CCF2B2[7:0]
Bits [7:0]–BE
This is the second byte of closed-caption information for the even field, line 284 for
NTSC or line 335 for PAL. Data is encoded LSB first.
CCORING[2:0]
Bits [5:3]–CC
Chroma Coring. Values below the CCORING[2:0] limit are automatically clamped to a
saturation value of 0.
000 = Bypass (DEFAULT)
001 = 1/128 of range (± 1/256 of range)
010 = 1/64 of range (± 1/128 of range)
011 = 1/32 of range (± 1/64 of range)
100 = 1/16 of range (± 1/32 of range)
101 = 1/8 of range (± 1/16 of range)
110 = 1/4 of range (± 1/8 of range)
111 = Reserved
CCR_START[9]
CCR_START[8]
CCR_START[7:0]
Bit 7 of D6, bit 4
of D4, and bits
[7:0] of D0
Closed-captioning clock run-in start in clock cycles from leading edge of HSYNC*.
CCSEL[3:0]
Bits [3:0]–5E
Line position of Closed Captioning (CC) Content.
Controls which line Closed Captioning (CC) data is encoded. Each line enable is
independent.
0001 = Closed Captioning (CC) on line 19 (525-line) and line 21 (625-line)
0010 = Closed Captioning (CC) on line 20 (525-line) and line 22 (625-line)
0100 = Closed Captioning (CC) on line 21 (525-line) and line 23 (625-line) (DEFAULT)
1000 = Closed Captioning (CC) on line 22 (525-line) and line 24 (625-line)
CHECK_STAT
Bit 6–BA
Writing a 1 to this bit checks the status of the monitor connections at the DAC output.
This is also automatically performed on any reset condition, including a software reset.
This bit must be cleared by the serial interface master.
CHROMA_BW
Bit7–D8
0 = Normal chroma bandwidth. See Figure 1-28 (DEFAULT).
1 = Wide chroma bandwidth. See Figure 1-29.
2-10
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
2.0 Internal Registers
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
2.4 Reading Registers
Table 2-5. Programming Detail For All Read/Write Registers (3 of 16)
Bit/Register
Names
CLPF[1:0]
100381B
Bit Location
Bits [7:6]–96
Bit/Register Definition
Chroma Post-Flicker Filter/Scaler Horizontal Low Pass Filter:
00 = Bypass (DEFAULT)
01 = Reserved
10 = Chroma Horizontal LPF2 setting
11 = Chroma Horizontal LPF3 setting
Conexant
2-11
CX25870/871
2.0 Internal Registers
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
2.4 Reading Registers
Table 2-5. Programming Detail For All Read/Write Registers (4 of 16)
Bit/Register
Names
CONFIG[5:0]
Bit Location
Bits [6:4] and bits
[2:0]–B8
Bit/Register Definition
The combination of CONFIG[5:3] and CONFIG[2:0] determines the autoconfiguration
mode entered by the CX25870/871 immediately after register 0xB8 is written. Check
Appendix C for a list of all register values by autoconfiguration mode.
CONFIG
[5:0]
000000
000001
000010
000011
000100
000101
000110
000111
001000
001001
001010
001011
001100
001101
001110
001111
010000
010001
010010
010011
010100
010101
010110
010111
011000
Input
Format
Active
Resolution
= RGB
640x480
= RGB
640x480
= RGB
800x600
= RGB
800x600
= YCrCb 640x480
= YCrCb 640x480
= YCrCb 800x600
= YCrCb 800x600
= RGB
640x400
= RGB
640x400
= RGB
1024x768
= RGB
1024x768
= RGB
320x240
= RGB
320x240
= YCrCb 1024x768
= YCrCb 1024x768
= Reserved
= RGB
640x480
= RGB
800x600
= RGB
800x600
= Reserved
= YCrCb 640x480
= YCrCb 800x600
= YCrCb 800x600
= RGB
720x400
Output
NTSC
PAL-BDGHI
NTSC
PAL-BDGHI
NTSC
PAL-BDGHI
NTSC
PAL-BDGHI
NTSC
PAL-BDGHI
NTSC
PAL-BDGHI
NTSC
PAL-BDGHI
NTSC
PAL-BDGHI
Output Ratio
Mode
Overscan = Lower
Overscan = Standard
Overscan = Alternate
Overscan = Lower
Overscan = Lower
Overscan = Standard
Overscan = Alternate
Overscan = Lower
Overscan = Standard
Overscan = Standard
Overscan = Standard
Overscan = Standard
Pix Double Set = Standard
Pix Double Set = Standard
Overscan = Higher
Overscan = Higher
Mode 0
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Mode 7
Mode 8
Mode 9
Mode 10
Mode 11
Mode 12
Mode 13
Mode 14
Mode 15
Mode 16
Mode 17
Mode 18
Mode 19
Mode 20
Mode 21
Mode 22
Mode 23
Mode 24
PAL-BDGHI Overscan = Lower
NTSC
Overscan = Lower
PAL-BDGHI Overscan = Standard
Overscan = Lower
Overscan = Lower
Overscan = Standard
9-dot font for DOS
Overscan =Standard
011001 = RGB
720x400 PAL-BDGHI 9-dot font for DOS
Overscan =Standard
011010 = RGB
1024x768 NTSC
Overscan = Lower
011011 = Reserved
011100 = YCrCb 720x480 NTSC
Interlaced Input, Slave
Interface Overscan = 0%
DIV2 set
2-12
Conexant
PAL-BDGHI
NTSC
PAL-BDGHI
NTSC
Mode 25
Mode 26
Mode 27
Mode 28
100381B
CX25870/871
2.0 Internal Registers
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
2.4 Reading Registers
Table 2-5. Programming Detail For All Read/Write Registers (5 of 16)
Bit/Register
Names
Bit Location
Bit/Register Definition
011101 =YCrCb
011110
011111
100000
100001
100010
100011
100100
100101
100110
100111
101000
101001
101010
101011
101100
101101
101110
101111
720x576
PAL-BDGHI Interlaced Input, Slave
Interface Overscan = 0%
DIV2 set
= YCrCb 1024x768 NTSC
Overscan = Lower
= Reserved
= RGB
640x480 NTSC
Overscan = Higher
= RGB
640x480 PAL-BDGHI Overscan = Higher
= RGB
800x600 NTSC
Overscan = Higher
= RGB
800x600 PAL-BDGHI Overscan = Higher
= YCrCb 640x480 NTSC
Overscan = Higher
= YCrCb 640x480 PAL-BDGHI Overscan = Higher
= YCrCb 800x600 NTSC
Overscan = Higher
= YCrCb 800x600 PAL-BDGHI Overscan = Higher
= RGB
800x600 NTSC
Overscan = Standard
= RGB
320x200 PAL-BDGHI Pix Double Set Overscan =
Standard
= RGB
1024x768 NTSC
Overscan = Higher
= RGB
1024x768 PAL-BDGHI Overscan = Higher
= RGB
720x480 NTSC
Noninterlaced Input for
DVD Overscan = Very Low
= RGB
320x200 NTSC
Pix Double Set Overscan =
Standard
= RGB
640x480 PAL-M
Overscan = Standard
(Brazil)
= RGB
640x480 PAL-Nc
Overscan = Standard
(Argentina)
Mode 29
Mode 30
Mode 31
Mode 32
Mode 33
Mode 34
Mode 35
Mode 36
Mode 37
Mode 38
Mode 39
Mode 40
Mode 41
Mode 42
Mode 43
Mode 44
Mode 45
Mode 46
Mode 47
CSC_SEL
Bit 0–32
This bit is only effective when OUT_MODE[1:0] = 11, HDTV_EN = 1, and RASTER_SEL is
nonzero.
0 = Standard color space conversion for RGB to Y (R-Y) (B-Y) based on
Y =0 .299R +0 .587G +0 .114 B (DEFAULT)
1 = HDTV color space conversion for RGB to Y (R-Y) (B-Y) based on
Y = 0.2126R + 0.7152G + 0.0722B
CVBSD_INV
Bit 2–D8
0 = Normal operation. (DEFAULT)
1 = Invert CVBS_DLY output.
DACDISA
Bit 0–BA
No more than 1 DAC should be disabled at any time.
0 = Normal operation. (DEFAULT)
1 = Disables DACA output. Current is set to 0 mA; output will go to 0 V.
DACDISB
Bit 1–BA
No more than 1 DAC should be disabled at any time.
0 = Normal operation. (DEFAULT)
1 = Disables DACB output. Current is set to 0 mA; output will go to 0 V.
100381B
Conexant
2-13
CX25870/871
2.0 Internal Registers
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
2.4 Reading Registers
Table 2-5. Programming Detail For All Read/Write Registers (6 of 16)
Bit/Register
Names
Bit Location
Bit/Register Definition
DACDISC
Bit 2–BA
No more than 1 DAC should be disabled at any time.
0 = Normal operation. (DEFAULT)
1 = Disables DACC output. Current is set to 0 mA; output will go to 0 V.
DACDISD
Bit 3–BA
No more than 1 DAC should be disabled at any time.
0 = Normal Operation. (DEFAULT)
1 = Disables DACD output. Current is set to 0 mA; output will go to 0 V.
DACOFF
Bit 4–BA
0 = Normal operation. (DEFAULT)
1 = Disables DAC output current and internal voltage reference for all DACs. This will
limit power consumption to just the internal digital circuitry.
DATDLY
Bit 7–74
0 = No delay in falling edge pixel data. (DEFAULT)
1 = Delays the falling edge pixel data by 1 full clock period. This bit is used to correct a
multiplexed input data sequence that delivers a pixel on a falling edge and the following
rising edge (rather than a rising edge and the following falling edge, as expected).
DATDLY_RE
Bit 2–32
0 = No delay in rising edge pixel data. (DEFAULT)
1 = Delays the rising edge pixel data by 1 full clock period. This bit is used together with
DATSWP to correct a multiplexed input data sequence that delivers a pixel on a falling
edge and the following rising edge with the falling edge and rising edge data swapped.
DATSWP
Bit 6–74
0 = VGA Encoder expects an order of rising edge data/falling edge data coming from the
graphics controller (DEFAULT).
1 = Swaps the falling edge pixel data with the rising edge pixel data at the input of the
pixel port.
DB_LIMITN[10:8}
DB_LIMITN[7:0]
Bits [5:3]–54 and
bits [7:0]–52
Lower bound limit for DB frequency deviation in SECAM. Review SECAM Output Section.
DB_LIMITP[10:8}
DB_LIMITP[7:0]
Bits [2:0]–54 and
bits [7:0]–50
Upper bound limit for DB frequency deviation in SECAM. Review SECAM Output Section.
DCHROMA
Bit 1–C4
0 = Normal operation. (DEFAULT)
1 = Disable the chrominance portion of video output. Composite and S-Video outputs
appear as gray scale.
DIS_CLKI
Bit 3–30
0 = Normal operation. (DEFAULT)
1 = Disable CLKI input.
Disabling the CLKI input is separate from the sleep bit and SLEEP pin. This forces the
CX25870/871 to use an external clock as the clock source for the CX25870/871 or as the
PLL input.
DIS_CLKO
Bit 1–30
0 = Enable CLKO output. (DEFAULT)
1 = Three-state CLKO output.
This will disable the CLKO output when not needed, i.e., an external clock is used (Slave
Interface). Disabling CLKO is also effective in reducing the current draw in SLEEP mode.
DIS_FFILT
Bit 6–C8
0 = Enables Standard Flicker Filter. (DEFAULT)
1 = Disables Standard Flicker Filter.
DIS_GMSHC
Bit 6–CC
0 = Enables Chroma Pseudo Gamma Removal.
1 = Disables Chroma Pseudo Gamma Removal. (DEFAULT)
DIS_GMSHY
Bit 6–CA
0 = Enables Luma Pseudo Gamma Removal.
1 = Disables Luma Pseudo Gamma Removal. (DEFAULT)
DIS_GMUSHC
Bit 7–CC
0 = Enables Chroma Anti-Pseudo Gamma Removal.
1 = Disables Chroma Anti-Pseudo Gamma Removal. (DEFAULT)
2-14
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
2.0 Internal Registers
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
2.4 Reading Registers
Table 2-5. Programming Detail For All Read/Write Registers (7 of 16)
Bit/Register
Names
Bit Location
Bit/Register Definition
DIS_GMUSHY
Bit 7–CA
0 = Enables Luma Anti-Pseudo Gamma Removal.
1 = Disables Luma Anti-Pseudo Gamma Removal. (DEFAULT)
DIS_PLL
Bit 2–30
0 = PLL enable. (DEFAULT)
1 = PLL disable.
In nonsleep mode, if an external clock is being used and the PLL is not needed, this bit
will disable the PLL function.
NOTE(S): Some of the special modes are not available when the PLL is disabled.
DIS_SCRST
Bit 4–A2
0 = Normal operation. The subcarrier phase is reset to 0 at the beginning of each color
field sequence. (DEFAULT)
1 = Disables subcarrier reset event at beginning of field sequence.
DIS_YLPF
Bit 7–C8
0 = Enable Luma Initial Horizontal Low Pass filter. (DEFAULT)
1 = Disable Luma Initial Horizontal Low Pass filter.
DIV2
Bit 6–D4 and
bit 4–38
0 = Normal operation. (DEFAULT)
1 = Divides input pixel rate by two (for CCIR601 interlaced timing input). Useful for DVD
playback resolutions. The DIV2 bit in register D4 was kept for Bt868/869 compatibility
purposes. The DIV2 bit in register 38 is autoconfigurable. These bit values always mirror
each other. Changing the state of one DIV2 register field automatically updates the other
DIV2 register field.
DIV2_LATCH
Bit 0–3A
This bit only has an effect when DIV2 = 1.
0 = Data is clocked at rising edge of CLKI while encoder is in DIV2 mode. (DEFAULT)
1 = Data is clocked at rising and falling edges of CLKI.
DR_LIMITN[10:8}
DR_LIMITN[7:0]
Bits [5:3]–4E and
bits [7:0]–4C
Lower bound limit for DR frequency deviation in SECAM. Review SECAM Output
Section.
DR_LIMITP[10:8}
DR_LIMITP[7:0]
Bits [2:0]–4E and
bits [7:0]–4A
Upper bound limit for DR frequency deviation in SECAM. Review SECAM Output Section.
DRVS[1:0]
Bits [6:5]–32
Controls the low voltage pad drive strength. Review Low Voltage Graphics Interface
section.
00 = 3.3 V peak-to-peak signal levels (DEFAULT)
01 = 1.8 V peak-to-peak signal levels
10 = 1.5 V and 1.3 V peak-to-peak signal levels
11 = 1.1 V peak-to-peak signal levels
E656
Bit 6–D6
0 = Input pixel format defined by IN_MODE[3:0] register. (DEFAULT)
1 = CCIR 656 input on P[7:0] port.
EACTIVE
Bit 2–6C
0 = Black burst.
1 = Enable normal video. (DEFAULT)
EBLUE
Bit 4–D6
0 = Normal operation. (DEFAULT)
1 = Generate blue field.
ECBAR
Bit 2–C4
0 = Normal operation. (DEFAULT)
1 = Enable standard color bars.
ECCF1(ECC)
Bit 4–C4
0 = Disables closed-caption encoding on field 1. (DEFAULT)
1 = Enables closed-caption encoding on field 1.
ECCF2(EXDS)
Bit 5–C4
0 = Disables closed-caption encoding on field 2. (DEFAULT)
1 = Enables closed-caption encoding on field 2.
100381B
Conexant
2-15
CX25870/871
2.0 Internal Registers
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
2.4 Reading Registers
Table 2-5. Programming Detail For All Read/Write Registers (8 of 16)
Bit/Register
Names
Bit Location
Bit/Register Definition
ECCGATE
Bit 3–C4
0 = Normal closed-caption encoding. (DEFAULT)
1 = Enables closed-caption encoding constraints. After encoding, future encoding is
disabled until a complete pair of new data bytes is received. This prevents encoding of
redundant or incomplete data.
ECLIP
Bit 6–A2
0 = Normal operation. (DEFAULT)
1 = Enable clipping; DAC values less than 31 hex are made 31 by the encoder.
EN_ASYNC
Bit 5–D4
0 = Normal operation. (DEFAULT)
1 = Enable asynchronous flicker filer and encoder block timing operation. Use CLKI for
flicker filter and input blocks and PLL for encoder block. Allows for additional clock
ratios between flicker filter and encoder blocks to provide more overscan solutions
similar to the 3:2 clocking mode.
EN_BLANKO
Bit 7–C6
Interface bit: Works in conjunction with EN_DOT, EN_OUT, and SLAVER. Controls
direction of BLANK* signal.
0 = Enables BLANK* as an input.
1 = Enables BLANK* pin as an output, or no BLANK* signal is utilized in the system
interface. (DEFAULT)
EN_DOT
Bit 6–C6
Interface bit: Works in conjunction with EN_BLANKO, EN_OUT, and SLAVER. Controls
blanking method.
0 = Encoder uses its internal counters to determine the active-versus-blanked regions of
input data. (DEFAULT)
1 = Encoder uses the BLANK* signal being received to determine where active video
starts (rising edge by default) and where blanking region starts (falling edge by default).
EN_OUT
Bit 0–C4
Interface bit: Works in conjunction with EN_BLANKO, EN_DOT, and SLAVER. Turns
timing outputs on or off.
0 = Three-state (CLKO, HSYNC*, VSYNC*, BLANK* and FIELD) timing outputs.
(DEFAULT)
1 = Allows CLKO and other outputs to be enabled (depending upon EN_BLANKO register
bit and the OR combination of the SLAVE pin and the SLAVER bit).
EN_REG_RD
Bit 6–6C
0 = Use ESTATUS[1:0] register to select read back status registers. Enable Bt869-like
Legacy read-back method. (DEFAULT)
1 = Enable Standard serial register read back of all registers.
EN_SCART
Bit 3–6C
Enables SCART video output for Europe. OUT_MODE[1:0] field must be set to 11 (VGA
Mode) and HDTV_EN bit must be set to 0.
0 = Enables VGA mode. DACs will output analog RGB with standard bilevel (-40 IRE)
analog syncs (DEFAULT).
1 = Enables SCART output mode. DAC will transmit SCART compatible RGB outputs and
a composite video output which includes an analog sync.
EN_XCLK
Bit 7–A0
0 = Encoder generates pixel clock. (DEFAULT)
1 = Use CLKI pin as pixel clock source. This bit must be set for slave interface.
ESTATUS[1:0]
Bits [7:6]–C4
Bt868/869 Legacy serial read back status bit selection. Used in conjunction with
EN_REG_RD, CHECK_STAT, and AUTO_CHK. Review Table 1-30.
EWSSF1
Bit 6–60
0 = Disable field 1 WSS data. (DEFAULT)
1 = Enable field 1 WSS data.
EWSSF2
Bit 7–60
0 = Disable field 2 WSS data. (DEFAULT)
1 = Enable field 2 WSS data (525 line only).
2-16
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
2.0 Internal Registers
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
2.4 Reading Registers
Table 2-5. Programming Detail For All Read/Write Registers (9 of 16)
Bit/Register
Names
Bit Location
Bit/Register Definition
F_SELC[2:0]
Bits [5:3]–C8
Chroma Standard Flicker Filter:
000 = 5 Line (DEFAULT)
001 = 2 Line
010 = 3 Line
011 = 4 Line
100 = Alternate 5 Line
101 = Alternate 5 Line
110 = Alternate 5 Line
111 = Alternate 5 Line
F_SELY[2:0]
Bits [2:0]–C8
Luma Standard Flicker Filter:
000 = 5 Line (DEFAULT)
001 = 2 Line
010 = 3 Line
011 = 4 Line
100 = Alternate 5 Line
101 = Alternate 5 Line
110 = Alternate 5 Line
111 = Alternate 5 Line
FFCBAR
Bit 5–6C
0 = Normal operation. (DEFAULT)
1 = Enable flicker filtered color bars.
FFRTN
Bit 7–36
Alternate flicker filter detect and select. This bit is effective only when ADPT_FF = 1.
0 = Once the adaptive algorithm selects the alternate filter, use that filter’s coefficients for
the rest of the samples for that line. For example, the sequence could be
STD/STD/ALT/ALT/ALT; (DEFAULT)
1 = Once the adaptive algorithm selects the alternate filter, use the filter’s coefficients for
that sample only. For example, the sequence with FFRTN=1 could be
STD/STD/ALT/STD/STD.
FIELD_ID
Bit 3–D8
0 = Suppress the SECAM field synchronization signal. (DEFAULT)
1 = Enable the SECAM field synchronization signal (bottle-neck pulses).
FIELDI
Bit 5–C6
0 = Logical 1 from the FIELD pin indicates an even field. (DEFAULT)
1 = Logical 1 from the FIELD pin indicates an odd field.
FILFSCONV[5:0]
Bits [5:0]–58
Adjust SECAM high frequency preemphasis filter according to the clock frequency.
Review the SECAM Output section for the correct equations.
FIL4286INCR[7:0]
Bits [7:0]–56
Adds a phase offset to the UV digital components.
Review the SECAM Output section for the correct equations.
FLD_MODE[1:0]
Bits [1:0]–6C
CX25870/871 uses this bit to interpret HSYNC* and VSYNC* edges and field detection in
slave mode.
00 = A leading edge of VSYNC* that occurs within ±1/4 of HCLKI from the leading edge
of HSYNC* indicates the beginning of odd field. A leading edge of VSYNC* that occurs
within ±1/4 of HCLKI from the center of the line indicates the beginning of even field.
01 = A leading edge of VSYNC* occurs during HSYNC* active indicates the beginning of
odd field. A leading edge of VSYNC* occurs during HSYNC* inactive indicates the
beginning of even field.
10 = A leading edge of VSYNC* coincides with the leading edge of HSYNC* indicates the
beginning of odd field. A leading edge of VSYNC* does not coincide with the leading
edge of HSYNC* indicated the beginning of even field. (DEFAULT)
11 = Reserved.
100381B
Conexant
2-17
CX25870/871
2.0 Internal Registers
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
2.4 Reading Registers
Table 2-5. Programming Detail For All Read/Write Registers (10 of 16)
Bit/Register
Names
Bit Location
Bit/Register Definition
FM
Bit 7–A2
This bit must be enabled for a valid SECAM video output.
0 = QAM color encoding (NTSC/PAL). (DEFAULT)
1 = FM color encoding (SECAM).
GY_SYNC_DIS
Bit 4–2E
This bit is only effective when OUT_MODE[1:0] = 11, HDTV_EN = 1, and RASTER_SEL is
nonzero.
0 = Enables trilevel sync on HDTV Green or Y output. (DEFAULT)
1 = Disables trilevel sync on HDTV Green or Y output.
H_ACTIVE[10:8]
H_ACTIVE[7:0]
Bits [6:4]–86 and
bits [7:0]–78
Number of active input and output pixels.
H_BLANKI[9]
H_BLANKI[8]
H_BLANKI[7:0]
Bit 0–38, bit
3–8E, and
bits[7:0]–8C
Number of CLKI clock cycles between the digital HSYNC* leading edge and first active
pixel.
H_BLANKO[9:8]
H_BLANKO[7:0]
Bits [7:6]–9A and
bits [7:0]–80
Number of CLKO clock cycles between leading edge of analog horizontal sync and active
video.
H_CLKI[10:8]
H_CLKI[7:0]
Bits [2:0]–8E and
bits [7:0]–8A
Number of CLKI clock cycles between consecutive leading edges of the digital HSYNC*
signal.
H_CLKO[11:8]
H_CLKO[7:0]
Bits [3:0]–86 and
bits [7:0]–76
Number of CLKO clock cycles per analog line.
H_FRACT[7:0]
Bits [7:0]–88
Fractional number of input clocks per line. No effect if 00.
HALF_CLKO
Bit 3–3A
0 = Normal operation. (DEFAULT)
1 = CLKO (clock output) frequency divided by 2 while being transmitted.
HBURST_BEGIN[8]
HBURST_BEGIN
[7:0]
Bit2–38 and bits
[7:0]–7C
This register contains the number of CLKO clock cycles between the analog horizontal
sync falling edge and the 50% point of the first colorburst cycle.
HBURST_END[8]
HBURST_END[7:0]
Bit 3–38 and bits
[7:0]–7E
This register contains the number of CLKO clock cycles minus 128 between the analog
horizontal sync falling edge and the 50% point of the last colorburst cycle. Make sure to
subtract 128 CLKO clock cycles from the calculated 50% point of the last colorburst
cycle value and load into this register.
HD_SYNC_EDGE
Bit 2–2E
This bit is only effective when OUT_MODE[1:0] = 11, HDTV_EN = 1 and RASTER_SEL is
nonzero.
0 = Trilevel sync edges transition time is equal to 4 input clocks. (DEFAULT)
1 = Trilevel sync edges transition time is equal to 2 input clocks.
HDTV_EN
Bit 7–28
Enable HDTV output mode, OUT_MODE[1:0] register bits must be set to 11 (VGA mode)
and EN_SCART must = 0.
0 = Enables VGA mode. DACs will output analog RGB with standard bilevel (-40 IRE)
analog syncs. (DEFAULT) See Section 1.3.45 for details.
1 = Enables HDTV output mode. DACs will output HDTV compatible RGB or component
video (Y/ PR/ PB) outputs. Trilevel syncs and vertical synchronizing/broad pulses will be
inserted automatically if RASTER_SEL[1:0] = nonzero.
NOTE(S): The EN_SCART bit must be 0 for HDTV Output Mode to be functional.
HSYNC_WIDTH
[7:0]
2-18
Bits [7:0]–7A
Analog horizontal sync width in number of CLKO clock cycles.
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
2.0 Internal Registers
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
2.4 Reading Registers
Table 2-5. Programming Detail For All Read/Write Registers (11 of 16)
Bit/Register
Names
Bit Location
Bit/Register Definition
HSYNCI
Bit 3–C6
0 = Configures the encoder to send/receive an active low HSYNC* digital signal
(DEFAULT)
1 = Configures the encoder to send/receive an active high HSYNC* digital signal.
HSYNOFFSET[9:8]
HSYNOFFSET[7:0]
Bits [7:6]–70 and
bits [7:0]–6E
A 2s-complement number. The values range from –512 pixels to +511 pixels. This
register manipulates the falling edge position of the digital HSYNC* output from the
CX25870/871. The default value is 0 and denotes the standard position of the HSYNC*
leading edge. This register is only effective in master interface.
HSYNWIDTH[5:0]
Bits [5:0]–70
Controls the duration/width of the digital HSYNC output pulse. Value will be hexadecimal
and its units are in terms of pixels. A value of 0 is a disallowed condition. The acceptable
range is 0x02 pixels to 0x3F pixels (=63 decimal). The default value is 0x02. Never set to
0. This register is only effective in master interface.
HUE_ADJ[7:0]
Bits [7:0]–5C
Adjust the color subcarrier phase during the video active region. Increasing this value by
1 unit has the effect of increasing the phase by (360/256) = 1.406 degrees.
IN_MODE[3] and
IN_MODE[2:0]
Bit 3–32 and bits
[2:0]–C6
This bit is used in conjunction with IN_MODE[2:0] to configure the encoder to receive a
desired input pixel format. Format of input pixels when IN_MODE[3] = 0 (MSb of this
4-bit sequence):
0000 = 24-bit RGB multiplexed
0001 = 16-bit RGB multiplexed
0010 = 15-bit RGB multiplexed
0011 = 24-bit RGB nonmultiplexed
0100 = 24-bit YCrCb multiplexed
0101 = 16-bit YCrCb multiplexed
0110 = Alternate 16-bit YCrCb multiplexed
0111 = 24-bit YCrCb nonmultiplexed
Format of input pixels when IN_MODE[3] = 1(MSb of this 4-bit sequence):
1000 = Alternate 24-bit RGB multiplexed
1001 = Reserved
1010 = Alternate 16-bit RGB nonmultiplexed
1011 = Alternate 24-bit RGB nonmultiplexed
1100 = Alternate 24-bit YCrCb multiplexed
1101 = Reserved
1110 = Alternate 16-bit YCrCb nonmultiplexed
1111 = Alternate 24-bit YCrCb nonmultiplexed
LUMADLY[1:0]
Bits [1:0]–D6
Used to program the luminance delay in pixels for the CVBS_DLY and Y_DLY output
modes.
00 = No delay (DEFAULT)
01 = 1 pixel
10 = 2 pixels
11 = 3 pixels
MCB[7:0]
Bits [7:0]–AA
Multiplication factor for Cb (or B-Y) component prior to subcarrier modulation.
MCOMPU[7:0]
Bits [7:0]–3E
Multiplication factor for component video U output.
Value 0x80 (DEFAULT) represents 1.0 scale factor.
MCOMPV[7:0]
Bits [7:0]–40
Multiplication factor for component video V output.
Value 0x80 (DEFAULT) represents 1.0 scale factor.
MCOMPY[7:0]
Bits [7:0]–3C
Multiplication factor for component video Y output.
Value 0x80 (DEFAULT) represents 1.0. scale factor.
MCR[7:0]
Bits [7:0]–A8
Multiplication factor for Cr (or R-Y) component prior to subcarrier modulation.
100381B
Conexant
2-19
CX25870/871
2.0 Internal Registers
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
2.4 Reading Registers
Table 2-5. Programming Detail For All Read/Write Registers (12 of 16)
Bit/Register
Names
Bit Location
Bit/Register Definition
MODE2X
Bit 7–D4
0 = Normal operation (DEFAULT).
1 = Divides selected input clock by two (allows for single edge rather than double-edge
clock input for pixel latching).
MSC[31:0]
Bits [7:0]–B4, B2,
B0, AE
Subcarrier increment.
MSC_DB[31:0]
Bits [7:0]–48,
-46, -44, -42
Subcarrier increment for Db component of SECAM.
MSC_DB = int ((272/H_CLKO) * 232 + 0.5)
MY[7:0]
Bits [7:0]–AC
Multiplication factor for Luma component. Controls adjustment of contrast.
NI_OUT
Bit 0–A2
0 = Interlaced analog video output. (DEFAULT)
1 = Noninterlaced analog video output.
OFFSET_RGB
Bit 1–32
This bit is only effective when OUT_MODE[1:0] = 11, HDTV_EN = 1, and RASTER_SEL is
nonzero.
0 = Standard RGB digital input. Range is 0 – 255 decimal. (DEFAULT)
1 = HDTV OFFSET RGB digital input. Range is 16 – 235 decimal.
OUT_MODE[1:0]
Bits [3:2]–D6
00 = Video[0] = Composite (CVBS), Video[1] = Luminance (Y), Video[2] = Chrominance
(C), Video[3] = Luma_Delay (Y_DLY) (DEFAULT)
01 = Video[0-3] is CVBS_DLY/ Y/ C/ Y_DLY
10 = Video[0-3] is V/ Y/ U/ Y_DLY
11 = Video[0-3] is VGA (RGB/x), SCART, or HDTV output mode. See EN_SCART and
HDTV_EN bit descriptions for more programming detail.
OUT_MUXA[1:0]
Bits [1:0]–CE
00 = Output Video[0] on DACA (DEFAULT = Composite (CVBS))
01 = Output Video[1] on DACA
10 = Output Video[2] on DACA
11 = Output Video[3] on DACA
OUT_MUXB[1:0]
Bits [3:2]–CE
00 = Output Video[0] on DACB
01 = Output Video[1] on DACB (DEFAULT = Luminance (Y)
10 = Output Video[2] on DACB
11 = Output Video[3] on DACB
OUT_MUXC[1:0]
Bits [5:4]–CE
00 = Output Video[0] on DACC
01 = Output Video[1] on DACC
10 = Output Video[2] on DACC (DEFAULT = Chrominance)
11 = Output Video[3] on DACC
OUT_MUXD[1:0]
Bits [7:6]–CE
00 = Output Video[0] on DACD
01 = Output Video[1] on DACD
10 = Output Video[2] on DACD
11 = Output Video[3] on DACD (DEFAULT = Luma Delay (Y_DLY))
PAL_MD
Bit 5–A2
Video output switch bit after power-up.
0 = Disable phase alternation (NTSC and SECAM). (DEFAULT)
1 = Enable phase alternation (PAL).
NOTE(S): The PAL pin (#50) determines the power-up standard definition video output.
This bit overrides the PAL pin after power-up.
PHASE_OFF[7:0]
2-20
Bits [7:0]–B6
Subcarrier phase offset. Default value is 00. SCH Phase increased by 1.406 degrees per
bit increment.
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
2.0 Internal Registers
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
2.4 Reading Registers
Table 2-5. Programming Detail For All Read/Write Registers (13 of 16)
Bit/Register
Names
Bit Location
Bit/Register Definition
PIX_DOUBLE
Bit 6–38
Low resolution pixel doubling bit.
0 = Encoder accepts each pixel input individually and processes it. (DEFAULT)
1 = Encoder replicates/copies each input pixel received. This bit is automatically set for
autoconfiguration modes #12, #13, and #41.
PKFIL_SEL[1:0]
Bits [5:4]–D8
Text sharpening filter. Also referred to as the luma peaking filter selection (Refer to
Section 1.3.36 and Figure 1-27 for details).
00 = Bypass (DEFAULT)
01 = Filter 1 (1 dB gain)
10 = Filter 2 (2 dB gain)
11 = Filter 3 (3.5 dB gain)
PLL_32CLK
Bit 5–38
Use this bit primarily to support the 1024 x 768 resolution and additional 800 x 600
overscan options. For more details, review the 3:2 Clocking Mode section.
0 = Use PLL 3x pixel clock output. (DEFAULT)
1 = Use PLL generated 2x pixel clock to run the encoder and output timing section. Use
PLL generated 3x pixel clock to run the flicker filter.
NOTE(S): The 3x pixel clock will be output from the CLKO pin during either state of this
bit.
PLL_DIV10
Bit 2–3A
PLL_FRACT[15:0]
Bits [7:0]–9E, -9C Fractional portion of PLL multiplier.
PLL_INPUT
Bit 1–3A
0 = PLL uses the crystal between XTALIN and XTALOUT pins to generate the CLKO
programmed frequency. (DEFAULT)
1 = PLL uses CLKI/2 as the reference for the PLL.
PLL_INT[5:0]
Bits [5:0]–A0
Integer portion of PLL multiplier.
PLL_KEEP_ALIVE
Bit 4–30
0 = Normal operation. (DEFAULT)
1 = Keeps PLL enabled during the sleep mode. This bit is overwritten by DIS_PLL.
If the PLL is used to provide a system clock, this bit keeps it functioning if the rest of the
chip is slept through either the sleep pin or sleep bit. This bit has no affect if DIS_PLL is
set.
PROG_SC
Bit 0–D8
SECAM subcarrier control bit. PROG_SC only has an effect when FM bit is set.
0 = SECAM subcarrier is generated on lines 23–310 and 336–623. (DEFAULT)
1 = SECAM subcarrier is generated on the active lines defined by V_BLANKO[7:0] and
V_ACTIVEO[8:0].
RASTER_SEL[1:0]
Bits [1:0]–28
This bit is only effective when HDTV_EN = 1, and OUT_MODE[1:0] = 11
00 = Device does not generate trilevel sync automatically in HDTV output mode. Trilevel
sync periods dictated by active HSYNC* input signal (as HIGHSYNC) and active VSYNC*
input signal (as LOWSYNC). (DEFAULT)
01 = Trilevel sync generation for 480P format.
10 = Trilevel sync generation for 720P format.
11 = Trilevel sync generation for 1080I format.
REGFSCONV[5:0]
Bits [5:0]–58
Works in conjunction with FIL_4286INCR[7:0] to set gain on UV digital component.
Review the SECAM output section for the correct equations.
Reserved
Various
Reserved for future software compatibility; should be set to 0 for normal operation.
100381B
Scales the CLKO frequency. (See Section 1.3.6 for details)
0 = PLL equation divided by 6. (DEFAULT)
1 = PLL equation divided by 10.
Conexant
2-21
CX25870/871
2.0 Internal Registers
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
2.4 Reading Registers
Table 2-5. Programming Detail For All Read/Write Registers (14 of 16)
Bit/Register
Names
Bit Location
Bit/Register Definition
RGB2YPRPB
Bit 6–28
HDTV output switching bit. This bit is only effective when HDTV_EN = 1,
OUT_MODE[1:0] = 11, RASTER_SEL[1:0] = nonzero, and IN_MODE[3:0] = a RGB input
format.
0 = Digital RGB Input to HDTV RGB output. (DEFAULT)
1 = Digital RGB Input to HDTV YPRPB output.
RPR_SYNC_DIS
Bit 5–28
This bit is only effective when OUT_MODE[1:0] = 11, HDTV_EN = 1, and RASTER_SEL is
nonzero.
0 = Enables trilevel sync on HDTV Red or PR output. (DEFAULT)
1 = Disables trilevel sync on HDTV Red or PR output. This bit will have to be set manually
for EIA-770.3 compliance.
SC_PATTERN
Bit 1–D8
SECAM phase sequence. SC_PATTERN only has an effect when FM bit is set.
0 = 0° 0° 180° 0° 0° 180° SECAM subcarrier phase sequence. (DEFAULT)
1 = 0° 0° 0° 180° 180° 180° SECAM subcarrier phase sequence.
SERIALTEST[7:0]
Bits [7:0]–28
Use this register for testing the write and read ability of the serial master. A consecutive
write and read sequence will return the original value. The default value is 0x00.
SETUP
Bit 1–A2
0 = Setup off. The 7.5 IRE pedestal setup is disabled for active video lines (NTSC-J, PAL,
and SECAM).
1 = Setup on. The 7.5 IRE pedestal setup is enabled for active video lines (NTSC-M).
(DEFAULT)
SETUP_HOLD_ADJ
Bit 4–32
0 = Graphic port inputs must have minimum setup = 3 ns, hold = 0 ns (DEFAULT). This
setting is compatible with Bt868/869.
1 = Graphics port inputs must have minimum setup = 1.25 ns, hold = 1.5 ns. This is a
new option for interfacing the CX25870/871 to other data master devices.
SLAVER
Bit 5–BA
Interface bit: Works in conjunction with EN_BLANKO, EN_DOT, and EN_OUT Controls
whether the interface will be timing Master or timing Slave.
0 = Configures encoder as the timing master. HSYNC* and VSYNC* will be transmitted
as outputs when this bit or a combination of this bit and SLAVE pin is 0. (DEFAULT)
1 = Configures encoder as the timing slave (pseudo-master or slave interface). HSYNC*
and VSYNC* will be received as inputs when this bit or a combination of this bit and
SLAVE pin is 1.
SLEEP_EN
Bit 7–30
0 = Normal operation. (DEFAULT)
1 = Enables sleep state.
Shuts down all internal clocks except the serial port interface clock. Disables all digital
I/O pins except: SLEEP, ALTADDR, CLKI, CLKO, and XTALOUT. Disables the PLL. Turns
off all DACs and VREF. SLEEP and RESET* pins are never disabled.
SRESET
Bit 7–BA
0 = Normal Operation. (DEFAULT)
1 = Setting this bit performs a software reset. All registers are reset to their default state.
This bit is automatically cleared.
SYNC_AMP[7:0]
Bits [7:0]–A4
Multiplication factor for controlling the analog sync amplitude.
SYNC_AMP + 1 LSb (least significant bit) = +1.25 mV increase in the analog sync
amplitude.
TIMING_RST
Bit 7–6C
0 = Normal Operation. (DEFAULT)
1 = Enable timing reset. Resets timing and pixel counters to 1 This bit is automatically
cleared. The designer should wait a minimum of 1 ms, after the last register write before
enabling TIMING_RST.
V_ACTIVEI[9:8]
V_ACTIVEI[7:0]
Bits [3:2]–96 and
Bits [7:0]–94
Number of active input lines.
2-22
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
2.0 Internal Registers
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
2.4 Reading Registers
Table 2-5. Programming Detail For All Read/Write Registers (15 of 16)
Bit/Register
Names
Bit Location
Bit/Register Definition
V_ACTIVEO[8]
V_ACTIVEO[7:0]
Bit 7–86 and Bits
[7:0]–84
Number of active output lines/field.
V_BLANKI[7:0]
Bits [7:0]–92
Number of input lines between VSYNC* leading edge and first active line.
V_BLANKO[7:0]
Bits [7:0]–82
Line number of first active output line (number of blank lines + 1).
V_LINESI[10]
V_LINESI[9:8]
V_LINESI[7:0]
Bit 1–38,
Bits
[1:0]–96, Bits
[7:0]–90
Number of vertical input lines. This register value must match the graphic controller’s
VTOTAL register for a new overscan ratio.
V_SCALE[13:8]
V_SCALE[7:0]
Bits [5:0]–9A and
Bits {7:0]–98
Vertical scaling coefficient.
VSR = V_ACTIVEI / (ALO * (1 – VOC))
V_SCALE[13:0] = (int) ((VSR – 1) * 212)
VBLANKDLY
Bit 4–8E
0 = Normal operation. (DEFAULT)
1 = The effective vertical blanking value in the second field is V_BLANKI+1. Commonly
used in CCIR601 input. No effect if 0.
VSYNC_DUR
Bit 3–A2
0 = Generates 2.5 line VSYNC analog output (found in equalization and serration pulse
region). Common for most PAL and SECAM formats.
1 = Generates 3 line VSYNC analog output (found in equalization and serration pulse
region). Common for all NTSC, PAL-N, PAL-M, and PAL-60 formats. (DEFAULT)
VSYNCI
Bit 4–C6
0 = CX25870/871 transmits or receives active digital low VSYNC*. (DEFAULT)
1 = CX25870/871 transmits or receives active digital high VSYNC*.
VSYNWIDTH[2:0]
Bits [2:0]–74
Controls the width of the VSYNC* output pulse. Denotes the number of lines the
VSYNC* digital signal remains low on field transitions. Value will be hexadecimal and its
units are in terms of lines. A value of 0 is a disallowed condition. The acceptable range is
1 line to (23 –1) lines. The default value is 1. Never set to 0. This register is only effective
in master interface.
WSSDAT[20:1]
Bits [7:0]–64,
- 62, and
bits [3:0]–60
Wide screen signaling (WSS) data bits. Review WSS section for more details.
WSSINC[19:0]
Bits [3:0]–6A and WSS DTO increment bits. Review WSS section for more details.
bits [7:0]–68, - 66
XDSSEL[3:0]
Bits [7:4]–5E
Line position of Extended Data Services (XDS) Content.
Controls which line contains Extended Data Services data. Each line enable is
independent of the other.
0001 = Extended Data Services on line 282 (525-line) and line 333 (625-line).
0010 = Extended Data Services on line 283 (525-line) and line 334 (625-line).
0100 = Extended Data Services on line 284 (525-line) and line 335 (625-line).
(DEFAULT)
1000 = Extended Data Services on line 285 (525-line) and line 336 (625-line).
XTL_BFO_DIS
Bit 5–30
On power-up, a 50% duty cycle buffered output will be transmitted at the frequency
found between the XTALIN and XTALOUT ports from the XTL_BFO pin #3.
0 = Enable buffer crystal clock output. [DEFAULT]
1 = Disable buffer crystal clock output.
XTAL_PAD_DIS
Bit 6–30
0 = Normal operation. (DEFAULT)
1 = Disable XTALIN and XTALOUT crystal pin. Encoder must receive main clock through
CLKI pin.
100381B
Conexant
2-23
CX25870/871
2.0 Internal Registers
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
2.4 Reading Registers
Table 2-5. Programming Detail For All Read/Write Registers (16 of 16)
Bit/Register
Names
Bit Location
Bit/Register Definition
Y_ALTFF[1:0]
Bits [1:0]–34
Luma alternate flicker filter selection. This bit will only have an effect when ADPT_FF is
set. Y_ALTFF should always be programmed to a value greater than or equal to F_SELY.
00 = 5 line (DEFAULT)
01 = 2 line
10 = 3 line
11 = 4 line
Y_OFF[7:0]
Bits [7:0]–5A
Brightness control. This is the luminance level offset. Expressed as a 2’s complement
number. (DEFAULT = 0x00)
The luminance level offset is referenced from black, and can be adjusted from -22.31
IRE (below black) to +22.14 IRE (above black). Active video will be added to the offset
level. Y_OFF is a two’s complement number, such that 0x00 = 0 IRE offset 0x7 is +22.14
IRE offset and 0x8 is -22.31 IRE offset. 1 lsb =1.25 mV or .175 IRE of adjustment.
Y_THRESH[2:0]
Bits [2:0]–36
Controls the sensitivity or limit of turning on the alternate flicker filter for luma in
adaptive flicker filter mode. (DEFAULT = 000)
YATTENUATE[2:0]
Bits {2:0]–CA
Works in conjunction with register MY for contrast control. This bit field is for Luma
Attenuation in discrete steps.
000 = 1.0 gain (no attenuation) (DEFAULT)
001 = 15/16 gain
010 = 7/8 gain
011 = 3/4 gain
100 = 1/2 gain
101 = 1/4 gain
110 = 1/8 gain
111 = 0 gain (Force Luma to 0)
YCORING[2:0]
Bits [5:3]–CA
Luma Coring. Values below the YCORING[2:0] limits that follow are automatically
clamped to pure black by the encoder.
000 = Bypass (DEFAULT)
001 = 1/128 of range
010 = 1/64 of range
011 = 1/32 of range
100 = 1/16 of range
101 = 1/8 of range
110 = 1/4 of range
111 = Reserved
YLPF[1:0]
Bits [5:4]–96
Luma Post-Flicker Filter/Scaler Horizontal Low Pass Filter:
00 = Bypass (DEFAULT)
01 = Luma Horizontal LPF1 setting
10 = Luma Horizontal LPF2 setting
11 = Luma Horizontal LPF3 setting
YSELECT
Bit 6–36
This bit will only have an effect when ADPT_FF is set.
0 = Use the C_THRESH value to determine the threshold for turning on the alternate
flicker filter setting for chrominance. (DEFAULT)
1 = Use the Y_THRESH value to determine the threshold for turning on the alternate
flicker filter setting for chrominance. Both chroma and luma digital data is automatically
processed with their alternate flicker filter settings when the Y_THRESH limit is
exceeded.
2-24
Conexant
100381B
3
3.0 PC Board Considerations
For optimum performance of the CX25870/871, proper CMOS layout techniques
should be studied before PC board layout is begun.
The layout should be optimized for lowest noise on the power and ground
planes by providing good decoupling. The trace length between groups of VAA
(or VDD) and GND (or VSS) pins should be as short as possible to minimize
inductive ringing.
A well-designed power distribution network is critical to eliminating digital
switching noise. The ground plane must provide a low-impedance return path for
the digital circuits. A PC board with a minimum of four layers is recommended,
with layers 1 (top) and 4 (bottom) for signals, and layers 2 and 3 for ground and
power, respectively.
3.1 Component Placement
Components should be placed as close as possible to the associated pin in order
for traces to be connected point to point. The optimum layout places the
CX25870/871 as close as possible to the power supply connector and the video
output connector, as illustrated in Figure 3-1.
Some other PC board layout tips to follow are:
•
•
•
100381B
Include a silk screen layer of labels in your layout artwork showing each
component and its reference designation. Label numbered test nodes and
the correct polarity of diodes and electrolytic capacitors.
Leave adequate space around components so ESD transients only have
minimally adverse effects on ICs.
Make sure signals that need access for troubleshooting or analysis are easy
to find and probe.
Conexant
3-1
CX25870/871
3.0 PC Board Considerations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
3.2 Power and Ground Planes
3.2 Power and Ground Planes
For optimum performance, a common digital and analog ground plane and a
common digital and analog power plane are recommended. The power plane
should provide power to all CX25870/871 power pins, reference voltage (VREF)
circuitry, and COMP decoupling.
The CX25870/871 power plane should be connected to the graphics system
power plane (VCC) at a single point through a ferrite bead, as illustrated in
Figures 3-1 and 3-2. This bead should be located within 3 inches of the
CX25870/871. The bead provides resistance to switching currents by acting as a
resistor at high frequencies. A low-resistance bead should be used, such as
Ferroxcube 5659065-3B, Fair-Rite 2723021447, or TDK BF45-4001. See
Table 3-1 for a typical parts list for key passive components.
Figure 3-1. Power Plane Illustration
Bracket
Composite #1
Luma
Chrome
Composite #2
S-Video
3.3 V
CX25870
Ferrite Bead
3.3 VAA-CX870
Analog
Oscillator
Conexant
(Bt835)
Video
Decoder
5V
o VCC3.3
o VCC3.3
Data
Clocks
TOP
PCI or AGP Connector
4 layer board
plane order:
Signals
GND
PWR
BOTTOM Signals
100381_017
3-2
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
3.0 PC Board Considerations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
3.2 Power and Ground Planes
Figure 3-2. Connection Diagram for Output Filters and Other Key Passive Components/Standard Definition TV Out Only
+1.1 V to
+1.8 V
CX25870/871 Power Plane
CX25870/871 VAA
FB
C7
VDDL(1)
VDD_CO(1)
COMP
VBIAS
+3.3 V (VCC)
C2–C6
+
C9
C10
VREF
C8
10
KΩ
1%
Ground
(Power Supply
Connector)
GND
FSADJUST
VDD_VREF(1)
10
KΩ
1%
RSET =
C1
75 Ω, 75 Ω, 75 Ω, 75 Ω,
1%
1%
1%
1%
75 Ω,1%
DACA
P
SD LPF
DACB
P
SD LPF
DACC
P
SD LPF
DACD
XTALIN XTALOUT
P
SD LPF
13.500 MHz XTAL
27 pF(2),
5%
To Video
Connector
P :
VAA
SD LPF
33 pF(2),
5%
DAC Output
Schottky Diodes
To Filter
22 pF, 5%
Schottky Diodes
GND
1.8 µH, 5%
270 pF, 5%
330 pF,
5%
Note(s):
(1) VDDL VDD_CO, VDD_VREF must be tied to 3.3 V CX25870/871 Power Plane unless interface to low power graphics
controller is required.
(2) Depending on the parasitic capacitance of your PCB and loading expectations of your crystals, these capacitor values
may change slightly. Generally, the 27 pF and 33 pF combination matches a 20 pF internal XTAL load.
(3) No RF Modulator has been included on any of the DAC outputs. Baseband video is always generated by the CX25870.
100381_018a
100381B
Conexant
3-3
CX25870/871
3.0 PC Board Considerations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
3.2 Power and Ground Planes
Figure 3-3. Connection Diagram for Output Filters and Other Key Passive Components/Standard and HDTV Out
3
VAA
3.3 V
2
R2
75.0 Ω
0805
1%
HD Filter
3
VAA
3.3 V
2
1
R7
75.0 Ω
0805
1%
C10
75 pF
0805
5%
3
C = Chroma
or HD PR
22 pF
0805
5%
2
2
3
VAA
3.3 V
1
DAC D
2
C8
33 pF
0805
5%
L1
0.27 µH
1210
C9
62 pF 5%
0805
5%
SD Filter
D9
BAT54S
SOT-23
5443R10-004
COUT
C10
75 pF
0805
5%
Y = Luma
or HD Y
R11
75.0 Ω
0805
1%
L1
1.8 µH
1210
C21
270 pF 5%
0805
5%
C22
330 pF
0805
5%
CVBS = Composite #2
3
DAC C
2
C8
33 pF
0805
5%
L1
0.27 µH
1210
C9
62 pF 5%
0805
5%
D8
BAT54S
SOT-23
5443R10-004
BOUT
C10
75 pF
0805
5%
CVBS = Composite #1
or HD PB
1
DAC B
1
CX25870/871
D7
BAT54S
SOT-23
5443R10-004
2
3
HD Filter
DOUT
1
L1
0.27 µH
1210
C9
62 pF 5%
0805
5%
1
2
R11
75.0 Ω
0805
1%
3
3
VAA
3.3 V
1
DAC A
C8
33 pF
0805
5%
1
HD Filter
D9
BAT54S
SOT-23
5443R10-004
NOTE(S):
1. HD Filter imparts a passband of DC to 30 MHz.
2. SD Filter imparts a passband of DC to 8 MHz.
100381_084
3-4
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
3.0 PC Board Considerations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
3.2 Power and Ground Planes
Table 3-1. Typical Parts List for Key Passive Components
Location
Description
Vendor Part Number
C1–C7, C9
0.1 µF Ceramic Capacitor
Erie RPE112Z5U104M50V, or equivalent
C8
1.0 µF Ceramic Capacitor
Erie RPE11224U104M5V, or equivalent
C10
47 µF Capacitor
Mallory CSR13F476KM, or equivalent
FB
Ferrite Bead–Surface Mount
Fair-Rite 2743021447
RSET
75 Ω, 1% Metal Film Resistor
Dale CMF-55C, Many others
TRAP
Ceramic Resonator
Murata TPSx.xMJ or MB2 (where x.x =
sound carrier frequency in MHz)
Schottky Diodes
BAT85 (BAT54F Dual) HP 5082-2305
(1N6263) Siemens BAT 64-04 (Dual)
13.5000 MHz Fundamental, Parallel Resonant, 20 pF load, Crystal
Oscillator with 25 ppm Total Tolerance over 0 °C – 70 °C range.
See Appendix B
—
XTAL
NOTE(S): Vendor numbers are listed only as a guide. Substitution of devices with similar characteristics will not affect
CX25870/871 performance.
100381B
Conexant
3-5
Conexant
1632
8
7
6
5
33 OHM
MASTER
NTSC
ADDR x88
PAL
ALTADDR
ADDR x8A
PAL
PIN#=1
SLEEP
SLAVE
PIN#=0
NORMAL
PIN#:
SLEEP
STATE IF
R14
33 OHM
0805
as possible to source=encoder
10K
0805
10K
0805
5%
13.500 MHz
HC49U
Y1
CLKIN
CRYSTAL_OUTPUT
33 pF
C24
0805
5%
0805
C23
27 pF
RESET
CX25870/871
50 PPM total maximum for NTSC; 25 PPM total
20pF(for the XTAL shown), Parallel Resonant
Stability over Temperature(0 -70deg.C)
Frequency Tolerance at 25deg.C and Frequency
maximum for PAL/SECAM. This includes both the
- Frequency Tolerance:
Fundamental
RESET*
XTL_BFO
XTALOUT
XTALIN
CLKI
SID (SDA)
SIC (SCL)
AGND
AGND_DAC
AGND_DAC
AGND_PLL
VSS_X
VSS_CO
VSS_SI
VSS_SO
VSS/TEST
VSS5
VSS3
VSS4
VSS1
VSS2
CLKO
FIELD
VDD_VREF
VREF
VBIAS
ALTADDR
SLAVE
PAL
DACD
DACC
DACB
FSADJUST
80 PQFP
1/02/01
DACA
COMP
SLEEP
HSYNC*
VSYNC*
BLANK*
P[1]
P[0]
P[3]
P[2]
P[6]
P[5]
P[4]
P[7]
P[9]
P[8]
P[10]
FINAL PINOUT
P[12]
P[11]
VDD3
VDD4
VDD_SO
P[13]
VDD_SI
VDD5
VDD_X
VDD1
VDD2
P[15]
P[14]
VDD
VAA_VREF
P[17]
P[16]
VAA_DACB
VAA_DACC
VAA_DACD
P[20]
P[19]
P[18]
VAA_PLL
VAA_DACA
P[23]
P[22]
P[21]
- Load Capacitance:
0-70 degrees C
53
3
62
63
54
44
45
50
48
52
51
35
36
38
5
8
7
6
11
10
9
12
13
16
15
14
23
18
17
24
27
26
25
33
32
29
28
34
VDD_CO
- Mode of Operation:
- Operating Temperature:
Key Crystal(Y1) Specs:
R12
33 OHM
0805
SLEEP
SLAVE_CTL
PAL_CTL
I2C_ADDR
10K OHM
0805
R6
3V_SCL
3V_SDA
10K
0805
R5
**Float XTL_BFO if not used
R4
R3
CX25870_3.3V
10K OHM
0805
**R14 MUST be placed as close
HSYNC
VSYNC
CBLANK
P3
P2
P1
P0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P11
P10
P9
P8
*If BLANK* pin not used, tie to 3.3V thru 10kohm resistor
interface shown in diagram
10K OHM
0805
possible to source=data master
STATE IF
1632
8
7
6
5
33 OHM
R10
SLAVE
CX25870
RESET
1632
8
7
6
5
33 OHM
R9
6
5
3
4
SW DIP-4
8
7
1
2
see chart
CX25870_3.3V
4
1
2
3
2
3
4
1
4
1
2
3
**24bit RGB multiplexed
RN3A
RN3B
RN3C
RN3D
RN2A
RN2B
RN2C
RN2D
RN1A
RN1B
RN1C
RN1D
as possible to graphics controller=source
**Resistor packs MUST be placed as close
**R12 MUST be placed as close as
XTAL_CLK_Output
870_CLKIN
3V_SCL
3V_SDA
HSYNC_BI
VSYNC_BI
CBLANK_BI
P_IN3
P_IN2
P_IN1
P_IN0
P_IN7
P_IN6
P_IN5
P_IN4
P_IN11
P_IN10
P_IN9
P_IN8
denoted otherwise.
and FIELD. All other signals will also be at 3.3V CMOS levels unless
will be transmitted at 3.3V levels as well: CLKO, HSYNC*, VSYNC*, BLANK*,
If VDD_CO & VDDL = 3.3V, then the following CX25870/871 outputs
the pixel inputs- P[0] - P[11]
be received at 3.3V levels: CLKI, HSYNC*, VSYNC*, BLANK*, and
If VDD_VREF = 3.3V, then the following CX25870/871 inputs must
74
79
65
58
64
55
41
42
43
31
39
22
4
21
56
37
49
76
77
78
66
72
70
68
75
61
46
47
60
19
20
30
2
1
73
67
80
59
69
71
0805
10%
1.0 uF
C20
0805
1%
75 OHM, 1%
R8
CX25870_3.3V
0.1 uF
0805
C18
0.1 uF
0805
C11
CX25870_3.3V
RSET RESISTOR
VDDL
DAC_D
DAC_C
DAC_B
DAC_A
VAA_3.3V
VAA_3.3V
VAA_3.3V
VAA_3.3V
2
2
40
57
1
1
3
2
2
3
75.0 OHM
0805
1%
R11
75.0 OHM
0805
1%
R7
75.0 OHM
0805
1%
R2
75.0 OHM
0805
1%
CLKOUT
FIELD
270 pF
0805
5%
C21
L4
1.8uH
1210
5%
C19
22 pF
0805
5%
C15
22 pF
0805
5%
C12
22 pF
0805
5%
L3
1.8uH
1210
5%
L2
1.8uH
1210
5%
270 pF
0805
5%
C16
270 pF
0805
5%
C13
270 pF
0805
5%
C9
L1
1.8uH
1210
5%
+
R15
33 OHM
0805
as close as possible to source=encoder
330 pF
0805
5%
C22
DOUT
330 pF
0805
5%
C17
COUT
330 pF
0805
5%
C14
BOUT
330 pF
0805
5%
C10
0.01 uF
0805
10 uF
7343
AOUT
C2
C1
2
2
2
2
COUT
BOUT
0.1 uF
0805
C3
0.1 uF
0805
C4
3.3V ANALOG SUPPLY AND DECOUPLING
C8
22 pF
0805
5%
FERRITE BEAD
Fair-Rite
2743021447
FB1
**Series termination MUST be placed
**Float FIELD if not used
DA204K
SOT-23
D4
DA204K
SOT-23
D3
DA204K
SOT-23
D2
DA204K
SOT-23
D1
R1
VCC_3.3V
1
0.1 uF
0805
0.1 uF
0805
(SCART = G)
Y = LUMA
RCA JACK2
J2
(SCART = R)
CVBS =
Composite
RCA JACK2
J1
C6
C5
870CLK_OUT
870FIELD_OUT
3
4
1
2
P1
2
4
1
Connector
3
Y/C Output
S-Video
(SCART=CVBS)
Y_DELAY
RCA JACK2
J4
(SCART = B)
C = CHROMA
RCA JACK2
J3
Video Output is selectable
1.0 uF
0805
C7
CX25870_3.3V
**The type and location of each
1
1
1
3
3
1
3
3
3
1
3-6
3
3.2 Power and Ground Planes
7
6
5
CX25870_3.3V
3.0 PC Board Considerations
CX25870/871
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Figure 3-4. CX25870/871 3.3 V Recommended Layout for Connection with 3.3 V Master Device
Standard Definition TV Out Only
100381_096
100381B
FB2
0.01 0.1
uF uF
08050805
10 uF0.01 uF
7343 0805
0.1 uF
0805
C10
P_IN7
P_IN6
P_IN5
P_IN4
P_IN3
P_IN2
P_IN1
P_IN0
P_IN7
P_IN6
P_IN5
P_IN4
P_IN3
P_IN2
P_IN1
P_IN0
1
2
3
4
33 OHM
1 RN3A
2 RN3B
3 RN3C
4 RN3D
RN3A
RN3B
RN3C
RN3D
XTAL_CLK_Output
XTAL_CLK_Output
4
4
5
8
7
6
R9
R10
10K
10K
0805
0805
10K
0805
R10
CX25870_3.3V
CX25870_3.3V
5
8
7
6
R3
R4
R3
0805
R16
33 OHM
0805
PIN#: PIN#:PIN#=0 PIN#=0 PIN#=1 PIN#=1
SLEEP SLEEP
NORMAL
NORMAL SLEEP SLEEP
PAL
PAL
ALTADDR
ALTADDR
ADDR x8A
ADDR x8A
ADDR x88
ADDR x88
PAL NTSC NTSC
MASTER
MASTER SLAVE SLAVE
SLAVE SLAVE
R16
33 OHM
0805
as possible
as to
possible
source=encoder
to source=encoder
HSYNC
VSYNC
CBLANK
33 pF
C27
0805
5%
0805
C26
27 pF
HSYNC
VSYNC
CBLANK
33 pF
C27
0805
CLKIN
3V_SCL
3V_SDA
53
3
62
63
54
45
44
P[1]
P[0]
P[2]
P[3]
P[7]
P[6]
P[5]
P[4]
SLEEP
SLAVE
PAL
ALTADDR
XTALIN
CLKI
53
RESET*
RESET*
3
80 PQFP
80
XTL_BFO XTL_BFO
62
XTALOUT XTALOUT
63
XTALIN
DACB
65
AGND_DACAGND_DAC
74
AGND_DACAGND_DAC
79
AGND
AGND
- Frequency
- Frequency
Tolerance:
Tolerance:
50 PPM total
50 PPM
maximum
total maximum
for NTSC;
for25
NTSC;
PPM total
25 PPM total
Stability over
Stability
Temperature(0
over Temperature(0
-70deg.C)
-70deg.C)
Frequency
Frequency
Tolerance
Tolerance
at 25deg.C
at 25deg.C
and Frequency
and Frequency
maximummaximum
for PAL/SECAM.
for PAL/SECAM.
This includes
This includes
both the both the
4
56
CLKO
37
FIELD
VSS1
21
VSS2
22
VSS3
VSS3
31
VSS4
VSS4
39
VSS/TEST VSS/TEST
41
VSS5
VSS5
42
VSS_SI
VSS_SI
43
VSS_SO VSS_SO
55
VSS_CO VSS_CO
58
AGND_PLL AGND_PLL
64
VSS_X
VSS_X
VSS1
VSS2
CLKO
FIELD
49
VDD_VREFVDD_VREF
77
76
VREF
74
79
65
64
55
58
43
41
42
21
22
31
39
4
56
37
49
0805
10%
1.0 uF
C23
76
77
VBIAS
VREF
66
72
70
68
75
61
47
60
19
20
30
46
2
VBIAS
66
DACD
72
DACC
70
DACB
68
DACA
75
COMP
VDD3
30
VDD4
46
VDD_SO
47
VDD_SI
60
VDD5
61
VDD_X
1
67
80
78
DACD
DACC
VDD
VDD1
19
VDD2
20
2
1
59
69
71
73
78
FSADJUST FSADJUST
PQFP
1/02/01 1/02/01
VSYNC*
BLANK*
HSYNC*
45
SIC (SCL) SIC (SCL)
44
SID (SDA) SID (SDA)
54
CLKI
DACA
COMP
FINAL PINOUT
FINAL PINOUT
- Load Capacitance:
- Load Capacitance:
20pF(for 20pF(for
the XTALthe
shown),
XTAL shown),
Parallel Resonant
Parallel Resonant
- Mode of- Mode
Operation:
of Operation:
Fundamental
Fundamental
VDD4
VDD_SO
VDD_SI
P[12]
P[11]
P[10]
P[9]
P[8]
VDD3
VDD5
VDD_X
VDD1
VDD2
P[13]
VDD
59
VAA_PLL VAA_PLL
69
VAA_DACAVAA_DACA
71
VAA_DACBVAA_DACB
73
VAA_DACCVAA_DACC
67
VAA_DACDVAA_DACD
80
VAA_VREF VAA_VREF
P[15]
P[14]
P[16]
P[20]
P[19]
P[18]
P[17]
P[23]
P[22]
P[21]
VDD_CO
VDDL
CX25870/871
CX25870/871
52
SLEEP
51
SLAVE
50
PAL
48
ALTADDR
35
HSYNC*
36
VSYNC*
38
BLANK*
8
P[3]
7
P[2]
6
P[1]
5
P[0]
P[7]
11
P[6]
10
P[5]
9
P[4]
12
14
P[9]
13
P[8]
16
P[11]
15
P[10]
34
P[23]
33
P[22]
32
P[21]
29
P[20]
28
P[19]
27
P[18]
26
P[17]
25
P[16]
24
P[15]
23
P[14]
18
P[13]
17
P[12]
40
VDDL
57
VDD_CO
- Operating
- Operating
Temperature:
Temperature:
0-70 degrees
0-70 degrees
C
C
Key Crystal(Y1)
Key Crystal(Y1)
Specs: Specs:
RESET
**Float XTL_BFO
**Float XTL_BFO
if not usedif not used
RESET
35
36
38
8
7
6
5
11
10
9
12
14
13
16
15
52
SLEEP
SLEEP
SLAVE_CTL
SLAVE_CTL 51
PAL_CTL PAL_CTL
50
I2C_ADDR I2C_ADDR 48
Y1 5%
Y1
0805 MHz13.500 MHz
13.500
HC49U
HC49U
C26
27 pF
R6
10K
10K OHM 10K OHM
0805
0805
0805
R5
R6
3V_SCL
3V_SDA
CLKIN
10K
10K
0805
0805
R4
R5
5%
5%
CRYSTAL_OUTPUT
CRYSTAL_OUTPUT
**R16 MUST
**R16
beMUST
placedbe
asplaced
close as close
33 OHM
R13
33 OHM
0805
10K OHM 10K OHM
10K OHM 10K OHM
0805
0805 0805
0805
R9
SW DIP-4 SW DIP-4
1
2
3
1
2
3
see chartsee chart
STATE IF
STATE IF
STATE IF STATE IF
CX25870
CX25870
PAL
P3
P2
P1
P0
*If BLANK*
*If pin
BLANK*
not used,
pin not
tie to
used,
VDDL
tie thru
to VDDL
10kohm
thruresistor
10kohm resistor
CX25870_3.3V
CX25870_3.3V
possible to
possible
source=data
to source=data
master master
RESET
P3
P2
P1
P0
P7
P6
P5
P4
P11
P10
P9
P8
**Resistor**Resistor
packs should
packs
beshould
placedbe
asplaced
close as
as possible
close as to
possible
graphics
to controller
graphics controller
1632
33 OHM
8
7
6
5
7
6
5
P7
P6
P5
P4
P11
P10
P9
P8
23
18
17
24
28
27
26
25
32
29
34
33
57
40
C21
C23 0.1 uF
0805
1.0 uF
0805
10%
0.1 uF
0805
0.1 uF
0805
R8
0805
R11
R14
10K OHM 10K OHM
0805
0805
1%
1%
R14
10K OHM 10K OHM
0805
0805
1%
1%
R11
CX870_1.8V
CX870_1.8V
C21 0805
0.1 uF
0805
75 OHM,75
1%OHM, 1%
R8
C14
C14
DAC_A
3
DAC_B
DAC_C
DAC_D
VAA_3.3V VAA_3.3V
DAC_D
VAA_3.3V VAA_3.3V
DAC_C
VAA_3.3V VAA_3.3V
DAC_B
VAA_3.3V VAA_3.3V
DAC_A
3
DA204K
SOT-23
D1
DA204K
SOT-23
D2
1
CLKOUT
R2
R2
R7
R12
75.0 OHM 75.0 OHM C24
DA204K0805
0805
270 pF
SOT-23
1%
1%
0805
5%
D4
R12
FIELD
FIELD
CLKOUT
Title
R17
33 OHM
0805
L4
1.8uH
1210
5%
C22
22 pF
0805
5%
330 pF
0805
5%
C25
DOUT
330 pF
0805
5%
C25
DOUT
330 pF
0805
5%
C20
COUT
330 pF
0805
5%
C17
BOUT
330 pF
0805
5%
C13
2
2
2
2
COUT
BOUT
0.01 0.1
uF uF
08050805
C2 C3
2
0.1 uF
0.1 uF
08050805
C3 C4
2
Sheet
J2
(SCART
(SCART
= G) = G)
Y = LUMA
Y = LUMA
2
2
J4
4
1
2
3
P1
870CLK_OUT
870CLK_OUT
Sheet 1
1 of
P1
43
1
of1
3
1
1
Rev
Rev
Connector Connector
2
4
1
2
3
2
4
Y/C Output
Y/C Output
S-Video
S-Video
(SCART=CVBS)
(SCART=CVBS)
Y_DELAY
Y_DELAY
RCA JACK2RCA JACK2
J4
(SCART
(SCART
= B) = B)
C = CHROMA
C = CHROMA
870FIELD_OUT
870FIELD_OUT
COUT
BOUT
J3
RCA JACK2RCA JACK2
J3
**The type
**The
andtype
location
and location
of each of each
Video Output
VideoisOutput
selectable
is selectable
SizeDocument
Document
Number Number
B Please contact
Please your
contact
local
your
Conexant
local Conexant
FAE withFAE
questions.
with questions.
If that If that
fails, callfails,
1-949-483-6996
call 1-949-483-6996
for morefor
information.
more information.
Date: Monday,Monday,
August 13,
August
200113, 2001
1.0 uF
0805
0.1 uF
1.0 uF
08050805
(SCART
(SCART
= R) = R)
RCA JACK2RCA JACK2
J2
C7
C6 C7
CVBSCVBS
=
=
Composite
Composite
RCA JACK2RCA JACK2
J1
0.1 uF
0.1 uF
08050805
J1
C5 C6
0.1 uF
0.1 uF
08050805
CX25870_3.3V
CX25870_3.3V
C4 C5
CX25870/871
CX25870/871
3.3V/1.8V
3.3V/1.8V
Recommended
Recommended
Layout
Layout
Date:
Size
B
Title
R17
33 OHM
0805
as close as
as possible
close as to
possible
source=encoder
to source=encoder
**Series termination
**Series termination
MUST beMUST
placedbe placed
270 pF
0805
5%
L4
1.8uH
1210
5%
C24
C22
22 pF
0805
5%
330 pF
0805
5%
C20
COUT
330 pF
0805
5%
C17
BOUT
330 pF
0805
5%
AOUT
10 uF0.01 uF
7343 0805
C1 C2
AOUT
C13
C18
22 pF
0805
5%
C15
22 pF
0805
5%
C11
22 pF
0805
5%
L3
1.8uH
1210
5%
C18
22 pF
0805
5%
L2
1.8uH
1210
5%
270 pF
0805
5%
L3
1.8uH
1210
5%
C19
270 pF
0805
5%
L2
1.8uH
1210
5%
C16
C15
22 pF
0805
5%
L1
1.8uH
1210
5%
C11
22 pF
0805
5%
10 uF
7343
+
3.3V ANALOG
3.3V ANALOG
SUPPLY
SUPPLY
AND DECOUPLING
AND DECOUPLING
270 pF
0805
5%
L1
1.8uH
1210
5%
C12
75.0 OHM 75.0 OHM C19
DA204K0805
270 pF
0805
SOT-23
0805
1%
1%
5%
D3
R7
**Float FIELD
**Float
pinFIELD
if not used
pin if not used
DA204K
SOT-23
D4
R1
75.0 OHM 75.0 OHM C16
DA204K0805
270 pF
0805
SOT-23
0805
1%
1%
5%
D2
DA204K
SOT-23
D3
R1
75.0 OHM 75.0 OHM C12
DA204K0805
270 pF
0805
SOT-23
0805
1%
1%
5%
D1
FB1
FERRITE BEAD
FERRITE BEAD
Fair-Rite Fair-Rite
+ C1
27430214472743021447
FB1
VCC_3.3V
VCC_3.3V
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
RESET
1632
8
7
6
5
2
3
4
2 RN2B
3 RN2C
4 RN2D
**R13 MUST
**R13
beMUST
placedbe
asplaced
close as
as close as R13
870_CLKIN870_CLKIN
3V_SCL
3V_SDA
HSYNC_BI HSYNC_BI
VSYNC_BI VSYNC_BI
CBLANK_BICBLANK_BI
3V_SCL
3V_SDA
1632
8
7
6
5
33 OHM 1632
33 OHM
1 RN2A
1 8
6
5
RN2A
RN2B
RN2C
RN2D
3
4
1632
8
7
6
5
3 RN1C
4 RN1D
33 OHM 1632
33 OHM
1 RN1A
1 8
2 RN1B
2 7
RN1A
RN1B
RN1C
RN1D
**24bit RGB
**24bit
multiplexed
RGB multiplexed
interfaceinterface
shown inshown
diagram
in diagram
P_IN11
P_IN10
P_IN9
P_IN8
P_IN11
P_IN10
P_IN9
P_IN8
other signals
otherwill
signals
be atwill
3.3V
beCMOS
at 3.3Vlevels
CMOS
unless
levelsdenoted
unless denoted
otherwise.
otherwise.
transmitted
transmitted
at 1.8V levels:
at 1.8VCLKO,
levels:HSYNC*,
CLKO, HSYNC*,
VSYNC*,VSYNC*,
BLANK*,BLANK*,
and FIELD.
and All
FIELD. All
If VDD_CO
If VDD_CO
& VDDL &
= 1.8V,
VDDLthen
= 1.8V,
the then
following
the following
CX25870/871
CX25870/871
outputs will
outputs
be will be
pixel inputspixelP[0]
inputs- P[11]
P[0] - P[11]
be received
be received
at 1.8V levels:
at 1.8VCLKI,
levels:HSYNC*,
CLKI, HSYNC*,
VSYNC*,VSYNC*,
BLANK*,BLANK*,
and the and the
If VDD_VREF
If VDD_VREF
= 1.8V / 2,
= 1.8V
then /the
2, then
following
the following
CX25870/871
CX25870/871
inputs must
inputs must
C9 C10
C8 C9
1.8V ANALOG
1.8V ANALOG
SUPPLY
SUPPLY
AND DECOUPLING
AND DECOUPLING
FERRITE BEAD
FERRITE BEAD
Fair-Rite Fair-Rite
+ C8
+
27430214472743021447
10 uF
7343
RSET RESISTOR
FB2
1
1
CX25870_3.3V
CX25870_3.3V
2
CX25870_1.8V
CX25870_1.8V
RSET RESISTOR
2
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
VCC_1.8V
VCC_1.8V
2
2
1
1
3
3
3
3
Conexant
7
6
5
100381B
7
6
5
CX25870/871
3.0 PC Board Considerations
3.2 Power and Ground Planes
Figure 3-5. CX25870/871 3.3 V/1.8 V Recommended Layout for Connection with 1.8 V Master Device
Standard Definition TV Out Only
100381_097
100381_097
3-7
CX25870/871
3.0 PC Board Considerations
3.3 Recommended Schematics and Layout for CX25870/871
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
3.3 Recommended Schematics and Layout for
CX25870/871
For the CX25870/871 to operate at an optimal technical level, it is imperative to
adopt the passive components, values, tolerances, and guidelines contained in the
following figures.
Conexant has done extensive lab testing with these components, and found
that they yield the best combination of performance and price.
The complete schematic diagram for a 3.3 V only design is illustrated in
Figure 3-4.
The complete schematic diagram for a mixed 3.3 V and 1.8 V design
environment is illustrated in Figure 3-5.
For a complete schematic diagram for a mixed 3.3V and lower voltage (1.5 V
or 1.1 V) design environment, request assistance from your local FAE. The
finished schematic for the 3.3 V/1.5 V or 3.3 V/1.1 V case will look similar to
Figure 3-5.
Substitution of resistors, capacitors, inductors, and crystals with
nonrecommended values or greater than recommended tolerances may degrade
the video output quality of the CX25870/871 encoder.
3-8
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
3.0 PC Board Considerations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
3.4 Decoupling
3.4 Decoupling
3.4.1 Device Decoupling
For optimum performance, all capacitors should be located as close as possible to
the device, and the shortest possible leads (consistent with reliable operation)
should be used to reduce the lead inductance. Chip capacitors are recommended
for minimum lead inductance. Radial lead ceramic capacitors can be substituted
for chip capacitors and are better than axial lead capacitors for self-resonance.
Values are chosen to have self-resonance above the pixel clock.
3.4.2 Power Supply Decoupling
The best power supply performance is obtained with a 0.1 µF ceramic capacitor
decoupling each group of VAA pins and each group of VDD pins to GND. The
capacitors should be placed as close as possible to the device VAA/VDD pins and
GND pins and connected with short, wide traces.
The 47 µF capacitor shown in Figure 3-2 is for low-frequency power supply
ripple; the 0.1 µF capacitors are for high-frequency power supply noise rejection.
Inclusion of a 0.01 µF and a 1.0 µF capacitor between the group of VAA/VDD
pins and GND/VSS pins will improve power supply decoupling at intermediate
frequencies as well.
When a linear regulator is used, the proper power-up sequence must be
verified to prevent latchup. A linear regulator is recommended to filter the analog
power supply if the power supply noise is greater than or equal to 200 mV. This is
especially important when a switching power supply is used, or low voltage
interface is implemented, and the switching frequency is close to the raster scan
frequency. About 5 percent of the power supply hum and ripple noise less than
1 MHz will couple onto the analog outputs.
3.4.3 COMP Decoupling
The COMP pin must be decoupled to the closest VAA pin, typically with a 0.1 µF
ceramic capacitor. Low-frequency supply noise will require a larger value. The
COMP capacitor must be as close as possible to the COMP and VAA pins. A
surface-mount ceramic chip capacitor is preferred for minimal lead inductance.
Lead inductance degrades the noise rejection of the circuit. Short, wide traces will
also reduce lead inductance.
3.4.4 VREF Decoupling
A 1.0 µF ceramic capacitor should be used to decouple this input to GND.
3.4.5 VBIAS Decoupling
A 0.1 µF ceramic capacitor should be used to decouple this output to GND.
100381B
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CX25870/871
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3.5 Signal Interconnect
3.5 Signal Interconnect
3.5.1 Digital Signal Interconnect
The digital inputs to the CX25870/871 should be isolated as much as possible
from the analog outputs and other analog circuitry. Also, these input signals
should not overlay the analog power plane or analog output signals.
Most of the noise on the analog outputs will be caused by fast transitioning
clock edges, data edges (less than 3 ns), and overshoot, undershoot, and ringing
on the digital inputs.
The digital edge rates should not be faster than necessary because feedthrough
noise is proportional to the digital edge rates. Lower-speed applications will
benefit from using lower-speed logic (3–5 ns edge rates) to reduce data-related
noise on the analog outputs.
Transmission lines will mismatch if the lines do not match the source and
destination impedance. This will degrade signal fidelity if the line length
reflection time is greater than one-fourth the signal edge time. Line termination or
line-length reduction is the solution. For example, logic edge rates of 2 ns require
line lengths of less than 4 inches without use of termination. Ringing can be
reduced by damping the line with a series resistor (30–50 Ω).
Radiation of digital signals can also be picked up by the analog circuitry. This
is prevented by reducing the digital edge rates (rise/fall time), minimizing ringing
with damping resistors, and minimizing coupling through PC board capacitance
by routing the digital signals at a 90-degree angle to any analog signals.
The clock driver and all other digital devices must be adequately decoupled to
prevent noise generated by the digital devices from coupling into the analog
circuitry.
3.5.2 Analog Signal Interconnect
The CX25870/871 analog output traces should be located as close as possible to
the output connectors and be of equal length to minimize noise pickup and
reflections caused by impedance mismatch.
The analog outputs are susceptible to crosstalk from digital lines; therefore
digital traces must not be routed under or adjacent to the analog output traces.
To maximize the high-frequency power supply rejection, the video output
signals should overlay the ground plane.
For maximum performance, the analog video output impedance, cable
impedance, and load impedance should be the same. The load resistor connection
between the video outputs and GND should be as close as possible to the
CX25870/871 to minimize reflections. Unused DAC analog outputs should be left
floating.
3-10
Conexant
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CX25870/871
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3.6 Applications Information
3.6 Applications Information
3.6.1 Changes Required to Accommodate CX25870/871 in Bt868/869-Designs
3.6.1.1 Software
The CX25870/871 is software backward compatible with Conexant’s first
generation VGA Encoder, the Bt868/869. This means that all register indices for
the Bt868/869 were carried forward to the exact same indices for the
CX25870/871. For Conexant’s second generation encoder, new registers were
added, but the actual addresses used were outside of the 0x6C to 0xD6 range
reserved for the Bt868/869 legacy functionality. Some reserved bits within the
Bt868/869 did take on significance with the CX25870/871 where necessary.
Table 3-2. Relative Register Map for CX25870/871
Shared CX25870/871 &
Bt868/869 registers
Register Addresses 0x00 to 0x04 (Read Only)
(Must be accessed through ‘Legacy’ read procedure with ESTATUS[1:0] bits in Bt868/869)
(‘Standard’ or ‘Legacy’ read-back procedure ok for CX25870/871)
CX25870/871 specific
registers
Register Address 0x06(Read Only)
and
Register Addresses 0x28E to 0x6A (Read/Write)
Shared CX25870/871 &
Bt868/869 registers
Register Address 0x6C(Read/Write)
to
Register Address 0xD6(Read/Write)
CX25870/871 specific
register
Register Address 0xD8(Read/Write)
The most significant difference in software between the two encoders is the
fact that the CX25870/871 can be read from using the Standard serial method as
well as the Legacy serial method. To use the Standard procedure, the master
issues CX25870’s device ID and subaddress in consecutive bytes, and the slave
acknowledges with a pulse after each transaction. Upon completion of these 2
steps, the slave transmits the final byte which contains the 8 bits of data. The
Bt868/869 cannot be read from in this manner and instead relies solely on the
Legacy method. This process is explained step-by-step in the ‘TV Auto-Detection
Procedures’ section of this specification.
Another difference in terms of software between the two encoders is the
power-up video output routing. The CX25870 after power-up or a signal-driven
reset transmits Video0 = composite on DAC_A, Video1 = Luma (Y) on DAC_B,
Video2 = Chroma (C) on DAC_C, and Video3 = Luma Delay on DAC_D.
The Bt868 was different in this respect. On power-up, it sent out
Video0 = composite from DAC_A, DAC_B, and DAC_C. Reprogramming
register 0xCE correctly ensures proper video output routing.
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3.6 Applications Information
Another difference between the two encoders is the default video output
routing through the on-chip DACs. On power-up, the Bt868 transmitted Video[0]
= Composite from all three of its DACs. Due to the popularity of S-Video out, the
CX25871, on power-up, broadcasts Video[0] = Composite from DAC_A,
Video[1] = Luminance from DAC_B, Video[2] = Chrominance from DAC_C,
and Video[3] = Delayed Luminance from DAC_D. For Bt868 drivers that did not
program register 0xCE, this step may be necessary to re-route the Video outputs
with the CX25870.
As a result of software register compatibility, no modifications to a customer’s
source code are required to enable the same features that exist within both
Conexant VGA encoders. Of course, to exploit the new features within the
CX25870/871, such as display of 1024x768 resolution on a TV, HDTV output,
SECAM output, and others, some software changes and new register sets will be
necessary. This usually equates to the release of a new driver and/or graphics
BIOS for support of the CX25870.
3.6.1.2 Hardware
Similarly, the Bt868/869 is pin-for-pin backward compatible with the newest
Conexant encoder. Both devices are housed in exactly the same compact 80-pin,
[14 mm x 14 mm x 2.4 mm] plastic PQFP package. Furthermore, aside from pins
2, 3, 65, 66, and 67, which were no connects within the Bt868/869, the
CX25870/871 is identical in its pinout to the previous generation.
Consequently, if the customer’s Bt868-designed PCB actually has no connects
for the pins listed as N/C on the Bt868/869, then no PC board changes are needed
except for some passive component stuffing changes when upgrading to the
CX25870/871. However, if the Bt868/869 N/C pins were actually grounded or
utilization of the new external features within the CX25870/871 is desired, then a
few changes to a customer’s Bt868/869-based PC Board are definitely required to
accommodate the new CX25870/871. Table 3-3 summarizes all the likely
alterations that need to be performed to existing designs.
Table 3-3. Hardware Modifications to Bt868/869-based PCB Required to Accommodate the CX25870/871 (1 of 3)
Pin
#
Bt868/9
Pin Name
CX25870/1
Pin Name
1
AGND
VDD
This pin should be tied to VDD (3.3V) for both the CX25870/1 and Bt868/9, so the
encoder’s output video levels match the IRE levels that it was designed to transmit.
Conexant has seen 2-3 IRE excursions away from the correct color bar and other test
pattern IRE levels and have verified that either encoder's pin #1 being tied to GND to be
the root cause.
An output video difference of 2-3 IRE is a very small amplitude AND would only be
noticeable if you used a VM700T from Tektronix or some other advanced piece of video
measuring equipment. Visually, it is quite difficult to even detect a 2-3 IRE excursion.
In conclusion, tie Pin #1 which was the Bt868/9’s ‘AGND’ to VDD/VAA = 3.3V for both
the CX25870/1 and Bt868/9 for best operation. Rename this pin (#1) on any
schematics so it says 'VDD.’
2
N/C
VDD
The digital power pin needs to be tied to 3.3V. This was a no connect for the Bt868/9.
3
N/C
XTL_BFO
The buffered crystal clock output pin should be floated if not used. This was a no
connect for the Bt868/9.
For CX25870/1-designs, a small (e.g. 33 ohm) series resistor should be added in series
to XTL_BFO as close as possible to the signal source device. This reduces overshoot
and undershoot on this signal as it changes states.
3-12
Comment
Conexant
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3.6 Applications Information
Table 3-3. Hardware Modifications to Bt868/869-based PCB Required to Accommodate the CX25870/871 (2 of 3)
49
VDDMAX
VDD_VREF
Pin 49 has been renamed for the CX25870/1. For 3.3V swings on the interface signals
for CX25870/1-designs, this pin should be tied directly to 3.3V as was the case with
Bt868/9-designs.
For lower voltage swings for the digital interface signals, using a voltage divider circuit
or some other method, tie the CX25870/871’s VDD_VREF input (pin 49) to (VDDL / 2).
See Figure 3-5 for an illustration of this concept.
50
PAL
PAL
If the desired video output at power-up is PAL, then a 10 kΩ pull-up resistor is
recommended for this pin for CX25870/1-designs. No pull-up resistor was advocated
for Bt868/9-designs. If the desired video output at power-up is NTSC, then this pin
should be tied directly to GND.
51
SLAVE
SLAVE
If desired interface at power-up is slave or pseudo-master (i.e. slave video timing), then
a 10 kΩ pull-up resistor is recommended for this pin for CX25870/1-designs. No
pull-up resistor was advocated for Bt868/9-designs. If desired interface at power-up is
master (i.e. master video timing), then this pin should be tied directly to GND.
52
SLEEP
SLEEP
If desired power management state at power-up is Normal Operation, then this pin
should be tied directly to GND. If desired power management state at power-up is
Sleep, then a 10 kΩ pull-up resistor is recommended for this pin for
CX25870/1-designs. No pull-up resistor was advocated for Bt868/9-designs.
62
63
XTALOUT
XTALIN
XTALOUT
XTALIN
The recommended capacitor value from XTALIN to GND has been altered from 33 pF to
27 pF for a 20 pF load crystal. This ensures an output-to-input voltage gain sufficient to
make up signal losses through the crystal since the ratio of
CXTALOUT / CXTALIN = 1.1 to 1.5.
The buffered clock crystal output frequency, which can be measured from the
CX25870/1's XTL_BFO output port, should be within 25 ppM = +/- 337 Hz. of 13.5000
MHz. at all times. The high amount of tolerance is necessary so the encoder can
generate sufficient accuracy for the subcarrier frequencies for SECAM, PAL, and NTSC.
If this type of accuracy does not exist when using CXTALIN = 27 pF then CXTALIN should
be increased to 30 pF or 33 pF and the frequency re-measured. Different PCBs exhibit
different amounts of parasitic capacitance so one value for CXTALIN does not
necessarily fit for all designs.
For Bt868/9-designs, CXTALIN and CXTALOUT were recommended to be equal (33 pF).
The 1 MΩ resistor, a requirement of Bt868/9-designs as an external passive between
these 2 pins, is no longer necessary with CX25870/1-designs. If it is present, then this
has no adverse effects on the CX25870/1’s overall video performance.
65
N/C
AGND_DAC
Whether or not DACD is actually used as a video output within the CX25870/1 design,
this pin must be tied to GND.
For Bt868/9-based designs, this pin was a No Connect and for best performance
should be tied to GND or left open.
66
N/C
DACD
Pin 66 for the CX25870/1 is the fourth DAC = DACD.
If DACD is used, connect this output to a video connector. If DACD is not used, leave
this pin no connected for CX25870/1-designs. The circuitry for the low pass filter for
DACD will also need to be added for CX25870/1 designs.
For Bt868/9-based designs, this pin was a No Connect and for best performance
should be tied to GND or left open.
67
N/C
VAA_DACD
This is the power pin for DACD. Whether or not DACD is actually used within the
design, this pin must be tied to VDD=VAA=3.3V for all CX25870/1-designs.
For Bt868/9-based designs, this pin was a No Connect and for best performance
should be tied to GND or left open.
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CX25870/871
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3.6 Applications Information
Table 3-3. Hardware Modifications to Bt868/869-based PCB Required to Accommodate the CX25870/871 (3 of 3)
75
COMP
COMP
A 0-10 ohm resistor between COMP and 0.1 µF capacitor (which is connected to VAA)
was originally recommended for Bt868/9-designs.
The 0-10 ohm resistor placed between the 0.1 µF cap and the COMP pin was
recommended to better tune the COMP circuit to prevent an internal op-amp from
oscillating. Based on the Bt868/9's DAC performance over time and the CX25870/1's
continued usage of these same DACs, this resistor was deemed to not be necessary
and should be removed for all CX25870/1 designs.
76
VREF
VREF
Capacitor from VREF to GND must be 1.0 µF for the CX25870/1. Capacitor from VREF
to GND must be 0.1 µF for the Bt868/9.
78
FSADJUST
FSADJUST
RSET, the resistor from FSADJUST pin to GND, must be 75 Ω, +/- 1% for all
CX25870/1-based designs.
RSET must be 100 ohm, +/- 1% for all Bt868/9-based designs.
NOTE(S):
N/C = No connect
To ensure proper operation of the CX25870/871, the designer must adhere to
each recommendation contained in Table 3-3.
3-14
Conexant
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3.6 Applications Information
3.6.2 Programmable Video Adjustment Controls
The quality of the TV Out picture can be altered depending on the digital input
content, the settings of various output video adjustment control registers, and the
TV itself. The values of the CX25870/871’s Y_OFF, MY, Y_ATTEN, MCB,
MCR, C_ATTEN, and PHASE_OFF registers all definitely impact the perceived
quality of the analog NTSC/PAL/SECAM video signal. For this reason, for
graphics cards that utilize the encoder, Conexant recommends the inclusion of a
Graphical User Interface (GUI) for TV Out. By designing this intelligent control
panel, the end-user can improve his TV image quality by adjusting the proper
slider or other controls at his disposal. Behind these controls, intelligence must be
embedded in the TV Out source code and driver so the values of certain registers
get adjusted depending on the status of the radio button, checkbox, slider, or
pulldown menu.
An illustration of a sample GUI for TV Out is shown in Figure 3-6.
Figure 3-6. Conexant Recommended TV Out GUI for CX25870/871
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3.6 Applications Information
3-16
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
3.6.2.1 Contrast
Contrast is a video quality that refers to how far the whitest whites are from the
blackest blacks in an analog video waveform. If the peak white is far away from
the peak black, the image is said to have high contrast. With high contrast, the
image is very pure like a black and white tile floor. If the two parameters are very
close together, the image is said to have poor, or low, contrast. With low amounts
of contrast, an image may be referred to as being washed-out. Instead of easily
recognized black portions of the image versus white parts, the image with low
contrast looks gray.
Register MY[7:0] in conjunction with register Y_ATTENUATE[2:0] controls
adjustment of contrast. Y_ATTENUATE has 8 possible values ranging from 1.0
gain (No attenuation) to 0 gain (Force Luminance to 0). Conexant recommends
inclusion of an 8-level slider to control the Contrast level. Each single movement
of the slider should reprogram this bit field to a different fractional value. Lab
testing has shown that values from ¾ gain (Y_ATTENUATE=011) to 15/16 gain
(i.e., 001) yield the crispest TV picture.
Register MY modifies the luminance multiplier allowing for a larger or
smaller luminance range. For more drastic changes in the Contrast, change MY.
For more subtle changes, shifting the Y_OFF register as the end-user moves the
slider should be sufficient.
Since the difference between contrast and brightness is usually understood by
video professionals only, Conexant recommends the designer increment or
decrement the YATTENUATE[2:0] field for either brightness or contrast
adjustments.
3.6.2.2 Saturation
Saturation is the amount of color present. For example, a lightly saturated green
looks olive-green to gray while a fully saturated green looks like the color of a
pine tree. Saturation does not mean the brightness of a color, just how much
pigment is used to make the color itself. The less pigment, the less saturated the
color is, effectively adding white to the pure color.
The amount of Saturation is controlled by the bit field named
CATTENUATE[2:0]. CATTENUATE has eight possible values ranging from 1.0
gain (No attenuation) to 0 gain (Force Chrominance to 0). Conexant recommends
inclusion of an 8-level slider to control Saturation level. Each single movement of
the slider should reprogram this bit field to a different fractional value. Lab
testing has shown that values from ¾ gain (CATTENUATE=011) to 1.0 gain (i.e.,
000) yield the crispest TV picture.
3.6.2.3 Brightness
Brightness is defined to be the intensity of the video level and refers to how much
light is emitted from the display. The amount of Brightness is controlled by the
register named Y_OFF[7:0].
Y_OFF[7:0] is a 2s complement number, such that a value of 0x00 is 0 IRE
offset, a value of 0x7F is an increase of 22.14 IRE above black level. Active video
will then be added to the offset level set by the Y_OFF value.
Since the difference between contrast and brightness is usually understood by
video professionals only, Conexant recommends the designer increment or
decrement the YATTENUATE[2:0] field for either brightness or contrast
adjustments.
Conexant
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3.6 Applications Information
3.6.2.4 Hue
Hue refers to the wavelength of the color. That means that hue is the term used to
represent the base color–red, green, magenta, yellow, and so forth. Hue is
completely separate from the intensity or the saturation of the color. For example,
a red hue could look brown at low saturation, fire-engine red at a higher level of
saturation, or pink at a high brightness level. All three colors have the same hue
however.
Occasionally, the end user may need to alter the hue. The method for adjusting
this parameter with the CX25870/871 is to program a different value to the
HUE_ADJ register. This method changes the hue in the composite and S-Video
signals for NTSC, PAL, and SECAM waveforms according to the following
equation:
Desired Phase Offset (in degrees) = [360° / 256] * (HUE_ADJ)
A slider labeled ‘HUE’ should be included in the GUI so minor alterations
(±20°) in this parameter are possible. Major alterations(>20°) in the phase offset
are not recommended since dramatic hue shifts will result in different colors than
the original.
3.6.2.5 Sharpness
Occasionally, drastic phase shifts occur at the borders of dialog boxes within
applications programs and with certain combinations of text and background
colors. This is due to the primary and secondary colors being at opposite ends of
the UV hue spectrum. The result of these phase differences is that the edges or
text look blurry to the observer.
The CX25870/871 has a bit field available named PKFIL_SEL[1:0] to
sharpen these edges so they look crisper on the television. Four choices are
available, each of which enables a different type of peaking filter. The 0 dB
(Bypass) filter is the defaulted level while gains of 1 dB, 2 dB, and 3.5 dB are also
possible.
3.6.2.6 Dot Crawl
Dot crawl refers to a specific image artifact that is the result of the NTSC
standard. When some computer generated text shows up on top of a video clip
being shown, close viewing of the TV will show some pixels or jaggies rolling up
or down the picture in the area of a dialog box’s edges. Another term for this
phenomenon is creepy-crawlies or the zipper effect.
Conexant has derived software code to minimize the dot crawl. This is not a
register or bit within the CX25870/871 but rather a complicated software
algorithm that modifies the 90-degree color subcarrier shift exhibited in four
consecutive NTSC fields. To obtain this code, file a request with your local
Conexant sales office. The algorithm/function for dot crawl should be enabled
with the NTSC Composite output only. It will have no effect for PAL or SECAM
outputs.
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CX25870/871
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3.6 Applications Information
3.6.2.7 Standard and
Adaptive Flicker Filter
Flicker occurs when the refresh rate of the video is too low. In digital encoders,
flicker can also occur when processing an image that contains many fine vertical
divisions such as lines that are only 1 or 2 lines wide. When the encoder stores,
combines (by vertically interpolating data), and converts two consecutive
incoming frames into 1 output field, portions of the image containing just a few
lines can be placed on different analog output lines. Since the position of the
output line is not equivalent from field to field, it appears to flicker at the vertical
refresh rate.
This annoying artifact can be eliminated by selecting an appropriate flicker
filter setting, one that trades off vertical resolution and text clarity against flicker
reduction. The flicker filter slider shown in Figure 3-6 modifies the F_SELY[2:0]
and F_SELC[2:0] bit fields together anytime the end-user changes the particular
level. Internal testing has shown that certain application programs such as
spreadsheets look best with more flicker filtering while others, such as games and
DVD movies, look best with less. In addition, the active resolution also affects the
amount of flicker filtering required. 640x480 and lower resolutions rarely require
a maximum flicker filter setting, whereas the 1024x768 resolution often does.
With five standard flicker filter levels available, Conexant recommends
programming the following bit values according to the slider level.
Flicker Filter Slider Level
F_SELY[2:0]
F_SELC[2:0]
Level 5 = Maximum
000 = 5 line. DIS_FFILT = 0.
011 = 4 line. DIS_FFILT = 0.
Level 4
011 = 4 line. DIS_FFILT = 0.
010 = 3 line. DIS_FFILT = 0.
Level 3
010 = 3 line. DIS_FFILT = 0.
001 = 2 line. DIS_FFILT = 0.
Level 2
001 = 2 line. DIS_FFILT = 0.
001 = 2 line. DIS_FFILT = 0.
Level 1 = Minimum
Do not care. DIS_FFILT = 1.
Do not care. DIS_FFILT = 1.
NOTE:
The optimal performance for the Standard Flicker Filter is usually
achieved by configuring F_SELC to 1 line less than F_SELY.
The CX25870/871 also has an adaptive flicker filter (i.e., Adaptive FF). This
feature is explained in section 1 of the data sheet. The recommended TV Out
Graphical User Interface allows the usage of the adaptive flicker filter only if the
box to enable it is checked. Once this is done, the ADPT_FF bit should get
set (=1).
3-18
Conexant
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On=Checked
On=Checked
On=Checked
On=Checked
On=Checked
Level 2
Level 3 = 800x600
Level 4
Level 5=Max=1024x768
ADPT FF
Level 1=Min=640x480
Adaptive Flicker Filter
Slider Level
5-line
5-line
5-line
4-line
4-line
Y ALTFF
5-line
5-line
5-line
4-line
4-line
C ALTFF
110
100
010
100
000
110
100
010
100
000
Y THRESH C THRESH
On
On
Off
Off
On
Y SELECT
Adaptive Flicker Filter Bit/Bit Field Settings
Table 3-4. CX25870 Optimal Adaptive Flicker Filter Bit Settings by Active Resolution
On
Off
On
Off
On
FFRTN
1
1
1
1
1
BYYCR
0
0
0
0
0
CHROMA
BW
80
80
80
9B
9B
Final Hex
Value
Register
0x34
F6
64
92
24
C0
Final Hex
Value
Register
0x36
CX25870/871
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Conexant
3.6 Applications Information
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CX25870/871
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3.6 Applications Information
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
When the Adaptive Flicker Filter is on, the Standard Flicker Filter continues to
work normally. Indeed, many of the lines and/or pixels will still be filtered at the
more moderate standard flicker filter level. However, as the encoder analyzes and
processes each pixel, it will periodically come across certain regions requiring a
more aggressive filter setting. For these areas only, more forceful Adaptive
Flicker Filter value is used. With the dynamic ability of the CX25870, the
end-user can enjoy an optimal TV Out environment without having to manually
adjust the amount of flicker filtering depending on his given application. The
CX25870 provides this functionality so long as the Adaptive Flicker Filter slider
and control boxes are included. When the adaptive element is turned on, an
additional five flicker reduction settings can be applied by moving the control pad
to another level.
Through testing, Conexant recommends the following bit settings get
reprogrammed according to the state of the Adaptive Flicker Filter slider.
Integrating both flicker filter sliders and the correct intelligence behind them
makes the CX25870/871 ideal for Internet browsing, DVD movie watching, or
game playing by overcoming many of the quality problems like image flicker,
illegible text, and low-definition graphics that plague other TV encoders.
3.6.2.8 Position
3-20
There are many TV manufacturers, and most models display the active picture in
a slightly different position relative to the bezel of the television itself. To allow
the end-user the ability to position the TV picture directly in the middle of his
screen, or any other reasonable location, Conexant recommends inclusion of
several Position control buttons.
There should be four directional controls included; two for horizontal
adjustment and two for vertical adjustment. For practical usage, the maximum or
limit adjustment amounts should be 25 pixels horizontally and 10 lines vertically
from the default position. Values greater than these cause a good portion of the
active region to be hidden behind the bezel of the TV thus rendering this area
useless.
From experience, Conexant recommends incrementing the graphics
controller’s HSYNC_START register by 5 pixels every time the LEFT(= ‘–’) or
RIGHT(= ‘+’) button is clicked within the GUI. Every mouse click will also
require reprogramming the CX25870/871’s H_BLANKI register so the active
data does not get chopped off on the opposite side.
Vertically, the software driver should add or subtract two lines from the prior
vertical position every time the UP(= ‘+’) or DOWN(= ‘–’) button is clicked
within the GUI. This means that the VSYNC_START register should be
increased or decreased by two lines for every vertical click by the end-user. The
corresponding modification that needs to be made to the CX25870/871 is an
add/subtract of two lines to the original value in its V_BLANKI register.
As an illustration, assume the end user clicked on the Right button once.
Internally, this action would mean that the graphics controller’s new
HSYNC_START register value needs to be {HSYNC_STARTdefault –5 pixels}.
As the timing master, this would force the controller to issue its HSYNC* digital
signal’s leading edge five pixel clock cycles earlier in time. The software engineer
also must add five pixels to the controller’s HSYNC_END register to maintain the
original HSYNC* pulse duration (8–20 pixels is common). Finally, within the
CX25870/871, the H_BLANKI[9:0] register must be increased by five pixels so
the encoder can accommodate the five extra pixels of blanking to start each line
and still display the original active portion of the line.
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
3.0 PC Board Considerations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
3.6 Applications Information
Now, assume the end-user clicked on the Down button once. This action
dictates that more blanking will exist before the active region is displayed. This
operation requires decrementing the graphics controller’s new VSYNC_START
register value to (VSYNC_STARTdefault - 5 lines). As the timing master, this
would force the controller to issue its VSYNC* digital signal’s leading edge five
lines earlier in time than before. The software engineer must also subtract five
lines to the controller’s VSYNC_END register to maintain the same VSYNC*
pulse duration (nominally two-to-six lines). Within the encoder, the
V_BLANKI[7:0] register must be incremented by 5 lines so the encoder can
accommodate the five more lines of blanking required to start the field and still
display the original active area of the frame.
For an explanation of the Left and Up buttons, simply apply the opposite
offsets to the values explained for the Right and Down operations. Remember that
SYNC_START/END always works in the opposite direction of picture
movement. If the Position control works correctly, the end user should see a
gradual change to either the X and Y position of the active image after each
corresponding mouse click.
3.6.2.9 Size
100381B
This control pad is used by the end-user to change the active X and Y dimensions
of the TV Out picture. This is done by modifying the amount of horizontal (X
dimension) and vertical (Y dimension) overscan compensation. Ideally, there
should be four directional controls included: two for horizontal adjustment and
two for vertical adjustment. For practical usage, the maximum amounts of
Horizontal Overscan Compensation (HOC) and Vertical Overscan Compensation
(VOC) should be limited to 25 percent (or three mouse clicks in any direction).
The minimal amounts of HOC and VOC should be capped at 10 percent since
percentages smaller than this often make the TV image so large that all edges are
behind the bezel of the TV, rendering the outer regions of the Windows desktop
useless.
Based on testing, Conexant recommends changing the HOC percentage by ~ 3
percent from its previous value for each‘+ or – horizontal mouse click within the
GUI. The + symbol denotes a larger picture size in that direction (and a decrease
in the amount of horizontal blanking or HOC percent) and a - sign corresponds to
smaller picture size.
In addition, TV Out software designers should vary the VOC percentage by ~
3 percent from its previous value for each + or – vertical mouse click within the
GUI. The + symbol denotes a larger picture size in that direction and a – sign
corresponds to smaller picture size (and an increase in the amount of vertical
blanking or VOC percent).
The overscan percentages horizontally and vertically are independent of each
other. However, the TV Out picture looks best when HOC and VOC are equal or
within 2 percent of each other. Having realized this fact, Conexant has
incorporated many autoconfiguration modes that have a minimal difference (i.e.,
Delta) between the HOC and VOC ratios.
Conexant
3-21
CX25870/871
3.0 PC Board Considerations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
3.6 Applications Information
The autoconfiguration modes for the CX25870/871 that pertain to the desktop
resolutions are summarized in Figures 3-5 through 3-12.
Figure 3-7. CX25870/871 Autoconfiguration Modes for 640x480 RGB In, NTSC Out
Desktop Resolutions
(# of Logical Clicks)
0
–1
Decrease Vert. Vertically Const.
+1
640 x 480 RGB in, NTSC out
Increase Vert.
VOC
Autoconfig.
Mode #0
13.78 %
13.58 %
Autoconfig.
Mode #32
18.34 %
19.34 %
–1
0
+1
Decrease Horiz.
Horizontally Constant
Increase Horiz.
HOC
100381_077
Figure 3-8. CX25870/871 Autoconfiguration Modes for 640x480 RGB In, PAL-BDGHI Out
Desktop Resolutions
(# of Logical Clicks)
VOC
640 x 480 RGB in, PAL-BDGHI out
Autoconfig.
Mode #17
+1
13.63 %
13.19 %
Autoconfig.
Mode #1
0
16.55 %
16.66 %
Autoconfig.
Mode #33
–1
20.27 %
19.79 %
–1
0
+1
HOC
(# of Logical Clicks)
100381_078
3-22
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
3.0 PC Board Considerations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
3.6 Applications Information
Figure 3-9. CX25870/871 Autoconfiguration Modes for 800 x 600 RGB In, NTSC Out
Desktop Resolutions
(# of Logical Clicks)
VOC
800 x 600 RGB in, NTSC out
Autoconfig.
Mode #2
Autoconfig.
Mode #18
21.62 %
11.52 %
13.79 %
13.58 %
+1
Autoconfig.
Mode #40
0
15.59 %
15.65 %
Autoconfig.
Mode #34
–1
19.26 %
19.34 %
–1
0
+1
HOC
(# of Logical Clicks)
100381_079
Figure 3-10. CX25870/871 Autoconfiguration Modes for 800 x 600 RGB In, PAL-BDGHI
Out Desktop Resolutions
(# of Logical Clicks)
VOC
800 x 600 RGB in, PAL-BDGHI out
Autoconfig.
Mode #3
+1
14.52 %
13.19 %
Autoconfig.
Mode #19
0
16.42 %
15.97 %
Autoconfig.
Mode #35
–1
19.03 %
18.40 %
–1
0
+1
HOC
(# of Logical Clicks)
100381_080
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3.0 PC Board Considerations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
3.6 Applications Information
Figure 3-11. CX25870/871 Autoconfiguration Modes for 1024 x 768 RGB In, NTSC Out
Desktop Resolutions
(# of Logical Clicks)
0
–1
Decrease Vert. Vertically Const.
+1
1024 x 768 RGB in, NTSC out
Increase Vert.
VOC
Autoconfig.
Mode #26
11.97 %
11.93 %
Autoconfig.
Mode #10
15.11 %
14.81 %
Autoconfig.
Mode #42
18.04 %
18.11 %
–1
0
+1
Decrease Horiz.
Horizontally Constant
Increase Horiz.
HOC
100381_081
Figure 3-12. CX25870/871 Autoconfiguration Modes for 1024 x 768 RGB In, PAL-BDGHI
Out Desktop Resolutions
(# of Logical Clicks)
VOC
1024 x 768 RGB in, PAL-BDGHI out
+1
Autoconfig.
Mode #11
0
13.44 %
14.24 %
Autoconfig.
Mode #43
–1
16.20 %
16.67 %
–1
0
+1
HOC
(# of Logical Clicks)
100381_082
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CX25870/871
3.0 PC Board Considerations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
3.6 Applications Information
Customers are urged to enable the autoconfiguration mode that is in the
middle of each chart as the default Size for each active resolution. To accomplish
this, the encoder’s CONFIG[5:0] bit field must be programmed to the desired
mode. In addition, the graphics controller’s HTOTAL register must be
programmed to match the CX25870/871’s H_CLKI[10:0] value, and VTOTAL
register must be programmed to match the CX25870/871’s V_LINESI[10:0]
value. Other minor modifications may be necessary. The specific procedure to
follow to enable different overscan ratios is explained in an application note titled
Supporting TV Out with Non-Standard Graphics Input Resolutions. Request this
document from your local Conexant Sales representative for help on the Size
video adjustment.
A simpler alternative to independent horizontal and vertical size buttons is to
replace the directional control pad with a slider. This slider would only have 3 tick
marks and would cycle through the different sizes available based on the
autoconfiguration modes that exist for the specific desktop resolution and video
output type. This concept is illustrated in Figure 3-13.
Figure 3-13. Direction-less Size Control Pad
The slider would alter the horizontal and vertical size of the TV picture
simultaneously by changing the overscan percentages by the same amount. Size
control should only be effective for desktop resolutions such as 640x480,
800x600, and 1024x768. Nonstandard resolutions should choose a single size
with a moderate amount of overscan compensation (HOC/VOC = 11 percent–16
percent) and not allow the end-user to deviate from this choice by graying out the
Size slider.
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3.0 PC Board Considerations
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3.6 Applications Information
3.6.3 System Block Diagrams
The CX25870/871 can be designed into any system that requires analog standard
definition television outputs (NTSC/PAL/SECAM/SCART) or high definition
television outputs (YPBPR/HD RGB) based on a digital RGB or YCrCb set of
inputs.
The following system block diagrams are meant to illustrate several common
applications which presently utilize the CX25870/871 encoder.
Figure 3-14. System Block Diagram for Desktop/Portable PC with TV Out
Intel Pentium III™
or AMD K7™
Series CPU
Analog RGB
AGP
Bus
AGP
Graphics
Controller
Control
Address
Data
Memory
Bus
VGA Monitor
DIMM*2
North Bridge
Core Logic
CLKs
CX25871
or
Bt869
NTSC/PAL/SECAM
Television or HDTV
CPU CLK
Digital RGB
or YCrCB
Pixels
Core Logic
CLK #1
Clock
Generator
Conexant VGA Encoder
Core Logic CLK #2
PCI Bus
SMBus
IEEE 1394
Host
Controller
PCI/Legacy
Audio
Controller
Parallel Port
PCI CardBus
PC Controller
PCI Riser
Device
Serial Port
IDE
AC '97
South Bridge
Core Logic
FDD i-f
USB Ports
ATA 33/066
CODEC
PCMCIA
Socket
BIOS
Flash ROM
GPIO
ACPI
Lin IN
Lin OUT
Mic IN
100381_099
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3.0 PC Board Considerations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
3.6 Applications Information
Figure 3-15. System Block Diagram for Graphics Card with TV Out
AGP
Graphics
Controller
Analog RGB
Graphics
BIOS
Flash ROM
Analog
RGB
SYNC*s
and
BLANK*
CLKs
VGA Monitor
SGRAM*8
or SDRAM*8
Digital RGB
or
YCrCB Pixels
Voltage
Regulator
CX25871
or
Bt869
NTSC/PAL/SECAM
Television or HDTV
DAC
Outputs
Conexant VGA Encoder
AGP Bus
100381_100
3.6.4 Electrostatic Discharge and Latchup Considerations
Correct electrostatic discharge (ESD)-sensitive handling procedures are required
to prevent device damage. Device damage can produce symptoms of catastrophic
failure or erratic device behavior with leaky inputs.
All logic inputs should be held low until power to the device has settled to the
specified tolerance. DAC power decoupling networks with large time constants
should be avoided; they could delay VAA and VDD power to the device. Ferrite
beads must be used only for analog power VAA decoupling. Inductors cause a
time-constant delay that induces latchup, and should not be substituted for a
ferrite bead.
Latchup can be prevented by ensuring that all VAA and VDD pins are at the
same potential and by forcing all AGND and VSS pins to be at the same potential.
The VAA and VDD supply voltage must be applied before the signal pin voltages.
The correct power-up sequence ensures that any signal pin voltage will never
exceed the power supply voltage.
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3.0 PC Board Considerations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
3.6 Applications Information
3.6.5 Clock and Subcarrier Stability
The color subcarrier frequency is derived directly from the XTALIN/XTALOUT
ports when EN_XCLK=0. The color subcarrier frequency is derived directly from
the main clock input, CLKI, when EN_XCLK=1 (slave interface). In either case
any jitter or frequency deviation from 13.500 MHz (XTALIN/XTALOUT) or the
CLKI (slave interface) rate will be transferred directly to the color subcarrier.
Jitter within the valid clock cycle interval will result in hue noise on the color
subcarrier on the order of 0.9–1.6 degrees per nanosecond. Random hue noise can
result in degradation in the AM/PM noise ratio (typically around 40 dB for
consumer media such as Videodiscs and VCRs). Periodic or coherent hue noise
can result in differential phase error (which is limited to 10 degrees by FCC cable
TV standards).
Any frequency deviation of CLKI from the transmitted clock (i.e., CLKO)
will challenge the subcarrier tracking capability of the destination receiver. This
may range from a few parts-per-million (ppm) for broadcast equipment, to 100
ppm for industrial equipment and to >100 ppm for consumer equipment. Greater
subcarrier tracking range generally results in poorer subcarrier decoding dynamic
range. So, receivers that tolerate jitter and wide subcarrier frequency deviation
will introduce more noise in the decoded image. Crystal-based clock sources with
a maximum total deviation of 50 ppm (NTSC) or 25 ppm (PAL, SECAM) across
the temperature range of 0 °C to 70 °C produce the best results for consumer and
industrial applications. In rare cases, temperature-compensated clock sources
with tighter tolerances may be warranted for broadcast or more stringent PAL
(e.g., type I) applications.
Some applications call for maintaining correct Subcarrier-Horizontal (SC-H)
phasing for correct color framing. This requires subcarrier coherence within
specified tolerances over a four-field interval for 525-line systems or 8 fields for
625-line systems. Any clock interruption (even during vertical blanking interval)
which results in mis-registration of the CLKI input or nonstandard pixel counts
per line, can result in SC-H excursions outside the NTSC limit of ±40 degrees
(reference EIA RS170A) or the PAL limit of ±20 degrees (reference EBU
D23-1984).
In slave interface, any deviation exceeding the 50 ppm (NTSC) or 25 ppm
(PAL, SECAM) limits of the number clock cycles between HSYNC* falling
edges may result in a switch to Master Mode.
A list of recommended crystals and crystal vendors is contained in
Appendix B.
3-28
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3.0 PC Board Considerations
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3.6 Applications Information
3.6.6 Filtering Radio Frequency Modulator Connection
The CX25870/871 internal upsampling filter alleviates external filtering
requirements by moving significant sampling alias components above 19 MHz
and reducing the sinx/x aperture loss up to the filter’s passband cutoff of
5.75 MHz. While typical chrominance subcarrier decoders can handle the
CX25870/871 output signals without analog filtering, the higher frequency alias
products pose some EMI concerns and may create troublesome images when
introduced to a radio frequency (RF) modulator. When the video is presented to
an RF modulator, it should be free of energy in the region of the aural subcarrier
(4.5 MHz for NTSC, 5.5–6.5 MHz for PAL). Hence some additional frequency
traps may be necessary when the video signal contains fundamental or harmonic
energy (as from unfiltered character generators) in that region. Where better
frequency response flatness is required, some peaking in the analog filter is
appropriate to compensate for residual digital filter losses with sufficient margin
to tolerate 10 percent reactive components.
A three-pole elliptic filter (one inductor, three capacitors) with a 6.75 MHz
passband can provide at least 45 dB attenuation (including sinx/x loss) of
frequency components above 20 MHz and provide some flexibility for mild
peaking or special traps. An inductor value with a self-resonant frequency above
80 MHz is chosen so that its intrinsic capacitance contributes less than 10 percent
of the total effective circuit value. The inductor itself may induce 1 percent
(0.1 dB) loss. Any additional ferrites introduced for EMI control should have less
than 5 Ω impedance below 5 MHz to minimize additional losses. The capacitor to
ground at the CX25870/871 output pin is compensating for the parasitic
capacitance of the chip plus any protection diodes and lumped circuit traces
(about 22 pF + 5 pF/diode). Some filter peaking can be accomplished by splitting
the 75 Ω source impedance across the reactive PI filter network. However, this
will also introduce some chrominance-luminance delay distortion in the range of
10–20 ns for a maximum of 0.5 dB boost at the subcarrier frequency.
The filter network feeding an RF modulator may include the aforementioned
trap, which could take two forms depending on the depth of attenuation and type
of resonator device employed.
The trap circuitry can interact with the low-pass filter, compromising
frequency response flatness. A simple PNP buffer can preserve the benefits of an
oversampling encoder when simultaneous Composite Video Baseband Signals
(CVBS) are required for driving external cables. In addition, an active video
buffer, serves to isolate the RF modulator signal amplitude from anomalies in the
external termination. This buffer can be implemented with a transistor array or
video amplify IC which provides a gain of two (before series termination),
capable of driving 740 µA into the 75 Ω destination, and is biased within its
input/output compliance range. When simultaneous Y/C (s-video) outputs are not
required, a second CVBS signal can be created (with a 600 mV sync to tip offset)
by tying these pins together with a single termination resistor (typically 75 Ω) and
driving the low-pass filter circuit.
The RF modulator typically has a high input impedance (about 1 k Ω ±30
percent) and loose tolerance. Consequently, the amplitude variation at the
modulator input will be greater, especially when the trap is properly terminated at
the modulator input for maximum effect. Some modulators, video or aural
fidelity, degrade dramatically when overdriven, so the value of the effective
termination (nominally 37.5 Ω) may need to be adjusted downward to maintain
sufficient linearity (or depth of modulation margin) in the RF signal.
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CX25870/871
3.0 PC Board Considerations
3.6 Applications Information
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
A two-section trap (with associated inductor) may be warranted to achieve
better than 20 dB attenuation when stereo, SAP, or AM aural carriers are
generated, or when >40 dB audio dynamic range is desired. Some impedance
isolation (e.g., buffer) may be required before the trap to obtain the flattest
frequency response.
3-30
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CX25870/871
3.0 PC Board Considerations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
3.7 CX870EVK Evaluation Kit
3.7 CX870EVK Evaluation Kit
A new reference design kit is available now to facilitate implementation of
Conexant’s VGA encoder into a graphics subsystem. This kit is called the
GeForce2 MX-400 CX870EVK and can be obtained through your local Conexant
Systems sales office.
The new CX25870 Evaluation Kit uses the NVidia P36 model reference
design AGP card, containing the popular NVidia GeForce2 MX-400™
graphics-processing unit (GPU), as a high-performance data master to provide
digital data to the CX25870 PC video encoder. The Conexant device has been
mounted directly on this graphics card along with all necessary passive
components (resistors, capacitors, inductors, video connectors, etc.) to ensure
proper device operation. This two-chip combination is controlled by a set of
drivers for the graphics accelerator written by NVidia and a separate Windows
program called Super Cockpit created by Conexant that allows direct
manipulation of the encoder device by circumventing the driver software. All the
necessary documents and cables have been within the kit as well. The
multipronged DV-H cable from JIC USA is included with the kit and will be
necessary for viewing of HDTV, 480i Component Video Out, S-Video,
Composite, and any other TV output from the CX25870 encoder.
To obtain the necessary CX870EVK software, find a PC with Internet access
and visit the CX25870 https://site. For the site address, username, and password,
contact your local Conexant Systems sales office. Once you have been given user
identification information, you can download the GeForce2 MX-400 CX870EVK
instruction manual, Super Cockpit, test images, and other pertinent software.
The CX870EVK was designed to be both a demonstration unit and
development unit depending on a customer’s needs. For demonstration purposes,
many script files have been created and will be automatically extracted and
placed into a /ScriptFiles subdirectory under the CX870EVK’s main directory. To
execute a script file, launch a DOS-BOX, type the desired script filename
(without the extension) on the command line, and then press the <ENTER> key.
After execution, the script file will have configured both the CX25870 encoder
and the GeForce2 MX-400 graphics controller to a specific mode in terms of
resolution and video output. This is the most effective method for achieving the
optimal TV Out picture quickly.
For development purposes, several new pages have been added to Super
Cockput including the handy Clipboard pages which allow the end-user to try out
register values and restore them if the result is not desirable. All registers can be
read from as well—an improvement over the Bt868/9. Write access to all the new
bits and registers found within the CX25870 are also possible. Note that the
GeForce2 MX-400 controller supports the CX25870 in a pseudo-master
interface. As a result, HDTV YPRPB Output is possible with the GeForce2
MX-400 CX870EVK kit.
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3.7 CX870EVK Evaluation Kit
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
In addition, the ability to switch between the most popular desktop resolutions
(640x480, 800x600, and 1024x768) and video output types
(NTSC/PAL/SECAM) is much simpler now than with the original Bt868EVK.
Finally, sliders commonly found on TV Out Display Properties pages such as
brightness, contrast, saturation, flicker filtering and hue have been integrated into
the Super Cockpit application itself on the Display page. Users are encouraged to
manipulate these controls to achieve their desired TV outputs and save the
encoder settings for future usage.
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3.8 Serial Interface
3.8 Serial Interface
3.8.1 Data Transfer on the Serial Interface Bus
Figure 3-16 illustrates the relationship between SID (Serial Interface Data) and
SIC (Serial Interface Clock) to be used when programming the internal registers
via the Serial Interface bus. If the bus is not being used, both SID and SIC lines
must be left high.
Every byte put onto the SID line should be 8 bits long (MSB first), followed
by an acknowledge bit, which is generated by the receiving device. Each data
transfer is initiated with a start condition and ended with a stop condition. The
first byte after a start condition is always the slave device address byte. If this is
the device’s own address, the device will generate an acknowledge by pulling the
SID line low during the ninth clock pulse, then accept the data in subsequent
bytes (auto-incrementing the subaddress) until another stop condition is detected.
The eighth bit of the address byte is the read/write bit (high = read from
addressed device; low = write to the addressed device). Data bytes are always
acknowledged during the ninth clock pulse by the addressed device.
NOTE:
During the acknowledge period, the transmitting device must leave the SID
line high.
Premature termination of the data transfer is allowed by generating a stop
condition at any time. When this happens, the CX25870/871 will remain in the
state defined by the last complete data byte transmitted and any master
acknowledge subsequent to reading the chip ID (subaddress 0x89 if ALTADDR
pin is 0) is ignored.
The maximum serial interface speed for the CX25870/871 is 400 kHz.
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3.0 PC Board Considerations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
3.8 Serial Interface
Figure 3-16. SID/SIC Serial Programming Diagram
Subsequent Bytes and Acknowledge
Interpreted as Data Values for
Auto-Incrementing Subaddress Locations
SIC
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
(1)
Slave
Main Address
(XX)
(1)
Subaddress
(XX)
(2)
(1)
Data
(XX)
Stop Condition
Start Condition
MSB
SID
2
LSB
1
(2)
NOTE(S):
(1) ACK = Acknowledge generated by CX25870/871.
(2) Conditions generated by master device.
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4
4.0 Parametric Information
4.1 DC Electrical Parameters
DC electrical parameters are defined in Tables 4-1 through 4-3. AC electrical
parameters are defined in Table 4-4. Figures 4-1 through 4-10 provide timing
diagrams.
Table 4-1. Recommended Operating Condition
Parameter
Symbol
Min
Typical
Max
Units
Power Supply
VAA, VDD
3.15
3.30
3.45
V
Serial Input Supply (CX25870/871’s serial bus
always operates at 3.3 V.)
VDD_SI
3.15
3.30
3.45
V
Low Voltage Supply (For interface to 1.8 V
master)
VDDL, VDD_CO
1.71
1.80
1.89
V
Low Voltage Supply (For interface to 1.5 V
master)
VDDL, VDD_CO
1.425
1.50
1.575
V
Low Voltage Supply (For interface to 1.3 V
master)
VDDL, VDD_CO
1.235
1.30
1.365
V
Low Voltage Supply (For interface to 1.1 V
master)
VDDL, VDD_CO
1.045
1.10
1.155
V
Voltage Supply (For interface to 3.3 V master)
VDDL, VDD_CO
3.15
3.30
3.45
V
Ambient Operating Temperature
TA
0
70
°C
Total DAC Terminated Load
RTERM
Nominal RSET
RSET
100381B
—
—
74.25
Conexant
37.5
75.0
—
75.75
Ω
Ω
4-1
CX25870/871
4.0 Parametric Information
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
4.1 DC Electrical Parameters
Table 4-2. Absolute Maximum Rating
Parameter
Symbol
Min
Typ
VAA, VDD (measured to GND)
—
—
—
7.0
V
VDD_SI (measured to GND)
—
—
—
7.0
V
Voltage on Any Signal Pin (1)
—
GND –0.5
VDD_SI+ 0.5
V
Analog Output Short Circuit Duration to Any
Power Supply or Common Ground
ISC
—
Storage Temperature
TS
Junction Temperature
TJ
Vapor Phase Soldering (1 Minute)
Thermal Resistance of Package
Units
Unlimited
Sec
—
+150
°C
—
—
+125
°C
TVSOL
—
—
220
°C
θJA
—
38.5
–65
—
Max
—
°C/W
NOTE(S):
1. This device employs high-impedance CMOS circuitry on all signal pins. It should be handled as an ESD-sensitive device.
Voltage on any signal pin that exceeds the power supply or ground voltage by more than 0.5 V can cause destructive latchup.
2. Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” can cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress
rating only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational
sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods can affect
device reliability.
4-2
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
4.0 Parametric Information
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
4.1 DC Electrical Parameters
Table 4-3. DC Characteristics for CX25870/871
Parameter
Symbol
Min
Typical
Max
Units
Video D/A Resolution
—
10
10
10
Bits
Output Current-DAC Code 1023 (Iout Full
Scale)
—
—
34.13
—
mA
Output Voltage-DAC Code 1023
—
—
1.28
—
V
Video Level Error (Nominal Resistors)
—
—
—
5
%
Output Capacitance (of DAC output)
—
—
22
—
pF
Input High Voltage @ 3.3 V (Normal
Operation)
VIH
2.0
—
VDD + 0.5
V
Input High Voltage @ 1.8 V (Low voltage pins
only)
VIH
1.0
—
VDDL + 0.5
V
Input High Voltage @ 1.1 V (Low voltage pins
only)
VIH
0.7
—
VDDL + 0.5
V
Input Low Voltage @ 3.3 V (Normal Operation)
VIL
GND–0.5
—
0.8
V
Input Low Voltage @ 1.8 V (Low voltage pins
only)
VIL
GND – 0.5
—
0.45
V
Input Low Voltage @ 1.1 V (Low voltage pins
only)
VIL
GND – 0.5
—
0.2
V
Input High Current (Vin = 2.4 V)
IIH
—
—
1
µA
Input Low Current (Vin = 0.4 V)
IIL
—
—
–1
µA
Input Capacitance (f =1 MHz, Vin = 2.4 V)
CIN
—
7
—
pF
Input High Voltage (SIC, SID)
VIH
0.7* VDD
—
VDD + 0.5
V
Input Low Voltage (SIC, SID)
VIL
GND – 0.5
—
0.3 * VDD
V
Input High Voltage (CLKI)
VIH
2.4
—
VDD_I + 0.5
V
Input Low Voltage (CLKI)
VIL
GND – 0.5
—
0.8
V
Output High Voltage (IOH = –400 µA)
VOH
2.4
—
VDD
V
Output Low Voltage (IOL = 3.2 mA)
VOL
GND
—
0.4
V
Three-State Current
IOZ
—
—
50
µA
Output Capacitance
CDOUT
—
10
—
pF
NOTE(S): The above parameters are guaranteed over the full temperature range (0 °C to 70 °C), temperature coefficients are not
specified or required. Typical values are based on nominal temperature, i.e., room temperature, and nominal voltage, i.e., 3.3 V.
100381B
Conexant
4-3
CX25870/871
4.0 Parametric Information
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
4.2 AC Electrical Parameters
4.2 AC Electrical Parameters
Table 4-4. AC Characteristics for CX25870/871 (1 of 3)
EIA/TIA 250C
Ref
CCIR
567
Symbol
Min
Typical
Max
Units
Hue Accuracy(2)
—
—
—
1.05
1.45
1.64
deg p–p
Chroma Amplitude Accuracy(2)
—
—
—
0.42
1.15
1.64
% p–p
Parameter
Chroma AM Noise
1 MHz Red
Field
—
—
–65.70
–64.90
–62.40
dB rms
Chroma PM Noise
1 MHz Red
Field
—
—
–54.40
–50.70
–47.90
dB rms
Differential Gain
6.2.2.1
C3.4.1.3
—
0.26
0.5
0.7
% p–p
Differential Phase
6.2.2.2
C3.4.1.4
—
0.64
0.71
1.19
deg p–p
RMS SNR (Unweighted 100
IRE Y Ramp Tilt Correct)
6.3.1
—
—
–53.70
–51.04
–46.9
dB rms
Peak Periodic SNR @ 3.58
MHz
6.3.2
—
—
–82.7
–79.2
–73.4
dB p–p
100 IRE Multiburst
6.1.1
—
—
101.9
103.5
105.4
IRE
Multiburst @ 0.50 MHz
—
—
—
–0.15
–0.1
–0.06
dB
Multiburst @ 1.25 MHz
—
—
—
–0.27
–0.21
–0.16
dB
Multiburst @ 2.00 MHz
—
—
—
–0.45
–0.36
–0.31
dB
Multiburst @ 3.00 MHz
—
—
—
–0.73
–0.61
–0.54
dB
Multiburst @ 3.58 MHz
—
—
—
–0.88
–0.74
–0.66
dB
Multiburst @ 4.05 MHz
—
—
—
–1.03
–0.89
–0.81
dB
Chroma/Luma Gain Ineq
6.1.2.2
C3.5.3.1
—
94.8
96.2
97.1
%
Chroma/Luma Delay Ineq
6.1.2
C3.5.3.2
—
–7.00
–3.04
–0.20
ns
Short Time Distortion
100 IRE/PIXEL rising edge
6.1.6
—
—
1.70
1.79
2.0
%
Luminance Nonlinearity
6.2.1
—
—
0.20
0.82
1.5
% p–p
Chroma/Luma Intermod
6.2.3
—
—
0.00
0.28
0.5
%
Chroma Nonlinear Gain
6.2.4.1
—
—
–1.9
–1.59
–1.30
%
Chroma Nonlinear Phase
6.2.4.2
—
—
0.10
0.53
1.30
deg
Pixel/Control Setup Time
(SETUP_HOLD_ADJ bit = 0)
—
—
1
3
—
—
ns
Pixel/Control Setup Time
(SETUP_HOLD_ADJ bit = 1)
—
—
1
1.25
—
—
ns
4-4
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
4.0 Parametric Information
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
4.2 AC Electrical Parameters
Table 4-4. AC Characteristics for CX25870/871 (2 of 3)
EIA/TIA 250C
Ref
CCIR
567
Symbol
Min
Typical
Max
Units
Pixel/Control Hold Time
(SETUP_HOLD_ADJ bit = 0)
—
—
2
0
—
—
ns
Pixel/Control Hold Time
(SETUP_HOLD_ADJ bit = 1)
—
—
2
1.5
—
—
ns
Control Output Delay Time(4)
—
—
3
—
—
10.0
ns
Control Output Hold Time(4)
—
—
4
2
—
CLKI/O Frequency (standard
mode)
—
—
—
—
—
53.333
3
MHz
CLKI/O Pulse Width Low Duty
Cycle(3)
—
—
—
40
50
60
%
CLKI/O Pulse Width High Duty
Cycle(3)
—
—
—
40
50
60
%
CLKO to CLKI Delay
—
—
7
—
—
0.8
CLKO
cycles
SLAVE to HSYNC*/VSYNC*
Three-state(3)
—
—
5
2
—
—
CLKI
cycles
SLAVE to HSYNC*/VSYNC*
Active(3)
—
—
6
—
—
2
CLKI
cycles
VAA Supply Current (minimum
3 DACS on)(8)
—
—
—
—
190
—
mA
VDD Supply Current
(minimum 3 DACS on)(8)
—
—
—
—
220
—
mA
Total Supply Current
(minimum 3 DACS on)(8)
—
—
—
—
410
—
mA
Power-Down Current
—
—
—
—
3(7)
—
mA
Power-Down Current (need a
Hardware RESET to bring the
part up)
—
—
—
—
1.5(6)
—
mA
Parameter
100381B
Conexant
ns
4-5
CX25870/871
4.0 Parametric Information
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
4.2 AC Electrical Parameters
Table 4-4. AC Characteristics for CX25870/871 (3 of 3)
HDTV Output Timing Characteristics: 1080i (see Figure 4-9)
Parameter
Symbol
Min
Typical
Max
Units
Lowsync width
α
—
598.8
—
ns
Start of line to end of active video
β
—
28.385
—
µs
Highsync width
χ
—
598.8
—
ns
Rising edge of sync to start of broad pulse
δ
—
1.796
—
µs
Start of line to start of active video
ε
—
2.588
—
µs
Sync rise time
φ
—
54.5
—
ns
Total line time
—
—
29.685
—
µs
Active line time
—
—
25.778
—
µs
HDTV Output Timing Characteristics: 720p (see Figure 4-10)
Parameter
Symbol
Min
Lowsync width
a
—
Start of line to end of active video
b
High sync width
Typical
Max
Units
548
—
ns
—
20.54
—
µs
c
—
548
—
ns
Rising edge of sync to start of broad pulse
d
—
3.53
—
µs
Rising edge of sync to start of active video
e
—
3.53
—
µs
Sync rise time
—
—
54.7
—
ns
Total line time
—
—
22.2
—
µs
Active line time
—
—
17.16
—
µs
NOTE(S):
1. Guaranteed by characterization; NTSC output, no vertical or horizontal scaling. Flicker Filter and other internal low-pass filters
bypassed, and contrast, brightness, saturation levels set to full scale.
(2) 100/7.5/100/7.5 Color bars normalized to burst.
(3)
Guaranteed by design.
(4) Control pins are defined as: BLANK*, HSYNC*, VSYNC*, FIELD, CLKO, CLKI, RESET*, PAL, and SLAVE.
(5) DAC output load < 75 pF. HSYNC*, VSYNC*, BLANK*, and FIELD output load < 75 pF. As the above parameters are
guaranteed over the full temperature range, temperature coefficients are not specified or required. Typical values are based on
nominal temperature, i.e., room temperature, and nominal voltage, i.e., 3.3 V.
(6) There are numerous power-down options. This value was determined by setting SLEEP_EN, DIS_CLKI, DIS_CLKO, BY_PLL,
XTL_BFO_DIS, XTAL_PAD_DIS bits and pulling the SLEEP pin high.
(7) This value was determined by setting BY_PLL, SLEEP_ED, DIS_CLKI, DIS_CLKO, XTAL_BFO_DIS bits.
(8) To ensure that the encoder performance falls within DC and AC electrical limits, no more than one DAC should be disabled at
any time.
4-6
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
4.0 Parametric Information
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
4.2 AC Electrical Parameters
Figure 4-1. Timing Details for All Interfaces
CLKO
7
CLKI
P[23:0]
1
2
1
2
HSYNC*,VSYNC*,
BLANK* (Input)
2
1
CLKI
(Internal
Clock Source)
HSYNC*,VSYNC*
BLANK* (Output)
2.4 V
.8 V
4
3
SLAVE
6
5
HSYNC*,VSYNC*
100381_022
100381B
Conexant
4-7
CX25870/871
4.0 Parametric Information
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
4.2 AC Electrical Parameters
Figure 4-2. Master Interface Timing Relationship/Noninterlaced RGB/YCrCb Input
CLKI
P[11:0]
(Mux Mode)
POL POH P1L P1H P2L P2H
PnH
H_BLANKI - 3
P[23:0]
(NonMux Mode)
P0
P1
P2
Pn
BLANK*
(Input)
CLKO
HSYNC*
(Output)
Internal
Sample
Counter
VSYNC*
(Output)
Internal
Line
Counter
Sample
Sample
H_Blank_1 H_Blank_2
Line 1
Sample
H_Blank
Line V_BLANK1 +1
BLANK*
(Output)
100381_023
4-8
Conexant
100381B
100381B
Conexant
Many clks
R7-0
G-lo
R7-0
G-lo
3 ns.
Minimum
B7-0
G-up
B7-0
G-up
R7-0
G-lo
B7-0
G-up
R7-0
G-lo
B7-0
G-up
R7-0
G-lo
B7-0
G-up
R7-0
G-lo
B7-0
G-up
[P11 - P0]
..
BLANK*
(Optional
Input)
VSYNC*
(Input)
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
NOTE(S):
1. The leading edge pixel data (R pixel + G4, G3, G2, and G0 in the 24-bit RGB multiplexed case) and trailing edge pixel data (B pixel + G7,
G6, G5, and G1) is clocked in on the rising and falling edge of CLKI, respectively.
2. The CX25870's HSYNCI and VSYNCI bits (register 0 x C6) must be set to 0 (=DEFAULT) in these timing diagrams. This configures the
CX25870 to check for active low signals on the HSYNC* and VSYNC* pins from the graphics controller.
3. The {R[7:0], G4, G3, G2, and G0} - {B[7:0], G7, G6, G5, and G1} sequence begins with rising edge of BLANK* or the H_BLANKI[9:0]
pixel count.
4. The clock frequency (i.e., CLKI) transmitted by the graphics controller must not deviate 25 pPM from the CLKO frequency sent by the
CX25870/871. The CX25870 is the timing slave device to the Graphics Controller in pseudo-master interface.
5. 24-bit RGB multiplexed input format is illustrated in this diagram. It is assumed CX25870's IN_MODE[3:0] bits = 0000.
H_BLANKI[9:0]
Minimum 2 CLKs
HSYNC*
(Input)
CLKI
CX25870/871
4.0 Parametric Information
4.2 AC Electrical Parameters
Figure 4-3. Pseudo-Master Interface Timing Relationship – Active Line/Noninterlaced RGB Input
100381_058
4-9
4-10
V_BLANKI[7:0]
Many Lines
Start of
Active Video
Conexant
NOTE(S):
1. For noninterlaced data transmission, to start each frame, the leading edge of HSYNC* and the leading edge of VSYNC* must be
coincident (within 1 CLKI clock cycle). The location of these signals' respective trailing edges is not important relative to each other.
2. The duration of the HSYNC* pulse MUST be at least 2 complete CLKI cycles. The duration of the VSYNC* pulse MUST be a minimum
of 2 CLKI cycles as well. It is acceptable for the HSYNC* to remain low for longer than 2 CLKI cycles but the signal's rising edge
must be received by the CX25870 at least 1 pixel before the next HSYNC* falling edge which denotes the start of the next line. Likewise,
VSYNC* can stay low for much longer than 2 CLKI cycles but the signal's rising edge must be received by the CX870 at least 1 complete
line before the next VSYNC* falling edge which denotes the start of the next frame.
3. If a BLANK* signal is not used as part of the physical interface to a graphics controller, then the CX25870's H_BLANK[9:0] and
V_BLANKI[7:0] registers must be programmed with values equivalent to the correct amount of horizontal pixel blanking and vertical line
blanking from the master.
Many Lines
4.2 AC Electrical Parameters
[P11 - P0]
BLANK*
(Optional Input)
VSYNC*
(Input)
Minimum 2 CLKs
3 ns.
Minimum
HSYNC*
(Input)
Minimum 2 CLKs
CLKI
4.0 Parametric Information
CX25870/871
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Figure 4-4. Pseudo-Master Timing Relationship Blank Line/Noninterlaced RGB/YCrCb Input
100381_059
100381B
CX25870/871
4.0 Parametric Information
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
4.2 AC Electrical Parameters
Figure 4-5. Slave Interface Timing Relationship/Noninterlaced RGB/YCrCb Input
CLKO
CLKI
POL POH P1L P1H P2L
<Delete>
<Insert Line>
PnL PnH
H_BLANKI
P0
P1
P2
Pn
BLANK*
(Input)
HSYNC*
(Input)
Internal
Sample
Counter
Sample
HCLKI
Sample1
Sample
H_BLANKI
-2
Sample
H_BLANKI Sample
H_BLANKI
-1
VSYNC*
(Input)
BLANK*
(Output)
100381_024
100381B
Conexant
4-11
CX25870/871
4.0 Parametric Information
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
4.2 AC Electrical Parameters
Figure 4-6. Slave Interface Timing Relationship/Interlaced Nonmultiplexed RGB Input (FLD_MODE = 10 – Default)
CLKO
CLKI
RGB0
RGB1
BLANK*
(Input)
RGB2
RGB3
RGB4
RGB5
RGB6
RGB7
Many
HSYNC*'s
HSYNC*
(Input)
Odd Field
YSYNC*
(Input)
HSYNC*
(Input)
Even Field
YSYNC*
(Input)
At Least
4 CLKIs
At Least
4 CLKIs
NOTE(S):
1. The CX25870's DIV2 bit must be set.
2. FLD_MODE[1:0] defined in Table 2-5.
100381_074
4-12
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
4.0 Parametric Information
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
4.2 AC Electrical Parameters
Figure 4-7. Slave Interface Timing Relationship/Interlaced Nonmultiplexed YCrCb Input (FLD_MODE = 01)
CLKO
CLKI
CB0
Y0
BLANK*
(Input)
CR0
Y1
CB2
Y2
CR2
Y3
Many
HSYNC*'s
HSYNC*
(Input)
Odd Field
YSYNC*
(Input)
HSYNC*
(Input)
Even Field
YSYNC*
(Input)
At Least
4 CLKIs
At Least
4 CLKIs
NOTE(S):
1. The CX25870's DIV2 bit must be set.
2. FLD_MODE[1:0] defined in Table 2-5.
100381_075
100381B
Conexant
4-13
CX25870/871
4.0 Parametric Information
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
4.2 AC Electrical Parameters
Figure 4-8. Slave Interface Timing Relationship/Interlaced Nonmultiplexed YCrCb Input (FLD_MODE = 00)
CLKO
CLKI
CB0
Y0
CR0
Y1
BLANK*
(Input)
1/4 of a
Line
CB2
Y2
CR2
Y3
Many
HSYNC*'s
1/4 of a
Line
HSYNC*
(Input)
Odd Field
YSYNC*
(Input)
1/4 of a
Line
1/4 of a
Line
1/4 of a
Line
HSYNC*
(Input)
Even Field
YSYNC*
(Input)
NOTE(S):
1. The CX25870's DIV2 bit must be set.
2. FLD_MODE[1:0] defined in Table 2-5.
100381_076
4-14
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
4.0 Parametric Information
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
4.2 AC Electrical Parameters
Figure 4-9. HDTV Output Horizontal Timing Details: 1080i
+300
BLANKING
Vertical Sync
(Interfaced)
0
BROAD PULSE
–300
δ
0H
+350
+300
PB,PR
(Outputs)
0
–300
–350
0H
<zero>
+700
+300
Y,R,G,B
(Outputs)
0
–300
z
α
ε
β
0H
NOTE(S):
1. Values for α, β, χ, δ, ε, and σ are given in Table 4-4.
2. Sync rise time (σ) is not shown here.
3. Amplitudes are expressed in mV.
100381_089
100381B
Conexant
4-15
CX25870/871
4.0 Parametric Information
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
4.2 AC Electrical Parameters
Figure 4-10. HDTV Output Horizontal Timing Details: 720p
+300 mV
BLANKING
Vertical Sync
(Interfaced)
0 mV
–300 mV
d
BROAD PULSE
b
0H
+350 mV
+300 mV
PB,PR
(Outputs)
0 mV
–300 mV
–350 mV
+700 mV
+300 mV
Y,R,G,B
(Outputs)
0 mV
–300 mV
c
a
e
b
0H
NOTE(S):
1. Values for a, b, c, d, and e are given in Table 4-4.
2. Sync rise time is not shown here.
3. Amplitudes are expressed in mV.
100381_090
4-16
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
4.0 Parametric Information
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
4.3 Mechanical Drawing for 80-Pin PQFP
4.3 Mechanical Drawing for 80-Pin PQFP
A detailed mechanical diagram for the CX25870 and the CX25871 intergrated
circuit is illustrated in Figure 4-11.
Figure 4-11. 80-Pin PQFP Package Diagram
80 PQFP - 1.6/0.15 mm FORM
TOP VIEW
BOTTOM VIEW
D
D2
D1
b
e
E2
E1
E
SIDE VIEW
S
Y
M
B
O
L
A
A
A1
A2
D
D1
D2
E
E1
E2
L
L1
e
b
DETAIL A
A2
A1
L
ALL DIMENSIONS IN
MILLIMETERS
MIN.
---0.05
16.95
16.95
0.73
0.25
NOM.
MAX.
---2.4
---0.35
2.0 REF.
---17.45
14.0 REF.
12.35 REF.
---17.45
14.0 REF.
12.35 REF.
0.80
1.03
1.6 REF.
0.65 BSC.
---0.45
1.60
REF.
(.063)
100381_025
100381B
Conexant
4-17
CX25870/871
4.0 Parametric Information
4.3 Mechanical Drawing for 80-Pin PQFP
4-18
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Conexant
100381B
A49
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing
Register Calculations
The calculated values are used to program the registers controlling the total active
pixels and lines in the input frame and the output field, as well as the vertical
scaling register and the clock PLL registers. These calculations assume pixel
resolution for synchronizing the graphics controller, master interface operation
unless otherwise stated, and require the following input values:
MFP—Minimum Front Porch Blanking in the Input in Clocks = max
(12, Controller_Minimum_Front_Porch_Blanking_Clocks);
MBP—Minimum Back Porch Blanking in the Input in Clocks = max
(4, Controller_Minimum_Back_Porch_Blanking_Clocks);
VOC—desired Vertical Overscan Compensation (e.g., 0.15)
HOC—desired Horizontal Overscan Compensation (e.g., 0.15)
V_ACTIVEI—Active Lines per Input Frame (e.g., 480 or 600 or 768)
H_ACTIVE—Active Pixels per Input Line (e.g., 640 or 800 or 1024)
ALO—Target Active Lines per Output Field (See Table A-3)
TLO—Total Lines per Output Field (See Table A-3)
ATO—Active Time per Output Line (See Table A-3)
TTO—Total Time per Output Line (See Table A-3)
Tables A-1 and A-2 contain details of the supported video output formats.
Table A-3 details the constant software values depending on the video output.
Figures A-1 through A-8 illustrate allowable overscan compensation pairs for the
most common desktop active resolutions. Tables A-3 through A-27 list the most
common overscan values for the 640 x 480, 800 x 600, and 1024 x 768 active
resolutions that enable dual display on both the VGA monitor and TV.
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Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-1. Target Video Parameters for Standard Definition TV Output Formats (1 of 2)
Parameter
Description
HSYNC Width
(µs)
NTSC-M
PAL-M
PAL-60
PALB,D,G,H,I
PAL-N
PAL-Nc
SECAM
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.7
HSYNC and
0.286
VSYNC Height (V)
0.286
0.287
0.3
0.3
0.2857
0.3
0.3
HSYNC Rise/Fall
Time (10% to
90%) (ns)
150
150
150
150
200(1)
200
200
200
Burst or
Subcarrier Start
(µs)
5.3
5.3
5.8
5.3
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
Burst Width (µs)
2.514
(9 cycles)
2.514
(9 cycles)
2.52
(9cycles)
2.25
(10 cycles)
2.25
(10 cycles)
2.25
(10 cycles)
2.51
(9 cycles)
N/A
Subcarrier
Frequency(5) (Hz)
3579545
3579545
3579611.49 4433618.75 4433618.75 4433618.75 3582056.25 for=4406250
fob=4250000
Burst or
Subcarrier Height
(V)
0.2857
0.2857
0.306
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.161
Phase Alternation
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
Number of Lines
per Frame
525
525
525
525
625
625
625
625
Line Frequency
(Hz)
15734.264 15734.264 15734.264
15734.264
15625
15625
15625
15625
Field Frequency
(Hz)
59.94
59.94
59.94
59.94
50
50
50
50
Setup
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
First Active Line
22(3)
22(3)
22(3)
22(3)
23(4)
23(4)
23(4)
23(4)
Last Active Line
262(3)
262(3)
262(3)
262(3)
309(4)
309(4)
309(4)
309(4)
HSYNC to Blank
End (µs)
9.2[9.037] 9.2
9.2
9.2
10.5[9.778] 9.2
10.5
10.5
Blank Begin to
HSYNC (µs)
1.5[1.185] 1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5[0.889]
1.5
1.5
1.5
Black to 100%
White (V)
0.661
0.661
0.7
0.7
0.661
0.7
0.7
A-2
4.7
NTSC-J
0.714
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Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-1. Target Video Parameters for Standard Definition TV Output Formats (2 of 2)
Parameter
Description
NTSC-M
Number of Lines
each for Vertical
Serration,
Equalization
3
NTSC-J
3
PAL-M
3
PALB,D,G,H,I
PAL-60
3
2.5
PAL-N
PAL-Nc
3
2.5
SECAM
2.5
NOTE(S):
(1)
Value for PAL-I is 250 ns.
2. ITU-R BT.601 blanking values given in square brackets [].
(3) Using NTSC line numbering convention from ITU-R BT.470.
(4)
Using PAL line numbering convention from ITU-R BT.470.
(5)
When programming the subcarrier increment, use relationship of Fsc to Fh as given in ITU-R BT.470 instead of Fsc to Fclk.
Table A-2. Key Parameters for Supported Standard Definition Video Output Formats
NTSC
NTSC60Hz
FSC (Hz)
3,579,545
3,579,545
4,433,618.75
4,433,618.75
3,582,056.25
3,575,611.88
4,433,619.49
Burst Start
5.3 µs
5.3 µs
5.60 µs
5.60 µs
5.60 µs
5.80 µs
5.60 µs
Burst End
7.82 µs
7.82 µs
7.85 µs
7.85 µs
8.11 µs
8.32 µs
7.85 µs
HSYNC
Width(1)
4.70 µs
4.70 µs
4.70 µs
4.70 µs
4.70 µs
4.70 µs
4.70 µs
HSYNC
Frequency(1)
63.555 µs
64 µs
64 µs
64 µs
64 µs
63.555 µs
64 µs
Active Begin
9.40 µs
9.40 µs
10.5 µs
9.40 µs
10.5 µs
9.40 µs
10.5 µs
Image Center
35.667 µs
35.667 µs
36.407 µs
35.667 µs
36.407 µs
35.667 µs
36.407 µs
1.50 µs
1.50 µs
1.50 µs
1.50 µs
1.50 µs
1.50 µs
Mode
Blank Begin to 1.50 µs
HSYNC(1)
PALBDGHI
PAL-N
PAL-Nc
PAL-M
PAL-60
NOTE(S):
(1)
HSYNC in this table refers to the analog horizontal synchronization pulse that starts every scan line.
Table A-3. Constant Values Dependent on Encoding Mode
Interlaced
NonInterlaced
Modes
PAL
NTSC
PAL
NTSC
ALO
288
243
288
243
TLO
312.5
262.5
312
262
ATO
52.0 µs
52.65556 µs
52.0 µs
52.65556 µs
TTO
64.0 µs
63.55556 µs
64.0 µs
63.55556 µs
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Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Figure A-1. Allowable Overscan Compensation Ratios for Dual Display, 640x480 Input, NTSC Output with 20 Clock
HBlank Period
Overscan Compensation Pecentage Pairs for 640x480 NTSC
22
Horizontal Overscan Compensation Percentage
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
8
10
Legend:
12
14
16
18
Vertical Overscan Compensation Percentage
20
22
= Pixel Clock Solution
= 8-Cycle Character Clock Solution
= 9-Cycle Character Clock Solution
NOTE(S):
Use this chart for PAL-M and PAL-60 allowable overscan ratios.
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Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Figure A-2. Allowable Overscan Compensation Ratios for Dual Display, 640x480 Input, PAL-BDGHI Output with 20 Clock
HBlank Period
Overscan Compensation Pecentage Pairs for 640x480 PAL
24
Horizontal Overscan Compensation Percentage
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
8
10
Legend:
12
14
16
18
20
22
Vertical Overscan Compensation Percentage
= Pixel Clock Solution
= 8-Cycle Character Clock Solution
= 9-Cycle Character Clock Solution
NOTE(S):
Use this chart for SECAM, PAL-N, and PAL-Nc allowable overscan compensation ratios.
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Figure A-3. Allowable Overscan Compensation Ratios for Dual Display, 800x600 Input, NTSC Output
Overscan Compensation Percentage Pairs for 800x600 NTSC
24
3 µs
Horizontal Overscan Compensation Percentage
22
20
2 µs
18
16
1 µs
14
.75 µs
12
0 µs Horizontal Blanking
10
8
8
10
12
Legend:
14
16
18
20
22
Vertical Overscan Compensation Percentage
= Pixel Clock Solution
= 8-Cycle Character Clock Solution
= 9-Cycle Character Clock Solution
NOTE(S):
Use this chart for PAL-M and PAL-60 allowable overscan ratios.
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Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Figure A-4. Allowable Overscan Compensation Ratios for Dual Display, 800x600 Input, PAL–BDGHI Output, Standard
Clocking Mode
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Figure A-5. Allowable Overscan Compensation Ratios for Dual Display, 800x600 Input, NTSC Output in 3:2 Clocking
Mode
22
Horizontal Overscan Compensation Percentage
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
8
10
12
LEGEND
= Pixel Clock Solution
= 8-Cycle Character Clock Solution
= 9-Cycle Character Clock Solution
14
16
18
20
22
Vertical Overscan Compensation Percentage
NOTE(S):
1. All overscan solutions on this chart can be enabled by a data master that requires no more than 4 µs of MBlank time per line.
2. Use this chart for PAL-M and PAL-60 allowable overscan ratios.
A-8
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Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Figure A-6. Allowable Overscan Compensation Ratios for Dual Display, 800x600 Input, PAL-BDGHI Output in 3:2 Clocking
Mode
22
Horizontal Overscan Compensation Percentage
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
8
10
12
LEGEND
= Pixel Clock Solution
= 8-Cycle Character Clock Solution
= 9-Cycle Character Clock Solution
14
16
18
Vertical Overscan Compensation Percentage
20
22
NOTE(S):
1. All overscan solutions on this chart can be enabled by a data master that requires no more than 8 µs of HBlank time per line.
2. Use this chart for SECAM, PAL-N, and PAL-Nc allowable overscan compensation ratios.
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Figure A-7. Allowable Overscan Compensation Ratios for Dual Display, 1024x768 Input, NTSC Output
22
Horizontal Overscan Compensation Percentage
20
18 4 us
16
14
3 us
12
10
2 us
1.75 us 1.5 us 1 us Horizontal Blanking
0 us
8
8
10
12
LEGEND
= Pixel Clock Solution
= 8-Cycle Character Clock Solution
= 9-Cycle Character Clock Solution
14
16
18
20
22
Vertical Overscan Compensation Percentage
NOTE(S):
Use this chart for PAL-M and PAL-60 allowable overscan ratios.
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Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Figure A-8. Allowable Overscan Compensation Ratios for Dual Display, 1024x768 Input, PAL-BDGHI Output
24
Horizontal Overscan Compensation Percentage
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
8
10
12
14
16
Vertical Overscan Compensation Percentage
18
20
22
LEGEND
= Pixel Clock Solution
= 8-Cycle Character Clock Solution
= 9-Cycle Character Clock Solution
NOTE(S):
1. All overscan solutions on this chart can be enabled by a data master that requires no more than 3 µs of HBlank time per line.
2. Use this chart for SECAM, PAL-N, and PAL-Nc allowable overscan compensation ratios.
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Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-4. Overscan Values, 640 x 480 NTSC, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution, 2.5 µs HBlank (1 of 2)
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
A-12
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Resolution
780
665
190
988
21.81
21.81
0.00
780
595
212
884
12.61
12.76
–0.14
784
600
210
896
13.79
13.58
0.21
780
630
200
936
17.47
17.70
–0.23
777
575
220
851
9.23
9.47
–0.24
785
630
200
942
18.00
17.70
0.30
777
625
202
925
16.49
16.87
–0.38
777
650
194
962
19.70
20.16
–0.46
775
588
215
868
11.00
11.52
–0.52
775
651
194
961
19.62
20.16
–0.55
777
600
210
888
13.01
13.58
–0.57
775
609
207
899
14.07
14.81
–0.74
775
630
200
930
16.94
17.70
–0.76
790
630
200
948
18.51
17.70
0.82
791
600
210
904
14.55
13.58
0.97
770
645
196
946
18.34
19.34
–1.00
770
585
216
858
9.97
11.11
–1.14
770
660
191
968
20.20
21.40
–1.20
770
615
205
902
14.36
15.64
–1.28
770
630
200
924
16.40
17.70
–1.30
795
630
200
954
19.03
17.70
1.33
770
600
210
880
12.22
13.58
–1.36
795
595
212
901
14.26
12.76
1.51
765
665
190
969
20.28
21.81
–1.53
798
650
194
988
21.81
20.16
1.65
798
600
210
912
15.30
13.58
1.72
798
625
202
950
18.69
16.87
1.81
800
630
200
960
19.53
17.70
1.84
765
630
200
918
15.85
17.70
–1.84
765
595
212
867
10.90
12.76
–1.86
800
609
207
928
16.76
14.81
1.94
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Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-4. Overscan Values, 640 x 480 NTSC, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution, 2.5 µs HBlank (2 of 2)
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Resolution
798
575
220
874
11.62
9.47
2.15
763
600
210
872
11.41
13.58
–2.17
800
588
215
896
13.79
11.52
2.26
805
630
200
966
20.03
17.70
2.34
760
630
200
912
15.30
17.70
–2.40
805
615
205
943
18.08
15.64
2.44
805
600
210
920
16.03
13.58
2.45
805
645
196
989
21.89
19.34
2.55
756
650
194
936
17.47
20.16
–2.69
756
625
202
900
14.17
16.87
–2.70
805
585
216
897
13.88
11.11
2.77
810
630
200
972
20.53
17.70
2.83
755
630
200
906
14.74
17.70
–2.96
805
570
222
874
11.62
8.64
2.97
756
600
210
864
10.59
13.58
–2.99
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Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-5. Overscan Values, 640 x 480 NTSC, Character Clock-Based Controller, 8-Pixel Resolution, 2.5 µs HBlank
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
H_CLKI
A-14
V_LINESI
Active
Total
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Resolution
784
600
210
896
13.79
13.58
0.21
800
630
200
960
19.53
17.70
1.84
800
609
207
928
16.76
14.81
1.94
800
588
215
896
13.79
11.52
2.26
760
630
200
912
15.30
17.70
–2.40
840
615
205
984
21.50
15.64
5.86
840
600
210
960
19.53
13.58
5.95
840
610
207
976
20.85
14.81
6.04
840
595
212
952
18.86
12.76
6.10
840
605
209
968
20.20
13.99
6.21
840
590
214
944
18.17
11.93
6.23
840
585
216
936
17.47
11.11
6.36
840
580
218
928
16.76
10.29
6.47
720
665
190
912
15.30
21.81
–6.51
840
575
220
920
16.03
9.47
6.57
840
570
222
912
15.30
8.64
6.66
720
630
200
864
10.59
17.70
–7.10
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Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-6. Overscan Values, 640 x 480 NTSC, Character Clock-Based Controller, 9-Pixel Resolution, 2.5 µs HBlank
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Resolution
765
665
190
969
20.28
21.81
–1.53
765
630
200
918
15.85
17.70
–1.84
765
595
212
867
10.90
12.76
–1.86
756
650
194
936
17.47
20.16
–2.69
756
625
202
900
14.17
16.87
–2.70
810
630
200
972
20.53
17.70
2.83
756
600
210
864
10.59
13.58
–2.99
810
595
212
918
15.85
12.76
3.09
819
600
210
936
17.47
13.58
3.89
819
625
202
975
20.77
16.87
3.90
819
575
220
897
13.88
9.47
4.42
720
665
190
912
15.30
21.81
–6.51
720
630
200
864
10.59
17.70
–7.10
855
595
212
969
20.28
12.76
7.52
693
650
194
858
9.97
20.16
–10.20
882
575
220
966
20.03
9.47
10.57
900
574
220
984
21.50
9.47
12.03
675
665
190
855
9.65
21.81
–12.16
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Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-7. Overscan Values, 640 x 480 PAL-BDGHI, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution, 2.5 µs HBlank (1 of 3)
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
H_CLKI
A-16
V_LINESI
Active
Total
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Resolution
945
625
240
945
16.65
16.67
–0.02
946
625
240
946
16.73
16.67
0.07
944
625
240
944
16.56
16.67
–0.11
947
625
240
947
16.82
16.67
0.16
943
625
240
943
16.47
16.67
–0.20
948
625
240
948
16.91
16.67
0.24
942
625
240
942
16.38
16.67
–0.29
949
625
240
949
17.00
16.67
0.33
941
625
240
941
16.29
16.67
–0.37
950
625
240
950
17.09
16.67
0.42
950
600
250
912
13.63
13.19
0.44
940
625
240
940
16.20
16.67
–0.46
950
650
231
988
20.27
19.79
0.48
950
575
261
874
9.88
9.38
0.50
951
625
240
951
17.17
16.67
0.51
939
625
240
939
16.11
16.67
–0.55
952
625
240
952
17.26
16.67
0.59
938
625
240
938
16.02
16.67
–0.64
953
625
240
953
17.35
16.67
0.68
937
625
240
937
15.93
16.67
–0.73
954
625
240
954
17.43
16.67
0.77
936
625
240
936
15.84
16.67
–0.82
955
625
240
955
17.52
16.67
0.85
935
625
240
935
15.75
16.67
–0.91
956
625
240
956
17.61
16.67
0.94
934
625
240
934
15.66
16.67
–1.00
957
625
240
957
17.69
16.67
1.02
933
625
240
933
15.57
16.67
–1.09
958
625
240
958
17.78
16.67
1.11
932
625
240
932
15.48
16.67
–1.18
959
625
240
959
17.86
16.67
1.20
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Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-7. Overscan Values, 640 x 480 PAL-BDGHI, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution, 2.5 µs HBlank (2 of 3)
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
Active
Total
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Resolution
931
625
240
931
15.39
16.67
–1.27
960
625
240
960
17.95
16.67
1.28
930
625
240
930
15.30
16.67
–1.36
961
625
240
961
18.03
16.67
1.37
962
625
240
962
18.12
16.67
1.45
929
625
240
929
15.21
16.67
–1.46
963
625
240
963
18.20
16.67
1.54
928
625
240
928
15.12
16.67
–1.55
964
625
240
964
18.29
16.67
1.62
927
625
240
927
15.03
16.67
–1.64
925
650
231
962
18.12
19.79
–1.67
965
625
240
965
18.37
16.67
1.71
926
625
240
926
14.94
16.67
–1.73
966
625
240
966
18.46
16.67
1.79
925
625
240
925
14.84
16.67
–1.82
967
625
240
967
18.54
16.67
1.88
925
600
250
888
11.30
13.19
–1.90
924
625
240
924
14.75
16.67
–1.91
968
625
240
968
18.63
16.67
1.96
923
625
240
923
14.66
16.67
–2.01
969
625
240
969
18.71
16.67
2.04
922
625
240
922
14.57
16.67
–2.10
970
625
240
970
18.79
16.67
2.13
921
625
240
921
14.47
16.67
–2.19
971
625
240
971
18.88
16.67
2.21
920
625
240
920
14.38
16.67
–2.29
972
625
240
972
18.96
16.67
2.30
973
625
240
973
19.04
16.67
2.38
919
625
240
919
14.29
16.67
–2.38
974
625
240
974
19.13
16.67
2.46
918
625
240
918
14.19
16.67
–2.47
100381B
Conexant
A-17
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-7. Overscan Values, 640 x 480 PAL-BDGHI, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution, 2.5 µs HBlank (3 of 3)
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
H_CLKI
A-18
V_LINESI
Active
Total
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Resolution
975
625
240
975
19.21
16.67
2.54
917
625
240
917
14.10
16.67
–2.57
976
625
240
976
19.29
16.67
2.63
975
600
250
936
15.84
13.19
2.65
916
625
240
916
14.01
16.67
–2.66
977
625
240
977
19.38
16.67
2.71
915
625
240
915
13.91
16.67
–2.75
978
625
240
978
19.46
16.67
2.79
975
575
261
897
12.19
9.38
2.81
914
625
240
914
13.82
16.67
–2.85
979
625
240
979
19.54
16.67
2.87
913
625
240
913
13.72
16.67
–2.94
980
625
240
980
19.62
16.67
2.96
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-8. Overscan Values, 640 x 480 PAL-BDGHI, Character Clock-Based Controller, 8-Pixel Resolution, 2.5 µs HBlank
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Resolution
944
625
240
944
16.56
16.67
–0.11
952
625
240
952
17.26
16.67
0.59
936
625
240
936
15.84
16.67
–0.82
960
625
240
960
17.95
16.67
1.28
928
625
240
928
15.12
16.67
–1.55
968
625
240
968
18.63
16.67
1.96
920
625
240
920
14.38
16.67
–2.29
976
625
240
976
19.29
16.67
2.63
912
625
240
912
13.63
16.67
–3.04
984
625
240
984
19.95
16.67
3.28
904
625
240
904
12.87
16.67
–3.80
992
625
240
992
20.60
16.67
3.93
1000
625
240
1000
21.23
16.67
4.56
896
625
240
896
12.09
16.67
–4.58
1000
620
242
992
20.60
15.97
4.62
1000
615
244
984
19.95
15.28
4.67
1000
610
246
976
19.29
14.58
4.71
1000
605
248
968
18.63
13.89
4.74
1000
600
250
960
17.95
13.19
4.75
1000
630
239
1008
21.86
17.01
4.84
1000
575
261
920
14.38
9.38
5.01
1000
580
259
928
15.12
10.07
5.05
1000
585
257
936
15.84
10.76
5.08
1000
590
255
944
16.56
11.46
5.10
1000
595
253
952
17.26
12.15
5.11
1008
625
240
1008
21.86
16.67
5.19
888
625
240
888
11.30
16.67
–5.37
880
625
240
880
10.49
16.67
–6.18
872
625
240
872
9.67
16.67
–7.00
100381B
Conexant
A-19
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-9. Overscan Values, 640 x 480 PAL-BDGHI, Character Clock-Based Controller, 9-Pixel Resolution, 2.5 µs HBlank
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Resolution
945
625
240
945
16.65
16.67
–0.02
954
625
240
954
17.43
16.67
0.77
936
625
240
936
15.84
16.67
–0.82
963
625
240
963
18.20
16.67
1.54
927
625
240
927
15.03
16.67
–1.64
972
625
240
972
18.96
16.67
2.30
918
625
240
918
14.19
16.67
–2.47
981
625
240
981
19.71
16.67
3.04
909
625
240
909
13.35
16.67
–3.32
990
625
240
990
20.44
16.67
3.77
900
650
231
936
15.84
19.79
–3.95
900
625
240
900
12.48
16.67
–4.19
999
625
240
999
21.15
16.67
4.49
891
625
240
891
11.59
16.67
–5.07
1008
625
240
1008
21.86
16.67
5.19
882
625
240
882
10.69
16.67
–5.97
873
625
240
873
9.77
16.67
–6.89
A-20
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-10. Overscan Values, 800 x 600 NTSC, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution (1 of 4)
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Resolution
800
777
203
1184
18.45
16.46
1.98
800
819
193
1248
22.63
20.58
2.05
800
798
198
1216
20.59
18.52
2.07
800
756
209
1152
16.18
13.99
2.19
800
714
221
1088
11.25
9.05
2.20
800
735
215
1120
13.79
11.52
2.26
805
825
191
1265
23.67
21.40
2.27
805
780
202
1196
19.26
16.87
2.39
805
750
210
1150
16.03
13.58
2.45
805
765
206
1173
17.68
15.23
2.45
805
810
195
1242
22.25
19.75
2.50
805
720
219
1104
12.54
9.88
2.66
805
795
199
1219
20.79
18.11
2.68
805
735
215
1127
14.32
11.52
2.80
810
805
196
1242
22.25
19.34
2.91
810
770
205
1188
18.72
15.64
3.08
812
750
210
1160
16.76
13.58
3.18
810
735
215
1134
14.85
11.52
3.33
819
800
197
1248
22.63
18.93
3.70
815
735
215
1141
15.37
11.52
3.85
819
750
210
1170
17.47
13.58
3.89
819
775
204
1209
20.13
16.05
4.08
825
805
196
1265
23.67
19.34
4.33
819
725
218
1131
14.62
10.29
4.34
825
784
201
1232
21.62
17.28
4.34
820
735
215
1148
15.89
11.52
4.37
825
777
203
1221
20.92
16.46
4.46
825
798
198
1254
23.00
18.52
4.48
825
770
205
1210
20.20
15.64
4.56
826
750
210
1180
18.17
13.58
4.59
825
791
200
1243
22.32
17.70
4.62
100381B
Conexant
A-21
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-10. Overscan Values, 800 x 600 NTSC, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution (2 of 4)
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Resolution
825
763
207
1199
19.47
14.81
4.65
825
756
209
1188
18.72
13.99
4.73
825
749
211
1177
17.96
13.17
4.79
825
742
213
1166
17.19
12.35
4.84
825
735
215
1155
16.40
11.52
4.88
825
714
221
1122
13.94
9.05
4.89
825
728
217
1144
15.59
10.70
4.89
825
721
219
1133
14.77
9.88
4.90
833
750
210
1190
18.86
13.58
5.28
830
735
215
1162
16.90
11.52
5.38
840
780
202
1248
22.63
16.87
5.76
840
785
201
1256
23.12
17.28
5.84
835
735
215
1169
17.40
11.52
5.88
840
765
206
1224
21.11
15.23
5.88
840
790
200
1264
23.61
17.70
5.91
840
750
210
1200
19.53
13.58
5.95
840
770
205
1232
21.62
15.64
5.99
840
755
209
1208
20.07
13.99
6.07
840
775
204
1240
22.13
16.05
6.08
840
740
213
1184
18.45
12.35
6.10
840
760
208
1216
20.59
14.40
6.19
840
730
216
1168
17.33
11.11
6.22
840
745
212
1192
18.99
12.76
6.24
840
720
219
1152
16.18
9.88
6.30
840
735
215
1176
17.89
11.52
6.37
840
725
218
1160
16.76
10.29
6.47
840
715
221
1144
15.59
9.05
6.54
847
750
210
1210
20.20
13.58
6.62
850
777
203
1258
23.24
16.46
6.78
845
735
215
1183
18.38
11.52
6.85
850
756
209
1224
21.11
13.99
7.12
A-22
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-10. Overscan Values, 800 x 600 NTSC, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution (3 of 4)
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Resolution
854
750
210
1220
20.85
13.58
7.27
850
735
215
1190
18.86
11.52
7.33
855
770
205
1254
23.00
15.64
7.36
850
714
221
1156
16.47
9.05
7.42
855
735
215
1197
19.33
11.52
7.81
861
750
210
1230
21.50
13.58
7.92
861
775
204
1271
24.03
16.05
7.98
860
735
215
1204
19.80
11.52
8.28
861
725
218
1189
18.79
10.29
8.50
868
750
210
1240
22.13
13.58
8.55
865
735
215
1211
20.26
11.52
8.74
875
762
207
1270
23.97
14.81
9.15
875
750
210
1250
22.75
13.58
9.17
870
735
215
1218
20.72
11.52
9.20
875
759
208
1265
23.67
14.40
9.26
875
747
211
1245
22.44
13.17
9.27
875
744
212
1240
22.13
12.76
9.37
875
756
209
1260
23.36
13.99
9.37
875
741
213
1235
21.81
12.35
9.47
875
753
210
1255
23.06
13.58
9.48
875
726
217
1210
20.20
10.70
9.50
875
738
214
1230
21.50
11.93
9.56
875
723
218
1205
19.87
10.29
9.58
875
735
215
1225
21.18
11.52
9.65
875
720
219
1200
19.53
9.88
9.66
875
717
220
1195
19.20
9.47
9.73
875
732
216
1220
20.85
11.11
9.74
882
750
210
1260
23.36
13.58
9.78
875
714
221
1190
18.86
9.05
9.80
875
729
217
1215
20.53
10.70
9.83
880
735
215
1232
21.62
11.52
10.10
100381B
Conexant
A-23
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-10. Overscan Values, 800 x 600 NTSC, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution (4 of 4)
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Resolution
889
750
210
1270
23.97
13.58
10.39
882
725
218
1218
20.72
10.29
10.43
885
735
215
1239
22.07
11.52
10.54
890
735
215
1246
22.50
11.52
10.98
895
735
215
1253
22.94
11.52
11.41
900
735
215
1260
23.36
11.52
11.84
900
728
217
1248
22.63
10.70
11.93
900
721
219
1236
21.88
9.88
12.00
900
714
221
1224
21.11
9.05
12.06
905
735
215
1267
23.79
11.52
12.27
903
725
218
1247
22.57
10.29
12.28
910
720
219
1248
22.63
9.88
12.75
925
714
221
1258
23.24
9.05
14.19
A-24
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-11. Overscan Values, 800 x 600 NTSC, Character Clock-Based Controller, 8-Pixel Resolution, 0–1.5 µs HBlank
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Resolution
800
777
203
1184
18.45
16.46
1.98
800
819
193
1248
22.63
20.58
2.05
800
798
198
1216
20.59
18.52
2.07
800
756
209
1152
16.18
13.99
2.19
800
714
221
1088
11.25
9.05
2.20
800
735
215
1120
13.79
11.52
2.26
840
780
202
1248
22.63
16.87
5.76
840
785
201
1256
23.12
17.28
5.84
840
765
206
1224
21.11
15.23
5.88
840
790
200
1264
23.61
17.70
5.91
840
750
210
1200
19.53
13.58
5.95
840
770
205
1232
21.62
15.64
5.99
840
755
209
1208
20.07
13.99
6.07
840
775
204
1240
22.13
16.05
6.08
840
740
213
1184
18.45
12.35
6.10
840
760
208
1216
20.59
14.40
6.19
840
730
216
1168
17.33
11.11
6.22
840
745
212
1192
18.99
12.76
6.24
840
720
219
1152
16.18
9.88
6.30
840
735
215
1176
17.89
11.52
6.37
840
725
218
1160
16.76
10.29
6.47
840
715
221
1144
15.59
9.05
6.54
880
735
215
1232
21.62
11.52
10.10
100381B
Conexant
A-25
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-12. Overscan Values, 800 x 600 NTSC, Character Clock-Based Controller, 9-Pixel Resolution, 0–3.0 µs HBlank
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Resolution
810
805
196
1242
22.25
19.34
2.91
810
770
205
1188
18.72
15.64
3.08
810
735
215
1134
14.85
11.52
3.33
819
800
197
1248
22.63
18.93
3.70
819
750
210
1170
17.47
13.58
3.89
819
775
204
1209
20.13
16.05
4.08
819
725
218
1131
14.62
10.29
4.34
855
770
205
1254
23.00
15.64
7.36
855
735
215
1197
19.33
11.52
7.81
882
750
210
1260
23.36
13.58
9.78
882
725
218
1218
20.72
10.29
10.43
900
735
215
1260
23.36
11.52
11.84
900
728
217
1248
22.63
10.70
11.93
900
721
219
1236
21.88
9.88
12.00
900
714
221
1224
21.11
9.05
12.06
A-26
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-13. Overscan Values 800 x 600 NTSC, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution, 3:2 Clocking Mode (1 of 4)
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Delta
1170
770
205
1144
15.59
15.64
–0.04
1170
735
215
1092
11.57
11.52
0.05
1170
805
196
1196
19.26
19.34
–0.08
1176
750
210
1120
13.79
13.58
0.21
1176
825
191
1232
21.62
21.40
0.22
1175
756
209
1128
14.40
13.99
0.40
1175
819
193
1222
20.98
20.58
0.41
1155
795
199
1166
17.19
18.11
–0.92
1155
810
195
1188
18.72
19.75
–1.03
1155
735
215
1078
10.43
11.52
–1.10
1185
735
215
1106
12.69
11.52
1.17
1155
825
191
1210
20.20
21.40
–1.20
1190
765
206
1156
16.47
15.23
1.24
1155
780
202
1144
15.59
16.87
–1.28
1155
765
206
1122
13.94
15.23
–1.29
1150
819
193
1196
19.26
20.58
–1.31
1190
810
195
1224
21.11
19.75
1.36
1155
750
210
1100
12.22
13.58
–1.36
1190
720
219
1088
11.25
9.88
1.37
1150
756
209
1104
12.54
13.99
–1.46
1197
800
197
1216
20.59
18.93
1.66
1197
750
210
1140
15.30
13.58
1.72
1197
775
204
1178
18.03
16.05
1.98
1200
777
203
1184
18.45
16.46
1.98
1200
798
198
1216
20.59
18.52
2.07
1197
725
218
1102
12.38
10.29
2.09
1200
756
209
1152
16.18
13.99
2.19
1200
714
221
1088
11.25
9.05
2.20
1200
735
215
1120
13.79
11.52
2.26
1140
735
215
1064
9.25
11.52
–2.27
100381B
Conexant
A-27
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-13. Overscan Values 800 x 600 NTSC, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution, 3:2 Clocking Mode (2 of 4)
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Delta
1134
775
204
1116
13.48
16.05
–2.57
1134
825
191
1188
18.72
21.40
–2.68
1134
800
197
1152
16.18
18.93
–2.75
1134
750
210
1080
10.59
13.58
–2.99
1215
770
205
1188
18.72
15.64
3.08
1125
819
193
1170
17.47
20.58
–3.11
1125
791
200
1130
14.55
17.70
–3.15
1218
750
210
1160
16.76
13.58
3.18
1125
798
198
1140
15.30
18.52
–3.22
1125
826
191
1180
18.17
21.40
–3.23
1125
805
196
1150
16.03
19.34
–3.31
1215
735
215
1134
14.85
11.52
3.33
1125
756
209
1080
10.59
13.99
–3.40
1125
763
207
1090
11.41
14.81
–3.40
1125
812
194
1160
16.76
20.16
–3.41
1125
749
211
1070
9.76
13.17
–3.41
1125
770
205
1100
12.22
15.64
–3.42
1125
777
203
1110
13.01
16.46
–3.45
1125
784
201
1120
13.79
17.28
–3.50
1225
792
199
1232
21.62
18.11
3.52
1120
810
195
1152
16.18
19.75
–3.57
1225
765
206
1190
18.86
15.23
3.63
1225
747
211
1162
16.90
13.17
3.73
1225
774
204
1204
19.80
16.05
3.75
1225
783
202
1218
20.72
16.87
3.85
1225
756
209
1176
17.89
13.99
3.90
1225
720
219
1120
13.79
9.88
3.91
1225
738
214
1148
15.89
11.93
3.95
1120
765
206
1088
11.25
15.23
–3.98
1225
729
217
1134
14.85
10.70
4.15
A-28
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-13. Overscan Values 800 x 600 NTSC, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution, 3:2 Clocking Mode (3 of 4)
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Delta
1113
825
191
1166
17.19
21.40
–4.21
1230
735
215
1148
15.89
11.52
4.37
1239
750
210
1180
18.17
13.58
4.59
1100
819
193
1144
15.59
20.58
–4.98
1245
735
215
1162
16.90
11.52
5.38
1250
756
209
1200
19.53
13.99
5.54
1092
825
191
1144
15.59
21.40
–5.81
1260
765
206
1224
21.11
15.23
5.88
1260
750
210
1200
19.53
13.58
5.95
1260
770
205
1232
21.62
15.64
5.99
1260
755
209
1208
20.07
13.99
6.07
1260
740
213
1184
18.45
12.35
6.10
1260
760
208
1216
20.59
14.40
6.19
1260
730
216
1168
17.33
11.11
6.22
1260
745
212
1192
18.99
12.76
6.24
1085
810
195
1116
13.48
19.75
–6.28
1260
720
219
1152
16.18
9.88
6.30
1260
735
215
1176
17.89
11.52
6.37
1260
725
218
1160
16.76
10.29
6.47
1260
715
221
1144
15.59
9.05
6.54
1080
805
196
1104
12.54
19.34
–6.81
1075
819
193
1118
13.63
20.58
–6.95
1275
756
209
1224
21.11
13.99
7.12
1281
750
210
1220
20.85
13.58
7.27
1275
735
215
1190
18.86
11.52
7.33
1275
714
221
1156
16.47
9.05
7.42
1071
825
191
1122
13.94
21.40
–7.46
1071
800
197
1088
11.25
18.93
–7.68
1290
735
215
1204
19.80
11.52
8.28
1295
720
219
1184
18.45
9.88
8.57
1050
828
191
1104
12.54
21.40
–8.86
100381B
Conexant
A-29
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-13. Overscan Values 800 x 600 NTSC, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution, 3:2 Clocking Mode (4 of 4)
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Delta
1050
816
194
1088
11.25
20.16
–8.92
1050
831
190
1108
12.85
21.81
–8.96
1050
819
193
1092
11.57
20.58
–9.00
1050
807
196
1076
10.26
19.34
–9.08
1050
822
192
1096
11.90
20.99
–9.09
1050
810
195
1080
10.59
19.75
–9.16
1050
825
191
1100
12.22
21.40
–9.18
1305
735
215
1218
20.72
11.52
9.20
1050
813
194
1084
10.92
20.16
–9.24
1050
798
198
1064
9.25
18.52
–9.27
1050
801
197
1068
9.59
18.93
–9.34
1050
804
196
1072
9.92
19.34
–9.42
1320
735
215
1232
21.62
11.52
10.10
1323
725
218
1218
20.72
10.29
10.43
1330
720
219
1216
20.59
9.88
10.72
1029
825
191
1078
10.43
21.40
–10.97
1025
819
193
1066
9.42
20.58
–11.16
1350
721
219
1236
21.88
9.88
12.00
1350
714
221
1224
21.11
9.05
12.06
A-30
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-14. Overscan Values 800 x 600 NTSC, Character Clocked-Based Controller, 8-Pixel Resolution, 3:2 Clocking
Mode
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Delta
1176
750
210
1120
13.79
13.58
0.21
1176
825
191
1232
21.62
21.40
0.22
1200
777
203
1184
18.45
16.46
1.98
1200
798
198
1216
20.59
18.52
2.07
1200
756
209
1152
16.18
13.99
2.19
1200
714
221
1088
11.25
9.05
2.20
1200
735
215
1120
13.79
11.52
2.26
1120
810
195
1152
16.18
19.75
–3.57
1120
765
206
1088
11.25
15.23
–3.98
1080
805
196
1104
12.54
19.34
–6.81
1320
735
215
1232
21.62
11.52
10.10
100381B
Conexant
A-31
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-15. Overscan Values 800 x 600 NTSC, Character Clocked-Based Controller, 9-Pixel Resolution, 3:2 Clocking
Mode (1 of 2)
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Delta
1170
770
205
1144
15.59
15.64
–0.04
1170
735
215
1092
11.57
11.52
0.05
1170
805
196
1196
19.26
19.34
–0.08
1197
800
197
1216
20.59
18.93
1.66
1197
750
210
1140
15.30
13.58
1.72
1197
775
204
1178
18.03
16.05
1.98
1197
725
218
1102
12.38
10.29
2.09
1134
775
204
1116
13.48
16.05
–2.57
1134
825
191
1188
18.72
21.40
–2.68
1134
800
197
1152
16.18
18.93
–2.75
1134
750
210
1080
10.59
13.58
–2.99
1215
770
205
1188
18.72
15.64
3.08
1125
819
193
1170
17.47
20.58
–3.11
1125
791
200
1130
14.55
17.70
–3.15
1125
798
198
1140
15.30
18.52
–3.22
1125
826
191
1180
18.17
21.40
–3.23
1125
805
196
1150
16.03
19.34
–3.31
1215
735
215
1134
14.85
11.52
3.33
1125
756
209
1080
10.59
13.99
–3.40
1125
763
207
1090
11.41
14.81
–3.40
1125
812
194
1160
16.76
20.16
–3.41
1125
749
211
1070
9.76
13.17
–3.41
1125
770
205
1100
12.22
15.64
–3.42
1125
777
203
1110
13.01
16.46
–3.45
1125
784
201
1120
13.79
17.28
–3.50
1260
765
206
1224
21.11
15.23
5.88
1260
750
210
1200
19.53
13.58
5.95
1260
770
205
1232
21.62
15.64
5.99
1260
755
209
1208
20.07
13.99
6.07
1260
740
213
1184
18.45
12.35
6.10
A-32
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-15. Overscan Values 800 x 600 NTSC, Character Clocked-Based Controller, 9-Pixel Resolution, 3:2 Clocking
Mode (2 of 2)
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Delta
1260
760
208
1216
20.59
14.40
6.19
1260
730
216
1168
17.33
11.11
6.22
1260
745
212
1192
18.99
12.76
6.24
1260
720
219
1152
16.18
9.88
6.30
1260
735
215
1176
17.89
11.52
6.37
1260
725
218
1160
16.76
10.29
6.47
1260
715
221
1144
15.59
9.05
6.54
1080
805
196
1104
12.54
19.34
–6.81
1071
825
191
1122
13.94
21.40
–7.46
1071
800
197
1088
11.25
18.93
–7.68
1305
735
215
1218
20.72
11.52
9.20
1323
725
218
1218
20.72
10.29
10.43
1350
721
219
1236
21.88
9.88
12.00
1350
714
221
1224
21.11
9.05
12.06
100381B
Conexant
A-33
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-16. Overscan Values, 800 x 600 PAL-BDGHI, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution, >2.5 µs HBlank (1 of 2)
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Resolution
945
750
250
1134
13.17
13.19
–0.02
950
750
250
1140
13.63
13.19
0.44
950
775
242
1178
16.42
15.97
0.44
940
750
250
1128
12.71
13.19
–0.48
950
725
259
1102
10.65
10.07
0.58
950
800
235
1216
19.03
18.40
0.63
950
825
228
1254
21.48
20.83
0.65
955
750
250
1146
14.08
13.19
0.89
935
750
250
1122
12.24
13.19
–0.95
960
750
250
1152
14.53
13.19
1.34
930
750
250
1116
11.77
13.19
–1.42
925
825
228
1221
19.36
20.83
–1.47
925
800
235
1184
16.84
18.40
–1.56
965
750
250
1158
14.97
13.19
1.78
925
775
242
1147
14.16
15.97
–1.81
925
750
250
1110
11.30
13.19
–1.90
970
750
250
1164
15.41
13.19
2.22
920
750
250
1104
10.81
13.19
–2.38
975
775
242
1209
18.56
15.97
2.59
975
750
250
1170
15.84
13.19
2.65
975
800
235
1248
21.10
18.40
2.70
915
750
250
1098
10.33
13.19
–2.87
975
725
259
1131
12.94
10.07
2.87
980
750
250
1176
16.27
13.19
3.08
910
750
250
1092
9.83
13.19
–3.36
985
750
250
1182
16.70
13.19
3.50
900
825
228
1188
17.12
20.83
–3.71
905
750
250
1086
9.34
13.19
–3.86
900
800
235
1152
14.53
18.40
–3.87
990
750
250
1188
17.12
13.19
3.93
900
775
242
1116
11.77
15.97
–4.20
A-34
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-16. Overscan Values, 800 x 600 PAL-BDGHI, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution, >2.5 µs HBlank (2 of 2)
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Resolution
995
750
250
1194
17.54
13.19
4.34
1000
785
239
1256
21.61
17.01
4.59
1000
775
242
1240
20.60
15.97
4.62
1000
750
250
1200
17.95
13.19
4.75
1000
780
241
1248
21.10
16.32
4.79
1000
760
247
1216
19.03
14.24
4.79
1000
770
244
1232
20.08
15.28
4.80
1000
745
252
1192
17.40
12.50
4.90
1000
730
257
1168
15.70
10.76
4.94
1000
755
249
1208
18.49
13.54
4.95
1000
765
246
1224
19.56
14.58
4.97
100381B
Conexant
A-35
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-17. Overscan Values, 800 x 600 PAL-BDGHI, Character Clock-Based Controller, 8-Pixel Resolution
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Resolution
960
750
250
1152
14.53
13.19
1.34
920
750
250
1104
10.81
13.19
–2.38
1000
785
239
1256
21.61
17.01
4.59
1000
775
242
1240
20.60
15.97
4.62
1000
750
250
1200
17.95
13.19
4.75
1000
780
241
1248
21.10
16.32
4.79
1000
760
247
1216
19.03
14.24
4.79
1000
770
244
1232
20.08
15.28
4.80
1000
745
252
1192
17.40
12.50
4.90
1000
730
257
1168
15.70
10.76
4.94
1000
755
249
1208
18.49
13.54
4.95
1000
765
246
1224
19.56
14.58
4.97
1000
740
254
1184
16.84
11.81
5.03
1000
725
259
1160
15.12
10.07
5.05
1000
720
261
1152
14.53
9.38
5.15
1000
735
256
1176
16.27
11.11
5.16
1000
715
263
1144
13.93
8.68
5.25
1040
750
250
1248
21.10
13.19
7.91
A-36
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-18. Overscan Values, 800 x 600 PAL-BDGHI, Character Clock-Based Controller, 9-Pixel Resolution
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Resolution
945
750
250
1134
13.17
13.19
–0.02
900
825
228
1188
17.12
20.83
–3.71
900
800
235
1152
14.53
18.40
–3.87
990
750
250
1188
17.12
13.19
3.93
900
775
242
1116
11.77
15.97
–4.20
1035
750
250
1242
20.72
13.19
7.53
100381B
Conexant
A-37
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-19. Overscan Values 800 x 600 PAL-BDGHI, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution, 3:2 Clocking Mode (1 of
3)
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Delta
1420
750
250
1136
13.33
13.19
0.13
1415
750
250
1132
13.02
13.19
–0.17
1425
750
250
1140
13.63
13.19
0.44
1425
775
242
1178
16.42
15.97
0.44
1410
750
250
1128
12.71
13.19
–0.48
1425
725
259
1102
10.65
10.07
0.58
1425
800
235
1216
19.03
18.40
0.63
1425
825
228
1254
21.48
20.83
0.65
1430
750
250
1144
13.93
13.19
0.74
1400
825
228
1232
20.08
20.83
–0.75
1405
750
250
1124
12.40
13.19
–0.79
1435
750
250
1148
14.23
13.19
1.04
1400
750
250
1120
12.09
13.19
–1.11
1440
750
250
1152
14.53
13.19
1.34
1395
750
250
1116
11.77
13.19
–1.42
1445
750
250
1156
14.83
13.19
1.63
1390
750
250
1112
11.46
13.19
–1.74
1450
750
250
1160
15.12
13.19
1.92
1385
750
250
1108
11.14
13.19
–2.06
1375
825
228
1210
18.63
20.83
–2.21
1455
750
250
1164
15.41
13.19
2.22
1375
810
232
1188
17.12
19.44
–2.32
1375
765
246
1122
12.24
14.58
–2.34
1380
750
250
1104
10.81
13.19
–2.38
1375
780
241
1144
13.93
16.32
–2.39
1375
795
236
1166
15.56
18.06
–2.50
1460
750
250
1168
15.70
13.19
2.51
1375
750
250
1100
10.49
13.19
–2.70
1465
750
250
1172
15.99
13.19
2.79
1370
750
250
1096
10.16
13.19
–3.03
A-38
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-19. Overscan Values 800 x 600 PAL-BDGHI, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution, 3:2 Clocking Mode (2 of
3)
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Delta
1470
750
250
1176
16.27
13.19
3.08
1365
750
250
1092
9.83
13.19
–3.36
1475
750
250
1180
16.56
13.19
3.36
1480
750
250
1184
16.84
13.19
3.65
1360
750
250
1088
9.50
13.19
–3.69
1350
825
228
1188
17.12
20.83
–3.71
1350
800
235
1152
14.53
18.40
–3.87
1485
750
250
1188
17.12
13.19
3.93
1355
750
250
1084
9.17
13.19
–4.03
1350
775
242
1116
11.77
15.97
–4.20
1490
750
250
1192
17.40
13.19
4.20
1495
750
250
1196
17.67
13.19
4.48
1500
785
239
1256
21.61
17.01
4.59
1500
775
242
1240
20.60
15.97
4.62
1500
750
250
1200
17.95
13.19
4.75
1500
780
241
1248
21.10
16.32
4.79
1500
760
247
1216
19.03
14.24
4.79
1500
770
244
1232
20.08
15.28
4.80
1500
745
252
1192
17.40
12.50
4.90
1500
730
257
1168
15.70
10.76
4.94
1500
755
249
1208
18.49
13.54
4.95
1500
765
246
1224
19.56
14.58
4.97
1505
750
250
1204
18.22
13.19
5.03
1500
740
254
1184
16.84
11.81
5.03
1500
725
259
1160
15.12
10.07
5.05
1500
720
261
1152
14.53
9.38
5.15
1500
735
256
1176
16.27
11.11
5.16
1500
715
263
1144
13.93
8.68
5.25
1325
825
228
1166
15.56
20.83
–5.28
1510
750
250
1208
18.49
13.19
5.30
100381B
Conexant
A-39
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-19. Overscan Values 800 x 600 PAL-BDGHI, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution, 3:2 Clocking Mode (3 of
3)
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Delta
1515
750
250
1212
18.76
13.19
5.57
1520
750
250
1216
19.03
13.19
5.83
1525
750
250
1220
19.29
13.19
6.10
1530
750
250
1224
19.56
13.19
6.36
1535
750
250
1228
19.82
13.19
6.63
1540
750
250
1232
20.08
13.19
6.89
1300
825
228
1144
13.93
20.83
–6.90
1545
750
250
1236
20.34
13.19
7.14
1550
750
250
1240
20.60
13.19
7.40
1555
750
250
1244
20.85
13.19
7.66
1560
750
250
1248
21.10
13.19
7.91
1565
750
250
1252
21.36
13.19
8.16
1570
750
250
1256
21.61
13.19
8.41
1275
825
228
1122
12.24
20.83
–8.59
1575
750
250
1260
21.86
13.19
8.66
1275
800
235
1088
9.50
18.40
–8.90
1575
725
259
1218
19.16
10.07
9.09
1250
822
229
1096
10.16
20.49
–10.32
1250
825
228
1100
10.49
20.83
–10.34
1250
828
227
1104
10.81
21.18
–10.37
1250
831
226
1108
11.14
21.53
–10.39
1250
834
225
1112
11.46
21.88
–10.42
1250
813
231
1084
9.17
19.79
–10.62
1250
816
230
1088
9.50
20.14
–10.64
1250
819
229
1092
9.83
20.49
–10.65
1625
720
261
1248
21.10
9.38
11.73
A-40
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-20. Overscan Values 800 x 600 PAL-BDGHI, Character Clock-Based Controller, 8-Pixel Resolution, 3:2 Clocking
Mode
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Delta
1400
825
228
1232
20.08
20.83
–0.75
1400
750
250
1120
12.09
13.19
–1.11
1440
750
250
1152
14.53
13.19
1.34
1480
750
250
1184
16.84
13.19
3.65
1360
750
250
1088
9.50
13.19
–3.69
1520
750
250
1216
19.03
13.19
5.83
1560
750
250
1248
21.10
13.19
7.91
Table A-21. Overscan Values 800 x 600 PAL-BDGHI, Character Clock-Based Controller, 9-Pixel Resolution, 3:2 Clocking
Mode
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Delta
1440
750
250
1152
14.53
13.19
1.34
1395
750
250
1116
11.77
13.19
–1.42
1350
825
228
1188
17.12
20.83
–3.71
1350
800
235
1152
14.53
18.40
–3.87
1485
750
250
1188
17.12
13.19
3.93
1350
775
242
1116
11.77
15.97
–4.20
1530
750
250
1224
19.56
13.19
6.36
1575
750
250
1260
21.86
13.19
8.66
1575
725
259
1218
19.16
10.07
9.09
100381B
Conexant
A-41
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-22. Overscan Values 1024 x 768 NTSC, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution, >1.50 µs. Hblank (1 of 4)
Graphics Controller
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
A-42
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Delta
1173
1050
192
1564
20.97
20.99
-0.01
1170
945
214
1404
11.97
11.93
0.03
1170
1015
199
1508
18.04
18.11
-0.07
1170
980
206
1456
15.11
15.23
-0.11
1175
1008
200
1504
17.82
17.7
0.13
1176
1050
192
1568
21.18
20.99
0.19
1170
1050
192
1560
20.77
20.99
-0.22
1176
975
207
1456
15.11
14.81
0.3
1165
945
214
1398
11.59
11.93
-0.34
1179
1050
192
1572
21.38
20.99
0.39
1175
945
214
1410
12.34
11.93
0.41
1167
1050
192
1556
20.57
20.99
-0.42
1182
1050
192
1576
21.58
20.99
0.59
1164
1050
192
1552
20.36
20.99
-0.63
1160
945
214
1392
11.21
11.93
-0.73
1180
945
214
1416
12.71
11.93
0.78
1185
1050
192
1580
21.77
20.99
0.79
1161
1050
192
1548
20.16
20.99
-0.83
1188
1050
192
1584
21.97
20.99
0.98
1158
1050
192
1544
19.95
20.99
-1.04
1155
945
214
1386
10.82
11.93
-1.11
1155
1005
201
1474
16.15
17.28
-1.14
1155
1020
198
1496
17.38
18.52
-1.14
1185
945
214
1422
13.08
11.93
1.15
1155
990
204
1452
14.88
16.05
-1.17
1155
1035
195
1518
18.58
19.75
-1.17
1190
1035
195
1564
20.97
19.75
1.22
1155
1050
192
1540
19.74
20.99
-1.25
1155
975
207
1430
13.57
14.81
-1.25
1155
930
217
1364
9.39
10.7
-1.31
1190
990
204
1496
17.38
16.05
1.33
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-22. Overscan Values 1024 x 768 NTSC, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution, >1.50 µs. Hblank (2 of 4)
Graphics Controller
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Delta
1155
960
210
1408
12.22
13.58
-1.36
1152
1050
192
1536
19.53
20.99
-1.45
1150
945
214
1380
10.44
11.93
-1.5
1190
945
214
1428
13.45
11.93
1.51
1150
1008
200
1472
16.03
17.7
-1.66
1149
1050
192
1532
19.32
20.99
-1.66
1197
1025
197
1558
20.67
18.93
1.74
1197
975
207
1482
16.6
14.81
1.79
1197
925
218
1406
12.09
10.29
1.8
1197
1000
202
1520
18.69
16.87
1.81
1200
1029
196
1568
21.18
19.34
1.83
1200
1008
200
1536
19.53
17.7
1.84
1195
945
214
1434
13.81
11.93
1.88
1146
1050
192
1528
19.11
20.99
-1.88
1145
945
214
1374
10.05
11.93
-1.89
1200
966
209
1472
16.03
13.99
2.04
1197
950
213
1444
14.41
12.35
2.06
1143
1050
192
1524
18.9
20.99
-2.09
1200
987
205
1504
17.82
15.64
2.18
1200
945
214
1440
14.17
11.93
2.23
1140
945
214
1368
9.65
11.93
-2.28
1140
1050
192
1520
18.69
20.99
-2.3
1200
924
219
1408
12.22
9.88
2.34
1137
1050
192
1516
18.47
20.99
-2.52
1205
945
214
1446
14.52
11.93
2.59
1134
1025
197
1476
16.26
18.93
-2.67
1135
945
214
1362
9.25
11.93
-2.68
1134
950
213
1368
9.65
12.35
-2.69
1134
1000
202
1440
14.17
16.87
-2.7
1134
1050
192
1512
18.26
20.99
-2.73
1134
975
207
1404
11.97
14.81
-2.85
100381B
Conexant
A-43
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-22. Overscan Values 1024 x 768 NTSC, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution, >1.50 µs. Hblank (3 of 4)
Graphics Controller
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
A-44
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Delta
1210
945
214
1452
14.88
11.93
2.94
1215
1015
199
1566
21.07
18.11
2.97
1215
980
206
1512
18.26
15.23
3.03
1218
975
207
1508
18.04
14.81
3.22
1215
945
214
1458
15.23
11.93
3.29
1125
987
205
1410
12.34
15.64
-3.3
1125
973
208
1390
11.08
14.4
-3.32
1125
959
211
1370
9.78
13.17
-3.39
1225
1008
200
1568
21.18
17.7
3.48
1125
994
203
1420
12.96
16.46
-3.5
1125
980
206
1400
11.72
15.23
-3.51
1125
966
209
1380
10.44
13.99
-3.56
1225
999
202
1554
20.47
16.87
3.59
1125
952
212
1360
9.12
12.76
-3.64
1220
945
214
1464
15.58
11.93
3.64
1225
990
204
1540
19.74
16.05
3.69
1225
1017
199
1582
21.87
18.11
3.77
1225
981
206
1526
19.01
15.23
3.78
1225
972
208
1512
18.26
14.4
3.85
1225
963
210
1498
17.49
13.58
3.91
1225
954
212
1484
16.71
12.76
3.96
1225
918
220
1428
13.45
9.47
3.98
1225
945
214
1470
15.92
11.93
3.99
1225
927
218
1442
14.29
10.29
4
1225
936
216
1456
15.11
11.11
4
1230
945
214
1476
16.26
11.93
4.33
1239
975
207
1534
19.43
14.81
4.61
1235
945
214
1482
16.6
11.93
4.67
1240
945
214
1488
16.94
11.93
5
1245
945
214
1494
17.27
11.93
5.34
1250
945
214
1500
17.6
11.93
5.67
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-22. Overscan Values 1024 x 768 NTSC, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution, >1.50 µs. Hblank (4 of 4)
Graphics Controller
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Delta
1260
990
204
1584
21.97
16.05
5.92
1260
985
205
1576
21.58
15.64
5.94
1260
980
206
1568
21.18
15.23
5.95
1260
960
210
1536
19.53
13.58
5.95
1260
975
207
1560
20.77
14.81
5.96
1260
965
209
1544
19.95
13.99
5.96
1260
970
208
1552
20.36
14.4
5.96
1255
945
214
1506
17.93
11.93
6
1260
925
218
1480
16.49
10.29
6.2
1260
930
217
1488
16.94
10.7
6.24
1260
935
216
1496
17.38
11.11
6.27
1260
940
215
1504
17.82
11.52
6.3
1260
945
214
1512
18.26
11.93
6.32
1260
950
213
1520
18.69
12.35
6.34
1260
955
212
1528
19.11
12.76
6.35
1260
915
221
1464
15.58
9.05
6.52
1260
920
220
1472
16.03
9.47
6.57
1265
945
214
1518
18.58
11.93
6.64
1270
945
214
1524
18.9
11.93
6.97
1275
966
209
1564
20.97
13.99
6.98
100381B
Conexant
A-45
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-23. Overscan Values 1024 x 768 NTSC, Character Clock-Based Controller, 8-Pixel Resolution, >1.50 µs HBlank
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Delta
1176
1050
192
1568
21.18
20.99
0.19
1176
975
207
1456
15.11
14.81
0.30
1160
945
214
1392
11.21
11.93
–0.73
1152
1050
192
1536
19.53
20.99
–1.45
1200
1029
196
1568
21.18
19.34
1.83
1200
1008
200
1536
19.53
17.70
1.84
1200
966
209
1472
16.03
13.99
2.04
1200
987
205
1504
17.82
15.64
2.18
1200
945
214
1440
14.17
11.93
2.23
1200
924
219
1408
12.22
9.88
2.34
1240
945
214
1488
16.94
11.93
5.00
1280
945
214
1536
19.53
11.93
7.60
1320
945
214
1584
21.97
11.93
10.04
1176
1050
192
1568
21.18
20.99
0.19
1176
975
207
1456
15.11
14.81
0.30
1160
945
214
1392
11.21
11.93
–0.73
1152
1050
192
1536
19.53
20.99
–1.45
1200
1029
196
1568
21.18
19.34
1.83
1200
1008
200
1536
19.53
17.70
1.84
1200
966
209
1472
16.03
13.99
2.04
1200
987
205
1504
17.82
15.64
2.18
1200
945
214
1440
14.17
11.93
2.23
1200
924
219
1408
12.22
9.88
2.34
1128
1050
192
1504
17.82
20.99
–3.17
1240
945
214
1488
16.94
11.93
5.00
1280
945
214
1536
19.53
11.93
7.60
A-46
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-24. Overscan Values 1024 x 768 NTSC, Character Clock-Based Controller, 9-Pixel Resolution (1 of 2)
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Delta
1170
945
214
1404
11.97
11.93
0.03
1170
1015
199
1508
18.04
18.11
–0.07
1170
980
206
1456
15.11
15.23
–0.11
1170
1050
192
1560
20.77
20.99
–0.22
1179
1050
192
1572
21.38
20.99
0.39
1161
1050
192
1548
20.16
20.99
–0.83
1188
1050
192
1584
21.97
20.99
0.98
1152
1050
192
1536
19.53
20.99
–1.45
1197
1025
197
1558
20.67
18.93
1.74
1197
975
207
1482
16.60
14.81
1.79
1197
925
218
1406
12.09
10.29
1.80
1197
1000
202
1520
18.69
16.87
1.81
1197
950
213
1444
14.41
12.35
2.06
1143
1050
192
1524
18.90
20.99
–2.09
1134
1025
197
1476
16.26
18.93
–2.67
1134
950
213
1368
9.65
12.35
–2.69
1134
1000
202
1440
14.17
16.87
–2.70
1134
1050
192
1512
18.26
20.99
–2.73
1134
975
207
1404
11.97
14.81
–2.85
1215
1015
199
1566
21.07
18.11
2.97
1215
980
206
1512
18.26
15.23
3.03
1215
945
214
1458
15.23
11.93
3.29
1125
987
205
1410
12.34
15.64
–3.30
1125
1001
202
1430
13.57
16.87
–3.30
1125
973
208
1390
11.08
14.40
–3.32
1125
959
211
1370
9.78
13.17
–3.39
1125
994
203
1420
12.96
16.46
–3.50
1125
980
206
1400
11.72
15.23
–3.51
1125
966
209
1380
10.44
13.99
–3.56
1125
952
212
1360
9.12
12.76
–3.64
100381B
Conexant
A-47
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-24. Overscan Values 1024 x 768 NTSC, Character Clock-Based Controller, 9-Pixel Resolution (2 of 2)
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Delta
1260
990
204
1584
21.97
16.05
5.92
1260
985
205
1576
21.58
15.64
5.94
1260
980
206
1568
21.18
15.23
5.95
1260
960
210
1536
19.53
13.58
5.95
1260
975
207
1560
20.77
14.81
5.96
1260
965
209
1544
19.95
13.99
5.96
1260
970
208
1552
20.36
14.40
5.96
1260
925
218
1480
16.49
10.29
6.20
1260
930
217
1488
16.94
10.70
6.24
1260
935
216
1496
17.38
11.11
6.27
1260
940
215
1504
17.82
11.52
6.30
1260
945
214
1512
18.26
11.93
6.32
1260
950
213
1520
18.69
12.35
6.34
1260
955
212
1528
19.11
12.76
6.35
1260
915
221
1464
15.58
9.05
6.52
1260
920
220
1472
16.03
9.47
6.57
A-48
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-25. Overscan Values 1024 x 768 PAL-BDGHI, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution, >3 µs Hblank (1 of 3)
Graphics Controller
Total
Encoder Pixels
Active
Total
Overscan (Percent)
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Delta
1425
1000
240
1520
17.09
16.67
0.42
1410
1000
240
1504
16.2
16.67
-0.46
1425
1050
229
1596
21.03
20.49
0.55
1425
950
253
1444
12.72
12.15
0.57
1425
925
260
1406
10.36
9.72
0.64
1425
1025
235
1558
19.11
18.4
0.7
1425
975
247
1482
14.96
14.24
0.72
1400
975
247
1456
13.44
14.24
-0.8
1400
1050
229
1568
19.62
20.49
-0.86
1440
1000
240
1536
17.95
16.67
1.28
1395
1000
240
1488
15.3
16.67
-1.36
1455
1000
240
1552
18.79
16.67
2.13
1450
975
247
1508
16.43
14.24
2.19
1375
1065
226
1562
19.31
21.53
-2.21
1380
1000
240
1472
14.38
16.67
-2.29
1375
1020
236
1496
15.75
18.06
-2.3
1375
1050
229
1540
18.16
20.49
-2.32
1375
975
247
1430
11.87
14.24
-2.37
1375
990
243
1452
13.2
15.62
-2.42
1375
1035
232
1518
16.98
19.44
-2.47
1375
1005
239
1474
14.5
17.01
-2.52
1375
960
250
1408
10.49
13.19
-2.7
1375
945
254
1386
9.07
11.81
-2.74
1470
1000
240
1568
19.62
16.67
2.96
1365
1000
240
1456
13.44
16.67
-3.23
1475
975
247
1534
17.84
14.24
3.61
1485
1000
240
1584
20.44
16.67
3.77
1350
1025
235
1476
14.61
18.4
-3.79
1350
1050
229
1512
16.65
20.49
-3.84
1350
975
247
1404
10.23
14.24
-4
1350
1000
240
1440
12.48
16.67
-4.19
100381B
Conexant
A-49
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-25. Overscan Values 1024 x 768 PAL-BDGHI, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution, >3 µs Hblank (2 of 3)
Graphics Controller
Total
Encoder Pixels
Active
Total
Overscan (Percent)
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Delta
1500
1000
240
1600
21.23
16.67
4.56
1500
1005
239
1608
21.62
17.01
4.61
1500
1010
238
1616
22.01
17.36
4.65
1500
980
245
1568
19.62
14.93
4.69
1500
985
244
1576
20.03
15.28
4.75
1500
960
250
1536
17.95
13.19
4.75
1500
990
243
1584
20.44
15.62
4.81
1500
965
249
1544
18.37
13.54
4.83
1500
945
254
1512
16.65
11.81
4.84
1500
995
242
1592
20.83
15.97
4.86
1500
970
248
1552
18.79
13.89
4.91
1500
950
253
1520
17.09
12.15
4.93
1500
975
247
1560
19.21
14.24
4.97
1500
935
257
1496
15.75
10.76
4.99
1500
920
261
1472
14.38
9.38
5.01
1500
955
252
1528
17.52
12.5
5.02
1500
940
256
1504
16.2
11.11
5.09
1500
925
260
1480
14.84
9.72
5.12
1335
1000
240
1424
11.5
16.67
-5.17
1500
930
259
1488
15.3
10.07
5.23
1500
915
263
1464
13.91
8.68
5.23
1515
1000
240
1616
22.01
16.67
5.34
1325
1050
229
1484
15.07
20.49
-5.41
1320
1000
240
1408
10.49
16.67
-6.18
1525
975
247
1586
20.54
14.24
6.3
1300
1050
229
1456
13.44
20.49
-7.05
1305
1000
240
1392
9.46
16.67
-7.21
1550
975
247
1612
21.82
14.24
7.58
1275
1050
229
1428
11.74
20.49
-8.74
1275
1025
235
1394
9.59
18.4
-8.81
1575
950
253
1596
21.03
12.15
8.88
A-50
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-25. Overscan Values 1024 x 768 PAL-BDGHI, Pixel-Based Controller, 1-Pixel Resolution, >3 µs Hblank (3 of 3)
Graphics Controller
Total
Encoder Pixels
Active
Total
Overscan (Percent)
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Delta
1575
925
260
1554
18.9
9.72
9.18
1250
1065
226
1420
11.25
21.53
-10.2
1250
1056
228
1408
10.49
20.83
-10.3
1250
1068
225
1424
11.5
21.88
-10.3
1250
1047
230
1396
9.72
20.14
-10.4
1250
1059
227
1412
10.74
21.18
-10.4
1250
1038
232
1384
8.94
19.44
-10.5
1250
1050
229
1400
9.98
20.49
-10.5
1250
1062
226
1416
11
21.53
-10.5
1250
1041
231
1388
9.2
19.79
-10.5
1250
1053
228
1404
10.23
20.83
-10.6
1250
1044
230
1392
9.46
20.14
-10.6
1625
930
259
1612
21.82
10.07
11.75
1625
915
263
1586
20.54
8.68
11.85
100381B
Conexant
A-51
CX25870/871
Appendix A Scaling and I/0 Timing Register Calculations
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table A-26. 1024 x 768 PAL-BDGHI, Character Clock-Based Controller, 8-Pixel Resolution, >4 µs Hblank
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Delta
1400
975
247
1456
13.44
14.24
-0.8
1400
1050
229
1568
19.62
20.49
-0.86
1440
1000
240
1536
17.95
16.67
1.28
1320
1000
240
1408
10.49
16.67
-6.18
Table A-27. Overscan Values 1024 x 768 PAL-BDGHI, Character Clock-Based Controller, 9-Pixel Resolution
Controller Pixels
Encoder Pixels
Overscan (Percent)
Total
Active
Total
H_CLKI
V_LINESI
V_ACTIVEO
H_CLKO
Horizontal
Vertical
Delta
1440
1000
240
1536
17.95
16.67
1.28
1395
1000
240
1488
15.3
16.67
-1.36
1485
1000
240
1584
20.44
16.67
3.77
1350
1025
235
1476
14.61
18.4
-3.79
1350
1050
229
1512
16.65
20.49
-3.84
1350
975
247
1404
10.23
14.24
-4
1350
1000
240
1440
12.48
16.67
-4.19
1305
1000
240
1392
9.46
16.67
-7.21
1575
950
253
1596
21.03
12.15
8.88
1575
925
260
1554
18.9
9.72
9.18
A-52
Conexant
100381B
B
Appendix B Approved Crystal Vendors
Conexant conducted a series of internal tests and used the results to generate this
list of approved crystal vendors for the CX25870/871. Manufacturers not
appearing in this list may be acceptable, but verification testing on the target PCB
with samples is recommended.
Standard Crystal (El Monte, CA)
Phone Number:
FAX Number:
E-mail:
(626) 443-2121
(626) 443-9049
[email protected]
Part Numbers for 13.500 MHz, Fundamental, 20 pF Load Crystal with an HC49U
Type of Package:
Full Height/50 ppm Total Tolerance:
Half-Height/50 ppm:
Full Height/25 ppm:
AAL13M500000GXE20A
AAK13M500000GXE20A
Did Not Qualify
MMD Components (Irvine, CA)
Phone Number:
FAX Number:
E-mail:
Internet:
(949) 753-5888
(949) 753-5889
[email protected]
www.mmdcomp.com
Part Numbers for 13.500 MHz, Fundamental, 20 pF Load Crystal with an HC49U
Type of Package:
Full Height/50ppm Total Tolerance:
Half-Height/50 ppm:
Full Height/25 ppm:
Half Height/25 ppm:
A20BA1-13.500 MHz
B20BA1-13.500 MHz
MMC-135-13.500 MHz (not tested)
MMC-136-13.500 MHz (not tested)
General Electronics Devices (San Marcos, CA)
Phone Number:
FAX Number:
E-mail:
Internet:
(760) 591-4170
(760) 591-4164
[email protected]
www.gedlm.com
Part Numbers for 13.500 MHz, Fundamental, 20 pF Load Crystal with an HC49U
Type of Package:
Full Height/50 ppm Total Tolerance:
Half-Height/50 ppm:
Full Height/25 ppm:
Half-Height/25 ppm:
100381B
Conexant
PKHC49-13.500-.020-.005
PKHC49/-13.500-.020-.005
PKHC49/-13.500-.020-.0025-15R
PKHC49/-13.500-.020-.0025
B-1
CX25870/871
Appendix B Approved Crystal Vendors
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Fox Electronics (Fort Myers, FL)
Phone Number:
FAX Number:
E-mail:
Internet:
(941) 693-0099
(941) 693-1554
[email protected]
www.foxonline.com
Part Numbers for 13.500 MHz, Fundamental, 20 pF Load Crystal with an HC49U
Type of Package:
Full-Height/50 ppm Total Tolerance:
Half-Height/50 ppm:
Full-Height/25 ppm:
Half-Height/25 ppm:
HC49U-13.500 /50/0/70/20 pF
HC49S-13.500/50/0/70/20 pF
HC49U-13.500 /25/0/70/20 pF
HC49S-13.500 /25/0/70/20 pF (not tested)
Bomar Crystal Co. (Middlesex, NJ)
Phone Number:
FAX Number:
E-mail:
Internet:
(732) 356-7787
(732) 356-7362
[email protected]
www.bomarcrystal.com
Part Numbers for 13.500 MHz, Fundamental, 20 pF Load Crystal with an HC49U
Type of Package:
Full Height/50 ppm Total Tolerance:
Half Height/50 ppm:
Full Height/25 ppm:
Half Height/25 ppm:
BRC1C14F-13.50000 or
(BC1DDA120-13.50000)
ACR-49S012025-13.50000 or
(BC14DDA120-13.50000)
BRCIH14F-13.50000 or
(BC1AAA120-13.50000
BC14AAA120-13.50000 (not tested)
ILSI America (Reno, NV)
Phone Number:
FAX Number:
E-mail:
Internet:
(775) 851-8880x103 / (888)355-4574
(775) 851-8882
[email protected]
www.ilsiamerica.com
Part Numbers for 13.500 MHz, Fundamental, 20 pF Load Crystal with an HC49U
Type of Package:
Full Height/50 ppm Total Tolerance:
Half Height/50 ppm:
Full Height/25 ppm:
B-2
Conexant
HC49U-25/25-13.500-20
HC49US-FB1F20-13.500
Did Not Qualify
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix B Approved Crystal Vendors
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Cardinal Components (Wayne, NJ)
Phone Number:
FAX Number:
E-mail:
Internet:
(973) 785-1333
(973) 785-0053
[email protected]
www.cardinalxtal.com
Part Numbers for 13.500 MHz, Fundamental, 20 pF Load Crystal with an HC49U
Type of Package:
Full Height/50 ppm Total Tolerance:
Half Height/50 ppm:
Full Height/25 ppm:
Half Height/25 ppm
C49-A4BRC7-50-13.5D20
CLP-A4BRC7-70-13.5D20
C49-A4B6C4-25-13.5D20
CLP-A4B6C4-25-13.5D20
Raltron Electronics Corp. (Miami, FL)
Phone Number:
FAX Number:
E-mail:
Internet:
(305) 593-6033
(305) 594-3973
[email protected]
www.raltron.com
Part Numbers for 13.500 MHz, Fundamental, 20 pF Load Crystal with an HC49U
Type of Package:
Full Height/50 ppm Total Tolerance:
Half Height/50 ppm:
Full Height/25 ppm:
Half Height/25ppm:
A-13.500-20-RS1
AS-13.500-20-RS1
A-13.500-20-RS1
AS-13.500-20-SMD-NV
Valpey-Fisher (Hopkinton, MA)
Phone Number:
FAX Number:
Internet:
(508) 435-6831
(508) 435-5289
www.valpeyfisher.com
Part Numbers for 13.500 MHz, Fundamental, 20 pF Load Crystal with an HC49U
Type of Package:
Full Height/50 ppm Total Tolerance:
Half Height/50 ppm:
Full Height/25 ppm:
M490013.500020RSVM
M49K013.50002099VM
M490013.50002099VM
Corning Frequency Control (Mount Holly Springs, PA)
Phone Number:
(717) 486-3411
FAX Number:(717) 486-5920
[email protected]
www.corningfrequency.com
E-mail:
Internet:
Part Numbers for 13.500 MHz, Fundamental, 20 pF Load Crystal with an HC49U
Type of Package:
Full Height/50 ppm Total Tolerance:
Half Height/50 ppm:
Full Height/25 ppm:
Half Height/25 ppm:
100381B
Conexant
TQ RSD 13.5FH50
TQ RSD 13.5LP50
TQ RSD 13.5FH25
TQ RSD 13.5LP25 (not tested)
B-3
CX25870/871
Appendix B Approved Crystal Vendors
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
B-4
Conexant
100381B
C
Appendix C Autoconfiguration Mode
Register Values and Details
Table C-1. CX25870/871 Register Values for Autoconfiguration Modes 0–4 (1 of 3)
Autoconfiguration Mode #
0
1
2
3
4
Auto-Config Register (index
0xB8) Hexadecimal Value:
00
01
02
03
04
Desktop
Desktop
Desktop
Desktop
Desktop
RGB
RGB
RGB
RGB
YCrCb
640x480
640x480
800x600
800x600
640x480
Overscan Ratio:
Lower
Standard
Alternate
Lower
Lower
Horizontal Overscan
Ratio/Percentage (HOC):
13.79
16.56
21.62
14.53
13.79
Vertical Overscan
Ratio/Percentage (VOC):
13.58
16.67
11.52
13.19
13.58
Overscan Percentages Delta
(HOC - VOC):
0.21
–0.11
10.10
1.34
0.21
H_CLKI = HTOTAL
784
944
880
960
784
VLINES_I = VTOTAL
600
625
735
750
600
H_BLANKI = Horizontal
Blanking Region
126
266
66
140
126
V_BLANKI = Vertical
Blanking Region
75
90
86
95
75
Type of Video Output:
NTSC
PAL-BDGHI
NTSC
PAL-BDGHI
NTSC
Frequency of CLK (Hz)
28195793
29500008
38769241
36000000
28195793
Type of Clock:
Pixel or
Character
Pixel or
Character
Pixel or
Character
Pixel or
Character
Pixel or
Character
Purpose of mode:
Type of Digital Input:
Active Resolution:
100381B
Conexant
C-1
CX25870/871
Appendix C Autoconfiguration Mode Register Values and Details
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table C-1. CX25870/871 Register Values for Autoconfiguration Modes 0–4 (2 of 3)
Autoconfiguration Mode #
0
1
2
3
4
Register Address
Register
Value
Register
Value
Register
Value
Register
Value
Register
Value
0x38
00
00
00
00
00
0x76
00
60
A0
00
00
0x78
80
80
20
20
80
0x7A
84
8A
B6
AA
84
0x7C
96
A6
CE
CA
96
0x7E
60
68
B4
9A
60
0x80
7D
C1
55
0D
7D
0x82
22
2E
20
29
22
0x84
D4
F2
D8
FC
D4
0x86
27
27
39
39
27
0x88
00
00
00
00
00
0x8A
10
B0
70
C0
10
0x8C
7E
0A
42
8C
7E
0x8E
03
0B
03
03
03
0x90
58
71
DF
EE
58
0x92
4B
5A
56
5F
4B
0x94
E0
E0
58
58
E0
0x96
36
36
3A
3A
36
0x98
92
00
CD
66
92
0x9A
54
50
9C
96
54
0x9C
0E
72
14
00
0E
0x9E
88
1C
3B
00
88
0xA0
0C
0D
11
10
0C
0xA2
0A
24
0A
24
0A
0xA4
E5
F0
E5
F0
E5
0xA6
76
58
74
57
76
0xA8
79
81
77
80
79
0xAA
44
49
43
48
44
0xAC
85
8C
85
8C
85
0xAE
00
0C
BA
18
00
C-2
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix C Autoconfiguration Mode Register Values and Details
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table C-1. CX25870/871 Register Values for Autoconfiguration Modes 0–4 (3 of 3)
Autoconfiguration Mode #
0
1
2
3
4
0xB0
00
8C
E8
28
00
0xB2
80
79
A2
87
80
0xB4
20
26
17
1F
20
NOTE(S):
1. RGB digital input denotes that the CX25870/871 will be configured to receive the RGB default pixel input mode after an
autoconfiguration command which is 24-bit, RGB-multiplexed (i.e., IN_MODE[3:0] = 0000). If the desired RGB pixel input
mode is NOT 24-bit RGB-multiplexed, the CX25870/871's IN_MODE[3:0] bits must be programmed to the desired RGB pixel
input mode immediately before initiating a write to the CONFIG[5:0] bits.
2. YCrCb digital input denotes that the CX25870/871 will be configured to receive YCrCb pixel data after an autoconfiguration
command. The CX25870/871's IN_MODE[3:0] bits must be programmed to the desired YCrCb pixel input mode immediately
before initiating a write to the CONFIG[5:0] bits.
3. CX25870/871 registers not listed in this table (including IN_MODE[3:0]) do not get reprogrammed as a result of an
autoconfiguration command.
4. Pixel or Character signifies that this overscan ratio is acceptable for 8-clock per character graphics controllers or pixel-clock
controllers.
5. The CX25870/871 will be in master interface immediately after any autoconfiguration mode EXCEPT Mode 28 and Mode 29.
6. Mode 44 would ideally have 858 clocks per line. However, since 858 is not a multiple of 8, then 880 clocks per line was
utilized instead.
7. These autoconfiguration values assume a 13.500 MHz crystal resides between the XTALIN and XTALOUT pins. If the
14318_XTAL bit is set, then these autoconfiguration values will automatically change to reflect the presence of a 14.318 MHz
crystal.
100381B
Conexant
C-3
CX25870/871
Appendix C Autoconfiguration Mode Register Values and Details
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table C-2. CX25870/871 Register Values for Autoconfiguration Modes 5–10 (1 of 2)
Autoconfiguration Mode #
5
6
7
8
9
10
Auto-Config Register (index
0xB8) Hexadecimal Value:
05
06
07
10
11
12
Purpose of Mode:
Desktop
Desktop
Desktop
Boot-Up
Screen
Boot-Up
Screen
Desktop
Type of Digital Input:
YCrCb
YCrCb
YCrCb
RGB
RGB
RGB
Active Resolution:
640x480
800x600
800x600
640x400
640x400
1024x768
Overscan Ratio:
Standard
Alternate
Lower
Standard
Standard
Standard
Horizontal Overscan
Ratio/Percentage (HOC):
16.56
21.62
14.53
17.47
15.12
15.11
Vertical Overscan
Ratio/Percentage (VOC):
16.67
11.52
13.19
17.70
13.19
14.81
Overscan Percentages Delta
(HOC - VOC):
–0.11
10.10
1.34
–0.23
1.93
0.30
H_CLKI = HTOTAL
944
880
960
936
1160
1176
VLINES_I = VTOTAL
625
735
750
525
500
975
H_BLANKI = Horizontal
Blanking Region
266
66
140
259
363
133
V_BLANKI = Vertical
Blanking Region
90
86
95
76
64
130
Type of Video Output:
PAL-BDGHI
NTSC
PAL-BDGHI
NTSC
PAL-BDGHI
NTSC
Frequency of CLK (Hz)
29500008
38769241
36000000
29454552
28999992
68727276
Type of Clock:
Pixel or
Character
Pixel or
Character
Pixel or
Character
Pixel or
Character
Pixel or
Character
Pixel or
Character
Register Address
Register
Value
Register
Value
Register
Value
Register
Value
Register
Value
Register
Value
0x38
00
00
00
00
00
20
0x76
60
A0
00
50
40
60
0x78
80
20
20
80
80
00
0x7A
8A
B6
AA
8A
88
D8
0x7C
A6
CE
CA
9C
A2
F2
0x7E
68
B4
9A
6A
64
EE
0x80
C1
55
0D
A9
AF
71
0x82
2E
20
29
27
29
24
0x84
F2
D8
FC
CA
FC
D0
0x86
27
39
39
27
27
4B
0x88
00
00
00
00
00
00
0x8A
B0
70
C0
A8
88
98
C-4
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix C Autoconfiguration Mode Register Values and Details
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table C-2. CX25870/871 Register Values for Autoconfiguration Modes 5–10 (2 of 2)
Autoconfiguration Mode #
5
6
7
8
9
10
0x8C
0A
42
8C
03
6B
85
0x8E
0B
03
03
0B
0C
04
0x90
71
DF
EE
0D
F4
CF
0x92
5A
56
5F
4C
40
82
0x94
E0
58
58
90
90
00
0x96
36
3A
3A
36
35
3F
0x98
00
CD
66
00
9A
6E
0x9A
50
9C
96
50
49
AB
0x9C
72
14
00
46
8E
A3
0x9E
1C
3B
00
17
E3
8B
0xA0
0D
11
10
0D
0C
1E
0xA2
24
0A
24
0A
24
0A
0xA4
F0
E5
F0
E5
F0
E5
0xA6
58
74
57
75
58
74
0xA8
81
77
80
79
82
77
0xAA
49
43
48
44
49
43
0xAC
8C
85
8C
85
8C
85
0xAE
0C
BA
18
C7
E9
00
0xB0
8C
E8
28
71
5D
00
0xB2
79
A2
87
1C
23
00
0xB4
26
17
1F
1F
27
14
NOTE(S):
1. RGB digital input denotes that the CX25870/871 will be configured to receive the RGB default pixel input mode after an
autoconfiguration command, which is 24-bit, RGB-multiplexed (i.e., IN_MODE[3:0] = 0000). If the desired RGB pixel input
mode is NOT 24-bit RGB-multiplexed, the CX25870/871's IN_MODE[3:0] bits must be programmed to the desired RGB pixel
input mode immediately before initiating a write to the CONFIG[5:0] bits.
2. YCrCb digital input denotes that the CX25870/871 will be configured to receive YCrCb pixel data after an autoconfiguration
command. The CX25870/871's IN_MODE[3:0] bits must be programmed to the desired YCrCb pixel input mode immediately
before initiating a write to the CONFIG[5:0] bits.
3. CX25870/871 registers not listed in this table (including IN_MODE[3:0]) do not get reprogrammed as a result of an
autoconfiguration command.
4. Pixel or Character signifies that this overscan ratio is acceptable for 8-clock per character graphics controllers or pixel-clock
controllers.
5. The CX25870/871 will be in master interface immediately after any autoconfiguration mode EXCEPT Mode 28 and Mode 29.
6. Mode 44 would ideally have 858 clocks per line. However, since 858 is not a multiple of 8, then 880 clocks per line was
utilized instead.
7. These autoconfiguration values assume a 13.500 MHz crystal resides between the XTALIN and XTALOUT pins. If the
14318_XTAL bit is set, then these autoconfiguration values will automatically change to reflect the presence of a 14.318 MHz
crystal.
100381B
Conexant
C-5
CX25870/871
Appendix C Autoconfiguration Mode Register Values and Details
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table C-3. CX25870/871 Register Values for Autoconfiguration Modes 11–15 (1 of 2)
Autoconfiguration Mode #
11
12
13
14
15
Auto-Config Register (index
0xB8) Hexadecimal Value:
13
14
15
16
17
Purpose of Mode:
Desktop
Game
Game
Desktop
Desktop
Type of Digital Input:
RGB
RGB
RGB
YCrCb
YCrCb
Active Resolution:
1024x768
320x240,
Pix_Double Set
320x240,
Pix_Double Set
1024x768
1024x768
Overscan Ratio:
Standard
Standard
Standard
Higher
Higher
Horizontal Overscan
Ratio/Percentage (HOC):
13.44
13.79
15.84
15.11
13.44
Vertical Overscan
Ratio/Percentage (VOC):
14.24
13.58
19.79
14.81
14.24
Overscan Percentages Delta
(HOC - VOC):
–0.80
0.21
–3.95
0.30
–0.80
H_CLKI = HTOTAL
1400
1568
1800
1176
1400
VLINES_I = VTOTAL
975
300
325
975
975
H_BLANKI = Horizontal
Blanking Region
329
349
385
133
329
V_BLANKI = Vertical
Blanking Region
131
37
50
130
131
Type of Video Output:
PAL-BDGHI
NTSC
PAL-BDGHI
NTSC
PAL-BDGHI
Frequency of CLK (Hz)
68249989
28195793
29250000
68727276
68249989
Type of Clock:
Pixel or
Character
Pixel or
Character
Pixel or
Character
Pixel or
Character
Pixel or
Character
C-6
Register Address
Register
Value
Register
Value
Register
Value
Register
Value
Register
Value
0x38
20
40
40
20
20
0x76
60
00
50
60
60
0x78
00
80
80
00
00
0x7A
D6
84
8A
D8
D6
0x7C
FE
96
A4
F2
FE
0x7E
E6
60
66
EE
E6
0x80
87
7D
B7
71
87
0x82
2B
22
32
24
2B
0x84
F8
D5
EA
D0
F8
0x86
4B
27
27
4B
4B
0x88
00
00
00
00
00
0x8A
78
20
08
98
78
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix C Autoconfiguration Mode Register Values and Details
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table C-3. CX25870/871 Register Values for Autoconfiguration Modes 11–15 (2 of 2)
Autoconfiguration Mode #
11
12
13
14
15
0x8C
49
5D
81
85
49
0x8E
0D
1E
1F
04
0D
0x90
CF
2C
45
CF
CF
0x92
83
25
32
82
83
0x94
00
F0
F0
00
00
0x96
3F
31
31
3F
3F
0x98
EC
49
A4
6E
EC
0x9A
A1
42
40
AB
A1
0x9C
55
0E
00
A3
55
0x9E
55
88
00
8B
55
0xA0
1E
0C
0D
1E
1E
0xA2
24
0A
24
0A
24
0xA4
F0
E5
F0
E5
F0
0xA6
56
76
58
74
56
0xA8
7F
79
81
77
7F
0xAA
47
44
49
43
47
0xAC
8C
85
8C
85
8C
0xAE
57
00
32
00
57
0xB0
F8
00
BB
00
F8
0xB2
F1
80
CD
00
F1
0xB4
18
20
26
14
18
NOTE(S):
1. RGB digital input denotes that the CX25870/871 will be configured to receive the RGB default pixel input mode after an
autoconfiguration command, which is 24-bit, RGB-multiplexed (i.e., IN_MODE[3:0] = 0000). If the desired RGB pixel input
mode is NOT 24-bit RGB multiplexed, the CX25870/871's IN_MODE[3:0] bits must be programmed to the desired RGB pixel
input mode immediately before initiating a write to the CONFIG[5:0] bits.
2. YCrCb digital input denotes that the CX25870/871 will be configured to receive YCrCb pixel data after an autoconfiguration
command. The CX25870/871's IN_MODE[3:0] bits must be programmed to the desired YCrCb pixel input mode immediately
before initiating a write to the CONFIG[5:0] bits.
3. CX25870/871 registers not listed in this table (including IN_MODE[3:0]) do not get reprogrammed as a result of an
autoconfiguration command.
4. Pixel or Character signifies that this overscan ratio is acceptable for 8-clock per character graphics controllers or pixel-clock
controllers.
5. The CX25870/871 will be in master interface immediately after any autoconfiguration mode EXCEPT Mode 28 and Mode 29.
6. Mode 44 would ideally have 858 clocks per line. However, since 858 is not a multiple of 8, then 880 clocks per line was
utilized instead.
7. These autoconfiguration values assume a 13.500 MHz crystal resides between the XTALIN and XTALOUT pins. If the
14318_XTAL bit is set, then these autoconfiguration values will automatically change to reflect the presence of a 14.318 MHz
crystal.
100381B
Conexant
C-7
CX25870/871
Appendix C Autoconfiguration Mode Register Values and Details
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table C-4. CX25870/871 Register Values for Autoconfiguration Modes 16–21 (1 of 2)
Autoconfiguration Mode #
Auto-Config Register (index
0xB8) Hexadecimal Value:
16
18
19
20
Reserved
21
21
22
23
Purpose of Mode:
Desktop
Desktop
Desktop
Desktop
Type of Digital Input:
RGB
RGB
RGB
YCrCb
Active Resolution:
640x480
800x600
800x600
640x480
Overscan Ratio:
Lower
Lower
Standard
Lower
Horizontal Overscan
Ratio/Percentage (HOC):
13.63
13.79
16.42
13.63
Vertical Overscan
Ratio/Percentage (VOC):
13.19
13.58
15.97
13.19
Overscan Percentages Delta
(HOC - VOC):
0.44
0.21
0.45
0.44
H_CLKI = HTOTAL
950
1176
950
950
VLINES_I = VTOTAL
600
750
775
600
H_BLANKI = Horizontal
Blanking Region
271
329
131
271
V_BLANKI = Vertical
Blanking Region
76
94
109
76
Type of Video Output:
PAL-BDGHI
NTSC
PAL-BDGHI
PAL-BDGHI
Frequency of CLK (Hz)
28500011
52867138
36812508
28500011
Type of Clock:
Pixel Only
Pixel or
Character
Pixel Only
Pixel Only
C-8
Reserved
17
25
Register Address
Register
Value
Register
Value
Register
Value
Register
Value
0x38
00
20
00
00
0x76
20
C0
34
20
0x78
80
20
20
80
0x7A
86
A6
AE
86
0x7C
A0
BA
CE
A0
0x7E
60
98
A0
60
0x80
9D
D9
2B
9D
0x82
29
22
2D
29
0x84
FC
D4
F4
FC
0x86
27
38
39
27
0x88
00
00
00
00
0x8A
B6
98
B6
B6
0x8C
0F
49
83
0F
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix C Autoconfiguration Mode Register Values and Details
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table C-4. CX25870/871 Register Values for Autoconfiguration Modes 16–21 (2 of 2)
Autoconfiguration Mode #
16
17
18
19
20
21
0x8E
0B
0C
03
0B
0x90
58
EE
07
58
0x92
4C
5E
6D
4C
0x94
E0
58
58
E0
0x96
36
3A
3B
36
0x98
B8
B7
AE
B8
0x9A
4E
5D
97
4E
0x9C
AB
1B
72
AB
0x9E
AA
7F
5C
AA
0xA0
0C
17
10
0C
0xA2
24
0A
24
24
0xA4
F0
E5
F0
F0
0xA6
58
74
57
58
0xA8
82
78
80
82
0xAA
49
43
48
49
0xAC
8C
85
8C
8C
0xAE
2C
00
01
2C
0xB0
25
00
04
25
0xB2
D3
00
D5
D3
0xB4
27
1A
1E
27
NOTE(S):
1. RGB digital input denotes that the CX25870/871 will be configured to receive the RGB default pixel input mode after an
autoconfiguration command, which is 24-bit, RGB-multiplexed (i.e., IN_MODE[3:0] = 0000). If the desired RGB pixel input
mode is NOT 24-bit RGB-multiplexed, the CX25870/871's IN_MODE[3:0] bits must be programmed to the desired RGB pixel
input mode immediately before initiating a write to the CONFIG[5:0] bits.
2. YCrCb digital input denotes that the CX25870/871 will be configured to receive YCrCb pixel data after an autoconfiguration
command. The CX25870/871's IN_MODE[3:0] bits must be programmed to the desired YCrCb pixel input mode immediately
before initiating a write to the CONFIG[5:0] bits.
3. CX25870/871 registers not listed in this Table (including IN_MODE[3:0]) do not get reprogrammed as a result of an
autoconfiguration command.
4. Pixel or Character signifies that this overscan ratio is acceptable for 8-clock per character graphics controllers or pixel-clock
controllers.
5. The CX25870/871 will be in master interface immediately after any autoconfiguration mode EXCEPT Mode 28 and Mode 29.
6. Mode 44 would ideally have 858 clocks per line. However, since 858 is not a multiple of 8, then 880 clocks per line was
utilized instead.
7. These autoconfiguration values assume a 13.500 MHz crystal resides between the XTALIN and XTALOUT pins. If the
14318_XTAL bit is set, then these autoconfiguration values will automatically change to reflect the presence of a 14.318 MHz
crystal.
100381B
Conexant
C-9
CX25870/871
Appendix C Autoconfiguration Mode Register Values and Details
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table C-5. CX25870/871 Register Values for Autoconfiguration Modes 22–26 (1 of 2)
Autoconfiguration Mode #
22
23
24
25
26
Auto-Config Register (index
0xB8) Hexadecimal Value:
26
27
30
31
32
Purpose of Mode:
Desktop
Desktop
Boot-Up
Screen
Boot-Up
Screen
Desktop
Type of Digital Input:
YCrCb
YCrCb
RGB
RGB
RGB
Active Resolution:
800x600
800x600
720x400
720x400
1024x768
Overscan Ratio:
Lower
Standard
Standard
Standard
Lower
Horizontal Overscan
Ratio/Percentage (HOC):
13.79
16.42
17.47
15.12
11.97
Vertical Overscan
Ratio/Percentage (VOC):
13.58
15.97
17.70
13.19
11.93
Overscan Percentages Delta
(HOC - VOC):
0.21
0.45
–0.23
1.93
0.04
H_CLKI = HTOTAL
1176
950
1053
1305
1170
VLINES_I = VTOTAL
750
775
525
500
945
H_BLANKI = Horizontal
Blanking Region
329
131
291
411
127
V_BLANKI = Vertical
Blanking Region
94
109
76
64
115
Type of Video Output:
NTSC
PAL-BDGHI
NTSC
PAL-BDGHI
NTSC
Frequency of CLK (Hz)
52867138
36812508
33136345
32625000
66272724
Type of Clock:
Pixel or
Character
Pixel Only
Pixel or
9-Character
only
Pixel or
9-Character
only
Pixel Only
C-10
Register Address
Register
Value
Register
Value
Register
Value
Register
Value
Register
Value
0x38
20
00
00
00
20
0x76
C0
34
3A
28
F8
0x78
20
20
D0
D0
00
0x7A
A6
AE
9C
9A
D0
0x7C
BA
CE
B0
B6
EA
0x7E
98
A0
88
80
E0
0x80
D9
2B
DD
E3
37
0x82
22
2D
27
29
21
0x84
D4
F4
CA
FC
D7
0x86
38
39
28
28
4A
0x88
00
00
00
00
00
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix C Autoconfiguration Mode Register Values and Details
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table C-5. CX25870/871 Register Values for Autoconfiguration Modes 22–26 (2 of 2)
Autoconfiguration Mode #
22
23
24
25
26
0x8A
98
B6
1D
19
92
0x8C
49
83
23
9B
7F
0x8E
0C
03
0C
0D
04
0x90
EE
07
0D
F4
B1
0x92
5E
6D
4C
40
73
0x94
58
58
90
90
00
0x96
3A
3B
36
35
3F
0x98
B7
AE
00
9A
9A
0x9A
5D
97
50
49
A9
0x9C
1B
72
2E
00
5D
0x9E
7F
5C
BA
80
74
0xA0
17
10
0E
0E
1D
0xA2
0A
24
0A
24
0A
0xA4
E5
F0
E5
F0
E5
0xA6
74
57
75
57
74
0xA8
78
80
78
80
77
0xAA
43
48
43
48
43
0xAC
85
8C
85
8C
85
0xAE
00
01
95
97
2F
0xB0
00
04
81
1A
A1
0xB2
00
D5
A7
CA
BD
0xB4
1A
1E
1B
22
14
NOTE(S):
1. RGB digital input denotes that the CX25870/871 will be configured to receive the RGB default pixel input mode after an
autoconfiguration command, which is 24-bit, RGB-multiplexed (i.e., IN_MODE[3:0] = 0000). If the desired RGB pixel input
mode is NOT 24-bit RGB multiplexed, the CX25870/871's IN_MODE[3:0] bits must be programmed to the desired RGB pixel
input mode immediately before initiating a write to the CONFIG[5:0] bits.
2. YCrCb digital input denotes that the CX25870/871 will be configured to receive YCrCb pixel data after an autoconfiguration
command. The CX25870/871's IN_MODE[3:0] bits must be programmed to the desired YCrCb pixel input mode immediately
before initiating a write to the CONFIG[5:0] bits.
3. CX25870/871 registers not listed in this table (including IN_MODE[3:0]) do not get reprogrammed as a result of an
autoconfiguration command.
4. Pixel or Character signifies that this overscan ratio is acceptable for 8-clock per character graphics controllers or pixel-clock
controllers.
5. The CX25870/871 will be in master interface immediately after any autoconfiguration mode EXCEPT Mode 28 and Mode 29.
6. Mode 44 would ideally have 858 clocks per line. However, since 858 is not a multiple of 8, then 880 clocks per line was
utilized instead.
7. These autoconfiguration values assume a 13.500 MHz crystal resides between the XTALIN and XTALOUT pins. If the
14318_XTAL bit is set, then these autoconfiguration values will automatically change to reflect the presence of a 14.318 MHz
crystal.
100381B
Conexant
C-11
CX25870/871
Appendix C Autoconfiguration Mode Register Values and Details
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table C-6. CX25870/871 Register Values for Autoconfiguration Modes 27–30 (1 of 2)
Autoconfiguration Mode #
Auto-Config Register (index
0xB8) Hexadecimal Value:
28(5)
27
30
34
35
36
Purpose of Mode:
"DVD/CCIR601 Input,
Slave interface"
"DVD/CCIR601 Input,
Slave interface"
Desktop
Type of Digital Input:
YCrCb
YCrCb
YCrCb
Active Resolution:
720x480
720x576
1024x768
Overscan Ratio:
None (DVD
Playback)
None (DVD
Playback)
Lower
Horizontal Overscan
Ratio/Percentage (HOC):
0.00
0.00
11.97
Vertical Overscan
Ratio/Percentage (VOC):
0.00
0.00
11.93
Overscan Percentages Delta
(HOC - VOC):
0.00
0.00
0.04
H_CLKI = HTOTAL
858
864
1170
VLINES_I = VTOTAL
262
312
945
H_BLANKI = Horizontal
Blanking Region
10
10
127
V_BLANKI = Vertical
Blanking Region
19
22
115
Type of Video Output:
NTSC
PAL-BDGHI
NTSC
Frequency of CLK (Hz)
27000000
27000000
66272724
Type of Clock:
Pixel or Character
Pixel or Character
Pixel Only
Register Address
Register Value
Register Value
Register Value
0x38
10
10
20
0x76
B4
C0
F8
0x78
D0
D0
00
0x7A
7E
7E
D0
0x7C
90
98
EA
0x7E
58
54
E0
0x80
03
15
37
0x82
14
17
21
0x84
F0
20
D7
0x86
26
A6
4A
0x88
15
FA
00
0x8A
5A
60
92
0x8C
0A
0A
7F
C-12
Reserved
29(5)
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix C Autoconfiguration Mode Register Values and Details
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table C-6. CX25870/871 Register Values for Autoconfiguration Modes 27–30 (2 of 2)
28(5)
29(5)
30
0x8E
13
13
04
0x90
06
38
B1
0x92
13
16
73
0x94
F0
20
00
0x96
31
35
3F
0x98
00
00
9A
0x9A
40
40
A9
0x9C
00
00
5D
0x9E
00
00
74
0xA0
8C
8C
1D
0xA2
0A
24
0A
0xA4
E5
F0
E5
0xA6
76
59
74
0xA8
C1
CF
77
0xAA
89
93
43
0xAC
9A
A4
85
0xAE
1F
CB
2F
0xB0
7C
8A
A1
0xB2
F0
09
BD
0xB4
21
2A
14
Autoconfiguration Mode #
27
NOTE(S):
1. RGB digital input denotes that the CX25870/871 will be configured to receive the RGB default pixel input mode after an
autoconfiguration command, which is 24-bit, RGB-multiplexed (i.e., IN_MODE[3:0] = 0000). If the desired RGB pixel input
mode is NOT 24-bit RGB multiplexed, the CX25870/871's IN_MODE[3:0] bits must be programmed to the desired RGB pixel
input mode immediately before initiating a write to the CONFIG[5:0] bits.
2. YCrCb digital input denotes that the CX25870/871 will be configured to receive YCrCb pixel data after an autoconfiguration
command. The CX25870/871's IN_MODE[3:0] bits must be programmed to the desired YCrCb pixel input mode immediately
before initiating a write to the CONFIG[5:0] bits.
3. CX25870/871 registers not listed in this table (including IN_MODE[3:0]) do not get reprogrammed as a result of an
autoconfiguration command.
4. Pixel or Character signifies that this overscan ratio is acceptable for 8-clock per character graphics controllers or pixel-clock
controllers.
(5) The CX25870/871 will be in master interface immediately after any autoconfiguration mode EXCEPT Mode 28 and Mode 29.
6. Mode 44 would ideally have 858 clocks per line. However, since 858 is not a multiple of 8, then 880 clocks per line was
utilized instead.
7. These autoconfiguration values assume a 13.500 MHz crystal resides between the XTALIN and XTALOUT pins. If the
14318_XTAL bit is set, then these autoconfiguration values will automatically change to reflect the presence of a 14.318 MHz
crystal.
100381B
Conexant
C-13
CX25870/871
Appendix C Autoconfiguration Mode Register Values and Details
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table C-7. CX25870/871 Register Values for Autoconfiguration Modes 31–36 (1 of 2)
Autoconfiguration Mode #
Auto-Config Register (index
0xB8) Hexadecimal Value:
31
33
34
35
36
40
41
42
43
44
Purpose of Mode:
Desktop
Desktop
Desktop
Desktop
Desktop
Type of Digital Input:
RGB
RGB
RGB
RGB
YCrCb
Active Resolution:
640x480
640x480
800x600
800x600
640x480
Overscan Ratio:
Higher
Higher
Higher
Higher
Higher
Horizontal Overscan
Ratio/Percentage (HOC):
18.34
20.27
19.26
19.03
18.34
Vertical Overscan
Ratio/Percentage (VOC):
19.34
19.79
19.34
18.40
19.34
Overscan Percentages Delta
(HOC - VOC):
–1.00
0.48
–0.08
0.63
–1.00
H_CLKI = HTOTAL
770
950
1170
950
770
VLINES_I = VTOTAL
645
650
805
800
645
H_BLANKI = Horizontal
Blanking Region
113
271
323
131
113
V_BLANKI = Vertical
Blanking Region
100
104
125
122
100
Type of Video Output:
NTSC
PAL-BDGHI
NTSC
PAL-BDGHI
NTSC
Frequency of CLK (Hz)
29769241
30875015
56454552
37999992
29769241
Type of Clock:
Pixel Only
Pixel Only
Pixel Only
Pixel Only
Pixel Only
Register Address
Register
Value
Register
Value
Register
Value
Register
Value
Register
Value
0x38
00
00
20
00
00
0x76
64
B8
58
80
64
0x78
80
80
20
20
80
0x7A
8C
92
B0
B2
8C
0x7C
9E
AC
C8
D4
9E
0x7E
6E
72
AC
AA
6E
0x80
B5
F3
2D
57
B5
0x82
2A
33
2A
31
2A
0x84
C5
E9
C5
EC
C5
0x86
27
27
39
39
27
0x88
00
00
00
00
00
0x8A
02
B6
92
B6
02
0x8C
71
0F
43
83
71
C-14
Reserved
32
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix C Autoconfiguration Mode Register Values and Details
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table C-7. CX25870/871 Register Values for Autoconfiguration Modes 31–36 (2 of 2)
Autoconfiguration Mode #
31
32
33
34
35
36
0x8E
03
0B
0C
03
03
0x90
85
8A
25
20
85
0x92
64
68
7D
7A
64
0x94
E0
E0
58
58
E0
0x96
36
36
3B
3B
36
0x98
50
48
11
F6
50
0x9A
57
51
A1
98
57
0x9C
14
E4
46
8E
14
0x9E
3B
B8
17
E3
3B
0xA0
0D
0D
19
10
0D
0xA2
0A
24
0A
24
0A
0xA4
E5
F0
E5
F0
E5
0xA6
75
58
74
57
75
0xA8
79
81
77
7F
79
0xAA
44
48
43
48
44
0xAC
85
8C
85
8C
85
0xAE
F2
3D
21
E1
F2
0xB0
40
E7
0B
5B
40
0xB2
C8
C2
59
DE
C8
0xB4
1E
24
18
1D
1E
NOTE(S):
1. RGB digital input denotes that the CX25870/871 will be configured to receive the RGB default pixel input mode after an
autoconfiguration command, which is 24-bit, RGB-multiplexed (i.e., IN_MODE[3:0] = 0000). If the desired RGB pixel input
mode is NOT 24-bit RGB multiplexed, the CX25870/871's IN_MODE[3:0] bits must be programmed to the desired RGB pixel
input mode immediately before initiating a write to the CONFIG[5:0] bits.
2. YCrCb digital input' denotes that the CX25870/871 will be configured to receive YCrCb pixel data after an autoconfiguration
command. The CX25870/871's IN_MODE[3:0] bits must be programmed to the desired YCrCb pixel input mode immediately
before initiating a write to the CONFIG[5:0] bits.
3. CX25870/871 registers not listed in this table (including IN_MODE[3:0]) do not get reprogrammed as a result of an
autoconfiguration command.
4. Pixel or Character signifies that this overscan ratio is acceptable for 8-clock per character graphics controllers or pixel-clock
controllers.
5. The CX25870/871 will be in master interface immediately after any autoconfiguration mode EXCEPT Mode 28 and Mode 29.
6. Mode 44 would ideally have 858 clocks per line. However, since 858 is not a multiple of 8, then 880 clocks per line was
utilized instead.
7. These autoconfiguration values assume a 13.500 MHz crystal resides between the XTALIN and XTALOUT pins. If the
14318_XTAL bit is set, then these autoconfiguration values will automatically change to reflect the presence of a 14.318 MHz
crystal.
100381B
Conexant
C-15
CX25870/871
Appendix C Autoconfiguration Mode Register Values and Details
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table C-8. CX25870/871 Register Values for Autoconfiguration Modes 37–42 (1 of 2)
Autoconfiguration Mode #
37
38
39
40
41
42
Auto-Config Register (index
0xB8) Hexadecimal Value:
45
46
47
50
51
52
Purpose of Mode:
Desktop
Desktop
Desktop
Desktop
Game
Desktop
Type of Digital Input:
YCrCb
YCrCb
YCrCb
RGB
RGB
RGB
Active Resolution:
640x480
800x600
800x600
800x600
320x200,
Pix_Double Set
1024x768
Overscan Ratio:
Higher
Higher
Higher
Standard
Standard
Higher
Horizontal Overscan
Ratio/Percentage (HOC):
20.27
19.26
19.03
15.59
21.86
18.04
Vertical Overscan
Ratio/Percentage (VOC):
19.79
19.34
18.40
15.64
30.90
18.11
Overscan Percentages Delta
(HOC - VOC):
0.48
–0.08
0.63
–0.05
–9.04
–0.07
H_CLKI = HTOTAL
950
1170
950
1170
2000
1170
VLINES_I = VTOTAL
650
805
800
770
315
1015
H_BLANKI = Horizontal
Blanking Region
271
323
131
323
453
127
V_BLANKI = Vertical
Blanking Region
104
125
122
105
65
150
Type of Video Output:
PAL-BDGHI
NTSC
PAL-BDGHI
NTSC
PAL-BDGHI
NTSC
Frequency of CLK (Hz)
30875015
56454552
37999992
54000000
31500000
71181793
Type of Clock:
Pixel Only
Pixel Only
Pixel Only
Pixel Only
Pixel or
Character
Pixel Only
C-16
Register Address
Register
Value
Register
Value
Register
Value
Register
Value
Register
Value
Register
Value
0x38
00
20
00
20
40
20
0x76
B8
58
80
F0
E0
C8
0x78
80
20
20
20
80
00
0x7A
92
B0
B2
AA
94
E0
0x7C
AC
C8
D4
BE
B0
FC
0x7E
72
AC
AA
9E
78
FA
0x80
F3
2D
57
F3
09
AB
0x82
33
2A
31
25
42
28
0x84
E9
C5
EC
CE
CA
C8
0x86
27
39
39
38
27
4B
0x88
00
00
00
00
00
00
0x8A
B6
92
B6
92
D0
92
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix C Autoconfiguration Mode Register Values and Details
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table C-8. CX25870/871 Register Values for Autoconfiguration Modes 37–42 (2 of 2)
Autoconfiguration Mode #
37
38
39
40
41
42
0x8C
0F
43
83
43
C5
7F
0x8E
0B
0C
03
0C
1F
04
0x90
8A
25
20
02
3B
F7
0x92
68
7D
7A
69
41
96
0x94
E0
58
58
58
C8
00
0x96
36
3B
3B
3B
31
3F
0x98
48
11
F6
EF
21
DE
0x9A
51
A1
98
5E
80
AD
0x9C
E4
46
8E
00
00
E8
0x9E
B8
17
E3
00
00
A2
0xA0
0D
19
10
18
0E
1F
0xA2
24
0A
24
0A
24
0A
0xA4
F0
E5
F0
E5
F0
E5
0xA6
58
74
57
74
58
74
0xA8
81
77
7F
78
81
77
0xAA
48
43
48
43
48
43
0xAC
8C
85
8C
85
8C
85
0xAE
3D
21
E1
17
D3
C2
0xB0
E7
0B
5B
5D
2D
72
0xB2
C2
59
DE
74
08
4F
0xB4
24
18
1D
19
24
13
NOTE(S):
1. RGB digital input denotes that the CX25870/871 will be configured to receive the RGB default pixel input mode after an
autoconfiguration command, which is 24-bit, RGB-multiplexed (i.e., IN_MODE[3:0] = 0000). If the desired RGB pixel input
mode is NOT 24-bit RGB multiplexed, the CX25870/871's IN_MODE[3:0] bits must be programmed to the desired RGB pixel
input mode immediately before initiating a write to the CONFIG[5:0] bits.
2. YCrCb digital input denotes that the CX25870/871 will be configured to receive YCrCb pixel data after an autoconfiguration
command. The CX25870/871's IN_MODE[3:0] bits must be programmed to the desired YCrCb pixel input mode immediately
before initiating a write to the CONFIG[5:0] bits.
3. CX25870/871 registers not listed in this table (including IN_MODE[3:0]) do not get reprogrammed as a result of an
autoconfiguration command.
4. Pixel or Character signifies that this overscan ratio is acceptable for 8-clock per character graphics controllers or pixel-clock
controllers.
5. The CX25870/871 will be in master interface immediately after any autoconfiguration mode EXCEPT Mode 28 and Mode 29.
6. Mode 44 would ideally have 858 clocks per line. However, since 858 is not a multiple of 8, then 880 clocks per line was
utilized instead.
7. These autoconfiguration values assume a 13.500 MHz crystal resides between the XTALIN and XTALOUT pins. If the
14318_XTAL bit is set, then these autoconfiguration values will automatically change to reflect the presence of a 14.318 MHz
crystal.
100381B
Conexant
C-17
CX25870/871
Appendix C Autoconfiguration Mode Register Values and Details
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table C-9. CX25870/871 Register Values for Autoconfiguration Modes 43–47 (1 of 2)
Autoconfiguration Mode #
43
44
45
46
47
Auto-Config Register (index
0xB8) Hexadecimal Value:
53
54
55
56
57
Purpose of Mode:
Desktop
DVD/noninterlaced
input
Game
Desktop for
Brazil
Desktop for
Argentina
Type of Digital Input:
RGB
RGB
RGB
RGB
RGB
Active Resolution:
1024x768
720x480
320x200,
Pixel_Double Set
640x480
640x480
Overscan Ratio:
Higher
Very Low (DVD
Playback)
Standard
Standard
Standard
Horizontal Overscan
Ratio/Percentage (HOC):
16.20
1.24
20.20
13.79
16.56
Vertical Overscan
Ratio/Percentage (VOC):
16.67
1.23
21.40
13.58
16.67
Overscan Percentages Delta
(HOC - VOC):
–0.47
0.01
–1.20
0.21
–0.11
H_CLKI = HTOTAL
1410
880
1848
784
944
VLINES_I = VTOTAL
1000
525
275
600
625
H_BLANKI = Horizontal
Blanking Region
337
140
429
126
266
V_BLANKI = Vertical
Blanking Region
147
36
43
75
90
Type of Video Output:
PAL-BDGHI
NTSC
NTSC
PAL-M (Brazil)
PAL-Nc
(Argentina)
Frequency of CLK (Hz)
70499989
27692310
30461552
28195793
29500008
Type of Clock:
Pixel Only
Pixel or Character
Pixel or Character
Pixel Only
Pixel Only
C-18
Register Address
Register
Value
Register Value
Register Value
Register
Value
Register
Value
0x38
24
00
40
00
00
0x76
C0
E0
90
00
60
0x78
00
D0
80
80
80
0x7A
DC
82
90
84
8A
0x7C
08
92
A2
A4
A6
0x7E
F0
5C
72
6A
70
0x80
BF
1B
CD
7D
C1
0x82
2F
13
2B
22
2E
0x84
F1
F2
C2
D4
F2
0x86
4B
26
27
27
27
0x88
00
00
00
00
00
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix C Autoconfiguration Mode Register Values and Details
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table C-9. CX25870/871 Register Values for Autoconfiguration Modes 43–47 (2 of 2)
Autoconfiguration Mode #
43
44
45
46
47
0x8A
82
70
38
10
B0
0x8C
51
8C
AD
7E
0A
0x8E
0D
03
1F
03
0B
0x90
E8
0D
13
58
71
0x92
93
24
2B
4B
5A
0x94
00
E0
C8
E0
E0
0x96
3F
36
31
36
36
0x98
33
00
C3
92
00
0x9A
A3
50
40
54
50
0x9C
55
C5
D9
0E
72
0x9E
55
4E
89
88
1C
0xA0
1F
0C
0D
0C
0D
0xA2
24
0A
0A
2A
24
0xA4
F0
E5
E5
F0
F0
0xA6
56
76
75
57
57
0xA8
7E
79
78
80
80
0xAA
47
44
44
48
48
0xAC
8C
85
85
8C
8C
0xAE
9B
D1
33
6E
1E
0xB0
29
45
28
DB
C0
0xB2
26
17
15
76
15
0xB4
18
21
1E
20
1F
NOTE(S):
1. RGB digital input denotes that the CX25870/871 will be configured to receive the RGB default pixel input mode after an
autoconfiguration command, which is 24-bit, RGB-multiplexed (i.e., IN_MODE[3:0] = 0000). If the desired RGB pixel input
mode is NOT 24-bit RGB multiplexed, the CX25870/871’s IN_MODE[3:0] bits must be programmed to the desired RGB pixel
input mode immediately before initiating a write to the CONFIG[5:0] bits.
2. YCrCb digital input denotes that the CX25870/871 will be configured to receive YCrCb pixel data after an autoconfiguration
command. The CX25870/871's IN_MODE[3:0] bits must be programmed to the desired YCrCb pixel input mode immediately
before initiating a write to the CONFIG[5:0] bits.
3. CX25870/871 registers not listed in this table (including IN_MODE[3:0]) do not get reprogrammed as a result of an
autoconfiguration command.
4. Pixel or Character signifies that this overscan ratio is acceptable for 8-clock per character graphics controllers or pixel-clock
controllers.
5. The CX25870/871 will be in master interface immediately after any autoconfiguration mode EXCEPT Mode 28 and Mode 29.
6. Mode 44 would ideally have 858 clocks per line. However, since 858 is not a multiple of 8, then 880 clocks per line was
utilized instead.
7. These autoconfiguration values assume a 13.500 MHz crystal resides between the XTALIN and XTALOUT pins. If the
14318_XTAL bit is set, then these autoconfiguration values will automatically change to reflect the presence of a 14.318 MHz
crystal.
100381B
Conexant
C-19
Appendix C Autoconfiguration Mode Register Values and Details
CX25870/871
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
C-20
Conexant
100381B
D
Appendix D Closed Caption Pseudo
Code
/* Filename: CC_870_Function.C */
//Causes CX870/871 encoder to encode 2 bytes of data on every
Odd Field=Field 1
#include stdio.h
#include conio.h
<#include other necessary header files>
char
ables
CCdatabyte1, CCdatabyte2;
// Define global vari-
//Any graphics controller/MPEG2 Decoder is assumed to be the I2C
master for this design
//Controller/Data Master sends the CX870/871 the digital CC
bytes necessary for encoding into the Composite Video signal or
Luma signal for S-Video output
//H_CLKO[11:0] value should exist in hex format. This register
equals bits3-0 //of register 0x86 and bits 7-0 of register 0x76
870_CCEncoding_onField1(int CCdatabyte1, int CCdatabyte2, int
H_CLKO)
{
int CBITS, CC_PIPE1, CC_ADD_HEX, CCR_START_HEX, CCSEL,
ReadBit;
int ReadBitArray[8] = {0}; //initializes all element of
ReadBitArray to 0
float CC_ADD;
float CCR_START;
CBITS = 17;
CC_PIPE1=60;
CCSEL = 4;
//CCSEL[3:0] = 0100 so CC data is
encoded on line 21
//for 525-line systems and line 23 for
625-line systems
//Initialization Section
Write ECCGATE to 1;
//this is bit 3 of register C4 for
the CX870/871
//no further closed caption encoding
100381B
Conexant
D-1
CX25870/871
Appendix D Closed Caption Pseudo Code
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
will be performed
//until CCF1B1 & CCF1B2 registers are
again written;
//null will be transmitted on appropriate CC line
in this case
Write ECCF1 to 1;
//this is bit 4 of register C4 for
the CX870/871
//Enables CC encoding on Field 1
Write ECCF2 to 0;
//this is bit 5 of register C4 for
the CX870/871
//Disables CC encoding for Field 2
if (625LINE == 0)
{
//”625LINE” = bit 2 of register 0xA2
// 525-line format=NTSC is
being transmitted
//by CX870/871. This assumes
PAL-M = another //525 line
format is not allowed
[equation] CC_ADD = ($pow(2,
CBITS+5)/1716)*1716.0/H_CLKO;
//equation to determine CC_ADD
register for NTSC
CC_ADD_hex =
DEC_TO_HEX_CONVERSION(float CC_ADD);
//assumes
DEC_TO_HEX_CONVERSION
fxn //this should
already exist //somewhere in customer’s
code
Write CC_ADD(CC_ADD_hex);
//CC_ADD[11:0] register is
//comprised of
bits[3:0] of
//register 0xD4
and bits[7:0] of
//CX870/871 register 0xD2
[equation] CCR_START =
H_CLKO*10.003*27/1716 + CC_PIPE1;
//eqn to determine CCR_START
register for NTSC
CCR_START_hex = DEC_TO_HEX_CONVERSION(float
CCR_START);
//assumes
DEC_TO_HEX_CONVERSION
D-2
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix D Closed Caption Pseudo Code
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
fxn //this should
already exist //somewhere in customer’s
code
Write CCR_START(CCR_START_hex);
//CCR_START[8:0] register is
//comprised of bit[4]
of register
//0xD4 and bits[7:0]
of
CX870/871
//register 0xD0
}
else
{
// 625-line format = PAL is being transmitted by
CX870/871
//this assumes PAL-M with its’ 525 line format is
not allowed
[equation] CC_ADD
= ($pow(2,
CBITS+5)/1716)*1728.0/H_CLKO;
//eqn to determine CC_ADD
register for PAL
CC_ADD_hex =
DEC_TO_HEX_CONVERSION(float CC_ADD);
//assumes DEC_TO_HEX_CONVERSION fxn
//this should already exist //somewhere in customer’s code
Write CC_ADD(CC_ADD_hex);
//CC_ADD[11:0] register is
//comprised of
bits[3:0] of
//register 0xD4
and bits[7:0] of
//CX870/871 register 0xD2
[equation] CCR_START =
H_CLKO*10.003*27/1728
+ CC_PIPE1;
//eqn to determine CCR_START register for PAL
CCR_START_hex = DEC_TO_HEX_CONVERSION(float
CCR_START);
//assumes DEC_TO_HEX_CONVERSION fxn
//already exists somewhere in //customer’s code
100381B
Conexant
D-3
CX25870/871
Appendix D Closed Caption Pseudo Code
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Write CCR_START(CCR_START_hex);
//CCR_START[8:0] register is
//comprised of bit[4]
of register
//0xD4 and bits[7:0]
of
CX870/871
//register 0xD0
}
//Previous Initialization Code only needs to be performed once
by I2C master
//Closed Caption Encoding Operation
ReadBitArray[] = CX870ReadbackFxn(ESTATUS = 01);
//CCSTAT_O will be ReadBitArray[3] after this
function executes
Or
ReadBit = ReadCCSTAT_O();
//CX870/871 has full readback ability of all bits.
//No longer is it necessary to use legacy Bt869
method of reading //back status bits
if (ReadBitArray[3] == 0)
//alternative IF statement could be ‘if (ReadBit
== 0)’
{
//Closed Caption bytes for Field 1 = Odd Field
have already been //encoded and CCSTAT_O has been
cleared
Write CCF1B1(CCdatabyte1); //assumes CCdatabyte1
is in hex format
//already. Encode new
CC data.
Write CCF1B2(Ccdatabyte2); //assumes CCdatabyte2
is in hex format
//already. Encode new
CC data.
//data is not latched until second of the 2 byte data sequence
is written
//this prevents writing of partial data sequence
//for this reason, data must be written in order of Byte 1 and
then Byte 2
//CCSTAT_O will be automatically be set by the CX870/871 until
CC bytes for odd
//field = Field 1 have been encoded
}
else
D-4
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix D Closed Caption Pseudo Code
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
//CCSTAT_O = 1 because CC data has already been written for
Field 1=ODD field //& has not yet been encoded onto analog video
output signal for the odd field
//CCSTAT_O will be reset immediately after the clock run-in
online 284 for NTSC //and line 335 for PAL
return 0;
//CCSTAT_0 = 1 so CC bytes were not encoded
on this pass //through the
869_CCEncoding_onField1 procedure
return 0;
}
//****************************************************
Bt869ReadbackFxn(int ESTATUS)
//Unlike the previous Conexant VGA encoder, the CX870/871
does have //registers than can be directly read-back. As a
result this //Bt869ReadbackFxn should only be used IF the
software engineer seeks to use //the legacy method of readback found in the Bt868/869.
{
int ReadMONSTAT_CCArray[8] = {0}; //entire array now holds 0
Write ESTATUS;
//ESTATUS[1:0]= {bits 7(MSb) and 6
of register 0xC4}
//
ESTATUS[1:0]= 01 from function call.
//
00 and 10 possible for ESTATUS
as well
//
yielding different readback
information
Graphics controller issues 0x89 or 0x8B for the CX870/871's
device address;
//no subaddress required here since
the CX870/871
//only has 1 read register to check with the
legacy method
//This step has the effect of reading a single byte
//of data from the CX870/871
//Table 2-2 Readback bit map says
that MONSTAT_A,B,C //bits = bits 7-5
//while Bit 4 = CCSTAT_E, bit 3 =
CCSTAT_O,
// bits 2-0 = FIELD[2:0]
// This ensures the least significant bit of the device
write portion of //the transaction is '1' which indicates
to the encoder that it must //send a byte of data on the
next I2C transaction. Do not write a //subaddress to the
CX870/871(this is not necessary since the CX870/871
//only appears to have 1 read register with the legacy
method) and then //read the "next" byte after the ACK.
Controller_Transmits_I2C_STOP; //I2C Master must issue an
I2C STOP to
100381B
Conexant
D-5
CX25870/871
Appendix D Closed Caption Pseudo Code
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
//finish the Read transaction. An ACK is //not necessary before closing the
//transaction because the
CX870/871 just //ignores
the ACK anyways
return(ReadMONSTAT_CCArray[]);
}
D-6
Conexant
100381B
E
Appendix E HDTV Output Mode
NOTE(S): Warning: Conexant is Pursuing Multiple Patents surrounding this Function
E.1 Introduction
A high definition television system can display images that are better than
existing standard definition TV formats such as NTSC, PAL, and SECAM.
HDTV pictures are more true-to-life because the resolution of the TV image is
much higher, and the colors are more accurate.
Many HDTVs are being equipped with a HD Input port that accepts analog
Component YPBPR or analog RGB or both.
Recognizing this fact, Conexant has included an HDTV Output Mode within
the CX25870/871 which generates the analog Component YPBPR or analog RGB
outputs necessary for driving an HDTV’s HD Input port(s).
While in HDTV mode, the device will output either analog RGB or analog
YPBPR signals and automatically insert trilevel synchronization pulses (when
necessary) and vertical synchronizing broad pulses. The output waveforms and
requirements related to the input timing and data on the input side of the
CX25870/871 are explained in this section and in the various SMPTE standards
governing the HDTV resolutions as listed in Table E-5.
100381B
Conexant
E-1
CX25870/871
Appendix E HDTV Output Mode
E.2 Allowable Interfaces for HDTV Output Mode
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
E.2 Allowable Interfaces for HDTV Output Mode
The interface that the CX25870/871 must use in HD Output Mode is either type
of video timing slave interface. In this configuration, the HSYNC* and VSYNC*
signals must be received as inputs while the BLANK* signal’s usage is optional.
The encoder cannot transmit the timing signals that initiate the start of a line or
the start of a frame in this mode at all. The CX25870/871 can provide a reference
clock output—CLKO, or not transmit it, as needed. The EN_OUT bit will control
whether or not a CLKO signal is active.
The BLANK* signal will not be required for the HDTV Output Mode
interface if the graphics controller outputs the digital codes for the analog
blanking level. For analog RGB component video outputs, the digital code for
blanking is 00 hex for digital R, G, and B. For offset analog RGB component
video outputs, the digital code for blanking is 10 hex for the digital R, G, and B
pixel inputs. Finally, for analog Component YPBPR video outputs, the digital code
for blanking is 10 hex for digital Y and 80 hex for digital Pr and Pb.
If the graphics controller does not possess the ability to output specific digital
codes, then a BLANK* signal is a necessary part of this interface.
E-2
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix E HDTV Output Mode
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
E.2 Allowable Interfaces for HDTV Output Mode
The allowable interfaces for HDTV Output Mode are illustrated in
Figures E-1 and E-2.
Figure E-1. CX25870/871’s Pseudo-Master interface with a Graphics Controller as the Timing Master
Clock
Clock
Delay
Graphics
Controller
R or PR
Digital RGB
CX25870/
CX25871
or YPrPb
G or Y
B or PB
HSYNC*
VSYNC*
BLANK* (Optional)
100381_030a
Figure E-2. CX25870/871’s Slave interface with a Graphics Controller as the Timing Master
Clock
R or PR
Digital RGB
Graphics
Controller
or YPrPb
CX25870/
CX25871
G or Y
B or PB
HSYNC*
VSYNC*
BLANK* Optional)
100381_031
100381B
Conexant
E-3
CX25870/871
Appendix E HDTV Output Mode
E.3 Interface Bit Functionality in HDTV Output Mode:
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
E.3 Interface Bit Functionality in HDTV Output
Mode:
When the CX25870 is transmitting High-Definition Outputs, several interface
bits behave differently than their operation while broadcasting standard-definition
television. These bits and their technical functionality are summarized in the
following list:
•
•
•
•
•
E-4
The BLANK* pin must be an input regardless of the slave or
pseudo-master interface. If the blank function is not enabled with the
BLANK* pin, then the BLANK* pin (#38) should be tied high
permanently.
The EN_BLANKO bit has no effect because the BLANK* signal MUST
be an input. The same rule holds for VGA(R/G/B) – DAC Output
operation.
The EN_DOT bit has no effect. This bit is related to the standard flicker
filter.
The FLD_MODE[1:0] bit field has no effect. For 1080i or any other
HD-related interlaced input, VSYNC*'s leading edge must be received
within ±5 clock cycles of the middle of the total line length. For 1080i, this
means the VSYNC* leading edge must be received on any clock period
between the (2200 / 2) ± 5 clocks = 1095th and 1106th clock pulse.
The polarity reversing bits (HSYNCI, VSYNCI, and BLANKI) perform
the same operations as they do with standard definition outputs.
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix E HDTV Output Mode
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
E.4 Interface Timing between the HDTV Source Device (Master)
E.4 Interface Timing between the HDTV Source
Device (Master) and CX25870/ CX25871(Timing
Slave)
While in HDTV Output Mode, the CX25870/871 encoder should receive
interface signals from the MPEG2 decoder or display processor. The interface
signals that should be shared between the two devices are the HSYNC*,
VSYNC*, BLANK*, CLKI, and Pixel Data lines (P[23:0]). The BLANK* signal
is optional. This signal is only necessary if the data master cannot transmit the
digital codes representing the BLANK levels to the CX25870/871. To reiterate,
the codes for the digital blanking levels of the R, G, B inputs are equal to 00 hex.
The digital codes for blanking change to 10 hex for the R, G, and B pixel inputs if
conversion to offset analog RGB component video outputs is desired. Finally, the
values for digital Y must be 10 hex and for Pr and Pb, digital samples have to
equal 80 hex for the BLANK period for Component Video Out (YPBPR). CLKO
will only be necessary if Pseudo-Master is used as the chosen interface.
To switch the CX25870/871 encoder into HDTV Output mode, the serial
master must program both the OUT_MODE[1:0] bits to 11(DAC Mode) and set
the HDTV_EN bit to 1(bit 7 of the HDTV Register). Immediately after these and
all other steps listed in Table E-1 and Table E-2, the encoder will be set up to
properly generate a set of HDTV Outputs so long as the synchronization, clock,
and data signals are transmitted in accordance with the timing diagrams found at
the back of Appendix E by the master device.
100381B
Conexant
E-5
CX25870/871
Appendix E HDTV Output Mode
E.4 Interface Timing between the HDTV Source Device (Master) and CX25870/ CX25871(Timing Slave)
Flicker-Free Video
Table E-1. CX25870 Register Settings for Alternate 24-bit RGB Multiplexed In—HDTV YPBPR Out and HDTV RGB Out
ATSC Resolution
CX25870
Register
Address
1080i
720p
480p
Explanation
0xD6
0C
0C
0C
OUT_MODE [1:0] field set to 11=DAC Mode to turn on HDTV outputs.
Video[0-3] is HDTV Output Mode. HDTV_EN bit must be set as well.
Video[0] = HD R or PR, Video[1] = HD G or Y, Video[2] = HD B or PB
0x2E
C3
C2
C5
HDTV_EN set. RGB2YPRPB set. RASTER_SEL[1:0] field adjusted for each ATSC resolution.
HD_SYNC_EDGE set for 480p resolution only.
For RGB out, RGB2YPRPB bit must be 0 so this register will be 83 / 82 / and 85.
For EIA770.3 compliance, disable the trilevel sync on both the PR and PB outputs by setting
the RPR_SYNC_DIS(bit 5) and BPB_SYNC_DIS(bit 3) bits.
0x32
01
01
00
SETUP_HOLD_ADJ bit is bit 4.
CSC_SEL bit set for hi-frequency ATSC resolutions only.
0x3C
80
80
80
MCOMPY stays the same for 480p/720p/1080i in, Y/PR/PB out. or RGB out.
0x3E
45
45
48
MCOMPU must be changed for 480p and 720p/1080i in, Y/PR/PB out.
MCOMPU must be changed to 80hex for 480p/720p/1080i in, RGB out.
0x40
51
51
5B
MCOMPV must be changed for 480p and 720p/1080i in, Y/PR/PB out.
MCOMPV must be changed to 80hex for 480p/720p/1080i in, RGB out.
0xC4
01
01
01
State of EN_OUT varies according to interface used with master device. Hex value of 01 for
this register corresponds to Pseudo-Master without a BLANK* interface.
0xC6
80
80
80
State of EN_BLANKO & EN_DOT varies
according to interface used with master device. Hex value of 80 for this register corresponds
to Pseudo-Master without a BLANK* interface.
IN_MODE[2:0] = 000 - defines input format as 24-bit RGB multiplexed.
0xCE
24
24
24
Adjust this register as necessary to route Y/PR/PB out from the CX25870's 4 DACs
OUT_MUXD[1:0]= 00 =Video[0] = PR = R {Disabled from DACDISD=1}
OUT_MUXC[1:0]= 10 =Video[2] = PB = B
OUT_MUXB[1:0]= 01 =Video[1] = Y = G
OUT_MUXA[1:0]= 00 =Video[0] = PR = R
0xA0
21
21*
8C
PLL_INT[5:0] = 21 for 720p @ 74.25 MHz
*PLL_INT[5:0] = 20 for 720p @ 74.16 MHz
0x9E
00
00**
00
PLL_FRACT[15:8] = 00 for 720p @ 74.25 MHz
**PLL_FRACT[15:8] = F5 for 720p @ 74.16 MHz
0x9C
00
00**
00
PLL_FRACT[7:0] = 00 for 720p @ 74.25 MHz
**PLL_FRACT[7:0] = C3 for 720p @ 74.16 MHz
0xBA
28
28
28
SLAVER set. Interface is slave timing (pseudo-master or slave)
HSYNC*/VSYNC* sent to CX25870.
DACD disabled. PR/Y/PB transmitted from DACA/DACB/DACC
WAIT state =
75 ms.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Ready encoder for timing reset operation. 75 ms = many factors of safety.
0x6C
C6
C6
C6
Set TIMING_RESET bit. Cleared automatically.
(*) = If graphics controller is character based with 8 pixel clocks/character, PLL_INT should be modified to generate a 74.16000 MHz. CLKO and
CLKI frequency.
(**) = If graphics controller is character based with 8 pixel clocks/character, PLL_FRACT should be modified to generate a 74.16000 MHz. CLKO
and CLKI frequency.
E-6
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix E HDTV Output Mode
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
E.4 Interface Timing between the HDTV Source Device (Master)
Table E-2. CX25870 Register Settings for 24-bit YPrPb Multiplexed In—HDTV YPBPR Out
ATSC Resolution
CX25870
Register
Address
1080i
720p
480p
Explanation
0xD6
0C
0C
0C
OUT_MODE [1:0] field set to 11=DAC Mode to turn on HDTV Outputs.
Video[0-3] is HDTV Output Mode. HDTV_EN bit must be set as well.
Video[0] = HD PR, Video[1] = HD Y, Video[2] = HD PB
0x2E
AB***
AA***
AD***
HDTV_EN set. RGB2YPRPB off. RASTER_SEL[1:0] field adjusted for each ATSC resolution.
HD_SYNC_EDGE set for 480p resolution only.
For EIA770.3 compliance, the trilevel sync has been disabled on both the PR and PB outputs by
setting the RPR_SYNC_DIS(bit 5) and BPB_SYNC_DIS(bit 3) bits.
0x32
09
09
08
DRVS[1:0] = 00 for 3.3V interfacing. Should be adjusted to nonzero value for low voltage interface.
IN_MODE[3] = 1 = input format is Alternate 24bit YPRPB multiplexed
SETUP_HOLD_ADJ bit is bit 4.
CSC_SEL bit set for hi-frequency ATSC resolutions only.
0x3C
80
80
80
MCOMPY stays the same for 480p/720p/1080i in, Y/PR/PB out.
0x3E
80
80
80
MCOMPU stays the same for 480p/720p/1080i in, Y/PR/PB out.
0x40
80
80
80
MCOMPV stays the same for 480p/720p/1080i in, Y/PR/PB out.
0xC4
01
01
01
State of EN_OUT varies according to interface used with master device. Hex value of 01 for this
register corresponds to Pseudo-Master without a BLANK* interface.
0xC6
84
84
84
State of EN_BLANKO & EN_DOT varies according to interface used with master device. Hex value of
80 for this register corresponds to Pseudo-Master without a BLANK* interface.
IN_MODE[2:0] = [1]100 - input format is Alternate 24bit YPRPB multiplexed
0xCE
24
24
24
Adjust this register as necessary to route Y PR PB out from the CX25870's 4 DACs
OUT_MUXD[1:0]= 00 =Video[0] = PR {Disabled from DACDISD=1}
OUT_MUXC[1:0]= 10 =Video[2] = PB
OUT_MUXB[1:0]= 01 =Video[1] = Y
OUT_MUXA[1:0]= 00 =Video[0] = PR
0xA0
21
21*
8C
PLL_INT[5:0] = 21 for 720p @ 74.25 MHz
*PLL_INT[5:0] = 20 for 720p @ 74.16 MHz
0x9E
00
00**
00
PLL_FRACT[15:8] = 00 for 720p @ 74.25 MHz
**PLL_FRACT[15:8] = F5 for 720p @ 74.16 MHz
0x9C
00
00**
00
PLL_FRACT[7:0] = 00 for 720p @ 74.25 MHz
**PLL_FRACT[7:0] = C3 for 720p @ 74.16 MHz
0xBA
28
28
28
SLAVER set. Interface is slave timing (pseudo-master or slave)
HSYNC* & VSYNC* sent to CX25870.
DACD disabled. PR transmitted from DACA, Y transmitted from DACB, and PB transmitted from
DACC
WAIT state
= 75 ms
Yes
Yes
Yes
Ready encoder for timing reset operation. 75 ms = many factors of safety.
0x6C
C6
C6
C6
Set TIMING_RESET bit. Cleared automatically.
NOTE(S):
(*) = If graphics controller is character based with 8 pixel clocks/character, PLL_INT should be modified to generate a 74.16000 MHz CLKO and
CLKI frequency.
(**) = If graphics controller is character based with 8 pixel clocks/character, PLL_FRACT should be modified to generate a 74.16000 MHz CLKO
and CLKI frequency.
(***) = Conversion from YPrpb digital input to HDTV RGB Out not possible with CX25870/871.
100381B
Conexant
E-7
CX25870/871
Appendix E HDTV Output Mode
E.4 Interface Timing between the HDTV Source Device (Master) and CX25870/ CX25871(Timing Slave)
Flicker-Free Video
In the default format, the HSYNC* signal is active low and must always be
received as an input in HDTV Output Mode. Its function is to allow the graphics
controller to tell the encoder when the start of a line occurs. Check the timing
diagrams that appear later in this section for proper HSYNC* timing.
In the default format, the VSYNC* signal is active low and must always be
received as an input in HDTV Output Mode. Its function is to allow the graphics
controller to tell the encoder when the start of a frame occurs. Check the timing
diagrams that appear later in this section for proper VSYNC* timing.
By default, the clock output signal will be transmitted via the CLKO port.
Therefore, the CX25870/871 will be in Pseudo-Master interface. To switch into
Slave interface, the user must reset the EN_OUT bit to turn off CLKO.
Table E-2 summarizes the default Pseudo-Master HDTV interface.
Table E-3. Default State of CX25870/871 Immediately After Switch into HDTV Output Mode
Input Signals
State of the CX25870/871
CLKO
BLANK*
HSYNC*
VSYNC*
State of Encoder in HDTV Output Mode
Optional
H
H
Active
Digital RGB—Analog HD RGB or
Digital YPRPB—Analog HD YPBPR
DAC Conversion
Optional
L
H
Active
Start of a New Line
Optional
L
L
Active
Start of a New Frame
The timing diagrams found at the end of this Appendix (Figures E-5 through
E-9) must be replicated with actual timing by the MPEG2 Decoder or Display
Processor for the encoder to provide correct HDTV analog RGB or analog
YPBPR component video outputs.
E-8
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix E HDTV Output Mode
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
E.5 Automatic Trilevel Sync Generation
E.5 Automatic Trilevel Sync Generation
The CX25870/871 will automatically generate an analog synchronization pulse
with three distinct voltage levels for every leading edge it receives at its HSYNC*
input (so long as RASTER_SEL[1:0] = 10 or 11). This trilevel pulse will be
comprised of a –300 mV LOWSYNC level, a +300 mV HIGHSYNC level, and a
0 mV BLANKING level offset by +350 mVDC because the CX25870/871 cannot
output negative voltages. Figure 3, "Analog and Digital Timing Relationships", of
the SMPTE-274M specification, shows a very detailed diagram of the trilevel
sync and start of a line in 1080i mode. Figure 11 of this same SMPTE standard
illustrates the horizontal timing and trilevel sync in more detail.
For those formats which require trilevel syncs, such as 1080i and 720p, the
timing for certain portions of the synchronization pulses differ slightly. For
instance, the amount of time each pulse is at a voltage level of –300 mV
(LOWSYNC) is not the same from one resolution (ATSC format) to another. For
1080i, the time for the LOWSYNC level each line is 44T(44 clock periods =
44*(1/74.25 MHz)= 592.5 ns For 720p, the same interval is 40T periods long
which equates to 40 * (1/74.25 MHz)= 538.7 ns.
In 480p resolution, in accordance with the SMPTE-293M specification, the
CX25870/871 outputs only bilevel analog synchronization pulses.
As Figure 3 "Analog and Digital Timing Relationships" of the SMPTE-274M
and -296M standards show, the period of time for the HIGHSYNC also varies
when moving from 1080i mode to 720p mode. In this first case, the HIGHSYNC
output level will be active for 44 clock periods. For 1080i, 44 clock periods *
(1/74.25 MHz) = 592.6 ns.
In 720p resolution, the HIGHSYNC output signal will be active for 40 clock
periods per output line. For 720p, 40 clock periods * (1/74.25 MHz)= 538.7ns, so
the HIGHSYNC signal will only be active for 538.7 ns per output line.
Due to these discrepancies, the data master will need to program the
CX25870/871’s RASTER_SEL[1:0] bits properly so the encoder knows exactly
which ATSC format it is going to encode. The encoder will then take care of
outputting the proper analog voltage levels (see Figures E-5 through E-9) for the
appropriate amounts of time depending on the resolution.
100381B
Conexant
E-9
CX25870/871
Appendix E HDTV Output Mode
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
E.5 Automatic Trilevel Sync Generation
The table below summarizes the different permutations of the
RASTER_SEL[1:0] bits and the resolutions/modes supported with each option.
Table E-4. CX25870/CX25871 RASTER_SEL[1:0] Bit Functionality
RASTER_SEL
[1]
RASTER_SEL
[0]
HDTV/ATSC Mode
LOWSYNC period (ns)
HIGHSYNC period (ns)
1
1
1080i = SMPTE 274M (1)
44 clock periods =
592.6 ns
44 clock periods =
592.6 ns
1
0
720p = SMPTE 296M(2)
40 clock periods = 538.7ns
40 clock periods = 538.7ns
0
1
480p = SMPTE 293M
63 clock periods =
2.36 µs.
No HIGHSYNC period
0
0
Trilevel sync periods dictated by
HSYNC*&VSYNC* input levels
LOWSYNC period = width
of VSYNC* input
HIGHSYNC period = width
of HSYNC* input
NOTE(S):
(1)
The CX25870/871 can also be programmed for EIA-770.3 1080i format compliance. To do so, set RASTER_SEL[1:0] = 11 and
set the BPB_SYNC_DIS and RPR_SYNC_DIS bits to 1 to disable the trilevel sync on the PB and PR signals.
(2) The CX25870/871 can also be programmed for EIA-770.3 720p format compliance. To do so, set RASTER_SEL[1:0] = 10 and
set the BPB_SYNC_DIS and RPR_SYNC_DIS bits to 1 to disable the trilevel sync on the PB and PR signals.
(3) To obtain any of these SMPTE specifications, visit Global Engineering Documents at: http://global.ihs.com/
The inserted syncs will adhere to Figure 3 and the analog and digital timing
relationships found in the various SMPTE specifications. All lines of the First and
Second Fields of an Interlaced System will contain the trilevel syncs. This
includes lines #1-5 and #564-567 of the 1080i format. Line 563 is an
extraordinary case and the reader should defer to the SMPTE 274M specification
for more details on this topic.
An illustration of the typical trilevel sync output from the CX25870/871is
shown on the next page. Note that the CX25870/871 cannot transmit negative
voltages. As a result, the video output is offset by +350mV to accommodate the
negative sync levels listed in the governing specifications.
E-10
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix E HDTV Output Mode
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
E.5 Automatic Trilevel Sync Generation
Figure E-3. 1080i and 720p Trilevel Sync provided by CX25870/871
Start
of the
Analog
40T
Line
(for 296M)
40*(1/74.25 MHz) =
538.7 ns
44T
(for 274M)
44*(1/74.25 MHz) =
592.5 ns
650 mV
350 mV
50 mV
44T
44T
44*(1/74.25 MHz) =
(for 274M)
44*(1/74.25 MHz) =
592.5 ns
592.5 ns
70T
(for 296M)
70*(1/74.25 MHz) =
942.8 ns
40T
(for 296M)
40*(1/74.25 MHz) =
538.7 ns
NOTE(S):
1. Trilevel Sync applies to Y PB, PR output signals as well as HD RGB output signals.
2. 720p Trilevel Sync timing differences are listed in RED.
100381_032
100381B
Conexant
E-11
CX25870/871
Appendix E HDTV Output Mode
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
E.6 Allowable Resolutions
E.6 Allowable Resolutions
Table E-5 summarizes the most popular HD resolutions or ATSC video formats
supported by the CX25870/871.
Table E-5. CX25870/CX25871 HDTV Supported Formats
Active
Format
(H x V )
Governing
Standards
Input Data Format
(can be muxed or nonmuxed)
OutputAspect
Ratio
1920x1080 = 1080i
(contains trilevel syncs)
SMPTE-274M
&
EIA-770.3
15, 16, or 24 bit RGB or
16 or 24 bit Digital YPBPR
16 : 9
30 Hz.
interlaced
1280x720 = 720p
(contains trilevel syncs)
SMPTE-296M
&
EIA-770.3
15, 16, or 24 bit RGB or
16 or 24 bit Digital YPBPR
16 : 9
60 Hz.
noninterlaced
720x480 = 480p
(does not contain trilevel
syncs)
SMPTE-293M
15, 16, or 24 bit RGB or
16 or 24 bit Digital YPBPR
16 : 9
60 Hz.
noninterlaced
Frame Rate
Conceivably, any HD format with a clock less than or equal to 80 MHz can be
displayed with the RASTER_SEL[1:0] = 00 option. This flexibility allows the
CX25870/871 to receive resolutions not yet standardized. All HDTV Output
Mode resolutions will generate the new WSS wide screen format that provides an
aspect ratio of 16:9 yielding a movie-theatre like viewing experience.
When the encoder is in HDTV Output Mode, the internal FIFO and flicker
filter blocks are bypassed. Therefore, the Y/PB/PR and R/G/B video outputs do
not have any flickering filtering nor any overscan compensation applied to them.
For 480p, 720p, and other progressive input formats, the lack of flicker filtering
causes no degradation whatsoever in the video output quality as compared to the
digital input. For 1080i and other interlaced input formats, the lack of flicker
filtering sets off the appearance of minor flickering in screen regions with small
vertical dimensions.
The lack of overscan compensation in HDTV Output Mode results in the outer
horizontal and vertical edges of the active image to appear behind the bezel of the
television. This annoyance can be overcome by the insertion of a solid colored
border around the active image itself by the data master in the digital domain.
E-12
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix E HDTV Output Mode
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
E.7 720p Support with Character Clock Based Data Masters
E.7 720p Support with Character Clock Based
Data Masters
Character clock based graphics controllers with 8 pixel clocks per character will
experience difficulty supporting the 720p ATSC resolution. The reason for this is
because the total line length (i.e., Samples per Total Line = S/TL) of 1650 pixels
for 720P is not evenly divisible by 8. Thus, each line is comprised of an amount of
characters that contains a non-zero fraction (206 + ¼ of a character or 206.25
total characters). To get around this shortcoming, the graphics controller must set
its total line length to 1648 (HTOTAL) pixels and change the pixel clock
frequency to 74.1600 MHz. instead of the values of 1650 pixels and 74.2500
MHz. respectively as specified in the SMPTE-296M standard that governs the
720p resolution.
All of the analog timing will then fall within the guidelines listed in the
SMPTE-296M specification and the CX25870 will generate the desired analog
representation of the 720p ATSC resolution.
Internal analysis of different portions of the 720p R/G/B and Y/PB/PR
waveforms has revealed that this approach is valid. All of the analog timing falls
within the tolerances of the SMPTE-296M standard including the length of the
broad pulse. In terms of clock periods, using the 74.1600 MHz. clock yields a
broad pulse length in time of 20.766 µs in duration. Using a 74.2500 MHz. clock
yields a broad pulse of 20.741 µs in duration. This tiny deviation will not cause a
problem for any High Definition television set.
To change the pixel clock frequency the encoder transmits and expects in
return, the CX25870’s PLL_INT and PLL_FRACT registers must be modified.
For 720p support with Character Clock Based Data Masters, change the
PLL_INT[5:0] bit field from 21 hex (for 74.25 MHz.) to 20hex for 74.1600 MHz.
operation. Furthermore, reduce the 2-byte wide PLL_FRACT[15:0] from 0000
hex (for 74.25 MHz.) to F5C3 hex for 74.1600 MHz. operation. This reduction in
the PLL_INT and PLL_FRACT registers will ensure the encoder transmits the
modified 720p clock of 74.1600 MHz. to the data master through CLKO and
expects to receive data at this frequency coming back (via CLKI). This step must
be done to render 720p via Character Clock Based Data Masters with the
CX25870. Programming the data master’s HTOTAL register to 1648 is vital as
well. Modifying the CX25870’s H_CLKI register to 1648 decimal is optional
because this register will have no effect while the encoder is outputting HDTV.
In summary, for data masters which are character clock based with 8 and 9
pixel clocks per character and wish to support the 720p resolution, slow down the
pixel input clock frequency (CLKI) by 90 kHz. to 74.1600 MHz and compensate
by reducing HTOTAL by 2 pixels per line to 1648 pixels.
100381B
Conexant
E-13
CX25870/871
Appendix E HDTV Output Mode
E.8 Automatic Insertion of Broad Pulses
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
E.8 Automatic Insertion of Broad Pulses
In HD televisions, a frame shall begin with five vertical sync lines each
containing a broad pulse. Broad pulses are the HD equivalent to the vertical
synchronizing Serration and Equalization pulses used with present-day analog
TVs. In response to the correct timing provided through the VSYNC* input
which triggers the start of a new frame, the CX25870/871 will automatically
insert broad pulses and trilevel syncs on the first 5 lines of the First Field(#1-#5)
and the first 5 lines in the Second Field (563-568 for 1080i format). These broad
pulses will adhere to the timing and voltage amplitudes found in various SMPTE
specifications.
Figure E-6 illustrates the proper interface timing between the HDTV Source
Device (master) and CX25870/ CX25871(timing slave) during lines that include a
BROAD PULSE in 1080i format. Figure E-8 shows the relationship between the
digital input signals and HDTV output for lines that include a broad pulse in 720p
format.
E-14
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix E HDTV Output Mode
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
E.9 HDTV Output Mode Register and Bit Definitions
E.9 HDTV Output Mode Register and Bit
Definitions
Table E-6. Register Bitmap for HDTV-Specific Registers
8-Bit
Address
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
2E
HDTV_EN*
RGB2YPRPB*
RPR_SYNC
_DIS*
GY_SYNC_
DIS*
BPB_SYNC_
DIS*
HD_SYNC_
EDGE*
RASTER_SEL[1:0]*
32
AUTO_CHK
SETUP_
HOLD_ADJ
IN_MODE[3]
DATDLY_RE
OFFSET_RG
B*
DRVS[1:0]
D1
D0
CSC_
SEL*
NOTE(S):
* = HDTV-specific bits
Table E-7. CX25870/871 Registers 0x2E & 0x32–HDTV Output Mode Bit Descriptions (1 of 2)
Bit/Register Names
Bit/Register Definition
HDTV_EN
Enable HDTV Output Mode. OUT_MODE[1:0] register bits must be set to 11(VGA Mode).
0 = Enables VGA mode. DACs will output analog R, G, B with standard bilevel(–40 IRE) analog syncs.
(DEFAULT)
1 = Enables HDTV Output mode. DACs will output HDTV compatible R/G/B or component video (Y/PR/PB)
outputs. Trilevel syncs and vertical synchronizing/broad pulses will be inserted automatically if
RASTER_SEL[1:0] = nonzero.
Note: EN_SCART bit must be 0 for HDTV Output Mode to be functional.
RGB2YPRPB
HDTV output switching bit. This bit is only effective when HDTV_EN = 1 and IN_MODE[3:0] = an RGB Input
format.
0 = Digital RGB Input to Analog HDTV RGB Output (DEFAULT)
1 = Digital RGB Input to Analog HDTV YPRPB Output
RPR_SYNC_DIS
0 = Enables trilevel sync on Red or PR output. (DEFAULT)
1 = Disables trilevel sync on Red or PR output. This bit will have to be set manually for EIA-770.3 compliance.
GY_SYNC_DIS
0 = Enables trilevel sync on Green or Y output. (DEFAULT)
1 = Disables trilevel sync on Green or Y output
BPB_SYNC_DIS
0 = Enables trilevel sync on Blue or PB output. (DEFAULT)
1 = Disables trilevel sync on Blue or PB output. This bit will have to be set manually for EIA-770.3 compliance.
HD_SYNC_EDGE
This bit is only effective when HDTV_EN = 1 and RASTER_SEL is nonzero.
0 = Trilevel sync edges transition time is equal to 4 input clocks. (DEFAULT)
1 = Trilevel sync edges transition time is equal to 2 input clocks.
RASTER_SEL[1:0]
This bit is only effective when HDTV_EN = 1.
00 = Device does not generate trilevel sync automatically in HDTV output mode. Trilevel sync periods dictated
by active HSYNC* input signal (as HIGHSYNC) and active VSYNC* input signal (as LOWSYNC). (DEFAULT)
01 = Bilevel sync generation for 480P format
10 = Trilevel sync generation for 720P format
11 = Trilevel sync generation for 1080i format
100381B
Conexant
E-15
CX25870/871
Appendix E HDTV Output Mode
E.9 HDTV Output Mode Register and Bit Definitions
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Table E-7. CX25870/871 Registers 0x2E & 0x32–HDTV Output Mode Bit Descriptions (2 of 2)
OFFSET_RGB
0 = Standard RGB graphic digital input. Range is 0–255 decimal (DEFAULT)
1 = HDTV OFFSET RGB graphic digital input. Range is 16–235 decimal.
CSC_SEL
0 = Standard color space conversion for RGB to Y (R-Y) (B-Y) based on Y = 0.299R + 0.587G + 0.114B
(DEFAULT)
1 = HDTV color space conversion for RGB to Y (R-Y) (B-Y) based on Y = 0.2126R + 0.7152G + 0.0722B
E-16
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix E HDTV Output Mode
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology E.10 Color Space Conversion Functionality to Support Analog RGB
E.10 Color Space Conversion Functionality to
Support Analog RGB or YPBPR Component Video
Outputs
The CX25870/871 has the ability to receive a digital RGB stream prevalent in
graphics controllers or chipsets with integrated graphics with a width of 15/16/or
24-bits per pixel and transform it to a set of HDTV-compatible analog YPBPR
component video outputs.
The option of not converting the digital RGB stream to analog YPBPR is
available as well. In this case, the CX25870/871 would output a set of
HDTV-compatible analog RGB component video outputs based on the same
15/16/or 24-bits per pixel RGB digital input.
The CX25870/871 can support the conversion from the HDTV
color-difference digital YPBPR color space directly to analog YPBPR component
video outputs seamlessly. No color space conversion nor register reprogramming
is necessary for this case.
However, the HDTV color-difference digital YPBPR color space is slightly
different from the standard digital 4:2:2 YCrCb (i.e., CCIR601) stream found
within consumer applications such as set-top boxes. As a result, the
CX25870/871 must be reprogrammed to new register values not found in
Table E-1 to accommodate for the differences in the two formats. For this
complete register set, contact your local Conexant Field Applications Engineer.
Once obtained, program up the CX25870 as specified and it will provide analog
YPBPR video outputs based on standard 4:2:2 YCrCb MPEG2 input data. The
resulting outputs will be of high quality and viewable on SMPTE274M and
SMPTE 296M standard HDTVs.
For design simplicity, Conexant recommends the data master just send digital
YPRPB for consumer applications instead of YCrCb. For reference these matrix
equations for conversion into digital Pb and digital Pr are listed below:
Pb = {0.5 / (1 – 0.0722)} (B’ – Y’)
Where (B’ – Y’) = Cb
Pr = {0.5 / (1 – 0.2126)} (R’ – Y’)
Where (R’ – Y’) = Cr
NOTE(S):
1. The CX25870/871’s MCOMPU register must contain a value of 45 hex prior to performing a color space conversion from digital
RGB to analog YPBPR. The CX25870/871’s MCOMPV register must contain a value of 51 hex prior to performing a color space
conversion from digital RGB to analog YPBPR.
2. Digital Pb and Digital Pr are expressed as P’B and P’R in the SMPTE specifications.
Finally, the CX25870/871 cannot provide analog RGB video outputs from
either color-difference digital YPrPb or 4:2:2 YCrCb MPEG2 input data. The
encoder will not perform this color space conversion whatsoever. For analog RGB
component HD out, a digital RGB input stream must be sent by the data master.
100381B
Conexant
E-17
CX25870/871
Appendix E HDTV Output Mode
E.11 Recommended Output Filters for HDTV & SDTV
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
E.11 Recommended Output Filters for HDTV &
SDTV
According to the SMPTE274M standard that governs the 1080i ATSC resolution,
“the Y signal for Component HD video output shall have a bandwidth nominally
of 30 MHz. In addition, the PR and PB signals shall have the same bandwidth as
that of the associated Y signal at the analog originating equipment.” Other filter
criteria found in the various SMPTE standards include the amplitude limit for
ripple tolerance in the passband of +/- 0.5 dB relative to insertion loss at 100 kHz.
For Group-Delay, SMPTE states that the ”group delay in the filters (should be)
sufficiently tight to produce good performance while allowing the practical
implementation of the filters themselves" (from SMPTE 274M and
SMPTE293M(720p) standards).
As result of these criteria, during High Definition Output Mode, each
CX25870 DAC output requires a low pass filter with a passband from DC to
30 MHz. while adhering to the aforementioned group delay and passband ripple
tolerances. Unfortunately, the filtering requirements for standard definition
television are quite different in several areas than filtering for HDTV. The most
important difference is that standard definition standards such as NTSC, PAL,
and SECAM require a much lower 8 MHz. passband starting at DC than HDTV.
This bandwidth difference coupled with the differing voltage amplitudes of
the signals themselves forced Conexant to design a new low pass filter with a
wider passband to accommodate the HD outputs. After extensive testing and
cost/benefit trade-offs, the company recommends that any customer using the
encoder for both its standard definition and high definition capabilities design-in
the low pass filter found in Figure E-4. This filter has been shown to exhibit many
of the desired roll off, ripple, and passband characteristics defined in the
aforementioned SMPTE standards.
E-18
Conexant
100381B
CX25870/871
Appendix E HDTV Output Mode
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
E.11 Recommended Output Filters for HDTV & SDTV
Figure E-4. Recommended Low Pass Filter Configuration for each CX25870 DAC for Generation of High Definition and
NTSC/PAL/SECAM TV Outputs
3
VAA
3.3 V
2
R2
75.0 Ω
0805
1%
HD Filter
3
VAA
3.3 V
2
1
R7
75.0 Ω
0805
1%
C10
75 pF
0805
5%
3
C = Chroma
or HD PR
22 pF
0805
5%
2
2
3
VAA
3.3 V
1
DAC D
2
C8
33 pF
0805
5%
L1
0.27 µH
1210
C9
62 pF 5%
0805
5%
SD Filter
D9
BAT54S
SOT-23
5443R10-004
COUT
C10
75 pF
0805
5%
Y = Luma
or HD Y
R11
75.0 Ω
0805
1%
L1
1.8 µH
1210
C21
270 pF 5%
0805
5%
C22
330 pF
0805
5%
CVBS = Composite #2
3
DAC C
2
C8
33 pF
0805
5%
L1
0.27 µH
1210
C9
62 pF 5%
0805
5%
D8
BAT54S
SOT-23
5443R10-004
BOUT
C10
75 pF
0805
5%
CVBS = Composite #1
or HD PB
1
DAC B
1
CX25870/871
D7
BAT54S
SOT-23
5443R10-004
2
3
HD Filter
DOUT
1
L1
0.27 µH
1210
C9
62 pF 5%
0805
5%
1
2
R11
75.0 Ω
0805
1%
3
3
VAA
3.3 V
1
DAC A
C8
33 pF
0805
5%
1
HD Filter
D9
BAT54S
SOT-23
5443R10-004
NOTE(S):
1. HD Filter imparts a passband of DC to 30 MHz.
2. SD Filter imparts a passband of DC to 8 MHz.
100381_084
100381B
Conexant
E-19
CX25870/871
Appendix E HDTV Output Mode
E.12 Timing Diagrams for HDTV Output Mode
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
E.12 Timing Diagrams for HDTV Output Mode
Review the next five pages (Figures E-4 through E-8) for illustrations of the
relationship between the digital inputs received by the CX25870/871 and the
HDTV Output signals transmitted by the encoder while in HDTV Output Mode.
E-20
Conexant
100381B
100381B
{
Low Sync Period
11 CLKs
Pipeline Delay
11 CLK
Pipeline Delay
.....
132 CLKs
13.468 ns.
Conexant
RGB1
RGB2
11 CLK
Pipeline Delay
11 CLK
Pipeline Delay
....
Sync BLANK Period
RGB3
RGB4
RGB5 RGB6
RGB8
RGB9
BLANK*
(Input to CX25870)
1
VSYNC*
(Input to CX25870)
HSYNC*
(Input to CX25870)
[P23–P0]
CLKI
50 mV
350 mV
650 mV
*Assumes 24-Bit Non-MUX RGB Digital Input
RGB7
RGB Conversion Period
(Digital Data Sent by Controller
1050 mV
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
BLANK* has no effect when either SYNC* is
active or in the tri-level sync period
Min. 4 CLKs
R, G, B, and Y
(Analog Outputs)
44T
(for 1080i)
44*(1/74.25 MHz) =
592.5 ns
Hi-Sync Period
....
70T
(for 720p)
40T
70*(1/74.25 MHz) =
(for 720p)
942.8 ns
40*(1/74.25 MHz) =
538.7 ns
44T
(for 1080i)
44T
44*(1/74.25 MHz) = 44*(1/74.25 MHz) =
592.5 ns
592.5 ns
BLANK
Period
(Generated by
Controller)
40T
(for 720p)
40*(1/74.25 MHz) =
538.7 ns
Automatically Generated by CX25870
CX25870/871
Appendix E HDTV Output Mode
E.12 Timing Diagrams for HDTV Output Mode
Figure E-5. Proper Interface Timing between the HDTV Source Device (Master) and CX25870/871 (Timing Slave): Active
Line in 1080i and 720p ATSC Format (RASTER SEL[1:0] = 11 or 10) for R, G, B, and Y Analog Outputs
Not to Scale
100381_067
E-21
E-22
{
11 CLKs
Pipeline Delay
Conexant
.....
132 CLKs
13.468 ns.
RGB1
RGB2
11 CLK
Pipeline Delay
11 CLK
Pipeline Delay
....
Sync BLANK Period
132 CLKs
BLANK* has no effect when either SYNC* is
active or in the tri-level sync period
11 CLK
Pipeline Delay
44T
(for 1080i)
44*(1/74.25 MHz) =
592.5 ns
Hi-Sync Period
....
44T
44*(1/74.25 MHz) =
592.5 ns
40T
(for 720p)
40*(1/74.25 MHz) =
538.7 ns
Low Sync Period
RGB3
RGB4
RGB7
RGB8
RGB9
BLANK*
(Input to CX25870)
1
VSYNC*
(Input to CX25870)
HSYNC*
(Input to CX25870)
[P23–P0]
CLKI
50 mV
0 mV
350 mV
650 mV
700 mV
*Assumes 24-Bit Non-MUX RGB Digital Input
with Color Space Conversion Done Internally
RGB5 RGB6
RGB Conversion Period
(Digital Data Sent by Controller
E.12 Timing Diagrams for HDTV Output Mode
Min. 4 CLKs
PB and PR
(Analog Outputs)
44T
(for 1080i)
44*(1/74.25 MHz) =
592.5 ns
70T
(for 720p)
70*(1/74.25 MHz) =
942.8 ns
BLANK
Period
(Generated by
Controller)
40T
(for 720p)
40*(1/74.25 MHz) =
538.7 ns
Automatically Generated by CX25870
Appendix E HDTV Output Mode
CX25870/871
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Figure E-6. Proper Interface Timing between the HDTV Source Device (Master) and CX25870/871 (Timing Slave): Active
Line in 1080i and 720p ATSC Format (RASTER SEL[1:0] = 11 or 10) for PB and PR Analog Outputs
Not to Scale
100381_068
100381B
100381B
Low Sync Period
Conexant
Broad Pulse Period
11 CLK
Pipeline Delay
(Generated by CX25870 Encoder)
BLANK* has no effect when either SYNC* is
active or in the tri-level sync period
NOTE(S):
a. CX25870/871 automatically generates a BROAD PULSE levels and timing.
If a BLANK* signal is not used, adhere to notes b. and c.
b. R, G, B, and Y digital samples have to equal 00 hex = 0 decimal for the BLANK Period.
c. Pr and Pb digital samples have to equal 80 hex = 128 decimal for the BLANK Period.
11 CLK
Pipeline Delay
11 CLK
Pipeline Delay
11 CLK
Pipeline Delay
BLANK Period
Time scale compressed.
BLANK*
(Input to CX25870)
1
VSYNC*
(Input to CX25870)
HSYNC*
(Input to CX25870)
[P23–P0]
50 mV
350 mV
650 mV
700 mV
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Min. 4 CLKs
Min. 4 CLKs
(Analog Outputs)
R, G, B, and
Y, PBPR
44T
(for 1080i)
44*(1/74.25 MHz) =
592.5 ns
Hi-Sync Period
....
44T
44T
(for 1080i)
44*(1/74.25 MHz) =
44*(1/74.25 MHz) =
592.5 ns
592.5 ns
BLANK
Period
(Generated by
Controller)
Automatically Generated by CX25870
CX25870/871
Appendix E HDTV Output Mode
E.12 Timing Diagrams for HDTV Output Mode
Figure E-7. Proper Interface Timing between the HDTV Source Device (Master) and CX25870/871 (Timing Slave): Broad
Pulse Line in 1080i ATSC Format (RASTER SEL[1:0] = 11)—Odd Field
100381_069
E-23
E-24
Low Sync Period
Min. 4 CLKs
Line
11 CLK
Pipeline Delay
....
Conexant
Active Period
for ODD FIELD
BLANK* has no effect when either SYNC* is
active or in the tri-level sync period
562 1/2 Lines
NOTE(S):
a. CX25870/871 automaticall generates a BROAD PULSE levels and timing.
If a BLANK* signal is not used, adhere to notes b. and c.
b. R, G, B, and Y digital samples have to equal 00 hex = 0 decimal for the BLANK Period.
c. Pr and Pb digital samples have to equal 80 hex = 128 decimal for the BLANK Period.
11 CLK
Pipeline Delay
Sync and
Blank
Period
Sync and
Blank
Period
11 CLK
Pipeline Delay
EVEN FIELD Begins
BLANK*
(Input to CX25870)
1
VSYNC*
(Input to CX25870)
HSYNC*
(Input to CX25870)
50 mV
350 mV
650 mV
Active Period
for EVEN FIELD
VSYNC* pulse must be received within +/- 5 clock periods of middle of the last
line of the ODD Field. For 1080i, this VSYNC* leading edge must occur between
the 1095th and 1105th clock on the 563rd line.
BLANK Period
Time scale compressed.
E.12 Timing Diagrams for HDTV Output Mode
ODD FIELD Begins
(Analog Outputs)
R, G, B, and
Y, PBPR
44T
(for 1080i)
44*(1/74.25 MHz) =
592.5 ns.
Hi-Sync Period
....
44T
44T
(for 1080i)
44*(1/74.25 MHz) =
44*(1/74.25 MHz) =
592.5 ns.
592.5 ns.
40T
70T
(for 720p)
(for 720p)
40*(1/74.25
MHz) =
70*(1/74.25 MHz) =
538.7 ns.
942.8 ns.
BLANK
Period
(Generated by
Controller)
40T
(for 720p)
40*(1/74.25 MHz) =
538.7 ns.
Automatically Generated by CX25870
Appendix E HDTV Output Mode
CX25870/871
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Figure E-8. Proper Interface Timing between the HDTV Source Device (Master) and CX25870/871 (Timing Slave): Two
Successive Active Fields in 1080i ATSC Format (RASTER SEL[1:0] = 11)
100381_070
100381B
100381B
Low Sync Period
....
Conexant
Broad Pulse Period
(Generated by CX25870 Encoder)
BLANK* has no effect when either SYNC* is
active or in the tri-level sync period
BLANK Period
NOTE(S):
a. CX25870/871 automatically generates a BROAD PULSE level and timing.
If a BLANK* signal is not used, adhere to notes b. and c.
b. R, G, B, and Y digital samples have to equal 00 hex = 0 decimal for the BLANK Period.
c. Pr and Pb digital samples have to equal 80 hex = 128 decimal for the BLANK Period.
11 CLK
Pipeline Delay
11 CLK
Pipeline Delay
44T
Hi-Sync Period
1
VSYNC*
(Input to CX25870)
HSYNC*
(Input to CX25870)
[P23–P0]
CLKI
50 mV
350 mV
650 mV
700 mV
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Min. 4 CLKs
Min. 4 CLKs
(Analog Outputs)
R, G, B, and
Y, PBPR
70T
40T
70T
(for 720p)
(for 720p)
40*(1/74.25
MHz) =
70*(1/74.25 MHz) =
538.7 ns
942.8 ns
BLANK
Period
(Generated by
Controller)
40T
(for 720p)
40*(1/74.25 MHz) =
538.7 ns
Automatically Generated by CX25870
CX25870/871
Appendix E HDTV Output Mode
E.12 Timing Diagrams for HDTV Output Mode
Figure E-9. Proper Interface Timing between the HDTV Source Device (Master) and CX25870/871 (Timing Slave): Broad
Pulse Line in 720p ATSC Format (RASTER SEL[1:0] = 10)
100381_071a
E-25
CX25870/871
Appendix E HDTV Output Mode
E.12 Timing Diagrams for HDTV Output Mode
E-26
Flicker-Free Video Encoder with Ultrascale Technology
Conexant
100381B
www.conexant.com
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