AD EVAL-ADE5169F62EBZ Single-phase energy measurement ic with 8052 mcu, rtc, and lcd driver Datasheet

Single-Phase Energy Measurement IC with
8052 MCU, RTC, and LCD Driver
ADE5166/ADE5169
GENERAL FEATURES
MICROPROCESSOR FEATURES
Wide supply voltage operation: 2.4 V to 3.7 V
Internal bipolar switch between regulated and battery inputs
Ultralow power operation with power saving modes (PSM)
Full operation: 4 mA to 1.6 mA (PLL clock dependent)
Battery mode: 3.2 mA to 400 μA (PLL clock dependent)
Sleep mode
Real-time clock (RTC) mode: 1.5 μA
RTC and LCD mode: 38 μA (LCD charge pump enabled)
Reference: 1.2 V ± 0.1% (10 ppm/°C drift)
64-lead RoHS package options
Low profile quad flat package (LQFP)
Operating temperature range: −40°C to +85°C
8052-based core
Single-cycle 4 MIPS 8052 core
8052-compatible instruction set
32.768 kHz external crystal with on-chip PLL
2 external interrupt sources
External reset pin
Low power battery mode
Wake-up from I/O, temperature change, alarm, and
universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART)
LCD driver operation with automatic scrolling
Temperature measurement
Real-time clock (RTC)
Counter for seconds, minutes, hours, days, months,
and years
Date counter, including leap year compensation
Automatic battery switchover for RTC backup
Operation down to 2.4 V
Ultralow battery supply current: 1.5 μA
Selectable output frequency: 1 Hz to 16 kHz
Embedded digital crystal frequency compensation for
calibration and temperature variation of 2 ppm resolution
Integrated LCD driver
104-segment driver for the ADE5166 and ADE5169
2×, 3×, or 4× multiplexing
4 LCD memory banks for screen scrolling
LCD voltages generated internally or with external resistors
Internal adjustable drive voltages up to 5 V independent
of power supply level
On-chip peripherals
2 independent UART interfaces
SPI or I2C
Watchdog timer
Power supply management with user-selectable levels
Memory: 62 kB flash memory, 2.256 kB RAM
Development tools
Single-pin emulation
IDE-based assembly and C-source debugging
ENERGY MEASUREMENT FEATURES
Proprietary analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and digital
signal processing (DSP) provide high accuracy active
(watt), reactive (var), and apparent energy (volt-ampere
(VA)) measurement
<0.1% error on active energy over a dynamic range of
1000 to 1 @ 25°C
<0.5% error on reactive energy over a dynamic range of
1000 to 1 @ 25°C (ADE5169 only)
<0.5% error on root mean square (rms) measurements
over a dynamic range of 500 to 1 for current (Irms) and
100 to 1 for voltage (Vrms) @ 25°C
Supports IEC 62053-21, IEC 62053-22, IEC 62053-23,
EN 50470-3 Class A, Class B, and Class C, and ANSI C12-16
Differential input with programmable gain amplifiers (PGAs)
supports shunts, current transformers, and di/dt current
sensors
2 current inputs for antitamper detection in the ADE5169
High frequency outputs proportional to Irms, active, reactive,
or apparent power (AP)
Table 1. Features Available on Each Part
Feature
Antitamper
WATT, VA, Irms, Vrms
VAR
di/dt Sensor
Part No.
ADE5166, ADE5169
ADE5166, ADE5169
ADE5169
ADE5169
Rev. 0
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no
responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other
rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No
license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.
Tel: 781.329.4700
www.analog.com
Fax: 781.461.3113
©2008 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
ADE5166/ADE5169
TABLE OF CONTENTS
General Features ............................................................................... 1
di/dt Current Sensor and Digital Integrator (ADE5169) .......... 47
Energy Measurement Features........................................................ 1
Power Quality Measurements................................................... 48
Microprocessor Features.................................................................. 1
Phase Compensation ................................................................. 50
Revision History ............................................................................... 3
RMS Calculation ........................................................................ 51
General Description ......................................................................... 4
Active Power Calculation .......................................................... 53
Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 4
Active Energy Calculation ........................................................ 55
Specifications..................................................................................... 5
Reactive Power Calculation (ADE5169) ................................. 58
Energy Metering ........................................................................... 5
Reactive Energy Calculation (ADE5169)................................ 60
Analog Peripherals ....................................................................... 6
Apparent Power Calculation ..................................................... 63
Digital Interface ............................................................................ 7
Apparent Energy Calculation ................................................... 63
Timing Specifications .................................................................. 9
Ampere-Hour Accumulation ................................................... 65
Absolute Maximum Ratings.......................................................... 14
Energy-to-Frequency Conversion............................................ 66
Thermal Resistance .................................................................... 14
Energy Register Scaling ............................................................. 66
ESD Caution ................................................................................ 14
Energy Measurement Interrupts .............................................. 67
Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions ........................... 15
Temperature, Battery, and Supply Voltage Measurements........ 68
Typical Performance Characteristics ........................................... 17
Temperature Measurement ....................................................... 70
Terminology .................................................................................... 21
Battery Measurement ................................................................. 70
Special Function Register (SFR) Mapping .................................. 22
External Voltage Measurement ................................................ 71
Power Management ........................................................................ 24
8052 MCU Core Architecture....................................................... 73
Power Management Register Details ....................................... 24
MCU Registers ............................................................................ 73
Power Supply Architecture ........................................................ 27
Basic 8052 Registers ................................................................... 75
Battery Switchover...................................................................... 27
Standard 8052 SFRs.................................................................... 77
Power Supply Management (PSM) Interrupt ......................... 27
Memory Overview ..................................................................... 77
Using the Power Supply Features ............................................. 29
Addressing Modes ...................................................................... 78
Operating Modes ............................................................................ 32
Instruction Set ............................................................................ 80
PSM0 (Normal Mode) ............................................................... 32
Read-Modify-Write Instructions ............................................. 82
PSM1 (Battery Mode) ................................................................ 32
Instructions That Affect Flags .................................................. 82
PSM2 (Sleep Mode).................................................................... 32
Dual Data Pointers ......................................................................... 84
3.3 V Peripherals and Wake-Up Events ................................... 33
Interrupt System ............................................................................. 85
Transitioning Between Operating Modes ............................... 34
Standard 8052 Interrupt Architecture ..................................... 85
Using the Power Management Features .................................. 34
Interrupt Architecture ............................................................... 85
Energy Measurement ..................................................................... 35
Interrupt Registers...................................................................... 85
Access to Energy Measurement SFRs ...................................... 35
Interrupt Priority ........................................................................ 86
Access to Internal Energy Measurement Registers ................ 35
Interrupt Flags ............................................................................ 87
Energy Measurement Registers ................................................ 37
Interrupt Vectors ........................................................................ 89
Energy Measurement Internal Register Details ..................... 38
Interrupt Latency........................................................................ 89
Interrupt Status/Enable SFRs .................................................... 41
Context Saving ............................................................................ 89
Analog Inputs .............................................................................. 42
Watchdog Timer ............................................................................. 90
Analog-to-Digital Conversion .................................................. 43
LCD Driver ...................................................................................... 92
Fault Detection ........................................................................... 46
LCD Registers ............................................................................. 92
Rev. 0 | Page 2 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
LCD Setup ....................................................................................95
UART Operation Modes ..........................................................123
LCD Timing and Waveforms ....................................................95
UART Baud Rate Generation ..................................................124
Blink Mode ...................................................................................96
UART Additional Features ......................................................126
Scrolling Mode ............................................................................96
UART2 Serial Interface.................................................................127
Display Element Control ............................................................96
UART2 SFRs ..............................................................................127
Voltage Generation .....................................................................97
UART2 Operation Mode .........................................................129
LCD External Circuitry ..............................................................97
UART2 Baud Rate Generation ................................................129
LCD Function in PSM2 ..............................................................98
UART2 Additional Features ....................................................130
Flash Memory ..................................................................................99
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) ..................................................131
Flash Memory Overview ............................................................99
SPI Registers ..............................................................................131
Flash Memory Organization......................................................99
SPI Pins.......................................................................................134
Using the Flash Memory ......................................................... 100
SPI Master Operating Modes ..................................................135
Protecting the Flash Memory ................................................. 103
SPI Interrupt and Status Flags .................................................136
2
In Circuit Programming ......................................................... 105
I C-Compatible Interface .............................................................137
Timers ............................................................................................ 106
Serial Clock Generation ...........................................................137
Timer Registers......................................................................... 106
Slave Addresses..........................................................................137
Timer 0 and Timer 1 ................................................................ 108
I2C Registers ...............................................................................137
Timer 2 ...................................................................................... 109
Read and Write Operations .....................................................138
PLL ................................................................................................. 111
I2C Receive and Transmit FIFOs.............................................139
PLL Registers ............................................................................ 111
I/O Ports .........................................................................................140
Real-Time Clock (RTC) .............................................................. 112
Parallel I/O .................................................................................140
Access to RTC SFRs ................................................................. 112
I/O Registers ..............................................................................141
Access to Internal RTC Registers ........................................... 112
Port 0...........................................................................................144
RTC SFRs .................................................................................. 113
Port 1...........................................................................................144
RTC Registers ........................................................................... 116
Port 2...........................................................................................144
RTC Calendar ........................................................................... 117
Determining the Version of the ADE5166/ADE5169 ..............145
RTC Interrupts ......................................................................... 118
Outline Dimensions ......................................................................146
RTC Crystal Compensation.................................................... 119
Ordering Guide .........................................................................146
UART Serial Interface .................................................................. 120
UART SFRs ............................................................................... 120
REVISION HISTORY
10/08—Revision 0: Initial Version
Rev. 0 | Page 3 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The ADE5166/ADE51691 integrate the Analog Devices, Inc.,
energy (ADE) metering IC analog front end and fixed function
DSP solution with an enhanced 8052 MCU core, a full RTC, an
LCD driver, and all the peripherals to make an electronic energy
meter with an LCD display in a single part.
The microprocessor functionality includes a single-cycle 8052 core,
a full RTC with a power supply backup pin, an SPI or I2C®
interface, and two independent UART interfaces. The ready-touse information from the ADE core reduces the requirement for
program memory size, making it easy to integrate complicated
design into 62 kB of flash memory.
The ADE measurement core includes active, reactive, and apparent
energy calculations, as well as voltage and current rms measurements. This information is accessible for energy billing by using the
built-in energy scalars. Many power line supervisory features such
as SAG, peak, and zero crossing are included in the energy
measurement DSP to simplify energy meter design.
Patents pending.
+
PGA2
–
P1.7/FP20
P1.6/FP21
P1.4/T2/FP23
P1.5/FP22
P1.3/T2EX/FP24
P1.1/TxD
P1.2/FP25/ZX
P1.0/RxD
P0.3/CF2
P0.4/MOSI/SDATA
P0.5/MISO/ZX
P0.6/SCLK/T0
P0.7/SS/T1/RxD2
P0.2/CF1/RTCCAL
P0.1/FP19
P0.0 (BCTRL/INT1/P0.0)
T2EX
T2
T1
MOSI/SDATA
T0
MISO
ENERGY
MEASUREMENT
DSP
104-SEGMENT
LCD DRIVER
USER RAM
256 BYTES
TEMP
ADC
WATCHDOG
TIMER
USER XRAM
2kB
UART2
TIMER
60
61
62
59
56
51
VINTA
RESET
EA
UART
SERIAL
PORT
RTC
OSC
36
37
44
38
47
46
48
45
INT1
64
VINTD
LDO
VSWOUT
LDO
UART
TIMER
UART2
SERIAL
PORT
INT0
POR
PLL
XTAL2
POWER SUPPLY
CONTROL AND
MONITORING
DOWNLOADER
DEBUGGER
XTAL1
VSW
ADC
TxD2
BATTERY
ADC
12
P2.0/FP18
13
P2.1/FP17
14
P2.2/FP16
44
P2.3 (SDEN/P2.3/TxD2)
19
LCDVP1
16
LCDVP2
18
LCDVA
17
LCDVB
15
LCDVC
4
COM0
Figure 1.
Rev. 0 | Page 4 of 148
...
1
COM3
35
FP0
.. .
SINGLE
CYCLE
8052
MCU
PROGRAM MEMORY
62kB FLASH
VDD
VBAT 58
9 10
3V/5V LCD
CHARGE PUMP
ADC
TEMP
SENSOR
8
...
20
FP15
14
FP16
13
FP17
12
FP18
11
FP19
10
FP20
9
FP21
8
FP22
7
FP23
6
FP24
5
FP25
1
FP27
2
FP28
07411-201
ADC
7
...
+
PGA1
–
6
ADE5166/ADE5169
3 × 16-BIT
COUNTER
TIMERS
ADC
DGND 63
AGND 54
37 36 5
RxD2
VN 50
45 11 43 42 41 40 39 38
RxD
VP 49
6
TxD
IPB 55
39 38 7
1-PIN
EMULATOR
IN 53
+
PGA1
–
38 39 40 41
SPI/I2C
SERIAL
INTERFACE
1.20V
REF
IPA 52
SCLK
43 42
SS
CF1
57
CF2
REFIN/OUT
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
VDCIN
1
The ADE5166/ADE5169 include a 104-segment LCD driver with
the capability to store up to four LCD screens in memory. This
driver generates voltages capable of driving LCDs up to 5 V.
ADE5166/ADE5169
SPECIFICATIONS
VDD = 3.3 V ± 5%, AGND = DGND = 0 V, on-chip reference XTALx = 32.768 kHz, TMIN to TMAX = −40°C to +85°C, unless otherwise noted.
ENERGY METERING
Table 2.
Parameter
MEASUREMENT ACCURACY 1
Phase Error Between Channels
PF = 0.8 Capacitive
PF = 0.5 Inductive
Active Energy Measurement Error 2
AC Power Supply Rejection2
Output Frequency Variation
DC Power Supply Rejection2
Output Frequency Variation
Active Energy Measurement Bandwidth1
Reactive Energy Measurement Error2
Vrms Measurement Error2
Vrms Measurement Bandwidth1
Irms Measurement Error2
Irms Measurement Bandwidth1
ANALOG INPUTS
Maximum Signal Levels
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Test Conditions/Comments
±0.05
±0.05
0.1
Degrees
Degrees
% of reading
0.01
%
Phase lead: 37°
Phase lag: 60°
Over a dynamic range of 1000 to 1 @ 25°C
VDD = 3.3 V + 100 mV rms/120 Hz
IPx = VP = ±100 mV rms
VDD = 3.3 V ± 117 mV dc
0.01
8
0.5
0.5
3.9
0.5
3.9
%
kHz
% of reading
% of reading
kHz
% of reading
kHz
±500
±500
Input Impedance (DC)
ADC Offset Error2
Gain Error2
Current Channel
Voltage Channel
Gain Error Match
CF1 AND CF2 PULSE OUTPUT
Maximum Output Frequency
Duty Cycle
Active High Pulse Width
FAULT DETECTION
Fault Detection Threshold
Inactive Input ≠ Active Input
Input Swap Threshold
Inactive Input > Active Input
Accuracy Fault Mode Operation
IPA Active, IPB = AGND
IPB Active, IPA = AGND
Fault Detection Delay
Swap Delay
1
2
Over a dynamic range of 1000 to 1 @ 25°C
Over a dynamic range of 100 to 1 @ 25°C
Over a dynamic range of 500 to 1 @ 25°C
VP − VN differential input
IPA − IN and IPB − IN differential inputs
770
±10
±1
mV peak
mV peak
kΩ
mV
mV
±3
±3
±0.2
%
%
%
IPA = IPB = 0.5 V dc
VP − VN = 0.5 V dc
21.6
50
90
kHz
%
ms
VP − VN = 500 mV peak, IPA − IN = 500 mV
If CF1 or CF2 frequency, >5.55 Hz
If CF1 or CF2 frequency, <5.55 Hz
6.25
%, of active
IPA or IPB active
6.25
% of active
IPA or IPB active
0.1
0.1
3
3
% of reading
% of reading
Seconds
Seconds
Over a dynamic range of 500 to 1
Over a dynamic range of 500 to 1
PGA1 = PGA2 = 1
PGA1 = 16
These specifications are not production tested but are guaranteed by design and/or characterization data on production release.
See the Terminology section for definition.
Rev. 0 | Page 5 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
ANALOG PERIPHERALS
Table 3.
Parameter
INTERNAL ADCs (BATTERY, TEMPERATURE, VDCIN)
Power Supply Operating Range
No Missing Codes 1
Conversion Delay 2
ADC Gain
VDCIN Measurement
VBAT Measurement
Temperature Measurement
ADC Offset
VDCIN Measurement at 3 V
VBAT Measurement at 3.7 V
Temperature Measurement at 25°C
VDCIN Analog Input
Maximum Signal Levels
Input Impedance (DC)
Low VDCIN Detection Threshold
POWER-ON RESET (POR)
VDD POR
Detection Threshold
POR Active Timeout Period
VSWOUT POR
Detection Threshold
POR Active Timeout Period
VINTD POR
Detection Threshold
POR Active Timeout Period
VINTA POR
Detection Threshold
POR Active Timeout Period
BATTERY SWITCH OVER
Voltage Operating Range (VSWOUT)
VDD to VBAT Switching
Switching Threshold (VDD)
Switching Delay
VBAT to VDD Switching
Switching Threshold (VDD)
Switching Delay
VSWOUT To VBAT Leakage Current
LCD, CHARGE PUMP ACTIVE
Charge Pump Capacitance Between
LCDVP1 and LCDVP2
LCDVA, LCDVB, LCDVC Decoupling Capacitance
LCDVA
LCDVB
LCDVC
V1 Segment Line Voltage
V2 Segment Line Voltage
V3 Segment Line Voltage
DC Voltage Across Segment and COMx Pin
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Test Conditions/Comments
3.7
Measured on VSWOUT
38
V
Bits
μs
15.3
14.6
0.83
mV/LSB
mV/LSB
°C/LSB
200
246
123
LSB
LSB
LSB
2.4
8
0
1
1.09
3.3
1.2
2.5
1.27
2.95
V
ms
2.2
V
ms
2.25
V
ms
2.25
V
ms
3.7
V
2.95
V
ns
ms
When VDD to VBAT switch activated by VDD
When VDD to VBAT switch activated by VDCIN
V
ms
nA
Based on VDD > 2.75 V
VBAT = 0 V, VSWOUT = 3.43 V, TA = 25°C
33
1.8
20
2.0
16
2.0
120
2.4
2.5
10
30
2.5
V
MΩ
V
2.95
30
10
100
nF
470
0
0
0
LCDVA − 0.1
LCDVB − 0.1
LCDVC − 0.1
1.9
3.8
5.8
LCDVA
LCDVB
LCDVC
50
Rev. 0 | Page 6 of 148
nF
V
V
V
V
V
V
mV
1/3 bias mode
1/3 bias mode
Current on segment line = −2 μA
Current on segment line = −2 μA
Current on segment line = −2 μA
LCDVC − LCDVB, LCDVC − LCDVA, or
LCDVB − LCDVA
ADE5166/ADE5169
Parameter
LCD, RESISTOR LADDER ACTIVE
Leakage Current
V1 Segment Line Voltage
V2 Segment Line Voltage
V3 Segment Line Voltage
ON-CHIP REFERENCE
Reference Error
Power Supply Rejection
Temperature Coefficient1
1
2
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Test Conditions/Comments
LCDVA
LCDVB
LCDVC
nA
V
V
V
1/2 and 1/3 bias modes, no load
Current on segment line = −2 μA
Current on segment line = −2 μA
Current on segment line = −2 μA
Nominal 1.2035 V
TA = 25°C, Fcore = 1.024 MHz
±20
LCDVA − 0.1
LCDVB − 0.1
LCDVC − 0.1
−2.2
+2.2
80
10
50
mV
dB
ppm/°C
Fcore = 1.024 MHz
These specifications are not production tested but are guaranteed by design and/or characterization data on production release.
Delay between ADC conversion request and interrupt set.
DIGITAL INTERFACE
Table 4.
Parameter
LOGIC INPUTS 1
All Inputs Except XTAL1, XTAL2, BCTRL, INT0,
INT1, RESET
Input High Voltage, VINH
Input Low Voltage, VINL
BCTRL, INT0, INT1, RESET
Input High Voltage, VINH
Input Low Voltage, VINL
Input Currents
RESET
Port 0, Port 1, Port 2
Min
Typ
LOGIC OUTPUTS
Output High Voltage, VOH
ISOURCE
Output Low Voltage, VOL 5
ISINK
START-UP TIME 6
PSM0 Power-On Time
From Power Saving Mode 1 (PSM1)
PSM1 to PSM0
From Power Saving Mode 2 (PSM2)
PSM2 to PSM1
PSM2 to PSM0
Unit
0.8
V
V
0.8
V
V
100
±100
nA
nA
−8.5
μA
2.0
1.3
−3.75
Input Capacitance
FLASH MEMORY
Endurance 2
Data Retention 3
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR 4
Crystal Equivalent Series Resistance
Crystal Frequency
XTAL1 Input Capacitance
XTAL2 Output Capacitance
MCU CLOCK RATE (fCORE)
Max
10
20,000
20
30
32
32.768
12
12
4.096
32
50
33.5
2.4
Test Conditions/Comments
pF
RESET = VSWOUT = 3.3 V
Internal pull-up disabled, input = 0 V or
VSWOUT
Internal pull-up enabled, input = 0 V,
VSWOUT = 3.3 V
All digital inputs
Cycles
Years
TJ = 85°C
kΩ
kHz
pF
pF
MHz
kHz
Crystal = 32.768 kHz and CD[2:0] = 0
Crystal = 32.768 kHz and CD[2:0] = 0b111
V
μA
V
mA
VDD = 3.3 V ± 5%
880
ms
VDD at 2.75 V to PSM0 code execution
130
ms
VDD at 2.75 V to PSM0 code execution
48
186
ms
ms
Wake-up event to PSM1 code execution
VDD at 2.75 V to PSM0 code execution
80
0.4
2
Rev. 0 | Page 7 of 148
VDD = 3.3 V ± 5%
ADE5166/ADE5169
Parameter
POWER SUPPLY INPUTS
VDD
VBAT
INTERNAL POWER SUPPLY SWITCH (VSWOUT)
VBAT to VSWOUT On Resistance
VDD to VSWOUT On Resistance
VBAT to/from VDD Switching Open Time
BCTRL State Change and Switch Delay
VSWOUT Output Current Drive
POWER SUPPLY OUTPUTS
VINTA
VINTD
VINTA Power Supply Rejection
VINTD Power Supply Rejection
POWER SUPPLY CURRENTS
Current in Normal Mode (PSM0)
Current in PSM1
Current in PSM2
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
3.13
2.4
3.3
3.3
3.46
3.7
V
V
12
9
Ω
Ω
ns
μs
mA
40
18
6
2.3
2.3
2.70
2.70
V
V
dB
dB
5.3
mA
mA
mA
mA
60
50
4.4
2.2
1.6
3
3.3
1
38
3.9
5.05
1.7
1
mA
mA
μA
μA
Test Conditions/Comments
VBAT = 2.4 V
VDD = 3.13 V
fCORE = 4.096 MHz, LCD and meter active
fCORE = 1.024 MHz, LCD and meter active
fCORE = 32.768 kHz, LCD and meter active
fCORE = 4.096 MHz, metering ADC and DSP
powered down
fCORE = 4.096 MHz, LCD active, VBAT = 3.7 V
fCORE = 1.024 MHz, LCD active
LCD active with charge pump at 3.3 V + RTC,
VBAT = 3.3 V
RTC only, TA = 25°C, VBAT = 3.3 V
Specifications guaranteed by design.
Endurance is qualified as per JEDEC Standard 22 Method A117 and measured at −40°C, +25°C, +85°C, and +125°C.
3
Retention lifetime equivalent at junction temperature (TJ) = 85°C as per JEDEC Standard 22 Method A117. Retention lifetime derates with junction temperature.
4
Recommended crystal specifications.
5
Test carried out with all the I/Os set to a low output level.
6
Delay between power supply valid and execution of first instruction by 8052 core.
2
Rev. 0 | Page 8 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
For timing purposes, a port pin is no longer floating when a
100 mV change from load voltage occurs. A port pin begins to
float when a 100 mV change from the loaded VOH/VOL level
occurs, as shown in Figure 2.
TIMING SPECIFICATIONS
AC inputs during testing were driven at VSWOUT − 0.5 V for Logic 1
and at 0.45 V for Logic 0. Timing measurements were made at VIH
minimum for Logic 1 and at VIL maximum for Logic 0, as shown in
Figure 2.
VLOAD – 0.1V
0.2VSWOUT + 0.9V
TEST POINTS
0.2VSWOUT – 0.1V
0.45V
VLOAD – 0.1V
TIMING
REFERENCE
POINTS
VLOAD
VLOAD + 0.1V
VLOAD
VLOAD – 0.1V
07411-002
VSWOUT – 0.5V
CLOAD for all outputs = 80 pF, unless otherwise noted. VDD = 2.7 V
to 3.6 V; all specifications TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.
Figure 2. Timing Waveform Characteristics
Table 5. Clock Input (External Clock Driven XTAL1) Parameter
Parameter
tCK
tCKL
tCKH
tCKR
tCKF
1/tCORE
1
Description
XTAL1 period
XTAL1 width low
XTAL1 width high
XTAL1 rise time
XTAL1 fall time
Core clock frequency 1
32.768 kHz External Crystal
Typ
Max
30.52
6.26
6.26
9
9
1.024
Min
Unit
μs
μs
μs
ns
ns
MHz
The ADE5166/ADE5169 internal PLL locks onto a multiple (512×) of the 32.768 kHz external crystal frequency to provide a stable 4.096 MHz internal clock for the
system. The core can operate at this frequency or at a binary submultiple defined by the CD[2:0] bits of the POWCON SFR, Address 0xC5 (see Table 25).
Table 6. I2C-Compatible Interface Timing Parameters (400 kHz)
Parameter
tBUF
tL
tH
tSHD
tDSU
tDHD
tRSU
tPSU
tR
tF
tSUP 1
Typ
1.3
1.36
1.14
251.35
740
400
12.5
400
200
300
50
Unit
μs
μs
μs
μs
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
Input filtering on both the SCLK and SDATA inputs suppresses noise spikes of <50 ns.
tBUF
tSUP
SDATA (I/O)
MSB
tDSU
tPSU
LSB
MSB
tDSU
8
2 TO 7
tL
tF
tDHD
tR
tRSU
tH
1
PS
ACK
tDHD
tSHD
SCLK (I)
tR
9
tSUP
STOP
START
CONDITION CONDITION
1
S(R)
REPEATED
START
Figure 3. I2C-Compatible Interface Timing
Rev. 0 | Page 9 of 148
tF
07411-003
1
Description
Bus-free time between stop condition and start condition
SCLK low pulse width
SCLK high pulse width
Start condition hold time
Data setup time
Data hold time
Setup time for repeated start
Stop condition setup time
Rise time of both SCLK and SDATA
Fall time of both SCLK and SDATA
Pulse width of spike suppressed
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 7. SPI Master Mode Timing (SPICPHA = 1) Parameters
Parameter
tSL
tSH
tDAV
tDSU
tDHD
tDF
tDR
tSR
tSF
Min
2SPIR × tCORE 1
2SPIR × tCORE1
Typ
Max
3 × tCORE1
0
tCORE1
19
19
19
19
tCORE depends on the clock divider or CD[2:0] bits of the POWCON SFR, Address 0xC5 (see Table 25); tCORE = 2CD/4.096 MHz.
SCLK
(SPICPOL = 0)
tSH
tSL
tSR
SCLK
(SPICPOL = 1)
tDAV
tDF
tSF
tDR
MOSI
BITS [6:1]
MSB
MISO
MSB IN
tDSU
BITS [6:1]
tDHD
Figure 4. SPI Master Mode Timing (SPICPHA = 1)
Rev. 0 | Page 10 of 148
LSB
LSB IN
07411-004
1
Description
SCLK low pulse width
SCLK high pulse width
Data output valid after SCLK edge
Data input setup time before SCLK edge
Data input hold time after SCLK edge
Data output fall time
Data output rise time
SCLK rise time
SCLK fall time
Unit
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 8. SPI Master Mode Timing (SPICPHA = 0) Parameters
Parameter
tSL
tSH
tDAV
tDOSU
tDSU
tDHD
tDF
tDR
tSR
tSF
Min
2SPIR × tCORE 1
2SPIR × tCORE1
Typ
(SPIR + 1) × tCORE1
(SPIR + 1) × tCORE1
Max
3 × tCORE1
75
0
tCORE1
19
19
19
19
tCORE depends on the clock divider or CD[2:0] bits of the POWCON SFR, Address 0xC5 (see Table 25); tCORE = 2CD/4.096 MHz.
SCLK
(SPICPOL = 0)
tSH
tSL
tSR
SCLK
(SPICPOL = 1)
tSF
tDAV
tDOSU
tDF
tDR
MOSI
MSB
MISO
MSB IN
tDSU
BITS [6:1]
BITS [6:1]
LSB
LSB IN
07411-005
1
Description
SCLK low pulse width
SCLK high pulse width
Data output valid after SCLK edge
Data output setup before SCLK edge
Data input setup time before SCLK edge
Data input hold time after SCLK edge
Data output fall time
Data output rise time
SCLK rise time
SCLK fall time
tDHD
Figure 5. SPI Master Mode Timing (SPICPHA = 0)
Rev. 0 | Page 11 of 148
Unit
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 9. SPI Slave Mode Timing (SPICPHA = 1) Parameters
Parameter
tSS
Description
SS to SCLK edge
Min
145
tSL
tSH
tDAV
tDSU
tDHD
tDF
tDR
tSR
tSF
tSFS
SCLK low pulse width
SCLK high pulse width
Data output valid after SCLK edge
Data input setup time before SCLK edge
Data input hold time after SCLK edge
Data output fall time
Data output rise time
SCLK rise time
SCLK fall time
SS high after SCLK edge
6 × tCORE 1
6 × tCORE1
Max
25
0
2 × tCORE1 + 0.5 μs
19
19
19
19
0
tCORE depends on the clock divider or CD[2:0] bits of the POWCON SFR, Address 0xC5 (see Table 25); tCORE = 2CD/4.096 MHz.
SS
tSFS
tSS
SCLK
(SPICPOL = 0)
tSL
tSH
tSR
SCLK
(SPICPOL = 1)
tDAV
tDF
MSB
MISO
MOSI
MSB IN
tDSU
tDR
BITS [6:1]
BITS [6:1]
tDHD
Figure 6. SPI Slave Mode Timing (SPICPHA = 1)
Rev. 0 | Page 12 of 148
tSF
LSB
LSB IN
07411-006
1
Typ
Unit
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
μs
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 10. SPI Slave Mode Timing (SPICPHA = 0) Parameters
Parameter
tSS
Description
SS to SCLK edge
Min
145
tSL
tSH
tDAV
tDSU
tDHD
tDF
tDR
tSR
tSF
tDOSS
tSFS
SCLK low pulse width
SCLK high pulse width
Data output valid after SCLK edge
Data input setup time before SCLK edge
Data input hold time after SCLK edge
Data output fall time
Data output rise time
SCLK rise time
SCLK fall time
Data output valid after SS edge
SS high after SCLK edge
6 × tCORE 1
6 × tCORE1
Max
25
0
2 × tCORE1+ 0.5 μs
19
19
19
19
0
0
tCORE depends on the clock divider or CD[2:0] bits of the POWCON SFR, Address 0xC5 (see Table 25); tCORE = 2CD/4.096 MHz.
SS
tSFS
tSS
SCLK
(SPICPOL = 0)
tSL
tSH
tSR
SCLK
(SPICPOL = 1)
tSF
tDAV
tDOSS
tDF
MSB
MISO
MOSI
BITS [6:1]
BITS [6:1]
MSB IN
tDSU
tDR
LSB
LSB IN
07411-007
1
Typ
tDHD
Figure 7. SPI Slave Mode Timing (SPICPHA = 0)
Rev. 0 | Page 13 of 148
Unit
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
μs
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ADE5166/ADE5169
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.
Table 11.
Parameter
VDD to DGND
VBAT to DGND
VDCIN to DGND
Input LCD Voltage to AGND, LCDVA,
LCDVB, LCDVC1
Analog Input Voltage to AGND, VP, VN, IPA,
and IN
Digital Input Voltage to DGND
Digital Output Voltage to DGND
Operating Temperature Range (Industrial)
Storage Temperature Range
64-Lead LQFP, Power Dissipation
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 30 sec)
1
Rating
−0.3 V to +3.7 V
−0.3 V to +3.7 V
−0.3 V to VSWOUT + 0.3 V
−0.3 V to VSWOUT + 0.3 V
−2 V to +2 V
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings
may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress
rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any
other conditions above those indicated in the operational
section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
THERMAL RESISTANCE
θJA is specified for the worst-case conditions, that is, a device
soldered in a circuit board for surface-mount packages.
−0.3 V to VSWOUT + 0.3 V
−0.3 V to VSWOUT + 0.3 V
−40°C to +85°C
−65°C to +150°C
Package Type
64-Lead LQFP
300°C
ESD CAUTION
Table 12. Thermal Resistance
When used with external resistor divider.
Rev. 0 | Page 14 of 148
θJA
60
θJC
20.5
Unit
°C/W
ADE5166/ADE5169
VP
VN
EA
IPA
IN
AGND
REFIN/OUT
RESET
IPB
VBAT
VINTA
VDD
VSWOUT
VINTD
DGND
VDCIN
PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49
COM3/FP27
1
COM2/FP28
2
COM1
48
INT0
47
XTAL1
3
46
XTAL2
COM0
4
45
BCTRL/INT1/P0.0
P1.2/FP25/ZX
5
44
SDEN/P2.3/TxD2
P1.3/T2EX/FP24
6
43
P0.2/CF1/RTCCAL
P1.4/T2/FP23
7
42
8
ADE5166/ADE5169
P0.3/CF2
P1.5/FP22
41
P0.4/MOSI/SDATA
P1.6/FP21
9
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale)
40
P0.5/MISO/ZX
39
P0.6/SCLK/T0
P0.1/FP19 11
38
P0.7/SS/T1/RxD2
P2.0/FP18 12
37
P1.0/RxD
P2.1/FP17 13
36
P1.1/TxD
P2.2/FP16 14
35
FP0
LCDVC 15
34
FP1
LCDVP2 16
33
FP2
PIN 1
P1.7/FP20 10
07411-010
FP3
FP4
FP5
FP6
FP7
FP8
FP9
FP10
FP11
FP12
FP13
FP14
FP15
LCDVP1
LCDVA
LCDVB
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
Figure 8. Pin Configuration
Table 13. Pin Function Descriptions
Pin No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Mnemonic
COM3/FP27
COM2/FP28
COM1
COM0
P1.2/FP25/ZX
P1.3/T2EX/FP24
P1.4/T2/FP23
P1.5/FP22
P1.6/FP21
P1.7/FP20
P0.1/FP19
P2.0/FP18
P2.1/FP17
P2.2/FP16
LCDVC
LCDVP2
17, 18
19
LCDVB, LCDVA
LCDVP1
20 to 35
36
37
38
FP15 to FP0
P1.1/TxD
P1.0/RxD
P0.7/SS/T1/RxD2
39
40
41
P0.6/SCLK/T0
P0.5/MISO/ZX
P0.4/MOSI/SDATA
Description
Common Output 3/LCD Segment Output 27. COM3 is used for the LCD backplane.
Common Output 2/LCD Segment Output 28. COM2 is used for the LCD backplane.
Common Output 1. COM1 is used for the LCD backplane.
Common Output 0. COM0 is used for the LCD backplane.
General-Purpose Digital I/O Port 1.2/LCD Segment Output 25/ZX Output.
General-Purpose Digital I/O Port 1.3/Timer 2 Control Input/LCD Segment Output 24.
General-Purpose Digital I/O Port 1.4/Timer 2 Input/LCD Segment Output 23.
General-Purpose Digital I/O Port 1.5/LCD Segment Output 22.
General-Purpose Digital I/O Port 1.6/LCD Segment Output 21.
General-Purpose Digital I/O Port 1.7/LCD Segment Output 20.
General-Purpose Digital I/O Port 0.1/LCD Segment Output 19.
General-Purpose Digital I/O Port 2.0/LCD Segment Output 18.
General-Purpose Digital I/O Port 2.1/LCD Segment Output 17.
General-Purpose Digital I/O Port 2.2/LCD Segment Output 16.
Output Port for LCD Levels. This pin should be decoupled with a 470 nF capacitor.
Analog Output. A 100 nF capacitor should be connected between this pin and LCDVP1 for the internal LCD
charge pump device.
Output Port for LCD Levels. These pins should be decoupled with a 470 nF capacitor.
Analog Output. A 100 nF capacitor should be connected between this pin and LCDVP2 for the internal LCD
charge pump device.
LCD Segment Output 0 to LCD Segment Output 15.
General-Purpose Digital I/O Port 1.1/Transmitter Data Output (Asynchronous).
General-Purpose Digital I/O Port 1.0/Receiver Data Input (Asynchronous).
General-Purpose Digital I/O Port 0.7/Slave Select When SPI Is in Slave Mode/Timer 1 Input/Receive Data
Input 2 (Asynchronous).
General-Purpose Digital I/O Port 0.6/Clock Output for I2C or SPI Port/Timer 0 Input.
General-Purpose Digital I/O Port 0.5/Data Input for SPI Port/ZX Output.
General-Purpose Digital I/O Port 0.4/Data Output for SPI Port/I2C-Compatible Data Line.
Rev. 0 | Page 15 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Pin No.
42
Mnemonic
P0.3/CF2
43
P0.2/CF1/RTCCAL
44
SDEN/P2.3/TxD2
45
BCTRL/INT1/P0.0
46
XTAL2
47
XTAL1
48
49, 50
INT0
VP, VN
51
EA
52, 53
IPA, IN
54
55
AGND
IPB
56
57
RESET
REFIN/OUT
58
VBAT
59
VINTA
60
VDD
61
VSWOUT
62
VINTD
63
64
DGND
VDCIN
Description
General-Purpose Digital I/O Port 0.3/Calibration Frequency Logic Output 2. The CF2 logic output gives
instantaneous active, reactive, Irms, or apparent power information.
General-Purpose Digital I/O Port 0.2/Calibration Frequency Logic Output 1/RTC Calibration Frequency Logic
Output. The CF1 logic output gives instantaneous active, reactive, or apparent power or Irms, information. The
RTCCAL logic output gives access to the calibrated RTC output.
Serial Download Mode Enable/General-Purpose Digital Output Port P2.3/Transmitter Data Output 2
(Asynchronous). This pin is used to enable serial download mode through a resistor when pulled low on
power-up or reset. On reset, this pin momentarily becomes an input, and the status of the pin is sampled. If
there is no pull-down resistor in place, the pin momentarily goes high and then user code is executed. If the
pin is pulled down on reset, the embedded serial download/debug kernel executes, and this pin remains
low during the internal program execution. After reset, this pin can be used as a digital output port pin (P2.3)
or as Transmitter Data Output 2 (asynchronous).
Digital Input for Battery Control/External Interrupt Input 1/General-Purpose Digital I/O Port 0.0. This logic
input connects VDD or VBAT to VSWOUT internally when set to logic high or logic low, respectively. When left
open, the connection between VDD or VBAT and VSWOUT is selected internally.
A crystal can be connected across this pin and XTAL1 (see XTAL1 pin description) to provide a clock source
for the ADE5166/ADE5169. The XTAL2 pin can drive one CMOS load when an external clock is supplied at
XTAL1 or by the gate oscillator circuit. An internal 6 pF capacitor is connected to this pin.
An external clock can be provided at this logic input. Alternatively, a tuning fork crystal can be connected
across XTAL1 and XTAL2 to provide a clock source for the ADE5166/ADE5169. The clock frequency for
specified operation is 32.768 kHz. An internal 6 pF capacitor is connected to this pin.
External Interrupt Input 0.
Analog Inputs for Voltage Channel. These inputs are fully differential voltage inputs with a maximum
differential level of ±400 mV for specified operation. This channel also has an internal PGA.
This pin is used as an input for emulation. When held high, this input enables the device to fetch code from
internal program memory locations. The ADE5169 does not support external code memory. This pin should
not be left floating.
Analog Inputs for Current Channel. These inputs are fully differential voltage inputs with a maximum
differential level of ±400 mV for specified operation. This channel also has an internal PGA.
This pin provides the ground reference for the analog circuitry.
Analog Input for Second Current Channel. This input is fully differential with a maximum differential level of
±400 mV, referred to IN for specified operation. This channel also has an internal PGA.
Reset Input, Active Low.
This pin provides access to the on-chip voltage reference. The on-chip reference has a nominal value of
1.2 V ± 0.1% and a typical temperature coefficient of 50 ppm/°C maximum. This pin should be decoupled
with a 1 μF capacitor in parallel with a ceramic 100 nF capacitor.
Power Supply Input from the Battery with a 2.4 V to 3.7 V Range. This pin is connected internally to VDD when
the battery is selected as the power supply for the ADE5166/ADE5169.
This pin provides access to the on-chip 2.5 V analog LDO. No external active circuitry should be connected to
this pin. This pin should be decoupled with a 10 μF capacitor in parallel with a ceramic 100 nF capacitor.
3.3 V Power Supply Input from the Regulator. This pin is connected internally to VSWOUT when the regulator is
selected as the power supply for the ADE5166/ADE5169. This pin should be decoupled with a 10 μF
capacitor in parallel with a ceramic 100 nF capacitor.
3.3 V Power Supply Output. This pin provides the supply voltage for the LDOs and internal circuitry of the
ADE5166/ADE5169. This pin should be decoupled with a 10 μF capacitor in parallel with a ceramic 100 nF
capacitor.
This pin provides access to the on-chip 2.5 V digital LDO. No external active circuitry should be connected to
this pin. This pin should be decoupled with a 10 μF capacitor in parallel with a ceramic 100 nF capacitor.
This pin provides the ground reference for the digital circuitry.
Analog Input for DC Voltage Monitoring. The maximum input voltage on this pin is VSWOUT with respect to
AGND. This pin is used to monitor the preregulated dc voltage.
Rev. 0 | Page 16 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
2.0
1.5
2.0
MID CLASS C
GAIN = 1
INTEGRATOR OFF
INTERNAL REFERENCE
1.5
1.0
0.5
+25°C; PF = 1
ERROR (% of Reading)
ERROR (% of Reading)
1.0
GAIN = 1
INTEGRATOR OFF
INTERNAL REFERENCE
+85°C; PF = 1
0
–40°C ; PF = 1
–0.5
–1.0
–1.5
0.5
+25°C; PF = 0
+85°C; PF = 0
–40°C; PF = 0.866
0
–40°C; PF = 0
+25°C; PF = 0.866
–0.5
–1.0
–1.5
1
10
100
CURRENT CHANNEL (% of Full Scale)
Figure 9. Active Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 1) over
Temperature with Internal Reference, Integrator Off
1.5
+85°C; PF = 1
1.5
–40°C; PF = 0.5
–40°C; PF = 1
+25°C; PF = 0.5
MID CLASS C
GAIN = 1
INTEGRATOR OFF
INTERNAL REFERENCE
1.0
0
–0.5
100
2.0
+85°C; PF = 0.5
+25°C; PF = 1
10
Figure 12. Reactive Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 1) over
Power Factor with Internal Reference, Integrator Off
GAIN = 1
INTEGRATOR OFF
INTERNAL REFERENCE
MID CLASS C
0.5
1
CURRENT CHANNEL (% of Full Scale)
ERROR (% of Reading)
ERROR (% of Reading)
1.0
–2.0
0.1
07411-126
–2.0
0.1
07411-129
MID CLASS C
MID CLASS C
–1.0
0.5
+85°C; PF = 1
–40°C; PF = 1
0
+25°C; PF = 1
–0.5
–1.0
–1.5
10
100
07411-127
1
CURRENT CHANNEL (% of Full Scale)
–2.0
0.1
Figure 10. Active Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 1) over
Power Factor with Internal Reference, Integrator Off
100
2.0
GAIN = 1
INTEGRATOR OFF
INTERNAL REFERENCE
1.5
1.0
0.5
+85°C; PF = 0
+25°C; PF = 0
0
–0.5
MID CLASS C
GAIN = 1
INTEGRATOR OFF
INTERNAL REFERENCE
1.0
ERROR (% of Reading)
ERROR (% of Reading)
10
Figure 13. Current RMS Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 1) over
Temperature with Internal Reference, Integrator Off
2.0
1.5
1
CURRENT CHANNEL (% of Full Scale)
07411-130
MID CLASS C
–1.5
0.1
–40°C; PF = 0
–1.0
–40°C; PF = 0.5
0.5
+85°C; PF = 1
+85°C; PF = 0.5
–40°C; PF = 1
0
+25°C; PF = 0.5
–0.5
+25°C; PF = 1
–1.0
–1.5
–1.5
–2.0
0.1
–2.0
0.1
10
100
Figure 11. Reactive Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 1) over
Temperature with Internal Reference, Integrator Off
1
10
CURRENT CHANNEL (% of Full Scale)
100
07411-131
1
CURRENT CHANNEL (% of Full Scale)
07411-128
MID CLASS C
Figure 14. Current RMS Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 1) over
Power Factor with Internal Reference, Integrator Off
Rev. 0 | Page 17 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
0.5
1.5
GAIN = 1
INTEGRATOR OFF
INTERNAL REFERENCE
0.4
1.0
0.2
IRMS; 3.13V
0.1
ERROR (% of Reading)
ERROR (% of Reading)
0.3
VRMS; 3.3V
VRMS; 3.43V
IRMS; 3.3V
0
VRMS; 3.13V
–0.1
IRMS; 3.43V
–0.2
–0.3
GAIN = 8
INTEGRATOR OFF
INTERNAL REFERENCE
MID CLASS C
0.5
PF = +1
0
PF = +0.5
PF = –0.5
–0.5
MID CLASS C
–1.0
1
10
100
CURRENT CHANNEL (% of Full Scale)
Figure 15. Voltage and Current RMS Error as a Percentage of Reading
(Gain = 1) over Power Supply with Internal Reference
1.0
0.6
1.0
0.8
ERROR (% of Reading)
PF = 1
PF = 0.5
0
–0.2
–0.4
MID CLASS B
0.2
PF = 0
PF = +0.866
0
–0.2
PF = –0.866
–0.4
55
60
65
70
–1.0
0.1
Figure 16. Active Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 1) over
Frequency with Internal Reference, Integrator Off
1.5
1.0
ERROR (% of Reading)
0.3
W; 3.13V
0.1
VAR; 3.13V
VAR; 3.43V
0
–0.1
VAR; 3.3V
W; 3.3V
W; 3.43V
–0.2
10
100
Figure 19. Reactive Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 8) over
Power Factor with Internal Reference, Integrator Off
GAIN = 1
INTEGRATOR OFF
INTERNAL REFERENCE
0.2
1
CURRENT CHANNEL (% of Full Scale)
07411-136
50
07411-133
45
LINE FREQUENCY (Hz)
ERROR (% of Reading)
0.4
–0.8
–1.0
40
0.4
GAIN = 8
INTEGRATOR OFF
INTERNAL REFERENCE
–0.6
–0.8
0.5
100
0.6
0.4
–0.6
10
Figure 18. Active Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 8) over
Power Factor with Internal Reference, Integrator Off
MID CLASS B
0.2
1
CURRENT CHANNEL (% of Full Scale)
GAIN = 1
INTEGRATOR OFF
INTERNAL REFERENCE
0.8
ERROR (% of Reading)
–1.5
0.1
07411-132
–0.5
0.1
07411-135
–0.4
–0.3
GAIN = 8
INTEGRATOR OFF
INTERNAL REFERENCE
MID CLASS C
0.5
PF = 1
PF = +0.5
0
PF = –0.5
–0.5
MID CLASS C
–1.0
1
10
CURRENT CHANNEL (% of Full Scale)
100
–1.5
0.1
07411-134
–0.5
0.1
Figure 17. Active and Reactive Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 1)
over Power Supply with Internal Reference, Integrator Off
1
10
CURRENT CHANNEL (% of Full Scale)
100
07411-137
–0.4
Figure 20. Current RMS Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 8) over
Power Factor with Internal Reference, Integrator Off
Rev. 0 | Page 18 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
2.0
1.5
1.0
MID CLASS C
GAIN = 16
INTEGRATOR OFF
INTERNAL REFERENCE
0.8
GAIN = 16
INTEGRATOR OFF
INTERNAL REFERENCE
0.6
+85°C; PF = 0.866
0.5
ERROR (% of Reading)
ERROR (% of Reading)
1.0
+85°C; PF = 1
+25°C; PF = 1
0
–40°C; PF = 1
–0.5
–1.0
+85°C; PF = 0
0.4
–40°C; PF = 0.866
–40°C; PF = 0
0.2
0
+25°C; PF = 0.866
+25°C; PF = 0
–0.2
–0.4
–0.6
–1.5
10
100
CURRENT CHANNEL (% of Full Scale)
–1.0
0.1
07411-138
1
Figure 21. Active Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 16) over
Temperature with Internal Reference, Integrator Off
MID CLASS C
1.5
GAIN = 16
INTEGRATOR OFF
INTERNAL REFERENCE
+85°C; PF = 1
ERROR (% of Reading)
+25°C; PF = 1
–40°C; PF = 0.5
0
–40°C; PF = 1
–0.5
+25°C; PF = 0.5
+85°C; PF = 0.5
–1.0
–1.5
0.5
+85°C; PF = 1
0
–40°C; PF = 1
–0.5
+25°C; PF = 1
–1.0
–1.5
MID CLASS C
10
MID CLASS C
100
CURRENT CHANNEL (% of Full Scale)
–2.0
0.1
Figure 22. Active Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 16) over
Power Factor with Internal Reference, Integrator Off
1.5
GAIN = 16
INTEGRATOR OFF
INTERNAL REFERENCE
1.0
–40°C; PF = 0
+85°C; PF = 0
ERROR (% of Reading)
ERROR (% of Reading)
100
2.0
0.6
0.2
0
+25°C; PF = 0
–0.2
10
Figure 25. Current RMS Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 16) over
Temperature with Internal Reference, Integrator Off
GAIN = 16
INTEGRATOR OFF
INTERNAL REFERENCE
0.4
1
CURRENT CHANNEL (% of Full Scale)
07411-142
1
07411-139
–2.0
0.1
0.8
MID CLASS C
1.0
0.5
1.0
100
2.0
GAIN = 16
INTEGRATOR OFF
INTERNAL REFERENCE
1.0
ERROR (% of Reading)
10
Figure 24. Reactive Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 16) over
Power Factor with Internal Reference, Integrator Off
2.0
1.5
1
CURRENT CHANNEL (% of Full Scale)
07411-141
–0.8
MID CLASS C
–2.0
0.1
–0.4
–0.6
0.5
MID CLASS C
+85°C; PF = 1
+25°C; PF = 0.5
+85°C; PF = 0.5
0
–0.5
–1.0
–40°C; PF = 1
+25°C; PF = 1
–40°C; PF = 0.5
–1.5
–0.8
10
CURRENT CHANNEL (% of Full Scale)
100
–2.0
0.1
07411-140
1
Figure 23. Reactive Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 16) over
Temperature with Internal Reference, Integrator Off
1
10
CURRENT CHANNEL (% of Full Scale)
100
07411-143
MID CLASS C
–1.0
0.1
Figure 26. Current RMS Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 16) over
Power Factor with Internal Reference, Integrator Off
Rev. 0 | Page 19 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
2.0
1.5
1.0
–40°C; PF = 1
0.5
+85°C; PF = 1
+85°C; PF = 0.5
0
–40°C; PF = 0.5
–0.5
+25°C; PF = 1
+25°C; PF = 0.5
–1.0
–1.5
0.5
+85°C; PF = 1
0
–0.5
–1.0
–40°C; PF = 0.5
–40°C; PF = 1
+25°C; PF = 0.5
+25°C; PF = 1
1
10
MID CLASS C
100
CURRENT CHANNEL (% of Full Scale)
Figure 27. Active Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 16) over
Power Factor with Internal Reference, Integrator On
0.4
–40°C; PF = 0
0.2
0
–0.2
+25°C; PF = 0
–40°C; PF = 0.866
+25°C; PF = 0.866
–0.4
–0.6
1
10
CURRENT CHANNEL (% of Full Scale)
100
07411-145
–0.8
–1.0
0.1
10
100
Figure 29. Current RMS Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 16) over
Power Factor with Internal Reference, Integrator On
+85°C; PF = 0.866
+85°C; PF = 0
1
CURRENT CHANNEL (% of Full Scale)
GAIN = 16
INTEGRATOR OFF
INTERNAL REFERENCE
0.6
ERROR (% of Reading)
–2.0
0.1
07411-144
–2.0
0.1
0.8
+85°C; PF = 0.5
–1.5
MID CLASS C
1.0
MID CLASS C
GAIN = 16
INTEGRATOR OFF
INTERNAL REFERENCE
07411-146
ERROR (% of Reading)
1.0
MID CLASS C
ERROR (% of Reading)
1.5
2.0
GAIN = 16
INTEGRATOR OFF
INTERNAL REFERENCE
Figure 28. Reactive Energy Error as a Percentage of Reading (Gain = 16) over
Power Factor with Internal Reference, Integrator On
Rev. 0 | Page 20 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
TERMINOLOGY
Measurement Error
The error associated with the energy measurement made by the
ADE5166/ADE5169 is defined by the following formula:
levels when an ac (100 mV rms/120 Hz) signal is introduced onto
the supplies. Any error introduced by this ac signal is expressed
as a percentage of reading (see the Measurement Error definition).
For the dc PSR measurement, a reading at nominal supplies
(3.3 V) is taken. A second reading is obtained with the same
input signal levels when the supplies are varied ±5%. Any error
introduced is again expressed as a percentage of the reading.
Percentage Errror =
⎛ Energy Register − True Energy ⎞
⎜
⎟ × 100%
⎜
⎟
True Energy
⎝
⎠
Phase Error Between Channels
The digital integrator and the high-pass filter (HPF) in the
current channel have a nonideal phase response. To offset this
phase response and equalize the phase response between
channels, two phase correction networks are placed in the
current channel: one for the digital integrator and the other for
the HPF. The phase correction networks correct the phase
response of the corresponding component and ensure a phase
match between current channel and voltage channel to within
±0.1° over a range of 45 Hz to 65 Hz with the digital integrator
off. With the digital integrator on, the phase is corrected to
within ±0.4° over a range of 45 Hz to 65 Hz.
Power Supply Rejection (PSR)
PSR quantifies the ADE5166/ADE5169 measurement error as a
percentage of reading when the power supplies are varied. For
the ac PSR measurement, a reading at nominal supplies (3.3 V)
is taken. A second reading is obtained with the same input signal
ADC Offset Error
ADC offset error is the dc offset associated with the analog
inputs to the ADCs. It means that, with the analog inputs
connected to AGND, the ADCs still see a dc analog input
signal. The magnitude of the offset depends on the gain and
input range selection. However, when HPF1 is switched on,
the offset is removed from the current channel, and the power
calculation is not affected by this offset. The offsets can be
removed by performing an offset calibration (see the Analog
Inputs section).
Gain Error
Gain error is the difference between the measured ADC output
code (minus the offset) and the ideal output code (see the
Current Channel ADC section and the Voltage Channel ADC
section). It is measured for each of the gain settings on the
current channel (1, 2, 4, 8, and 16). The difference is expressed
as a percentage of the ideal code.
Rev. 0 | Page 21 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER (SFR) MAPPING
Table 14. SFR Mapping
Mnemonic
INTPR
Address
0xFF
SCRATCH4
SCRATCH3
SCRATCH2
SCRATCH1
BATVTH
0xFE
0xFD
0xFC
0xFB
0xFA
STRBPER
0xF9
IPSMF
0xF8
TEMPCAL
0xF7
RTCCOMP
0xF6
BATPR
0xF5
PERIPH
0xF4
DIFFPROG
0xF3
B
VDCINADC
SBAUD2
0xF0
0xEF
0xEE
LCDSEGE2
IPSME
0xED
0xEC
SBUF2
SPISTAT
SPI2CSTAT
SPIMOD2
I2CADR
SPIMOD1
I2CMOD
WAV2H
WAV2M
0xEB
0xEA
0xEA
0xE9
0xE9
0xE8
0xE8
0xE7
0xE6
WAV2L
WAV1H
WAV1M
0xE5
0xE4
0xE3
WAV1L
SCON2
0xE2
0xE1
ACC
BATADC
MIRQSTH
MIRQSTM
MIRQSTL
MIRQENH
MIRQENM
0xE0
0xDF
0xDE
0xDD
0xDC
0xDB
0xDA
Description
Interrupt pins configuration SFR (see
Table 16).
Scratch Pad 4 (see Table 24).
Scratch Pad 3 (see Table 23).
Scratch Pad 2 (see Table 22).
Scratch Pad 1 (see Table 21).
Battery detection threshold (see
Table 52).
Peripheral ADC strobe period (see
Table 49).
Power management interrupt flag (see
Table 17).
RTC temperature compensation (see
Table 132).
RTC nominal compensation (see
Table 131).
Battery switchover configuration (see
Table 18).
Peripheral configuration (see Table 19).
Temperature and supply delta (see
Table 50).
Auxiliary math (see Table 56).
VDCIN ADC value (see Table 53).
Enhanced Serial Baud Rate Control 2
(see Table 148).
LCD Segment Enable 2 (see Table 100).
Power management interrupt enable
(see Table 20).
Serial Port 2 buffer (see Table 147).
SPI interrupt status (see Table 155).
I2C interrupt status (see Table 159).
SPI Configuration SFR 2 (see Table 154).
I2C slave address (see Table 158).
SPI Configuration SFR 1 (see Table 153).
I2C mode (see Table 157).
Selection 2 sample MSB (see Table 30).
Selection 2 sample middle byte (see
Table 30).
Selection 2 sample LSB (see Table 30).
Selection 1 sample MSB (see Table 30).
Selection 1 sample middle byte (see
Table 30).
Selection 1 sample LSB (see Table 30).
Serial communications control (see
Table 146).
Accumulator (see Table 56).
Battery ADC value (see Table 54).
Interrupt Status 3 (see Table 42).
Interrupt Status 2 (see Table 41).
Interrupt Status 1 (see Table 40).
Interrupt Enable 3 (see Table 45).
Interrupt Enable 2 (see Table 44).
Mnemonic
MIRQENL
ADCGO
TEMPADC
IRMSH
IRMSM
Address
0xD9
0xD8
0xD7
0xD6
0xD5
IRMSL
VRMSH
VRMSM
0xD4
0xD3
0xD2
VRMSL
PSW
TH2
TL2
RCAP2H
0xD1
0xD0
0xCD
0xCC
0xCB
RCAP2L
0xCA
T2CON
EADRH
EADRL
POWCON
KYREG
WDCON
STCON
EDATA
PROTKY
FLSHKY
ECON
IP
SPH
PINMAP2
0xC8
0xC7
0xC6
0xC5
0xC1
0xC0
0xBF
0xBC
0xBB
0xBA
0xB9
0xB8
0xB7
0xB4
PINMAP1
0xB3
PINMAP0
0xB2
LCDCONY
CFG
LCDDAT
LCDPTR
IEIP2
0xB1
0xAF
0xAE
0xAC
0xA9
IE
DPCON
RTCDAT
RTCPTR
TIMECON2
TIMECON
P2
EPCFG
0xA8
0xA7
0xA4
0xA3
0xA2
0xA1
0xA0
0x9F
Rev. 0 | Page 22 of 148
Description
Interrupt Enable 1 (see Table 43).
Start ADC measurement (see Table 51).
Temperature ADC value (see Table 55).
Irms measurement MSB (see Table 30).
Irms measurement middle byte (see
Table 30).
Irms measurement LSB (see Table 30).
Vrms measurement MSB (see Table 30).
Vrms measurement middle byte (see
Table 30).
Vrms measurement LSB (see Table 30).
Program status word (see Table 57).
Timer 2 high byte (see Table 119).
Timer 2 low byte (see Table 120).
Timer 2 reload/capture high byte (see
Table 121).
Timer 2 reload/capture low byte (see
Table 122).
Timer/Counter 2 control (see Table 114).
Flash high byte address (see Table 109).
Flash low byte address (see Table 108).
Power control (see Table 25).
Key (see Table 125).
Watchdog timer (see Table 87).
Stack boundary (see Table 64).
Flash data (see Table 107).
Flash protection key (see Table 106).
Flash key (see Table 105).
Flash control (see Table 104).
Interrupt priority (see Table 81).
Stack pointer high (see Table 63).
Port 2 weak pull-up enable (see
Table 164).
Port 1 weak pull-up enable (see
Table 163).
Port 0 weak pull-up enable (see
Table 162).
LCD Configuration Y (see Table 93).
Configuration (see Table 65).
LCD data (see Table 99).
LCD pointer (see Table 98).
Interrupt enable and Priority 2 (see
Table 82).
Interrupt enable (see Table 80).
Data pointer control (see Table 78).
RTC pointer data (see Table 130).
RTC pointer address (see Table 129).
RTC Configuration 2 (see Table 128).
RTC configuration (see Table 127).
Port 2 (see Table 167).
Extended port configuration (see
Table 161).
ADE5166/ADE5169
Mnemonic
SBAUDT
Address
0x9E
SBAUDF
0x9D
LCDCONX
SPI2CRx
SPI2CTx
SBUF
SCON
0x9C
0x9B
0x9A
0x99
0x98
LCDSEGE
LCDCLK
LCDCON
MDATH
0x97
0x96
0x95
0x94
MDATM
0x93
MDATL
0x92
Description
Enhanced serial baud rate control (see
Table 142).
UART timer fractional divider (see
Table 143).
LCD Configuration X (see Table 91).
SPI/I2C receive buffer (see Table 152).
SPI/I2C transmit buffer (see Table 151).
Serial port buffer (see Table 141).
Serial communications control (see
Table 140).
LCD segment enable (see Table 97).
LCD clock (see Table 94).
LCD configuration (see Table 90).
Energy measurement pointer data MSB
(see Table 30).
Energy measurement pointer data
middle byte (see Table 30).
Energy measurement pointer data LSB
(see Table 30).
Mnemonic
MADDPT
Address
0x91
P1
TH1
TH0
TL1
TL0
TMOD
0x90
0x8D
0x8C
0x8B
0x8A
0x89
TCON
0x88
PCON
DPH
DPL
SP
P0
0x87
0x83
0x82
0x81
0x80
Rev. 0 | Page 23 of 148
Description
Energy measurement pointer address
(see Table 29).
Port 1 (see Table 166).
Timer 1 high byte (see Table 117).
Timer 0 high byte (see Table 115).
Timer 1 low byte (see Table 118).
Timer 0 low byte (see Table 116).
Timer/Counter 0 and Timer/Counter 1
mode (see Table 112).
Timer/Counter 0 and Timer/Counter 1
control (see Table 113).
Program control (see Table 58).
Data pointer high (see Table 60).
Data pointer low (see Table 59).
Stack pointer (see Table 62).
Port 0 (see Table 165).
ADE5166/ADE5169
POWER MANAGEMENT
The ADE5166/ADE5169 have elaborate power management
circuitry that manages the regular power supply to battery
switchover and power supply failures.
The power management functionalities can be accessed directly
through the 8052 SFRs (see Table 15).
Table 15. Power Management SFRs
SFR Address
0xEC
0xF5
0xF8
0xFF
0xF4
0xC5
0xFB
0xFC
0xFD
0xFE
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Mnemonic
IPSME
BATPR
IPSMF
INTPR
PERIPH
POWCON
SCRATCH1
SCRATCH2
SCRATCH3
SCRATCH4
Description
Power management interrupt enable (see Table 20).
Battery switchover configuration (see Table 18).
Power management interrupt flag (see Table 17).
Interrupt pins configuration (see Table 16).
Peripheral configuration (see Table 19).
Power control (see Table 25).
Scratch Pad 1 (see Table 21).
Scratch Pad 2 (see Table 22).
Scratch Pad 3 (see Table 23).
Scratch Pad 4 (see Table 24).
POWER MANAGEMENT REGISTER DETAILS
Table 16. Interrupt Pins Configuration SFR (INTPR, Address 0xFF)
Bit
7
Mnemonic
RTCCAL
Default
0
[6:5]
FSEL
00
4
[3:1]
Reserved
INT1PRG
N/A
000
Description
Controls RTC calibration output. When set, the RTC calibration frequency selected by FSEL[1:0] is
output on the P0.2/CF1/RTCCAL pin.
Sets RTC calibration output frequency and calibration window.
FSEL
Result (Calibration Window, Frequency)
00
30.5 sec, 1 Hz
01
30.5 sec, 512 Hz
10
0.244 sec, 500 Hz
11
0.244 sec, 16 kHz
Controls the function of INT1.
INT1PRG
X00
X01
01X
11X
0
INT0PRG
0
Result
GPIO enabled
BCTRL enabled
INT1 input disabled
INT1 input enabled
Controls the function of INT0.
INT0PRG
0
1
Result
INT0 input disabled
INT0 input enabled
Writing to the Interrupt Pins Configuration SFR (INTPR, Address 0xFF)
To protect the RTC from runaway code, a key must be written to the key SFR (KYREG, Address 0xC1) to obtain write access to INTPR.
KYREG (see Table 125) should be set to 0xEA to unlock this SFR and reset to 0 after a timekeeping register is written to. The RTC registers
can be written using the following 8052 assembly code:
MOV
KYREG, #0EAh
MOV
INTPR, #080h
Rev. 0 | Page 24 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 17. Power Management Interrupt Flag SFR (IPSMF, Address 0xF8)
Bit
7
Bit Address
0xFF
Mnemonic
FPSR
Default
0
6
5
4
3
0xFE
0xFD
0xFC
0xFB
FPSM
FSAG
Reserved
FVADC
0
0
0
0
2
0xFA
FBAT
0
1
0
0xF9
0xF8
FBSO
FVDCIN
0
0
Description
Power supply restored interrupt flag. Set when the VDD power supply has been restored.
This occurs when the source of VSWOUT changes from VBAT to VDD.
PSM interrupt flag. Set when an enabled PSM interrupt condition occurs.
Voltage SAG interrupt flag. Set when an ADE energy measurement SAG condition occurs.
This bit must be kept at 0 for proper operation.
VDCINADC monitor interrupt flag. Set when VDCIN changes by VDCIN_DIFF or when VDCIN
measurement is ready.
VBAT monitor interrupt flag. Set when VBAT falls below BATVTH or when VBAT measurement is
ready.
Battery switchover interrupt flag. Set when VSWOUT switches from VDD to VBAT.
VDCIN monitor interrupt flag. Set when VDCIN falls below 1.2 V.
Table 18. Battery Switchover Configuration SFR (BATPR, Address 0xF5)
Bit
[7:2]
[1:0]
Mnemonic
Reserved
BATPRG
Default
0
0
Description
These bits must be kept at 0 for proper operation.
Control bits for battery switchover.
BATPRG
Result
00
Battery switchover enabled on low VDD
01
Battery switchover enabled on low VDD and low VDCIN
1X
Battery switchover disabled
Table 19. Peripheral Configuration SFR (PERIPH, Address 0xF4)
Bit
7
6
5
4
Mnemonic
RX2FLAG
VSWSOURCE
VDD_OK
PLL_FLT
Default
0
1
1
0
3
REF_BAT_EN
0
2
[1:0]
Reserved
RXPROG
0
0
Description
If set, indicates that an RxD2 edge event triggered wake-up from PSM2.
Indicates the power supply that is internally connected to VSWOUT (0 VSWOUT = VBAT, 1 VSWOUT = VDD).
If set, indicates that VDD power supply is ready for operation.
If set, indicates that a PLL fault occurred where the PLL lost lock. Set the PLLACK bit (see Table 51) in
the start ADC measurement SFR (ADCGO, Address 0xD8) to acknowledge the fault and clear the
PLL_FLT bit.
Set this bit to enable internal voltage reference in PSM2 mode. This bit should be set if LCD is on in
PSM1 and PSM2 mode.
This bit must be kept at 0 for proper operation.
Controls the function of the P0.7/SS/T1/RxD2 pin.
RXPROG
00
01
11
Result
GPIO
RxD2 with wake-up disabled
RxD2 with wake-up enabled
Table 20. Power Management Interrupt Enable SFR (IPSME, Address 0xEC)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Mnemonic
EPSR
Reserved
ESAG
Reserved
EVADC
EBAT
EBSO
EVDCIN
Default
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Description
Enables a PSM interrupt when the power supply restored interrupt flag (FPSR) is set.
Reserved.
Enables a PSM interrupt when the voltage SAG interrupt flag (FSAG) is set.
This bit must be kept at 0 for proper operation.
Enables a PSM interrupt when the VDCINADC monitor interrupt flag (FVADC) is set.
Enables a PSM interrupt when the VBAT monitor interrupt flag (FBAT) is set.
Enables a PSM interrupt when the battery switchover interrupt flag (FBSO) is set.
Enables a PSM interrupt when the VDCIN monitor interrupt flag (FVDCIN) is set.
Table 21. Scratch Pad 1 SFR (SCRATCH1, Address 0xFB)
Bit
7 to 0
Mnemonic
SCRATCH1
Default
0
Description
Value can be written/read in this register. This value is maintained in all the power saving modes.
Rev. 0 | Page 25 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 22. Scratch Pad 2 SFR (SCRATCH2, Address 0xFC)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
SCRATCH2
Default
0
Description
Value can be written/read in this register. This value is maintained in all the power saving modes.
Table 23. Scratch Pad 3 SFR (SCRATCH3, Address 0xFD)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
SCRATCH3
Default
0
Description
Value can be written/read in this register. This value is maintained in all the power saving modes.
Table 24. Scratch Pad 4 SFR (SCRATCH4, Address 0xFE)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
SCRATCH4
Default
0
Description
Value can be written/read in this register. This value is maintained in all the power saving modes.
Clearing the Scratch Pad Registers (SCRATCH1, Address 0xFB to SCRATCH4, Address 0xFE)
Note that these scratch pad registers are cleared only when the part loses VDD and VBAT.
Table 25. Power Control SFR (POWCON, Address 0xC5)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
[2:0]
Mnemonic
Reserved
METER_OF
F
Reserved
COREOFF
Reserved
CD
Default
1
0
0
0
0
010
Description
Reserved.
Set this bit to turn off the modulators and energy metering DSP circuitry to reduce power if metering
functions are not needed in PSM0.
This bit should be kept at 0 for proper operation.
Set this bit to shut down the core and enter PSM2 mode if in the PSM1 operating mode.
Reserved.
Controls the core clock frequency, fCORE. fCORE = 4.096 MHz/2CD.
CD
Result (fCORE in MHz)
000
4.096
001
2.048
010
1.024
011
0.512
100
0.256
101
0.128
110
0.064
111
0.032
Writing to the Power Control SFR (POWCON, Address 0xC5)
Writing data to the POWCON SFR involves writing 0xA7 into the key SFR (KYREG, Address 0xC1), which is described in Table 125,
followed by a write to the POWCON SFR. For example,
MOV KYREG,#0A7h
;Write KYREG to 0xA7 to get write access to the POWCON SFR
MOV POWCON,#10h
;Shutdown the core
Rev. 0 | Page 26 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
POWER SUPPLY ARCHITECTURE
The ADE5166/ADE5169 have two power supply inputs, VDD and
VBAT, and they require only a single 3.3 V power supply at VDD for
full operation. A battery backup, or secondary power supply, with
a maximum of 3.7 V can be connected to the VBAT input. Internally,
the ADE5166/ADE5169 connect VDD or VBAT to VSWOUT, which is
used to derive power for the ADE5166/ADE5169 circuitry. The
VSWOUT output pin reflects the voltage at the internal power supply
(VSWOUT) and has a maximum output current of 6 mA. This pin
can also be used to power a limited number of peripheral components. The 2.5 V analog supply (VINTA) and the 2.5 V supply for
the core logic (VINTD) are derived by on-chip linear regulators from
VSWOUT. Figure 30 shows the ADE5166/ADE5169 power supply
architecture.
The ADE5166/ADE5169 provide automatic battery switchover
between VDD and VBAT based on the voltage level detected at VDD
or VDCIN. In addition, the BCTRL input can be used to trigger a
battery switchover. The conditions for switching VSWOUT from VDD
to VBAT and back to VDD are described in the Battery Switchover
section. VDCIN is an input pin that can be connected to a 0 V to
3.3 V dc signal. This input is intended for power supply supervisory purposes and does not provide power to the ADE5166/
ADE5169 circuitry (see the Battery Switchover section).
VDCIN VDD
VBAT
LDO
POWER SUPPLY
MANAGEMENT
Power supply management (PSM) interrupts can be enabled to
indicate when battery switchover occurs and when the VDD
power supply is restored (see the Power Supply Management
(PSM) Interrupt section.)
VDD to VBAT
The following three events switch the internal power supply
(VSWOUT) from VDD to VBAT:
•
•
•
VSWOUT
ADC
BCTRL
is above 2.75 V. It allows continuous code execution even while
the internal power supply is switching from VDD to VBAT and back.
Note that the energy metering ADCs are not available when
VBAT is being used for VSWOUT.
VSW
LDO
VINTD
VINTA
MCU
Switching from VBAT to VDD
To switch VSWOUT from VBAT to VDD, all of the following events
must be true:
ADE
•
ADC
SPI/I2C
SCRATCH PAD
LCD
•
RTC
3.3V
2.5V
07411-011
UART
TEMPERATURE ADC
VDCIN < 1.2 V. When VDCIN falls below 1.2 V, VSWOUT switches
from VDD to VBAT. This event is enabled when the
BATPRG[1:0] bits in the battery switchover configuration
SFR (BATPR, Address 0xF5) = 0b01.
VDD < 2.75 V. When VDD falls below 2.75 V, VSWOUT switches
from VDD to VBAT. This event is enabled when BATPRG[1:0] in
the BATPR SFR are cleared.
Falling edge on BCTRL. When the battery control pin,
BCTRL, goes low, VSWOUT switches from VDD to VBAT. This
external switchover signal can trigger a switchover to VBAT
at any time. Setting the INT1PRG bits to 0bx01 in the interrupt pins configuration SFR (INTPR, Address 0xFF) enables
the battery control pin (see Table 16).
Figure 30. Power Supply Architecture
•
BATTERY SWITCHOVER
The ADE5166/ADE5169 monitor VDD, VBAT, and VDCIN. Automatic battery switchover from VDD to VBAT can be configured
based on the status of the VDD, the VDCIN, or the BCTRL pin. Battery
switchover is enabled by default. Setting Bit 1 in the battery
switchover configuration SFR (BATPR, Address 0xF5) disables
battery switchover so that VDD is always connected to VSWOUT (see
Table 18). The source of VSWOUT is indicated by Bit 6 in the
peripheral configuration SFR (PERIPH, Address 0xF4), which is
described in Table 19. Bit 6 is set when VSWOUT is connected to
VDD and cleared when VSWOUT is connected to VBAT.
The battery switchover functionality provided by the ADE5166/
ADE5169 allows a seamless transition from VDD to VBAT. An automatic battery switchover option ensures a stable power supply to
the ADE5166/ADE5169, as long as the external battery voltage
VDD > 2.75 V. VSWOUT switches back to VDD after VDD remains
above 2.75 V.
VDCIN > 1.2 V and VDD > 2.75 V. If the low VDCIN condition
is enabled, VSWOUT switches to VDD after VDCIN remains
above 1.2 V and VDD remains above 2.75 V.
Rising edge on BCTRL. If the battery control pin is enabled,
VSWOUT switches back to VDD after BCTRL is high, and the
first or second bullet point is satisfied.
POWER SUPPLY MANAGEMENT (PSM) INTERRUPT
The power supply management (PSM) interrupt alerts the 8052
core of power supply events. The PSM interrupt is disabled by
default. Setting the EPSM bit in the interrupt enable and Priority 2
SFR (IEIP2, Address 0xA9) enables the PSM interrupt (see
Table 82).
The power management interrupt enable SFR (IPSME,
Address 0xEC) controls the events that result in a PSM interrupt
(see Table 20).
Figure 31 illustrates how the PSM interrupt vector is shared among
the PSM interrupt sources. The PSM interrupt flags are latched
and must be cleared by writing to the IPSMF power management
interrupt flag SFR, Address 0xF8 (see Table 17).
Rev. 0 | Page 27 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
EPSR
FPSR
ESAG
FSAG
EVADC
FVADC
FPSM
TRUE?
EPSM
PENDING PSM
INTERRUPT
EBAT
FBAT
EBSO
FBSO
EVDCIN
FVDCIN
EPSR
RESERVED
ESAG
RESERVED
EVADC
EBAT
EBSO
EVDCIN
IPSMF ADDR. 0xF8
FPSR
FPSM
FSAG
RESERVED
FVADC
FBAT
FBSO
FVDCIN
IEIP2 ADDR. 0xA9
PS2
PTI
ES2
PSI
EADE
ETI
EPSM
ESI
07411-012
IPSME ADDR. 0xEC
NOT INVOLVED IN PSM INTERRUPT SIGNAL CHAIN
Figure 31. Power Supply Management Interrupt Sources
Battery Switchover and Power Supply Restored
PSM Interrupt
The ADE5166/ADE5169 can be configured to generate a PSM
interrupt when the source of VSWOUT changes from VDD to VBAT,
indicating battery switchover. Setting the EBSO bit in the power
management interrupt enable SFR (IPSME, Address 0xEC) enables
this event to generate a PSM interrupt (see Table 20).
The ADE5166/ADE5169 can also be configured to generate an
interrupt when the source of VSWOUT changes from VBAT to VDD,
indicating that the VDD power supply has been restored. Setting
the EPSR bit in the power management interrupt enable SFR
(IPSME, Address 0xEC) enables this event to generate a PSM
interrupt.
The flags in the IPSMF SFR for these interrupts, FBSO and
FPSR, are set regardless of whether the respective enable bits
have been set. The battery switchover and power supply restore
event flags, FBSO and FPSR, are latched. These events must be
cleared by writing a 0 to these bits. Bit 6 in the peripheral configuration SFR (PERIPH, Address 0xF4), VSWSOURCE, tracks
the source of VSWOUT. The bit is set when VSWOUT is connected to
VDD and cleared when VSWOUT is connected to VBAT.
VDCIN ADC PSM Interrupt
The ADE5166/ADE5169 can be configured to generate a PSM
interrupt when VDCIN changes magnitude by more than a configurable threshold. This threshold is set in the temperature and
supply delta SFR (DIFFPROG, Address 0xF3), which is described
in Table 50. See the External Voltage Measurement section for
more information. Setting the EVADC bit in the power management interrupt enable SFR (IPSME, Address 0xEC) enables this
event to generate a PSM interrupt.
The VDCIN voltage is measured using a dedicated ADC. These
measurements take place in the background at intervals to check
the change in VDCIN. Conversions can also be initiated by writing to
the start ADC measurement SFR (ADCGO, Address 0xD8), as
described in Table 51. The FVADC flag indicates when a VDCIN
measurement is ready. See the External Voltage Measurement
section for details on how VDCIN is measured.
VBAT Monitor PSM Interrupt
The VBAT voltage is measured using a dedicated ADC. These
measurements take place in the background at intervals to check
the change in VBAT. The FBAT bit is set when the battery level is
lower than the threshold set in the battery detection threshold
SFR (BATVTH, Address 0xFA), described in Table 52; or when a
new measurement is ready in the battery ADC value SFR
(BATADC, Address 0xDF), described in Table 54. See the
Battery Measurement section for more information. Setting the
EBAT bit in the power management interrupt enable SFR (IPSME,
Address 0xEC) enables this event to generate a PSM interrupt.
VDCIN Monitor PSM Interrupt
The VDCIN voltage is monitored by a comparator. The FVDCIN
bit in the power management interrupt flag SFR (IPSMF,
Address 0xF8) is set when the VDCIN input level is lower than 1.2 V.
Setting the EVDCIN bit in the IPSME SFR enables this event to
generate a PSM interrupt. This event, which is associated with
the SAG monitoring, can be used to detect that a power supply
(VDD) is compromised and to trigger further actions prior to
initiating a switch from VDD to VBAT.
Rev. 0 | Page 28 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
SAG Monitor PSM Interrupt
Figure 32 shows how the ADE5166/ADE5169 power supply
inputs are set up in this application.
The ADE5166/ADE5169 energy measurement DSP monitors
the ac voltage input at the VP and VN input pins. The SAGLVL
register (Address 0x14) is used to set the threshold for a line
voltage SAG event. The FSAG bit in the power management
interrupt flag SFR (IPSMF, Address 0xF8) is set if the line voltage
stays below the level set in the SAGLVL register for the number
of line cycles set in the SAGCYC register (Address 0x13). See
the Line Voltage SAG Detection section for more information.
Setting the ESAG bit in the power management interrupt enable
SFR (IPSME, Address 0xEC) enables this event to generate a
PSM interrupt.
Figure 33 shows the sequence of events that occurs if the main
power supply generated by the PSU starts to fail in the power
meter application shown in Figure 32. The SAG detection can
provide the earliest warning of a potential problem on VDD.
When a SAG event occurs, user code can be configured to back
up data and prepare for battery switchover, if desired. The relative spacing of these interrupts depends on the design of the
power supply.
Figure 34 shows the sequence of events that occurs if the main
power supply starts to fail in the power meter application shown
in Figure 32, with battery switchover on low VDCIN or low VDD
enabled.
USING THE POWER SUPPLY FEATURES
In an energy meter application, the 3.3 V power supply (VDD)
is typically generated from the ac line voltage and regulated to
3.3 V by a voltage regulator IC. The preregulated dc voltage,
typically 5 V to 12 V, can be connected to VDCIN through a
resistor divider. A 3.6 V battery can be connected to VBAT.
Finally, the transition between VDD and VBAT and the different
power supply modes (see the Operating Modes section) are
represented in Figure 35 and Figure 36.
BCTRL 45
(240V, 220V, 110V TYPICAL)
AC INPUT
VP
49
SAG
DETECTION
VN
50
5V TO 12V DC
VDCIN
64
VOLTAGE
SUPERVISORY
VOLTAGE
SUPERVISORY
PSU
POWER SUPPLY
MANAGEMENT
IPSMF SFR
(ADDR. 0xF8)
VDD
3.3V
REGULATOR
60
VSW
VBAT 58
07411-013
VSWOUT 61
Figure 32. Power Supply Management for Energy Meter Application
Table 26. Power Supply Event Timing Operating Modes
Parameter
t1
t2
t3
Time
10 ns min
10 ns min
30 ms typ
t4
130 ms typ
Description
Time between when VDCIN goes below 1.2 V and when FVDCIN is raised.
Time between when VDD falls below 2.75 V and when battery switchover occurs.
Time between when VDCIN falls below 1.2 V and when battery switchover occurs if VDCIN is enabled to cause
battery switchover.
Time between when power supply restore conditions are met (VDCIN above 1.2 V and VDD above 2.75 V if
BATPR[1:0] = 0b01 or VDD above 2.75 V if BATPR[1:0] = 0b00) and when VSWOUT switches to VDD.
Rev. 0 | Page 29 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
VP – VN
SAG LEVEL TRIP POINT
SAGCYC = 1
VDCIN
1.2V
t1
VDD
2.75V
t2
VDCIN EVENT
(FVDCIN = 1)
IF SWITCHOVER ON LOW VDD IS ENABLED,
AUTOMATIC BATTERY SWITCHOVER OCCURS.
VSWOUT IS CONNECTED TO VBAT .
BSO EVENT
(FBSO = 1)
07411-014
SAG EVENT
(FSAG = 1)
Figure 33. Power Supply Management Interrupts and Battery Switchover with Only VDD Enabled for Battery Switchover
VP – VN
SAG LEVEL TRIP POINT
SAGCYC = 1
VDCIN
1.2V
t3
t1
VDD
2.75V
VDCIN EVENT
(FVDCIN = 1)
IF SWITCHOVER ON LOW VDCIN IS
ENABLED, AUTOMATIC BATTERY
SWITCHOVER OCCURS. VSWOUT
IS CONNECTED TO VBAT .
BSO EVENT
(FBSO = 1)
Figure 34. Power Supply Management Interrupts and Battery Switchover with VDD or VDCIN Enabled for Battery Switchover
Rev. 0 | Page 30 of 148
07411-015
SAG EVENT
(FSAG = 1)
ADE5166/ADE5169
VP − VN
SAG LEVEL
TRIP POINT
VDCIN
SAG EVENT
VDCIN EVENT
VDCIN EVENT
1.2V
30ms MIN.
130ms MIN.
VBAT
VDD
2.75V
PSM0
VSW
BATTERY SWITCH
ENABLED ON
LOW VDD
PSM0
PSM1 OR PSM2
PSM0
PSM0
PSM1 OR PSM2
Figure 35. Power Supply Management Transitions Between Modes
Rev. 0 | Page 31 of 148
07411-016
VSW
BATTERY SWITCH
ENABLED ON
LOW VDCIN
ADE5166/ADE5169
OPERATING MODES
PSM0 (NORMAL MODE)
In PSM0, or normal operating mode, VSWOUT is connected to VDD.
All of the analog circuitry and digital circuitry powered by
VINTD and VINTA are enabled by default. In normal mode, the
default clock frequency, fCORE, which is established during a
power-on reset or software reset, is 1.024 MHz.
PSM1 (BATTERY MODE)
In PSM1, or battery mode, VSWOUT is connected to VBAT. In this
operating mode, the 8052 core and all of the digital circuitry are
enabled by default. The analog circuitry for the ADE energy
metering DSP powered by VINTA is disabled. This analog circuitry
automatically restarts, and the switch to the VDD power supply
occurs when the VDD supply is >2.75 V and the PWRDN bit in
the MODE1 register (Address 0x0B) is cleared (see Table 32). The
default fCORE for PSM1, established during a power-on reset or
software reset, is 1.024 MHz.
PSM2 (SLEEP MODE)
PSM2 is a low power consumption sleep mode for use in battery
operation. In this mode, VSWOUT is connected to VBAT. All of the
2.5 V digital and analog circuitry powered through VINTA and VINTD
isdisabled, including the MCU core, resulting in the following:
•
•
The RAM in the MCU is no longer valid.
The program counter for the 8052, also held in volatile
memory, becomes invalid when the 2.5 V supply is shut
down. Therefore, the program does not resume from where
it left off but always starts from the power-on reset vector
when the ADE5166/ADE5169 exit PSM2.
The 3.3 V peripherals (temperature ADC, VDCIN ADC, RTC,
and LCD) are active in PSM2. They can be enabled or disabled
to reduce power consumption and are configured for PSM2
operation when the MCU core is active (see Table 28 for more
information about the individual peripherals and their PSM2
configuration). The ADE5166/ADE5169 remain in PSM2 until
an event occurs to wake them up.
In PSM2, the ADE5166/ADE5169 provide four scratch pad
RAM SFRs that are maintained during this mode. These SFRs
can be used to save data from PSM0 or PSM1 mode when
entering PSM2 mode (see Table 21 to Table 24).
In PSM2 mode, the ADE5166/ADE5169 maintain some SFRs
(see Table 27). The SFRs that are not listed in this table should
be restored when the part enters PSM0 or PSM1 mode from
PSM2 mode.
Table 27. SFRs Maintained in PSM2
I/O Configuration
Interrupt pins configuration SFR
(INTPR, Address 0xFF); see
Table 16.
Peripheral configuration SFR
(PERIPH, Address 0xF4); see
Table 19.
Port 0 weak pull-up enable SFR
(PINMAP0, Address 0xB2); see
Table 162.
Port 1 weak pull-up enable SFR
(PINMAP1, Address 0xB3); see
Table 163.
Port 2 weak pull-up enable SFR
(PINMAP2, Address 0xB4); see
Table 164.
Scratch Pad 1 SFR (SCRATCH1,
Address 0xFB); see Table 21.
Power Supply Management
Battery detection threshold SFR
(BATVTH, Address 0xFA); see
Table 52.
Battery switchover configuration
SFR (BATPR, Address 0xF5); see
Table 18.
Battery ADC value SFR (BATADC,
Address 0xDF); see Table 54.
RTC Peripherals
RTC nominal compensation SFR
(RTCCOMP, Address 0xF6); see Table 131.
Peripheral ADC strobe period SFR
(STRBPER, Address 0xF9); see
Table 49.
Temperature and supply delta
SFR (DIFFPROG, Address 0xF3);
see Table 50.
VDCIN ADC value SFR (VDCINADC,
Address 0xEF); see Table 53.
RTC Configuration 2 SFR (TIMECON2,
Address 0xA2); see Table 128.
Scratch Pad 2 SFR (SCRATCH2,
Address 0xFC); see Table 22.
Temperature ADC value SFR
(TEMPADC, Address 0xD7); see
Table 55.
RTC temperature compensation SFR
(TEMPCAL, Address 0xF7); see Table 132.
RTC configuration SFR (TIMECON, Address
0xA1); see Table 127.
All indirectly accessible registers defined
in the RTC register list; see Table 134.
Scratch Pad 3 SFR (SCRATCH3,
Address 0xFD); see Table 23.
Scratch Pad 4 SFR (SCRATCH4,
Address 0xFE); see Table 24.
LCD Peripherals
LCD Segment Enable 2 SFR
(LCDSEGE2, Address 0xED); see
Table 100.
LCD Configuration Y SFR
(LCDCONY, Address 0xB1); see
Table 93.
LCD Configuration X SFR
(LCDCONX, Address 0x9C); see
Table 91.
LCD configuration SFR
(LCDCON, Address 0x95); see
Table 90.
LCD clock SFR (LCDCLK,
Address 0x96); see Table 94.
LCD segment enable SFR
(LCDSEGE, Address 0x97); see
Table 97.
LCD Pointer SFR (LCDPTR,
Address 0xAC); see Table 98.
LCD data SFR (LCDDAT,
Address 0xAE); see Table 99.
Rev. 0 | Page 32 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
3.3 V PERIPHERALS AND WAKE-UP EVENTS
Some of the 3.3 V peripherals are capable of waking the ADE5166/
ADE5169 from PSM2 mode. The events that can cause the
ADE5166/ADE5169 to wake up from PSM2 mode are listed
in the Wake-Up Event column in Table 28. The interrupt flag
associated with these events must be cleared prior to executing
instructions that put the ADE5166/ADE5169 in PSM2 mode
after wake-up.
Table 28. 3.3 V Peripherals and Wake-Up Events
3.3 V
Peripheral
Temperature
ADC
Wake-Up
Event
∆T
Wake-Up
Enable Bits
Maskable
Flag
Interrupt
Vector
VDCIN ADC
ΔV
Maskable
FVADC
IPSM
Power Supply
Management
PSR
Nonmaskable
PSR
IPSM
RTC
Interval
Maskable
ITFLAG
IRTC
Alarm
Maskable
Alarm
IRTC
INT0
INT0PRG = 1
IE0
INT1
INT1PRG = 11x
IE1
Rx2 Edge
RXPROG[1:0] = 11
RESET
Nonmaskable
I/O Ports 1
External Reset
LCD
Scratch Pad
1
PERIPH[7]
(RX2FG)
Comments
The temperature ADC can wake up the ADE5166/ADE5169.
A pending interrupt is generated according to the description
in the Temperature Measurement section. This wake-up event
can be disabled by disabling temperature measurements in the
temperature and supply delta SFR (DIFFPROG, Address 0xF3)
in PSM2 mode. The temperature interrupt needs to be
serviced and acknowledged prior to entering PSM2 mode.
The VDCIN measurement can wake up the ADE5166/ADE5169.
FVADC is set according to the description in the External
Voltage Measurement section. This wake-up event can be
disabled by clearing EVADC in the power management
interrupt enable SFR (IPSME, Address 0xEC); see Table 20. The
FVADC flag needs to be cleared prior to entering PSM2 mode.
The ADE5166/ADE5169 wake up if the power supply is restored
(if VSWOUT switches to be connected to VDD). The VSWSOURCE
flag, Bit 6 of the peripheral configuration SFR (PERIPH,
Address 0xF4), is set to indicate that VSWOUT is connected to VDD.
The ADE5166/ADE5169 wake up after the programmable
time interval has elapsed. The RTC interrupt needs to be
serviced and acknowledged prior to entering PSM2 mode.
An alarm can be set to wake the ADE5166/ADE5169 after the
desired amount of time. The RTC alarm is enabled by setting
the ALxx_EN bits in the RTC Configuration 2 SFR (TIMECON2,
Address 0xA2). The RTC interrupt needs to be serviced and
acknowledged prior to entering PSM2 mode.
The edge of the interrupt is selected by the IT0 bit in the TCON
SFR (TCON, Address 0x88). The IE0 flag bit in the TCON SFR is
not affected. The Interrupt 0 interrupt needs to be serviced
and acknowledged prior to entering PSM2 mode.
The edge of the interrupt is selected by the IT1 bit in the TCON
SFR (TCON, Address 0x88). The IE1 flag bit in the TCON SFR is
not affected. The Interrupt 1 interrupt needs to be serviced
and acknowledged prior to entering PSM2 mode.
An Rx edge event occurs if a rising or falling edge is detected
on the RxD2 line. The UART2 RxD flag needs to be cleared
prior to entering PSM2 mode.
If the RESET pin is brought low while the ADE5166/ADE5169
are in PSM2 mode, they wake up to PSM1 mode.
The LCD can be enabled/disabled in PSM2 mode. The LCD
data memory remains intact.
The four SCRATCHx registers remain intact in PSM2 mode.
All I/O pins are treated as inputs. The weak pull-up on each I/O pin can be disabled individually in the Port 0 weak pull-up enable SFR (PINMAP0, Address 0xB2), Port 1
weak pull-up enable SFR (PINMAP1, Address 0xB3), and Port 2 weak pull-up enable SFR (PINMAP2, Address 0xB4) to decrease current consumption. The interrupts can
be enabled or disabled.
Rev. 0 | Page 33 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
TRANSITIONING BETWEEN OPERATING MODES
Automatic Switch to VDD (PSM1 to PSM0)
The operating mode of the ADE5166/ADE5169 is determined
by the power supply connected to VSWOUT. Therefore, changes in
the power supply, such as when VSWOUT switches from VDD to
VBAT or when VSWOUT switches to VDD, alter the operating mode.
This section describes events that change the operating mode.
If the conditions to switch VSWOUT from VBAT to VDD occur (see
the Battery Switchover section), the operating mode switches
to PSM0. When this switch occurs, the analog circuitry used in
the ADE energy measurement DSP automatically restarts. Note
that code execution continues normally. A software reset can
be performed to start PSM0 code execution at the power-on
reset vector.
Automatic Battery Switchover (PSM0 to PSM1)
If any of the enabled battery switchover events occur (see the
Battery Switchover section), VSWOUT switches to VBAT. This switchover results in a transition from PSM0 to PSM1 operating mode.
When battery switchover occurs, the analog circuitry used in
the ADE energy measurement DSP is disabled. To reduce power
consumption, the user code can initiate a transition to PSM2.
Entering Sleep Mode (PSM1 to PSM2)
To reduce power consumption when VSWOUT is connected to
VBAT, user code can initiate sleep mode, PSM2, by setting Bit 4
in the power control SFR (POWCON, Address 0xC5) to shut
down the MCU core. Events capable of waking the MCU can be
enabled (see the 3.3 V Peripherals and Wake-Up Events section).
Servicing Wake-Up Events (PSM2 to PSM1)
The ADE5166/ADE5169 may need to wake up from PSM2 to
service wake-up events (see the 3.3 V Peripherals and Wake-Up
Events section). PSM1 code execution begins at the power-on
reset vector. After servicing the wake-up event, the ADE5166/
ADE5169 can return to PSM2 by setting Bit 4 in the power control
SFR (POWCON, Address 0xC5) to shut down the MCU core.
Automatic Switch to VDD (PSM2 to PSM0)
If the conditions to switch VSWOUT from VBAT to VDD occur (see
the Battery Switchover section), the operating mode switches to
PSM0. When this switch occurs, the MCU core and the analog
circuitry used in the ADE energy measurement DSP automatically
restart. PSM0 code execution begins at the power-on reset vector.
USING THE POWER MANAGEMENT FEATURES
Because program flow is different for each operating mode, the
status of VSWOUT must be known at all times. The VSWSOURCE
bit in the peripheral configuration SFR (PERIPH, Address 0xF4)
indicates the power supply to which VSWOUT is connected (see
Table 19). This bit can be used to control program flow on wakeup. Because code execution always starts at the power-on reset
vector, Bit 6 of the PERIPH SRF can be tested to determine which
power supply is being used and to branch to normal code execution
or to wake up event code execution. Power supply events can
also occur when the MCU core is active. To be aware of the
events that change what VSWOUT is connected to, use the
following guidelines:
•
•
Enable the battery switchover interrupt (EBSO)
if VSWOUT = VDD at power-up.
Enable the power supply restored interrupt (EPSR)
if VSWOUT = VBAT at power-up.
An early warning that battery switchover is about to occur is
provided by SAG detection and, possibly. by low VDCIN detection
(see the Battery Switchover section).
For a user-controlled battery switchover, enable automatic battery
switchover on low VDD only. Next, enable the low VDCIN event to
generate the PSM interrupt. When a low VDCIN event occurs, start
data backup. Upon completion of the data backup, enable battery
switchover on low VDCIN. Battery switchover occurs 30 ms later.
POWER SUPPLY
RESTORED
PSM0
NORMAL MODE
VSWOUT IS CONNECTED TO VDD
AUTOMATIC BATTERY
SWITCHOVER
POWER SUPPLY
RESTORED
PSM1
BATTERY MODE
VSWOUT IS CONNECTED TO VBAT
WAKE-UP
EVENT
USER CODE DIRECTS MCU
TO SHUT DOWN CORE AFTER
SERVICING A WAKE-UP EVENT
Figure 36. Transitioning Between Operating Modes
Rev. 0 | Page 34 of 148
07411-017
PSM2
SLEEP MODE
VSWOUT IS CONNECTED TO VBAT
ADE5166/ADE5169
ENERGY MEASUREMENT
The ADE5166/ADE5169 offer a fixed function, energy measurement, digital processing core that provides all the information
needed to measure energy in single-phase energy meters. The
part provides two ways to access the energy measurements:
direct access through SFRs for time sensitive information and
indirect access through address and data SFRs for the majority
of energy measurements. The Irms, Vrms, interrupts, and waveform
registers are readily available through the SFRs, as shown in
Table 30. Other energy measurement information is mapped
to a page of memory that is accessed indirectly through the
MADDPT, MDATL, MDATM, and MDATH SFRs. The address
and data SFRs act as pointers to the energy measurement
internal registers.
ACCESS TO ENERGY MEASUREMENT SFRs
Access to the energy measurement SFRs is achieved by reading
or writing to the SFR addresses detailed in Table 30. The internal
data for the MIRQx SFRs is latched byte by byte into the SFR
when the SFR is read.
The WAV1x, WAV2x, VRMSx, and IRMSx registers are all 3-byte
SFRs. The 24-bit data is latched into these SFRs when the high
byte is read. Reading the low or medium byte before the high
byte results in reading the data from the previous latched sample.
internal energy measurement register designated by the address
in the MADDPT SFR. If the internal register is one byte long,
only the MDATL SFR content is copied to the internal register,
while the MDATM SFR and MDATH SFR contents are ignored.
The energy measurement core functions with an internal clock of
4.096 MHz∕5 or 819.2 kHz. Because the 8052 core functions with
another clock, 4.096MHz∕2CD, synchronization between the two
clock environments when CD = 0 or 1 is an issue. When data is
written to the internal energy measurement registers, a small
wait period needs to be implemented before another read or
write to these registers can take place.
Sample code to write 0x0155 to the 2-byte SAGLVL register
located at 0x14 in the energy measurement memory space is as
follows:
MOV
MDATM,#01h
MOV
MDATL,#55h
MOV
MADDPT,#SAGLVL_W (Address 0x94)
MOV
A,#05h
DJNZ
ACC,$
;Next write or read to energy
measurement SFR can be done after
this.
Sample code to read the VRMSx register is as follows:
Reading the Internal Energy Measurement Registers
MOV
R1, VRMSH
MOV
R2, VRMSM
MOV
R3, VRMSL
When Bit 7 of energy measurement pointer address SFR
(MADDPT, Address 0x91) is cleared, the content of the internal
energy measurement register designated by the address in
MADDPT is transferred to the MDATx SFRs. If the internal
register is one byte long, only the MDATL SFR content is updated
with a new value, and the MDATM SFR and MDATH SFR
contents are reset to 0x00.
//latches data in VRMSH,
VRMSM, and VRMSL SFRs
ACCESS TO INTERNAL ENERGY MEASUREMENT
REGISTERS
Access to the internal energy measurement registers is achieved
by writing to the energy measurement pointer address SFR
(MADDPT, Address 0x91). This SFR selects the energy measurement register to be accessed and determines if a read or a write
is performed (see Table 29).
Table 29. Energy Measurement Pointer Address SFR
(MADDPT, Address 0x91)
Bit
7
[6:0]
Description
1 = write, 0 = read
Energy measurement internal register address
The energy measurement core functions with an internal clock
of 4.096 MHz∕5 or 819.2 kHz. Because the 8052 core functions
with another clock, 4.096MHz∕2CD, synchronization between the
two clock environments when CD = 0 or 1 is an issue. When data
is read from the internal energy measurement registers, a small
wait period needs to be implemented before the MDATx SFRs
are transferred to another SFR.
Sample code to read the peak voltage in the 2-byte VPKLVL
register located at 0x16 into the data pointer is as follows:
MOV
MADDPT,#VPKLVL_R (Address 0x16)
Writing to the Internal Energy Measurement Registers
MOV
A,#05h
When Bit 7 of the energy measurement pointer address SFR
(MADDPT, Address 0x91) is set, the content of the MDATx
SFRs (MDATL, MDATM, and MDATH) is transferred to the
DJNZ
ACC,$
MOV
DPH,MDATM
MOV
DPL,MDATL
Rev. 0 | Page 35 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 30. Energy Measurement SFRs
Address
0x91
0x92
0x93
0x94
0xD1
0xD2
0xD3
0xD4
0xD5
0xD6
0xD9
0xDA
0xDB
0xDC
0xDD
0xDE
0xE2
0xE3
0xE4
0xE5
0xE6
0xE7
Description
Energy measurement pointer address.
Energy measurement pointer data LSB.
Energy measurement pointer data middle byte.
Energy measurement pointer data MSB.
Vrms measurement LSB.
Vrms measurement middle byte.
Vrms measurement MSB.
Irms measurement LSB.
Irms measurement middle byte.
Irms measurement MSB.
Energy measurement interrupt enable LSB.
Energy measurement interrupt enable middle byte.
Energy measurement interrupt enable MSB.
Energy measurement interrupt status LSB.
Energy measurement interrupt status middle byte.
Energy measurement interrupt status MSB.
Selection 1 sample LSB.
Selection 1 sample middle byte.
Selection 1 sample MSB.
Selection 2 sample LSB.
Selection 2 sample middle byte.
Selection 2 sample MSB.
×1, ×2, ×4,
×8, ×16
{GAIN[2:0]}
INTEGRATOR
PGA1
I
Mnemonic
MADDPT
MDATL
MDATM
MDATH
VRMSL
VRMSM
VRMSH
IRMSL
IRMSM
IRMSH
MIRQENL
MIRQENM
MIRQENH
MIRQSTL
MIRQSTM
MIRQSTH
WAV1L
WAV1M
WAV1H
WAV2L
WAV2M
WAV2H
ADC
WGAIN[11:0]
MULTIPLIER
HPF
IN
dt
PGA1
ADC
LPF2
CF1NUM[15:0]
HPF
IBP
WATTOS[15:0]
π
2
IBGAIN[11:0]
VARGAIN[11:0]
CF1
DFC
Ф
LPF2
CF1DEN[15:0]
IRMSOS[11:0]
VAROS[15:0]
CF2NUM[15:0]
VAGAIN[11:0]
x2
VRMSOS[11:0]
VP
VN
CF2
DFC
LPF
VARDIV[7:0]
CF2DEN[15:0]
PGA2
ADC
HPF
x2
LPF
VADIV[7:0]
%
%
%
METERING SFRs
Figure 37. Energy Metering Block Diagram
Rev. 0 | Page 36 of 148
WDIV[7:0]
07411-117
IPA
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R
R
R
R
R
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R
R
R
R
R
R
ADE5166/ADE5169
ENERGY MEASUREMENT REGISTERS
Table 31. Energy Measurement Register List
Address
MADDPT[6:0]
0x01
0x02
0x03
0x04
0x05
0x06
0x07
Mnemonic
WATTHR
RWATTHR
LWATTHR
VARHR 1
RVARHR1
LVARHR1
VAHR
R/W
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Length
(Bits)
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
Signed/
Unsigned
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Default
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0x08
RVAHR
R
24
S
0
0x09
LVAHR
R
24
S
0
0x0A
0x0B
0x0C
0x0D
PER_FREQ
MODE1
MODE2
WAVMODE
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
16
8
8
8
U
U
U
U
0
0x06
0x40
0
0x0E
0x0F
NLMODE
ACCMODE
R/W
R/W
8
8
U
U
0
0
0x10
0x11
PHCAL
ZXTOUT
R/W
R/W
8
12
S
0x40
0x0FFF
0x12
LINCYC
R/W
16
U
0xFFFF
0x13
SAGCYC
R/W
8
U
0xFF
0x14
SAGLVL
R/W
16
U
0
0x15
IPKLVL
R/W
16
U
0xFFFF
0x16
VPKLVL
R/W
16
U
0xFFFF
0x17
0x18
0x19
0x1A
0x1B
0x1C
0x1D
0x1E
0x1F
0x20
0x21
0x22
0x23
0x24
0x25
0x26
0x27
0x28
IPEAK
RSTIPEAK
VPEAK
RSTVPEAK
GAIN
IBGAIN
WGAIN
VARGAIN1
VAGAIN
WATTOS
VAROS1
IRMSOS
VRMSOS
WDIV
VARDIV
VADIV
CF1NUM
CF1DEN
R
R
R
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
24
24
24
24
8
12
12
12
12
16
16
12
12
8
8
8
16
16
U
U
U
U
U
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
U
U
U
U
U
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0x003F
Description
Reads Wh accumulator without reset.
Reads Wh accumulator with reset.
Reads Wh accumulator synchronous to line cycle.
Reads VARh accumulator without reset.
Reads VARh accumulator with reset.
Reads VARh accumulator synchronous to line cycle.
Reads VAh accumulator without reset. If the VARMSCFCON bit in the
MODE2 register (Address 0x0C) is set, this register accumulates Irms.
Reads VAh accumulator with reset. If the VARMSCFCON bit in the
MODE2 register (Address 0x0C) is set, this register accumulates Irms.
Reads VAh accumulator synchronous to line cycle. If the VARMSCFCON
bit in the MODE2 register (Address 0x0C) is set, this register accumulates
Irms.
Reads line period or frequency register depending on Mode2 register.
Sets basic configuration of energy measurement (see Table 32).
Sets basic configuration of energy measurement (see Table 33).
Sets configuration of Waveform Sample 1 and Waveform Sample 2
(see Table 34).
Sets level of energy no load thresholds (see Table 35).
Sets configuration of watt and var accumulation and various tamper
alarms (see Table 36).
Sets phase calibration register (see the Phase Compensation section).
Sets timeout for zero-crossing timeout detection (see the ZeroCrossing Timeout section).
Sets number of half-line cycles for LWATTHR, LVARHR, and LVAHR
accumulators.
Sets number of half-line cycles for SAG detection (see the Line
Voltage SAG Detection section).
Sets detection level for SAG detection (see the Line Voltage SAG
Detection section).
Sets peak detection level for current peak detection (see the Peak
Detection section).
Sets peak detection level for voltage peak detection (see the Peak
Detection section).
Reads current peak level without reset (see the Peak Detection section).
Reads current peak level with reset (see the Peak Detection section).
Reads voltage peak level without reset (see the Peak Detection section).
Reads voltage peak level with reset (see the Peak Detection section).
Sets PGA gain of analog inputs (see Table 37).
Sets matching gain for IPB current input.
Sets watt gain register.
Sets var gain register.
Sets VA gain register.
Sets watt offset register.
Sets var offset register.
Sets current rms offset register.
Sets voltage rms offset register.
Sets watt energy scaling register.
Sets var energy scaling register.
Sets VA energy scaling register.
Sets CF1 numerator register.
Sets CF1 denominator register.
Rev. 0 | Page 37 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Address
MADDPT[6:0]
0x29
0x2A
0x2B
0x3B
0x3C
0x3D
0x3E
0x3F
1
Mnemonic
CF2NUM
CF2DEN
MODE3
Reserved
Reserved
CALMODE
Reserved
Reserved
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Length
(Bits)
16
16
8
Signed/
Unsigned
U
U
U
R/W
8
U
Default
0
0x003F
0
0
0x0300
0
0
0
Description
Sets CF2 numerator register.
Sets CF2 denominator register.
Enables zero crossing outputs (see Table 38).
This register must be set to its default value for proper operation.
This register must be set to its default value for proper operation.
Sets calibration mode (see Table 39).
This register must be set to its default value for proper operation.
This register must be set to its default value for proper operation.
This function is not available in the ADE5166.
ENERGY MEASUREMENT INTERNAL REGISTER DETAILS
Table 32. Mode 1 Register (MODE1, Address 0x0B)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Mnemonic
SWRST
DISZXLPF
INTE
SWAPBITS
PWRDN
DISCF2
DISCF1
DISHPF
Default
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
Description
Setting this bit resets all of the energy measurement registers to their default values.
Setting this bit disables the zero-crossing low-pass filter.
Setting this bit enables the digital integrator for use with a di/dt sensor.
Setting this bit swaps CH1 ADC and CH2 ADC.
Setting this bit powers down voltage and current ADCs.
Setting this bit disables Frequency Output CF2.
Setting this bit disables Frequency Output CF1.
Setting this bit disables the HPFs in voltage and current channels.
Table 33. Mode 2 Register (MODE2, Address 0x0C)
Bit
[7:6]
Mnemonic
CF2SEL
Default
01
[5:4]
CF1SEL
00
3
VARMSCFCON
0
2
1
ZXRMS
FREQSEL
0
0
0
WAVEN
0
1
Description
Configuration bits for CF2 output.
CF2SEL
Result
00
CF2 frequency is proportional to active power.
01
CF2 frequency is proportional to reactive power. 1
1X
CF2 frequency is proportional to apparent power or Irms.
Configuration bits for CF1 output.
CF1SEL
Result
00
CF1 frequency is proportional to active power.
01
CF1 frequency is proportional to reactive power.1
1X
CF1 frequency is proportional to apparent power or Irms.
Configuration bits for apparent power or Irms for CF1, CF2 outputs, and VA accumulation registers
(VAHR, RVAHR, and LVAHR). Note that CF1 cannot be proportional to VA if CF2 is proportional to
Irms and vice versa.
VARMSCFCON Result
0
If CF1SEL[1:0] = 1X, CF1 is proportional to VA
If CF2SEL[1:0] = 1X, CF2 is proportional to VA
1
If CF1SEL[1:0] = 1X, CF1 is proportional to Irms
If CF2SEL[1:0] = 1X, CF2 is proportional to Irms
Logic 1 enables update of rms values synchronously to Voltage ZX.
Configuration bits to select period or frequency measurement for PER_FREQ register
(Address 0x0A).
FREQSEL
Result
0
PER_FREQ register holds a period measurement
1
PER_FREQ register holds a frequency measurement
When this bit is set, waveform sampling mode is enabled.
This function is not available in the ADE5166.
Rev. 0 | Page 38 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 34. Waveform Mode Register (WAVMODE, Address 0x0D)
Bit
[7:5]
Mnemonic
WAV2SEL
Default
000
[4:2]
WAV1SEL
000
[1:0]
DTRT
00
1
Description
Waveform Sample 2 selection for samples mode.
WAV2SEL
Source
000
Current
001
Voltage
010
Active power multiplier output
011
Reactive power multiplier output1
100
VA multiplier output
101
Irms LPF output
Others
Reserved
Waveform Sample 1 selection for samples mode.
WAV1SEL
Source
000
Current
001
Voltage
010
Active power multiplier output
011
Reactive power multiplier output1
100
VA multiplier output
101
Irms LPF output (low 24-bit)
Others
Reserved
Waveform samples output data rate.
DTRT
Update Rate (Clock = fCORE/5 = 819.2 kHz)
00
25.6 kSPS (clock/32)
01
12.8 kSPS (clock/64)
10
6.4 kSPS (clock/128)
11
3.2 kSPS (clock/256)
This function is not available in the ADE5166.
Table 35. No Load Configuration Register (NLMODE, Address 0x0E)
Bit
7
6
Mnemonic
DISVARCMP1
IRMSNOLOAD
Default
0
0
[5:4]
VANOLOAD
00
[3:2]
VARNOLOAD1
00
[1:0]
APNOLOAD
00
1
Description
Setting this bit disables fundamental var gain compensation over line frequency.
Logic 1 enables Irms no load threshold detection. The level is defined by the setting of the
VANOLOAD bits.
Apparent power no load threshold.
VANOLOAD
Result
00
No load detection disabled
01
No load detection enabled with threshold = 0.030% of full scale
10
No load detection enabled with threshold = 0.015% of full scale
11
No load detection enabled with threshold = 0.0075% of full scale
Reactive power no load threshold.
VARNOLOAD
Result
00
No load detection disabled
01
No load detection enabled with threshold = 0.015% of full scale
10
No load detection enabled with threshold = 0.0075% of full scale
11
No load detection enabled with threshold = 0.0037% of full scale
Active power no load threshold.
APNOLOAD
Result
00
No load detection disabled
01
No load detection enabled with threshold = 0.015% of full scale
10
No load detection enabled with threshold = 0.0075% of full scale
11
No load detection enabled with threshold = 0.0037% of full scale
This function is not available in the ADE5166.
Rev. 0 | Page 39 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 36. Accumulation Mode Register (ACCMODE, Address 0x0F)
Bit
7
Mnemonic
ICHANNEL
Default
0
6
FAULTSIGN
0
5
VARSIGN 1
0
4
APSIGN
0
3
2
ABSVARM1
SAVARM1
0
0
1
0
POAM
ABSAM
0
0
1
Description
This bit indicates the current channel used to measure energy in antitampering mode.
0 = Channel A (IPA).
1 = Channel B (IPB).
Configuration bit to select the event that triggers a fault interrupt.
0 = a FAULTSIGN interrupt occurs when the part enters fault mode.
1 = a FAULTSIGN interrupt occurs when the part enters normal mode.
Configuration bit to select the event that triggers a reactive power sign interrupt. If cleared to 0,
a VARSIGN interrupt occurs when reactive power changes from positive to negative. If set to 1,
a VARSIGN interrupt occurs when reactive power changes from negative to positive.
Configuration bit to select event that triggers an active power sign interrupt. If cleared to 0,
an APSIGN interrupt occurs when active power changes from positive to negative. If set to 1,
an APSIGN interrupt occurs when active power changes from negative to positive.
Logic 1 enables absolute value accumulation of reactive power in energy register and pulse output.
Logic 1 enables reactive power accumulation depending on the sign of the active power. If
active power is positive, var is accumulated as it is. If active power is negative, the sign of the var
is reversed for the accumulation. This accumulation mode affects both the var registers (VARHR,
RVARHR, LVARHR) and the pulse output when connected to VAR.1
Logic 1 enables positive-only accumulation of active power in energy register and pulse output.
Logic 1 enables absolute value accumulation of active power in energy register and pulse output.
This function is not available in the ADE5166.
Table 37. Gain Register (GAIN, Address 0x1B)
Bit
[7:5]
Mnemonic
PGA2
Default
000
4
3
Reserved
CFSIGN_OPT
0
0
[2:0]
PGA1
000
Description
These bits define the voltage channel input gain.
PGA2
Result
000
Gain = 1
001
Gain = 2
010
Gain = 4
011
Gain = 8
100
Gain = 16
Reserved.
This bit defines where the CF change of sign detection (APSIGN or VARSIGN) is implemented.
CFSIGN_OPT
Result
0
Filtered power signal
1
On a per CF pulse basis
These bits define the current channel input gain.
PGA1
Result
000
Gain = 1
001
Gain = 2
010
Gain = 4
011
Gain = 8
100
Gain = 16
Table 38. Mode 3 Register (MODE3 Address 0x2B)
Bit
[7:2]
1
0
Mnemonic
Reserved
ZX1
ZX2
Default
0
0
0
Description
Reserved.
Setting this bit enables the zero crossing output signal on P1.2.
Setting this bit enables the zero crossing output signal on P0.5.
Rev. 0 | Page 40 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 39. Calibration Mode Register (CALMODE, Address 0x3D)
Bit
[7:6]
[5:4]
Mnemonic
Reserved
SEL_I_CH
Default
0
0
3
2
[1:0]
V_CH_SHORT
I_CH_SHORT
Reserved
0
0
0
Description
These bits must be kept at 0 for proper operation.
These bits define the current channel used for energy measurements.
SEL_I_CH
Result
00
Current channel automatically selected by the tampering condition
01
Current channel connected to IPA
10
Current channel connected to IPB
11
Current channel automatically selected by the tampering condition
Logic 1 shorts the voltage channel to ground.
Logic 1 shorts the voltage channel to ground.
These bits must be kept at 0 for proper operation.
INTERRUPT STATUS/ENABLE SFRS
Table 40. Interrupt Status 1 SFR (MIRQSTL, Address 0xDC)
Bit
7
Interrupt Flag
ADEIRQFLAG
6
5
4
3
2
Reserved
FAULTSIGN
VARSIGN 1
APSIGN
VANOLOAD
1
0
RNOLOAD1
APNOLOAD
1
Description
This bit is set if any of the ADE status flags that are enabled to generate an ADE interrupt is set. This bit is
automatically cleared when all of the enabled ADE status flags are cleared.
Reserved.
Logic 1 indicates that the fault mode has changed according to the configuration of the ACCMODE register.
Logic 1 indicates that the reactive power sign has changed according to the configuration of the ACCMODE register.
Logic 1 indicates that the active power sign has changed according to the configuration of the ACCMODE register.
Logic 1 indicates that an interrupt has been caused by apparent power no load detection. This interrupt is also
used to reflect that the part is entering the Irms no load mode.
Logic 1 indicates that an interrupt has been caused by reactive power no load detection.
Logic 1 indicates that an interrupt has been caused by active power no load detection.
This function is not available in the ADE5166.
Table 41. Interrupt Status 2 SFR (MIRQSTM, Address 0xDD)
Bit
7
Interrupt Flag
CF2
6
CF1
5
4
3
2
1
0
VAEOF
REOF 1
AEOF
VAEHF
REHF1
AEHF
1
Description
Logic 1 indicates that a pulse on CF2 has been issued. The flag is set even if the CF2 pulse output is not
enabled by clearing Bit 2 of the MODE1 register.
Logic 1 indicates that a pulse on CF1 has been issued. The flag is set even if the CF1 pulse output is not
enabled by clearing Bit 1 of the MODE1 register.
Logic 1 indicates that the VAHR register has overflowed.
Logic 1 indicates that the VARHR register has overflowed.
Logic 1 indicates that the WATTHR register has overflowed.
Logic 1 indicates that the VAHR register is half full.
Logic 1 indicates that the VARHR register is half full.
Logic 1 indicates that the WATTHR register is half full.
This function is not available in the ADE5166.
Table 42. Interrupt Status 3 SFR (MIRQSTH, Address 0xDE)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Interrupt Flag
RESET
Reserved
WFSM
PKI
PKV
CYCEND
ZXTO
ZX
Description
Indicates the end of a reset (for both software and hardware reset).
Reserved.
Logic 1 indicates that new data is present in the waveform registers (Address 0xE2 to Address 0xE7).
Logic 1 indicates that the current channel has exceeded the IPKLVL value
Logic 1 indicates that the voltage channel has exceeded the VPKLVL value.
Logic 1 indicates the end of the energy accumulation over an integer number of half-line cycles.
Logic 1 indicates that no zero crossing on the line voltage happened for the last ZXTOUT half-line cycles.
Logic 1 indicates detection of a zero crossing in the voltage channel.
Rev. 0 | Page 41 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 43. Interrupt Enable 1 SFR (MIRQENL, Address 0xD9)
Bit
7 to 6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
Interrupt Enable Bit
Reserved
FAULTSIGN
VARSIGN 1
APSIGN
VANOLOAD
RNOLOAD1
APNOLOAD
Description
Reserved.
When this bit is set to Logic 1, the FAULTSIGN bit set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core.
When this bit is set to Logic 1, the VARSIGN flag set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core.
When this bit is set to Logic 1, the APSIGN flag set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core.
When this bit is set to Logic 1, the VANOLOAD flag set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core.
When this bit is set to Logic 1, the RNOLOAD flag set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core.
When this bit is set to Logic 1, the APNOLOAD flag set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core.
This function is not available in the ADE5166.
Table 44. Interrupt Enable 2 SFR (MIRQENM, Address 0xDA)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
Interrupt Enable Bit
CF2
CF1
VAEOF
REOF 1
AEOF
VAEHF
REHF1
AEHF
Description
When this bit is set to Logic 1, a CF2 pulse creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core.
When this bit is set to Logic 1, a CF1 pulse creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core.
When this bit is set to Logic 1, the VAEOF flag set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core.
When this bit is set to Logic 1, the REOF flag set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core.
When this bit is set to Logic 1, the AEOF flag set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core.
When this bit is set to Logic 1, the VAEHF flag set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core.
When this bit is set to Logic 1, the REHF flag set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core.
When this bit is set to Logic 1, the AEHF flag set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core.
This function is not available in the ADE5166.
Table 45. Interrupt Enable 3 SFR (MIRQENH, Address 0xDB)
Interrupt Enable Bit
Reserved
WFSM
PKI
PKV
CYCEND
ZXTO
ZX
Description
Reserved.
When this bit is set to Logic 1, the WFSM flag set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core.
When this bit is set to Logic 1, the PKI flag set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core.
When this bit is set to Logic 1, the PKV flag set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core.
When this bit is set to Logic 1, the CYCEND flag set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core.
When this bit is set to Logic 1, the ZXTO flag set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core.
When this bit is set to Logic 1, the ZX flag set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core.
ANALOG INPUTS
Each ADE5166/ADE5169 has two fully differential voltage input
channels. The maximum differential input voltage for the
VP/VN, and IPB/IN input pairs is ±0.5 V.
Bit 2 to Bit 0 select the gain for the PGA in the current channel,
and Bit 7 to Bit 5 select the gain for the PGA in the voltage
channel. Figure 39 shows how a gain selection for the current
channel is made using the gain register.
Each analog input channel has a programmable gain amplifier
(PGA) with possible gain selections of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16. The gain
selections are made by writing to the GAIN register (see Table 37
and Figure 38).
GAIN REGISTER*
CURRENT AND VOLTAGE CHANNELS PGA CONTROL
0
PGA2 GAIN SELECT
000 = ×1
001 = ×2
010 = ×4
011 = ×8
100 = ×16
6
0
5
0
4
0
3
0
2
0
1
0
0
ADDR:
0x1B
*REGISTER CONTENTS SHOW POWER-ON DEFAULTS.
5
0
0
0
GAIN[7:0]
4 3 2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
GAIN (K)
SELECTION
VIN
PGA1 GAIN SELECT
000 = ×1
001 = ×2
010 = ×4
011 = ×8
100 = ×16
CFSIGN_OPT
RESERVED
6
IP
0
K × VIN
IN
Figure 39. PGA in Current Channel
07411-019
7
7
07411-018
Bit
[7:6]
5
4
3
2
1
0
Figure 38. Analog Gain Register
Rev. 0 | Page 42 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
is 40 Hz to 2 kHz. Oversampling has the effect of spreading the
quantization noise (noise due to sampling) over a wider bandwidth. With the noise spread more thinly over a wider bandwidth,
the quantization noise in the band of interest is lowered (see
Figure 40).
ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION
Each ADE5166/ADE5169 has two Σ-Δ analog-to digital converters
(ADCs). The outputs of these ADCs are mapped directly to waveform sampling SFRs (Address 0xE2 to Address 0xE7) and are used
for energy measurement internal digital signal processing. In PSM1
(battery) mode and PSM2 (sleep) mode, the ADCs are powered
down to minimize power consumption.
DIGITAL
FILTER
SIGNAL
For simplicity, the block diagram in Figure 41 shows a first-order
Σ-Δ ADC. The converter is made up of the Σ-Δ modulator and
the digital low-pass filter (LPF).
ANTIALIAS
FILTER (RC)
SHAPED
NOISE
NOISE
A Σ-Δ modulator converts the input signal into a continuous
serial stream of 1s and 0s at a rate determined by the sampling
clock. In the ADE5166/ADE5169, the sampling clock is equal to
4.096 MHz/5. The 1-bit DAC in the feedback loop is driven by
the serial data stream. The DAC output is subtracted from the
input signal. If the loop gain is high enough, the average value of
the DAC output (and, therefore, the bit stream) can approach
that of the input signal level.
0
2
409.6
FREQUENCY (kHz)
0
2
409.6
FREQUENCY (kHz)
Figure 40. Noise Reduction Due to Oversampling and
Noise Shaping in the Analog Modulator
However, oversampling alone is not efficient enough to improve
the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the band of interest. For example,
an oversampling ratio of four is required to increase the SNR by
only 6 dB (1 bit). To keep the oversampling ratio at a reasonable
level, it is possible to shape the quantization noise so that the
majority of the noise lies at the higher frequencies. In the Σ-Δ
modulator, the noise is shaped by the integrator, which has a
high-pass-type response for the quantization noise. The result
is that most of the noise is at the higher frequencies where it can
be removed by the digital LPF. This noise shaping is shown in
Figure 40.
MCLK/5
INTEGRATOR
LATCHED
COMPARATOR
+
DIGITAL
LOW-PASS
FILTER
–
24
VREF
... 10100101 ...
1-BIT DAC
Figure 41. First-Order Σ-∆ ADC
Rev. 0 | Page 43 of 148
07411-020
C
819.2
07411-021
NOISE
The Σ-Δ converter uses two techniques to achieve high resolution
from what is essentially a 1-bit conversion technique. The first
is oversampling. Oversampling means that the signal is sampled
at a rate (frequency) that is many times higher than the bandwidth
of interest. For example, the sampling rate in the ADE5166/
ADE5169 is 4.096 MHz/5 (819.2 kHz), and the band of interest
R
819.2
HIGH RESOLUTION
OUTPUT FROM DIGITAL
LPF
SIGNAL
For any given input value in a single sampling interval, the data
from the 1-bit ADC is virtually meaningless. Only when a large
number of samples are averaged is a meaningful result obtained.
This averaging is carried into the second part of the ADC, the
digital LPF. By averaging a large number of bits from the modulator, the low-pass filter can produce 24-bit data-words that are
proportional to the input signal level.
ANALOG
LOW-PASS FILTER
SAMPLING
FREQUENCY
ADE5166/ADE5169
Antialiasing Filter
For conventional current sensors, a simple RC filter (single-pole
LPF) with a corner frequency of 10 kHz produces an attenuation
of approximately 40 dB at 819.2 kHz (see Figure 42). The 20 dB
per decade attenuation is usually sufficient to eliminate the effects
of aliasing for conventional current sensors. However, for a di/dt
sensor such as a Rogowski coil, the sensor has a 20 dB per decade
gain. This neutralizes the −20 dB per decade attenuation produced
by one simple LPF. Therefore, when using a di/dt sensor, care
should be taken to offset the 20 dB per decade gain. One simple
approach is to cascade two RC filters to produce the −40 dB per
decade attenuation needed.
Figure 41 also shows an analog LPF (RC) on the input to the
modulator. This filter is present to prevent aliasing, an artifact
of all sampled systems. Aliasing means that frequency components
in the input signal to the ADC, which are higher than half the
sampling rate of the ADC, appear in the sampled signal at a frequency below half the sampling rate. Figure 42 illustrates the effect.
Frequency components (the black arrows) above half the sampling
frequency (also known as the Nyquist frequency, that is, 409.6 kHz)
are imaged or folded back down below 409.6 kHz. This happens
with all ADCs, regardless of the architecture. In Figure 42, only
frequencies near the sampling frequency (819.2 kHz) move into
the band of interest for metering (40 Hz to 2 kHz). This allows
the use of a very simple LPF to attenuate high frequency (at
approximately 819.2 kHz) noise and prevents distortion in the
band of interest.
ADC Transfer Function
Both ADCs in the ADE5166/ADE5169 are designed to produce
the same output code for the same input signal level. With a
full-scale signal on the input of 0.5 V and an internal reference
of 1.2 V, the ADC output code is nominally 2,147,483 or 0x20C49B.
The maximum code from the ADC is ±4,194,304; this is equivalent to an input signal level of ±0.794 V. However, for specified
performance, it is recommended that the full-scale input signal
level of 0.5 V not be exceeded.
ALIASING EFFECTS
SAMPLING
FREQUENCY
IMAGE
FREQUENCIES
Current Channel ADC
2
409.6
FREQUENCY (kHz)
Figure 43 shows the ADC and signal processing chain for the
current channel. In waveform sampling mode, the ADC outputs
a signed, twos complement, 24-bit data-word at a maximum of
25.6 kSPS (4.096 MHz/160).
07411-022
819.2
Figure 42. ADC and Signal Processing in Current Channel Outline Dimensions
IPA
×1, ×2, ×4,
×8, ×16
{GAIN[2:0]}
INTEGRATOR
PGA1
I
ADC
WGAIN[11:0]
MULTIPLIER
HPF
IN
dt
PGA1
ADC
LPF2
CF1NUM[15:0]
HPF
IBP
WATTOS[15:0]
π
2
IBGAIN[11:0]
VARGAIN[11:0]
CF1
DFC
Ф
LPF2
CF1DEN[15:0]
IRMSOS[11:0]
VAROS[15:0]
CF2NUM[15:0]
VAGAIN[11:0]
x2
VRMSOS[11:0]
VP
VN
CF2
DFC
LPF
VARDIV[7:0]
CF2DEN[15:0]
PGA2
ADC
HPF
x2
LPF
VADIV[7:0]
%
%
%
METERING SFRs
Figure 43. ADC and Signal Processing in Current Channel with PGA1 = 2, 4, 8, or 16
Rev. 0 | Page 44 of 148
WDIV[7:0]
07411-092
0
ADE5166/ADE5169
Voltage Channel ADC
Figure 44 shows the ADC and signal processing chain for the
voltage channel. In waveform sampling mode, the ADC outputs
a signed, twos complement, 24-bit data-word at a maximum
of 25.6 kSPS (MCLK/160). The ADC produces an output code
that is approximately between 0x28F5 (+10,485d) and 0xD70B
(−10,485d).
Channel Sampling
The waveform samples of the current ADC and voltage ADC
can also be routed to the waveform registers to be read by the
MCU core. The active, reactive, and apparent power and energy
calculation remain uninterrupted during waveform sampling.
ACTIVE AND REACTIVE
POWER CALCULATION
HPF
PGA2
V2
REFERENCE
VOLTAGE RMS (Vrms)
CALCULATION
WAVEFORM SAMPLE
REGISTER
ADC
VN
0.5V, 0.25V,
0.125V, 62.5mV,
31.3mV
The ADE interrupt stays active until the WFSM status bit is
cleared (see the Energy Measurement Interrupts section).
VOLTAGE PEAK DETECT
V2
ZX DETECTION
0V
VOLTAGE CHANNEL
WAVEFORM
DATA RANGE
ANALOG
INPUT
RANGE
0x28F5
LPF1
f–3dB = 63.7Hz
MODE1[6]
ZX SIGNAL
DATA RANGE FOR 60Hz SIGNAL
0x1DD0
0x0000
0x0000
0xE230
0xD70B
ZX SIGNAL
DATA RANGE FOR 50Hz SIGNAL
0x2037
0x0000
0xDFC9
Figure 44. ADC and Signal Processing in Voltage Channel
Rev. 0 | Page 45 of 148
07411-024
VP
×1, ×2, ×4,
×8, ×16
{GAIN[7:5]}
When in waveform sampling mode, one of four output sample
rates can be chosen by using the DTRT[1:0] bits of the WAVMODE
register (see Table 34). The output sample rate can be 25.6 kSPS,
12.8 kSPS, 6.4 kSPS, or 3.2 kSPS. If the WFSM enable bit is set
in the Interrupt Enable 3 SFR (MIRQENH, Address 0xDB), the
8052 core has a pending ADE interrupt. The sampled signals
selected in the WAVMODE register are latched into the waveform
SFRs when the waveform high byte (WAV1H or WAV2H) is read.
ADE5166/ADE5169
FAULT DETECTION
Fault with Active Input Greater Than Inactive Input
The ADE5166/ADE5169 incorporate a fault detection scheme
that warns of fault conditions and allows accurate measurement
to continue during a fault event. The ADE5166/ADE5169 do
this by continuously monitoring both current inputs (IPA and IPB).
For ease of understanding, these currents are referred to as phase
and neutral (return) currents. In the ADE5166/ADE5169, a fault
condition is defined when the difference between IPA and IPB is
greater than 6.25% of the active channel. If a fault condition is
detected and the inactive channel is larger than the active channel,
the ADE5166/ADE5169 automatically switch current measurement to the inactive channel. During a fault, the active, reactive,
and apparent power and the Irms are generated using the larger of
the two currents. On power-up, IPA is the current input selected
for active, reactive, and apparent power and IRMS calculations.
If IPA is the active current input (that is, being used for billing),
and the voltage signal on IPB (inactive input) falls below 93.75%
of IPA, and the FAULTSIGN bit (Bit 6) of the ACCMODE register
(Address 0x0F) is cleared, the FAULTSIGN flag (Bit 5) in the
Interrupt Status 1 SFR (MIRQSTL, Address 0xDC) is set. Both
analog inputs are filtered and averaged to prevent false
triggering of this logic output. As a consequence of the filtering,
there is a time delay of approximately 3 sec on the logic output
after the fault event. The FAULTSIGN flag is independent of
any activity. Because IPA is the active input and it is still greater
than IPB, billing is maintained on IPA; that is, no swap to the IPB
input occurs. IPA remains the active input.
The current channel selected for measurement is indicated by
Bit 7 (ICHANNEL) in the ACCMODE register (Address 0x0F).
When this bit is cleared, IPA is selected and, when it is set, IPB is
selected. The ADE5166/ADE5169 automatically switch from one
channel to the other and report the channel configuration in the
ACCMODE register.
The current channel selected for measurement can also be forced.
Setting the SEL_I_CH[5:4] bits in the CALMODE register
(Address 0x3D) selects IPA and IPB, respectively. When both bits
are cleared or set, the current channel used for measurement is
selected automatically based on the fault detection.
Fault Indication
The ADE5166/ADE5169 provide an indication of the part going
in or out of a fault condition. The new fault condition is indicated
by the FAULTSIGN flag (Bit 5) in the Interrupt Status 1 SFR
(MIRQSTL, Address 0xDC).
When the FAULTSIGN bit (Bit 6) of the ACCMODE register
(Address 0x0F) is cleared, the FAULTSIGN flag in the Interrupt
Status 1 SFR (MIRQSTL, Address 0xDC) is set when the part is
entering a fault condition or a normal condition.
Typically, when a meter is calibrated, the voltage and current
circuits are separated, as shown in Figure 45. Current passes
through only the phase circuit or the neutral circuit. Figure 45
shows current being passed through the phase circuit. This is the
preferred option because the ADE5166/ADE5169 start billing on
the IPA input on power-up. The phase circuit CT is connected to
IPA in the diagram. Because the current sensors are not perfectly
matched, it is important to match current inputs. The ADE5166/
ADE5169 provide a gain calibration register for IPB, IBGAIN
(Address 0x1C). IBGAIN is a 12-bit, signed, twos complement
register that provides a gain resolution of 0.0244%/LSB.
IPB
IPA
RF
CT
0
RB
CF
VA
AGND
IN
TEST
CURRENT
When the FAULTSIGN bit (Bit 5) is set in the Interrupt Enable 1
SFR (MIRQENL, Address 0xD9), and the FAULTSIGN flag
(Bit 5) in the Interrupt Status 1 SFR (MIRQSTL, Address 0xDC)
is set, the 8052 core has a pending ADE interrupt.
RB
CT
CF
V
240V rms
CF
RF
RA
RF
0V
RF
VP
IB
VN
CT
07411-025
Channel Selection Indication
NEUTRAL
Because the ADE5166/ADE5169 look for a difference between
the voltage signals on IPA and IPB, it is important that both current
transducers be closely matched.
If the difference between IPB, the inactive input, and IPA, the active
input (that is, being used for billing), becomes greater than 6.25%
of IPB, and the FAULTSIGN bit (Bit 6) of the ACCMODE register
(Address 0x0F) is cleared, the FAULTSIGN flag (Bit 5)in the
Interrupt Status 1 SFR (MIRQSTL, Address 0xDC) is set. The
IPB analog input becomes the active input. Again, a time constant
of about 3 sec is associated with this swap. IPA does not swap back
to the active channel until IPA is greater than IPB and the difference
between IPA and IPB, in this order, becomes greater than 6.25% of
IPB. However, if the FAULTSIGN bit (Bit 6) of the ACCMODE
register (Address 0x0F) is set, the FAULTSIGN flag (Bit 5) in the
Interrupt Status 1 SFR (MIRQSTL, Address 0xDC) is set as soon
as IPA is within 6.25% of IPB. This threshold eliminates concerns
about potential chatter between IPA and IPB calibration.
PHASE
To prevent a false alarm, averaging is done for the fault detection,
and a fault condition is detected approximately one second after
the event. The fault detection is automatically disabled when the
voltage signal is less than 0.3% of the full-scale input range. This
eliminates false detection of a fault due to noise at light loads.
Fault with Inactive Input Greater Than Active Input
Figure 45. Fault Conditions for Inactive Input Greater Than Active Input
Rev. 0 | Page 46 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
10
0
–10
GAIN (dB)
For calibration, a first measurement should be done on IPA by
setting the SEL_I_CH bits to 0b01 in the CALMODE register
(Address 0x3D). This measurement should be compared to the
measurement on IPB. Measuring IPB can be forced by setting the
SEL_I_CH bits to 0b10 in the CALMODE register (Address 0x3D).
The gain error between these two measurements can be evaluated
using the following equation:
Measuremen t (I B ) − Measuremen t (I A )
Error (% ) =
Measuremen t (I A )
–20
–30
The two channels, IPA and IPB, can then be matched by writing
–Error(%)/(1 + Error(%)) × 212 to the IBGAIN register
(Address 0x1C). This matching adjustment is valid for all
energy measurements made by the ADE5166/ADE5169,
including active power, reactive power (the ADE5169 only),
apparent power, and Irms.
–40
100
07411-027
–50
1000
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 47. Combined Gain Response of the Digital Integrator and
Phase Compensator
–88.0
A di/dt sensor, a feature available for the ADE5169, detects changes
in the magnetic field caused by ac currents. Figure 46 shows the
principle of a di/dt current sensor.
–88.5
MAGNETIC FIELD CREATED BY CURRENT
(DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO CURRENT)
PHASE (Degrees)
di/dt CURRENT SENSOR AND DIGITAL INTEGRATOR
(ADE5169)
–89.0
–89.5
–90.0
102
103
FREQUENCY (Hz)
FREQ
Figure 46. Principle of a di/dt Current Sensor
Figure 48. Combined Phase Response of the Digital Integrator and
Phase Compensator
–1.0
–1.5
–2.0
–2.5
GAIN (dB)
The ADE5169 has a built-in digital integrator to recover the
current signal from the di/dt sensor. The digital integrator on
the current channel is switched off by default when the ADE5169
is powered up. Setting the INTE bit (Bit 5) in the MODE1 register
(Address 0x0B) turns on the integrator. Figure 47 to Figure 50
show the gain and phase response of the digital integrator.
Rev. 0 | Page 47 of 148
–3.0
–3.5
–4.0
–4.5
–5.0
–5.5
–6.0
40
45
50
55
60
FREQUENCY (Hz)
65
70
Figure 49. Combined Gain Response of the Digital Integrator and
Phase Compensator (40 Hz to 70 Hz)
07411-029
The flux density of a magnetic field induced by a current is directly
proportional to the magnitude of the current. The changes in the
magnetic flux density passing through a conductor loop generate
an electromotive force (EMF) between the two ends of the loop.
The EMF is a voltage signal that is proportional to the di/dt of the
current. The voltage output from the di/dt current sensor is determined by the mutual inductance between the current-carrying
conductor and the di/dt sensor. The current signal needs to be
recovered from the di/dt signal before it can be used. An integrator
is, therefore, necessary to restore the signal to its original form.
07411-106
–90.5
07411-026
+ EMF (ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE)
– INDUCED BY CHANGES IN
MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY (di/dt)
ADE5166/ADE5169
–89.70
the analog input signal V2 and the output of LPF1. The phase
lag response of LPF1 results in a time delay of approximately
2 ms (@ 60 Hz) between the zero crossing on the analog inputs
of the voltage channel and ZX detection.
–89.75
×1, ×2, ×4,
×8, ×16
–89.85
VP
–89.90
PGA2
V2
–89.95
REFERENCE
{GAIN[7:5]}
HPF
ADC 2
VN
–90.00
ZERO
CROSSING
45
50
55
60
FREQUENCY (Hz)
65
70
07411-030
–90.05
40
ZX
LPF1
f–3dB = 63.7Hz
MODE1[6]
Figure 50. Combined Phase Response of the Digital Integrator and
Phase Compensator (40 Hz to 70 Hz)
43.24° @ 60Hz
1.0
0.73
Note that the integrator has a −20 dB/dec attenuation and an
approximately −90° phase shift. When combined with a di/dt
sensor, the resulting magnitude and phase response should be
a flat gain over the frequency band of interest. The di/dt sensor
has a 20 dB/dec gain associated with it. It also generates significant
high frequency noise. Therefore, a more effective antialiasing
filter is needed to avoid noise due to aliasing (see the Antialiasing
Filter section).
ZX
V2
LPF1
07411-031
PHASE (Degrees)
–89.80
Figure 51. Zero-Crossing Detection on the Voltage Channel
When the digital integrator is switched off, the ADE5169 can be
used directly with a conventional current sensor, such as a current
transformer (CT), or with a low resistance current shunt.
The zero-crossing detection also drives the ZX flag in the
Interrupt Status 3 SFR (MIRQSTH, Address 0xDE). If the ZX
bit in the Interrupt Enable 3 SFR (MIRQENH, Address 0xDB)
is set, the 8052 core has a pending ADE interrupt. The ADE
interrupt stays active until the ZX status bit is cleared (see the
Energy Measurement Interrupts section).
POWER QUALITY MEASUREMENTS
Zero-Crossing Timeout
Zero-Crossing Detection
The zero-crossing detection also has an associated timeout
register, ZXTOUT. This unsigned, 12-bit register is decremented
(1 LSB) every 160/MCLK seconds. The register is reset to its
user programmed, full-scale value every time a zero crossing is
Each ADE5166/ADE5169 has a zero-crossing detection circuit
on the voltage channel. This external zero-crossing signal can be
output on P0.5 and P1.2 (see Table 38). It is also used in calibration mode.
The zero crossing is generated by default from the output of LPF1.
This filter has a low cutoff frequency and is intended for 50 Hz
and 60 Hz systems. If needed, this filter can be disabled to allow
a higher frequency signal to be detected or to limit the group delay
of the detection. If the voltage input fundamental frequency is
below 60 Hz, and a time delay in ZX detection is acceptable, it
is recommended that LPF1 be enabled. Enabling LPF1 limits the
variability in the ZX detection by eliminating the high frequency
components. Figure 51 shows how the zero-crossing signal is
generated.
The zero-crossing signal, ZX, is generated from the output of
LPF1 (bypassed or not). LPF1 has a single pole at 63.7 Hz (at
MCLK = 4.096 MHz). As a result, there is a phase lag between
detected on the voltage channel. The default power-on value in
this register is 0xFFF. If the internal register decrements to 0
before a zero crossing is detected in the Interrupt Status 3 SFR
(MIRQSTH, Address 0xDE), and the ZXTO bit (Bit 1) in the
Interrupt Enable 3 SFR (MIRQENH, Address 0xDB) is set, the
8052 core has a pending ADE interrupt.
The ADE interrupt stays active until the ZXTO status bit is
cleared (see the Energy Measurement Interrupts section). The
ZXTOUT register (Address 0x11) can be written to or read by
the user (see the Energy Measurement Registers section). The
resolution of the register is 160/MCLK seconds per LSB. Thus,
the maximum delay for an interrupt is 0.16 seconds (1/MCLK ×
212) when MCLK = 4.096 MHz.
Rev. 0 | Page 48 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Figure 52 shows the mechanism of the zero-crossing timeout
detection when the line voltage stays at a fixed dc level for more
than MCLK/160 × ZXTOUT seconds.
VOLTAGE CHANNEL
FULL SCALE
SAGLVL[15:0]
12-BIT INTERNAL
REGISTER VALUE
ZXTOUT
SAGCYC[7:0] = 0x04
3 LINE CYCLES
07411-033
SAG FLAG
SAG IS RESET LOW
WHEN VOLTAGE
CHANNEL EXCEEDS
SAGLVL[15:0] AND
SAG FLAG IS RESET
VOLTAGE
CHANNEL
ZXTO
FLAG
BIT
07411-032
Figure 53. SAG Detection
Figure 52. Zero-Crossing Timeout Detection
Period or Frequency Measurements
The ADE5166/ADE5169 provide the period or frequency measurement of the line. The period or frequency measurement is selected
by clearing or setting the FREQSEL bit (Bit 1) in the MODE2 register (Address 0x0C). The period/frequency register, PER_FREQ
(Address 0x0A), is an unsigned 16-bit register that is updated
every period. If LPF1 is enabled, a settling time of 1.8 sec is
associated with this filter before the measurement is stable.
When the period measurement is selected, the measurement has a
2.44 μs/LSB (4.096 MHz/10) resolution, which represents 0.014%
when the line frequency is 60 Hz. When the line frequency is
60 Hz, the value of the period register is approximately 0d6827.
The length of the register enables the measurement of line frequencies as low as 12.5 Hz. The period register is stable at ±1 LSB
when the line is established, and the measurement does not change.
When the frequency measurement is selected, the measurement
has a 0.0625 Hz/LSB resolution when MCLK = 4.096 MHz, which
represents 0.104% when the line frequency is 60 Hz. When the
line frequency is 60 Hz, the value of the frequency register is 0d960.
The frequency register is stable at ±4 LSB when the line is established, and the measurement does not change.
Figure 53 shows the line voltage falling below a threshold that
is set in the SAG level register (SAGLVL[15:0], Address 0x14)
for three line cycles. The quantities 0 and 1 are not valid for the
SAGCYC register, and the contents represent one more than the
desired number of full line cycles. For example, when the SAG
cycle (SAGCYC[7:0], Address 0x13) contains 0x04, FSAG (Bit 5) in
the power management interrupt flag SFR (IPSMF, Address 0xF8)
is set at the end of the third line cycle after the line voltage falls
below the threshold. If the SAG enable bit (ESAG, Bit 5) in the
power management interrupt enable SFR (IPSME, Address 0xEC)
is set, the 8052 core has a pending power supply management
interrupt. The PSM interrupt stays active until the ESAG bit is
cleared (see the Power Supply Management (PSM) Interrupt
section).
In Figure 53, the SAG flag (FSAG) is set on the fifth line cycle
after the signal on the voltage channel first dropped below the
threshold level.
SAG Level Set
The 2-byte contents of the SAG level register (SAGLVL,
Address 0x14) are compared to the absolute value of the output
from LPF1. Therefore, when LPF1 is enabled, writing 0x2038 to the
SAG level register puts the SAG detection level at full scale (see
Figure 53). Writing 0x00 or 0x01 puts the SAG detection level
at 0. The SAG level register is compared to the input of the ZX
detection, and detection is made when the ZX input falls below the
contents of the SAG level register.
Line Voltage SAG Detection
In addition to detection of the loss of the line voltage signal
(zero crossing), the ADE5166/ADE5169 can also be programmed
to detect when the absolute value of the line voltage drops
below a certain peak value for a number of line cycles. This
condition is illustrated in Figure 53.
Rev. 0 | Page 49 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Peak Detection
The ADE5166/ADE5169 can also be programmed to detect when
the absolute value of the voltage or current channel exceeds a
specified peak value. Figure 54 illustrates the behavior of the
peak detection for the voltage channel. Both voltage and current
channels are monitored at the same time.
V2
from the corresponding channel is above the value stored in the
IPEAK or VPEAK register. The contents of the VPEAK register
correspond to the maximum absolute value observed on the
voltage channel input. The contents of IPEAK and VPEAK
represent the maximum absolute value observed on the current
and voltage input, respectively. Reading the RSTIPEAK
(Address 0x18) and RSTVPEAK (Address 0x17) registers clears
their respective contents after the read operation.
VPKLVL[15:0]
PHASE COMPENSATION
PKV RESET
LOW WHEN
MIRQSTH SFR
IS READ
07411-034
PKV INTERRUPT
FLAG
RESET BIT PKV
IN MIRQSTH SFR
Figure 54. Peak Level Detection
Figure 54 shows a line voltage exceeding a threshold that is set
in the voltage peak register (VPKLVL[15:0], Address 0x16). The
voltage peak event is recorded by setting the PKV flag in the
Interrupt Status 3 SFR (MIRQSTH, Address 0xDE). If the PKV
enable bit (Bit 3) is set in the Interrupt Enable 3 SFR (MIRQENH,
Address 0xDB), the 8052 core has a pending ADE interrupt.
Similarly, the current peak event is recorded by setting the PKI flag
(Bit 4) in Interrupt Status 3 SFR (MIRQSTH, Address 0xDE). The
ADE interrupt stays active until the PKV or PKI status bit is cleared
(see the Energy Measurement Interrupts section).
Peak Level Set
The contents of the VPKLVL (Address 0x16) and IPKLVL
(Address 0x15) registers are compared to the absolute value of the
voltage and 2 MSBs of the current channel, respectively. Thus,
for example, the nominal maximum code from the current channel
ADC with a full-scale signal is 0x28F5C2 (see the Current Channel
ADC section). Therefore, writing 0x28F5 to the IPKLVL register
puts the current channel, peak detection level at full scale and
sets the current peak detection to its least sensitive value. Writing
0x00 puts the current channel detection level at 0. The detection
is done by comparing the contents of the IPKLVL register to the
incoming current channel sample. The PKI flag indicates that
the peak level is exceeded. If the PKI or PKV bit is set in the
Interrupt Enable 3 SFR (MIRQENH, Address 0xDB), the 8052
core has a pending ADE interrupt.
Peak Level Record
The ADE5166/ADE5169 must work with transducers that can
have inherent phase errors. For example, a phase error of 0.1° to
0.3° is not uncommon for a current transformer (CT). These phase
errors can vary from part to part, and they must be corrected to
perform accurate power calculations. The errors associated with
phase mismatch are particularly noticeable at low power factors.
The ADE5166/ADE5169 provide a means of digitally calibrating
these small phase errors. The part allows a small time delay or
time advance to be introduced into the signal processing chain
to compensate for small phase errors. Because the compensation
is in time, this technique should be used only for small phase
errors in the range of 0.1° to 0.5°. Correcting large phase errors
using a time shift technique can introduce significant phase errors
at higher harmonics.
The phase calibration register (PHCAL[7:0], Address 0x10) is a
twos complement, signed, single-byte register that has values
ranging from 0x82 (−126d) to 0x68 (+104d).
The PHCAL register is centered at 0x40, meaning that writing
0x40 to the register gives 0 delay. By changing this register, the
time delay in the voltage channel signal path can change from
−231.93 μs to +48.83 μs (MCLK = 4.096 MHz). One LSB is equivalent to a 1.22 μs (4.096 MHz/5) time delay or advance. A line
frequency of 60 Hz gives a phase resolution of 0.026° at the
fundamental (that is, 360° × 1.22 μs × 60 Hz).
Figure 55 illustrates how the phase compensation is used to
remove a 0.1° phase lead in the current channel due to the
external transducer. To cancel the lead (0.1°) in the current
channel, a phase lead must also be introduced into the voltage
channel. The resolution of the phase adjustment allows the
introduction of a phase lead in increments of 0.026°. The phase
lead is achieved by introducing a time advance into the voltage
channel. A time advance of 4.88 μs is made by writing −4 (0x3C)
to the time delay block, thus reducing the amount of time delay
by 4.88 μs, or equivalently, a phase lead of approximately 0.1° at a
line frequency of 60 Hz (0x3C represents −4 because the register is
centered with 0 at 0x40).
Each ADE5166/ADE5169 records the maximum absolute value
reached by the current and voltage channels in two different
registers, IPEAK (Address 0x17) and VPEAK (Address 0x19),
respectively. Each register is a 24-bit unsigned register that is
updated each time the absolute value of the waveform sample
Rev. 0 | Page 50 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
IP/IPA
HPF
PGA1
I
This LPF has a −3 dB cutoff frequency of 2 Hz when MCLK =
4.096 MHz.
24
ADC 1
IN
LPF2
24
VP
1
PGA2
V
VN
7
0
1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1
V
0.1°
I
(2)
where V is the rms voltage.
CHANNEL 2 DELAY
REDUCED BY 4.48µs
(0.1°LEAD AT 60Hz)
0x0B IN PHCAL[7:0]
DELAY BLOCK
1.22µs/LSB
ADC 2
V (t ) = 2 × V sin(ωt )
V 2 (t ) = V 2 − V 2 cos(2ωt )
(3)
When this signal goes through LPF3, the cos(2ωt) term is attenuated and only the dc term, Vrms2 (shown as V2 in Figure 56), goes
through.
V
I
PHCAL[7:0]
–231.93µs TO +48.83µs
60Hz
60Hz
07411-035
V 2 (t ) = V 2 – V 2 cos(2ωt)
V (t ) = √2 × V sin(ωt )
LPF3
Figure 55. Phase Calibration
INPUT
V
The root mean square (rms) value of a continuous signal V(t) is
defined as
T
Vrms =
∫
1
× V 2 (t ) dt
T
(1)
0
For time sampling signals, rms calculation involves squaring the
signal, taking the average, and obtaining the square root. The
ADE5166/ADE5169 implement this method by serially squaring
the input, averaging them, and then taking the square root of
the average. The averaging part of this signal processing is done
by implementing a low-pass filter (LPF3 in Figure 56, Figure 57,
and Figure 58).
V 2 (t) = V 2
07411-036
RMS CALCULATION
Figure 56. RMS Signal Processing
The Irms signal can be read from the waveform register by setting the WAVMODE register (Address 0x0D) and setting the
WFSM bit (Bit 5) in the Interrupt Enable 3 SFR (MIRQENH,
Address 0xDB). Like the current and voltage channels waveform
sampling modes, the waveform data is available at sample rates of
25.6 kSPS, 12.8 kSPS, 6.4 kSPS, and 3.2 kSPS.
It is important to note that when the current input is larger than
40% of full scale, the Irms waveform sample register does not
represent the true processed rms value. The rms value processed
with this level of input is larger than the 24-bit read by the waveform register, making the value read truncated on the high end.
Rev. 0 | Page 51 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Current Channel RMS Calculation
accurate to within 0.5% for signal inputs between full scale and
full scale/500. The conversion from the register value to amps
must be done externally in the microprocessor using an amps/LSB
constant.
Each ADE5166/ADE5169 simultaneously calculates the rms values
for the current and voltage channels in different registers. Figure 57
shows the detail of the signal processing chain for the rms calculation on the current channel. The current channel rms value is
processed from the samples used in the current channel waveform
sampling mode and is stored in an unsigned 24-bit register (Irms).
One LSB of the current channel rms register is equivalent to 1 LSB
of a current channel waveform sample.
Current Channel RMS Offset Compensation
The ADE5166/ADE5169 incorporate a current channel rms offset
compensation register (IRMSOS). This is a 12-bit signed register
that can be used to remove offset in the current channel rms
calculation. An offset can exist in the rms calculation due to
input noises that are integrated into the dc component of V2(t).
The update rate of the current channel rms measurement is
4.096 MHz/5. To minimize noise in the reading of the register, the
Irms register can also be configured to update only with the zero
crossing of the voltage input. This configuration is done by setting
the ZXRMS bit (Bit 2) in the MODE2 register (Address 0x0C).
One LSB of the current channel rms offset is equivalent to
16,384 LSBs of the square of the current channel rms register.
Assuming that the maximum value from the current channel
rms calculation is 0d1,898,124 with full-scale ac inputs, then
1 LSB of the current channel rms offset represents 0.23% of
measurement error at −60 dB down from full scale.
With the different specified full-scale analog input values, the ADC
produces an output code that is approximately ±0d2,684,354 (see
the Current Channel ADC section). Similarly, the equivalent rms
value of a full-scale ac signal is 0d1,898,124 (0x1CF68C). The current rms measurement provided in the ADE5166/ ADE5169 is
60Hz
I rms = I rms 0 2 + IRMSOS × 32,768
(4)
where Irms0 is the rms measurement without offset correction.
CURRENT CHANNEL
WAVEFORM
DATA RANGE WITH
INTEGRATOR ON (60Hz)
0x2B7850
0x000000
0xD487B0
IRMSOS[11:0]
MODE1[5]
IPA
IPB
sgn 225 226 227
HPF
DIGITAL
INTEGRATOR*
Irms(t)
218 217 216
0x00
HPF1
LPF3
24
+
24
Irms[23:0]
dt
HPF
CURRENT CHANNEL
WAVEFORM
DATA RANGE WITH
INTEGRATOR OFF
IBGAIN
0x28F5C2
0x000000
0xD70A3E
07411-116
NOTES:
1. WHEN DIGITAL INTEGRATOR IS ENABLED, FULL-SCALE OUTPUT DATA IS ATTENUATED DEPENDING ON THE SIGNAL
FREQUENCY BECAUSE THE INTEGRATOR HAS A –20dB/DECADE FREQUENCY RESPONSE. WHEN DISABLED, THE
OUTPUT IS NOT FURTHER ATTENUATED.
Figure 57. Current Channel RMS Signal Processing with PGA1 = 2, 4, 8, or 16
VOLTAGE SIGNAL (V(t))
VRMSOS[11:0]
0x0
sgn 216 215
0xD70B
|X|
Vrmsx(t)
0x28F5C2
LPF3
LPF1
VOLTAGE CHANNEL
28 27 26
+
+
0x00
Vrmsx[23:0]
Figure 58. Voltage Channel RMS Signal Processing
Rev. 0 | Page 52 of 148
07411-038
0x28F5
ADE5166/ADE5169
Voltage Channel RMS Calculation
Figure 58 shows details of the signal processing chain for the
rms calculation on the voltage channel. This voltage rms estimation is done in the ADE5166/ADE5169 using the mean
absolute value calculation, as shown in Figure 58. The voltage
channel rms value is processed from the samples used in the
voltage channel waveform sampling mode and is stored in the
unsigned 24-bit Vrms register.
The update rate of the voltage channel rms measurement is
MCLK/5. To minimize noise in the reading of the register, the
Vrms register can also be configured to update only with the zero
crossing of the voltage input. This configuration is done by setting
the ZXRMS bit (Bit 2) in the MODE2 register (Address 0x0C).
With the specified full-scale ac analog input signal of 0.5 V, the
output from the LPF1 in Figure 58 swings between 0x28F5 and
0xD70B at 60 Hz (see the Voltage Channel ADC section). The
equivalent rms value of this full-scale ac signal is approximately
0d1,898,124 (0x1CF68C) in the Vrms register. The voltage rms
measurement provided in the ADE5166/ADE5169 is accurate to
within ±0.5% for signal input between full scale and full scale/20.
The conversion from the register value to volts must be done
externally in the microprocessor using a V/LSB constant.
Voltage Channel RMS Offset Compensation
The average power over an integral number of line cycles (n) is
given by the expression in Equation 9.
P=
nT
∫0
p(t )dt = VI
(9)
where:
T is the line cycle period.
P is referred to as the active or real power.
Note that the active power is equal to the dc component of the
instantaneous power signal p(t) in Equation 9, that is, VI. This
is the relationship used to calculate active power in the ADE5166/
ADE5169. The instantaneous power signal p(t) is generated by
multiplying the current and voltage signals. The dc component of
the instantaneous power signal is then extracted by LPF2 (low-pass
filter) to obtain the active power information (see Figure 59).
INSTANTANEOUS
POWER SIGNAL
p(t) = v × i – v × i × cos(2ωt)
0x19999A
ACTIVE REAL POWER
SIGNAL = v × i
VI
0xCCCCD
0x00000
Vrms = Vrms0 + 64 × VRMSOS
(5)
where Vrms0 is the rms measurement without offset correction.
CURRENT
i(t) = √2 × i × sin(ωt)
07411-039
The ADE5166/ADE5169 incorporate a voltage channel rms
offset compensation register (VRMSOS). This is a 12-bit signed
register that can be used to remove offset in the voltage channel
rms calculation. An offset can exist in the rms calculation due
to input noises and dc offset in the input samples. One LSB of
the voltage channel rms offset is equivalent to 64 LSBs of the
rms register. Assuming that the maximum value from the
voltage channel rms calculation is 0d1,898,124 with full-scale ac
inputs, then 1 LSB of the voltage channel rms offset represents
3.37% of measurement error at −60 dB down of full scale.
VOLTAGE
v(t) = √2 × v × sin(ωt)
Figure 59. Active Power Calculation
Because LPF2 does not have an ideal brick wall frequency response
(see Figure 60), the active power signal has some ripple due to
the instantaneous power signal. This ripple is sinusoidal and has
a frequency equal to twice the line frequency. Because of its
sinusoidal nature, the ripple is removed when the active power
signal is integrated to calculate energy (see the Active Energy
Calculation section).
0
ACTIVE POWER CALCULATION
(6)
i (t ) = 2 × I sin(ωt )
(7)
where:
v is the rms voltage.
i is the rms current.
–8
–12
–16
–20
–24
1
3
10
FREQUENCY (Hz)
30
Figure 60. Frequency Response of LPF2
p (t ) = v (t ) × i (t )
(8)
Rev. 0 | Page 53 of 148
100
07411-040
v (t ) = 2 × V sin(ωt )
–4
ATTENUATION (dB)
Active power is defined as the rate of energy flow from source
to load. It is the product of the voltage and current waveforms.
The resulting waveform is called the instantaneous power signal
and is equal to the rate of energy flow at every instant of time.
The unit of power is the watt or joules/second. Equation 8 gives an
expression for the instantaneous power signal in an ac system.
p(t ) = VI − VI cos(2ωt )
1
nT
ADE5166/ADE5169
Active Power Gain Calibration
Active Power Sign Detection
Figure 61 shows the signal processing chain for the active power
calculation in the ADE5166/ADE5169. As explained previously,
the active power is calculated by filtering the output of the multiplier with a low-pass filter. Note that, when reading the waveform
samples from the output of LPF2, the gain of the active energy
can be adjusted by using the multiplier and watt gain register
(WGAIN[11:0], Address 0x1D). The gain is adjusted by writing
a twos complement 12-bit word to the watt gain register.
Equation 10 shows how the gain adjustment is related to the
contents of the watt gain register.
The ADE5166/ADE5169 can detect a change of sign in the active
power. The APSIGN flag (Bit 3) in the Interrupt Status 1 SFR
(MIRQSTL, Address 0xDC) records when a change of sign has
occurred according to the APSIGN bit (Bit 4) in the ACCMODE
register (Address 0x0F). If the APSIGN flag (Bit 3)is set in the
Interrupt Enable 1 SFR (MIRQENL, Address 0xD9), the 8052 core
has a pending ADE interrupt. The ADE interrupt stays active until
the APSIGN status bit is cleared (see the Energy Measurement
Interrupts section).
⎛
⎧ WGAIN ⎫ ⎞
Output WGAIN = ⎜⎜ Active Power × ⎨1 +
⎬ ⎟⎟
212 ⎭ ⎠
⎩
⎝
(10)
For example, when 0x7FF is written to the watt gain register, the
power output is scaled up by 50% (0x7FF = 2047d, 2047/212 = 0.5).
Similarly, 0x800 = −2048d (signed, twos complement) and power
output is scaled by –50%. Each LSB scales the power output by
0.0244%. The minimum output range is given when the watt gain
register contents are equal to 0x800, and the maximum range is
given by writing 0x7FF to the watt gain register. This can be used
to calibrate the active power (or energy) calculation in the
ADE5166/ADE5169.
Active Power Offset Calibration
The ADE5166/ADE5169 also incorporate an active power offset
register (WATTOS[15:0], Address 0x20). It is a signed, twos complement, 16-bit register that can be used to remove offsets in the
active power calculation (see Figure 59). An offset can exist in the
power calculation due to crosstalk between channels on the PCB
or in the IC itself. The offset calibration allows the contents of the
active power register to be maintained at 0 when no power is being
consumed.
The 256 LSBs (WATTOS = 0x0100) written to the active power
offset register are equivalent to 1 LSB in the waveform sample
register. Assuming the average value, output from LPF2 is
0xCCCCD (838,861d) when inputs on the voltage and current
channels are both at full scale. At −60 dB down on the current
channel (1/1000 of the current channel full-scale input), the
average word value output from LPF2 is 838.861 (838,861/1000).
One LSB in the LPF2 output has a measurement error of
1/838.861 × 100% = 0.119% of the average value. The active
power offset register has a resolution equal to 1/256 LSB of
the waveform register. Therefore, the power offset correction
resolution is 0.000464%/LSB (0.119%/256) at −60 dB.
When APSIGN (Bit 4) in the ACCMODE register (Address 0x0F)
is cleared (default), the APSIGN flag (Bit 3) in the Interrupt
Status 1 SFR (MIRQSTL, Address 0xDC) is set when a transition
from positive to negative active power occurs.
When the APSIGN bit (Bit 4) in the ACCMODE register
(Address 0x0F) is set, the APSIGN flag (Bit 3) in the MIRQSTL
SFR (Address 0xDC) is set when a transition from negative to
positive active power occurs.
Active Power No Load Detection
The ADE5166/ADE5169 include a no load threshold feature on
the active energy that eliminates any creep effects in the meter.
The part accomplishes this by not accumulating energy if the
multiplier output is below the no load threshold. When the active
power is below the no load threshold, the APNOLOAD flag (Bit 0)
in the Interrupt Status 1 SFR (MIRQSTL, Address 0xDC) is set.
If the APNOLOAD bit (Bit 0) is set in the Interrupt Enable 1 SFR
(MIRQENL, Address 0xD9), the 8052 core has a pending ADE
interrupt. The ADE interrupt stays active until the APNOLOAD
status bit is cleared (see the Energy Measurement Interrupts
section).
The no load threshold level is selectable by setting the
APNOLOAD bits (Bits[1:0]) in the NLMODE register
(Address 0x0E). Setting these bits to 0b00 disables the no load
detection, and setting them to 0b01, 0b10, or 0b11 sets the no load
detection threshold to 0.015%, 0.0075%, or 0.0037% of the multiplier full-scale output frequency, respectively. The IEC 62053-21
specification states that the meter must start up with a load of
≤0.4% IPB, which translates to 0.0167% of the full-scale output
frequency of the multiplier.
Rev. 0 | Page 54 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
The active energy accumulation depends on the setting of
POAM (Bit 1) and ABSAM (Bit 0) in the ACCMODE register
(Address 0x0F). When both bits are cleared, the addition is signed
and, therefore, negative energy is subtracted from the active
energy contents. When both bits are set, the ADE5166/ADE5169
are set to be in the more restrictive mode, the positive-only
accumulation mode.
ACTIVE ENERGY CALCULATION
As stated in the Active Power Calculation section, power is
defined as the rate of energy flow. This relationship can be
expressed mathematically, as shown in Equation 11.
P=
dE
dt
(11)
where:
P is power.
E is energy.
When POAM (Bit 1) in the ACCMODE register (Address 0x0F)
is set, only positive power contributes to the active energy accumulation. When ABSAM (Bit 0) in the ACCMODE register
(Address 0x0F) is set, the absolute active power is used for the
active energy accumulation (see the Watt-Absolute Accumulation
Mode section).
Conversely, energy is given as the integral of power.
E = ∫ P (t )dt
(12)
The ADE5166/ADE5169 achieve the integration of the active
power signal by continuously accumulating the active power signal
in an internal, nonreadable, 49-bit energy register. The register
(WATTHR[23:0], Address 0x01) represents the upper 24 bits
of this internal register. This discrete time accumulation or
summation is equivalent to integration in continuous time.
Equation 13 expresses the relationship.
⎫
⎧∞
E = ∫ p(t )dt = lim ⎨ ∑ p(nT ) × T ⎬
t → 0 n =1
⎭
⎩
The output of the multiplier is divided by the value in the WDIV
register (Address 0x24). If the value in the WDIV register is equal
to 0, the internal active energy register is divided by 1. WDIV is an
8-bit, unsigned register. After dividing by WDIV, the active energy
is accumulated in a 49-bit internal energy accumulation register.
The upper 24 bits of this register are accessible through a read
to the active energy register (WATTHR[23:0], Address 0x01).
A read to the RWATTHR register (Address 0x02) returns the
contents of the WATTHR register, and the upper 24 bits of the
internal register are cleared. As shown in Figure 61, the active
power signal is accumulated in an internal 49-bit signed register.
The active power signal can be read from the waveform register
by setting the WAVMODE register (Address 0x0D) and setting
the WFSM bit (Bit 5) in the Interrupt Enable 3 SFR (MIRQENH,
Address 0xDB). Like the current and voltage channels waveform
sampling modes, the waveform data is available at sample rates of
25.6 kSPS, 12.8 kSPS, 6.4 kSPS, and 3.2 kSPS.
(13)
where:
n is the discrete time sample number.
T is the sample period.
The discrete time sample period (T) for the accumulation
register in the ADE5166/ADE5169 is 1.22 μs (5/MCLK). In
addition to calculating the energy, this integration removes any
sinusoidal components that may be in the active power signal.
Figure 61 shows this discrete time integration or accumulation.
The active power signal in the waveform register is continuously
added to the internal active energy register.
FOR WAVEFORM
SAMPLING
23
WATTHR[23:0]
UPPER 24 BITS ARE
ACCESSIBLE THROUGH
WATTHR[23:0] REGISTER
0
WATTOS[15:0]
sgn 26 25
CURRENT
CHANNEL
LPF2
+
2–6 2–7 2–8
WDIV[7:0]
+
%
+
48
0
+
VOLTAGE
CHANNEL
WGAIN[11:0]
OUTPUTS FROM THE LPF2 ARE
ACCUMULATED (INTEGRATED) IN
THE INTERNAL ACTIVE ENERGY REGISTER
ACTIVE POWER
SIGNAL
WAVEFORM
REGISTER
VALUES
07411-041
5
MCLK
OUTPUT LPF2
T
TO
DIGITAL-TO-FREQUENCY
CONVERTER
TIME (nT)
Figure 61. Active Energy Calculation
Rev. 0 | Page 55 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Figure 62 shows this energy accumulation for full-scale signals
(sinusoidal) on the analog inputs. The three displayed curves
illustrate the minimum period of time it takes the energy register
to roll over when the active power gain register contents are
0x7FF, 0x000, and 0x800. The watt gain register is used to carry
out power calibration in the ADE5166/ADE5169. As shown, the
fastest integration time occurs when the watt gain register is set to
maximum full scale, that is, 0x7FF.
WATTHR[23:0]
0x7F,FFFF
3.41
6.82
10.2
13.7
(15)
Active Energy Accumulation Modes
Watt-Signed Accumulation Mode
The ADE5166/ADE5169 active energy default accumulation
mode is a watt-signed accumulation based on the active power
information.
The ADE5166/ADE5169 are placed in watt positive-only accumulation mode by setting the POAM bit (Bit 1) in the ACCMODE
register (Address 0x0F). In this mode, the energy accumulation
is done only for positive power, ignoring any occurrence of
negative power above or below the no load threshold (see
Figure 63). The CF pulse also reflects this accumulation method
when in this mode. The default setting for this mode is off.
Detection of the transitions in the direction of power flow and
detection of no load threshold are active in this mode.
TIME (Minutes)
07411-042
0x40,0000
0x80,0000
Time = TimeWDIV = 0 × WDIV
Watt Positive-Only Accumulation Mode
WGAIN = 0x7FF
WGAIN = 0x000
WGAIN = 0x800
0x3F,FFFF
0x00,0000
When WDIV is set to a value other than 0, the integration time
varies, as shown in Equation 15.
Figure 62. Energy Register Rollover Time for Full-Scale Power
(Minimum and Maximum Power Gain)
Note that the energy register contents roll over to full-scale negative
(0x800000) and continue to increase in value when the power or
energy flow is positive (see Figure 62). Conversely, if the power is
negative, the energy register underflows to full-scale positive
(0x7FFFFF) and continues to decrease in value.
ACTIVE ENERGY
NO LOAD
THRESHOLD
Using the interrupt enable register (MIRQENM, Address 0xDA),
the ADE5166/ADE5169 can be configured to issue an ADE
interrupt to the 8052 core when the active energy register is half
full (positive or negative) or when an overflow or underflow
occurs.
ACTIVE POWER
NO LOAD
THRESHOLD
POS
As mentioned in the Active Energy Calculation section, the
discrete time sample period (T) for the accumulation register
is 1.22 μs (5/MCLK). With full-scale sinusoidal signals on the
analog inputs and the WGAIN register (Address 0x1D) set to
0x000, the average word value from each LPF2 is 0xCCCCD
(see Figure 59). The maximum positive value that can be stored in
the internal 49-bit register is 248 (or 0xFFFF,FFFF,FFFF) before it
overflows. The integration time under these conditions when
WDIV = 0 is calculated in the following equation:
Time =
0 xFFFF, FFFF, FFFF
× 1.22 μs = 409.6 sec = 6.82 min
0 xCCCCD
(14)
NEG
POS
INTERRUPT STATUS REGISTERS
07411-043
APSIGN FLAG
Integration Time Under Steady Load: Active Energy
Figure 63. Energy Accumulation in Positive-Only Accumulation Mode
Watt-Absolute Accumulation Mode
The ADE5166/ADE5169 are placed in watt-absolute accumulation
mode by setting the ABSAM bit (Bit 0) in the ACCMODE register
(Address 0x0F). In this mode, the energy accumulation is done
using the absolute active power, ignoring any occurrence of power
below the no load threshold (see Figure 64). The CF pulse also
reflects this accumulation method when in this mode. The default
setting for this mode is off. Detection of the transitions in the
direction of power flow and detection of no load threshold are
active in this mode.
Rev. 0 | Page 56 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Line Cycle Active Energy Accumulation Mode
In line cycle active energy accumulation mode, the energy accumulation of the ADE5166/ADE5169 can be synchronized to the
voltage channel zero crossing so that active energy can be
accumulated over an integral number of half-line cycles. The
advantage of summing the active energy over an integer number
of line cycles is that the sinusoidal component in the active energy
is reduced to 0. This eliminates any ripple in the energy calculation.
Energy is calculated more accurately and more quickly because
the integration period can be shortened. By using this mode,
the energy calibration can be greatly simplified, and the time
required to calibrate the meter can be significantly reduced.
ACTIVE ENERGY
NO LOAD
THRESHOLD
ACTIVE POWER
NO LOAD
THRESHOLD
In the line cycle active energy accumulation mode, the ADE5166/
ADE5169 accumulate the active power signal in the LWATTHR
register (Address 0x03) for an integral number of line cycles, as
shown in Figure 65. The number of half-line cycles is specified in
the LINCYC register (Address 0x12).
APNOLOAD
POS
NEG
POS
APNOLOAD
INTERRUPT STATUS REGISTERS
07411-044
APSIGN FLAG
The ADE5166/ADE5169 can accumulate active power for up to
65,535 half-line cycles. Because the active power is integrated
on an integral number of line cycles, the CYCEND flag (Bit 2) in
the Interrupt Status 3 SFR (MIRQSTH, Address 0xDE) is set at the
end of an active energy accumulation line cycle. If the CYCEND
enable bit (Bit 2) in the Interrupt Enable 3 SFR (MIRQENH,
Address 0xDB) is set, the 8052 core has a pending ADE interrupt.
The ADE interrupt stays active until the CYCEND status bit is
cleared (see the Energy Measurement Interrupts section). Another
calibration cycle starts as soon as the CYCEND flag is set. If the
LWATTHR register (Address 0x03) is not read before a new
CYCEND flag is set, the LWATTHR register is overwritten by
a new value.
Figure 64. Energy Accumulation in Absolute Accumulation Mode
Active Energy Pulse Output
All of the ADE5166/ADE5169 circuitry has a pulse output whose
frequency is proportional to active power (see the Active Power
Calculation section). This pulse frequency output uses the
calibrated signal from the WGAIN register (Address 0x1D)
output, and its behavior is consistent with the setting of the
active energy accumulation mode in the ACCMODE register
(Address 0x0F). The pulse output is active low and should
preferably be connected to an LED, as shown in Figure 75.
TO
DIGITAL-TO-FREQUENCY
CONVERTER
WGAIN[11:0]
OUTPUT
FROM
LPF2
+
%
0
WDIV[7:0]
23
LPF1
FROM VOLTAGE
CHANNEL
ADC
48
ZERO-CROSSING
DETECTION
CALIBRATION
CONTROL
0
LWATTHR[23:0]
LINCYC[15:0]
Figure 65. Line Cycle Active Energy Accumulation
Rev. 0 | Page 57 of 148
ACCUMULATE
ACTIVE ENERGY IN
INTERNAL REGISTER
AND UPDATE THE
LWATTHR REGISTER
AT THE END OF LINCYC
HALF-LINE CYCLES
07411-046
WATTOS[15:0]
+
ADE5166/ADE5169
When a new half-line cycle is written in the LINCYC register
(Address 0x12), the LWATTHR register (Address 0x03) is reset,
and a new accumulation starts at the next zero crossing. The
number of half-line cycles is then counted until LINCYC is
reached. This implementation provides a valid measurement at
the first CYCEND interrupt after writing to the LINCYC register
(see Figure 66). The line active energy accumulation uses the
same signal path as the active energy accumulation. The LSB
size of these two registers is equivalent.
v(t ) = 2 V sin(ωt + θ )
i(t ) = 2 I sin(ωt )
π
i ′(t ) = 2 I sin⎛⎜ ωt + ⎞⎟
2⎠
⎝
q(t) = v(t) × i’(t)
The average reactive power over an integral number of lines (n)
is given in Equation 22.
Q=
07411-045
LINCYC
VALUE
Figure 66. Energy Accumulation When LINCYC Changes
1
nT
nT
∫ q(t )dt = VI sin(θ)
(22)
0
where:
T is the line cycle period.
q is referred to as the reactive power.
Using the information from Equation 8 and Equation 9
(16)
Note that the reactive power is equal to the dc component of
the instantaneous reactive power signal, q(t), in Equation 21.
The instantaneous reactive power signal, q(t), is generated by
multiplying the voltage and current channels. In this case, the
phase of the current channel is shifted by 90°. The dc component of
the instantaneous reactive power signal is then extracted by a
low-pass filter to obtain the reactive power information (see
Figure 67).
where:
n is an integer.
T is the line cycle period.
Because the sinusoidal component is integrated over an integer
number of line cycles, its value is always 0. Therefore,
nT
(17)
0
E(t) = VInT
(21)
q(t) = VI sin (θ) + VI sin(2ωt + θ)
CYCEND IRQ
E = ∫ VIdt + 0
(20)
where:
θ is the phase difference between the voltage and current channel.
v is the rms voltage.
i is the rms current.
LWATTHR REGISTER
⎧
⎫
⎪
⎪
nT
⎪
⎪nT
VI
E (t ) = ∫ VIdt − ⎨
cos(2πft )dt
2 ⎬∫
0
⎪
⎛ f ⎞ ⎪0
⎟ ⎪
⎪ 1+ ⎜
⎝ 8.9 ⎠ ⎭
⎩
(19)
(18)
Note that in this mode, the 16-bit LINCYC register can hold
a maximum value of 65,535. In other words, the line energy
accumulation mode can be used to accumulate active energy
for a maximum duration of over 65,535 half-line cycles. At
a 60 Hz line frequency, it translates to a total duration of
65,535/120 Hz = 546 sec.
REACTIVE POWER CALCULATION (ADE5169)
Reactive power, a function available for the ADE5169, is defined
as the product of the voltage and current waveforms when one of
these signals is phase-shifted by 90°. The resulting waveform is
called the instantaneous reactive power signal. Equation 21 gives
an expression for the instantaneous reactive power signal in an
ac system when the phase of the current channel is shifted by 90°.
In addition, the phase-shifting filter has a nonunity magnitude
response. Because the phase-shifted filter has a large attenuation
at high frequency, the reactive power is primarily for calculation
at line frequency. The effect of harmonics is largely ignored in
the reactive power calculation. Note that, because of the magnitude
characteristic of the phase shifting filter, the weight of the reactive
power is slightly different from the active power calculation
(see the Energy Register Scaling section).
The frequency response of the LPF in the reactive signal path is
identical to the one used for LPF2 in the average active power
calculation. Because LPF2 does not have an ideal brick wall
frequency response (see Figure 60), the reactive power signal
has some ripple due to the instantaneous reactive power signal.
This ripple is sinusoidal and has a frequency equal to twice the
line frequency. Because the ripple is sinusoidal in nature, it is
removed when the reactive power signal is integrated to
calculate energy.
The reactive power signal can be read from the waveform register
by setting the WAVMODE register (Address 0x0D) and the
WFSM bit (Bit 5) in the Interrupt Enable 3 SFR (MIRQENH,
Address 0xDB). Like the current and voltage channels waveform
sampling modes, the waveform data is available at sample rates
of 25.6 kSPS, 12.8 kSPS, 6.4 kSPS, and 3.2 kSPS.
Rev. 0 | Page 58 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Reactive Power Gain Calibration
Sign of Reactive Power Calculation
Figure 67 shows the signal processing chain for the ADE5169
reactive power calculation. As explained in the Reactive Power
Calculation (ADE5169) section, the reactive power is calculated by
applying a low-pass filter to the instantaneous reactive power
signal. Note that, when reading the waveform samples from the
output of LPF2, the gain of the reactive energy can be adjusted by
using the multiplier and by writing a twos complement, 12-bit
word to the var gain register (VARGAIN[11:0], Address 0x1E).
Equation 23 shows how the gain adjustment is related to the
contents of the var gain register.
Note that the average reactive power is a signed calculation.
The phase shift filter has −90° phase shift when the integrator
is enabled and +90° phase shift when the integrator is disabled.
Table 46 summarizes the relationship of the phase difference
between the voltage and the current and the sign of the resulting
var calculation.
Table 46. Sign of Reactive Power Calculation
Angle
Between 0° to +90°
Between –90° to 0°
Between 0° to +90°
Between –90° to 0°
Output VARGAIN =
⎛
⎧ VARGAIN ⎫ ⎞
⎜ Reactive Power × ⎨1 +
⎬⎟
212
⎩
⎭⎠
⎝
(23)
The ADE5169 detects a change of sign in the reactive power.
The VARSIGN flag (Bit 4) in the Interrupt Status 1 SFR
(MIRQSTL, Address 0xDC) records when a change of sign has
occurred according to the VARSIGN bit (Bit 5) in the ACCMODE
register (Address 0x0F). If the VARSIGN bit is set in the Interrupt
Enable 1 SFR (MIRQENL, Address 0xD9), the 8052 core has a
pending ADE interrupt. The ADE interrupt stays active until the
VARSIGN status bit is cleared (see the Energy Measurement
Interrupts section).
Reactive Power Offset Calibration
The ADE5169 also incorporates a reactive power offset register
(VAROS[15:0] (Address 0x21). This is a signed, twos complement,
16-bit register that can be used to remove offsets in the reactive
power calculation (see Figure 67). An offset can exist in the reactive
power calculation due to crosstalk between channels on the PCB
or in the IC itself. The offset calibration allows the contents of
the reactive power register to be maintained at 0 when no power
is being consumed.
When the VARSIGN bit (Bit 5) in the ACCMODE register
(Address 0x0F) is cleared (default), the VARSIGN flag (Bit 4)
in the Interrupt Status 1 SFR (MIRQSTL, Address 0xDC) is set
when a transition from positive to negative reactive power occurs.
The 256 LSBs (VAROS = 0x100) written to the reactive power
offset register are equivalent to 1 LSB in the WAVMODE register
(Address 0x0D).
When VARSIGN in the ACCMODE register (Address 0x0F) is
set, the VARSIGN flag in the Interrupt Status 1 SFR (MIRQSTL,
Address 0xDC) is set when a transition from negative to positive
reactive power occurs.
FOR WAVEFORM
SAMPLING
UPPER 24 BITS ARE
ACCESSIBLE THROUGH
VARHR[23:0] REGISTER
0
VAROS[15:0]
90° PHASE
SHIFTING FILTER
sgn 26 25
2
LPF2
+
2–6 2–7 2–8
VARDIV[7:0]
+
%
+
48
0
+
PHCAL[7:0]
VARGAIN[11:0]
REACTIVE POWER
SIGNAL
TO
DIGITAL-TO-FREQUENCY
CONVERTER
T
5
MCLK
OUTPUTS FROM THE LPF2 ARE
ACCUMULATED (INTEGRATED) IN
THE INTERNAL REACTIVE ENERGY
REGISTER
WAVEFORM
REGISTER
VALUES
OUTPUT LPF2
VOLTAGE
CHANNEL
23
VARHR[23:0 ]
07411-047
HPF
Sign
Positive
Negative
Positive
Negative
Reactive Power Sign Detection
The resolution of the VARGAIN register is the same as the
WGAIN register (see the Active Power Gain Calibration section).
VARGAIN can be used to calibrate the reactive power (or energy)
calculation in the ADE5169.
CURRENT
CHANNEL
Integrator
Off
Off
On
On
TIME (nT)
Figure 67. Reactive Energy Calculation
Rev. 0 | Page 59 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Reactive Power No Load Detection
The ADE5169 includes a no load threshold feature on the reactive
energy that eliminates any creep effects in the meter. The ADE5169
accomplishes this by not accumulating reactive energy when
the multiplier output is below the no load threshold. When the
reactive power is below the no load threshold, the RNOLOAD flag
(Bit 1) in the Interrupt Status 1 SFR (MIRQSTL, Address 0xDC)
is set. If the RNOLOAD bit (Bit 1) is set in the Interrupt Enable 1
SFR (MIRQENL, Address 0xD9), the 8052 core has a pending ADE
interrupt. The ADE interrupt stays active until the RNOLOAD
status bit is cleared (see the Energy Measurement Interrupts
section).
The no load threshold level can be selected by setting the
VARNOLOAD bits (Bits[3:2])in the NLMODE register, located
at Address 0x0E. Setting these bits to 0b00 disables the no load
detection, and setting them to 0b01, 0b10, or 0b11 sets the no
load detection threshold to 0.015%, 0.0075%, and 0.0037% of
the full-scale output frequency of the multiplier, respectively.
REACTIVE ENERGY CALCULATION (ADE5169)
As for active energy, the ADE5169 achieves the integration of the
reactive power signal by continuously accumulating the reactive
power signal in an internal, nonreadable, 49-bit energy register. The
reactive energy register (VARHR[23:0], Address 0x04) represents
the upper 24 bits of this internal register. The VARHR register
and its function are available for the ADE5169.
The discrete time sample period (T) for the accumulation register
in the ADE5169 is 1.22 μs (5/MCLK). As well as calculating the
energy, this integration removes any sinusoidal components
that may be in the active power signal. Figure 67 shows this
discrete time integration or accumulation. The reactive power
signal in the waveform register is continuously added to the
internal reactive energy register.
The reactive energy accumulation depends on the setting of the
SAVARM and ABSVARM bits in the ACCMODE register
(Address 0x0F). When both bits are cleared, the addition is
signed and, therefore, negative energy is subtracted from the
reactive energy contents. When both bits are set, the ADE5169
is set to be in the more restrictive mode, which is the absolute
accumulation mode.
When the SAVARM bit (Bit 2) in the ACCMODE register
(Address 0x0F) is set, the reactive power is accumulated
depending on the sign of the active power. When active power
is positive, the reactive power is added as it is to the reactive energy
register. When active power is negative, the reactive power is
subtracted from the reactive energy accumulator (see the Var
Antitamper Accumulation Mode section).
When the ABSVARM bit (Bit 3) in the ACCMODE register
(Address 0x0F) is set, the absolute reactive power is used for the
reactive energy accumulation (see the Var Absolute Accumulation
Mode section).
The output of the multiplier is divided by VARDIV. If the value
in the VARDIV register (Address 0x25) is equal to 0, the internal
reactive energy register is divided by 1. VARDIV is an 8-bit,
unsigned register. After dividing by VARDIV, the reactive energy is
accumulated in a 49-bit internal energy accumulation register.
The upper 24 bits of this register are accessible through a read to
the reactive energy register (VARHR[23:0], Address 0x04). A read
to the RVAHR register (Address 0x08) returns the content of
the VARHR register, and the upper 24 bits of the internal register
are cleared.
As shown in Figure 67, the reactive power signal is accumulated
in an internal 49-bit, signed register. The reactive power signal
can be read from the waveform register by setting the WAVMODE
register (Address 0x0D) and setting the WFSM bit (Bit 5) in the
Interrupt Enable 3 SFR (MIRQENH, Address 0xDB). Like the
current and voltage channel waveform sampling modes, the
waveform data is available at sample rates of 25.6 kSPS, 12.8
kSPS, 6.4 kSPS, and 3.2 kSPS.
Figure 62 shows this energy accumulation for full-scale signals
(sinusoidal) on the analog inputs. These curves also apply for
the reactive energy accumulation.
Note that the energy register contents roll over to full-scale
negative (0x800000) and continue to increase in value when
the power or energy flow is positive. Conversely, if the power is
negative, the energy register underflows to full-scale positive
(0x7FFFFF) and continues to decrease in value.
Using the interrupt enable register (MIRQENM, Address 0xDA),
the ADE5169 can be configured to issue an ADE interrupt to
the 8052 core when the reactive energy register is half-full
(positive or negative) or when an overflow or underflow occurs.
Integration Time Under Steady Load: Reactive Energy
As mentioned in the Active Energy Calculation section, the
discrete time sample period (T) for the accumulation register is
1.22 μs (5/MCLK). With full-scale sinusoidal signals on the
analog inputs and the VARGAIN register (Address 0x1E) and
the VARDIV register (Address 0x25) set to 0x000, the integration
time before the reactive energy register overflows is calculated
in Equation 24.
Time =
0xFFFF, FFFF, FFFF
× 1.22 μs = 409.6 sec = 6.82 min (24)
0xCCCCD
When VARDIV is set to a value different from 0, the integration
time varies, as shown in Equation 25.
Time = TimeWDIV =0 × VARDIV
(25)
Reactive Energy Accumulation Modes
Var Signed Accumulation Mode
The ADE5169 reactive energy default accumulation mode is a
signed accumulation based on the reactive power information.
Rev. 0 | Page 60 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Var Antitamper Accumulation Mode
Var Absolute Accumulation Mode
The ADE5169 is placed in var antitamper accumulation mode
by setting the SAVARM bit in the ACCMODE register
(Address 0x0F). In this mode, the reactive power is accumulated
depending on the sign of the active power. When the active
power is positive, the reactive power is added as it is to the reactive
energy register. When the active power is negative, the reactive
power is subtracted from the reactive energy accumulator (see
Figure 68). The CF pulse also reflects this accumulation method
when in this mode. The default setting for this mode is off. Transitions in the direction of power flow and no load threshold are
active in this mode.
The ADE5169 is placed in absolute accumulation mode by
setting the ABSVARM bit (Bit 3) in the ACCMODE register
(Address 0x0F). In absolute accumulation mode, the reactive
energy accumulation is done by using the absolute reactive
power and ignoring any occurrence of power below the no load
threshold for the reactive energy (see Figure 69). The CF pulse
also reflects this accumulation method when in the absolute
accumulation mode. The default setting for this mode is off.
Transitions in the direction of power flow and no load threshold
are active in this mode.
REACTIVE ENERGY
REACTIVE ENERGY
NO LOAD
THRESHOLD
NO LOAD
THRESHOLD
NO LOAD
THRESHOLD
REACTIVE POWER
07411-049
REACTIVE POWER
Figure 69. Reactive Energy Accumulation in Absolute Accumulation Mode
NO LOAD
THRESHOLD
Reactive Energy Pulse Output
The ADE5169 provides all the circuitry with a pulse output
whose frequency is proportional to reactive power (see the
Energy-to-Frequency Conversion section). This pulse frequency
output uses the calibrated signal after VARGAIN, and its behavior
is consistent with the setting of the reactive energy accumulation
mode in the ACCMODE register (Address 0x0F). The pulse
output is active low and should preferably be connected to an LED,
as shown in Figure 75.
NO LOAD
THRESHOLD
ACTIVE POWER
NO LOAD
THRESHOLD
POS
NEG
POS
INTERRUPT STATUS REGISTERS
07411-048
APSIGN FLAG
Figure 68. Reactive Energy Accumulation in
Antitamper Accumulation Mode
Rev. 0 | Page 61 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Line Cycle Reactive Energy Accumulation Mode
in the Interrupt Enable 3 SFR (MIRQENH, Address 0xDB) is set,
the 8052 core has a pending ADE interrupt. The ADE interrupt
stays active until the CYCEND status bit is cleared (see the Energy
Measurement Interrupts section). Another calibration cycle starts
as soon as the CYCEND flag is set. If the LVARHR register
(Address 0x06) is not read before a new CYCEND flag is set, the
LVARHR register is overwritten by a new value.
In line cycle reactive energy accumulation mode, the energy
accumulation of the ADE5169 can be synchronized to the
voltage channel zero crossing so that reactive energy can be
accumulated over an integral number of half-line cycles. The
advantages of this mode are similar to those described in the
Line Cycle Active Energy Accumulation Mode section.
When a new half-line cycle is written in the LINCYC register
(Address 0x12), the LVARHR register is reset, and a new accumulation starts at the next zero crossing. The number of halfline cycles is then counted internally until the value programmed
in LINCYC is reached. This implementation provides a valid
measurement at the first CYCEND interrupt after writing to the
LINCYC register. The line reactive energy accumulation uses
the same signal path as the reactive energy accumulation. The
LSB size of these two registers is equivalent.
In line cycle active energy accumulation mode, the ADE5169
accumulates the reactive power signal in the LVARHR register
(Address 0x06) for an integral number of line cycles, as shown in
Figure 70. The number of half-line cycles is specified in the
LINCYC register (Address 0x12). The ADE5169 can accumulate
active power for up to 65,535 half-line cycles.
Because the reactive power is integrated on an integral number
of line cycles, the CYCEND flag (Bit 2) in the Interrupt Status 3
SFR (MIRQSTH, Address 0xDE) is set at the end of an active
energy accumulation line cycle. If the CYCEND enable bit (Bit 2)
TO
DIGITAL-TO-FREQUENCY
CONVERTER
VARGAIN[11:0]
OUTPUT
FROM
LPF2
+
%
0
VARDIV[7:0]
23
LPF1
FROM VOLTAGE
CHANNEL ADC
48
ZERO-CROSSING
DETECTION
CALIBRATION
CONTROL
0
LVARHR[23:0]
LINCYC[15:0]
Figure 70. Line Cycle Reactive Energy Accumulation Mode
Rev. 0 | Page 62 of 148
ACCUMULATE REACTIVE
ENERGY IN INTERNAL
REGISTER AND UPDATE
THE LVARHR REGISTER
AT THE END OF LINCYC
HALF-LINE CYCLES
07411-050
VAROS[15:0]
+
ADE5166/ADE5169
APPARENT POWER CALCULATION
Apparent Power Offset Calibration
Apparent power is defined as the maximum power that can be
delivered to a load. Vrms and Irms are the effective voltage and current
delivered to the load, respectively. Therefore, the apparent power
(AP) = Vrms × Irms. This equation is independent from the phase
angle between the current and the voltage.
Each rms measurement includes an offset compensation register
to calibrate and eliminate the dc component in the rms value (see
the Current Channel RMS Calculation section and the Voltage
Channel RMS Calculation section). The voltage and current
channels rms values are then multiplied together in the apparent
power signal processing. Because no additional offsets are
created in the multiplication of the rms values, there is no
specific offset compensation in the apparent power signal
processing. The offset compensation of the apparent power
measurement is done by calibrating each individual rms
measurement.
Equation 29 gives an expression of the instantaneous power signal
in an ac system with a phase shift.
v(t ) = 2 Vrms sin(ω t )
(26)
i (t ) = 2 I rms sin(ωt + θ)
(27)
p (t ) = v (t ) × i (t )
(29)
APPARENT ENERGY CALCULATION
p(t ) = Vrms I rms cos(θ) − Vrms I rms cos(2ωt + θ)
(30)
The apparent energy is given as the integral of the apparent power.
Figure 71 illustrates the signal processing for the calculation of the
apparent power in the ADE5166/ADE5169.
The apparent power signal can be read from the waveform register
by setting the WAVMODE register (Address 0x0D) and setting the
WFSM bit (Bit 5) in the Interrupt Enable 3 SFR (MIRQENH,
Address 0xDB). Like the current and voltage channel waveform
sampling modes, the waveform data is available at sample rates
of 25.6 kSPS, 12.8 kSPS, 6.4 kSPS, or 3.2 kSPS.
The gain of the apparent energy can be adjusted by using the
multiplier and by writing a twos complement, 12-bit word to the
VAGAIN register (VAGAIN[11:0], Address 0x1F). Equation 31
shows how the gain adjustment is related to the contents of the
VAGAIN register.
Output VAGAIN =
⎛
⎧ VAGAIN ⎫ ⎞
⎜ Apparent Power × ⎨1 +
⎬⎟
2 12
⎩
⎭⎠
⎝
(31)
Apparent Energy = ∫ Apparent Power(t)dt
(32)
The ADE5166/ADE5169 achieve the integration of the apparent
power signal by continuously accumulating the apparent power
signal in an internal 48-bit register. The apparent energy register
(VAHR[23:0], Address 0x07) represents the upper 24 bits of this
internal register. This discrete time accumulation or summation
is equivalent to integration in continuous time. Equation 33
expresses the relationship.
⎧∞
⎫
Apparent Energy = lim ⎨∑ Apparent Power ( nT ) × T ⎬ (33)
T →0
⎩n=0
⎭
where:
n is the discrete time sample number.
T is the sample period.
The discrete time sample period (T) for the accumulation register
in the ADE5166/ADE5169 is 1.22 μs (5/MCLK).
For example, when 0x7FF is written to the VAGAIN register, the
power output is scaled up by 50% (0x7FF = 2047d, 2047/212 = 0.5).
Similarly, 0x800 = –2047d (signed twos complement), and power
output is scaled by –50%. Each LSB represents 0.0244% of the
power output. The apparent power is calculated with the current
and voltage rms values obtained in the rms blocks of the
ADE5166/ADE5169.
VARMSCFCON
APPARENT POWER
SIGNAL (P)
Irms
0x1A36E2
CURRENT RMS SIGNAL – i(t)
0x1CF68C
0x00
VAGAIN
VOLTAGE RMS SIGNAL – v(t)
0x1CF68C
TO
DIGITAL-TO-FREQUENCY
CONVERTER
0x00
Figure 71. Apparent Power Signal Processing
Rev. 0 | Page 63 of 148
07411-051
Vrms
ADE5166/ADE5169
Figure 72 shows this discrete time integration or accumulation.
The apparent power signal is continuously added to the internal
register. This addition is a signed addition even if the apparent
energy theoretically remains positive.
analog inputs and the VAGAIN register (Address 0x1F) set to
0x000, the average word value from the apparent power stage is
0x1A36E2 (see the Apparent Power Calculation section). The
maximum value that can be stored in the apparent energy register
before it overflows is 224 or 0xFF,FFFF. The average word value
is added to the internal register, which can store 248 or
0xFFFF,FFFF,FFFF before it overflows. Therefore, the integration
time under these conditions with VADIV = 0 is calculated as
follows:
The 49 bits of the internal register are divided by VADIV. If the
value in the VADIV register (Address 0x26) is 0, the internal
apparent energy register is divided by 1. VADIV is an 8-bit,
unsigned register. The upper 24 bits are then written in the 24-bit
apparent energy register (VAHR[23:0], Address 0x07). The
RVAHR register (Address 0x08), which is 24 bits long, is provided
to read the apparent energy. This register is reset to 0 after a read
operation.
Time =
0xFFFF, FFFF, FFFF
× 1.22 μs = 199 sec = 3.33 min
0xD055
Note that the apparent energy register is unsigned. By setting
the VAEHF bit (Bit 2) and the VAEOF bit (Bit 5) in the Interrupt
Enable 2 SFR (MIRQENM, Address 0xDA), the ADE5166/
ADE5169 can be configured to issue an ADE interrupt to the
8052 core when the apparent energy register is half-full or when
an overflow occurs. The half-full interrupt for the unsigned
apparent energy register is based on 24 bits, as opposed to 23 bits
for the signed active energy register.
When VADIV is set to a value different from 0, the integration
time varies, as shown in Equation 35.
Time = TimeWDIV = 0 × VADIV
All the ADE5166/ADE5169 circuitry has a pulse output whose
frequency is proportional to apparent power (see the Energy-toFrequency Conversion section). This pulse frequency output
uses the calibrated signal after VAGAIN. This output can also
be used to output a pulse whose frequency is proportional to Irms.
As mentioned in the Apparent Energy Calculation section, the
discrete time sample period (T) for the accumulation register is
1.22 μs (5/MCLK). With full-scale sinusoidal signals on the
The pulse output is active low and should preferably be connected
to an LED, as shown in Figure 75.
VAHR[23:0]
23
0
48
0
VADIV
%
48
+
0
+
APPARENT POWER OR Irms IS
ACCUMULATED (INTEGRATED)
IN THE APPARENT ENERGY
REGISTER
TIME (nT)
Figure 72. Apparent Energy Calculation
Rev. 0 | Page 64 of 148
07411-052
APPARENT
POWER SIGNAL = P
T
(35)
Apparent Energy Pulse Output
Integration Times Under Steady Load: Apparent Energy
APPARENT POWER
or
Irms
(34)
ADE5166/ADE5169
Line Apparent Energy Accumulation
Apparent Power No Load Detection
The ADE5166/ADE5169 are designed with a special apparent
energy accumulation mode that simplifies the calibration process.
By using the on-chip, zero-crossing detection, the ADE5166/
ADE5169 accumulate the apparent power signal in the LVAHR
register (Address 0x09) for an integral number of half cycles, as
shown in Figure 73. The line apparent energy accumulation mode
is always active.
The ADE5166/ADE5169 include a no load threshold feature on
the apparent power that eliminates any creep effects in the meter.
The ADE5166/ADE5169 accomplish this by not accumulating
energy if the multiplier output is below the no load threshold.
When the apparent power is below the no load threshold, the
VANOLOAD flag (Bit 2) in the Interrupt Status 1 SFR
(MIRQSTL, Address 0xDC) is set.
The number of half-line cycles is specified in the LINCYC
register (Address 0x12), which is an unsigned 16-bit register.
The ADE5166/ADE5169 can accumulate apparent power for up
to 65,535 combined half cycles. Because the apparent power is
integrated on the same integral number of line cycles as the line
active register and reactive energy register, these values can easily
be compared. The energies are calculated more accurately
because of this precise timing control and provide all the
information needed for reactive power and power factor
calculation.
If the VANOLOAD bit (Bit 2) is set in the Interrupt Enable 1
SFR (MIRQENL, Address 0xD9), the 8052 core has a pending
ADE interrupt. The ADE interrupt stays active until the
APNOLOAD status bit is cleared (see the Energy Measurement
Interrupts section).
The no load threshold level is selectable by setting the
VANOLOAD bits (Bits[5:4]) in the NLMODE register
(Address 0x0E). Setting these bits to 0b00 disables the no load
detection, and setting them to 0b01, 0b10, or 0b11 sets the no
load detection threshold to 0.030%, 0.015%, and 0.0075% of the
full-scale output frequency of the multiplier, respectively.
At the end of an energy calibration cycle, the CYCEND flag (Bit 2)
in the Interrupt Status 3 SFR (MIRQSTH, Address 0xDE) is set.
If the CYCEND enable bit (Bit 2) in the Interrupt Enable 3 SFR
(MIRQENH, Address 0xDB) is enabled, the 8052 core has
a pending ADE interrupt.
This no load threshold can also be applied to the Irms pulse
output when selected. In this case, the level of no load threshold
is the same as for the apparent energy.
AMPERE-HOUR ACCUMULATION
As for LWATTHR, when a new half-line cycle is written
in the LINCYC register (Address 0x12), the LVAHR register
(Address 0x09) is reset and a new accumulation starts at the next
zero crossing. The number of half-line cycles is then counted until
LINCYC is reached.
In a tampering situation where no voltage is available to the energy
meter, the ADE5166/ADE5169 are capable of accumulating the
ampere-hour instead of apparent power into the VAHR, RVAHR,
and LVAHR. When the VARMSCFCON bit (Bit 3) of the MODE2
register (Address 0x0C) is set, the VAHR, RVAHR, and LVAHR
and the input for the digital-to-frequency converter accumulate
Irms instead of apparent power. All the signal processing and calibration registers available for apparent power and energy
accumulation remain the same when ampere-hour accumulation
is selected. However, the scaling difference between Irms and
apparent power requires independent values for gain calibration
in the VAGAIN (Address 0x1F), VADIV (Address 0x26),
CFxNUM (Address 0x27 and Address 0x29), and CFxDEN
(Address 0x28 and Address 0x2A) registers.
APPARENT POWER
OR Irms
+
%
+
48
0
LVAHR REGISTER IS
UPDATED EVERY LINCYC
ZERO CROSSING WITH THE
TOTAL APPARENT ENERGY
DURING THAT DURATION
VADIV[7:0]
23
LPF1
FROM
VOLTAGE CHANNEL
ADC
ZERO-CROSSING
DETECTION
CALIBRATION
CONTROL
0
LVAHR[23:0]
LINCYC[15:0]
Figure 73. Line Cycle Apparent Energy Accumulation
Rev. 0 | Page 65 of 148
07411-053
This implementation provides a valid measurement at the first
CYCEND interrupt after writing to the LINCYC register. The
line apparent energy accumulation uses the same signal path as
the apparent energy accumulation. The LSB size of these two
registers is equivalent.
ADE5166/ADE5169
ENERGY-TO-FREQUENCY CONVERSION
The ADE5166/ADE5169 also provide two energy-to-frequency
conversions for calibration purposes. After initial calibration at
manufacturing, the manufacturer or end customer often verifies
the energy meter calibration. One convenient way to do this is for
the manufacturer to provide an output frequency that is proportional to the active power, reactive power, apparent power, or Irms
under steady load conditions. This output frequency can provide
a simple single-wire, optically isolated interface to external
calibration equipment. Figure 74 illustrates the energy-tofrequency conversion in the ADE5166/ADE5169.
The selection between Irms and apparent power is done by
the VARMSCFCON bit in the MODE2 register (Address 0x0C).
With this selection, CF2 cannot be proportional to apparent
power if CF1 is proportional to Irms, and CF1 cannot be proportional to apparent power if CF2 is proportional to Irms.
Pulse Output Characteristic
The pulse output for both DFCs stays low for 90 ms if the pulse
period is longer than 180 ms (5.56 Hz). If the pulse period is
shorter than 180 ms, the duty cycle of the pulse output is 50%.
The pulse output is active low and should preferably be connected
to an LED, as shown in Figure 75.
VDD
MODE2 REGISTER 0x0C
CF
Irms
07411-055
VARMSCFCON CFxSEL[1:0]
CFxNUM
VA
÷
DFC
WATT
CFxDEN
Figure 75. CF Pulse Output
CFx PULSE
OUTPUT
07411-054
VAR*
*AVAILABLE ONLY IN THE ADE5569 AND ADE5169.
Figure 74. Energy-to-Frequency Conversion
Two digital-to-frequency converters (DFC) are used to generate
the pulsed outputs. When WDIV = 0 or 1, the DFC generates a
pulse each time 1 LSB in the energy register is accumulated. An
output pulse is generated when a CFxNUM/CFxDEN number of
pulses are generated at the DFC output. Under steady load conditions, the output frequency is proportional to the active power,
reactive power, apparent power, or Irms, depending on the
CFxSEL bits in the MODE2 register (Address 0x0C).
Both pulse outputs can be enabled or disabled by clearing or
setting the DISCF1 bit (Bit 1) and the DISCF2 bit (Bit 2) in the
MODE1 register (Address 0x0B), respectively.
Both pulse outputs set separate flags in the Interrupt Status 2 SFR
(MIRQSTM, Address 0xDD), CF1 (Bit 6) and CF2 (Bit 7). If the
CF1 enable bit (Bit 6) and CF2 enable bit (Bit 7) in the Interrupt
Enable 2 SFR (MIRQENM, Address 0xDA) are set, the 8052 core
has a pending ADE interrupt. The ADE interrupt stays active
until the CF1 or CF2 status bit is cleared (see the Energy
Measurement Interrupts section).
Pulse Output Configuration
The two pulse output circuits have separate configuration bits
in the MODE2 register (Address 0x0C). Setting the CFxSEL bits
to 0b00, 0b01, or 0b1x configures the DFC to create a pulse
output proportional to active power, reactive power, or apparent
power, or Irms, respectively.
The maximum output frequency with ac input signals at
full scale and CFxNUM = 0x00 and CFxDEN = 0x00 is
approximately 21.1 kHz.
The ADE5166/ADE5169 incorporate two registers per DFC,
CFxNUM[15:0] and CFxDEN[15:0], to set the CFx frequency.
These are unsigned 16-bit registers that can be used to adjust
the CFx frequency to a wide range of values. These frequency
scaling registers are 16-bit registers that can scale the output
frequency by 1/216 to 1 with a step of 1/216.
If 0 is written to any of these registers, 1 is applied to the register.
The ratio of CFxNUM/CFxDEN should be less than 1 to ensure
proper operation. If the ratio of the CFxNUM/CFxDEN registers
is greater than 1, the register values are adjusted to a ratio of 1.
For example, if the output frequency is 1.562 kHz, and the content
of CFxDEN is 0 (0x000), the output frequency can be set to 6.1 Hz
by writing 0xFF to the CFxDEN register.
ENERGY REGISTER SCALING
The ADE5166/ADE5169 provide measurements of active, reactive,
and apparent energies that use separate paths and filtering for calculation. The difference in data paths can result in small differences
in LSB weight between active, reactive, and apparent energy
registers. These measurements are internally compensated so that
the scaling is nearly one to one. The relationship between these
registers is shown in Table 47.
Table 47. Energy Registers Scaling
Line Frequency = 50 Hz
Var = 0.9952 × watt
VA = 0.9978 × watt
Var = 0.9997 × watt
VA = 0.9977 × watt
Rev. 0 | Page 66 of 148
Line Frequency = 60 Hz
Var = 0.9949 × watt
VA = 1.0015 × watt
Var = 0.9999 × watt
VA = 1.0015 × watt
Integrator
Off
Off
On
On
ADE5166/ADE5169
ENERGY MEASUREMENT INTERRUPTS
The energy measurement part of the ADE5166/ADE5169 has
its own interrupt vector for the 8052 core, Vector Address 0x004B
(see the Interrupt Vectors section). The bits set in the Interrupt
Enable 1 SFR (MIRQENL, Address 0xD9), Interrupt Enable 2
SFR (MIRQENM, Address 0xDA), and Interrupt Enable 3 SFR
(MIRQENH, Address 0xDB) enable the energy measurement
interrupts that are allowed to interrupt the 8052 core. If an
event is not enabled, it cannot create a system interrupt.
The ADE interrupt stays active until the status bit that has created
the interrupt is cleared. The status bit is cleared when a 0 is written
to this register bit.
Rev. 0 | Page 67 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
TEMPERATURE, BATTERY, AND SUPPLY VOLTAGE MEASUREMENTS
The ADE5166/ADE5169 include temperature measurements as
well as battery and supply voltage measurements. These measurements enable many forms of compensation. The temperature and
supply voltage measurements can be used to compensate external
circuitry. The RTC can be calibrated over temperature to ensure
that it does not drift. Supply voltage measurements allow the LCD
contrast to be maintained despite variations in voltage. Battery
measurements allow low battery detection to be performed.
All ADC measurements are configured through the SFRs, as
shown in Table 48.
The temperature, battery, and supply voltage measurements
can be configured to continue functioning in PSM1 and PSM2.
Keeping the temperature measurement active ensures that it is
not necessary to wait for the temperature measurement to settle
before using it for compensation.
Table 48. Temperature, Battery, and Supply Voltage Measurement SFRs
SFR
Address
0xF9
0xF3
0xD8
0xFA
0xEF
0xDF
0xD7
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Mnemonic
STRBPER
DIFFPROG
ADCGO
BATVTH
VDCINADC
BATADC
TEMPADC
Description
Peripheral ADC strobe period (see Table 49).
Temperature and supply delta (see Table 50).
Start ADC measurement (see Table 51).
Battery detection threshold (see Table 52).
VDCIN ADC value (see Table 53).
Battery ADC value (see Table 54).
Temperature ADC value (see Table 55).
Table 49. Peripheral ADC Strobe Period SFR (STRBPER, Address 0xF9)
Bit
[7:6]
[5:4]
Mnemonic
Reserved
VDCIN_PERIOD
Default
00
0
[3:2]
BATT_PERIOD
0
[1:0]
TEMP_PERIOD
0
Description
These bits must be kept at 0 for proper operation.
Period for background external voltage measurements.
VDCIN_PERIOD
Result
00
No VDCIN measurement
01
8 min
10
2 min
11
1 min
Period for background battery level measurements.
BATT_PERIOD
Result
00
No battery measurement
01
16 min
10
4 min
11
1 min
Period for background temperature measurements.
TEMP_PERIOD
Result
00
No temperature measurement
01
8 min
10
2 min
11
1 min
Rev. 0 | Page 68 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 50. Temperature and Supply Delta SFR (DIFFPROG, Address 0xF3)
Bit
[7:6]
[5:3]
Mnemonic
Reserved
TEMP_DIFF
Default
0
0
[2:0]
VDCIN_DIFF
0
Description
Reserved.
Difference threshold between last temperature measurement interrupting 8052 and new
temperature measurement that should interrupt 8052.
TEMP_DIFF
Result
000
No interrupt
001
1 LSB (≈ 0.8°C)
010
2 LSB (≈ 1.6°C)
011
3 LSB (≈ 2.4°C)
100
4 LSB (≈ 3.2°C)
101
5 LSB (≈ 4°C)
110
6 LSB (≈ 4.8°C)
111
Every temperature measurement
Difference threshold between last external voltage measurement interrupting 8052 and new
external measurement that should interrupt 8052.
VDCIN_DIFF
Result
000
No interrupt
001
1 LSB (≈ 120 mV)
010
2 LSB (≈ 240 mV)
011
3 LSB (≈ 360 mV)
100
4 LSB (≈ 480 mV)
101
5 LSB (≈ 600 mV)
110
6 LSB (≈ 720 mV)
111
Every VDCIN measurement
Table 51. Start ADC Measurement SFR (ADCGO, Address 0xD8)
Bit
7
Bit Address
0xDF
Mnemonic
PLLACK
Default
0
[6:3]
2
0xDE to 0xDB
0xDA
Reserved
VDCIN_ADC_GO
0
0
1
0xD9
TEMP_ADC_GO
0
0
0xD8
BATT_ADC_GO
0
Description
Set this bit to clear the PLL fault bit, PLL_FLT, in the PERIPH register (Address 0xF4).
A PLL fault is generated if a reset is caused because the PLL lost lock.
Reserved.
Set this bit to initiate an external voltage measurement. This bit is cleared when
the measurement request is received by the ADC.
Set this bit to initiate a temperature measurement. This bit is cleared when the
measurement request is received by the ADC.
Set this bit to initiate a battery measurement. This bit is cleared when the
measurement request is received by the ADC.
Table 52. Battery Detection Threshold SFR (BATVTH, Address 0xFA)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
BATVTH
Default
0
Description
The battery ADC value is compared to this register, the battery threshold register. If BATADC
is lower than the threshold, an interrupt is generated.
Table 53. VDCIN ADC Value SFR (VDCINADC, Address 0xEF)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
VDCINADC
Default
0
Description
The VDCINADC value in this register is updated when an ADC interrupt occurs.
Table 54. Battery ADC Value SFR (BATADC, Address 0xDF)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
BATADC
Default
0
Description
The battery ADC value in this register is updated when an ADC interrupt occurs.
Table 55. Temperature ADC Value SFR (TEMPADC, Address 0xD7)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
TEMPADC
Default
0
Description
The temperature ADC value in this register is updated when an ADC interrupt occurs.
Rev. 0 | Page 69 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
start ADC measurement SFR (ADCGO, Address 0xD8).
Background temperature measurements are not available.
In PSM2 operating mode, the 8052 is not active. Temperature
conversions are available through the background measurement mode only.
To provide a digital temperature measurement, each ADE5166/
ADE5169 includes a dedicated ADC. An 8-bit temperature
ADC value SFR (TEMPADC, Address 0xD7) holds the results
of the temperature conversion. The resolution of the temperature
measurement is 0.83°C/LSB. There are two ways to initiate a
temperature conversion: a single temperature measurement or
background temperature measurements.
The temperature ADC value SFR (TEMPADC, Address 0xD7)
is updated with a new value only when a temperature ADC
interrupt occurs.
Single Temperature Measurement
Temperature ADC Interrupt
Set the TEMP_ADC_GO bit (Bit 1) in the start ADC measument SFR (ADCGO, Address 0xD8) to obtain a temperature
measurement (see Table 51). An interrupt is generated when the
conversion is complete and when the temperature measurement
is available in the temperature ADC value SFR (TEMPADC,
Address 0xD7).
The temperature ADC can generate an ADC interrupt when at
least one of the following conditions occurs:
Background Temperature Measurements
Background temperature measurements are disabled by default.
To configure the background temperature measurement mode,
set a temperature measurement interval in the peripheral ADC
strobe period SFR (STRBPER, Address 0xF9). Temperature measurements are then performed periodically in the background (see
Table 49).
When a temperature conversion completes, the new temperature
ADC value is compared to the last temperature ADC value that
created an interrupt. If the absolute difference between the two
values is greater than the setting in the TEMP_DIFF bits in the
temperature and supply delta SFR (DIFFPROG, Address 0xF3[5:3]),
a TEMPADC interrupt is generated (see Table 50). This allows
temperature measurements to take place completely in the background, requiring MCU activity only if the temperature changes
more than a configurable delta.
To set up background temperature measurement,
1.
2.
3.
Initiate a single temperature measurement by setting the
TEMP_ADC_GO bit in the start ADC measurement SFR
(ADCGO, Address 0xD8[1]).
Upon completion of this measurement, configure the
TEMP_DIFF bits in the temperature and supppy delta SFR
(DIFFPROG, Address 0xF3[5:3]) to establish the change in
temperature that triggers an interrupt.
Set up the interval for background temperature measurements
by configuring the TEMP_PERIOD bits in the peripheral
ADC strobe period SFR (STRBPER, Address 0xF9[1:0]).
Temperature ADC in PSM0, PSM1, and PSM2
Depending on the operating mode of the ADE5166/ADE5169,
a temperature conversion is initiated only by certain actions.
•
•
In PSM0 operating mode, the 8052 is active. Temperature
measurements are available in the background measurement
mode and by initiating a single measurement.
In PSM1 operating mode, the 8052 is active, and the part
is battery powered. Single temperature measurements
can be initiated by setting the TEMP_ADC_GO bit in the
•
•
•
The difference between the new temperature ADC value and
the last temperature ADC value generating an ADC interrupt
is larger than the value set in the TEMP_DIFF bits.
The temperature ADC conversion, initiated by setting start
ADC measurement SFR (ADCGO, Address 0xD8), finishes.
When the ADC interrupt occurs, a new value is available in the
temperature ADC value SFR (TEMPADC, Address 0xD7). Note
that there is no flag associated with this interrupt.
BATTERY MEASUREMENT
To provide a digital battery measurement, each ADE5166/
ADE5169 includes a dedicated ADC. The battery measurement
is available in the 8-bit battery ADC value SFR (BATADC,
Address 0xDF). The battery measurement has a resolution of
14.6 mV/LSB. A battery conversion can be initiated by two
methods: a single battery measurement or background battery
measurements.
Single Battery Measurement
Set the BATT_ADC_GO bit (Bit 0) in the start ADC measurement SFR (ADCGO, Address 0xD8) to obtain a battery
measurement. An interrupt is generated when the conversion is
done and when the battery measurement is available in the
battery ADC value SFR (BATADC, Address 0xDF).
Background Battery Measurements
To configure background measurements for the battery, establish a
measurement interval in the peripheral ADC strobe period SFR
(STRBPER, Address 0xF9). Battery measurements are then
performed periodically in the background (see Table 49).
When a battery conversion completes, the battery ADC value is
compared to the low battery threshold, established in the battery
detection threshold SFR (BATVTH, Address 0xFA). If the battery
ADC value is below this threshold, a low battery flag is set. This
low battery flag is the FBAT bit (Bit 2) in the power management
interrupt flag SFR (IPSMF, Address 0xF8), used for power supply
management. This low battery flag can be enabled to generate
the PSM interrupt by setting the EBAT bit (Bit 2) in the power
management interrupt enable SFR (IPSME, Address 0xEC). This
method allows battery measurements to take place completely in
the background, requiring MCU activity only if the battery
drops below a user-specified threshold.
Rev. 0 | Page 70 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
To set up background battery measurements, follow these steps:
1.
2.
Configure the battery detection threshold SFR (BATVTH,
Address 0xFA) to establish a low battery threshold. If the
BATADC measurement is below this threshold, the FBAT bit
(Bit 2) in the power management interrupt flag SFR (IPSMF,
Address 0xF8) is set.
Set up the interval for background battery measurements
by configuring the BATT_PERIOD bits in the peripheral
ADC strobe period SFR (STRBPER, Adress 0xF9[3:2]).
Battery ADC in PSM0, PSM1, and PSM2
Depending on the operating mode, a battery conversion is
initiated only by certain actions.
•
•
•
In PSM0 operating mode, the 8052 is active. Battery
measurements are available in the background measurement mode and by initiating a single measurement.
In PSM1 operating mode, the 8052 is active, and the part
is battery powered. Single battery measurements can be
initiated by setting the BATT_ADC_GO bit (Bit 0) in the
start ADC measurement SFR (ADCGO, Address 0xD8).
Background battery measurements are not available.
In PSM2 operating mode, the 8052 is not active. Unlike
temperature and VDCIN measurements, the battery
conversions are not available in this mode.
The battery ADC can generate an ADC interrupt when at least
one of the following conditions occurs:
•
Single External Voltage Measurement
To obtain an external voltage measurement, set the VDCIN_
ADC_GO bit (Bit 2) in the start ADC measurement SFR
(ADCGO, Address 0xD8). An interrupt is generated when the
conversion is done and when the external voltage measurement
is available in the VDCIN ADC value SFR (VDCINADC,
Address 0xEF).
Background External Voltage Measurements
Battery ADC Interrupt
•
holds the results of the conversion. The resolution of the external
voltage measurement is 15.3 mV/LSB. There are two ways to
initiate an external voltage conversion: a single external voltage
measurement or background external voltage measurements.
The new battery ADC value is smaller than the value
set in the battery detection threshold SFR (BATVTH,
Address 0xFA), indicating a battery voltage loss.
A single battery measurement initiated by setting the
BATT_ADC_GO bit in the start ADC measurement SFR
(ADCGO, Address 0xD8) finishes.
When the battery flag (FBAT, Bit 2) is set in the power management interrupt flag SFR (IPSMF, Address 0xF8), a new ADC
value is available in the battery ADC value SFR (BATADC,
Address 0xDF). This battery flag can be enabled as a source of the
PSM interrupt to generate a PSM interrupt every time the battery
drops below a set voltage threshold or after a single conversion
initiated by setting the BATT_ADC_GO bit in the start ADC
measurement SFR (ADCGO, Address 0xD8) is ready.
The battery ADC value SFR (BATADC, Address 0xDF) is updated
with a new value only when the battery flag (FBAT) is set in the
power management interrupt flag SFR (IPSMF, Address 0xF8).
Background external voltage measurements are disabled by
default. To configure the background external voltage measurement mode, set an external voltage measurement interval in the
peripheral ADC strobe period SFR (STRBPER, Address 0xF9).
External voltage measurements are performed periodically in
the background (see Table 49).
When an external voltage conversion is complete, the new
external voltage ADC value is compared to the last external
voltage ADC value that created an interrupt. If the absolute
difference between the two values is greater than the setting in
the VDCIN_DIFF[2:0] bits in the temperature and supply delta
SFR (DIFFPROG, Address 0xF3), a VDCIN ADC flag is set. This
VDCIN ADC flag is FVADC (Bit 3) in the power management
interrupt flag SFR (IPSMF, Address 0xF8), which is used for power
supply management. This VDCIN ADC flag can be enabled to
generate a PSM interrupt by setting the EVADC bit (Bit 3) in the
power management interrupt enable SFR (IPSME, Address 0xEC).
This method allows external voltage measurements to take
place completely in the background, requiring MCU activity
only if the external voltage has changed more than a configurable delta.
To set up background external voltage measurements, follow
these steps:
1.
2.
3.
EXTERNAL VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT
The ADE5166/ADE5169 include a dedicated ADC to provide a
digital measurement of an external voltage on the VDCIN pin. An
8-bit SFR, the VDCIN ADC value SFR (VDCINADC, Address 0xEF),
Rev. 0 | Page 71 of 148
Initiate a single external voltage measurement by setting
the VDCIN_ADC_GO bit (Bit 2) in the start ADC
measurement SFR (ADCGO, Address 0xD8).
Upon completion of this measurement, configure the
VDCIN_DIFF bits in the temperature and supply delta SFR
(DIFFPROG, Address 0xF3[2:0]) to establish the change
in voltage that sets the FVDCIN (Bit 0) in the power management interrupt flag SFR (IPSMF, Address 0xF8).
Set up the interval for background external voltage measurements by configuring the VDCIN_PERIOD bits in the
peripheral ADC strobe period SFR (STRBPER,
Address 0xF9[5:4]).
ADE5166/ADE5169
External Voltage ADC in the PSM1 and PSM2 Modes
External Voltage ADC Interrupt
An external voltage conversion is initiated only by certain actions
that depend on the operating mode of the ADE5166/ ADE5169.
The external voltage ADC can generate an ADC interrupt when
at least one of the following conditions occurs:
•
•
•
•
In PSM0 operating mode, the 8052 is active. External
voltage measurements are available in the background
measurement mode and by initiating a single measurement.
In PSM1 operating mode, the 8052 is active and the part is
powered from battery. Single external voltage measurements
can be initiated by setting the VDCIN_ADC_GO bit (Bit 2) in
the start ADC measurement SFR (ADCGO, Address 0xD8).
Background external voltage measurements are not available.
In PSM2 operating mode, the 8052 is not active. External
voltage conversions are available through the background
measurement mode only.
•
The difference between the new external voltage ADC
value and the last external voltage ADC value generating
an ADC interrupt is larger than the value set in the
VDCIN_DIFF[2:0] bits in the temperature and supply
delta SFR (DIFFPROG, Address 0xF3).
The external voltage ADC conversion, initiated by setting
VDCIN_ADC_GO in the start ADC measurement SFR
(ADCGO, Address 0xD8), finishes.
When the ADC interrupt occurs, a new value is available in the
VDCIN ADC value SFR (VDCINADC, Address 0xEF). Note that
there is no flag associated with this interrupt.
The external voltage ADC in the VDCIN ADC value SFR
(VDCINADC, Address 0xEF) is updated with a new value only
when an external voltage ADC interrupt occurs.
Rev. 0 | Page 72 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
8052 MCU CORE ARCHITECTURE
The special function register (SFR) space is mapped into the
upper 128 bytes of internal data memory space and is accessed
by direct addressing only. It provides an interface between the
CPU and all on-chip peripherals. See Figure 76 for a block
diagram showing the programming model of the ADE5166/
ADE5169 via the SFR area
All registers except the program counter (PC), instruction register
(IR), and the four general-purpose register banks reside in the
SFR area. The SFR registers include control, configuration, and
data registers that provide an interface between the CPU and all
on-chip peripherals.
62kB ELECTRICALLY
REPROGRAMMABLE
NONVOLATILE
FLASH/EE
PROGRAM/DATA
MEMORY
256 BYTES
GENERALPURPOSE
RAM
REGISTER
BANKS
ENERGY
MEASUREMENT
POWER
MANAGEMENT
RTC
8051-COMPATIBLE
CORE
PC
IR
128-BYTE
SPECIAL
FUNCTION
REGISTER
AREA
LCD DRIVER
TEMPERATURE
ADC
BATTERY
ADC
2kB XRAM
OTHER ON-CHIP
PERIPHERALS:
SERIAL I/O
WDT
TIMERS
Figure 76. Block Diagram Showing Programming Model via the SFRs
MCU REGISTERS
The registers used by the MCU are summarized in Table 56.
Table 56. 8051 SFRs
SFR
ACC
B
PSW
PCON
DPL
DPH
DPTR
SP
SPH
STCON
CFG
Address
0xE0
0xF0
0xD0
0x87
0x82
0x83
0x82 and 0x83
0x81
0xB7
0xBF
0xAF
Bit Addressable
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Description
Accumulator.
Auxiliary math.
Program status word (see Table 57).
Program control (see Table 58).
Data pointer low (see Table 59).
Data pointer high (see Table 60).
Data pointer (see Table 61).
Stack pointer (see Table 62).
Stack pointer high (see Table 63).
Stack boundary (see Table 64).
Configuration (see Table 65).
Table 57. Program Status Word SFR (PSW, Address 0xD0)
Bit
7
6
5
[4:3]
Bit Address
0xD7
0xD6
0xD5
0xD4, 0xD3
Mnemonic
CY
AC
F0
RS1, RS0
2
1
0
0xD2
0xD1
0xD0
OV
F1
P
Description
Carry flag. Modified by ADD, ADDC, SUBB, MUL, and DIV instructions.
Auxiliary carry flag. Modified by ADD and ADDC instructions.
General-purpose flag available to the user.
Register bank select bits.
RS1
RS0
Selected Bank
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
2
1
1
3
Overflow flag. Modified by ADD, ADDC, SUBB, MUL, and DIV instructions.
General-purpose flag available to the user.
Parity bit. The number of bits set in the accumulator added to the value of the parity bit is always an
even number.
Rev. 0 | Page 73 of 148
07411-056
The ADE5166/ADE5169 have an 8052 MCU core and use the
8051 instruction set. Some of the standard 8052 peripherals,
such as the UART, have been enhanced. This section describes
the standard 8052 core and enhancements that have been made
to it in the ADE5166/ADE5169.
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 58. Program Control SFR (PCON, Address 0x87)
Bit
7
[6:0]
Mnemonic
SMOD
Reserved
Default
0
0
Description
Double baud rate control.
Reserved. These bits must be kept at 0 for proper operation.
Table 59. Data Pointer Low SFR (DPL, Address 0x82)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
DPL
Default
0
Description
These bits contain the low byte of the data pointer.
Table 60. Data Pointer High SFR (DPH, Address 0x83)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
DPH
Default
0
Description
These bits contain the high byte of the data pointer.
Table 61. Data Pointer SFR (DPTR, Address 0x82 and Address 0x83)
Bit
[15:0]
Mnemonic
DP
Default
0
Description
These bits contain the 2-byte address of the data pointer. DPTR is a combination of the DPH and DPL SFRs.
Table 62. Stack Pointer SFR (SP, Address 0x81)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
SP
Default
0
Description
These bits contain the eight LSBs of the pointer for the stack.
Table 63. Stack Pointer High SFR (SPH, Address 0xB7)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Mnemonic
Reserved
SBFLG
SSA[10]
SSA[9]
SSA[8]
SP[10]
SP[9]
SP[8]
Default
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
Description
Reserved. This bit must be set to 1 for proper operation.
Stack bottom flag.
Stack Starting Address Bit 10.
Stack Starting Address Bit 9.
Stack Starting Address Bit 8.
Stack Address Bit 10.
Stack Address Bit 9.
Stack Address Bit 8.
Table 64. Stack Boundary SFR (STCON, Address 0xBF)
Bit
[7:3]
2
Mnemonic
WTRLINE
INT_RST
Default
0
0
1
0
SBE
WTRLFG
0
0
Description
Contains the stack waterline setting bits.
Interrupt/reset selection bit.
INT_RST
Result
0
An interrupt is issued when a stack violation occurs
1
A reset is issued when a stack violation occurs
Stack boundary enable bit.
Waterline flag.
Table 65. Configuration SFR (CFG, Address 0xAF)
Bit
7
6
Mnemonic
Reserved
EXTEN
Default
1
0
5
SCPS
0
Description
Reserved. This bit should be left set for proper operation.
Enhanced UART enable bit.
EXTEN
Result
0
Standard 8052 UART without enhanced error checking features
1
Enhanced UART with enhanced error checking (see the UART Additional Features section)
Synchronous communication selection bit.
SCPS
Result
0
I2C port is selected for control of the shared I2C/SPI (MOSI, MISO, SCLK, and SS) pins and SFRs
1
SPI port is selected for control of the shared I2C/SPI (MOSI, MISO, SCLK, and SS) pins and SFRs
Rev. 0 | Page 74 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Bit
4
Mnemonic
MOD38EN
Default
0
[3:2]
[1:0]
Reserved
XREN1,
XREN0
00
01
Description
38 kHz modulation enable bit.
MOD38EN
Result
0
38 kHz modulation is disabled
1
38 kHz modulation is enabled on the pins selected by the MOD38 bits in the
EPCFG SFR (Address 0x9F[7:0])
Reserved. These bits should be kept at 0 for proper operation.
XREN1, XREN0
Result
XREN1 or XREN0 = 1
Enable MOVX instruction to use 256 bytes of extended RAM
XREN1 and XREN0 = 0 Disable MOVX instruction
BASIC 8052 REGISTERS
B Register
Program Counter (PC)
The B register is used by the multiply and divide instructions,
MUL AB and DIV AB, to hold one of the operands. Because it
is not used for many instructions, it can be used as a scratch pad
register like those in the register banks. The B register is stored
in the SFR space (see Table 56).
The program counter holds the 2-byte address of the next instruction to be fetched. The PC is initialized with 0x00 at reset and is
incremented after each instruction is performed. Note that the
amount that is added to the PC depends on the number of bytes
in the instruction; therefore, the increment can range from one
to three bytes. The program counter is not directly accessible to
the user but can be directly modified by CALL and JMP instructions that change which part of the program is active.
Instruction Register (IR)
The instruction register holds the opcode of the instruction being
executed. The opcode is the binary code that results from assembling an instruction. This register is not directly accessible to
the user.
Register Banks
There are four banks, each containing an 8-byte-wide register,
for a total of 32 bytes of registers. These registers are convenient
for temporary storage of mathematical operands. An instruction
involving the accumulator and a register can be executed in one
clock cycle, as opposed to two clock cycles to perform an instruction involving the accumulator and a literal or a byte of generalpurpose RAM. The register banks are located in the first 32 bytes
of RAM.
The active register bank is selected by the RS0 and RS1 bits in
the program status word SFR (PSW, Address 0xD0).
Accumulator
The accumulator is a working register, storing the results of
many arithmetic or logical operations. The accumulator is used
in more than half of the 8052 instructions where it is usually
referred to as A. The status register (PSW) constantly monitors
the number of bits that are set in the accumulator to determine
if it has even or odd parity. The accumulator is stored in the
SFR space (see Table 56).
Program Status Word (PSW)
The PSW register (PSW, Address 0xD0) reflects the status of
arithmetic and logical operations through carry, auxiliary carry,
and overflow flags. The parity flag reflects the parity of the contents
of the accumulator, which can be helpful for communication
protocols. The program status word SFR is bit addressable (see
Table 57).
Data Pointer (DPTR)
The data pointer SFR (DPTR, Address 0x82 and Address 0x83)
is made up of two 8-bit registers: DPL (low byte, Address 0x82),
and DPH (high byte, Address 0x83). These SFRs provide memory
addresses for internal code and data access. The DPTR can be
manipulated as a 16-bit register (DPTR = DPH, DPL) or as two
independent 8-bit registers (DPH and DPL) (see Table 59 and
Table 60).
The 8052 MCU core architecture supports dual data pointers
(see the 8052 MCU Core Architecture section).
Stack Pointer (SP)
The stack pointer SFR (SP, Address 0x81) keeps track of the
current address of the top of the stack. To push a byte of data
onto the stack, the stack pointer is incremented and the data is
moved to the new top of the stack. To pop a byte of data off the
stack, the top byte of data is moved into the awaiting address
and the stack pointer is decremented. The stack is a last in first
out (LIFO) method of data storage because the most recent
addition to the stack is the first to come off it.
The stack is used during CALL and RET instructions to keep
track of the address to move into the PC when returning from
the function call. The stack is also manipulated when vectoring
for interrupts, to keep track of the prior state of the PC.
Rev. 0 | Page 75 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
The stack resides in the upper part of the extended internal RAM.
The SP bits (Bits[7:0]) in the stack pointer SFR (SP, Address 0x81)
and the SP bits (Bits[2:0]) in the stack pointer high SFR (SPH,
Address 0xB7) hold the address of the stack in the extended
RAM. The advantage of this solution is that the use of the
general-purpose RAM can be limited to data storage. The use
of the extended internal RAM can be limited to the stack or,
alternatively, split between the stack and data storage if more
space is required. This separation limits the chance of data
corruption because the stack can be contained in the upper
section of the XRAM and does not over-flow into the lower
section containing data. Data can still be stored in extended
RAM by using the MOVX command.
The default starting address for the stack is 0x100, electing the
upper 1792 bytes of XRAM for the stack operation. The starting
address can be reconfigured to reduce the stack by writing to
the SPH[5:3] bits. These three bits set the value of the three most
significant bits of the stack pointer. For example, setting the
SPH[5:3] to a value of 110b moves the default starting address
of the stack to 0x600, allowing the highest 512 bytes of the XRAM
to be used for stack operation. If the situation occurs that the
stack reaches the top of the XRAM and overflows, the stack
pointer rolls over to the default starting address that is written
in SPH[5:3]. Care should be taken if altering the default starting
address of the stack because unwanted overwrite operations
may occur, should the stack overflow or underflow.
Stack Boundary Protection
As a warning signal that the stack pointer is extending outside
the specified range, a stack boundary protection feature is included.
This feature is controlled through the stack boundary SFR
(STCON, Address 0xBF) and is disabled by default. To enable
this feature, the boundary protection enable bit (SBE, Bit 1)
should be set in the STCON SFR.
The stack boundary protection works in two ways to protect the
remainder of the XRAM from being corrupted. The waterline
detection feature monitors the top of the stack and warns the
user when the stack pointer is reaching the overflow point. By
setting STCON[7:3], the level of the waterline below the top of
the XRAM can be set. For example, by setting STCON[7:3] to
the maximum value of 0x1F, the waterline is set to its minimum
value of 0x7FF − 0x1F = 0x7F0. Similarly, by setting STCON[7:3]
to 0x1, the waterline is set at the top of the RAM space,
Address 0x7FE. Note that if STCON[7:3] is set to 000b, the
feature is effectively disabled and no interrupt or reset is generated.
The bottom of the stack is also preserved by the stack boundary
feature. Should the stack pointer be written to a value lower
than the default stack starting address defined in SPH[5:3],
a warning is issued and the perpetrating command is ignored.
The protection for both the waterline and the stack starting
address are enabled simultaneously by setting SBE (Bit 1) in the
STCON SFR.
When enabled, the stack boundary protection can be configured
to either reset the part or trigger an interrupt when a stack violation occurs. The value of the INT_RST bit (Bit 2) of the STCON
SFR (Address 0xBF) determines the response of the part. When
STCON[2] is set to 0x1 and the stack pointer exceeds the waterline,
the part resets immediately, no matter what other routines are
in progress. If an attempt is made to move the stack pointer below
the default stack starting address when STCON[2] is high, a reset
also occurs. If an interrupt response is selected, the watchdog
interrupt service routine is entered, assuming that there is no
higher level interrupt currently being serviced. Note that once the
SBE bit (Bit 1) of the STCON SFR is enabled, an interrupt(or reset)
triggers if the stack boundary is violated, regardless of the status
of the EA bit (Bit 7) in the interrupt enable SFR (IE, Address 0xA8).
This is because the watchdog interrupt is automatically configured
as a high priority interrupt and, therefore, is not disabled by
clearing EA. When the SBE bit (Bit 1) of the STCON SFR
(Address 0xBF) is low, the feature is completely disabled and no
pending interrupts are generated.
There are two separate flags associated with the stack boundary
protection, allowing the cause of the violation to be determined.
When the waterline is exceeded, a flag is set in WTRLFG (Bit 0)
of the stack boundary SFR (STCON, Address 0xBF), indicating that
the reset/interrupt was initiated by the stack waterline monitor.
This flag remains high until the stack pointer falls below the waterline and the user clears the flag in software. A waterline or
watchdog reset alone does not clear the flag. To successfully clear
the flag, the software clear must occur while the stack pointer is
below the waterline.
Note that the stack pointer should never be altered while in the
interrupt service routine because this leads to the program
returning to a different section of the program and, therefore,
malfunctioning. An external reset also causes the waterline flag
to reset.
When an attempt is made to move the stack pointer below the
stack starting address, a flag (SBFLG, Bit 0) is set in the stack
pointer high SFR (SPH, Address 0xB7), indicating that the reset/
interrupt was initiated by the stack bottom monitor. Once again,
a boundary or watchdog reset alone does not clear this flag, and
the user must clear the flag in software to successfully acknowledge
the event. Note that if SPH[5:3] and SPH[2:0] are altered simultaneously to reduce the default stack starting address, when the
stack boundary condition is enabled, a stack violation condition
occurs and the stack bottom flag, SPH[6], is initiated. To avoid
this condition, it is recommended that the default stack starting
address remain at 0x100 or be increased to further up the XRAM.
Rev. 0 | Page 76 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
A useful implementation of the waterline feature is to determine
the amount of space required for the stack and allow a suitable
default starting address to be selected. This optimizes the use
of the additional XRAM space, allowing it to be used for data
storage. To obtain this information, the waterline should be set
to the estimated stack maximum and the interrupt enabled. If
the stack exceeds the estimated maximum, the interrupt triggers,
and the waterline level should be increased in the interrupt
service routine. Before returning to the main program, the
waterline interrupt status flag (WTRLFG, Bit 0) of the stack
boundary SFR (STCON, Address 0xBF) should be cleared. This
program continues to jump to the waterline service routine
until the stack no longer exceeds the waterline level and the
maximum stack level is determined.
0x7FF
0x7FF-STCON[7:3]
{SPH[5:3], 0x00}
I/O Port SFRs
The 8052 core supports four I/O ports, P0 through P3, where
Port 0 and Port 2 are typically used for access to external code
and data spaces. The ADE5166/ADE5169, unlike standard 8052
products, provide internal nonvolatile flash memory so that an
external code space is unnecessary. The on-chip LCD driver
requires many pins, some of which are dedicated for LCD
functionality and others that can be configured at LCD or
general-purpose I/O. Due to the limited number of I/O pins,
the ADE5166/ADE5169 do not allow access to external code
and data spaces.
The ADE5166/ADE5169 provide 20 pins that can be used for
general-purpose I/O. These pins are mapped to Port 0, Port 1, and
Port 2 and are accessed through three bit-addressable 8052 SFRs:
P0, P1, and P2. Another enhanced feature of the ADE5166/
ADE5169 is that the weak pull-ups standard on 8052 Port 1,
Port 2, and Port 3 can be disabled to make open-drain outputs,
as is standard on Port 0. The weak pull-ups can be enabled on
a pin-by-pin basis (see the I/O Ports section).
WATERLINE
STACK STARTING
ADDRESS
2kB OF
ON-CHIP x-RAM
0xFF
Power Control Register (PCON, Address 0x87)
(DATA)
0x00
07411-119
256 BYTES
OF RAM
0x00
for a highest priority power supply management interrupt, PSM
(see the Interrupt System section).
Figure 77. Extended Stack Pointer Operation
STANDARD 8052 SFRS
The standard 8052 SFRs include the accumulator (ACC), B, PSW,
DPTR, and SP SFRs, as described in the Basic 8052 Registers
section. The 8052 also defines standard timers, serial port
interfaces, interrupts, I/O ports, and power-down modes.
Timer SFRs
The 8052 contains three 16-bit timers, the identical Timer 0 and
Timer 1, as well as a Timer 2. These timers can also function as
event counters. Timer 2 has a capture feature in which the value
of the timer can be captured in two 8-bit registers upon the
assertion of an external input signal (see the Timers section).
Serial Port SFRs
The two full-duplex serial port peripherals each require two
registers, one for setting up the baud rate and other communication
parameters, and another byte for the transmit/receive buffer. The
ADE5166/ADE5169 also provide enhanced serial port functionality with a dedicated timer for baud rate generation with a
fractional divisor and additional error detection (see the UART
Serial Interface section and the UART2 Serial Interface section.)
Interrupt SFR
There is a two-tiered interrupt system standard in the 8052
core. The priority level for each interrupt source is individually
selectable as high or low. TheADE5166/ADE5169 enhance this
interrupt system by creating, in essence, a third interrupt tier
The 8052 core defines two power-down modes: power-down
and idle. The ADE5166/ADE5169 enhance the power control
capability of the traditional 8052 MCU with additional power
management functions. The POWCON register is used to
define power control specific functionality for the ADE5166/
ADE5169. The program control SFR (PCON, Address 0x87) is
not bit addressable (see the Power Management section).
The ADE5166/ADE5169 provide many other peripherals not
standard to the 8052 core, for example:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
ADE energy measurement DSP
Full RTC
LCD driver
Battery switchover/power management
Temperature ADC
Battery ADC
SPI/I2C communication
Flash memory controller
Watchdog timer
Secondary UART port
MEMORY OVERVIEW
The ADE5166/ADE5169 contain three memory blocks.
•
•
•
62 kB of on-chip Flash/EE program and data memory
256 bytes of general-purpose RAM
2 kB of internal extended RAM (XRAM)
The 256 bytes of general-purpose RAM share the upper 128 bytes
of its address space with the SFRs. All of the memory spaces are
shown in Figure 76. The addressing mode specifies which
memory space to access.
Rev. 0 | Page 77 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
BYTE
ADDRESS
General-purpose RAM resides in Memory Location 0x00
through Memory Location 0xFF. It contains the register banks.
0x7F
GENERAL-PURPOSE
AREA
0x30
0x2F
BIT-ADDRESSABLE
(BIT ADDRESSES)
BANKS
SELECTED
VIA
BITS IN PSW
0x20
0x1F
11
0x18
0x17
10
0x10
0x0F
FOUR BANKS OF EIGHT
REGISTERS R0 TO R7
BIT ADDRESSES (HEXA)
0x2F
7F
7E
7D
7C
7B
7A
79
78
0x2E
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
0x2D
6F
6E
6D
6C
6B
6A
69
68
0x2C
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
0x2B
5F
5E
5D
5C
5B
5A
59
58
0x2A
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
0x29
4F
4E
4D
4C
4B
4A
49
48
0x28
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
0x27
3F
3E
3D
3C
3B
3A
39
38
0x26
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
0x25
2F
2E
2D
2C
2B
2A
29
28
0x24
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
0x23
1F
1E
1D
1C
1B
1A
19
18
0x22
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
0x21
0F
0E
0D
0C
0B
0A
09
08
0x20
07
06
05
04
03
02
01
00
07411-060
General-Purpose RAM
Figure 80. Bit Addressable Area of General-Purpose RAM
01
00
RESET VALUE OF
STACK POINTER
0x00
Figure 78. Lower 128 Bytes of Internal Data Memory
Special Function Registers (SFRs)
Address 0x80 through Address 0xFF of general-purpose RAM
are shared with the SFRs. The mode of addressing determines
which memory space is accessed, as shown in Figure 79.
0xFF
0x80
0x7F
ACCESSIBLE BY
INDIRECT ADDRESSING
ONLY
ACCESSIBLE BY
DIRECT ADDRESSING
ONLY
0x00
Extended Internal RAM (XRAM)
07411-059
SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS (SFRs)
Special function registers are registers that affect the function
of the 8051 core or its peripherals. These registers are located
in RAM at Address 0x80 through Address 0xFF. They are
accessible only through direct addressing, as shown in Figure 79.
The individual bits of some of the SFRs can be accessed for use
in Boolean and program branching instructions. These SFRs are
labeled as bit addressable, and the bit addresses are given in
Table 14.
ACCESSIBLE BY
DIRECT AND INDIRECT
ADDRESSING
GENERAL-PURPOSE RAM
Bit addressing can be used for instructions that involve Boolean
variable manipulation and program branching (see the Instruction
Set section).
Figure 79. General-Purpose RAM and SFR Memory Address Overlap
Both direct and indirect addressing can be used to access generalpurpose RAM from 0x00 through 0x7F, but indirect addressing
must be used to access general-purpose RAM with addresses in
the range from 0x80 through 0xFF because they share the same
address space with the SFRs.
The 8052 core also has the means to access individual bits of
certain addresses in the general-purpose RAM and special
function memory spaces. The individual bits of general-purpose
RAM, Address 0x20 to Address 0x2F, can be accessed through
Bit Address 0x00 to Bit Address 0x7F. The benefit of bit addressing
is that the individual bits can be accessed quickly, without the
need for bit masking, which takes more code memory and
execution time. The bit addresses for general-purpose RAM
Address 0x20 through Address 0x2F can be seen in Figure 80.
The ADE5166/ADE5169 provide 2 kB of extended on-chip
RAM. No external RAM is supported. This RAM is located in
Address 0x00 through Address 0x7FF in the extended RAM
space. To select the extended RAM memory space, the extended
indirect addressing modes are used.
0x7FF
2kB OF
EXTENDED INTERNAL
RAM (XRAM)
0x00
07411-061
0x07
07411-058
0x08
Figure 81. Extended Internal RAM (XRAM) Space
Code Memory
Code and data memory is stored in the 62 kB flash memory
space. No external code memory is supported. To access code
memory, code indirect addressing is used.
ADDRESSING MODES
The 8052 core provides several addressing modes. The addressing mode determines how the core interprets the memory location
or data value specified in assembly language code. There are six
addressing modes, as shown in Table 66.
Rev. 0 | Page 78 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Extended Direct Addressing
Table 66. 8052 Addressing Modes
Addressing Mode
Immediate
Direct
Indirect
Extended Direct
Extended Indirect
Code Indirect
Example
MOV A, #A8h
MOV DPTR, #A8h
MOV A, A8h
MOV A, IE
MOV A, R0
MOV A, @R0
MOVX A, @DPTR
MOVX A, @R0
MOVC A, @A+DPTR
MOVC A, @A+PC
JMP @A+DPTR
Bytes
2
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Core Clock
Cycles
2
3
2
2
1
2
4
4
4
4
3
Immediate Addressing
In immediate addressing, the expression entered after the number
sign (#) is evaluated by the assembler and stored in the memory
address specified. This number is referred to as a literal because
it refers only to a value and not to a memory location. Instructions
using this addressing mode are slower than those between two
registers because the literal must be stored and fetched from
memory. The expression can be entered as a symbolic variable
or an arithmetic expression; the value is computed by the
assembler.
Direct Addressing
With direct addressing, the value at the source address is moved
to the destination address. Direct addressing provides the fastest
execution time of all the addressing modes when an instruction
is performed between registers using direct addressing. Note that
indirect or direct addressing modes can be used to access generalpurpose RAM Address 0x00 through Address 0x7F. An instruction
with direct addressing that uses an address between 0x80 and
0xFF is referring to a special function memory location.
Indirect Addressing
With indirect addressing, the value pointed to by the register is
moved to the destination address. For example, to move the
contents of internal RAM Address 0x82 to the accumulator, use
the following two instructions, which require a total of four
clock cycles and three bytes of storage in the program memory:
MOV
R0,#82h
MOV
A,@R0
The DPTR register is used to access internal extended RAM in
extended indirect addressing mode. The ADE5166/ADE5169
provide 2 kB of internal extended RAM (XRAM), accessed
through MOVX instructions. External memory spaces are not
supported on the ADE5166/ADE5169.
In extended direct addressing mode, the DPTR register points
to the address of the byte of extended RAM. The following code
moves the contents of extended RAM Address 0x100 to the
accumulator:
MOV
DPTR,#100h
MOVX
A,@DPTR
These two instructions require a total of seven clock cycles and
four bytes of storage in the program memory.
Extended Indirect Addressing
The internal extended RAM is accessed through a pointer to the
address in indirect addressing mode. The ADE5166/ADE5169
provide 2 kB of internal extended RAM, accessed through MOVX
instructions. External memory is not supported on the ADE5166/
ADE5169.
In extended indirect addressing mode, a register holds the
address of the byte of extended RAM. The following code
moves the contents of extended RAM Address 0x80 to the
accumulator:
MOV
R0, #80h
MOVX
A, @R0
These two instructions require six clock cycles and three bytes
of storage.
Note that there are 2 kB of extended RAM, so both extended
direct and extended indirect addressing can cover the whole
address range. There is a storage and speed advantage to using
extended indirect addressing because the additional byte of
addressing available through the DPTR register that is not
needed is not stored.
From the three examples demonstrating the access of internal
RAM from 0x80 through 0xFF and extended internal RAM
from 0x00 through 0xFF, it can be seen that it is most efficient
to use the entire internal RAM accessible through indirect
access before moving to extended RAM.
Code Indirect Addressing
Indirect addressing allows addresses to be computed and is
useful for indexing into data arrays stored in RAM.
Note that an instruction that refers to Address 0x00 through
Address 0x7F is referring to internal RAM, and indirect or direct
addressing modes can be used. An instruction with indirect
addressing that uses an address between 0x80 and 0xFF is
referring to internal RAM, not to an SFR.
The internal code memory can be accessed indirectly. This can be
useful for implementing lookup tables and other arrays of constants
that are stored in flash memory. For example, to move the data
stored in flash memory at Address 0x8002 into the accumulator,
MOV
DPTR,#8002h
CLR
A
MOVX
A,@A+DPTR
The accumulator can be used as a variable index into the array
of flash memory located at DPTR.
Rev. 0 | Page 79 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
INSTRUCTION SET
Table 67 documents the number of clock cycles required for each instruction. Most instructions are executed in one or two clock cycles,
resulting in a 4-MIPS peak performance. Note that, throughout this section, A represents the accumulator.
Table 67. Instruction Set
Mnemonic
Arithmetic
ADD A, Rn
ADD A, @Ri
ADD A, dir
ADD A, #data
ADDC A, Rn 1 1
ADDC A, @Ri
ADDC A, dir
ADDC A, #data
SUBB A, Rn
SUBB A, @Ri
SUBB A, dir
SUBB A, #data
INC A
INC Rn
INC @
INC dir
INC DPTR
DEC A
DEC Rn
DEC @Ri
DEC dir
MUL AB
DIV AB
DA A
Logic
ANL A, Rn
ANL A, @Ri
ANL A, dir
ANL A, #data
ANL dir, A
ANL dir, #data
ORL A, Rn
ORL A, @Ri
ORL A, dir
ORL A, #data
ORL dir, A
ORL dir, #data
XRL A, Rn
XRL A, @Ri
XRL A, #data
XRL dir, A
XRL A, dir
XRL dir, #data
CLR A
CPL A
SWAP A
RL A
Description
Bytes
Cycles
Add register to A
Add indirect memory to A
Add direct byte to A
Add Immediate to A
Add register to A with carry
Add indirect memory to A with carry
Add direct byte to A with carry
Add immediate to A with carry
Subtract register from A with borrow
Subtract indirect memory from A with borrow
Subtract direct from A with borrow
Subtract immediate from A with borrow
Increment A
Increment register
Ri increment indirect memory
Increment direct byte
Increment data pointer
Decrement A
Decrement register
Decrement indirect memory
Decrement direct byte
Multiply A by B
Divide A by B
Decimal Adjust A
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
3
1
1
2
2
9
9
2
AND register to A
AND indirect memory to A
AND direct byte to A
AND immediate to A
AND A to direct byte
AND immediate data to direct byte
OR register to A
OR indirect memory to A
OR direct byte to A
OR immediate to A
OR A to direct byte
OR immediate data to direct byte
Exclusive-OR register to A
Exclusive-OR indirect memory to A
Exclusive-OR immediate to A
Exclusive-OR A to direct byte
Exclusive-OR indirect memory to A
Exclusive-OR immediate data to direct
Clear A
Complement A
Swap nibbles of A
Rotate A left
1
1
2
2
2
3
1
1
2
2
2
3
1
2
2
2
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
1
2
2
2
2
3
1
2
2
2
2
3
1
1
1
1
Rev. 0 | Page 80 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Mnemonic
RLC A
RR A
RRC A
Data Transfer
MOV A, Rn
MOV A, @Ri
MOV Rn, A
MOV @Ri, A
MOV A, dir
MOV A, #data
MOV Rn, #data
MOV dir, A
MOV Rn, dir
MOV dir, Rn
MOV @Ri, #data
MOV dir, @Ri
MOV @Ri, dir
MOV dir, dir
MOV dir, #data
MOV DPTR, #data
MOVC A, @A+DPTR
MOVC A, @A+PC
MOVX A, @Ri
MOVX A, @DPTR
MOVX @Ri, A
MOVX @DPTR, A
PUSH dir
POP dir
XCH A, Rn
XCH A, @Ri
XCHD A, @Ri
XCH A, dir
Boolean
CLR C
CLR bit
SETB C
SETB bit
CPL C
CPL bit
ANL C,bit
ANL C, /bit
ORL C, bit
ORL C, /bit OR
MOV C, bit
MOV bit, C
Branching
JMP @A+DPTR
RET
RETI
ACALL addr11
AJMP addr11
SJMP rel
JC rel
Description
Rotate A left through carry
Rotate A right
Rotate A right through carry
Bytes
1
1
1
Cycles
1
1
1
Move register to A
Move indirect memory to A
Move A to register
Move A to indirect memory
Move direct byte to A
Move immediate to A
Move register to immediate
Move A to direct byte
Move register to direct byte
Move direct to register
Move immediate to indirect memory
Move indirect to direct memory
Move direct to indirect memory
Move direct byte to direct byte
Move immediate to direct byte
Move immediate to data pointer
Move code byte relative DPTR to A
Move code byte relative PC to A
Move external (A8) data to A
Move external (A16) data to A
Move A to external data (A8)
Move A to external data (A16)
Push direct byte onto stack
Pop direct byte from stack
Exchange A and register
Exchange A and indirect memory
Exchange A and indirect memory nibble
Exchange A and direct byte
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
2
2
1
2
2
2
Clear carry
Clear direct bit
Set carry
Set direct bit
Complement carry
Complement direct bit
AND direct bit and carry
AND direct bit inverse to carry
OR direct bit and carry
Direct bit inverse to carry
Move direct bit to carry
Move carry to direct bit
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Jump indirect relative to DPTR
Return from subroutine
Return from interrupt
Absolute jump to subroutine
Absolute jump unconditional
Short jump (relative address)
Jump on carry equal to 1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
4
4
3
3
3
3
Rev. 0 | Page 81 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Mnemonic
JNC rel
JZ rel
JNZ rel
DJNZ Rn, rel
LJMP
LCALL addr16
JB bit, rel
JNB bit, rel
JBC bit, rel
CJNE A, dir, rel
CJNE A, #data, rel
CJNE Rn, #data, rel
CJNE @Ri, #data, rel
DJNZ dir, rel
Miscellaneous
NOP
Description
Jump on carry = 0
Jump on accumulator = 0
Jump on accumulator ≠ 0
Decrement register, JNZ relative
Long jump unconditional
Long jump to subroutine
Jump on direct bit = 1
Jump on direct bit = 0
Jump on direct bit = 1 and clear
Compare A, direct JNE relative
Compare A, immediate JNE relative
Compare register, immediate JNE relative
Compare indirect, immediate JNE relative
Decrement direct byte, JNZ relative
Bytes
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Cycles
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
No operation
1
1
READ-MODIFY-WRITE INSTRUCTIONS
INSTRUCTIONS THAT AFFECT FLAGS
Some 8052 instructions read the latch and others read the pin.
The state of the pin is read for instructions that input a port bit.
Instructions that read the latch rather than the pins are the ones
that read a value, possibly change it, and rewrite it to the latch.
Because these instructions involve modifying the port, it is
assumed that the pins being modified are outputs, so the output
state of the pin is read from the latch. This prevents a possible
misinterpretation of the voltage level of a pin. For example, if a
port pin is used to drive the base of a transistor, a 1 is written to
the bit to turn on the transistor. If the CPU reads the same port
bit at the pin rather than the latch, it reads the base voltage of
the transistor and interprets it as Logic 0. Reading the latch
rather than the pin returns the correct value of 1.
Many instructions explicitly modify the carry bit, such as the
MOV C bit and CLR C instructions. Other instructions that
affect status flags are listed in this section.
The instructions that read the latch rather than the pins are
called read-modify-write instructions and are listed in Table 68.
When the destination operand is a port or a port bit, these
instructions read the latch rather than the pin.
Table 68. Read-Modify-Write Instructions
Instruction
ANL
ORL
XRL
JBC
CPL
INC
DEC
DJNZ
MOV PX.Y, C1
CLR PX.Y1
SETB PX.Y1
1
Example
ANL P0, A
ORL P1, A
XRL P2, A
JBC P1.1, LABEL
CPL P2.0
INC P2
DEC P2
DJNZ P0, LABEL
MOV P0.0, C
CLR P0.0
SETB P0.0
Description
Logic AND
Logic OR
Logic XOR
Jump if Bit = 1 and clear bit
Complement bit
Increment
Decrement
Decrement and jump if not zero
Move carry to Bit Y of Port X
Clear Bit Y of Port X
Set Bit Y of Port X
ADD A, Source
This instruction adds the source to the accumulator. No status
flags are referenced by the instruction.
Table 69. ADD A (Source) Affected Status Flags
Flag
C
OV
AC
Description
Set if there is a carry out of Bit 7. Cleared otherwise. Used
to indicate an overflow if the operands are unsigned.
Set if there is a carry out of Bit 6 or a carry out of Bit 7, but
not if both are set. Used to indicate an overflow for
signed addition. This flag is set if two positive operands
yield a negative result or if two negative operands yield a
positive result.
Set if there is a carry out of Bit 3. Cleared otherwise.
ADDC A, Source
This instruction adds the source and the carry bit to the accumulator. The carry status flag is referenced by the instruction.
Table 70. ADDC A (Source) Affected Status Flags
Flag
C
OV
AC
These instructions read the port byte (all eight bits), modify the addressed
bit, and write the new byte back to the latch.
Rev. 0 | Page 82 of 148
Description
Set if there is a carry out of Bit 7. Cleared otherwise. Used
to indicate an overflow if the operands are unsigned.
Set if there is a carry out of Bit 6 or a carry out of Bit 7, but
not if both are set. Used to indicate an overflow for
signed addition. This flag is set if two positive operands
yield a negative result or if two negative operands yield a
positive result.
Set if there is a carry out of Bit 3. Cleared otherwise.
ADE5166/ADE5169
SUBB A, Source
This instruction subtracts the source byte and the carry (borrow)
flag from the accumulator. It references the carry (borrow)
status flag.
to correct the lower four bits. If the carry bit is set when the instruction begins, or if 0x06 is added to the accumulator in the first step,
0x60 is added to the accumulator to correct the higher four bits.
The carry and AC status flags are referenced by this instruction.
Table 71. SUBB A (Source) Affected Status Flags
Table 74. DA A Affected Status Flag
Flag
C
Flag
C
OV
AC
Description
Set if there is a borrow needed for Bit 7. Cleared
otherwise. Used to indicate an overflow if the operands
are unsigned.
Set if there is a borrow needed for Bit 6 or Bit 7, but not
for both. Used to indicate an overflow for signed
subtraction. This flag is set if a negative number
subtracted from a positive yields a negative result or if a
positive number subtracted from a negative number
yields a positive result.
Set if a borrow is needed for Bit 3. Cleared otherwise.
MUL AB
This instruction multiplies the accumulator by the B SFR. This
operation is unsigned. The lower byte of the 16-bit product is
stored in the accumulator and the higher byte is left in the B
register. No status flags are referenced by the instruction.
Table 72. MUL AB Affected Status Flags
Flag
C
OV
Description
Cleared
Set if the result is greater than 255. Cleared otherwise.
Description
Set if the result is greater than 0x99. Cleared otherwise.
RRC A
This instruction rotates the accumulator to the right through
the carry flag. The old LSB of the accumulator becomes the new
carry flag, and the old carry flag is loaded into the new MSB of
the accumulator.
The carry status flag is referenced by this instruction.
Table 75. RRC A Affected Status Flag
Flag
C
Description
Equal to the state of ACC[0] before execution of the
instruction.
RLC A
This instruction rotates the accumulator to the left through the
carry flag. The old MSB of the accumulator becomes the new
carry flag, and the old carry flag is loaded into the new LSB of
the accumulator.
The carry status flag is referenced by this instruction.
DIV AB
Table 76. RLC A Affected Status Flag
This instruction divides the accumulator by the B SFR. This
operation is unsigned. The integer part of the quotient is stored
in the accumulator and the remainder goes into the B register.
No status flags are referenced by the instruction.
Flag
C
Table 73. DIV AB Affected Status Flags
This instruction compares the source value to the destination
value and branches to the location set by the relative jump if
they are not equal. If the values are equal, program execution
continues with the instruction after the CJNE instruction.
Flag
C
OV
Description
Cleared
Cleared unless the B register is equal to 0, in which
case the results of the division are undefined and the
OV flag is set.
DA A
This instruction adjusts the accumulator to hold two 4-bit digits
after the addition of two binary coded decimals (BCDs) with the
ADD or ADDC instructions. If the AC bit is set or if the value of
Bit 0 to Bit 3 exceeds 9, 0x06 is added to the accumulator
Description
Equal to the state of ACC[7] before execution of the
instruction.
CJNE Destination, Source, Relative Jump
No status flags are referenced by this instruction.
Table 77. CINE Destination (Source, Relative Jump)
Affected Status Flag
Flag
C
Rev. 0 | Page 83 of 148
Description
Set if the source value is greater than the destination
value. Cleared otherwise.
ADE5166/ADE5169
DUAL DATA POINTERS
Each ADE5166/ADE5169 incorporates two data pointers. The
second data pointer is a shadow data pointer and is selected via
the data pointer control SFR (DPCON, Address 0xA7). DPCON
features automatic hardware postincrement and postdecrement, as
well as an automatic data pointer toggle.
Note that this is the only section of the data sheet where the
main and shadow data pointers are distinguished. Whenever the
data pointer (DPTR) is mentioned elsewhere in the data sheet,
active DPTR is implied.
MOV DPTR,#0
;Main DPTR = 0
MOV DPCON,#55H
;Select shadow DPTR
;DPTR1 increment mode
;DPTR0 increment mode
;DPTR auto toggling ON
MOV DPTR,#0D000H
;DPTR = D000H
MOVELOOP: CLR A
MOVC A,@A+DPTR
;Get data
;Post Inc DPTR
In addition, only the MOVC/MOVX @DPTR instructions
automatically postincrement and postdecrement the DPTR.
Other MOVC/MOVX instructions, such as MOVC PC
or MOVC @Ri, do not cause the DPTR to automatically
postincrement and postdecrement.
;Swap to Main DPTR(Data)
MOVX @DPTR,A
;Put ACC in XRAM
;Increment main DPTR
;Swap Shadow DPTR(Code)
To illustrate the operation of DPCON, the following code copies
256 bytes of code memory at Address 0xD000 into XRAM,
starting from Address 0x0000:
MOV A, DPL
JNZ MOVELOOP
Table 78. Data Pointer Control SFR (DPCON, Address 0xA7)
Bit
7
6
Mnemonic
[5:4]
DP1m1,
DP1m0
0
[3:2]
DP0m1,
DP0m0
0
1
0
DPT
DPSEL
Default
0
0
0
0
Description
Not implemented. Write don’t care.
Data pointer automatic toggle enable. Cleared by the user to disable autoswapping of the DPTR.
Set in user software to enable automatic toggling of the DPTR after each MOVX or MOVC instruction.
Shadow data pointer mode. These bits enable extra modes of the shadow data pointer operation,
allowing more compact and more efficient code size and execution.
DP1m1
DP1m0
Result (Behavior of the Shadow Data Pointer)
0
0
8052 behavior.
0
1
DPTR is postincremented after a MOVX or a MOVC instruction.
1
0
DPTR is postdecremented after a MOVX or MOVC instruction.
1
1
DPTR LSB is toggled after a MOVX or MOVC instruction. This instruction can be
useful for moving 8-bit blocks to/from 16-bit devices.
Main data pointer mode. These bits enable extra modes of the main data pointer operation, allowing
more compact and more efficient code size and execution.
DP0m1
DP0m0
Result (Behavior of the Main Data Pointer)
0
0
8052 behavior.
0
1
DPTR is postincremented after a MOVX or a MOVC instruction.
1
0
DPTR is postdecremented after a MOVX or MOVC instruction.
1
1
DPTR LSB is toggled after a MOVX or MOVC instruction. This instruction is useful
for moving 8-bit blocks to/from 16-bit devices.
Not implemented. Write don’t care.
Data pointer select. Cleared by the user to select the main data pointer, meaning that the contents of
this 16-bit register are placed into the DPL SFR and DPH SFR. Set by the user to select the shadow data
pointer, meaning that the contents of a separate 16-bit register appear in the DPL SFR and DPH SFR.
Rev. 0 | Page 84 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
INTERRUPT SYSTEM
The unique power management architecture of the ADE5166/
ADE5169 includes an operating mode (PSM2) where the 8052
MCU core is shut down. Events can be configured to wake the
8052 MCU core from the PSM2 operating mode. A distinction
is drawn here between events that can trigger the wake-up of
the 8052 MCU core and events that can trigger an interrupt
when the MCU core is active. Events that can wake the core are
referred to as wake-up events, whereas events that can interrupt
the program flow when the MCU is active are called interrupts.
See the 3.3 V Peripherals and Wake-Up Events section to learn
more about events that can wake the 8052 core from PSM2 mode.
The ADE5166/ADE5169 provide 12 interrupt sources with three
priority levels. The power management interrupt is at the highest
priority level. The other two priority levels are configurable
through the interrupt priority SFR (IP, Address 0xB8) and
interrupt enable and Priority 2 SFR (IEIP2, Address 0xA9).
occur at the same time, the Priority 1 interrupt is serviced first.
An interrupt cannot be interrupted by another interrupt of the
same priority level. If two interrupts of the same priority level
occur simultaneously, a polling sequence is observed (see the
Interrupt Priority section).
INTERRUPT ARCHITECTURE
The ADE5166/ADE5169 possess advanced power supply management features. To ensure a fast response to time-critical
power supply issues, such as a loss of line power, the power
supply management interrupt should be able to interrupt any
interrupt service routine. To enable the user to have full use of
the standard 8052 interrupt priority levels, an additional priority
level is added for the power supply management (PSM) interrupt.
The PSM interrupt is the only interrupt at this highest interrupt
priority level.
HIGH
STANDARD 8052 INTERRUPT ARCHITECTURE
PRIORITY 0
PRIORITY 0
Figure 83. Interrupt Architecture
See the Power Supply Management (PSM) Interrupt section for
more information on the PSM interrupt.
PRIORITY 1
07411-062
LOW
LOW
07411-063
PRIORITY 1
The 8052 standard interrupt architecture includes two tiers of
interrupts, where some interrupts are assigned a high priority
and others are assigned a low priority.
HIGH
PSM
INTERRUPT REGISTERS
Figure 82. Standard 8052 Interrupt Priority Levels
The control and configuration of the interrupt system are carried
out through four interrupt-related SFRs, discussed in this section.
A Priority 1 interrupt can interrupt the service routine of a
Priority 0 interrupt, and if two interrupts of different priorities
Table 79. Interrupt SFRs
SFR
IE
IP
IEIP2
WDCON
Address
0xA8
0xB8
0xA9
0xC0
Default
0x00
0x00
0xA0
0x10
Bit Addressable
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Description
Interrupt enable (see Table 80).
Interrupt priority (see Table 81).
Interrupt enable and Priority 2 (see Table 82).
Watchdog timer (see Table 87 and the Writing to the Watchdog Timer SFR
(WDCON, Address 0xC0) section).
Table 80. Interrupt Enable SFR (IE, Address 0xA8)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Bit Address
0xAF
0xAE
0xAD
0xAC
0xAB
0xAA
0xA9
0xA8
Mnemonic
EA
ETEMP
ET2
ES
ET1
EX1
ET0
EX0
Description
Enables all interrupt sources. Set by the user. Cleared by the user to disable all interrupt sources.
Enables the temperature ADC interrupt. Set by the user.
Enables the Timer 2 interrupt. Set by the user.
Enables the UART serial port interrupt. Set by the user.
Enables the Timer 1 interrupt. Set by the user.
Enables the External Interrupt 1 (INT1). Set by the user.
Enables the Timer 0 interrupt. Set by the user.
Enables External Interrupt 0 (INT0). Set by the user.
Rev. 0 | Page 85 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 81. Interrupt Priority SFR (IP, Address 0xB8)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Bit Address
0xBF
0xBE
0xBD
0xBC
0xBB
0xBA
0xB9
0xB8
Mnemonic
PADE
PTEMP
PT2
PS
PT1
PX1
PT0
PX0
Description
ADE energy measurement interrupt priority (1 = high, 0 = low).
Temperature ADC interrupt priority (1 = high, 0 = low).
Timer 2 interrupt priority (1 = high, 0 = low).
UART serial port interrupt priority (1 = high, 0 = low).
Timer 1 interrupt priority (1 = high, 0 = low).
INT1 (External Interrupt 1) priority (1 = high, 0 = low).
Timer 0 interrupt priority (1 = high, 0 = low).
INT0 (External Interrupt 0) priority (1 = high, 0 = low).
Table 82. Interrupt Enable and Priority 2 SFR (IEIP2, Address 0xA9)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Mnemonic
PS2
PTI
ES2
PSI
EADE
ETI
EPSM
ESI
Description
UART2 serial port interrupt priority (1 = high, 0 = low).
RTC interrupt priority (1 = high, 0 = low).
Enables the UART2 serial port interrupt. Set by the user.
SPI/I2C interrupt priority (1 = high, 0 = low).
Enables the energy metering interrupt (ADE). Set by the user.
Enables the RTC interval timer interrupt. Set by the user.
Enables the PSM power supply management interrupt. Set by the user.
Enables the SPI/I2C interrupt. Set by the user.
INTERRUPT PRIORITY
If two interrupts of the same priority level occur simultaneously, the polling sequence is observed (as shown in Table 83).
Table 83. Priority Within Interrupt Level
Source
IPSM
IRTC
IADE
WDT
ITEMP
IE0
TF0
IE1
TF1
ISPI/I2CI
RI/TI
TF2/EXF2
RI2/TI2
Priority
0 (highest)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12 (lowest)
Description
Power supply management interrupt.
RTC interval timer interrupt.
ADE energy measurement interrupt.
Watchdog timer overflow interrupt.
Temperature ADC interrupt.
External Interrupt 0.
Timer/Counter 0 interrupt.
External Interrupt 1.
Timer/Counter 1 interrupt.
SPI/I2C interrupt.
UART serial port interrupt.
Timer/Counter 2 interrupt.
UART2 serial port interrupt.
Rev. 0 | Page 86 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
INTERRUPT FLAGS
The interrupt flags and status flags associated with the interrupt vectors are shown in Table 84 and Table 85, respectively. Most of the
interrupts have flags associated with them.
Table 84. Interrupt Flags
Interrupt Source
IE0
TF0
IE1
TF1
RI + TI
RI2 + TI2
TF2 + EXF2
ITEMP (Temperature ADC)
IPSM (Power Supply)
IADE (Energy Measurement DSP)
Flag
TCON.1
TCON.5
TCON.3
TCON.7
SCON.1
SCON.0
SCON2.1
SCON2.0
T2CON.7
T2CON.6
N/A
IPSMF.6
MIRQSTL.7
Bit Name
IE0
TF0
IE1
TF1
TI
RI
TI2
RI2
TF2
EXF2
N/A
FPSM
ADEIRQFLAG
Description
External Interrupt 0.
Timer 0.
External Interrupt 1.
Timer 1.
Transmit interrupt.
Receive interrupt.
Transmit 2 interrupt
Receive 2 interrupt
Timer 2 overflow flag.
Timer 2 external flag.
Temperature ADC interrupt. Does not have an interrupt flag associated with it.
PSM interrupt flag.
Read MIRQSTH, MIRQSTM, MIRQSTL.
Flag
N/A
SPI2CSTAT 1
SPI2CSTAT
TIMECON.6
TIMECON.2
WDCON.2
Bit Address
N/A
N/A
N/A
ALFLAG
ITFLAG
WDS
Description
Temperature ADC interrupt. Does not have a status flag associated with it.
SPI interrupt status register.
I2C interrupt status register.
RTC alarm flag.
RTC interrupt flag.
Watchdog timeout flag.
Table 85. Status Flags
Interrupt Source
ITEMP (Temperature ADC)
ISPI/I2CI
IRTC (RTC Interval Timer)
WDT (Watchdog Timer)
1
There is no specific flag for ISPI/I2CI; however, all flags for SPI2CSTAT need to be read to assess the reason for the interrupt.
A functional block diagram of the interrupt system is shown in
Figure 84. Note that the PSM interrupt is the only interrupt in
the highest priority level.
remain pending until the I2C/SPI interrupt vectors are enabled.
Their respective interrupt service routines are entered shortly
thereafter.
If an external wake-up event occurs to wake the ADE5166/
ADE5169 from PSM2 mode, a pending external interrupt is
generated. When the EX0 bit (Bit 0) or the EX1 bit (Bit2) in the
interrupt enable SFR (IE, Address 0xA8) is set to enable external
interrupts, the program counter is loaded with the IE0 or IE1
interrupt vector. The IE0 and IE1 interrupt flags (Bit 1 and Bit 3,
respectively) in the Timer/Counter 0 and Timer/Counter 1 control
SFR (TCON, Address 0x88) are not affected by events that occur
when the 8052 MCU core is shut down during PSM2 mode (see
the Power Supply Management (PSM) Interrupt section).
The RTC interrupts are driven by the alarm and interval flags.
Pending RTC interrupts can be cleared without entering the
interrupt service routine, by clearing the corresponding RTC
flag in software. Entering the interrupt service routine alone
does not clear the RTC interrupt.
The temperature ADC and I2C/SPI interrupts are latched such
that pending interrupts cannot be cleared without entering their
respective interrupt service routines. Clearing the I2C/SPI status
bits in the SPI interrupt status SFR (SPISTAT, Address 0xEA)
does not cancel a pending I2C/SPI interrupt. These interrupts
Figure 84 shows how the interrupts are cleared when the interrupt service routines are entered. Some interrupts with multiple
interrupt sources are not automatically cleared; specifically, the
PSM, ADE, UART, UART2 and Timer 2 interrupt vectors. Note
that the INT0 and INT1 interrupts are cleared only if the external
interrupt is configured to be triggered by a falling edge by setting
IT0 (Bit 0) in the Timer/Counter 0 and Timer/Counter 1 control
SFR (TCON, Address 0x88). If INT0 or INT1 is configured to
interrupt on a low level, the interrupt service routine is
reentered until the respective pin goes high.
Rev. 0 | Page 87 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
IE/IEIP2 REGISTERS
PSM
RTC
ADE
WATCHDOG
TEMP ADC
EXTERNAL
INTERRUPT 0
TIMER 0
EXTERNAL
INTERRUPT 1
IP/IEIP2 REGISTERS
PRIORITY LEVEL
LOW
IPSMF
HIGH HIGHEST
FPSM
(IPSMF.6)
IPSME
INTERVAL
ALARM
MIRQSTH
MIRQSTM
MIRQSTL
MIRQENH
MIRQENM
MIRQENL
MIRQSTL.7
WATCHDOG TIMEOUT
WDIR
IN/OUT
LATCH
RESET
TEMPADC INTERRUPT
INT0
PSM2
IT0
0
IE0
1
IT0
TF0
INTERRUPT
POLLING
SEQUENCE
PSM2
IT1
INT1 0
IE1
1
IT1
TF1
TIMER 1
SPI INTERRUPT CFG.5
1
I2C INTERRUPT
UART
RI
TI
UART2
RI2
TI2
TIMER 2
0
IN/OUT
LATCH
RESET
TF2
EXF2
INDIVIDUAL
INTERRUPT
ENABLE
GLOBAL
INTERRUPT
ENABLE (EA)
Figure 84. Interrupt System Functional Block Diagram
Rev. 0 | Page 88 of 148
LEGEND
AUTOMATIC
CLEAR SIGNAL
07411-064
I2C/SPI
ADE5166/ADE5169
INTERRUPT VECTORS
When an interrupt occurs, the program counter is pushed onto the
stack, and the corresponding interrupt vector address is loaded
into the program counter. When the interrupt service routine is
complete, the program counter is popped off the stack by a RETI
instruction. This allows program execution to resume from where
it was interrupted. The interrupt vector addresses are shown in
Table 86.
Table 86. Interrupt Vector Addresses
Source
IE0
TF0
IE1
TF1
RI + TI
TF2 + EXF2
ITEMP (Temperature ADC)
ISPI/I2CI
IPSM (Power Supply)
IADE (Energy Measurement DSP)
IRTC (RTC Interval Timer)
WDT (Watchdog Timer)
RI2 + TI2
Vector Address
0x0003
0x000B
0x0013
0x001B
0x0023
0x002B
0x0033
0x003B
0x0043
0x004B
0x0053
0x005B
0x0063
generated during a low priority interrupt RETI, followed by
a multiply instruction. This results in a maximum interrupt
latency of 16.25 instruction cycles, 4 μs with a clock of 4.096 MHz.
CONTEXT SAVING
When the 8052 vectors to an interrupt, only the program counter
is saved on the stack. Therefore, the interrupt service routine must
be written to ensure that registers used in the main program are
restored to their pre-interrupt state. Common SFRs that can be
modified in the ISR are the accumulator register and the PSW
register. Any general-purpose registers that are used as scratch
pads in the ISR should also be restored before exiting the
interrupt. The following example 8052 code shows how to
restore some commonly used registers:
GeneralISR:
; save the current Accumulator value
PUSH
ACC
; save the current status and register bank
selection
PUSH
PSW
; service interrupt
…
INTERRUPT LATENCY
The 8052 architecture requires that at least one instruction
execute between interrupts. To ensure this, the 8052 MCU
core hardware prevents the program counter from jumping to
an ISR immediately after completing a RETI instruction or an
access of the IP and IE SFRs.
; restore the status and register bank
selection
POP
PSW
; restore the accumulator
The shortest interrupt latency is 3.25 instruction cycles, 800 ns
with a clock of 4.096 MHz. The longest interrupt latency for
a high priority interrupt results when a pending interrupt is
Rev. 0 | Page 89 of 148
POP
RETI
ACC
ADE5166/ADE5169
WATCHDOG TIMER
The watchdog timer generates a device reset or interrupt within
a reasonable amount of time if the ADE5166/ADE5169 enter an
erroneous state, possibly due to a programming error or electrical
noise. The watchdog is enabled by default with a timeout of two
seconds and creates a system reset if not cleared within two
seconds. The watchdog function can be disabled by clearing the
watchdog enable bit (WDE, Bit 1) in the watchdog timer SFR
(WDCON, Address 0xC0).
The watchdog circuit generates a system reset or interrupt
(WDS, Bit 2) if the user program fails to set the WDE bit within
a predetermined amount of time (set by the PRE bits, Bits[7:4]).
The watchdog timer is clocked from the 32.768 kHz external
crystal connected between the XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins.
The WDCON SFR can be written to only by user software if the
double write sequence described in Table 87 is initiated on every
write access to the WDCON SFR.
To prevent any code from inadvertently disabling the watchdog,
a watchdog protection can be activated. This watchdog protection
locks in the watchdog enable and event settings so they cannot
be changed by user code. The protection is activated by clearing
a watchdog protection bit in the flash memory. The watchdog
protection bit is the most significant bit at Address 0x3FFA of
the flash memory. When this bit is cleared, the WDIR bit (Bit 3) is
forced to 0, and the WDE bit is forced to 1. Note that the sequence
for configuring the flash protection bits must be followed to
modify the watchdog protection bit at Address 0x3FFA (see the
Protecting the Flash section).
Table 87. Watchdog Timer SFR (WDCON, Address 0xC0)
Bit
[7:4]
Address
0xC7 to 0xC4
Mnemonic
PRE
Default
7
Description
Watchdog prescaler. In normal mode, the 16-bit watchdog timer is clocked by the input
clock (32.768 kHz). The PRE bits set which of the upper bits of the counter are used as the
watchdog output, as follows:
tWATCHDOG = 2PRE ×
3
0xC3
WDIR
0
2
0xC2
WDS
0
1
0xC1
WDE
1
0
0xC0
WDWR
0
29
XTAL1
PRE[3:0]
Result (Watchdog Timeout)
0000
15.6 ms
0001
31.2 ms
0010
62.5 ms
0011
125 ms
0100
250 ms
0101
500 ms
0110
1 sec
0111
2 sec
1000
0 sec, automatic reset
1001
0 sec, serial download reset
1010 to 1111
Not a valid selection
Watchdog interrupt response bit. When cleared, the watchdog generates a system reset
when the watchdog timeout period has expired. When set, the watchdog generates an
interrupt when the watchdog timeout period has expired.
Watchdog status bit. This bit is set to indicate that a watchdog timeout has occurred. It is
cleared by writing a 0 or by an external hardware reset. A watchdog reset does not clear
WDS; therefore, it can be used to distinguish between a watchdog reset and a hardware
reset from the RESET pin.
Watchdog enable bit. When set, this bit enables the watchdog and clears its counter. The
watchdog counter is subsequently cleared again whenever WDE is set. If the watchdog is
not cleared within its selected timeout period, it generates a system reset or watchdog
interrupt, depending on the WDIR bit.
Watchdog write enable bit (see the Writing to the Watchdog Timer SFR (WDCON, Address
0xC0) section).
Rev. 0 | Page 90 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 88. Watchdog and Flash Protection Byte in Flash (Flash Address = 0x3FFA)
Bit
7
Mnemonic
WDPROT_PROTKY7
Default
1
[6:0]
PROTKY[6:0]
0xFF
Description
This bit holds the protection for the watchdog timer and the seventh bit of the flash protection key.
When this bit is cleared, the watchdog enable and event bits WDE and WDIR cannot be changed
by user code. The watchdog configuration is then fixed to WDIR = 0 and WDE = 1. The watchdog
timeout in PRE (Bits[7:4]) can still be modified by user code.
The value of this bit is also used to set the flash protection key. If this bit is cleared to protect the
watchdog, then the default value for the flash protection key is 0x7F instead of 0xFF (see the
Protecting the Flash section for more information on how to clear this bit).
These bits hold the flash protection key. The content of this flash address is compared to the flash
protection key SFR (PROTKY, Address 0xBB) when the protection is being set or changed. If the
two values match, the new protection is written to the flash Address 0x3FFF to Address 0x3FFB.
See the Protecting the Flash section for more information on how to configure these bits.
Writing to the Watchdog Timer SFR (WDCON, Address 0xC0)
Watchdog Timer Interrupt
Writing data to the WDCON SFR involves a double instruction
sequence. The WDWR (Bit 0) bit must be set, and the following
instruction must be a write instruction to the WDCON SFR.
If the watchdog timer is not cleared within the watchdog timeout
period, a system reset occurs unless the watchdog timer interrupt is
enabled. The watchdog timer interrupt response bit (WDIR, Bit 3)
is located in the watchdog timer SFR (WDCON, Address 0xC0).
Enabling the WDIR bit allows the program to examine the stack
or other variables that may have led the program to execute
inappropriate code. The watchdog timer interrupt also allows
the watchdog to be used as a long interval timer.
; Disable Watchdog
CLR EA
SETB WDWR
CLR WDE
SETB EA
This sequence is necessary to protect the WDCON SFR from
code execution upsets that may unintentionally modify this
SFR. Interrupts should be disabled during this operation due
to the consecutive instruction cycles.
Note that WDIR is automatically configured as a high priority
interrupt. This interrupt cannot be disabled by the EA bit (Bit 7)
in the interrupt enable SFR (IE, Address 0xA8; see Table 80).
Even if all of the other interrupts are disabled, the watchdog is
kept active to watch over the program.
Rev. 0 | Page 91 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
LCD DRIVER
Using shared pins, the LCD module is capable of directly driving
an LCD panel of 17 × 4 segments without compromising any
ADE5166/ADE5169 functions. It is capable of driving LCDs with
2×, 3×, and 4× multiplexing. The LCD waveform voltages generated through internal charge pump circuitry support up to 5 V
LCDs. An external resistor ladder for LCD waveform voltage
generation is also supported.
Each ADE5166/ADE5169 has an embedded LCD control circuit,
driver, and power supply circuit. The LCD module is functional
in all operating modes (see the Operating Modes section) and
can store up to four different screens in memory for scrolling
purposes.
LCD REGISTERS
There are six LCD control registers that configure the driver for
the specific type of LCD in the end system and set up the user
display preferences. The LCD configuration SFR (LCDCON,
Address 0x95), LCD Configuration X SFR (LCDCONX,
Address 0x9C), and LCD Configuration Y SFR (LCDCONY,
Address 0xB1) contain general LCD driver configuration information including the LCD enable and reset, as well as the method
of LCD voltage generation and multiplex level. The LCD clock
SFR (LCDCLK, Address 0x96) configures timing settings for LCD
frame rate and blink rate. LCD pins are configured for LCD
functionality in the LCD segment enable SFR (LCDSEGE,
Address 0x97) and the LCD Segment Enable 2 SFR (LCDSEGE2,
Address 0xED).
Table 89. LCD Driver SFRs
SFR Address
0x95
0x96
0x97
0x9C
0xAC
0xAE
0xB1
0xED
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
R/W
Mnemonic
LCDCON
LCDCLK
LCDSEGE
LCDCONX
LCDPTR
LCDDAT
LCDCONY
LCDSEGE2
Description
LCD configuration (see Table 90).
LCD clock (see Table 94).
LCD segment enable (see Table 97).
LCD Configuration X (see Table 91).
LCD pointer (see Table 98).
LCD data (see Table 99).
LCD Configuration Y (see Table 93).
LCD Segment Enable 2 (see Table 100).
Table 90. LCD Configuration SFR (LCDCON, Address 0x95)
Bit
7
6
5
Mnemonic
LCDEN
LCDRST
BLINKEN
Default
0
0
0
4
LCDPSM2
0
3
CLKSEL
0
2
BIAS
0
[1:0]
LMUX
0
Description
LCD enable. If this bit is set, the LCD driver is enabled.
LCD data registers reset. If this bit is set, the LCD data registers are reset to 0.
Blink mode enable bit. If this bit is set, blink mode is enabled. The blink mode is configured by
BLKMOD (Bits[7:6]) and BLKFREQ (Bits[5:4]) in the LCD clock SFR (LCDCLK, Address 0x96).
Forces LCD off when in PSM2 (sleep) mode. Note that the internal voltage reference must be enabled by
setting the REF_BAT_EN bit in the peripheral configuration SFR (PERIPH, Address 0xF4) to allow LCD
operation in PSM2.
LCDPSM2
Result
0
The LCD is disabled or enabled in PSM2 by the LCDEN bit
1
The LCD is disabled in PSM2 regardless of LCDEN setting
LCD clock selection.
CLKSEL
Result
0
fLCDCLK = 2048 Hz
1
fLCDCLK = 128 Hz
Bias mode.
BIAS
Result
0
1/2
1
1/3
LCD multiplex level.
LMUX
Result
00
Reserved
01
2× multiplexing; FP27/COM3 is used as FP27, and FP28/COM2 is used as FP28
10
3× multiplexing; FP27/COM3 is used as FP27, and FP28/COM2 is used as COM2
11
4× multiplexing; FP27/COM3 is used as COM3, and FP28/COM2 is used as COM2
Rev. 0 | Page 92 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 91. LCD Configuration X SFR (LCDCONX, Address 0x9C)
Bit
7
6
Mnemonic
Reserved
EXTRES
Default
0
0
[5:0]
BIASLVL
0
Description
Reserved.
External resistor ladder selection bit.
EXTRES
Result
0
External resistor ladder is disabled. Charge pump is enabled
1
External resistor ladder is enabled. Charge pump is disabled
Bias level selection bits (see Table 92).
Table 92. LCD Bias Voltage When Contrast Control Is Enabled
BIASLVL[5]
0
VA (V)
1
⎛ BIASLVL[4:0 ] ⎞
VREF × ⎜1+
⎟
31
⎝
⎠
VREF ×
BIASLVL[4:0 ]
31
VB
VB = V A
1/2 Bias
VC
VC = 2 × V A
VB
VB = 2 × V A
1/3 Bias
VC
V C = 3 × VA
V B = VA
VC = 2 × V A
VB = 2 × V A
VC = 3 × VA
Table 93. LCD Configuration Y SFR (LCDCONY, Address 0xB1)
Bit
7
Mnemonic
AUTOSCREENSCROLL
Default
0
6
INV_LVL
0
[5:4]
[3:2]
Reserved
SCREEN_SEL
00
0
1
UPDATEOVER
0
0
REFRESH
0
Description
When set, the four screens scroll automatically. The scrolling item is selected by
the BLKFREQ bits in the LCD clock SFR (LCDCLK, Address 0x96). If both BLINKEN in
the LCD configuration SFR (LCDCON, Address 0x95) and AUTOSCREENSCROLL are
set, this bit preempts the blinking mode.
Frame inversion mode enable bit. If this bit is set, frames are inverted every other
frame. If this bit is cleared, frames are not inverted.
These bits should be kept cleared to 0 for proper operation.
These bits select the screen that is being output on the LCD pins. Values of 0, 1, 2,
and 3 select Screen 0, Screen 1, Screen 2, and Screen 3, respectively.
Update finished flag bit. This bit is updated by the LCD driver. When set, this bit
indicates that the LCD memory has been updated and a new frame has begun.
Refresh LCD data memory bit. This bit should be set by the user. When set, the
LCD driver does not use the data in the LCD data registers to update the display.
The LCD data registers can be updated by the 8052. When cleared, the LCD driver
uses the data in the LCD data registers to update display at the next frame.
Table 94. LCD Clock SFR (LCDCLK, Address 0x96)
Bit
[7:6]
Mnemonic
BLKMOD
Default
0
[5:4]
BLKFREQ
0
[3:0]
FD
0
Description
Blink mode clock source configuration bits.
BLKMOD
Result
00
The blink rate is controlled by software; the display is off
01
The blink rate is controlled by software; the display is on
10
The blink rate is 2 Hz
11
The blink rate is set by BLKFREQ[1:0]
Blink rate configuration bits. These bits control the LCD blink rate if BLKMOD (Bits[7:6]) = 11.
BLKFREQ
Result (Blink Rate)
00
1 Hz
01
1/2 Hz
10
1/3 Hz
11
1/4 Hz
LCD frame rate selection bits (see Table 95 and Table 96).
Rev. 0 | Page 93 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 95. LCD Frame Rate Selection for fLCDCLK = 2048 Hz (LCDCON[3] = 0)
FD3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
FD2
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
FD1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
FD0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
2× Multiplexing
fLCD (Hz)
Frame Rate (Hz)
256
128 1
170.7
85.3
128
64
102.4
51.2
85.3
42.7
73.1
36.6
64
32
56.9
28.5
51.2
25.6
46.5
23.25
42.7
21.35
39.4
19.7
36.6
18.3
34.1
17.05
32
16
16
8
3× Multiplexing
fLCD (Hz)
Frame Rate (Hz)
341.3
170.71
341.3
113.81
256
85.3
204.8
68.3
170.7
56.9
146.3
48.8
128
42.7
113.8
37.9
102.4
34.1
93.1
31
85.3
28.4
78.8
26.3
73.1
24.4
68.3
22.8
64
21.3
32
10.7
4× Multiplexing
fLCD (Hz)
Frame Rate (Hz)
512
1281
341.3
85.3
256
64
204.8
51.2
170.7
42.7
146.3
36.6
128
32
113.8
28.5
102.4
25.6
93.1
23.25
85.3
21.35
78.8
19.7
73.1
18.3
68.3
17.05
64
16
32
8
Not within the range of typical LCD frame rates.
Table 96. LCD Frame Rate Selection for fLCDCLK = 128 Hz (LCDCON[3] = 1)
FD3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
FD2
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
FD1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
FD0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
2× Multiplexing
fLCD (Hz)
Frame Rate (Hz)
32
16 1
21.3
10.6
16
8
16
8
16
8
16
8
16
8
16
8
16
8
16
8
16
8
16
8
16
8
16
8
128
64
64
32
3× Multiplexing
fLCD (Hz)
Frame Rate (Hz)
32
10.7
32
10.7
32
10.7
32
10.7
32
10.7
32
10.7
32
10.7
32
10.7
32
10.7
32
10.7
32
10.7
32
10.7
32
10.7
32
10.7
128
42.7
64
21.3
4× Multiplexing
fLCD (Hz)
Frame Rate (Hz)
32
8
32
8
32
8
32
8
32
8
32
8
32
8
32
8
32
8
32
8
32
8
32
8
32
8
32
8
128
32
64
16
Not within the range of typical LCD frame rates.
Table 97. LCD Segment Enable SFR (LCDSEGE, Address 0x97)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
[1:0]
Mnemonic
FP25EN
FP24EN
FP23EN
FP22EN
FP21EN
FP20EN
Reserved
Default
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Description
FP25 function select bit. 0 = general-purpose I/O, 1 = LCD function.
FP24 function select bit. 0 = general-purpose I/O, 1 = LCD function.
FP23 function select bit. 0 = general-purpose I/O, 1 = LCD function.
FP22 function select bit. 0 = general-purpose I/O, 1 = LCD function.
FP21 function select bit. 0 = general-purpose I/O, 1 = LCD function.
FP20 function select bit. 0 = general-purpose I/O, 1 = LCD function.
These bits must be kept at 0 for proper operation.
Rev. 0 | Page 94 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 98. LCD Pointer SFR (LCDPTR, Address 0xAC)
Bit
7
Mnemonic
R/W
Default
0
6
[5:4]
[3:0]
Reserved
RAM2SCREEN
ADDRESS
0
0
0
Description
Read or write LCD bit. If this bit is set to 1, the data in the LCD data SFR (LCDDAT, Address 0xAE)
is written to the address indicated by the ADDRESS bits (LCDPTR[3:0]).
Reserved.
These bits select the screen recipient of the data memory action.
LCD memory address (see Table 101).
Table 99. LCD Data SFR (LCDDAT, Address 0xAE)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
LCDDATA
Default
0
Description
Data to be written into or read out of the LCD memory SFRs.
Table 100. LCD Segment Enable 2 SFR (LCDSEGE2, Address 0xED)
Bit
[7:4]
3
2
1
0
Mnemonic
Reserved
FP19EN
FP18EN
FP17EN
FP16EN
Default
0
0
0
0
0
Description
Reserved.
FP19 function select bit. 0 = general-purpose I/O, 1 = LCD function.
FP18 function select bit. 0 = general-purpose I/O, 1 = LCD function.
FP17 function select bit. 0 = general-purpose I/O, 1 = LCD function.
FP16 function select bit. 0 = general-purpose I/O, 1 = LCD function.
LCD SETUP
LCD TIMING AND WAVEFORMS
The LCD configuration SFR (LCDCON, Address 0x95) configures
the LCD module to drive the type of LCD in the user end system.
The BIAS bit (Bit 2) and the LMUX bits (Bits[1:0]) in this SFR
should be set according to the LCD specifications.
An LCD segment acts like a capacitor that is charged and discharged at a certain rate. This rate, the refresh rate, determines
the visual characteristics of the LCD. A slow refresh rate results
in the LCD blinking on and off between refreshes. A fast refresh
rate presents a screen that appears to be continuously lit. In
addition, a faster refresh rate consumes more power.
The COM2/FP28 and COM3/FP27 pins default to LCD segment
lines. Selecting the 3× multiplex level in the LCD configuration
SFR (LCDCON, Address 0x95) by setting LMUX[1:0] to 10
changes the FP28 pin functionality to COM2. The 4× multiplex
level selection, LMUX[1:0] = 11, changes the FP28 pin functionality to COM2 and the FP27 pin functionality to COM3.
The LCD segments of FP0 to FP15 are enabled by default.
Additional pins are selected for LCD functionality in the LCD
segment enable SFR (LCDSEGE, Address 0x97) and LCD
Segment Enable 2 SFR (LCDSEGE2, Address 0xED) where
there are individual enable bits for the FP16 to FP25 segment
pins. The LCD pins do not have to be enabled sequentially. For
example, if the alternate function of FP23, the Timer 2 input, is
required, any of the other shared pins, FP16 to FP25, can be
enabled instead.
The Display Element Control section contains details about setting
up the LCD data memory to turn individual LCD segments on
and off. Setting the LCDRST bit (Bit 6) in the LCD configuration
SFR (LCDCON, Address 0x95) resets the LCD data memory to
its default (0). A power-on reset also clears the LCD data memory.
The frame rate, or refresh rate, for the LCD module is derived
from the LCD clock, fLCDCLK. The LCD clock is selected as 2048 Hz
or 128 Hz by the CLKSEL bit (Bit 3) in the LCD configuration
SFR (LCDCON, Address 0x95). The minimum refresh rate
needed for the LCD to appear solid (without blinking) is
independent of the multiplex level.
The LCD waveform frequency, fLCD, is the frequency at which
the LCD switches the active common line. Thus, the LCD
waveform frequency depends heavily on the multiplex level.
The frame rate and LCD waveform frequency are set by fLCDCLK,
the multiplex level, and the FD[3:0] frame rate selection bits in
the LCD clock SFR (LCDCLK, Address 0x96).
The LCD module provides 16 different frame rates for fLCDCLK =
2048 Hz, ranging from 8 Hz to 128 Hz for an LCD with 4×
multiplexing. Fewer options are available with fLCDCLK = 128 Hz,
ranging from 8 Hz to 32 Hz for a 4× multiplexed LCD. The
128 Hz clock is beneficial for battery operation because it consumes
less power than the 2048 Hz clock. The frame rate is set by the
FD[3:0] bits in the LCD clock SFR (LCDCLK, Address 0x96);
see Table 95 and Table 96.
The LCD waveform is inverted at twice the LCD waveform frequency, fLCD. This way, each frame has an average dc offset of 0.
ADC offset degrades the lifetime and performance of the LCD.
Rev. 0 | Page 95 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
BLINK MODE
Blink mode is enabled by setting the BLINKEN bit (Bit 5) in the
LCD configuration SFR (LCDCON, Address 0x95). This mode
is used to alternate between the LCD on state and LCD off state
so that the LCD screen appears to blink. There are two blinking
modes: a software controlled blink mode and an automatic
blink mode.
Software Controlled Blink Mode
The LCD blink rate can be controlled by user code with the
BLKMOD bits (Bits[7:6]) in the LCD clock SFR (LCDCLK,
Address 0x96) by toggling the bits to turn the display on and off
at a rate determined by the MCU code.
Automatic Blink Mode
There are five blink rates. These blink rates are selected by the
BLKMOD bits (Bits[7:6]) and the BLKFREQ bits (Bits[5:4]) bits
in the LCD clock SFR (LCDCLK, Address 0x96); see Table 94.
SCROLLING MODE
The ADE5166/ADE5169 provide the possibility to have four
screens in memory. The LCD driver can use any of these screens
by setting the SCREEN_SEL bits in the LCD Configuration Y SFR
(LCDCONY, Address 0xB1) and clearing the refresh bit (Bit 0)
in the same register. The software scrolling of the screens can
then be achieved by a one-command instruction.
Automatic Scrolling Mode
The ADE5166/ADE5169 also provide an automatic scrolling
between the screens using the five available blink rates. This
mode is enabled by setting bit AUTOSCREENSCROLL (Bit 7)
in the LCD Configuration Y SFR (LCDCONY, Address 0xB1)
and also the BLINKEN bit (Bit 5) in the LCD configuration SFR
(LCDCON, Address 0x95). To allow the scrolling frequency to
be selected, the BLKMOD bits (Bits[7:6]) in the LCD clock SFR
(LCDCLK, Address 0x96) should both be set to 1. The scrolling
rates are then selected by the BLKFREQ bits (Bits[5:4]) in the
LCD clock SFR (LCDCLK, Address 0x96); see Table 94. Automatic scrolling mode is available in all operating modes.
DISPLAY ELEMENT CONTROL
Four banks of 15 bytes of data memory located in the LCD module
control the on or off state of each segment of the LCD. The LCD
data memory is stored in Address 0 through Address 14 in the
LCD module, with two extra bits defining which one of the four
screens is being addressed.
Each byte configures the on and off states of two segment lines.
The LSBs store the state of the even numbered segment lines,
and the MSBs store the state of the odd numbered segment lines.
For example, LCD Data Address 0 refers to segment Line 1 and
Line 0 (see Table 101). Note that the LCD data memory is
maintained in the PSM2 operating mode.
The LCD data memory is accessed indirectly through the LCD
pointer SFR (LCDPTR, Address 0xAC) and LCD data SFR
(LCDDAT, Address 0xAE). Moving a value to the LCDPTR SFR
selects the LCD screen and data byte to be accessed and initiates
a read or write operation (see Table 98).
Writing to LCD Data Registers
To update the LCD data memory, first set the LSB of the LCD
Configuration Y SFR (LCDCONY, Address 0xB1) to freeze the
data being displayed on the LCD while updating it. This operation
ensures that the data displayed on the screen does not change
while the data is being changed. Then, move the data to the
LCD data SFR (LCDDAT, Address 0xAE) prior to accessing the
LCD pointer SFR (LCDPTR, Address 0xAC). The address of the
LCD screen should be consistent with the data changed. When the
MSB of the LCD pointer SFR (LCDPTR, Address 0xAC) is set, the
content of the LCD data SFR (LCDDAT, Address 0xAE) is transferred to the internal LCD data memory designated by the address
in the LCD pointer SFR (LCDPTR, Address 0xAC) and the
screen designator. Clear the LSB of the LCD Configuration Y SFR
(LCDCONY, Address 0xB1) when all of the data memory has been
updated to allow the use of the new LCD setup for display.
Sample 8052 code to update the segments attached to Pin FP10
and Pin FP11 on Screen 1 is as follows:
ORL
LCDCONY,#01h ;start updating the data
MOV
LCDDAT,#FFh
MOV
LCDPTR,#80h OR 05h
ANL
LCDCONY,#0FEh ;update finished
Reading LCD Data Registers
When the MSB of the LCD pointer SFR (LCDPTR, Address 0xAC)
is cleared, the content of the LCD data memory of the corresponding screen designated by LCDPTR is transferred to the LCD data
SFR (LCDDAT, Address 0xAE).
Sample 8052 code to read the contents of LCD Data Memory
Address 0x07 on Screen 1, which holds the on and off state of
the segments attached to FP14 and FP15, is as follows.
MOV
LCDPTR,#07h
MOV
R1, LCDDAT
Rev. 0 | Page 96 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 101. LCD Data Memory Accessed Indirectly Through LCD Pointer SFR (LCDPTR, Address 0xAC) and LCD Data SFR (LCDDAT,
Address 0xAE) 1, 2
LCD Memory Address
0x0E
0x0D
0x0C
0x0B
0x0A
0x09
0x08
0x07
0x06
0x05
0x04
0x03
0x02
0x01
0x00
1
2
LCD Pointer SFR (LCDPTR, Address 0xAC)
COM3
COM2
COM1
COM0
FP27
FP25
FP23
FP21
FP19
FP17
FP15
FP13
FP11
FP9
FP7
FP5
FP3
FP1
FP27
FP25
FP23
FP21
FP19
FP17
FP15
FP13
FP11
FP9
FP7
FP5
FP3
FP1
FP27
FP25
FP23
FP21
FP19
FP17
FP15
FP13
FP11
FP9
FP7
FP5
FP3
FP1
FP27
FP25
FP23
FP21
FP19
FP17
FP15
FP13
FP11
FP9
FP7
FP5
FP3
FP1
LCD Pointer SFR (LCDDAT, Address 0xAE)
COM3
COM2
COM1
COM0
FP28
FP28
FP28
FP28
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
FP24
FP24
FP24
FP24
FP22
FP22
FP22
FP22
FP20
FP20
FP20
FP20
FP18
FP18
FP18
FP18
FP16
FP16
FP16
FP16
FP14
FP14
FP14
FP14
FP12
FP12
FP12
FP12
FP10
FP10
FP10
FP10
FP8
FP8
FP8
FP8
FP6
FP6
FP6
FP6
FP4
FP4
FP4
FP4
FP2
FP2
FP2
FP2
FP0
FP0
FP0
FP0
COMx designates the common lines.
FPx designates the segment lines.
VOLTAGE GENERATION
The ADE5166/ADE5169 provide two ways to generate the LCD
waveform voltage levels. The on-chip charge pump option can
generate 5 V. This makes it possible to use 5 V LCDs with the 3.3 V
ADE5166/ADE5169. There is also an option to use an external
resistor ladder with a 3.3 V LCD. The EXTRES bit (Bit 6) in the
LCD Configuration X SFR (LCDCONX, Address 0x9C) selects
the resistor ladder or charge pump option.
When selecting how to generate the LCD waveform voltages,
the following should be considered:
•
•
Lifetime performance power consumption
Contrast control
Lifetime Performance Power Consumption
internal charge pump voltage generation is a configurable bias
voltage that can be compensated over temperature and supply
to maintain contrast on the LCD. These compensations can be
performed based on the ADE5166/ADE5169 temperature and
supply voltage measurements (see the Temperature, Battery, and
Supply Voltage Measurements section). This dynamic contrast
control is not easily implemented with external resistor ladder
voltage generation.
The LCD bias voltage sets the contrast of the display when the
charge pump provides the LCD waveform voltages. The ADE5166/
ADE5169 provide 64 bias levels selected by the BIASLVL[5:0]
bits in the LCD Configuration X SFR (LCDCONX, Address 0x9C).
The voltage level on LCDVA, LCDVB, and LCDVC depend on the
internal voltage reference value (VREF), BIASLVL (Bits[5:0]) selection, and the biasing selected, as described in Table 92.
In most LCDs, a high amount of current is required when the LCD
waveforms change state. The external resistor ladder option draws a
constant amount of current, whereas the charge pump circuitry
allows dynamic current consumption. If the LCD module is used
with the internal charge pump option when the display is disabled,
the voltage generation is disabled so that no power is consumed by
the LCD function. This feature results in significant power
savings if the display is turned off during battery operation.
Lifetime Performance
Contrast Control
The voltage generation selection is made by the EXTRES bit
(Bit 6) in the LCD configuration X SFR (LCDCONX,
Address 0x9C). This bit is cleared by default for charge pump
voltage generation, but it can be set to enable an external
resistor ladder.
The electrical characteristics of the liquid in the LCD change
over temperature. This requires adjustments in the LCD waveform
voltages to ensure a readable display. An added benefit of the
DC offset on a segment degrades its performance over time.
The voltages generated through the internal charge pump
switch faster than those generated by the external resistor
ladder, reducing the likelihood of a dc voltage being applied
to a segment and increasing the lifetime of the LCD.
LCD EXTERNAL CIRCUITRY
Rev. 0 | Page 97 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Charge Pump
Voltage generation through the charge pump requires external
capacitors to store charge. The external connections to LCDVA,
LCDVB, and LCDVC, as well as to LCDVP1 and LCDVP2, are
shown in Figure 85.
LCDVC
470nF
LCDVB
470nF
LCDVA
470nF
LCDVP1
07411-065
CHARGE PUMP
AND
LCD WAVEFORM
CIRCUITRY
100nF
LCDVP2
Figure 85. External Circuitry for Charge Pump Option
External Resistor Ladder
To enable the external resistor ladder option, set the EXTRES
bit (Bit 6) in the LCD Configuration X SFR (LCDCONX, Address
0x9C). When EXTRES = 1, the LCD waveform voltages are
supplied by the external resistor ladder. Because the LCD
voltages are not generated on-chip, the LCD bias compensation
implemented to maintain contrast over temperature and supply
is not possible.
The external circuitry needed for the resistor ladder option is
shown in Figure 86. The resistors required should be in the range
of 10 kΩ to 100 kΩ and should be based on the current required
by the LCD being used.
LCDVC
Type of LCD: 5 V, 4× multiplexed with 1/3 bias, 96 segment
Voltage generation: internal charge pump
Refresh rate: 64 Hz
A 96-segment LCD with 4× multiplexing requires 96/4 = 24
segment lines. Sixteen pins, FP0 to FP15, are automatically
dedicated for use as LCD segments. Eight more pins must be
chosen for the LCD function. Because the LCD has 4× multiplexing, all four common lines are used. As a result, COM2/FP28
and COM3/FP27 cannot be used as segment lines. Based on the
alternate functions of the pins used for FP16 through FP25, FP16 to
FP23 are chosen for the eight remaining segment lines. These
pins are enabled for LCD functionality in the LCD segment
enable SFR (LCDSEGE, Address 0x97) and LCD Segment
Enable 2 SFR (LCDSEGE2, Address 0xED).
To determine contrast setting for this 5 V LCD, Table 92 shows
the BIASLVL[5:0] setting in the LCD Configuration X SFR
(LCDCONX, Address 0x9C) that corresponds to a VC of 5 V in
1/3 bias mode. The maximum bias level setting for this LCD is
BIASLVL[5:0] = 101110.
The LCD is set up with the following 8052 code:
; set up LCD pins to have LCD functionality
MOV
LCDSEG,#FP20EN+FP21EN+FP22EN+FP23EN
MOV
LCDSEGX,#FP16EN+FP17EN+FP18EN+FP19EN
LCDVB
; set up LCDCON for fLCDCLK=2048Hz, 1/3 bias
and 4x multiplexing
LCDVA
MOV
LCDVP1
LCDVP2
LCDCON,#BIAS+LMUX1+LMUX0
; set up LCDCONX for charge pump and
BIASLVL[110111]
07411-066
LCD WAVEFORM
CIRCUITRY
•
•
•
MOV
Figure 86. External Circuitry for External Resistor Ladder Option
LCDCONX,#BIASLVL5+BIASLVL4+BIASLVL3+BI
ASLVL2+BIASLVL1+BIASLVL0
LCD FUNCTION IN PSM2
LCDPSM2 (Bit 4) and LCDEN (Bit 7) in the LCD configuration
SFR (LCDCON, Address 0x95) control the LCD functionality
in the PSM2 operating mode (see Table 102).
; set up refresh rate for 64Hz with fLCDCLK =
2048 Hz
Note that the internal voltage reference must be enabled by setting REF_BAT_EN (Bit 3) in the peripheral configuration SFR
(PERIPH, Address 0xF4) to allow LCD operation in PSM2 mode
(see Table 19).
; set up LCD data registers with data to be
displayed using
Table 102. Bits Controlling LCD Functionality in PSM2 Mode
ORL
LCDCONY,#01h ; start data memory
refresh
LCDPSM2
0
0
1
LCDEN
0
1
X
Result
The display is off in PSM2.
The display is on in PSM2.
The display is off in PSM2.
MOV
; LCDPTR and LCDDATA registers
; turn all segments on FP27 ON
MOV
MOV
In addition, note that the LCD configuration and data memory
is retained when the display is turned off.
LCDCLK,#FD3+FD2+FD1+FD0
LCDDAT,#F0H
LCDPTR, #80h OR 0DH
ANL
LCDCONY,#0FEh ; end of data memory
refresh
ORL
LCDCON,#LCDEN ; enable LCD
Example LCD Setup
To set up the same 3.3 V LCD for use with an external resistor
ladder,
An example of how to set up the LCD peripheral for a specific
LCD is described in this section with the following parameters:
; setup LCDCONX for external resistor ladder
MOV
Rev. 0 | Page 98 of 148
LCDCONX,#EXTRES
ADE5166/ADE5169
FLASH MEMORY
Flash memory is a type of nonvolatile memory that is in-circuit
programmable. The default, erased state of a byte of flash memory
is 0xFF. When a byte of flash memory is programmed, the required
bits change from 1 to 0. The flash memory must be erased to turn
the 0s back to 1s. A byte of flash memory cannot, however, be
erased individually. The entire segment, or page, of flash
memory that contains the byte must be erased.
The ADE5166/ADE5169 provide 62 bytes of flash program/
information memory. This memory is segmented into 124 pages
that each contain 512 bytes. To reprogram one byte of flash
memory, the 511 other bytes in that page must be erased. The
flash memory can be erased by page or all at once in a mass erase.
There is a command to verify that a flash write operation has
completed successfully. The ADE5166/ADE5169 flash memory
controller also offers configurable flash memory protection.
The 62 bytes of flash memory are provided on-chip to facilitate
code execution without any external discrete ROM device requirements. The program memory can be programmed in-circuit,
using the serial download mode provided or using conventional
third party memory programmers.
Retention is the ability of the flash memory to retain its
programmed data over time. Again, the parts have been
qualified in accordance with the formal retention lifetime
specification, JEDEC Standard 22 Method A117, at a specific
junction temperature (TJ = 55°C). As part of this qualification
procedure, the flash memory is cycled to its specified endurance
limit, as described previously, before data retention is characterized. This means that the flash memory is guaranteed to retain
its data for its full specified retention lifetime every time the
flash memory is reprogrammed. It should also be noted that
retention lifetime, based on an activation energy of 0.6 eV,
derates with TJ, as shown in Figure 87.
300
250
RETENTION (Years)
FLASH MEMORY OVERVIEW
ANALOG DEVICES
SPECIFICATION
100 YEARS MIN.
AT TJ = 55°C
200
150
100
50
Endurance quantifies the ability of the Flash/EE memory to be
cycled through many program, read, and erase cycles. In real
terms, a single endurance cycle is composed of four independent,
sequential events, as follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Initial page erase sequence
Read/verify sequence
Byte program sequence
Second read/verify sequence
0
40
50
60
70
90
80
TJ JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
100
110
Figure 87. Flash/EE Memory Data Retention
FLASH MEMORY ORGANIZATION
The ADE5166/ADE5169 contain a 64 kB array of Flash/EE
program memory. The upper 2 kB contain permanently embedded
firmware, allowing in-circuit serial download, serial debug, and
nonintrusive single-pin emulation. The 2 kB of embedded firmware also contains essential coefficients that provide calibration
to peripherals such as the ADCs and reference. The embedded
firmware contained in the upper 2 kB of Flash/EE memory is
not accessible by the user.
In reliability qualification, every byte in both the program and
data Flash/EE memory is cycled from 0x00 to 0xFF until a first
fail is recorded, signifying the endurance limit of the on-chip
Flash/EE memory.
As indicated in Table 4, the ADE5166/ADE5169 flash memory
endurance qualification has been carried out in accordance with
JEDEC Standard 22 Method A117 over the industrial temperature
range of −40°C, +25°C, and +85°C. The results allow the specification of a minimum endurance figure over supply and temperature
of 100,000 cycles, with a minimum endurance figure of 20,000
cycles of operation at 25°C.
EMBEDDED DOWNLOAD/DEBUG KERNEL
PERMANENTLY EMBEDDED FIRMWARE ALLOWS
CODE TO BE DOWNLOADED TO ANY OF THE
62 kB OF ON-CHIP PROGRAM MEMORY.
THE KERNEL PROGRAM APPEARS AS NOP
INSTRUCTIONS TO USER CODE.
USER PROGRAM MEMORY
62 kB OF FLASH/EE PROGRAM MEMORY
ARE AVAILABLE TO THE USER. ALL OF THIS
SPACE CAN BE PROGRAMMED FROM THE
PERMANENTLY EMBEDDED DOWNLOAD/DEBUG
KERNEL OR IN PARALLEL PROGRAMMING MODE.
Figure 88. Flash Memory Organization
Rev. 0 | Page 99 of 148
0×FFFF
2kB
0×F800
0×F7FF
62kB
0×0000
07411-229
The flash memory arrays on the ADE5166/ADE5169 are fully
qualified for two key Flash/EE memory characteristics:
Flash/EE memory cycling endurance and Flash/EE memory
data retention.
07411-028
Flash/EE Memory Reliability
ADE5166/ADE5169
The lower 62 bytes are available to the user for program storage
or as nonvolatile data memory. They are segmented into 124 pages
of 512 bytes each. It is up to the user to decide which flash memory
is to be used for data memory. It is recommended that each page
be dedicated solely to program or data memory so that an
instance does not arise where the program counter is loaded
with data memory instead of an opcode from the program
memory or where program memory is erased to update a byte
of data memory.
USING THE FLASH MEMORY
The flash memory can be protected from read or write/erase access.
The protection is implemented in the upper page of user program
memory. The last sixteen bytes from this page are used to configure the write/erase protection for each of the pages. The
remaining four bytes are used for configuring read protection of
the flash memory. The read protection is selected in groups of
four pages. Finally, there is a byte used to store the key required
for modifying the protection scheme. If any code protection is
required, the page of information memory must be write/erase
protected at a minimum.
Table 103. Flash SFRs
Page 0 through Page 122 are, therefore, available for general
program and data memory use. It is recommended that Page 123
be used for constants or code that do not require future modifications. Note that the last 20 bytes of page 123 are reserved for the
flash memory protection and are, therefore, unavailable to the user.
SFR
ECON
FLSHKY
PROTKY
Address
0xB9
0xBA
0xBB
Default
0x00
0xFF
0xFF
Bit
Addressable
No
No
No
EDATA
EADRL
0xBC
0xC6
0x00
0x00
No
No
EADRH
0xC7
0x00
No
Description
Flash control
Flash key
Flash
protection key
Flash data
Flash low byte
address
Flash high byte
address
ECON is an 8-bit flash control SFR (Address 0xB9) that can be
written to with one of five flash memory access commands to
trigger various read, write, erase, and verify functions. Figure 89
demonstrates the steps required for access to the flash memory.
ECON
COMMAND
ADDRESS
EADRH EADRL
FLASH
PROTECTION KEY
FLSHKY
ADDRESS
DECODER
PROTECTION
DECODER
FLSHKY = 0x3B?
ACCESS
ALLOWED?
TRUE: ACCESS
ALLOWED
ECON = 0
FALSE: ACCESS
DENIED
ECON = 1
Figure 89. Flash Memory Read/Write/Erase Protection Block Diagram
Rev. 0 | Page 100 of 148
07411-069
Thus, it is recommended that if code protection is enabled, the
last page of user accessible flash memory should be used only to
store data that does not need modification in the field. If the
firmware requires protection and may need updating in the
future, the last page should be reserved for constants used by
the user code that do not require modification during
emulation or debug.
The 62 bytes of flash memory are configured as 124 pages, each
comprising 512 bytes. As with the other ADE5166/ADE5169
peripherals, the interface to this memory space is via a group of
registers mapped in the SFR space. The flash data SFR, (EDATA,
Address 0xBC) holds the byte of data to be accessed. The byte of
flash memory is addressed via the EADRH SFR (Address 0xC7)
and the EADRL SFR (Address 0xC6).
ADE5166/ADE5169
0xDE00
0xDDFF
0xDC00
0xDBFF
0xDA00
0xD9FF
0xD800
0xD7FF
0xF7FF
0xF600
0xF5FF
0xF400
0xF3FF
0xF200
0xF1FF
0xF000
0xEFFF
0xEE00
0xEDFF
0xEC00
0xEBFF
0xEA00
0xE9FF
0xE800
0xE7FF
0xE600
0xE5FF
0xE400
0xE3FF
0xE200
0xE1FF
0xE000
PAGE 123
PAGE 122
PAGE 121
READ
PROTECT
BIT 30
0xD000
0xCFFF
PAGE 119
PAGE 117
PAGE 116
0xCE00
0xCDFF
READ
0xCC00
PROTECT
0xCBFF
BIT 29
0xCA00
0xC9FF
0xC800
0xC7FF
PAGE 115
PAGE 114
PAGE 113
0xC600
0xC5FF
READ
PROTECT
BIT 28
PAGE 112
0x7C00
0x7BFF
0x7A00
0x79FF
0x7800
0x77FF
0x7600
0x75FF
0x7400
0x73FF
0x7200
0x71FF
0x7000
0x6FFF
0x6E00
0x6DFF
0x6C00
0x6BFF
0x6A00
0x69FF
0x6800
0x67FF
0x6600
0x65FF
0x6400
0x63FF
0x6200
0x61FF
0x6000
0xC400
0xC3FF
0xC200
0xC1FF
0xC000
0x7FFF
0x7E00
0x7DFF
0xD400
0xD3FF
0xD200
0xD1FF
PAGE 120
PAGE 118
0xD600
0xD5FF
0x5FFF
PAGE 63
PAGE 62
PAGE 61
READ
PROTECT
BIT 15
0x5800
0x57FF
PAGE 59
PAGE 57
READ
PROTECT
BIT 14
0x4E00
0x4DFF
READ
PROTECT
BIT 13
0x4800
0x47FF
PAGE 51
PAGE 49
PAGE 48
0x4C00
0x4BFF
0x4A00
0x49FF
PAGE 52
PAGE 50
0x5400
0x53FF
0x5000
0x4FFF
PAGE 55
PAGE 53
0x5600
0x55FF
0x5200
0x51FF
PAGE 56
PAGE 54
0x5C00
0x5BFF
0x5A00
0x59FF
PAGE 60
PAGE 58
0x5E00
0x5DFF
0x4600
0x45FF
READ
PROTECT
BIT 12
0x4400
0x43FF
0x4200
0x41FF
0x4000
PAGE 110
PAGE 109
READ
PROTECT
BIT 27
READ
PROTECT
BIT 26
0xAE00
0xADFF
READ
PROTECT
BIT 25
0xA800
0xA7FF
PAGE 99
PAGE 97
0xA600
0xA5FF
READ
PROTECT
BIT 24
PAGE 96
PAGE 45
READ
PROTECT
BIT 11
READ
PROTECT
BIT 10
0x2E00
0x2DFF
READ
PROTECT
BIT 9
PAGE 32
0x2C00
0x2BFF
0x2A00
0x29FF
0x2800
0x27FF
PAGE 35
PAGE 33
0x3400
0x33FF
0x3000
0x2FFF
PAGE 36
PAGE 34
0x3600
0x35FF
0x3200
0x31FF
PAGE 39
PAGE 37
0x3C00
0x3BFF
0x3800
0x37FF
PAGE 40
PAGE 38
0x3E00
0x3DFF
0x3A00
0x39FF
PAGE 43
PAGE 41
0xA200
0xA1FF
PAGE 95
PAGE 94
PAGE 93
READ
PROTECT
BIT 23
PAGE 92
PAGE 89
READ
PROTECT
BIT 22
0x8E00
0x8DFF
READ
PROTECT
BIT 21
0x8800
0x87FF
PAGE 83
PAGE 81
0x2600
0x25FF
READ
PROTECT
BIT 8
0x2400
0x23FF
0x2200
0x21FF
0x2000
0x8C00
0x8BFF
0x8A00
0x89FF
PAGE 84
PAGE 82
0x9400
0x93FF
0x9000
0x8FFF
PAGE 87
PAGE 85
0x9600
0x95FF
0x9200
0x91FF
PAGE 88
PAGE 86
0x9C00
0x9BFF
0x9800
0x97FF
PAGE 91
PAGE 90
0x9E00
0x9DFF
0x9A00
0x99FF
0x8600
0x85FF
READ
PROTECT
BIT 20
PAGE 80
0x8400
0x83FF
0x8200
0x81FF
0x8000
0x1FFF
0x3FFF
PAGE 44
PAGE 42
0xA400
0xA3FF
0xA000
PAGE 47
PAGE 46
0xAC00
0xABFF
0xAA00
0xA9FF
PAGE 100
PAGE 98
0xB400
0xB3FF
0xB000
0xAFFF
PAGE 103
PAGE 101
0xB600
0xB5FF
0xB200
0xB1FF
PAGE 104
PAGE 102
0xBC00
0xBBFF
0xB800
0xB7FF
PAGE 107
PAGE 105
0xBE00
0xBDFF
0xBA00
0xB9FF
PAGE 108
PAGE 106
0x9FFF
0xBFFF
PAGE 111
PAGE 31
PAGE 30
PAGE 29
READ
PROTECT
BIT 7
0x1800
0x17FF
PAGE 27
PAGE 25
READ
PROTECT
BIT 6
0x0E00
0x0DFF
READ
PROTECT
BIT 5
0x0800
0x07FF
PAGE 19
PAGE 17
PAGE 16
CONTAINS PROTECTION SETTINGS
Figure 90. Flash Memory Organization
Rev. 0 | Page 101 of 148
0x0C00
0x0BFF
0x0A00
0x09FF
PAGE 20
PAGE 18
0x1400
0x13FF
0x1000
0x0FFF
PAGE 23
PAGE 21
0x1600
0x15FF
0x1200
0x11FF
PAGE 24
PAGE 22
0x1C00
0x1BFF
0x1A00
0x19FF
PAGE 28
PAGE 26
0x1E00
0x1DFF
0x0600
0x05FF
READ
PROTECT
BIT 4
0x0400
0x03FF
0x0200
0x01FF
0x0000
PAGE 79
PAGE 78
PAGE 77
READ
PROTECT
BIT 19
PAGE 76
PAGE 75
PAGE 74
PAGE 73
READ
PROTECT
BIT 18
PAGE 72
PAGE 71
PAGE 70
PAGE 69
READ
PROTECT
BIT 17
PAGE 68
PAGE 67
PAGE 66
PAGE 65
READ
PROTECT
BIT 16
PAGE 64
PAGE 15
PAGE 14
PAGE 13
READ
PROTECT
BIT 3
PAGE 12
PAGE 11
PAGE 10
PAGE 9
READ
PROTECT
BIT 2
PAGE 8
PAGE 7
PAGE 6
PAGE 5
READ
PROTECT
BIT 1
PAGE 4
PAGE 3
PAGE 2
PAGE 1
PAGE 0
READ
PROTECT
BIT 0
07411-068
0xDFFF
ADE5166/ADE5169
ECON—Flash Control SFR
Programming flash memory is done through the flash control
SFR (ECON, Address 0xB9). This SFR allows the user to read,
write, erase, or verify the 62 kB of flash memory. As a method
of security, a key must be written to the flash key SFR (FLSHKY,
Address 0xBA) to initiate any user access to the flash memory.
Upon completion of the flash memory operation, the FLSHKY
SFR is reset such that it must be written to before another flash
memory operation. Requiring the key to be set before an access
to the flash memory decreases the likelihood of user code or
data being overwritten by a runaway program.
The program counter, PC, is held on the instruction where the
ECON SFR is written to until the flash memory controller is
done performing the requested operation. Then the PC increments to continue with the next instruction. Any interrupt
requests that occur while the flash controller is performing an
operation are not handled until the flash operation is complete.
All peripherals, such as timers and counters, continue to operate
as configured throughout the flash memory access.
Table 104. Flash Control SFR (ECON, Address 0xB9)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
ECON
Default
0
Value
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Description
Write byte. The value in EDATA is written to the flash memory, at the page address given by
EADRH (Address 0xC7) and EADRL (Address 0xC6). Note that the byte being addressed must
be pre-erased.
Erase page. A 512-byte page of flash memory address is erased. The page is selected by the
address in EADRH and EADRL. Any address in the page can be written to EADRH and EADRL to
select it for erasure.
Erase all. All 62 kB of the available flash memory are erased. Note that this command is used
during serial mode and parallel download mode but should not be executed by user code.
Read byte. The byte in the flash memory, addressed by EADRH and EADRL, is read into EDATA.
Reserved.
Reserved.
Reserved.
Protect code (see the Protecting the Flash Memory section).
Table 105. Flash Key SFR (FLSHKY, Address 0xBA)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
FLSHKY
Default
0xFF
Description
The content of this SFR is compared to the flash key, 0x3B. If the two values match, the next ECON
operation is allowed (see the Protecting the Flash Memory section).
Table 106. Flash Protection Key SFR (PROTKY, Address 0xBB)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
PROTKY
Default
0xFF
Description
The content of this SFR is compared to the flash memory location at Address 0xF7EA. If the two values
match, the update of the write/erase and read protection set up is allowed (see the Protecting the Flash
Memory section).
If the protection key in the flash is 0xFF, the PROTKY SFR value is not used for comparison.
The PROTKY SFR is also used to write the protection key in the flash. This is done by writing the desired
value in PROTKY and writing 0x08 in the ECON SFR. This operation can be done only once.
Table 107. Flash Data SFR (EDATA, Address 0xBC)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
EDATA
Default
0
Description
Flash pointer data.
Table 108. Flash Low Byte Address SFR (EADRL, Address 0xC6)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
EADRL
Default
0
Description
Flash pointer low byte address.
Table 109. Flash High Byte Address SFR (EADRH, Address 0xC7)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
EADRH
Default
0
Description
Flash pointer high byte address.
Rev. 0 | Page 102 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Flash Functions
The following sample 8051 code is provided to demonstrate how to
use the the flash functions. For these examples, Flash Memory
Byte 0x3C00 is accessed.
Write Byte
Write 0xF3 into Flash Memory Byte 0x3C00.
MOV EDATA, #F3h
; Data to be written
MOV EADRH, #3Ch
; Set up byte address
MOV EADRL, #00h
MOV FLSHKY, #3Bh
key.
; Write Flash security
MOV ECON, #01H
; Write Byte
Note that the read protection does not prevent MOVC commands
from being executed within the code.
There is an additional layer of protection offered by a protection
security key (PROTKY). The user can set up a protection security
key so that the protection scheme cannot be changed without
this key. When the protection key has been configured, it cannot
be modified.
Erase Page
Erase the page containing Flash Memory Byte 0x3C00.
MOV EADRH, #3Ch
byte address
Write/erase protection is individually selectable for all 124 pages.
Read protection is selected in groups of four pages (see Figure 90
for the groupings). The protection bits are stored in the last flash
memory locations, Address 0xF7EB through Address 0xF7FF
(see Figure 91). Sixteen bytes are reserved for write/erase protection, four bytes for read protection, and another byte to set
the flash protection key (PROTKY, Address 0xBB). The user
must enable write/erase protection for the last page, at a minimum,
for the entire protection scheme to work.
; Select page through
Enabling Flash Protection by Code
Erase all of the 62 kB flash memory.
The protection bytes in the flash can be programmed by using
the flash controller command and programming ECON to 0x08.
Issuing the ECON protection command initiates the programming of one byte of protection data. The EADRL (Address 0xC6)
and EDATA (Address 0xBC) data pointers are used to store the
least significant address and data bytes, respectively. Note that
the EADRH data pointer is not used in this command.
MOV FLSHKY, #3Bh
key.
; Write Flash security
The following sequence should be followed to enable the flash
protection:
MOV ECON, #03H
; Erase All
1.
MOV EADRL, #00h
MOV FLSHKY, #3Bh
key.
; Write Flash security
MOV ECON, #02H
; Erase Page
Erase All
Read Byte
Read Flash Memory Byte 0x3C00.
MOV EADRH, #3Ch
; Setup byte address
MOV EADRL, #00h
MOV FLSHKY, #3Bh
key.
; Write Flash security
MOV ECON, #04H
; Read Byte
2.
; Data is ready in EDATA register
Note that the read byte command can be used to view the status
of the protection bytes located in the upper 21 bytes, Page 123.
The write byte command is not valid for this area.
PROTECTING THE FLASH MEMORY
Two forms of protection are offered for this flash memory: read
protection and write/erase protection. The read protection ensures
that any pages that are read protected cannot be read by the end
user. The write protection ensures that the flash memory cannot
be erased or written over. This protects the final product from
tampering and can prevent the code from being overwritten in
the event of a runaway program.
3.
4.
Set the EDATA data pointer with the write/erase or read
protection data. When erased, the protection bits default to 1,
like any other bit of flash memory. The default protection
setting is for no protection. To enable protection, write a 0
to the bits corresponding to the pages that should be protected. Note that when setting the read protection, each
protection bit protects four pages.
Set the EADRL data pointer with the least significant byte of
the protection address. For example, to access the protection
on Page 112 through Page 119 (Address 0xF7FE), EADRL
should be written to 0xFE.
Enable access to the flash by writing 3Bh to the FLSHKY
SFR (Address 0xBA).
Issue the protection command by writing 08H to the
ECON SFR (Address 0xB9).
Step 1 to Step 3 should be repeated for each byte that requires
protection. While configuring the final byte of write/read protection, the PROTKY SFR can be enabled for a further level of
code security. If enabled, the flash protection key is required to
modify the protection scheme. To enable the flash protection
key, the Flash Location 0xF7EB where the PROTKY is located
should be written to using the flash control SFR (ECON,
Address 0xB9). The PROTKY can be written to any 8-bit value;
but once configured, it cannot be modified. To enable the PROTKY
and activate the flash protection, the part must be reset.
Rev. 0 | Page 103 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Note that after the PROTKY has been activated by a reset, any
further changes to the protection require the new 8-bit protection
key to be written to the PROTKY SFR prior to issuing the ECON
command. The PROTKY SFR is cleared automatically when the
ECON 0x8 command is issued and, therefore, the user must
ensure that the correct value is written to the PROTKY SFR
each time the protection scheme is changed.
MOV ECON, #08H
command
;issue protection
;enable write/erase protection on last page
(this is required for any protection to be
activated)
MOV EDATA, #0F7H
; clear bit WP123
MOV EADRL, #0FFH
; write address to F7FFh
The most significant bit of 0xF7FF is used to enable the lock
mechanism for the watchdog (see the Watchdog Timer section
for more information).
MOV FLSHKY, #3BH
; enable flash access
MOV ECON, #08H
command
;issue protection
The following code provides an example of how the write/erase
protection can be enabled on the first page and the PROTKY set
to 0xA3. Note that to active the following protection, the part
requires a reset.
;set up PROTKY to A3h
MOV EDATA, #0A3H
; set PROTKY to A3h
MOV EADRL, #0EBH
; write address to F7EBh
MOV FLSHKY, #3BH
; enable flash access
; enable write/erase protection on the first
page only
MOV ECON, #08H
command
; issue protection
MOV EDATA, #0FEH
; clear bit WP 0
MOV EADRL, #0F0H
; write address to F7F0h
MOV FLSHKY, #3BH
; enable flash access
Note that after the PROTKY is changed to 0xA3, as shown in
the preceding example code, all future modifications of the protection scheme require that the PROTKY SFR to be set to 0xA3
prior to issuing the ECON protection command.
WDOG
0xF7FF LOCK
WP
122
WP
121
WP
120
WP
119
WP
118
WP
117
WP
116
WP
115
WP
114
WP
113
WP
112
WP
111
WP
110
WP
109
WP
108
WP
107
WP
106
WP
105
WP
104
WP
15
WP
14
WP
13
WP
12
WP
11
WP
10
WP
9
WP
8
WP
7
WP
6
WP
5
WP
4
WP
3
WP
2
WP
1
WP
0
RP
RP
RP
RP
RP
RP
RP
96–99
0xF7EF
120–123 116–119 112–115 108–111 104–107 100–103
RP
92–95
RP
88–91
RP
84–87
RP
80–83
RP
76–79
RP
72–75
RP
68–71
RP
64–67
RP
60–63
RP
56–59
RP
52–55
RP
48–51
RP
44–47
RP
40–43
RP
36–39
RP
32–35
RP
28–31
RP
24–27
RP
20–23
RP
16–19
RP
12–15
RP
8–11
RP
4–7
RP
0–3
PROTECTION KEY
PROTKY
07411-124
0xF7EB
WP
123
0xF600
Figure 91. Flash Protection in Page124
Rev. 0 | Page 104 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Enabling Flash Protection by Emulator Commands
Another way to set the flash protection bytes is to use the reserved
emulator commands available only in download mode. These
commands write directly to the SFRs and can be used to duplicate
the operation described in the Enabling Flash Protection by Code
section. When these flash bytes are written, the part can exit
emulation mode by reset and the protections are effective. This
method can be used in production and implemented after
downloading the program. The commands used for this operation are an extension of the commands listed in Application
Note uC004, Understanding the Serial Download Protocol,
available at www.analog.com.
•
•
Command with ASCII Code I or 0x49 writes the data into R0.
Command with ASCII Code F or 0x46 writes R0 into the
SFR address defined in the data of this command.
Omitting the protocol defined in the uC004, the sequence to
load protections is similar to the sequence mentioned in the
Enabling Flash Protection by Code section, except that two
emulator commands are necessary to replace one assembly
command. For example, to write the protection value in EADRH
(Address 0xC7), the following two commands must be executed:
•
•
Command I with data = value of Protection Byte 0x3FFF
Command F with data = 0xC7
With this protocol, the protection can be written to the flash
memory using the same sequence as described in the Enabling
Flash Protection by Code section. When the part is reset, the
protection is effective.
Notes on Flash Protection
The flash protection scheme is disabled by default so that none
of the pages of the flash are protected from reading or writing/
erasing.
The last page must be write-/erase-protected for the protection
scheme to work.
To activate the protection settings, the ADE5166/ADE5169
must be reset after configuring the protection.
After configuring protection on the last page and resetting the
part, protections that have been enabled can be removed only
by mass erasing the flash memory. The protection bits are never
truly write protected. Protection bits can be program modified
from a 1 to a 0, even after the last page has been protected. In
this way, more protection can be added, but none can be removed.
When the last page is read protected, the protection bits can still
be read by the user code. All other bits on this page are not
available for reading.
The protection scheme is intended to protect the end system. Protection should be disabled while developing and emulating code.
Flash Memory Timing
Typical program and erase times for the flash memory are
shown in Table 110.
Table 110. Flash Memory Program and Erase Times
Command
Write Byte
Erase Page
Erase All
Read Byte
Bytes Affected
1 byte
512 bytes
62 kB
1 byte
Flash Memory Timing
30 μs
20 ms
2.5 sec
100 ns
Note that the core microcontroller operation is idled until the
requested flash memory operation is complete. In practice, this
means that even though the flash operation is typically initiated
with a two-machine-cycle MOV instruction (to write to the flash
control SFR (ECON, Address 0xB9), the next instruction is not
executed until the Flash/EE operation is complete. This means
that the core cannot respond to interrupt requests until the Flash/
EE operation is complete, although the core peripheral functions
such as counters/timers continue to count, as configured, throughout this period.
IN CIRCUIT PROGRAMMING
Serial Downloading
The ADE5166/ADE5169 facilitate code download via the
standard UART serial port. The parts enter serial download
mode after a reset or a power cycle if the SDEN pin is pulled low
through an external 1 kΩ resistor. Once in serial download
mode, the hidden embedded download kernel executes. This
allows the user to download code to the full 62 kB of flash
memory while the device is in circuit in its target application
hardware.
Protection configured in the last page of the ADE5166/ADE5169
affects whether flash memory can be accessed in serial download
mode. Read protected pages cannot be read. Write/erase
protected pages cannot be written or erased. The configuration
bits cannot be programmed in serial download mode.
Rev. 0 | Page 105 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
TIMERS
Each ADE5166/ADE5169 has three 16-bit timers/counters:
Timer/Counter 0, Timer/Counter 1, and Timer/Counter 2. The
timer/counter hardware is included on-chip to relieve the processor
core of overhead inherent in implementing timer/counter functionality in software. Each timer/counter consists of two 8-bit
registers: THx and TLx (x = 0, 1, or 2). All three timers can be
configured to operate as timers or as event counters.
When functioning as a timer, the TLx SFR is incremented every
machine cycle. Thus, it can be thought of as counting machine
cycles. Because a machine cycle on a single cycle core consists of
one core clock period, the maximum count rate is the core clock
frequency.
When functioning as a counter, the TLx register is incremented
by a 1-to-0 transition at its corresponding external input pin:
T0, T1, or T2. When the samples show a high in one cycle and a
low in the next cycle, the count is incremented. Because it takes
two machine cycles (two core clock periods) to recognize a 1-to-0
transition, the maximum count rate is half the core clock frequency.
There are no restrictions on the duty cycle of the external input
signal, but to ensure that a given level is sampled at least once
before it changes, it must be held for a minimum of one full
machine cycle. User configuration and control of all timer
operating modes is achieved via the SFRs listed in Table 111.
Table 111. Timer SFRs
SFR
TCON
TMOD
TL0
TL1
TH0
TH1
T2CON
RCAP2L
RCAP2H
TL2
TH2
Address
0x88
0x89
0x8A
0x8B
0x8C
0x8D
0xC8
0xCA
0xCB
0xCC
0xCD
Bit Addressable
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
Description
Timer/Counter 0 and Timer/Counter 1 control (see Table 113).
Timer/Counter 0 and Timer/Counter 1 mode (see Table 112).
Timer 0 low byte (see Table 116).
Timer 1 low byte (see Table 118).
Timer 0 high byte (see Table 115).
Timer 1 high byte (see Table 117).
Timer/Counter 2 control (see Table 114).
Timer 2 reload/capture low byte (see Table 122).
Timer 2 reload/capture high byte (see Table 121).
Timer 2 low byte (see Table 120).
Timer 2 high byte (see Table 119).
TIMER REGISTERS
Table 112. Timer/Counter 0 and Timer/Counter 1 Mode SFR (TMOD, Address 0x89)
Bit
7
Mnemonic
Gate1
Default
0
6
C/T1
0
[5:4]
T1/M1,
T1/M0
00
3
Gate0
0
2
C/T0
0
[1:0]
T0/M1,
T0/M0
00
Description
Timer 1 gating control. Set by software to enable Timer/Counter 1 only when the INT1 pin is high and the TR1
control bit (Address 0x88[6]) is set. Cleared by software to enable Timer 1 whenever the TR1 control bit is set.
Timer 1 timer or counter select bit. Set by software to select counter operation (input from T1 pin). Cleared
by software to select the timer operation (input from internal system clock).
Timer 1 mode select bits.
T1/M1, T1/M0
Result
00
TH1 (Address 0x8D) operates as an 8-bit timer/counter. TL1 (Address 0x8B) serves as a
5-bit prescaler.
01
16-bit timer/counter. TH1 and TL1 are cascaded; there is no prescaler.
10
8-bit autoreload timer/counter. TH1 holds a value to reload into TL1 each time it overflows.
11
Timer/Counter 1 stopped.
Timer 0 gating control. Set by software to enable Timer/Counter 0 only when the INT0 pin is high and the TR0
control bit (Address 0x88[4]) is set. Cleared by software to enable Timer 0 whenever the TR0 control bit is set
in the Timer/Counter 0 and Timer/Counter 1 control SFR (TCON, Address 0x88).
Timer 0 timer or counter select bit. Set by software to the select counter operation (input from the T0 pin).
Cleared by software to the select timer operation (input from internal system clock).
Timer 0 mode select bits.
T0/M1, T0/M0
Result
00
TH0 operates as an 8-bit timer/counter. TL0 serves as a 5-bit prescaler.
01
16-bit timer/counter. TH0 and TL0 are cascaded; there is no prescaler.
10
8-bit autoreload timer/counter. TH0 holds a value to reload into TL0 each time TL0 overflows.
11
TL0 is an 8-bit timer/counter controlled by the standard Timer 0 control bits. TH0 is an
8-bit timer only, controlled by Timer 1 control bits.
Rev. 0 | Page 106 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 113. Timer/Counter 0 and Timer/Counter 1 Control SFR (TCON, Address 0x88)
Bit
7
Bit Address
0x8F
Mnemonic
TF1
Default
0
6
0x8E
TR1
0
5
0x8D
TF0
0
4
0x8C
TR0
0
3
0x8B
IE1 1
0
2
0x8A
IT11
0
1
0x89
IE01
0
0
0x88
IT01
0
1
Description
Timer 1 overflow flag. Set by hardware on a Timer/Counter 1 overflow. Cleared by hardware
when the program counter (PC) vectors to the interrupt service routine.
Timer 1 run control bit. Set by the user to turn on Timer/Counter 1. Cleared by the user to turn
off Timer/Counter 1.
Timer 0 overflow flag. Set by hardware on a Timer/Counter 0 overflow. Cleared by hardware
when the PC vectors to the interrupt service routine.
Timer 0 run control bit. Set by the user to turn on Timer/Counter 0. Cleared by the user to turn
off Timer/Counter 0.
External Interrupt 1 (INT1) flag. Set by hardware by a falling edge or by a zero level applied to
the external interrupt pin, INT1, depending on the state of Bit IT1. Cleared by hardware when
the PC vectors to the interrupt service routine only if the interrupt was transition activated. If level
activated, the external requesting source, rather than the on-chip hardware, controls the
request flag.
External Interrupt 1 (IE1) trigger type. Set by software to specify edge sensitive detection, that is,
a 1-to-0 transition. Cleared by software to specify level sensitive detection, that is, zero level.
External Interrupt 0 (INT0) flag. Set by hardware by a falling edge or by a zero level being
applied to the external interrupt pin, INT0, depending on the state of Bit IT0. Cleared by
hardware when the PC vectors to the interrupt service routine only if the interrupt was
transition activated. If level activated, the external requesting source, rather than the on-chip
hardware, controls the request flag.
External Interrupt 0 (IE0) trigger type. Set by software to specify edge sensitive detection, that is,
1-to-0 transition. Cleared by software to specify level sensitive detection, that is, zero level.
These bits are not used to control Timer/Counter 0 and Timer/Counter 1 but are instead used to control and monitor the external INT0 and INT1 interrupt pins.
Table 114. Timer/Counter 2 Control SFR (T2CON, Address 0xC8)
Bit
7
Bit Address
0xCF
Mnemonic
TF2
Default
0
6
0xCE
EXF2
0
5
0xCD
RCLK
0
4
0xCC
TCLK
0
3
0xCB
EXEN2
0
2
1
0xCA
0xC9
TR2
C/T2
0
0
0
0xC8
CAP2
0
Description
Timer 2 overflow flag. Set by hardware on a Timer 2 overflow. TF2 cannot be set when either
RCLK = 1 or TCLK = 1. Cleared by user software.
Timer 2 external flag. Set by hardware when either a capture or reload is caused by a negative
transition on the T2EX pin and EXEN2 = 1. Cleared by user software.
Receive clock enable bit. Set by the user to enable the serial port to use Timer 2 overflow pulses
for its receive clock in Serial Port Mode 1 and Serial Port Mode 3. Cleared by the user to enable
Timer 1 overflow to be used for the receive clock.
Transmit clock enable bit. Set by the user to enable the serial port to use Timer 2 overflow pulses
for its transmit clock in Serial Port Mode 1 and Serial Port Mode 3. Cleared by the user to enable
Timer 1 overflow to be used for the transmit clock.
Timer 2 external enable flag. Set by the user to enable a capture or reload to occur as a result of
a negative transition on the T2EX pin if Timer 2 is not being used to clock the serial port. Cleared
by the user for Timer 2 to ignore events at T2EX.
Timer 2 start/stop control bit. Set by the user to start Timer 2. Cleared by the user to stop Timer 2.
Timer 2 timer or counter function select bit. Set by the user to select the counter function (input
from the external T2 pin). Cleared by the user to select the timer function (input from the on-chip core
clock).
Timer 2 capture/reload select bit. Set by the user to enable captures on negative transitions at
the T2EX pin if EXEN2 = 1. Cleared by the user to enable autoreloads with Timer 2 overflows or
negative transitions at the T2EX pin when EXEN2 = 1. When either RCLK = 1 or TCLK = 1, this bit is
ignored and the timer is forced to autoreload on Timer 2 overflow.
Rev. 0 | Page 107 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 115. Timer 0 High Byte SFR (TH0, Address 0x8C)
Mode 0 (13-Bit Timer/Counter)
Bit
[7:0]
Mode 0 configures an 8-bit timer/counter. Figure 92 shows
Mode 0 operation. Note that the divide-by-12 prescaler is not
present on the single cycle core.
Mnemonic
TH0
Default
0
Description
Timer 0 data high byte.
Table 116. Timer 0 Low Byte SFR (TL0, Address 0x8A)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
TL0
Default
0
fCORE
Description
Timer 0 data low byte.
C/T0 = 0
Table 117. Timer 1 High Byte SFR (TH1, Address 0x8D)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
TH1
Default
0
TL0
TH0
(5 BITS) (8 BITS)
INTERRUPT
TF0
C/T0 = 1
Description
Timer 1 data high byte.
P0.6/T0
CONTROL
TR0
Mnemonic
TL1
Default
0
GATE
Description
Timer 1 data low byte.
INT0
Figure 92. Timer/Counter 0, Mode 0
Table 119. Timer 2 High Byte SFR (TH2, Address 0xCD)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
TH2
Default
0
Description
Timer 2 data high byte.
Table 120. Timer 2 Low Byte SFR (TL2, Address 0xCC)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
TL2
Default
0
Description
Timer 2 data low byte.
Table 121. Timer 2 Reload/Capture High Byte SFR
(RCAP2H, Address 0xCB)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
TH2
Default
0
Description
Timer 2 reload/capture high byte.
Table 122. Timer 2 Reload/Capture Low Byte SFR (RCAP2L,
Address 0xCA)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
TL2
Default
0
Description
Timer 2 reload/capture low byte.
TIMER 0 AND TIMER 1
Timer 0 High/Low and Timer 1 High/Low Data Registers
Each timer consists of two 8-bit SFRs. For Timer 0, they are
Timer 0 high byte (TH0, Address 0x8C) and Timer 0 low byte
(TL0, Address 0x8A). For Time 1, they are Timer 1 high byte
(TH1, Address 0x8D) and Timer 1 low byte (TL1, Address 0x8B).
These SFRs can be used as independent registers or combined
into a single 16-bit register, depending on the timer mode
configuration (see Table 115 to Table 118).
Timer/Counter 0 and Timer/Counter 1 Operating Modes
This section describes the operating modes for Timer/Counter 0
and Timer/Counter 1. Unless otherwise noted, these modes of
operation are the same for both Timer 0 and Timer 1.
In this mode, the timer register is configured as a 13-bit register.
As the count rolls over from all 1s to all 0s, it sets the timer overflow
flag, TF0 (Address 0x88[5]). TF0 can then be used to request an
interrupt. The counted input is enabled to the timer when TR0 = 1
and either Gate0 = 0 or INT0 = 1. Setting Gate0 = 1 allows the
timer to be controlled by the external input, INT0, to facilitate
pulse width measurements. TR0 is a control bit located in the
Timer/Counter 0 and Timer/Counter 1 control SFR (TCON,
Address 0x88[4]); the Gate0/Gate1 bits are in Timer/Counter 0
and Timer/Counter 1 mode SFR (TMOD, Address 0x89, Bit 3 and
Bit 7, respectively). The 13-bit register consists of all eight bits of
Timer 0 high byte SFR (TH0, Address 0x8C) and the lower five
bits of Timer 0 low byte SFR (TL0, Address 0x8A). The upper
three bits of TL0 SFR are indeterminate and should be ignored.
Setting the run flag (TR0) does not clear the registers.
Mode 1 (16-Bit Timer/Counter)
Mode 1 is the same as Mode 0 except that the Mode 1 timer
register runs with all 16 bits. Mode 1 is shown in Figure 93.
fCORE
C/T0 = 0
TL0
TH0
(8 BITS) (8 BITS)
INTERRUPT
TF0
C/T0 = 1
P0.6/T0
TR0
CONTROL
07411-072
Bit
[7:0]
07411-071
Table 118. Timer 1 Low Byte SFR (TL1, Address 0x8B)
GATE
INT0
Rev. 0 | Page 108 of 148
Figure 93. Timer/Counter 0, Mode 1
ADE5166/ADE5169
Mode 2 (8-Bit Timer/Counter with Autoreload)
TIMER 2
Mode 2 configures the timer register as an 8-bit counter (TL0)
with automatic reload, as shown in Figure 94. Overflow from TL0
not only sets TF0 but also reloads TL0 with the contents of TH0,
which is preset by software. The reload leaves TH0 unchanged.
Timer/Counter 2 Data Registers
fCORE
C/T0 = 0
TL0
(8 BITS)
TF0
INTERRUPT
C/T0 = 1
P0.6/T0
Timer/Counter 2 Operating Modes
CONTROL
TRO
INT0
07411-073
RELOAD
TH0
(8 BITS)
GATE
Figure 94. Timer/Counter 0, Mode 2
Mode 3 has different effects on Timer 0 and Timer 1. Timer 1 in
Mode 3 simply holds its count. The effect is the same as setting
TR1 = 0. Timer 0 in Mode 3 establishes TL0 and TH0 as two
separate counters. This configuration is shown in Figure 95.
TL0 uses the Timer 0 control bits, C/T0, Gate0 (see Table 112),
TR0, TF0 (see Table 113), and the INT0 pin. TH0 is locked into
a timer function (counting machine cycles) and takes over the
use of TR1 and TF1 from Timer 1. Therefore, TH0 controls the
Timer 1 interrupt. Mode 3 is provided for applications requiring
an extra 8-bit timer or counter.
When Timer 0 is in Mode 3, Timer 1 can be turned on and off
by switching it out of and into its own Mode 3, or it can be used
by the serial interface as a baud rate generator. In fact, Timer 1
can be used in any application not requiring an interrupt from
Timer 1 itself.
CORE
CLK/12
RCLK or TCLK
0
0
1
X
CAP2
0
1
X
X
TR2
1
1
1
0
Mode
16-bit autoreload
16-bit capture
Baud rate
Off
16-Bit Autoreload Mode
The 16-bit autoreload mode has two options that are selected by
EXEN2 (Bit 3) in the Timer/Counter 2 control SFR (T2CON,
Address 0xC8). If EXEN2 = 0 when Timer 2 rolls over, it not only
sets TF2 but also causes the Timer 2 SFRs to be reloaded with the
16-bit value in both the Timer 2 reload/capture high byte SFR
(RCAP2H, Address 0xCB) and Timer 2 reload/capture low byte
SFR (RCAP2L, Address 0xCA) registers, which are preset by
software. If EXEN2 = 1, Timer 2 performs the same events as
when EXEN2 = 0 but adds a 1-to-0 transition at the external input
pin, T2EX, which triggers the 16-bit reload and sets EXF2.
Autoreload mode is shown in Figure 96.
16-Bit Capture Mode
C/T0 = 0
TL0
(8 BITS)
INTERRUPT
TF0
C/T0 = 1
P0.6/T0
CONTROL
TR0
GATE
INT0
TH0
(8 BITS)
INTERRUPT
TF1
07411-074
fCORE/12
The following sections describe the operating modes for
Timer/Counter 2. The operating modes are selected by bits in
the Timer/Counter 2 control SFR (T2CON, Address 0xC8),
as shown in Table 114 and Table 123.
Table 123. T2CON Operating Modes
Mode 3 (Two 8-Bit Timer/Counters)
fCORE
Timer/Counter 2 also has two pairs of 8-bit data registers associated with it: Timer 2 high byte SFR (TH2, Address 0xCD),
Timer 2 low byte SFR (TL2, Address 0xCC), Timer 2 reload/
capture high byte SFR (RCAP2H, Address 0xCB), and Timer 2
reload/capture low byte SFR (RCAP2L, Address 0xCA). These
are used both as timer data registers and as timer capture/reload
registers (see Table 119 to Table 122).
TR1
Figure 95. Timer/Counter 0, Mode 3
The 16-bit capture mode has two options that are selected by
EXEN2 (Bit 3) in the Timer/Counter 2 control SFR (T2CON,
Address 0xC8). If EXEN2 = 0, Timer 2 is a 16-bit timer or counter
that, upon overflowing, sets the Timer 2 overflow bit (TF2, Bit 7).
This bit can be used to generate an interrupt. If EXEN2 = 1, then
Timer 2 performs the same events as when EXEN2 = 0, but it
adds a l-to-0 transition on the T2E external input, causing the
current value in the Timer 2 SFRs, TL2 (Address 0xCC) and TH2
(Address 0xCD) to be captured into the RCAP2L (Address 0xCA)
and RCAP2H (Address 0xCB) SFRs, respectively. In addition, the
transition at T2EX causes the EXF2 bit (Bit 6) in the T2CON SFR
(Address 0xC8) to be set, and EXF2, like TF2, can generate an
interrupt. Capture mode is shown in Figure 97. The baud rate
generator mode is selected by RCLK = 1 and/or TCLK = 1.
Rev. 0 | Page 109 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
In either case, if Timer 2 is used to generate the baud rate, the TF2
interrupt flag does not occur. Therefore, Timer 2 interrupts do not
occur and do not have to be disabled. In this mode, the EXF2 flag
fCORE
can, however, still cause interrupts that can be used as a third
external interrupt. Baud rate generation is described as part of the
UART serial port operation in the UART Serial Interface section.
C/ T2 = 0
TL2
(8 BITS)
TH2
(8 BITS)
RCAP2L
RCAP2H
C/ T2 = 1
P1.4/T2
CONTROL
TR2
RELOAD
TRANSITION
DETECTOR
TF2
TIMER
INTERRUPT
P1.3/
T2EX
EXF2
07411-075
CONTROL
EXEN2
Figure 96. Timer/Counter 2, 16-Bit Autoreload Mode
fCORE
C/ T2 = 0
TL2
(8 BITS)
C/ T2 = 1
P1.4/T2
TH2
(8 BITS)
TF2
CONTROL
TR2
TIMER
INTERRUPT
CAPTURE
TRANSITION
DETECTOR
RCAP2L
RCAP2H
P1.3/
T2EX
EXF2
07411-076
CONTROL
EXEN2
Figure 97. Timer/Counter 2, 16-Bit Capture Mode
Rev. 0 | Page 110 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
PLL
The ADE5166/ADE5169 are intended for use with a 32.768 kHz
watch crystal. A PLL locks onto a multiple of this frequency to
provide a stable 4.096 MHz clock for the system. The core can
operate at this frequency or at binary submultiples of it to allow
power savings when maximum core performance is not required.
The default core clock is the PLL clock divided by 4, or 1.024 MHz.
The ADE energy measurement clock is derived from the PLL
clock and is maintained at 4.096 MHz/5 MHz (or 819.2 kHz)
across all CD settings.
The PLL is controlled by the CD[2:0] bits in the power control
SFR (POWCON, Address 0xC5). To protect erroneous changes
to the POWCON SFR, a key is required to modify the register.
First, the key SFR (KYREG, Address 0xC1) is written with the
key, 0xA7, and then a new value is written to the POWCON SFR.
If the PLL loses lock, the MCU is reset and the PLL_FLT bit
(Bit 4) is set in the peripheral configuration SFR (PERIPH,
Address 0xF4). Set the PLLACK bit in the start ADC measurement
SFR (ADCGO, Address 0xD8) to acknowledge the PLL fault,
clearing the PLL_FLT bit.
PLL REGISTERS
Table 124. Power Control SFR (POWCON, Address 0xC5)
Bit
7
6
Mnemonic
Reserved
METER_OFF
Default
1
0
5
4
3
[2:0]
Reserved
COREOFF
Reserved
CD
0
0
010
Description
Reserved.
Set this bit to 1 to turn off the modulators and energy metering DSP circuitry to reduce power if
metering functions are not needed in PSM0.
This bit should be kept at 0 for proper operation.
Set this bit to 1 to shut down the core if in the PSM1 operating mode.
Reserved.
Controls the core clock frequency (fCORE). fCORE = 4.096 MHz/2CD.
CD
Result (fCORE in MHz)
000
4.096
001
2.048
010
1.024
011
0.512
100
0.256
101
0.128
110
0.064
111
0.032
Writing to the Power Control SFR (POWCON, Address 0xC5)
Note that writing data to the POWCON SFR involves writing 0xA7 into the key SFR (KYREG, Address 0xC1), followed by a write to the
POWCON SFR.
Table 125. Key SFR (KYREG, Address 0xC1)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
KYREG
Default
0
Description
Write 0xA7 to the KYREG SFR before writing to the POWCON SFR to unlock it.
Write 0xEA to the KYREG SFR before writing to the INTPR, HTHSEC, SEC, MIN, or HOUR timekeeping
registers to unlock them (see the RTC Registers section).
Rev. 0 | Page 111 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
REAL-TIME CLOCK (RTC)
The ADE5166/ADE5169 have an embedded RTC (see Figure 98).
The external 32.768 kHz crystal is used as the clock source for
the RTC. Calibration is provided to compensate the nominal
crystal frequency and for variations in the external crystal frequency over temperature. By default, the RTC is active in all the
power saving modes. The RTC counters retain their values
through watchdog resets and external resets and are reset only
during a power-on reset.
The ADE5166/ADE5169 provide two ways to access the RTC
data: by direct access through SFRs for configuration and by
indirect access through address and data SFRs for the timekeeping
registers and some other configurations. The address and data
SFRs act as pointers to the RTC internal registers.
ACCESS TO RTC SFRs
Access to the RTC SFRs is achieved by reading or writing to the
SFR addresses that are detailed in the Access to Internal RTC
Registers section. Writing to the indirect registers is protected
by a key, as explained in the Writing to Internal RTC Registers
section. Reading is not protected.
The RTC registers can be written using the following 8052
assembly code:
MOV
RTCKey, #0EAh
CALL
UpdateRTC
…
UpdateRTC:
MOV
KYREG, RTCKey
MOV
RTCDAT, #30
MOV
RTCPTR, #82h
MOV
KYREG, RTCKey
MOV
RTCDAT, #05
MOV
RTCPTR, #83h
MOV
KYREG, RTCKey
MOV
RTCDAT, #04
MOV
RTCPTR, #84h
MOV
RTCKey, #00h
RET
ACCESS TO INTERNAL RTC REGISTERS
Reading Internal Energy Measurement Registers
Access to the internal RTC measurement registers is achieved by
writing to the RTC pointer address SFR (RTCPTR, Address 0xA3).
The RTCPTR register selects the RTC register to be accessed
and determines if a read or a write is performed (see Table 129).
When Bit 7 of the RTCPTR SFR is cleared, the content of the
internal RTC data register designated by the address in RTCPTR
is transferred to the RTCDAT SFR. The RTC cannot be stopped
to read the current time because stopping the RTC introduces
an error in its timekeeping. Therefore, the RTC is read on-the-fly,
and the counter registers must be checked for overflow. This
can be accomplished using the following 8052 assembly code:
Writing to Internal RTC Registers
The RTC circuitry runs off a 32.768 kHz clock. The timekeeping
registers, HTHSEC, SEC, MIN, HOUR, DAY, DATE, MONTH,
and YEAR are updated with a 32.768 kHz clock. However, the
TIMECON (Address 0xA1) and TIMECON2 (Address 0xA2)
SFRs and the INTVAL register (Address 0x09) are updated with
a 128 Hz clock. It takes up to two 128 Hz clock cycles from when
the MCU writes the TIMECON, TIMECON2, or INTVAL SFRs
until they are successfully updated in the RTC.
When the RTCW_RB bit of the RTCPTR SFR (Address 0xA3)
is set, the content of the RTCDAT SFR (Address 0xA4) is
transferred to the internal RTC register designated by the
address in the RTCPTR SFR. To protect the RTC timekeeping
registers from runaway code, a key must be written to the
KYREG SFR (Address 0xC1) to obtain write access to any of the
RTC indirect registers. The KYREG should be set to 0xEA to
unlock the timekeeping registers and is reset to zero after a
timekeeping register is written.
ReadAgain:
MOV
0
RTCPTR #01
MOV
R0, RTCDAT
MOV
RTCPTR, #02
MOV
R1, RTCDAT
MOV
RTCPTR, #03
MOV
R2, RTCDAT
MOV
RTCPTR, #04
MOV
R3, RTCDAT
MOV
RTCPTR, #01
MOV
A, RTCDAT
; Read HTHSEC using Bank
; Read SEC
; Read MIN
; Read HOUR
; Read HTHSEC
CJNE
A, 00h, ReadAgain
Bank 0
Rev. 0 | Page 112 of 148
; 00h is R0 in
ADE5166/ADE5169
XTALG2
XTALOS
_
TEMPERATURE
ADC
+
XTALG1
AUTOCOMPEN
32.768kHz
CRYSTAL
TEMPCAL
(x)
2
COMPENSATION
RTCCOMP
CALIBRATION
ITS1 ITS0
CALIBRATED
32.768kHz
8-BIT
PRESCALER
HUNDREDTHS COUNTER
HTHSEC
ALSEC_EN
EQUAL?
ALARM SECOND
ALSEC
EQUAL?
ALARM MINUTE
ALMIN
EQUAL?
ALARM HOUR
ALHOUR
EQUAL?
ALARM DAY
ALDAY
EQUAL?
ALARM DATE
ALDATE
ALMIN_EN
ALHR_EN
ALDAY_EN
ALDAT_EN
SECOND COUNTER
SEC
INTERVAL
TIMEBASE
SELECTION
MUX
MINUTE COUNTER
MIN
HOUR COUNTER
HOUR
ITEN
DAY COUNTER
DAY
DAY COUNTER
DATE
8-BIT
INTERVAL COUNTER
INTVAL
MONTH COUNTER
MONTH
EQUAL?
YEAR COUNTER
YEAR
RTC INTERRUPT
ALFLAG
07411-123
ALINT_EN
Figure 98. RTC Implementation
RTC SFRs
Table 126. List of RTC SFRs
SFR
TIMECON
TIMECON2
RTCPTR
RTCDAT
KYREG
RTCCOMP
TEMPCAL
Address
0xA1
0xA2
0xA3
0xA4
0xC1
0xF6
0xF7
Bit Addressable
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Description
RTC configuration (see Table 127).
RTC Configuration 2 (see Table 128).
RTC pointer address (see Table 129).
RTC pointer data (see Table 130).
Key (see Table 133).
RTC nominal compensation (see Table 131).
RTC temperature compensation (see Table 132). This is a read only register.
Rev. 0 | Page 113 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 127. RTC Configuration SFR (TIMECON, Address 0xA1)
Bit
7
6
Mnemonic
Reserved
ALFLAG
Default
N/A
0
[5:4]
ITS1, ITS0
0
3
SIT
0
2
ITFLAG
0
1
ITEN
0
0
Unused
N/A
Description
Reserved.
Alarm flag. This bit is set when the RTC registers match the enabled alarm registers. It can be cleared by
the user to indicate that the alarm has been serviced.
INTVAL timebase select bits.
ITS1, ITS0
Timebase
00
1/128 sec
01
Second
10
Minute
11
Hour
Interval timer one-time alarm.
SIT
Result
0
The ITFLAG flag is set after INTVAL counts, and then another interval count starts
1
The ITFLAG flag is set after one time interval
Interval timer flag. This bit is set when the configured time interval has elapsed. It can be cleared by the
user to indicate that the alarm event has been serviced.
Interval timer enable.
ITEN
Result
0
The interval timer is disabled, and the 8-bit interval timer counter is reset
1
Set this bit to 1 to enable the interval timer
Unused.
Table 128. RTC Configuration 2 SFR (TIMECON2, Address 0xA2)
Bit
[7:5]
4
Mnemonic
Reserved
ALDAT_EN
Default
N/A
0
3
ALDAY_EN
0
2
ALHR_EN
0
1
ALMIN_EN
0
0
ALSEC_EN
0
Description
Reserved.
Alarm date enable. When this bit is set, the data in the AL_DATE register (Address 0x0E) is compared to
the data in the RTC DATE register (Address 0x06). If the two values match and any other enabled RTC
alarms also match, the ALFLAG in the TIMECON SFR (Address 0xA1) is set. If enabled, an RTC interrupt occurs.
Alarm day enable. When this bit is set, the data in the AL_DAY (Address 0x0D) register is compared to the
data in the RTC DAY register (Address 0x05). If the two values match and any other enabled RTC alarms
also match, the ALFLAG in the TIMECON SFR (Address 0xA1) is set. If enabled, an RTC interrupt occurs.
Alarm hour enable. When this bit is set, the data in the AL_HOUR register (Address 0x0C) is compared to
the data in the RTC HOUR register (Address 0x04). If the two values match and any other enabled RTC
alarms also match, the ALFLAG in the TIMECON SFR (Address 0xA1) is set. If enabled, an RTC interrupt occurs.
Alarm minute enable. When set, the data in the AL_MIN register (Address 0x0B) is compared to the data in
the RTC MIN register (Address 0x03). If the two values match and any other enabled RTC alarms also
match, the ALFLAG in the TIMECON SFR (Address 0xA1) is set. If enabled, an RTC interrupt occurs.
Alarm second enable. When this bit is set, the data in the AL_SEC register (Address 0x0A) is compared to
the data in the RTC SEC register (Address 0x02). If the two values match and any other enabled RTC alarms
also match, the ALFLAG in the TIMECON SFR (Address 0xA1) is set. If enabled, an RTC interrupt occurs.
Rev. 0 | Page 114 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 129. RTC Pointer Address SFR (RTCPTR, Address 0xA3)
Bit
7
Mnemonic
RTCW_RB
Default
0
[6:5]
Reserved
N/A
Description
Read/write selection.
RTCW_RB
Results
0
The RTC register at RTC_ADDRESS (Bits[4:0]) is read into the RTCDAT SFR
(Address 0xA4).
1
The data in the RTCDAT SFR is written in the RTC register at RTC_ADDRESS
(Bits[4:0]). This operation is completed only if the KYREG SFR (Address 0xC1)
is set to 0xEA, the instruction before writing to the RTCDAT SFR.
Reserved.
[4:0]
RTC_ADDRESS
0
Target address for read/write operation.
Table 130. RTC Pointer Data SFR (RTCDAT, Address 0xA4)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
RTC_DATA
Default
0
Description
Location of data for read/write RTC operation.
Table 131. RTC Nominal Compensation SFR (RTCCOMP, Address 0xF6)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
RTCCOMP
Default
0
Description
The RTCCOMP SFR holds the nominal RTC compensation value at 25°C. Note that this register
is reset after a watchdog reset, an external reset, or a power-on reset (POR).
Table 132. RTC Temperature Compensation SFR (TEMPCAL, Address 0xF7)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
TEMPCAL
Default
0
Description
The TEMPCAL SFR is used to calibrate the RTC over temperature. This allows the external
crystal shift to be compensated over temperature. Note that this register is reset after a
watchdog reset, an external reset, or a power-on reset (POR).
Table 133. Key SFR (KYREG, Address 0xC1)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
KYREG
Default
0
Description
To unlock the POWCON SFR (Address 0xC5) and enable a write operation, 0xA7 should be
written to the KYREG SFR (Address 0xC1). To unlock the HTHSEC, SEC, MIN or HOUR timekeeping registers or the RTCCAL register and enable a write operation, 0xEA should be written
to KYREG.
Rev. 0 | Page 115 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
RTC REGISTERS
Table 134. RTC Register List
Address
RTCPTR[4:0]
0x00
0x01
Mnemonic
Reserved
HTHSEC
R/W
N/A
R/W
Length
N/A
8
Signed/
Unsigned
N/A
U
Default
Value
N/A
0
0x02
SEC
R/W
8
U
0
0x03
MIN
R/W
8
U
0
0x04
HOUR
R/W
8
U
0
0x05
DAY
R/W
8
U
0
0x06
DATE
R/W
8
U
1
0x07
MONTH
R/W
8
U
1
0x08
YEAR
R/W
8
U
0
0x09
INTVAL
R/W
8
U
0
0x0A
AL_SEC
R/W
8
U
0
0x0B
AL_MIN
R/W
8
U
0
0x0C
AL_HOUR
R/W
8
U
0
0x0D
AL_DAY
R/W
8
U
0
0x0E
AL_DATE
R/W
8
U
0
0x0F
RTC_CAL
R/W
8
U
0
Description
Reserved.
This counter updates every 1/128 second, referenced from the
calibrated 32.768 kHz clock. It overflows from 127 to 00,
incrementing the seconds counter, SEC.
This counter updates every second, referenced from the calibrated
32.768 kHz clock. It overflows from 59 to 00, incrementing the
minutes counter, MIN.
This counter updates every minute, referenced from the calibrated
32.768 kHz clock. It overflows from 59 to 00, incrementing the
hours counter, HOUR.
This counter updates every hour, referenced from the calibrated
32.768 kHz clock. It overflows from 23 to 00, incrementing the DAY
and DATE counters.
This counter updates every day, referenced from the calibrated
32.768 kHz clock. It overflows from 6 to 0.
This counter updates every day, referenced from the calibrated
32.768 kHz clock. It overflows from 28/29/30 or 31 to 01, depending on
the month, incrementing the month counter, MONTH.
This counter starts at 1 and updates every month, referenced from
the calibrated 32.768 kHz clock. It overflows from 12 to 01,
incrementing the year counter, YEAR.
This counter updates every year, referenced from the calibrated
32.768 kHz clock.
The interval timer counts according to the timebase established in the
ITS bits of the RTC Configuration SFR (TIMECON, Address 0xA1[5:4]).
When the number of counts is equal to INTVAL, the ITFLAG flag is set
and a pending RTC interrupt is created, if enabled. Note that the interval counter is eight bits, so it could count up to 255 sec, for example.
Alarm second register. When this register matches the SEC register
and the ALSEC_EN bit (TIMECON2, Address 0xA2[0]) is set, the
ALFLAG is issued if all other enabled alarms match their corresponding timekeeping register. If enabled, a pending RTC interrupt
is generated.
Alarm minute register. When this register matches the MIN register
and the ALMIN_EN bit (TIMECON2, Address 0xA2[1]) is set, the
ALFLAG is issued if all other enabled alarms match their corresponding timekeeping register. If enabled, a pending RTC interrupt
is generated.
Alarm hour register. When this register matches the HOUR register
and the ALHR_EN bit (TIMECON2, Address 0xA2[2]) is set, the
ALFLAG is issued if all other enabled alarms match their corresponding timekeeping register. If enabled, a pending RTC interrupt
is generated.
Alarm day register. When this register matches the DAY register
and the ALDAY_EN bit (TIMECON2, Address 0xA2[3]) is set, the
ALFLAG is issued if all other enabled alarms match their corresponding timekeeping registers. If enabled, a pending RTC
interrupt is generated.
Alarm date register. When this register matches the DATE register
and the ALDAT_EN bit (TIMECON2, Address 0xA2[4]) is set, the
ALFLAG is issued if all other enabled alarms match their corresponding timekeeping registers. If enabled, a pending RTC
interrupt is generated.
Configuration of the RTC calibration output (see Table 135).
Rev. 0 | Page 116 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 135. RTC Calibration Configuration Register (RTC_CAL, Address 0x0F)
Bit
7
Mnemonic
CAL_EN_PSM2
Default
0
6
CAL_EN
0
[5:4]
FSEL[1:0]
0
3
RTC_P2P3
0
Description
When this bit is set and the CAL_EN bit is set, the RTC output is present on P0.5/MISO/ZX in PSM2
mode. The RTC output is disabled on all other pins in PSM2.
RTC calibration enable output.
CAL_EN
Result
0
The RTC calibration output signal is disabled
1
The RTC calibration output signal is enabled and present on the pins selected by
the RTC_CAL[3:0] bits
RTC calibration output frequency selection.
FSEL[1:0]
Frequency
Calibration window
00
1 Hz
30.5 seconds
01
512 Hz
30.5 seconds
10
500 Hz
0.244 second
11
16 kHz
0.244 second
When this bit is set and the CAL_EN bit is set, the RTC output is present on the P2.3/SDEN/TxD2 pin.
2
1
RTC_P1P2
RTC_P0P7
0
0
When this bit is set and the CAL_EN bit is set, the RTC output is present on the P1.2/FP25/ZX pin.
When this bit is set and the CAL_EN bit is set, the RTC output is present on the P0.7/SS/T1/RxD2 pin.
0
RTC_P0P5
0
When this bit is set and the CAL_EN bit is set, the RTC output is present on the P0.5/MISO/ZX pin.
RTC CALENDAR
The RTC has a full calendar, taking into account leap years. The rollover of the date to increment the month is implemented according to the
parameters shown in Table 136.
Table 136. Month Rollover
MONTH Register
0x01
0x02
0x03
0x04
0x05
0x06
0x07
0x08
0x09
0x0A
0x0B
0x0C
Rollover Value
31
28 or 29 days (see Table 137)
31
30
31
30
31
31
30
31
30
31
Rev. 0 | Page 117 of 148
Estimated Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 137. Leap Years—Rollover After 29 Days
Interval Timer Alarm
Year Register
0d04
0d08
0d12
0d16
0d20
0d24
0d28
0d32
0d36
0d40
0d44
0d48
0d52
0d56
0d60
0d64
0d68
0d72
0d76
0d80
0d84
0d88
0d92
0d96
The RTC can be used as an interval timer. When the interval timer
is enabled by setting the ITEN bit in the RTC configuration SFR
(TIMECON, Address 0xA1[1]), the interval timer clock source
selected by the ITS1 and ITS0 bits (TIMECON, Bits[5:4]) is passed
through to an 8-bit counter. This counter increments on every
interval timer clock pulse until the 8-bit counter is equal to the
value in the alarm interval register. Then an alarm event is generated, setting the ITFLAG bit (TIMECON, Address 0xA1[2]) and
creating a pending RTC interrupt. If the SIT bit (TIMECON,
Address 0xA1[3]) is clear, the 8-bit counter is cleared and starts
counting again. If the SIT bit is set, the 8-bit counter is held in
reset after the alarm occurs.
Estimated Year
2004
2008
2012
2016
2020
2024
2028
2032
2036
2040
2044
2048
2052
2056
2060
2064
2068
2072
2076
2080
2084
2088
2092
2096
Take care when changing the interval timer timebase. The
recommended procedure is as follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
RTC INTERRUPTS
The RTC alarm and interval timer interrupts are enabled by
setting the ETI bit in the interrupt enable and Priority 2 SFR
(IEIP2, Address 0xA9). When an alarm or interval timer event
occurs, the corresponding flag is set and a pending RTC interrupt
is generated. If the RTC interrupt is enabled, the program vectors
to the RTC interrupt address, and the corresponding RTC flag
can be cleared in software. Moving to the RTC interrupt address
alone does not automatically clear the flag. To successfully
acknowledge the interrupt event, the flag has to be cleared by
software. If the RTC interrupt is disabled when the event occurs,
the pending interrupt remains until the corresponding RTC flag
is cleared. The ALFLAG and ITFLAG flags, therefore, drive the
RTC interrupt and should be managed by the user to keep track
of the RTC events.
If the INTVAL register is going to be modified, write to the
INTVAL register first. Then wait for one 128 Hz clock cycle
to synchronize with the RTC, 64,000 cycles at a 4.096 MHz
instruction cycle clock.
Disable the interval timer by clearing the ITEN bit (Bit 1)
in the TIMECON SFR. Then wait for one 128 Hz clock cycle
to synchronize with the RTC, 64,000 cycles at a 4.096 MHz
instruction cycle clock.
Read the TIMECON SFR to ensure that the ITEN bit is
clear. If it is not, wait for another 128 Hz clock cycle.
Set the timebase bits, ITS1 and ITS0 (Bits 5:4) in the
TIMECON SFR to configure the interval. Wait for a 128 Hz
clock cycle for this change to take effect.
Alarm
The RTC can be used with an alarm to wake up periodically. The
alarm registers (AL_SEC, AL_MIN, AL_HOUR, AL_DAY, and
AL_DATE) should be set to the specific time that the alarm event
is required, and the corresponding Alxx_EN bits set in the
TIMECON2 SFR (Address 0xA2). The enabled alarm registers
are then compared to their respective RTC registers (SEC, MIN,
HOUR, DAY, and DATE) and when all enabled alarms match
their corresponding RTC registers, the alarm flag is set and a
pending interrupt is generated. The alarm flag is located in Bit 6
of the TIMECON SFR (Address 0xA1). If enabled, an RTC
interrupt occurs and the program vectors to the RTC interrupt
address.
Note that, if the ADE5166/ADE5169 are awakened by an RTC
event, either the ALFLAG or ITFLAG, then the pending RTC
interrupt must be serviced before the ADE5166/ADE5169 can
go back to sleep again. The ADE5166/ADE5169 keep waking up
until this interrupt has been serviced.
Rev. 0 | Page 118 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
RTC CRYSTAL COMPENSATION
The RTC provides registers to compensate for the tolerance of
the crystal frequency and its variation over temperature. Up to
±248 ppm frequency error can be calibrated out by the RTC
circuitry. The compensation is fully digital and implemented
by adding or subtracting pulses from the crystal clock signal.
register (RTC_CAL, Address 0x0F). Note that for the 0.244 sec
calibration window, the RTC is clocked 125 times faster than in
the normal mode, resulting in timekeeping registers that represent
seconds/125, minutes/125, and hours/125, instead of seconds,
minutes, and hours. Therefore, this mode should be used for
calibration only.
The resolution of the RTC nominal compensation SFR
(RTCCOMP, Address 0xF6) is ±2 ppm/LSB, or 0.17 sec/day/LSB.
The RTC compensation circuitry adds the RTC temperature compensation SFR (TEMPCAL, Address 0xF7) and the RTC nominal
compensation SFR (RTCCOMP, Address 0xF6) to determine how
much compensation is required. The sum of these two registers is
limited to ±248 ppm, or 42.85 sec/day.
Table 138. RTC Calibration Options
RTC Calibration
When no RTC compensation is applied, with RTCCOMP and
TEMPCAL equal to zero, the nominal compensation required
to account for the error in the external crystal can be determined. In this case, it is not necessary to wait for an entire
calibration window to determine the error in the pulse output.
Calculating at the error in frequency between two consecutive
pulses on the RTC calibration pin is sufficient.
The nominal crystal frequency can be calibrated by adjusting
the RTCCOMP SFR so that the clock going into the RTC is
precisely 32.768 kHz at 25°C.
Calibration Flow
An RTC calibration pulse output is on up to four pins configured
by the four LSBs in the RTC calibration configuration register
(RTC_CAL, Address 0x0F). Enable the RTC output by setting
the CAL_EN bit (Bit 6) in the RTC calibration configuration
register (RTC_CAL, Address 0x0F).
The RTC calibration is accurate to within ±2 ppm over a 30.5 sec
window in all operational modes: PSM0, PSM1, and PSM2. Two
output frequencies are offered for the normal RTC mode: 1 Hz
with FSEL[1:0] = 00 and 512 Hz with FSEL[1:0] = 01 in the RTC
calibration configuration register (RTC_CAL, Address 0x0F).
A shorter window of 0.244 sec is offered for fast calibration during
PSM0 or PSM1mode . Two output frequencies are offered for this
RTC calibration output mode: 500 Hz with FSEL[1:0] = 10 and
16 kHz with FSEL[1:0] = 11 in the RTC calibration configuration
Option
Normal Mode 0
Normal Mode 1
Calibration Mode 0
Calibration Mode 1
FSEL[1:0]
00
01
10
11
Calibration
Window (sec)
30.5
30.5
0.244
0.244
fRTCCAL
(Hz)
1
512
500
16000
The value to write to the RTCCOMP SFR is calculated from the
% error or seconds per day error on the frequency output. Each
LSB of the RTCCOMP SFR represents 2 ppm of correction
where 1 sec/day error is equal to 11.57 ppm.
RTCCOMP = 5000 × (% Error)
RTCCOMP =
1
× (sec/day Error)
2 × 11.57
During calibration, user software writes the current time to the
RTC. Refer to the Access to Internal RTC Registers section for
more information on how to read and write to the RTC timekeeping registers.
Rev. 0 | Page 119 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
UART SERIAL INTERFACE
The ADE5166/ADE5169 UART can be configured in one of
four modes.
and the firmware interface is through the SFRs presented in
Table 139.
•
•
•
•
Both the serial port receive and transmit registers are accessed
through the serial port buffer SFR (SBUF, Address 0x99).
Writing to SBUF loads the transmit register, and reading SBUF
accesses a physically separate receive register.
Shift register with baud rate fixed at fCORE/12
8-bit UART with variable baud rate
9-bit UART with baud rate fixed at fCORE/64 or fCORE/32
9-bit UART with variable baud rate
Variable baud rates are defined by using an internal timer to
generate any rate between 300 bauds/sec and 115,200 bauds/sec.
The UART serial interface provided in the ADE5166/ADE5169
is a full-duplex serial interface. It is also receive buffered by storing
the first received byte in a receive buffer until the reception of
the second byte is complete. The physical interface to the UART
is provided via the RxD (P1.0/RxD) and TxD (P1.1/TxD) pins,
An enhanced UART mode is offered by using the UART timer
and by providing enhanced frame error, break error, and overwrite
error detection. This mode is enabled by setting the EXTEN bit
in the configuration SFR (CFG, Address 0xAF) (see the UART
Additional Features section). The enhanced serial baud rate control
SFR (SBAUDT, Address 0x9E) and UART timer fractional
divider SFR (SBAUDF, Address 0x9D) are used to configure the
UART timer and to indicate the enhanced UART errors.
UART SFRs
Table 139. Serial Port SFRs
SFR
SCON
SBUF
SBAUDT
SBAUDF
Address
0x98
0x99
0x9E
0x9D
Bit Addressable
Yes
No
No
No
Description
Serial communications control (see Table 140).
Serial port buffer (see Table 141).
Enhanced serial baud rate control (see Table 142).
UART timer fractional divider (see Table 143).
Table 140. Serial Communications Control SFR (SCON, Address 0x98)
Bit
[7:6]
Bit Address
0x9F, 0x9E
Mnemonic
SM0, SM1
Default
00
5
0x9D
SM2
0
4
0x9C
REN
0
3
0x9B
TB8
0
2
0x9A
RB8
0
1
0x99
TI
0
0
0x98
RI
0
Description
UART serial mode select bits. These bits select the serial port operating mode.
SM0, SM1
Result (Selected Operating Mode)
00
Mode 0, shift register, fixed baud rate (fCORE/12)
01
Mode 1, 8-bit UART, variable baud rate
10
Mode 2, 9-bit UART, fixed baud rate (fCORE/32) or (fCORE/16)
11
Mode 3, 9-bit UART, variable baud rate
Multiprocessor communication enable bit. Enables multiprocessor communication in
Mode 2 and Mode 3, and framing error detection in Mode 1.
In Mode 0, SM2 should be cleared.
In Mode 1, if SM2 is set, RI is not activated if a valid stop bit was not received.
If SM2 is cleared, RI is set as soon as the byte of data is received.
In Mode 2 or Mode 3, if SM2 is set, RI is not activated if the received ninth data bit in RB8 is 0. If
SM2 is cleared, RI is set as soon as the byte of data is received.
Serial port receive enable bit. Set by user software to enable serial port reception.
Cleared by user software to disable serial port reception.
Serial port transmit (Bit 9). The data loaded into TB8 is the ninth data bit transmitted in
Mode 2 and Mode 3.
Serial port receiver (Bit 9). The ninth data bit received in Mode 2 and Mode 3 is latched
into RB8. For Mode 1, the stop bit is latched into RB8.
Serial port transmit interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the end of the eighth bit in Mode 0 or
at the beginning of the stop bit in Mode 1, Mode 2, and Mode 3.
TI must be cleared by user software.
Serial port receive interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the end of the eighth bit in Mode 0 or
halfway through the stop bit in Mode 1, Mode 2, and Mode 3.
RI must be cleared by user software.
Rev. 0 | Page 120 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 141. Serial Port Buffer SFR (SBUF, Address 0x99)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
SBUF
Default
0
Description
Serial port data buffer.
Table 142. Enhanced Serial Baud Rate Control SFR (SBAUDT, Address 0x9E)
Bit
7
Mnemonic
OWE
Default
0
6
FE
0
5
BE
0
[4:3]
[2:0]
SBTH
DIV
0
0
Description
Overwrite error. This bit is set when new data is received and RI = 1 (Bit 0 in the SCON SFR, Address
0x98). It indicates that SBUF was not read before the next character was transferred in, causing the
prior SBUF data to be lost. Write a 0 to this bit to clear it.
Frame error. This bit is set when the received frame does not have a valid stop bit. This bit is read
only and is updated every time a frame is received.
Break error. This bit is set whenever the receive data line (Rx) is low for longer than a full transmission
frame, which is the time required for a start bit, eight data bits, a parity bit, and half a stop bit. This
bit is updated every time a frame is received.
Extended divider ratio for baud rate setting, as shown in Table 144.
Binary divider (see Table 144).
DIV
Result
000
Divide by 1
001
Divide by 2
010
Divide by 4
011
Divide by 8
100
Divide by 16
101
Divide by 32
110
Divide by 64
111
Divide by 128
Table 143. UART Timer Fractional Divider SFR (SBAUDF, Address 0x9D)
Bit
7
Mnemonic
UARTBAUDEN
Default
0
6
[5:0]
Not implemented
SBAUDF
0
Description
UART baud rate enable. Set to enable UART timer to generate the baud rate.
When set, the SMOD bit (PCON, Address 0x87[7]), the TCLK bit (T2CON, Address0x88[4]), and the
RCLK bit (T2CON, Address 0xC8[5]) are ignored.
Cleared to let the baud rate be generated as per a standard 8052.
Not implemented, write don’t care.
UART timer fractional divider.
Rev. 0 | Page 121 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 144. Common Baud Rates Using the UART Timer with a 4.096 MHz PLL Clock
Ideal Baud
115,200
115,200
57,600
57,600
38,400
38,400
38,400
19,200
19,200
19,200
19,200
9600
9600
9600
9600
9600
4800
4800
4800
4800
4800
4800
2400
2400
2400
2400
2400
2400
2400
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
CD
0
1
0
1
0
1
2
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3
4
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
SBTH
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
DIV
1
0
2
1
2
1
0
3
2
1
0
4
3
2
1
0
5
4
3
2
1
0
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
7
7
7
6
5
4
3
2
SBAUDT
0x01
0x00
0x02
0x01
0x02
0x01
0x00
0x03
0x02
0x01
0x00
0x04
0x03
0x02
0x01
0x00
0x05
0x04
0x03
0x02
0x01
0x00
0x06
0x05
0x04
0x03
0x02
0x01
0x00
0x17
0x0F
0x07
0x06
0x05
0x04
0x03
0x02
Rev. 0 | Page 122 of 148
SBAUDF
0x87
0x87
0x87
0x87
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
0xAB
% Error
+0.16
+0.16
+0.16
+0.16
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
ADE5166/ADE5169
All of the following conditions must be met at the time the final
shift pulse is generated to receive a character:
UART OPERATION MODES
Mode 0 (Shift Register with Baud Rate Fixed at fCORE/12)
Mode 0 is selected when the SM0 and SM1 bits in the serial
communications control register SFR (SCON, Address 0x98) are
cleared. In this shift register mode, serial data enters and exits
through the RxD pin. The TxD pin outputs the shift clock. The
baud rate is fixed at fCORE/12. Eight data bits are transmitted or
received.
Transmission is initiated by any instruction that writes to the
serial port buffer SFR (SBUF, Address 0x99). The data is shifted
out of the Pin RxD line. The eight bits are transmitted with the
least significant bit (LSB) first.
Reception is initiated when the serial port receive enable bit
(Bit REN, Address 0x98[4]) is 1, and the serial port receive interrupt bit (Bit RI, Address 0x98[0]) is 0. When RI is cleared, the
data is clocked into the Pin RxD line, and the clock pulses are
output from the Pin TxD line as shown in Figure 99.
DATA BIT 0
DATA BIT 1
DATA BIT 6
•
Figure 99. 8-Bit Shift Register Mode
Mode 1 is selected by clearing the SM0 bit (Address 0x98[7]) and
setting the SM1 bit (Address 0x98[6]). Each data byte (LSB first)
is preceded by a start bit (0) and followed by a stop bit (1).
Therefore, each frame consists of 10 bits transmitted on the TxD
pin or received on the RxD pin.
The baud rate is set by a timer overflow rate. Timer 1 or Timer 2
can be used to generate baud rates, or both timers can be used
simultaneously where one generates the transmit rate and the
other generates the receive rate. There is also a dedicated timer
for baud rate generation, the UART timer, which has a fractional
divisor to precisely generate any baud rate (see the UART Timer
Generated Baud Rates section).
Transmission is initiated by a write to the serial port buffer SFR
(SBUF, Address 0x99). Next, a stop bit (1) is loaded into the ninth
bit position of the internal serial port shift register. The data is
output bit by bit until the stop bit appears on the TxD pin and
the transmit interrupt flag, TI (Address 0x98[1]), is
automatically set, as shown in Figure 100.
STOP BIT
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
•
•
The eight bits in the receive shift register are latched into
the SBUF SFR.
The ninth bit (stop bit) is clocked into RB8 in the SCON SFR.
The receiver interrupt flag (RI in the SCON SFR) is set.
Mode 2 (9-Bit UART with Baud Fixed at fCORE/64 or fCORE/32)
Mode 1 (8-Bit UART, Variable Baud Rate)
START
BIT
If any of these conditions is not met, the received frame is irretrievably lost, and the receive interrupt flag (Bit RI in the SCON
SFR, Address 0x98[0]) is not set.
DATA BIT 7
TxD
(SHIFT CLOCK)
TxD
•
If the extended UART is disabled (EXTEN = 0 in the CFG
SFR, Address 0xAF), RI must be 0 to receive a character.
This ensures that the data in the SBUF SFR is not overwritten
if the last received character has not been read.
If frame error checking is enabled by setting SM2 (Bit 5 of
the SCON SFR, Address 0x98), the received stop bit must
be set to receive a character. This ensures that every character
received comes from a valid frame, with both a start bit
and a stop bit.
If the received frame has met these conditions, the following
events occur:
07411-078
RxD
(DATA OUT)
•
D7
SET INTERRUPT
(FOR EXAMPLE,
READY FOR MORE DATA)
07411-079
TI
(SCON.1)
Figure 100. 8-Bit Variable Baud Rate
Reception is initiated when a 1-to-0 transition is detected on
the RxD pin. Assuming that a valid start bit is detected,
character reception continues. The eight data bits are clocked
into the internal serial port shift register.
Mode 2 is selected by setting SM0 and clearing SM1. In this
mode, the UART operates in 9-bit mode with a fixed baud rate.
The baud rate is fixed at fCORE/64 by default, although setting the
SMOD bit in the program control SFR (PCON, Address 0x87)
doubles the frequency to fCORE/32. Eleven bits are transmitted or
received: a start bit (0), eight data bits, a programmable ninth
bit, and a stop bit (1). The ninth bit is most often used as a parity
bit or as part of a multiprocessor communication protocol,
although it can be used for anything, including a ninth data bit,
if required.
To use the ninth data bit as part of a communication protocol for
a multiprocessor network such as RS-485, the ninth bit is set to
indicate that the frame contains the address of the device with
which the master wants to communicate. The devices on the
network are always listening for a packet with the ninth bit set
and are configured such that if the ninth bit is cleared, the frame
is not valid, and a receive interrupt is not generated. If the ninth
bit is set, all devices on the network receive the address and obtain
a receive character interrupt. The devices examine the address and,
if it matches one of the preprogrammed addresses of the device,
that device configures itself to listen to all incoming frames, even
those with the ninth bit cleared. Because the master has initiated
communication with that device, all the following packets with
the ninth bit cleared are intended specifically for that addressed
device until another packet with the ninth bit set is received. If
the address does not match, the device continues to listen for
address packets.
Rev. 0 | Page 123 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
To transmit, the eight data bits must be written into the serial
port buffer SFR (SBUF, Address 0x99). The ninth bit must be
written to TB8 (Bit 3) in the serial communications control SFR
(SCON, Address 0x98). When transmission is initiated, the eight
data bits from SBUF are loaded into the transmit shift register
(LSB first). The ninth data bit, held in TB8, is loaded into the
ninth bit position of the transmit shift register. The transmission
starts at the next valid baud rate clock. The serial port transmit
interrupt flag (TI, Bit 1 in the SCON SFR) is set as soon as the
transmission completes, when the stop bit appears on TxD.
All of the following conditions must be met at the time the final
shift pulse is generated to receive a character:
•
•
If the extended UART is disabled (EXTEN = 0 in the CFG
SFR), RI in the SCON SFR must be 0 to receive a character.
This ensures that the data in SBUF is not overwritten if the
last received character has not been read.
If multiprocessor communication is enabled by setting
SM2 in the SCON SFR, the received ninth bit must be set to
receive a character. This ensures that only frames with the
ninth bit set, which are frames that contain addresses,
generate a receive interrupt.
If any of these conditions is not met, the received frame is
irretrievably lost, and the receive interrupt flag (RI in the SCOn
SFR) is not set.
Reception for Mode 2 is similar to that of Mode 1. The eight
data bytes are input at RxD (LSB first) and loaded onto the
receive shift register. If the received frame has met the previous
criteria, the following events occur:
•
•
•
The eight bits in the receive shift register are latched into
the SBUF SFR.
The ninth data bit is latched into RB8 in the SCON SFR.
The receiver interrupt flag (RI in the SCON SFR) is set.
UART BAUD RATE GENERATION
Mode 0 Baud Rate Generation
The baud rate in Mode 0 is fixed.
⎞
⎛f
Mode 0 Baud Rate = ⎜ CORE ⎟
⎝ 12 ⎠
Mode 2 Baud Rate Generation
The baud rate in Mode 2 depends on the value of the SMOD
bit in the program control SFR (PCON, Address 0x87[7]). If
SMOD = 0, the baud rate is 1/32 of the core clock. If SMOD = 1,
the baud rate is 1/16 of the core clock.
Mode 2 Baud Rate =
2 SMOD
× fCORE
32
Mode 1 and Mode 3 Baud Rate Generation
The baud rates in Mode 1 and Mode 3 are determined by the
overflow rate of the timer generating the baud rate, that is,
Timer 1, Timer 2, or the dedicated baud rate generator, UART
timer, which has an integer and a fractional divisor.
Timer 1 Generated Baud Rates
When Timer 1 is used as the baud rate generator, the baud rates
in Mode 1 and Mode 3 are determined by the Timer 1 overflow
rate. The value of SMOD is as follows:
Mode 1 or Mode 3 Baud Rate =
2 SMOD
× Timer 1 Overflow Rate
32
The Timer 1 interrupt should be disabled in this application.
The timer itself can be configured for either timer or counter
operation and in any of its three running modes. In the most
typical application, it is configured for timer operation in autoreload mode (high nibble of TMOD = 0010 binary, see Table 12).
In that case, the baud rate is given by the following formula:
SMOD
Mode 1 or Mode 3 Baud Rate = 2
×
Mode 3 (9-Bit UART with Variable Baud Rate)
Mode 3 is selected by setting both SM0 and SM1 in the SCON
SFR. In this mode, the 8052 UART serial port operates in 9-bit
mode with a variable baud rate. The baud rate is set by a timer
overflow rate. Timer 1 or Timer 2 can be used to generate baud
rates, or both timers can be used simultaneously where one
generates the transmit rate and the other generates the receive
rate. There is also a dedicated timer for baud rate generation,
the UART timer, which has a fractional divisor to precisely
generate any baud rate (see the UART Timer Generated Baud
Rates section). The operation of the 9-bit UART is the same as
for Mode 2, but the baud rate can be varied.
In all four modes, transmission is initiated by any instruction
that uses SBUF as a destination register. Reception is initiated in
Mode 0 when RI = 0 and REN = 1 in the SCON SFR. Reception
is initiated in the other modes by the incoming start bit if REN = 1.
32
f CORE
( 256 − TH1)
Timer 2 Generated Baud Rates
Baud rates can also be generated by using Timer 2. Using Timer 2
is similar to using Timer 1 in that the timer must overflow 16 times
before a bit is transmitted or received. Because Timer 2 has a
16-bit autoreload mode, a wider range of baud rates is possible.
Mode 1 or Mode 3 Baud Rate =
1
× Timer 2 Overflow Rate
16
Therefore, when Timer 2 is used to generate baud rates, the
timer increments every two clock cycles rather than every core
machine cycle as before. It increments six times faster than
Timer 1, and, therefore, baud rates six times faster are possible.
Rev. 0 | Page 124 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Because Timer 2 has 16-bit autoreload capability, very low baud
rates are still possible. Timer 2 is selected as the baud rate generator
by setting TCLK and/or RCLK in Timer/Counter 2 control SFR
(T2CON, Address 0xC8). The baud rates for transmit and receive
can be simultaneously different. Setting RCLK and/or TCLK puts
Timer 2 into its baud rate generator mode, as shown in Figure 102.
fCORE
TIMER 1/TIMER 2
Tx CLOCK
FRACTIONAL
÷(1 + SBAUDF/64)
DIVIDER
TIMER 1/TIMER 2
Rx CLOCK
1
0
1
0
÷2DIV + SBTH
÷32
Mode 1 or Mode 3 Baud Rate =
UARTBAUDEN
UART TIMER
Rx/Tx CLOCK
f CORE
(16 × [65536 − (RCAP 2H : RCAP 2L )])
Tx CLOCK
Figure 101. UART Timer, UART Baud Rate
Two SFRs, enhanced serial baud rate control SFR (SBAUDT,
Address 0x9E) and UART timer fractional divider SFR (SBAUDF,
Address 0x9D), are used to control the UART timer. SBAUDT is
the baud rate control SFR; it sets up the integer divider (DIV) and
the extended divider (SBTH) for the UART timer.
UART Timer Generated Baud Rates
The high integer dividers in a UART block mean that high speed
baud rates are not always possible. In addition, generating baud
rates requires the exclusive use of a timer, rendering it unusable
for other applications when the UART is required. To address
this problem, each ADE5166/ADE5169 has a dedicated baud
rate timer (UART timer) specifically for generating highly
accurate baud rates. The UART timer can be used instead of
Timer 1 or Timer 2 for generating very accurate high speed
UART baud rates, including 115,200 bps. This timer also allows
a much wider range of baud rates to be obtained. In fact, every
desired bit rate from 12 bps to 393,216 bps can be generated to
within an error of ±0.8%. The UART timer also frees up the other
three timers, allowing them to be used for different applications.
A block diagram of the UART timer is shown in Figure 101.
The appropriate value to write to DIV (Bits[2:0]) and SBTH
(Bits[4:3]) can be calculated using the following formula, where
fCORE is defined in the POWCON SFR (see Table 25). Note that
the DIV value must be rounded down to the nearest integer.
⎛
⎞
f CORE
⎟
log⎜
⎜ 16 × Baud Rate ⎟
⎝
⎠
DIV + SBTH =
log(2)
TIMER 1
OVERFLOW
2
0
fCORE
SMOD
C/ T2 = 0
TH2
(8 BITS)
TIMER 2
OVERFLOW
1
0
RCLK
C/ T2 = 1
16
1
TR2
TCLK
16
RCAP2L
T2EX PIN
(P1.3/T2EX/FP24)
Rx
CLOCK
0
RELOAD
NOTE: AVAILABILITY OF ADDITIONAL
EXTERNAL INTERRUPT
EXF 2
RCAP2H
TIMER 2
INTERRUPT
Tx
CLOCK
P1.4/T2/FP23
CONTROL
07411-080
TRANSITION
DETECTOR
1
CONTROL
TL2
(8 BITS)
T2 PIN
(P1.4/T2/FP23)
07411-081
Rx CLOCK
In this case, the baud rate is given by the following formula:
EXEN2
Figure 102. Timer 2, UART Baud Rates
Rev. 0 | Page 125 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
⎛
⎞
f CORE
SBAUDF = 64 × ⎜
− 1⎟
⎜ 16 × 2 DIV + SBTH × Baud Rate ⎟
⎝
⎠
however, provide frame error checking for a 9-bit UART. This
enhanced error checking functionality is available through the
frame error bit, FE, in the enhanced serial baud rate control SFR
(SBAUDT, Address 0x9E). The FE bit is set on framing errors
for both 8-bit and 9-bit UARTs.
Rx
Note that SBAUDF should be rounded to the nearest integer.
After the values for DIV and SBAUDF are calculated, the actual
baud rate can be calculated with the following formula:
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
STOP
RI
FE
EXTEN = 1
fCORE
SBAUDF ⎞
DIV + SBTH
× ⎛⎜1 +
16 × 2
⎟
64
⎝
⎠
Figure 103. UART Timing in Mode 1
For example, to obtain a baud rate of 9600 bps while operating
at a core clock frequency of 4.096 MHz and with the PLL CD
bits equal to 0,
Rx
START
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
STOP
RI
4,096,000 ⎞
log⎛⎜
⎟
16 × 9600 ⎠
⎝
= 4.74 = 4
DIV + SBTH =
log(2)
07411-083
Acutal Baud Rate =
START
07411-082
SBAUDF is the fractional divider ratio required to achieve the
required baud rate. The appropriate value for SBAUDF can be
calculated with the following formula:
FE
EXTEN = 1
Figure 104. UART Timing in Mode 2 and Mode 3
Note that the DIV result is rounded down.
4,096,000
SBAUDF = 64 × ⎛⎜
− 1⎞⎟ = 42.67 = 0x2B
⎝ 16 × 23 × 9600 ⎠
Thus, the actual baud rate is 9570 bps, resulting in a 0.31% error.
UART ADDITIONAL FEATURES
Enhanced Error Checking
The 8052 standard UART does not provide break error detection.
However, for an 8-bit UART, a break error can be detected when
the received character is 0, a null character, and when there is a
no stop bit because the RB8 bit is low. Break error detection is
not possible for a 9-bit 8052 UART because the stop bit is not
recorded. The ADE5166/ADE5169 enhanced break error
detection is available through the BE bit in the SBAUDT SFR.
The extended UART provides frame error, break error, and overwrite error detection. Framing errors occur when a stop bit is
not present at the end of the frame. A missing stop bit implies
that the data in the frame may not have been received properly.
Break error detection indicates whether the RxD line has been
low for longer than a 9-bit frame. It indicates that the data just
received, a 0 or null character, is not valid because the master has
disconnected. Overwrite error detection indicates when the
received data has not been read fast enough and, as a result,
a byte of data has been lost.
The 8052 standard UART prevents overwrite errors by not
allowing a character to be received when the RI, receive interrupt
flag, is set. However, it does not indicate if a character has been
lost because the RI bit in the SCON SFR is set when the frame is
received. The enhanced UART overwrite error detection provides
this information. When the enhanced 8052 UART is enabled,
a frame is received regardless of the state of the RI flag. If RI = 1
when a new byte is received, the byte in SCON is overwritten,
and the overwrite error flag is set. The overwrite error flag is
cleared when SBUF is read.
The 8052 standard UART offers frame-error checking for an 8-bit
UART through the SM2 and RB8 bits in the SCON SFR. Setting the
SM2 bit prevents frames without a stop bit from being received.
The stop bit is latched into the RB8 bit in the serial communications control SFR (SCON, Address 0x98). This bit can be examined
to determine if a valid frame was received. The 8052 does not,
The extended UART is enabled by setting the EXTEN bit in the
configuration SFR (CFG, Address 0xAF).
UART TxD Signal Modulation
There is an internal 38 kHz signal that can be OR’ed with the
UART transmit signal for use in remote control applications
(see the 38 kHz Modulation section).
Rev. 0 | Page 126 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
UART2 SERIAL INTERFACE
The ADE5166/ADE5169 UART2 is an 8-bit or 9-bit UART with
variable baud rate.
Variable baud rates are defined by using an internal timer to
generate any rate between 300 bauds/sec and 115,200 bauds/sec.
The UART2 serial interface provided in the ADE5166/ADE5169 is
a full-duplex serial interface. It is also receive buffered by storing
the first received byte in a receive buffer until the reception of
the second byte is complete. The physical interface to the UART
is provided via the RxD2 (P0.7/SS/T1/RxD2) pin and the TxD2
(SDEN/P2.3/TxD2) pin, whereas the firmware interface is through
the SFRs presented in Table 145.
Both the serial port receive and transmit registers are accessed
through the SBUF2 SFR (Address 0xEB). Writing to SBUF2
loads the transmit register, and reading SBUF2 accesses a
physically separate receive register.
An enhanced UART mode is offered by using the UART timer
and providing enhanced frame error, break error, and overwrite
error detection. The SBAUD2 SFR (Address 0xEE) is used to
configure the UART2 timer and to indicate the enhanced
UART2 errors.
UART2 SFRs
Table 145. Serial Port 2 SFRs
SFR
SCON2
SBUF2
SBAUD2
Address
0xE1
0xEB
0xEE
Bit
Addressable
No
No
No
Description
Serial communications control (see Table 146).
Serial Port 2 buffer (see Table 147).
Enhance serial baud rate control (see Table 148).
Table 146. Serial Communications Control SFR (SCON2, Address 0xE1)
Bit
7
6
5
Mnemonic
N/A
EN-T8
OWE2
Default
N/A
0
0
4
FE2
0
3
BE2
0
2
REN2
0
1
TI2
0
0
RI2
0
Description
Reserved
9-bit UART, variable baud rate enable bit. When set, the UART2 is in 9-bit mode.
Overwrite error. This bit is set when new data is received and RI = 1 in the SCON SFR. It indicates
that SBUF2 was not read before the next character was transferred in, causing the prior SBUF2
data to be lost. Write a 0 to this bit to clear it.
Frame error. This bit is set when the received frame does not have a valid stop bit. This bit is read
only and updated every time a frame is received.
Break error. This bit is set whenever the receive data line (RxD2) is low for longer than a full
transmission frame, the time required for a start bit, eight data bits, a parity bit, and half a stop
bit. This bit is updated every time a frame is received.
Serial Port 2 receive enable bit. Set by user software to enable serial port reception. Cleared by
user software to disable serial port reception.
Serial Port 2 transmit interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the end of the eighth bit, TI2 must be
cleared by user software.
Serial Port 2 receive interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the end of the eighth bit, RI2 must be
cleared by user software.
Table 147. Serial Port 2 Buffer SFR (SBUF2, Address 0xEB)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
SBUF2
Default
0
Description
Serial Port 2 data buffer.
Table 148. Enhanced Serial Baud Rate Control 2 SFR (SBAUD2, Address 0xEE)
Bit
7
6
Mnemonic
TB8
RB9
Default
0
0
5
[4:3]
SBF2
SBTH2
0
Description
Serial port transmit (Bit 9). The data loaded into TB8 is the ninth data bit transmitted in 9-bit mode.
Serial port receiver (Bit 9). The ninth data bit received in 9-bit mode is latched into RB8. For 8-bit
mode, the stop bit is latched into RB8.
Fractional divider Boolean: when set, SBAUDF2 = 0x2B when clear, SBAUDF2 = 0x07.
Extended divider ratio for baud rate setting (see Table 144).
Rev. 0 | Page 127 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Bit
[2:0]
Mnemonic
DIV2
Default
0
Description
Binary divider.
DIV2
Result
000
Divide by 1 (see Table 144)
001
Divide by 2 (see Table 144)
010
Divide by 4 (see Table 144)
011
Divide by 8 (see Table 144)
100
Divide by 16 (see Table 144)
101
Divide by 32 (see Table 144)
110
Divide by 164 (see Table 144)
111
Divide by 128 (see Table 144)
Table 149. Common Baud Rates Using the UART2 Timer with a 4.096 MHz PLL Clock
Ideal Baud
115,200
115,200
57,600
57,600
38,400
38,400
38,400
19,200
19,200
19,200
19,200
9600
9600
9600
9600
9600
4800
4800
4800
4800
4800
4800
2400
2400
2400
2400
2400
2400
2400
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
CD
0
1
0
1
0
1
2
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3
4
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
SBTH2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
DIV2
1
0
2
1
2
1
0
3
2
1
0
4
3
2
1
0
5
4
3
2
1
0
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
7
7
7
6
5
4
3
2
SBAUDT
0x01
0x00
0x02
0x01
0x02
0x01
0x00
0x03
0x02
0x01
0x00
0x04
0x03
0x02
0x01
0x00
0x05
0x04
0x03
0x02
0x01
0x00
0x06
0x05
0x04
0x03
0x02
0x01
0x00
0x17
0x0F
0x07
0x06
0x05
0x04
0x03
0x02
Rev. 0 | Page 128 of 148
SBF2
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SBAUDF2
0x07
0x07
0x07
0x07
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
0x2B
% Error
+ 0.16
+ 0.16
+ 0.16
+ 0.16
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
−0.31
ADE5166/ADE5169
9-Bit UART 2 with Variable Baud Rate
UART2 OPERATION MODE
The UART2 has two operation modes where each data byte
(LSB first) is preceded by a start bit (0), followed by a stop bit
(1). Therefore, each frame consists of 10 bits transmitted on the
TxD2 pin or received on the RxD2 pin.
The baud rate is set by a dedicated timer for baud rate generation, the UART2 timer, which has a fractional divisor to precisely
generate any baud rate.
Transmission is initiated by a write to the Serial Port 2 SFR
(SBUF2, Address 0xEB). Next, a stop bit (1) is loaded into the
ninth bit position of the serial port shift register. The data is output
bit by bit until the stop bit appears on the TxD2 pin and the
Serial Port 2 transmit interrupt flag, TI2 (Bit 1 of the SCON2
SFR) is automatically set, as shown in Figure 105.
TxD2
START
BIT
STOP BIT
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
07411-188
SET INTERRUPT
(FOR EXAMPLE,
READY FOR MORE DATA)
Figure 105. 8-Bit Variable Baud Rate
Reception is initiated when a 1-to-0 transition is detected on
the RxD2 pin. Assuming that a valid start bit is detected, character reception continues. The eight data bits are clocked into
the serial port shift register.
All of the following conditions must be met at the time the final
shift pulse is generated to receive a character:
•
If the extended UART is disabled (EXTEN = 0 in the CFG
SFR), RI (Bit 0 in the SCON SFR) must be 0 to receive a
character. This ensures that the data in the SBUF SFR is not
overwritten if the last received character has not been read.
If frame error checking is enabled by setting SM2 (Bit 5 in
the SCON SFR), the received stop bit must be set to receive
a character. This ensures that every character received comes
from a valid frame, with both a start bit and a stop bit.
If any of these conditions is not met, the received frame is
irretrievably lost, and the Serial Port 2 receive interrupt flag,
RI2, is not set.
If the received frame meets the preceding conditions, the following events occur:
•
•
In both modes, transmission is initiated by any instruction that
uses SBUF2 as a destination register. Reception is initiated in
8-bit mode when RI = 0 and REN = 1 in the SCON SFR. Reception is initiated in the 9-bit mode by the incoming start bit if
REN = 1.
UART2 BAUD RATE GENERATION
The baud rate is determined by the overflow rate of the dedicated
baud rate generator, the UART2 timer, which has an integer and
fractional divisor.
TI2
(SCON2[1])
•
Setting EN-T8 in the serial communications control SFR (SCON2,
Address 0xE1[6]) selects the 9-bit mode. In this mode, the UART2
serial port operates in 9-bit mode with a variable baud rate. The
baud rate is set by a dedicated timer for baud rate generation,
the UART2 timer, which has a fractional divisor to precisely
generate any baud rate (see the UART Timer Generated Baud Rates
section). The operation of the 9-bit UART2 is the same as for
the 9-bit mode of the UART.
The eight bits in the receive shift register are latched into
SBUF2.
The Serial Port 2 receiver interrupt flag (RI2) is set.
Transmission is initiated by any instruction that uses SBUF2 as
a destination register. Reception is initiated by the incoming start
bit if REN2 = 1 in the SCON2 SFR, Address0xE1[2].
UART2 Timer Generated Baud Rates
The enhanced Serial Baud Rate Control 2 SFR (SBAUD2,
Address 0xEE) is used to control the UART2 timer. SBAUD2 is
the baud rate control SFR; it sets up the integer divider (DIV2)
and the extended divider (SBTH2) for the UART2 timer.
The desired value to write to DIV2 (Bits[2:0]) and to SBTH2
(Bits[4:3]) can be calculated using the following formula, where
fcore is defined in the POWCON SFR. Note that the DIV2 value
must be rounded down to the nearest integer.
⎛
⎞
f core
⎟
log ⎜
⎜ 16 × Baud Rate ⎟
⎝
⎠
DIV2 + SBTH2 =
(
)
log 2
SBAUDF2 is the fractional divider ratio required to achieve the
required baud rate. The appropriate value for SBAUDF2 can be
calculated with the following formula:
⎛
⎞
⎝
⎠
f core
SBAUDF2 = 64 × ⎜
− 1⎟
⎜ 16 × 2 DIV 2 + SBTH 2 × Baud Rate
⎟
Note that the SBAUDF2 can only take two values, 0x87 or 0xAB,
by clearing or by setting the SBF2 bit (Bit 5), respectively, in the
SBAUD2 SFR. These values were chosen to provide an accurate
baud rate for 300, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19,200, 38,400, 57,600, and
115,200 bps. Once DIV2 and SBAUDF2 are calculated, the actual
baud rate can be calculated, using the following formula:
Actual Baud Rate =
Rev. 0 | Page 129 of 148
f core
SBAUDF 2 ⎞
16 × 2DIV 2 + SBTH 2 × ⎛⎜1 +
⎟
64
⎝
⎠
ADE5166/ADE5169
For example, to get a baud rate of 9600 while operating at a core
clock frequency of 4.096 MHz, with the PLL CD bits equal to 0,
DIV2 + SBTH2 = log(4,096,000/(16 × 9600))/log2 =
4.74 = 4
Note that the DIV result is rounded down.
SBAUDF2 = 64 × (4,096,000/(16 × 23 × 9600) − 1) =
42.67 = 0x2B
that the data in the frame may not have been received properly.
Break error detection indicates whether the RxD2 line is low for
longer than a 9-bit frame. It indicates that the data just received,
a 0 or NULL character, is not valid because the master has disconnected. Overwrite error detection indicates whether the received
data isn’t read fast enough and, as result, a byte of data is lost.
UART2 TxD2 Signal Modulation
Therefore, the actual baud rate is 9570 bps, which gives an error
of 0.31%.
UART2 ADDITIONAL FEATURES
Enhanced Error Checking
There is an internal 38 kHz signal that can be read with the
UART2 transmit signal for use in remote control applications.
One of the events that can wake the MCU from sleep mode is
activity on the RxD2 (P0.7/SS/T1/RxD2) pin. See the 3.3 V
Peripherals and Wake-Up Events section for more information.
The extended UART2 provides frame error, break error, and
overwrite error detection. Framing errors occur when a stop bit
is not present at the end of the frame. A missing stop bit implies
Rev. 0 | Page 130 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE (SPI)
The ADE5166/ADE5169 integrate a complete hardware serial
peripheral interface on-chip. The SPI is full duplex so that eight
bits of data are synchronously transmitted and simultaneously
received. This SPI implementation is double buffered, allowing
users to read the last byte of received data while a new byte is
shifted in. The next byte to be transmitted can be loaded while
the current byte is shifted out.
The SPI port can be configured for master or slave operation.
The physical interface to the SPI is via the MISO (P0.5/MISO/ZX),
MOSI (P0.4/MOSI/SDATA), SCLK (P0.6/SCLK/T0), and SS
(P0.7/SS/T1/RxD2) pins, while the firmware interface is via the
SPI Configuration SFR 1 (SPIMOD1, Address 0xE8), the SPI
Configuration SFR 2 (SPIMOD2, Address 0xE9), the SPI
interrupt status SFR (SPISTAT, Address 0xEA), the SPI/I2C
transmit buffer SFR (SPI2CTx, Address 0x9A), and the SPI/I2C
receive buffer SFR (SPI2CRx, Address 0x9B).
Note that the SPI pins are shared with the I2C pins. Therefore, the
user can enable only one interface at a time. The SCPS bit in the
configuration SFR (CFG, Address 0xAF) selects which peripheral
is active.
SPI REGISTERS
Table 150. SPI SFR List
SFR Address
0x9A
0x9B
0xE8
0xE9
0xEA
Mnemonic
SPI2CTx
SPI2CRx
SPIMOD1
SPIMOD2
SPISTAT
R/W
W
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
Length (Bits)
8
8
8
8
8
Default
0
0
0x10
0
0
Description
SPI/I2C transmit buffer (see Table 151).
SPI/I2C receive buffer (see Table 152).
SPI Configuration SFR 1 (see Table 153).
SPI Configuration SFR 2 (see Table 154).
SPI interrupt status (see Table 155).
Table 151. SPI/I2C Transmit Buffer SFR (SPI2CTx, Address 0x9A)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
SPI2CTx
Default
0
Description
SPI or I2C transmit buffer. When the SPI2CTx SFR is written, its content is transferred to the transmit
FIFO input. When a write is requested, the FIFO output is sent on the SPI or I2C bus.
Table 152. SPI/I2C Receive Buffer SFR (SPI2CRx, Address 0x9B)
Bit
[7:0]
Mnemonic
SPI2CRx
Default
0
Description
SPI or I2C receive buffer. When SPI2CRx SFR is read, one byte from the receive FIFO output is
transferred to the SPI2CRx SFR. A new data byte from the SPI or I2C bus is written to the FIFO input.
Rev. 0 | Page 131 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 153. SPI Configuration SFR 1 (SPIMOD1, Address 0xE8)
Bit
[7:6]
5
Bit Address
0xEF to 0xEE
0xED
Mnemonic
Reserved
INTMOD
Default
0
0
4
0xEC
AUTO_SS
1
Description
Reserved.
SPI interrupt mode.
INTMOD
Result
0
SPI interrupt is set when the SPI Rx buffer is full
1
SPI interrupt is set when the SPI Tx buffer is empty
Master mode, SS output control (see Figure 106).
AUTO_SS
0
3
0xEB
SS_EN
0
2
0xEA
RxOFW
0
[1:0]
0xE9 to 0xE8
SPIR
0
Result
The SS pin is held low while this bit is cleared, allowing manual chip select
control using the SS pin
1
Single byte read or write; the SS pin goes low during a single byte
transmission and then returns high
Continuous transfer; the SS pin goes low during the duration of the
multibyte continuous transfer and then returns high
Slave mode, SS input enable.
When this bit is set to Logic 1, the SS pin is defined as the slave select input pin for the
SPI slave interface.
Receive buffer overflow write enable.
RxOFW
Result
0
If the SPI2CRx SFR has not been read when a new data byte is received,
the new byte is discarded
1
If the SPI2CRx SFR has not been read when a new data byte is received,
the new byte overwrites the old data
Master mode, SPI SCLK frequency.
SPIR
Result
00
fCORE/8 = 512 kHz (if fCORE = 4.096 MHz)
01
fCORE/16 = 256 kHz (if fCORE = 4.096 MHz)
10
fCORE/32 = 128 kHz (if fCORE = 4.096 MHz)
11
fCORE/64 = 64 kHz (if fCORE = 4.096 MHz)
Rev. 0 | Page 132 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 154. SPI Configuration SFR 2 (SPIMOD2, Address 0xE9)
Bit
7
Mnemonic
SPICONT
Default
0
6
SPIEN
0
5
SPIODO
0
4
SPIMS_b
0
3
SPICPOL
0
2
SPICPHA
0
1
SPILSBF
0
0
TIMODE
1
Description
Master mode, SPI continuous transfer mode enable bit.
SPICONT Result
0
The SPI interface stops after one byte is transferred and SS is deasserted. A new data transfer can
be initiated after a stalled period.
1
The SPI interface continues to transfer data until no valid data is available in the SPI2CTx SFR. SS
remains asserted until the SPI2CTx SFR and the transmit shift registers are empty.
SPI interface enable bit.
SPIEN
Result
0
The SPI interface is disabled.
1
The SPI interface is enabled.
SPI open-drain output configuration bit.
SPIODO
Result
0
Internal pull-up resistors are connected to the SPI outputs.
1
The SPI outputs are open drain and need external pull-up resistors. The pull-up voltage should
not exceed the specified operating voltage.
SPI master mode enable bit.
SPIMS_b Result
0
The SPI interface is defined as a slave.
1
The SPI interface is defined as a master.
SPI clock polarity configuration bit (see Figure 108).
SPICPOL Result
0
The default state of SCLK is low, and the first SCLK edge is rising. Depending on the SPICPHA bit,
the SPI data output changes state on the falling or rising edge of SCLK while the SPI data input is
sampled on the rising or falling edge of SCLK.
1
The default state of SCLK is high, and the first SCLK edge is falling. Depending on the SPICPHA
bit, the SPI data output changes state on the rising or falling edge of SCLK while the SPI data
input is sampled on the falling or rising edge of SCLK.
SPI clock phase configuration bit (see Figure 108).
SPICPHA Result
0
The SPI data output changes state when SS goes low at the second edge of SCLK and then every
two subsequent edges, whereas the SPI data input is sampled at the first SCLK edge and then
every two subsequent edges.
1
The SPI data output changes state at the first edge of SCLK and then every two subsequent
edges, whereas the SPI data input is sampled at the second SCLK edge and then every two
subsequent edges.
Master mode, LSB first configuration bit.
SPILSBF
Result
0
The MSB of the SPI outputs is transmitted first.
1
The LSB of the SPI outputs is transmitted first.
Transfer and interrupt mode of the SPI interface.
TIMODE Result
1
This bit must be set to 1 for proper operation.
Rev. 0 | Page 133 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 155. SPI Interrupt Status SFR (SPISTAT, Address 0xEA)
Bit
7
Mnemonic
BUSY
Default
0
6
MMERR
0
5
SPIRxOF
0
4
SPIRxIRQ
0
3
2
SPIRxBF
SPITxUF
0
0
1
SPITxIRQ
0
0
SPITxBF
0
Description
SPI peripheral busy flag.
BUSY
Result
0
The SPI peripheral is idle.
1
The SPI peripheral is busy transferring data in slave or master mode.
SPI multimaster error flag.
MMERR
Result
0
A multiple master error has not occurred.
1
If the SS_EN bit (SPIMOD1, Address 0xE8) is set, enabling the slave select input and
asserting the SS pin while the SPI peripheral is transferring data as a master, this flag is
raised to indicate the error. Write a 0 to this bit to clear it.
SPI receive overflow error flag. Reading the SPI2CRx SFR clears this bit.
SPIRxOF
TIMODE Result
0
X
The SPI2CRx SFR (Address 0x9B) contains valid data.
1
1
This bit is set if the SPI2CRx SFR is not read before the end of the next byte
transfer. If the RxOFW bit (SPIMOD1, Address 0xE8) is set and this condition
occurs, SPI2CRx is overwritten.
SPI receive mode interrupt flag. Reading the SPI2CRx SFR clears this bit.
SPIRxIRQ TIMODE Result
0
X
The SPI2CRx register does not contain new data.
1
0
This bit is set when the SPI2CRx register contains new data. If the SPI/I2C interrupt is
enabled, an interrupt is generated when this bit is set. If the SPI2CRx register is
not read before the end of the current byte transfer, the transfer stops and the
SS pin is deasserted.
1
1
The SPI2CRx register contains new data.
Status bit for SPI Rx buffer. When set, the Rx FIFO is full. A read of the SPI2CRx clears this flag.
Status bit for SPI Tx buffer. When set, the Tx FIFO is underflowing and data can be written into SPI2CTx
(Address 0x9A). Write a 0 to this bit to clear it.
SPI transmit mode interrupt flag. Writing new data to the SPI2CTx SFR clears this bit.
SPITxIRQ TIMODE Result
0
X
The SPI2CTx SFR is full.
1
0
The SPI2CTx SFR is empty.
1
1
This bit is set when the SPI2CTx SFR is empty. If the SPI/I2C interrupt is enabled,
an interrupt is generated when this bit is set. If new data is not written into the
SPI2CTx SFR before the end of the current byte transfer, the transfer stops, and
the SS pin is deasserted. Write a 0 to this bit to clear it.
Status bit for the SPI Tx buffer. When set, the SPI Tx buffer is full. Write a 0 to this bit to clear it.
SPI PINS
SCLK (Serial Clock I/O Pin)
MISO (Master In, Slave Out Data I/O Pin)
The master serial clock (SCLK) is used to synchronize the data
being transmitted and received through the MOSI and MISO
data lines. The SCLK (P0.6/SCLK/T0) pin is configured as an
output in master mode and as an input in slave mode.
The MISO (P0.5/MISO/ZX) pin is configured as an input line
in master mode and as an output line in slave mode. The MISO
line on the master (data in) should be connected to the MISO
line in the slave device (data out). The data is transferred as
byte-wide (8-bit) serial data, MSB first.
MOSI (Master Out, Slave In Pin)
The MOSI (P0.4/MOSI/SDATA) pin is configured as an output
line in master mode and as an input line in slave mode. The MOSI
line on the master (data out) should be connected to the MOSI
line in the slave device (data in). The data is transferred as bytewide (8-bit) serial data, MSB first.
In master mode, the bit rate, polarity, and phase of the clock are
controlled by SPI Configuration SFR 1 (SPIMOD1, Address 0xE8)
and SPI Configuration SFR 2 (SPIMOD2, Address 0xE9).
In slave mode, the SPI Configuration SFR 2 (SPIMOD2,
Address 0xE9) must be configured with the phase and polarity
of the expected input clock.
In both master and slave modes, the data is transmitted on one
edge of the SCLK signal and sampled on the other. It is important,
therefore, that the SPICPHA and SPICPOL bits be configured
the same for the master and slave devices.
Rev. 0 | Page 134 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
SS (Slave Select Pin)
Continuous Mode, SPICONT (SPIMOD2[7]) = 1
In SPI slave mode, a transfer is initiated by the assertion of SS
low. The SPI port then transmits and receives 8-bit data until
the data is concluded by the deassertion of SS according to the
SPICON bit setting. In slave mode, SS is always an input.
1.
2.
3.
4.
In SPI master mode, the SS (P0.7/SS/T1/RxD2) pin can be used
to control data transfer to a slave device. In the automatic slave
select control mode, the SS is asserted low to select the slave
device and then raised to deselect the slave device after the
transfer is complete. Automatic slave select control is enabled by
setting the AUTO_SS bit (Bit 4) in the SPI Configuration SFR 1
(SPIMOD1, Address 0xE8).
5.
Figure 106 shows the SPI output for certain automatic chip select
and continuous mode selections. Note that if the continuous mode
is not used, a short delay is inserted between transfers.
SS
SCLK
AUTO_SS = 1
SPICONT = 1
SPI MASTER OPERATING MODES
The double-buffered receive and transmit registers can be used to
maximize the throughput of the SPI peripheral by continuously
streaming out data in master mode. The continuous transmit mode
is designed to use the full capacity of the SPI. In this mode, the
master transmits and receives data until the SPI/I2C transmit
buffer SFR (SPI2CTx, Address 0x9A) is empty at the start of a byte
transfer. Continuous mode is enabled by setting the SPICONT bit
(Bit 7) in the SPI Configuration SFR 2 (SPIMOD2, Address 0xE9).
The SPI peripheral also offers a single byte read/write function.
DOUT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Write to the SPI2CTx SFR.
SS is asserted low, and a write routine is initiated.
The SPITxIRQ interrupt flag is set when the SPI2CTx
register is empty.
SS is deasserted high.
Write to SPI2CTx SFR to clear the SPITxIRQ interrupt flag.
DIN1
DIN2
DOUT1
DOUT2
SS
SCLK
AUTO_SS = 1
SPICONT = 0
In master mode, the type of transfer is handled automatically,
depending on the configuration of the SPICONT bit in the SPI
Configuration SFR 2 (SPIMOD2, Address 0xE9). The following
procedures show the sequence of events that should be performed
for each master operating mode. Based on the SS configuration,
some of these events take place automatically.
Procedures for Using SPI as a Master
Single Byte Write Mode, SPICONT (SPIMOD2[7]) = 0
DIN
DIN
DOUT
DIN1
DIN2
DOUT1
DOUT2
DIN1
DIN2
SS
SCLK
AUTO_SS = 0
SPICONT = 0
(MANUAL SS CONTROL)
DIN
DOUT
DOUT1
DOUT2
07411-084
In a multimaster system, the SS can be configured as an input so
that the SPI peripheral can operate as a slave in some situations
and as a master in others. In this case, the slave selects for the
slaves controlled by this SPI peripheral should be generated
with general I/O pins.
6.
7.
Write to the SPI2CTx SFR.
SS is asserted low, and a write routine is initiated.
Wait for the SPITxIRQ interrupt flag to write to SPI2CTx SFR.
Transfer continues until the SPI2CTx register and transmit
shift registers are empty.
The SPITxIRQ interrupt flag is set when the SPI2CTx
register is empty.
SS is deasserted high.
Write to SPI2CTx SFR to clear the SPITxIRQ interrupt flag.
Figure 106. Automatic Chip Select and Continuous Mode Output
Note that reading the content of the SPI/I2C receive buffer SFR
(SPI2CRx, Address 0x9B) should be done using a 2-cycle
instruction set, such as MOV A or SPI2CRX. Using a 3-cycle
instruction, such as MOV 0x3D or SPI2CRX, does not transfer
the right information into the target register.
Rev. 0 | Page 135 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
The SPI interface has several status flags that indicate the status
of the double-buffered receive and transmit registers. Figure 107
shows when the status and interrupt flags are raised. The transmit
interrupt occurs when the transmit shift register is loaded with the
data in the SPI/I2C transmit buffer SFR (SPI2CTx, Address 0x9A)
register. If the SPI master is in transmit operating mode, and the
SPI/I2C transmit buffer SFR (SPI2CTx, Address 0x9A) register
has not been written with new data by the beginning of the next
byte transfer, the transmit operation stops.
2
When a new byte of data is received in the SPI/I C receive buffer
SFR (SPI2CRx, Address 0x9B), the SPI receive interrupt flag is
raised. If the data in the SPI/I2C receive buffer SFR (SPI2CRx,
Address 0x9B) is not read before new data is ready to be loaded
into the SPI/I2C receive buffer SFR (SPI2CRx, Address0x9B),
an overflow condition has occurred. This overflow condition,
indicated by the SPIRxOF flag, forces the new data to be discarded
or overwritten if the RxOFW bit (SPIMOD1, Address 0xE8) is set.
SPITx
SPIRx
SPITxIRQ = 1
SPIRxIRQ = 1
TRANSMIT SHIFT REGISTER
RECEIVE SHIFT REGISTER
SPITx (EMPTY)
SPIRx (FULL)
STOPS TRANSFER IF TIMODE = 1
TRANSMIT SHIFT REGISTER
Figure 107. SPI Receive and Transmit Interrupt and Status Flags
SCLK
(SPICPOL = 1)
SCLK
(SPICPOL = 0)
SS
SPICPHA = 1
MISO
? MSB BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 LSB
MOSI
? MSB BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 LSB
SPIRx AND
SPITx FLAGS
WITH INTMOD = 1
SPIRx AND
SPITx FLAGS
WITH INTMOD = 0
MISO
MSB BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 LSB
?
MOSI
MSB BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 LSB
?
SPIRx AND
SPITx FLAGS
WITH INTMOD = 1
SPIRx AND
SPITx FLAGS
WITH INTMOD = 0
07411-086
SPICPHA = 0
Figure 108. SPI Timing Configurations
Rev. 0 | Page 136 of 148
SPIRxOF = 1
RECEIVE SHIFT REGISTER
07411-085
SPI INTERRUPT AND STATUS FLAGS
ADE5166/ADE5169
I2C-COMPATIBLE INTERFACE
The bit rate is defined in the I2CMOD SFR as follows:
The ADE5166/ADE5169 support a fully licensed I2C interface.
The I2C interface is implemented as a full hardware master.
f SCLK =
SDATA (P0.4/MOSI/SDATA) is the data I/O pin, and SCLK
(P0.6/SCLK/T0) is the serial clock. These two pins are shared with
the MOSI and SCLK pins of the on-chip SPI interface. Therefore,
the user can enable only one interface or the other on these pins at
any given time. The SCPS bit (Bit 5) in the configuration SFR
(CFG, Address 0xAF) selects which peripheral is active.
fCORE
16 × 2 I 2CR[1:0]
SLAVE ADDRESSES
The I2C slave address SFR (I2CADR, Address 0xE9) contains
the slave device ID. The LSB of this register contains a read/write
request. A write to this SFR starts the I2C communication.
I2C REGISTERS
The two pins used for data transfer, SDATA and SCLK, are
configured in a wire-AND format that allows arbitration in a
multimaster system.
The I2C peripheral interface consists of five SFRs.
•
•
•
•
•
2
The transfer sequence of an I C system consists of a master device
initiating a transfer by generating a start condition while the bus
is idle. The master transmits the address of the slave device and
the direction of the data transfer in the initial address transfer. If
the slave acknowledges, the data transfer is initiated. This continues
until the master issues a stop condition and the bus becomes idle.
I2CMOD
SPI2CSTAT
I2CADR
SPI2CTx
SPI2CRx
Because the SPI and I2C serial interfaces share the same pins,
they also share the same SFRs, such as the SPI2CTx and SPI2CRx
SFRs. In addition, the I2CMOD, I2CADR, and SPI2CSTAT SFRs
are shared with the SPIMOD1, SPIMOD2, and SPISTAT SFRs,
respectively.
SERIAL CLOCK GENERATION
The I2C master in the system generates the serial clock for a
transfer. The master channel can be configured to operate in
fast mode (256 kHz) or standard mode (32 kHz).
Table 156. I2C SFR List
SFR Address
0x9A
0x9B
0xE8
0xE9
0xEA
Mnemonic
SPI2CTx
SPI2CRx
I2CMOD
I2CADR
SPI2CSTAT
R/W
W
R
R/W
R/W
R/W
Length
8
8
8
8
8
Default
0
0
0
0
Description
SPI/I2C transmit buffer (see Table 151).
SPI/I2C receive buffer (see Table 152).
I2C mode (see Table 157).
I2C slave address (see Table 158).
I2C interrupt status register (see Table 159).
Table 157. I2C Mode SFR (I2CMOD, Address 0xE8)
Bit
7
Bit Address
0xEF
Mnemonic
I2CEN
Default
0
[6:5]
0xEE to 0xED
I2CR
0
[4:0]
0xEC to 0xE8
I2CRCT
0
Description
I2C enable bit. When this bit is set to Logic 1, the I2C interface is enabled. A write to the
I2CADR SFR (Address 0xE9) starts a communication.
I2C SCLK frequency.
I2CR
Result
00
fCORE/16 = 256 kHz if fCORE = 4.096 MHz
01
fCORE/32 = 128 kHz if fCORE = 4.096 MHz
10
fCORE/64 = 64 kHz if fCORE = 4.096 MHz
11
fCORE/128= 32 kHz if fCORE = 4.096 MHz
Configures the length of the I2C received FIFO buffer. The I2C peripheral stops when
I2CRCT[4:0] + 1 byte have been read, or if an error occurs.
Table 158. I2C Slave Address SFR (I2CADR, Address 0xE9)
Bit
[7:1]
0
Mnemonic
I2CSLVADR
I2CR_W
Default
0
0
Description
Address of the I2C slave being addressed. Writing to this register starts the I2C transmission (read or write).
Command bit for read or write. When this bit is set to Logic 1, a read command is transmitted on the
I2C bus. Data from the slave in the SPI2CRx SFR (Address 0x9B) is expected after a command byte.
When this bit is set to Logic 0, a write command is transmitted on the I2C bus. Data to slave is expected
in the SPI2CTx SFR.
Rev. 0 | Page 137 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 159. I2C Interrupt Status Register SFR (SPI2CSTAT, Address 0xEA)
Bit
7
6
Mnemonic
I2CBUSY
I2CNOACK
Default
0
0
5
I2CRxIRQ
0
4
I2CTxIRQ
0
[3:2]
I2CFIFOSTAT
0
1
0
I2CACC_ERR
I2CTxWR_ERR
0
0
Description
This bit is set to Logic 1 when the I2C interface is used. When set, the Tx FIFO is emptied.
I2C no acknowledgement transmit interrupt. This bit is set to Logic 1 when the slave device
does not send an acknowledgement. The I2C communication is stopped after this event.
Write a 0 to this bit to clear it.
I2C receive interrupt. This bit is set to Logic 1 when the receive FIFO is not empty.
Write a 0 to this bit to clear it.
I2C transmit interrupt. This bit is set to Logic 1 when the transmit FIFO is empty.
Write a 0 to this bit to clear it.
Status bits for 3- or 4-byte deep I2C FIFO. The FIFO monitored in these two bits is the one currently
used in I2C communication (receive or transmit) because only one FIFO is active at a time.
I2CFIFOSTAT
Result
00
FIFO empty
01
Reserved
10
FIFO half full
11
FIFO full
Set when trying to write and read at the same time. Write a 0 to this bit to clear it.
Set when a write was attempted when the I2C transmit FIFO was full. Write a 0 to this bit to clear it.
READ AND WRITE OPERATIONS
1
9
1
9
1
9
SCLK
START BY
MASTER
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
R/W
D7
D6
ACK BY
SLAVE
FRAME 1
SERIAL BUS ADDRESS BYTE
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
D7
D6
ACK BY
MASTER
FRAME 2
DATA BYTE 1 FROM MASTER
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
FRAME N + 1
DATA BYTE N FROM SLAVE
NACK BY STOP BY
MASTER MASTER
Figure 109. I2C Read Operation
1
9
1
9
SCLK
START BY
MASTER
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
FRAME 1
SERIAL BUS ADDRESS BYTE
R/W
ACK BY
SLAVE
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
FRAME 2
DATA BYTE 1 FROM MASTER
ACK BY
SLAVE
STOP BY
MASTER
07411-088
SDATA
Figure 110. I2C Write Operation
Figure 109 and Figure 110 depict I2C read and write operations,
respectively. Note that the LSB of the I2CADR SFR (Address 0xE9)
is used to select whether a read or write operation is performed
on the slave device. During the read operation, the master acknowledges are generated automatically by the I2C peripheral. The
master generated no acknowledge (NACK) before the end of a
read operation is also automatically generated after the I2CRCT
bits in the I2CMOD SFR (Address 0xE8[4:0]) have been read from
the slave. If the I2CADR register is updated during a
transmission, instead of generating a stop at the end of the read
or write operation, the master generates a start condition and
continues with the next communication.
Reading the SPI/I2C Receive Buffer SFR (SPI2CRx,
Address 0x9B)
Reading the SPI2CRx SFR should be done with a 2-cycle
instruction, such as
Mov a, spi2crx or Mov R0, spi2crx.
A 3-cycle instruction, such as
Mov 3dh, spi2crx
does not transfer the right data into RAM Address 0x3D.
Rev. 0 | Page 138 of 148
07411-087
SDATA
ADE5166/ADE5169
The I2C peripheral has a 4-byte receive FIFO and a 4-byte
transmit FIFO. The buffers reduce the overhead associated with
using the I2C peripheral. Figure 111 shows the operation of the
I2C receive and transmit FIFOs.
The Tx FIFO can be loaded with four bytes to be transmitted to
the slave at the beginning of a write operation. When the transmit
FIFO is empty, the I2C transmit interrupt flag is set, and the PC
vectors to the I2C interrupt vector if this interrupt is enabled. If
a new byte is not loaded into the Tx FIFO before it is needed in
the transmit shift register, the communication stops. An error,
such as not receiving an acknowledge, also causes the communication to terminate. In case of an error during a write operation,
the Tx FIFO is flushed.
be generated after each byte is received or when the Rx FIFO
is full. If the peripheral is reading from a slave address, the communication stops when the number of received bytes equals the
number set in I2CRCT in the I2CMOD SFR (Address 0xE8[4:0]).
An error, such as not receiving an acknowledge, also causes the
communication to terminate.
CODE TO READ Rx FIFO:
CODE TO FILL Tx FIFO:
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
I2CTx,
I2CTx,
I2CTx,
I2CTx,
TxDATA1
TxDATA2
TxDATA3
TxDATA4
MOV A,
MOV A,
MOV A,
MOV A,
I2CRx;
I2CRx;
I2CRx;
I2CRx;
I2CRx
I2CTx
TxDATA4
4-BYTE FIFO
The Rx FIFO allows four bytes to be read in from the slave
before the MCU has to read the data. A receive interrupt can
Rev. 0 | Page 139 of 148
TxDATA3
TxDATA2
RESULT: A = RxDATA1
RESULT: A = RxDATA2
RESULT: A = RxDATA3
RESULT: A = RxDATA4
RxDATA1
4-BYTE FIFO
RxDATA2
RxDATA3
TxDATA1
RxDATA4
TRANSMIT SHIFT REGISTER
RECEIVE SHIFT REGISTER
Figure 111. I2C FIFO Operation
07411-089
I2C RECEIVE AND TRANSMIT FIFOS
ADE5166/ADE5169
I/O PORTS
PARALLEL I/O
Weak Internal Pull-Ups Enabled
The ADE5166/ADE5169 use three input/output ports to
exchange data with external devices. In addition to performing
general-purpose I/O, some are capable of driving an LCD or
performing alternate functions for the peripherals available onchip. In general, when a peripheral is enabled, the pins associated
with it cannot be used as a general-purpose I/O. The I/O port
can be configured through the SFRs listed in Table 160.
A pin with weak internal pull-up enabled is used as an input by
writing a 1 to the pin. The pin is pulled high by the internal pullups, and the pin is read using the circuitry shown in Figure 112.
If the pin is driven low externally, it sources current because of
the internal pull-ups.
Table 160. I/O Port SFRs
Address
0x80
0x90
0xA0
0x9F
Bit Addressable
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
PINMAP0
0xB2
No
PINMAP1
0xB3
No
PINMAP2
0xB4
No
Description
Port 0 register
Port 1 register
Port 2 Register
Extended port
configuration
Port 0 weak
pull-up enable
Port 1 weak
pull-up enable
Port 2 weak
pull-up enable
Open Drain (Weak Internal Pull-Ups Disabled)
When the weak internal pull-up on a pin is disabled, the pin
becomes open drain. Use this open-drain pin as a high impedance
input by writing a 1 to the pin. The pin is read using the circuitry
shown in Figure 112. The open-drain option is preferable for
inputs because it draws less current than the internal pull-ups
that were enabled.
38 kHz Modulation
The three bidirectional I/O ports have internal pull-ups that can
be enabled or disabled individually for each pin. The internal
pull-ups are enabled by default. Disabling an internal pull-up
causes a pin to become open drain. Weak internal pull-ups are
configured through the PINMAPx SFRs.
Figure 112 shows a typical bit latch and I/O buffer for an I/O pin.
The bit latch (one bit in the SFR of each port) is represented as a
Type D flip-flop, which clocks in a value from the internal bus
in response to a write-to-latch signal from the CPU. The Q output of the flip-flop is placed on the internal bus in response to a
read latch signal from the CPU. The level of the port pin itself is
placed on the internal bus in response to a read pin signal from
the CPU. Some instructions that read a port activate the read
latch signal, and others activate the read pin signal. See the
Read-Modify-Write Instructions section for details.
Every ADE5166/ADE5169 provides a 38 kHz modulation signal.
The 38 kHz modulation is accomplished by internally XOR’ing
the level written to the I/O pin with a 38 kHz square wave. Then,
when a 0 is written to the I/O pin, it is modulated as shown in
Figure 113.
LEVEL WRITTEN
TO MOD38
38kHz MODULATION
SIGNAL
38kHz MODULATED
OUTPUT PIN
Figure 113. 38 kHz Modulation
Uses for this 38 kHz modulation include IR modulation of
a UART transmit signal or a low power signal to drive an LED.
The modulation can be enabled or disabled with the MOD38EN
bit (Bit 4) in the CFG SFR (Address 0xAF). The 38 kHz modulation is available on eight pins, selected by the MOD38[7:0] bits in
the extended port configuration SFR (EPCFG, Address 0x9F).
DVDD
ALTERNATE
OUTPUT
FUNCTION
READ
LATCH
WRITE
TO LATCH
READ
PIN
D
INTERNAL
PULL-UP
CLOSED: PINMAPx.x = 0
OPEN: PINMAPx.x = 1
Px.x
PIN
Q
CL Q
LATCH
ALTERNATE
INPUT
FUNCTION
07411-090
INTERNAL
BUS
07411-091
SFR
P0
P1
P2
EPCFG
A pin with internal pull-up enabled is used as an output by writing
a 1 or a 0 to the pin to control the level of the output. If a 0 is
written to the pin, it drives a logic low output voltage (VOL) and
is capable of sinking 1.6 mA.
Figure 112. Port 0 Bit Latch and I/O Buffer
Rev. 0 | Page 140 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
I/O REGISTERS
Table 161. Extended Port Configuration SFR (EPCFG, Address 0x9F)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Mnemonic
MOD38_FP21
MOD38_FP22
MOD38_FP23
MOD38_TxD
MOD38_CF1
MOD38_SSb
MOD38_MISO
MOD38_CF2
Default
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Description
This bit enables 38 kHz modulation on the P1.6/FP21 pin.
This bit enables 38 kHz modulation on the P1.5/FP22 pin.
This bit enables 38 kHz modulation on the P1.4/T2/FP23 pin.
This bit enables 38 kHz modulation on the P1.1/TxD pin.
This bit enables 38 kHz modulation on the P0.2/CF1/RTCCAL pin.
This bit enables 38 kHz modulation on the P0.7/SS/T1/RxD2 pin.
This bit enables 38 kHz modulation on the P0.5/MISO/ZX pin.
This bit enables 38 kHz modulation on the P0.3/CF2 pin.
Table 162. Port 0 Weak Pull-Up Enable SFR (PINMAP0, Address 0xB2)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Mnemonic
PINMAP0.7
PINMAP0.6
PINMAP0.5
PINMAP0.4
PINMAP0.3
PINMAP0.2
PINMAP0.1
PINMAP0.0
Default
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Description
The weak pull-up on P0.7 is disabled when this bit is set.
The weak pull-up on P0.6 is disabled when this bit is set.
The weak pull-up on P0.5 is disabled when this bit is set.
The weak pull-up on P0.4 is disabled when this bit is set.
The weak pull-up on P0.3 is disabled when this bit is set.
The weak pull-up on P0.2 is disabled when this bit is set.
The weak pull-up on P0.1 is disabled when this bit is set.
The weak pull-up on P0.0 is disabled when this bit is set.
Table 163. Port 1 Weak Pull-Up Enable SFR (PINMAP1, Address 0xB3)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Mnemonic
PINMAP1.7
PINMAP1.6
PINMAP1.5
PINMAP1.4
PINMAP1.3
PINMAP1.2
PINMAP1.1
PINMAP1.0
Default
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Description
The weak pull-up on P1.7 is disabled when this bit is set.
The weak pull-up on P1.6 is disabled when this bit is set.
The weak pull-up on P1.5 is disabled when this bit is set.
The weak pull-up on P1.4 is disabled when this bit is set.
The weak pull-up on P1.3 is disabled when this bit is set.
The weak pull-up on P1.2 is disabled when this bit is set.
The weak pull-up on P1.1 is disabled when this bit is set.
The weak pull-up on P1.0 is disabled when this bit is set.
Table 164. Port 2 Weak Pull-Up Enable SFR (PINMAP2, Address 0xB4)
Bit
[7:6]
5
4
3
2
1
0
Mnemonic
Reserved
PINMAP2.5
Reserved
PINMAP2.3
PINMAP2.2
PINMAP2.1
PINMAP2.0
Default
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Description
Reserved. Should be left cleared.
The weak pull-up on RESET is disabled when this bit is set.
Reserved. Should be left cleared.
Reserved. Should be left cleared.
The weak pull-up on P2.2 is disabled when this bit is set.
The weak pull-up on P2.1 is disabled when this bit is set.
The weak pull-up on P2.0 is disabled when this bit is set.
Rev. 0 | Page 141 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 165. Port 0 SFR (P0, Address 0x80)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
Bit Address
0x87
0x86
0x85
0x84
0x83
0x82
0x81
0x80
Mnemonic
T1
T0
ZX
CF2
CF1
INT1
Default
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Description 1
This bit reflects the state of the P0.7/SS/T1/RxD2 pin. It can be written to or read.
This bit reflects the state of the P0.6/SCLK/T0 pin. It can be written to or read.
This bit reflects the state of the P0.5/MISO/ZX pin. It can be written to or read.
This bit reflects the state of the P0.4/MOSI/SDATA pin. It can be written to or read.
This bit reflects the state of the P0.3/CF2 pin. It can be written to or read.
This bit reflects the state of the P0.2/CF1/RTCCAL pin. It can be written to or read.
This bit reflects the state of the P0.1/FP19/RTCCAL pin. It can be written to or read.
This bit reflects the state of the BCTRL/INT1/P0.0 pin. It can be written to or read.
When an alternate function is chosen for a pin of this port, the bit controlling this pin should always be set.
Table 166. Port 1 SFR (P1, Address 0x90)
Bit
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
Bit Address
0x97
0x96
0x95
0x94
0x93
0x92
0x91
0x90
Mnemonic
T2
T2EX
ZX1
TxD
RxD
Default
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Description 1
This bit reflects the state of the P1.7/FP20 pin. It can be written to or read.
This bit reflects the state of the P1.6/FP21 pin. It can be written to or read.
This bit reflects the state of the P1.5/FP22 pin. It can be written to or read.
This bit reflects the state of the P1.4/T2/FP23 pin. It can be written to or read.
This bit reflects the state of the P1.3/T2EX/FP24 pin. It can be written to or read.
This bit reflects the state of the P1.2/FP25/ZX pin. It can be written to or read.
This bit reflects the state of the P1.1/TxD pin. It can be written to or read.
This bit reflects the state of the P1.0/RxD pin. It can be written to or read.
When an alternate function is chosen for a pin of this port, the bit controlling this pin should always be set.
Table 167. Port 2 SFR (P2, Address 0xA0)
Bit
[7:4]
3
2
1
0
1
Bit Address
0x97 to 0x94
0x93
0x92
0x91
0x90
Mnemonic
P2.3
P2.2
P2.1
P2.0
Default
0x1F
1
1
1
1
Description 1
These bits are unused and should remain set.
This bit reflects the state of the SDEN/P2.3/TxD2 pin. It can be written only.
This bit reflects the state of the P2.2/FP16 pin. It can be written to or read.
This bit reflects the state of the P2.1/FP17 pin. It can be written to or read.
This bit reflects the state of the P2.0/FP18 pin. It can be written to or read.
When an alternate function is chosen for a pin of this port, the bit controlling this pin should always be set.
Rev. 0 | Page 142 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
Table 168. Port 0 Alternate Functions
Pin
No.
P0.0
Alternate Function
BCTRL external battery control input
INT1 external interrupt
Alternate Function Enable
Set INT1PRG = X01 in the interrupt pins configuration SFR (INTPR, Address 0xFF[3:1]).
Set EX1 in the interrupt enable SFR (IE, Address 0xA8).
INT1 wake-up from PSM2 operating mode
Set INT1PRG = 11x in the interrupt pins configuration SFR (INTPR, Address 0xFF[3:1]).
P0.1
P0.2
FP19 LCD segment pin
CF1 ADE calibration frequency output
P0.3
CF2 ADE calibration frequency output
P0.4
MOSI SPI data line
Set FP19EN in the LCD Segment Enable 2 SFR (LCDSEGE2, Address 0xED).
Clear the DISCF1 bit in the ADE energy measurement internal MODE1 register
(Address 0x0B).
Clear the DISCF2 bit in the ADE energy measurement internal MODE1 register
(Address 0x0B).
Set the SCPS bit in the configuration SFR (CFG, Address 0xAF), and set the SPIEN bit
in SPI Configuration SFR 2 (SPIMOD2, Address 0xE9).
Clear the SCPS bit in the configuration SFR (CFG, Address 0xAF), and set the I2CEN
bit in the I2C mode SFR (I2CMOD, Address 0xE8).
Set the SCPS bit in the configuration SFR (CFG, Address 0xAF), and set the SPIEN bit
in SPI Configuration SFR 2 (SPIMOD2, Address 0xE9).
Set the ZX2 bit in the MODE3 energy measurement SFR (MODE3, Address 0x2B)
Set the I2CEN bit in the I2C mode SFR (I2CMOD, Address 0xE8) or the SPIEN bit in SPI
Configuration SFR 2 (SPIMOD2, Address 0xE9) to enable the I2C or SPI interface.
Set the C/T0 bit in the Timer/Counter 0 and Timer/Counter 1 mode SFR (TMOD,
Address 0x89) to enable T0 as an external event counter.
Set the SS_EN bit in SPI Configuration SFR 1 (SPIMOD1, Address 0xE8).
Set the SPIMS_b bit in SPI Configuration SFR 2 (SPIMOD2, Address 0xE9).
Set the C/T1 bit in the Timer/Counter 0 and Timer/Counter 1 mode SFR (TMOD,
Address 0x89) to enable T1 as an external event counter.
Set the REN2 bit in the serial communications control SFR (SCON2, Address 0xE1).
Set RXPROG[1:0] = 11 in the peripheral configuration SFR (PERIPH, Address 0xF4).
SDATA I2C data line
P0.5
MISO SPI data line
P0.6
Zero Crossing Detection 2
SCLK serial clock for I2C or SPI
T0 Timer 0 input
P0.7
SS SPI slave select input for SPI in slave mode
SS SPI slave select output for SPI in master mode
T1 Timer 1 input
RxD2 receiver data input for UART2
RxD2 edge wake-up from PSM2 operating
mode
Table 169. Port 1 Alternate Functions
Pin
No.
P1.0
Alternate Function
Alternate Function Enable
RxD receiver data input for UART
P1.1
P1.2
TxD transmitter data output for UART
FP25 LCD segment pin
Zero-Crossing Detection 1
FP24 LCD segment pin
T2EX Timer 2 control input
FP23 LCD segment pin
T2 Timer 2 input
Set the REN bit in the serial communications control register SFR (SCON, Address
0x98).
This pin becomes TxD as soon as data is written into SBUF.
Set FP25EN in the LCD segment enable SFR (LCDSEGE, Address 0x97).
Set the ZX1 bit in the MODE3 energy measurement SFR (MODE3, Address 0x2B)
Set FP24EN in the LCD segment enable SFR (LCDSEGE, Address 0x97).
Set EXEN2 in the Timer/Counter 2 control SFR (T2CON, Address 0xC8).
Set FP23EN in the LCD segment enable SFR (LCDSEGE, Address 0x97).
Set the C/T2 bit in the Timer/Counter 2 control SFR (T2CON, Address 0xC8) to
enable T2 as an external event counter.
Set FP22EN in the LCD segment enable SFR (LCDSEGE, Address 0x97).
Set FP21EN in the LCD segment enable SFR (LCDSEGE, Address 0x97).
Set FP20EN in the LCD segment enable SFR (LCDSEGE, Address 0x97).
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
FP22 LCD segment pin
FP21 LCD segment pin
FP20 LCD segment pin
Table 170. Port 2 Alternate Functions
Pin
No.
P2.0
P2.1
P2.2
P2.3
Alternate Function
FP18 LCD segment pin
FP17 LCD segment pin
FP16 LCD segment pin
SDEN serial download pin sampled on reset;
P2.3 is an output only; TxD2 is the transmitter
data output for UART2
Alternate Function Enable
Set FP18EN in the LCD Segment Enable 2 SFR (LCDSEGE2, Address 0xED).
Set FP17EN in the LCD Segment Enable 2 SFR (LCDSEGE2, Address 0xED).
Set FP16EN in the LCD Segment Enable 2 SFR (LCDSEGE2, Address 0xED).
Enabled by default. This pin becomes TxD2 as soon as data is written into SBUF2.
Rev. 0 | Page 143 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
PORT 0
Port 0 is controlled directly through the bit-addressable Port 0
SFR (P0, Address 0x80). The weak internal pull-ups for Port 0
are configured through the Port 0 weak pull-up enable SFR
(PINMAP0, Address 0xB2); they are enabled by default. The
weak internal pull-up is disabled by writing a 1 to PINMAP0.x.
Port 0 pins also have various secondary functions, as described
in Table 168. The alternate functions of Port 0 pins can be activated
only if the corresponding bit latch in the Port 0 SFR contains a 1.
Otherwise, the port pin remains at 0.
PORT 1
Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional port controlled directly through
the bit-addressable Port 1 SFR (P1, Address 0x90). The weak
internal pull-ups for Port 1 are configured through the Port 1
weak pull-up enable SFR (PINMAP1, Address 0xB3); they are
enabled by default. The weak internal pull-up is disabled by
writing a 1 to PINMAP1.x.
Port 1 pins also have various secondary functions, as described
in Table 169. The alternate functions of Port 1 pins can be activated
only if the corresponding bit latch in the Port 1 SFR contains a 1.
Otherwise, the port pin remains at 0.
PORT 2
Port 2 is a 4-bit bidirectional port controlled directly through
the bit-addressable Port 2 SFR (P2, Address 0xA0). Note that
P2.3 can be used as an output only. Consequently, any read
operation, such as a CPL P2.3, cannot be executed on this I/O.
The weak internal pull-ups for Port 2 are configured through
the Port 2 weak pull-up enable SFR (PINMAP2, Address 0xB4);
they are enabled by default. The weak internal pull-up is
disabled by writing a 1 to PINMAP2.x.
Port 2 pins also have various secondary functions as described
in Table 170. The alternate functions of Port 2 pins can be
activated only if the corresponding bit latch in the Port 2 SFR
contains a 1. Otherwise, the port pin remains at 0.
Rev. 0 | Page 144 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
DETERMINING THE VERSION OF THE ADE5166/ADE5169
Each ADE5166/ADE5169 holds in its internal flash registers a
value that defines its version. This value helps to determine if users
have the latest version of the part.
This value can be accessed as follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Launch HyperTerminal with a 9600 baud rate.
Put the part in serial download mode by first holding
SDEN to logic low, then resetting the part.
Hold the SDEN pin.
Press and release the RESET pin.
A string should appear on the HyperTerminal containing the
part name and version number.
Rev. 0 | Page 145 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
0.75
0.60
0.45
12.20
12.00 SQ
11.80
1.60
MAX
64
49
1
48
PIN 1
10.20
10.00 SQ
9.80
TOP VIEW
(PINS DOWN)
0.15
0.05
SEATING
PLANE
0.20
0.09
7°
3.5°
0°
16
33
32
17
0.08
COPLANARITY
VIEW A
VIEW A
0.50
BSC
LEAD PITCH
ROTATED 90° CCW
0.27
0.22
0.17
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MS-026-BCD
051706-A
1.45
1.40
1.35
Figure 114. 64-Lead Low Profile Quad Flat Package [LQFP]
(ST-64-2)
Dimensions shown in millimeters
ORDERING GUIDE
Model 1
Antitamper
di/dt
Sensor
Interface
ADE5166ASTZF62 2
ADE5166ASTZF62-RL2
ADE5169ASTZF622
ADE5169ASTZF62-RL2
ADE8052Z-PRG1
ADE8052Z- DWDL1
ADE8052Z-EMUL1
EVAL- ADE5169F62EBZ2
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
1
2
VAR
Flash
(kB)
Temperature
Range
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
62
62
62
62
−40°C to +85°C
−40°C to +85°C
−40°C to +85°C
−40°C to +85°C
All models have W + VA + rms, 5 V LCD, and RTC.
Z = RoHS Compliant Part.
Rev. 0 | Page 146 of 148
Package Description
64-Lead LQFP
64-Lead LQFP, 13” Tape & Reel
64-Lead LQFP
64-Lead LQFP,13” Tape & Reel
ADE Programmer
ADE Downloader
ADE Emulator
Evaluation Board
Package
Option
ST-64-2
ST-64-2
ST-64-2
ST-64-2
ADE5166/ADE5169
NOTES
Rev. 0 | Page 147 of 148
ADE5166/ADE5169
NOTES
Purchase of licensed I2C components of Analog Devices or one of its sublicensed Associated Companies conveys a license for the purchaser under the Philips I2C Patent
Rights to use these components in an I2C system, provided that the system conforms to the I2C Standard Specification as defined by Philips.
©2008 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and
registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
D07411-0-10/08(0)
Rev. 0 | Page 148 of 148