AD ADMCF328BN 28-lead flash memory dsp motor controller with current sense Datasheet

a
28-Lead Flash Memory
DSP Motor Controller with Current Sense
ADMCF328
TARGET APPLICATIONS
Washing Machines, Refrigerator Compressors, Fans,
Pumps, Industrial Variable Speed Drives
3-Phase 16-Bit PWM Generator
16-Bit Center-Based PWM Generator
Programmable Dead Time and Narrow Pulse Deletion
Edge Resolution to 50 ns
150 Hz Minimum Switching Frequency
Double/Single Duty Cycle Update Mode Control
Programmable PWM Pulsewidth
Special Crossover Function for Brushless DC Motors
Individual Enable and Disable for Each PWM Output
High Frequency Chopping Mode for Transformer
Coupled Gate Drives
External PWMTRIP Pin
Integrated ADC Subsystem
Five Analog Inputs Plus One Dedicated ISENSE Input
Acquisition Synchronized to PWM Switching Frequency
Internal Voltage Reference
9-Pin Digital I/O Port
Bit Configurable as Input or Output
Change of State Interrupt Support
Two 8-Bit Auxiliary PWM Timers
Synthesized Analog Output
Programmable Frequency
0% to 100% Duty Cycle
Two Programmable Operational Modes
Independent Mode/Offset Mode
16-Bit Watchdog Timer
Programmable 16-Bit Internal Timer with Prescaler
Double Buffered Synchronous Serial Port
Hardware Support for UART Emulation
Integrated Power-On Reset Function Options
28-Lead SOIC and PDIP Packages Available
MOTOR TYPES
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM)
Brushless DC Motors (BDCM)
FEATURES
20 MIPS Fixed-Point DSP Core
Single Cycle Instruction Execution (50 ns)
ADSP-21xx Family Code Compatible
Independent Computational Units
ALU
Multiplier/Accumulator
Barrel Shifter
Multifunction Instructions
Single Cycle Context Switch
Powerful Program Sequencer
Zero Overhead Looping
Conditional Instruction Execution
Two Independent Data Address Generators
Memory Configuration
512 24-Bit Program Memory RAM
512 16-Bit Data Memory RAM
4K 24-Bit Program Memory ROM
4K 24-Bit Program Flash Memory
Three Independent Programmable Sectors
Security Lock Bit
10K Erase/Program Cycles
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
MEMORY BLOCK
ADSP-2100 BASE
ARCHITECTURE
DATA
ADDRESS
GENERATORS
DAG 1 DAG 2
PROGRAM
SEQUENCER
PROGRAM
ROM
4K 24
PROGRAM
FLASH
4K 24
PROGRAM
RAM
512 24
DATA
MEMORY
512 16
VREF
2.5V
5
ANALOG
INPUTS
ISENSE
AMP
& TRIP
16-BIT
THREEPHASE
PWM
PROGRAM MEMORY ADDRESS
DATA MEMORY ADDRESS
PROGRAM MEMORY DATA
DATA MEMORY DATA
ARITHMETIC UNITS
ALU
MAC
SHIFTER
SERIAL PORT
POR
TIMER
SPORT 1
9-BIT
PIO
2 8-BIT
AUX
PWM
WATCHDOG
TIMER
REV. A
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its
use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that
may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise
under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.
Tel: 781/329-4700
www.analog.com
Fax: 781/326-8703
© Analog Devices, Inc., 2002
ADMCF328–SPECIFICATIONS
(VDD = 5 V 5%, GND = 0 V, TA = –40C to +85C, CLKIN = 10 MHz,
unless otherwise noted)
ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER
Parameter
Min
Signal Input
0.3
–0.4
Resolution1
Linearity Error2
Zero Offset2
Channel-to-Channel Comparator Match2
Comparator Delay
ADC High Level Input Current2
ADC Low Level Input Current2
–20
Typ
2
0
Max
Unit
Conditions/Comments
3.5
0
12
4
+20
20
V
V
Bits
Bits
mV
mV
ns
µA
µA
V1, V2, VAUX0, VAUX1, VAUX2
ISENSE
600
10
–10
VIN = 3.5 V
VIN = 0.0 V
NOTES
1
Resolution varies with PWM switching frequency (double update mode) 78.1 kHz = 8 bits, 4.9 kHz = 12 bits.
2
2.44 kHz sample frequency, V1, V2, VAUX0, VAUX1, VAUX2.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Parameter
VIL
VIH
VOL
VOL
VOH
IIL
IIL
IIH
IIH
IOZH
IOZL
IIL
IDD
IDD
IDD
Low Level Input Voltage
High Level Input Voltage
Low Level Output Voltage1
Low Level Output Voltage 2
High Level Output Voltage
Low Level Input Current3
Low Level Input Current
High Level Input Current4
High Level Input Current
High Level Three-State Leakage Current5
Low Level Three-State Leakage Current5
Low Level PWMTRIP Current
Supply Current (Idle)6
Supply Current (Dynamic)6
Supply Current (Programming)6
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
0.8
41
108
123
V
V
V
V
V
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
mA
mA
mA
2
0.4
0.8
4
–120
–10
90
10
90
–10
–10
Conditions/Comments
IOL = 2 mA
IOL = 2 mA
IOH = –0.5 mA
VIN = 0 V
VIN = 0 V
VIN = VDD
VIN = VDD
VIN = VDD
VIN = 0
@ VDD = Max, VIN = 0 V
NOTES
1
Output Pins PIO0–PIO8, AH, AL, BH, BL, CH, CL.
2
XTAL Pin.
3
Internal Pull-Up, RESET.
4
Internal Pull-Down, PWMTRIP, PIO0–PIO8.
5
Three stateable pins DT1, RFS1, TFS1, SCLK1.
6
Outputs not Switching.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
CURRENT SOURCE1
Parameter
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Conditions/Comments
Programming Resolution
Default Current2
Tuned Current
65
95
83
100
3
95
105
Bits
µA
µA
ICONST_TRIM = 0x00
NOTES
1
For ADC Calibration.
2
0.3 V to 3.5 V ICONST Voltage.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
–2–
REV. A
ADMCF328
VOLTAGE REFERENCE
Parameter
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Conditions/Comments
Voltage Level (VREF)
2.40
2.45
2.50
2.50
35
2.60
2.55
V
V
ppm/°C
TA = 25°C to 85°C SOIC
Parameter
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Conditions/Comments
ISENSE Gain
ISENSE Current
ISENSE Input Offset Voltage
Trip Voltage (VTRIP)
–5.7
–320
80
–0.70
–5.1
160
–0.57
–4.7
+10
240
–0.45
µA
mV
V
Parameter
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Reset Threshold (VRST)
Hysteresis (VHYST)
Reset Active Timeout Period (tRST)
3.2
3.7
100
3.2*
4.2
V
mV
ms
Parameter
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Conditions/Comments
Endurance
Data Retention
Program and Erase Operating Temperature
Read Operating Temperature
10,000
15
0
–40
Cycle = Erase/Program/Verify
85
+85
Cycles
Years
C
C
Output Voltage Drift
Specifications subject to change without notice.
ISENSE Amplifier–TRIP
VIN = –0.4 V to 0.0 V
VIN = –0.4 V to VDD – 1.0 V
Specifications subject to change without notice.
POWER-ON RESET
Conditions/Comments
* 16
2 CLKOUT Cycles.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
FLASH MEMORY
Specifications subject to change without notice.
REV. A
–3–
ADMCF328
TIMING PARAMETERS
Parameter
Min
Max
Unit
Timing Requirements:
tCKIN
CLKIN Period
CLKIN Width Low
tCKIL
tCKIH
CLKIN Width High
100
20
20
150
ns
ns
ns
Switching Characteristics:
tCKL
CLKOUT Width Low
CLKOUT Width High
tCKH
tCKOH
CLKIN High to CLKOUT High
0.5 tCK – 10
0.5 tCK – 10
0
Clock Signals
Signal tCK is defined as 0.5 tCKIN. The ADMCF328 uses an input clock with a
frequency equal to half the instruction rate; a 10 MHz input clock (which is
equivalent to 100 ns) yields a 50 ns processor cycle (equivalent to 20 MHz). When
tCK values are within the range of 0.5 tCKIN period, they should be substituted for
all relevant timing parameters to obtain specification value.
Example: tCKH = 0.5 tCK – 10 ns = 0.5 (50 ns) – 10 ns = 15 ns.
20
ns
ns
ns
Control Signals
Timing Requirement:
tRSP
RESET Width Low
5 tCK*
ns
tCK
ns
PWM Shutdown Signals
Timing Requirement:
tPWMTPW
PWMTRIP Width Low
*
Applies after power-up sequence is complete.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
tCKIN
tCKIH
CLKIN
tCKIL
tCKOH
tCKH
CLKOUT
tCKL
Figure 1. Clock Signals
–4–
REV. A
ADMCF328
Parameter
Min
Max
Unit
Serial Ports
Timing Requirements:
SCLK Period
tSCK
tSCS
DR/TFS/RFS Setup before SCLK Low
DR/TFS/RFS Hold after SCLK Low
tSCH
SCLKIN Width
tSCP
100
15
20
40
Switching Characteristics:
tCC
CLKOUT High to SCLKOUT
tSCDE
SCLK High to DT Enable
SCLK High to DT Valid
tSCDV
TFS/RFSOUT Hold after SCLK High
tRH
tRD
TFS/RFSOUT Delay from SCLK High
DT Hold after SCLK High
tSCDH
SCLK High to DT Disable
tSCDD
tTDE
TFS (Alt) to DT Enable
TFS (Alt) to DT Valid
tTDV
tRDV
RFS (Multichannel, Frame Delay Zero) to DT Valid
0.25 tCK
0
ns
ns
ns
ns
0.25 tCK + 20
30
0
30
0
30
0
25
30
Specifications subject to change without notice.
CLKOUT
t CC
t CC
t SCK
SCLK
t SCS
t SCP
t SCH
t SCP
DR
RFSIN
TFSIN
t RD
t RH
RFSOUT
TFSOUT
t SCDD
t SCDV
t SCDH
t SCDE
DT
t TDE
t TDV
TFS
(ALTERNATE
FRAME MODE)
t RDV
RFS
(MULTICHANNEL MODE,
FRAME DELAY 0 [MFD = 0])
Figure 2. Serial Port Timing
REV. A
–5–
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ADMCF328
PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*
Supply Voltage (VDD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +7.0 V
Input Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V
Output Voltage Swing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V
Flash Memory Erase or/Program
Temperature Range (Ambient) . . . . . . . . . . . . 0°C to 85°C
Operating Temperature Range (Ambient) . . . –40°C to +85°C
Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (5 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280°C
Storage Temperature Range for SOIC Package . . –65°C to +150°C
Storage Temperature Range for PDIP Package . . –40°C to +125°C
*Stresses greater than those listed may cause permanent damage to the device.
These are stress ratings only; functional operation of the device at these or any
other conditions greater than those indicated in the operational sections of this
specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for
extended periods may affect device reliability.
PIN CONFIGURATION
PIO6/CLKOUT 1
28
PIO7/AUX1
PIO5/RFS1 2
27
PIO8/AUX0
PIO4/DR1A 3
26
AL
PIO3/SCLK1 4
25
AH
PIO2/DR1B 5
24
BL
23
BH
PIO1/DT1 6
PIO0/TFS1 7
ADMCF328
TOP VIEW 22 CL
CLKIN 8 (Not to Scale) 21 CH
XTAL 9
20
RESET
VDD 10
19
GND
PWMTRIP 11
18
ICONST
ISENSE 12
17
VAUX2
V2 13
16
VAUX1
V1 14
15
VAUX0
Pin
No.
Pin
Name
Pin
Type
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
PIO6/CLKOUT
PIO5/RFS1
PIO4/DR1A
PIO3/SCLK1
PIO2/DR1B
PIO1/DT1
PIO0/TFS1
CLKIN
XTAL
VDD
PWMTRIP
ISENSE
V2
V1
VAUX0
VAUX1
VAUX2
ICONST
GND
RESET
CH
CL
BH
BL
AH
AL
PIO8/AUX0
PIO7/AUX1
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
I
O
SUP
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
O
GND
I
O
O
O
O
O
O
I/O
I/O
ORDERING GUIDE
Model
ADMCF328BR
ADMCF328BN
ADMCF328-EVALKIT
Temperature
Range
Instruction
Rate
Package
Description
Package
Option
–40°C to +85°C
–40°C to +85°C
20 MHz
20 MHz
28-Lead Wide Body (SOIC)
28-Lead PDIP
Development Tool Kit
SO-28
N-28
CAUTION
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily
accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although
the ADMCF328 features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on
devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are
recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.
–6–
WARNING!
ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE
REV. A
ADMCF328
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The ADMCF328 is a low cost, single-chip DSP-based controller, suitable for permanent magnet synchronous motors, and
brushless dc motors. The ADMCF328 integrates a 20 MIPS,
fixed-point DSP core with a complete set of motor control and
system peripherals that permits fast, efficient development of
motor controllers.
The DSP core of the ADMCF328 is the ADSP-2171, which is
completely code-compatible with the ADSP-21xx DSP family
and combines three computational units, data address generators
and a program sequencer. The computational units comprise
an ALU, a multiplier/accumulator (MAC) and a barrel shifter.
The ADSP-2171 adds new instructions for bit manipulation,
multiplication (× squared), biased rounding and global interrupt masking.
The system peripherals are the power-on reset circuit (POR),
the watchdog timer and a synchronous serial port. The serial
port is configurable, and double buffered, with hardware support for UART and SCI port emulation.
The ADMCF328 provides 512 × 24-bit program memory RAM,
4K × 24-bit program memory ROM, 4K × 24-bit program
FLASH memory, and 512 × 16-bit data memory RAM. The
user code will be stored and executed from the flash memory.
The program and data memory RAM can be used for dynamic
data storage or can be loaded through the serial port from an
external device as in other ADMCxxx family parts. The program memory ROM contains a monitor function as well as
useful routines for erasing, programming, and verifying the
flash memory.
The motor control peripherals of the ADMCF328 provide a 12-bit
analog data acquisition system with five analog input channels,
one dedicated ISENSE function (combining internal amplification,
sampling and overcurrent PWM shutdown features), and an
internal voltage reference. In addition, a three-phase, 16-bit,
center-based PWM generation unit can be used to produce high
accuracy PWM signals with minimal processor overhead. The
ADMCF328 also contains two auxiliary PWM outputs and
nine lines of digital I/O.
Because the ADMCF328 has a limited number of pins, functions
such as the auxiliary PWM and the serial communication port
are multiplexed with the nine programmable input/output (PIO)
pins. The pin functions can be independently selected to allow
maximum flexibility for different applications.
INSTRUCTION
REGISTER
DATA
ADDRESS
GENERATOR
#1
FLASH
PROGRAM
MEMORY
4K 24
PM ROM
4K 24
DATA
ADDRESS
GENERATOR
#2
PROGRAM
SEQUENCER
DM RAM
512 16
PM RAM
512 24
14
PMA BUS
14
DMA BUS
24
PMD BUS
BUS
EXCHANGE
DMD BUS
16
INPUT REGS
INPUT REGS
INPUT REGS
ALU
MAC
SHIFTER
OUTPUT REGS
OUTPUT REGS
OUTPUT REGS
CONTROL
LOGIC
TIMER
COMPANDING
CIRCUITRY
RECEIVE REG
SERIAL
PORT
16
R BUS
6
Figure 3. DSP Core Block Diagram
REV. A
TRANSMIT REG
–7–
ADMCF328
from on-chip memory. DAG1 generates only data memory
addresses and provides an optional bit-reversal capability. DAG2
may generate either program or data memory addresses but has
no bit-reversal capability.
DSP CORE ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW
Figure 3 is an overall block diagram of the DSP core of the
ADMCF328, which is based on the fixed-point ADSP-2171.
The flexible architecture and comprehensive instruction set of
the ADSP-2171 allow the processor to perform multiple operations
in parallel. In one processor cycle (50 ns with a 10 MHz CLKIN)
the DSP core can:
•
•
•
•
•
Efficient data transfer is achieved with the use of five internal
buses:
•
•
•
•
•
Generate the next program address.
Fetch the next instruction.
Perform one or two data moves.
Update one or two data address pointers.
Perform a computational operation.
Program Memory on the ADMCF328 can either be internal
(on-chip RAM) or external (Flash). Internal program memory
can store both instructions and data, permitting the ADMCF328
to fetch two operands in a single instruction cycle—one from
program memory and one from data memory. Operation from
external program memory is described in detail in the ADSP2100 Family User’s Manual, Third Edition.
This all takes place while the processor continues to:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Program memory address (PMA) bus.
Program memory data (PMD) bus.
Data memory address (DMA) bus.
Data memory data (DMD) bus.
Result (R) bus.
Receive and transmit through the serial port.
Decrement the interval timer.
Generate three-phase PWM waveforms for a power inverter.
Generate two signals using the 8-bit auxiliary PWM timers.
Acquire four analog signals.
Decrement the watchdog timer.
The ADMCF328 writes data from its 16-bit registers to the
24-bit program memory using the PX register to provide the
lower eight bits. When it reads data (not instructions) from
24-bit program memory to a 16-bit data register, the lower
eight bits are placed in the PX register.
The processor contains three independent computational units:
the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), the multiplier/accumulator
(MAC) and the shifter. The computational units process 16-bit
data directly and have provisions to support multiprecision computations. The ALU performs a standard set of arithmetic and
logic operations as well as provides support for division primitives.
The MAC performs single-cycle multiply, multiply/add, and
multiply/subtract operations with 40 bits of accumulation. The
shifter performs logical and arithmetic shifts, normalization,
denormalization and derive-exponent operations. The shifter can
be used to efficiently implement numeric format control, including
floating-point representations.
The ADMCF328 can respond to a number of distinct DSP core
and peripheral interrupts. The DSP interrupts comprise a serial
port receive interrupt, a serial port transmit interrupt, a timer
interrupt, and two software interrupts. Additionally, the motor
control peripherals include two PWM interrupts and a PIO
interrupt.
The internal result (R) bus directly connects the computational
units so that the output of any unit may be the input of any unit
on the next cycle.
The serial port (SPORT1) provides a complete synchronous
serial interface with optional companding in hardware and a
wide variety of framed and unframed data transmit and receive
modes of operation. SPORT1 can generate an internal programmable serial clock or accept an external serial clock.
A powerful program sequencer and two dedicated data address
generators ensure efficient delivery of operands to these computational units. The sequencer supports conditional jumps and
subroutine calls and returns in a single cycle. With internal loop
counters and loop stacks, the ADMCF328 executes looped code
with zero overhead; no explicit jump instructions are required to
maintain the loop.
A programmable interval counter is also included in the DSP
core and can be used to generate periodic interrupts. A 16-bit
count register (TCOUNT) is decremented every n processor
cycles, where n–1 is a scaling value stored in the 8-bit TSCALE
register. When the value of the counter reaches zero, an interrupt
is generated, and the count register is reloaded from a 16-bit
period register (TPERIOD).
Two data address generators (DAGs) provide addresses for
simultaneous dual operand fetches from data memory and program memory. Each DAG maintains and updates four address
pointers (I registers). Whenever the pointer is used to access data
(indirect addressing), it is post-modified by the value in one of
four modify (M registers). A length value may be associated with
each pointer (L registers) to implement automatic modulo
addressing for circular buffers. The circular buffering feature is
also used by the serial ports for automatic data transfers to and
The ADMCF328 instruction set provides flexible data moves
and multifunction instructions (one or two data moves within a
computation) that will execute from internal program memory
RAM. The ADMCF328 assembly language uses an algebraic
syntax for ease of coding and readability. A comprehensive set of
development tools supports program development. For further
information on the DSP core, refer to the ADSP-2100 Family
User’s Manual, Third Edition, with particular reference to the
ADSP-2171.
–8–
REV. A
ADMCF328
Serial Port
INTERRUPT OVERVIEW
The ADMCF328 incorporates a complete synchronous serial port
(SPORT1) for serial communication and multiprocessor communication. The following is a brief list of capabilities of the
ADMCF328 SPORT1. Refer to the ADSP-2100 Family User’s
Manual, Third Edition, for further details.
The ADMCF328 can respond to 16 different interrupt sources
with minimal overhead, five of which are internal DSP core
interrupts and 11 from the motor control peripherals. The five
DSP core interrupts are SPORT1 receive (or IRQ0) and transmit
(or IRQ1), the internal timer, and two software interrupts. The
motor control peripheral interrupts are the nine programmable I/Os
and two from the PWM (PWMSYNC pulse and PWMTRIP). All
motor control interrupts are multiplexed into the DSP core through
the peripheral IRQ2 interrupt. The interrupts are internally prioritized and individually maskable. A detailed description of the entire
interrupt system of the ADMCF328 is presented later, following
a more detailed description of each peripheral block.
• SPORT1 is bidirectional and has a separate, double-buffered
transmit and receive section.
• SPORT1 can use an external serial clock or generate its own
serial clock internally.
• SPORT1 has independent framing for the receive and transmit sections. Sections run in a frameless mode or with frame
synchronization signals internally or externally generated.
Frame synchronization signals are active high or inverted,
with either of two pulsewidths and timings.
• SPORT1 supports serial data word lengths from 3 bits to 16 bits
and provides optional A-law and µ-law companding according to ITU (formerly CCITT) recommendation G.711.
• SPORT1 receive and transmit sections can generate unique
interrupts on completing a data word transfer.
• SPORT1 can receive and transmit an entire circular buffer of
data with only one overhead cycle per data word. An interrupt is
generated after a data buffer transfer.
• SPORT1 can be configured to have two external interrupts
(IRQ0 and IRQ1), and the Flag In and Flag Out signals.
The internally generated serial clock may still be used in
this configuration.
• SPORT1 has two data receive pins (DR1A and DR1B), which
are internally multiplexed onto the one DR1 port of the
SPORT1. The particular data receive pin selected is determined by a bit in the MODECTRL register.
PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
The ADMCF328 is available in both 28-lead SOIC and
PDIP packages. Table I describes the pins.
Table I. Pin List
Pin Group
Name
No.
of Input/
Pins Output Function
RESET
SPORT1*
1
6
I
I/O
CLKOUT*
CLKIN, XTAL
1
2
O
I, O
PIO0–PIO8*
AUX0–AUX1*
AH–CL
PWMTRIP
V1–V2
VAUX0–VAUX2
ISENSE
ICONST
VDD
GND
9
2
6
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
I/O
O
O
I
I
I
I
O
Processor Reset Input
Serial Port 1 Pins (TFS1, RFS1,
DT1, DR1A, DR1B, SCLK1)
Processor Clock Output
External Clock or Quartz
Crystal Connection Point
Digital I/O Port Pins
Auxiliary PWM Outputs
PWM Outputs
PWM Trip Signal
Analog Inputs
Auxiliary Analog Input
Current Sense Amplifier Input
ADC Constant Current Source
Power Supply
Ground
MEMORY MAP
The ADMCF328 has two distinct memory types: program memory
and data memory. In general, program memory contains user
code and coefficients, while the data memory is used to store
variables and data during program execution. Three kinds of
program memory are provided on the ADMCF328: RAM, ROM,
and flash memory. The motor control peripherals are memory
mapped into a region of the data memory space starting at 0x2000.
The complete program and data memory maps are given in
Tables II and III, respectively.
Table II. Program Memory Map
0x0000–0x002F
0x0030–0x01FF
0x0200–0x07FF
0x0800–0x17FF
0x1800–0x1FFF
0x2000–0x20FF
RAM
RAM
0x2100–0x21FF
FLASH
0x2200–0x2FFF
FLASH
ROM
FLASH
0x3000–0x3FFF
Function
Internal Vector Table
User Program Memory
Reserved
Reserved Program Memory
Reserved
User Program Memory
Sector 0
User Program Memory
Sector 1
User Program Memory
Sector 2
Reserved
Table III. Data Memory Map
Address Range
0x0000–0x1FFF
0x2000–0x20FF
0x2100–0x37FF
0x3800–0x39FF
0x3A00–0x3BFF
0x3C00–0x3FFF
*Multiplexed pins, individually selectable through PIOSELECT and PIODATA1 registers.
REV. A
Memory
Type
Address Range
–9–
Memory
Type
RAM
RAM
Function
Reserved
Memory Mapped Registers
Reserved
User Data Memory
Reserved
Memory Mapped Registers
ADMCF328
monitor program that is located there checks the Boot-fromFlash code. If that code is set, the processor jumps to location
0x2200 in external flash program memory, where it expects to
find the user’s application program.
FLASH MEMORY SUBSYSTEM
The ADMCF328 has 4K × 24-bit of user-programmable, nonvolatile flash memory. A flash programming utility is provided
with the development tools, which performs the basic device
programming operations: erase, program, and verify.
If the Boot-from-flash code is not set, the monitor attempts
to boot from an external device as described in the ADMCF32x
DSP Motor Controller Developers Reference Manual
The flash memory array is partitioned into three asymmetrically
sized sectors of 256 words, 256 words, and 3584 words, labeled
Sector 0, Sector 1, and Sector 2, respectively. These sectors are
mapped into external program memory address space.
SYSTEM INTERFACE
Four flash memory interface registers are connected to the DSP.
These 16-bit registers are mapped into the register area of data
memory space. They are named Flash Memory Control Register
(FMCR), Flash Memory Address Register (FMAR), Flash
Memory Data Register Low (FMDRL) and Flash Memory Data
Register High (FMDRH). These registers are diagrammed later in
this data sheet. They are used by the flash memory programming
utility. The user program may read these registers, but should not
modify them directly. The flash programming utility provides
a complete interface to the flash memory.
Figure 4 shows a basic system configuration for the ADMCF328
with an external crystal.
22pF
CLKOUT
10MHz
CLKIN
22pF
ADMCF328
RESET
Special Flash Registers
The flash module has four nonvolatile 8-bit registers called Special
Flash Registers (SFRs) which are accessible independently of the
main flash array, via the flash programming utility. These registers are for general purpose, nonvolatile storage. When erased,
the Special Flash Registers contain all 0s. To read Special Flash
Registers from the user program, call the read_reg routine contained in ROM. Refer to the ADMCF32x DSP Motor Controller
Developers Reference Manual for an example.
Boot-from-Flash Code
A security feature is available in the form of a code that, when set,
causes the processor to execute the program in flash memory upon
power-up or reset. In this mode, the flash programming utility
and debugger are unable to communicate with the ADMCF328.
Consequently, the contents of the flash memory can neither
be programmed nor read.
The boot-from-flash code may be set via the flash programming
utility, when the user’s program is thoroughly tested and loaded
into flash program memory at address 0x2200. The user’s program
must contain a mechanism for clearing the boot-from-flash code
if reprogramming the flash memory is desired. The only way
to clear boot-from-flash is from within the user program, by calling
the flash_init or auto_erase_reg routines that are included in
the ROM. The user program must be signaled in some way to call
the necessary routine to clear the boot-from-flash code. An example
would be to detect a high level on a PIO pin during start-up initialization and then call the flash_init or auto_erase_routine. The
flash_init routine will erase the entire user program in flash
memory before clearing the boot-from-flash code, thus ensuring
the security of the user program. If security is not a concern, the
auto_erase_reg routine can be used to clear the boot-from-flash
code while leaving the user program intact.
Refer to the ADMCF32x DSP Motor Controller Developer’s Reference
Manual for further instructions and an example of using the
boot-from-flash code.
FLASH PROGRAM BOOT SEQUENCE
On power-up or reset, the processor begins instruction execution at address 0x0800 of internal program ROM. The ROM
XTAL
Figure 4. Basic System Configuration
Clock Signals
The ADMCF328 can be clocked either by a crystal or a TTLcompatible clock signal. For normal operation, the CLKIN
input cannot be halted, changed during operation, or operated
below the specified minimum frequency. If an external clock is
used, it should be a TTL-compatible signal running at half
the instruction rate. The signal is connected to the CLKIN pin
of the ADMCF328. In this mode, with an external clock signal,
the XTAL pin must be left unconnected. The ADMCF328 uses
an input clock with a frequency equal to half the instruction
rate; a 10 MHz input clock yields a 50 ns processor cycle (which
is equivalent to 20 MHz). Normally, instructions are executed
in a single processor cycle. All device timing is relative to the
internal instruction rate, which is indicated by the CLKOUT
signal when enabled.
Because the ADMCF328 includes an on-chip oscillator feedback
circuit, an external crystal may be used instead of a clock source, as
shown in Figure 4. The crystal should be connected across the
CLKIN and XTAL pins, with two capacitors as shown in Figure 4.
A parallel-resonant, fundamental frequency, microprocessor-grade
crystal should be used. A clock output signal (CLKOUT) is
generated by the processor at the processor’s cycle rate of twice
the input frequency.
Reset
The ADMCF328 DSP core and peripherals must be correctly
reset when the device is powered up to assure proper initialization.
The ADMCF328 contains an integrated power-on reset (POR)
circuit that provides a complete system reset on power-up and
power-down. The POR circuit monitors the voltage on the
ADMCF328 VDD pin and holds the DSP core and peripherals
in reset while VDD is less than the threshold voltage level, VRST.
When this voltage is exceeded, the ADMCF328 is held in reset
for an additional 216 DSP clock cycles (tRST in Figure 5). On
power-down, when the voltage on the VDD pin falls below
VRST–VHYST, the ADMCF328 will be reset. Also, if the external
RESET pin is actively pulled low at any time after power-up, a
complete hardware reset of the ADMCF328 is initiated.
–10–
REV. A
ADMCF328
ECM or BDCM. In crossover mode, the PWM signal destined
for the high side switch is diverted to the complementary low
side output, and the signal destined for the low side switch is
diverted to the corresponding high side output signal.
VRST
VRST – VHYST
VDD
In many applications, there is a need to provide an isolation barrier
in the gate-drive circuits that turn on the power devices of the
inverter. In general, there are two common isolation techniques:
optical isolation using optocouplers, and transformer isolation
using pulse transformers. The PWM controller of the ADMCF328
permits mixing of the output PWM signals with a high frequency
chopping signal to permit an easy interface to such pulse transformers. The features of this gate-drive chopping mode can be
controlled by the PWMGATE register. There is an 8-bit value
within the PWMGATE register that directly controls the chopping
frequency. In addition, high frequency chopping can be independently enabled for the high side and the low side outputs using
separate control bits in the PWMGATE register.
tRST
RESET
Figure 5. Power-On Reset Operation
The ADMCF328 reset sets all internal stack pointers to the
empty stack condition, masks all interrupts, clears the MSTAT
register and performs a full reset of all of the motor control peripherals. Following a power-up, it is possible to initiate a DSP
core and motor control peripheral reset by pulling the RESET
pin low. The RESET signal must meet the minimum pulsewidth specification, tRSP. Following the reset sequence, the
DSP core starts executing code from the internal PM ROM
located at 0x0800.
DSP Control Registers
The DSP core has a system control register, SYSCNTL, memory
mapped at DM (0x3FFF). SPORT1 is configured as a serial
port when Bit 10 is set, or as flags and interrupt lines when this
bit is cleared. For proper operation of the ADMCF328, all other
bits in this register must be cleared.
The DSP core has a wait state control register, MEMWAIT,
memory mapped at DM (0x3FFE). The default value of this
resister is 0xFFFF. For proper operation of the ADMCF328,
this register must always contain the value 0x8000.
The configuration of both the SYSCNTL and MEMWAIT registers of the ADMCF328 are shown at the end of the data sheet.
THREE-PHASE PWM CONTROLLER
Overview
The PWM generator block of the ADMCF328 is a flexible,
programmable, three-phase PWM waveform generator that can
be programmed to generate the required switching patterns to
drive a three-phase voltage source inverter for ac induction
motors (ACIM) or permanent magnet synchronous motors
(PMSM). In addition, the PWM block contains special functions
that considerably simplify the generation of the required PWM
switching patterns for control of electronically commutated motors
(ECM) or brushless dc motors (BDCM).
The PWM generator produces three pairs of active high PWM
signals on the six PWM output pins (AH, AL, BH, BL, CH, and
CL). The six PWM output signals consist of three high side
drive signals (AH, BH, and CH) and three low side drive signals
(AL, BL, and CL). The switching frequency, dead time, and
minimum pulsewidths of the generated PWM patterns are
programmable using, respectively, the PWMTM, PWMDT, and
PWMPD registers. In addition, three registers (PWMCHA,
PWMCHB, and PWMCHC) control the duty cycles of the three
pairs of PWM signals.
Each of the six PWM output signals can be enabled or disabled
by separate output enable bits of the PWMSEG register. In
addition, three control bits of the PWMSEG register permit
crossover of the two signals of a PWM pair for easy control of
REV. A
The PWM generator is capable of operating in two distinct modes:
single update mode or double update mode. In single update
mode, the duty cycle values are programmable only once per
PWM period, so that the resultant PWM patterns are symmetrical about the midpoint of the PWM period. In the double update
mode, a second updating of the PWM duty cycle values is implemented at the midpoint of the PWM period. In this mode, it is
possible to produce asymmetrical PWM patterns that produce
lower harmonic distortion in three-phase PWM inverters. This
technique also permits the closed-loop controller to change the
average voltage applied to the machine winding at a faster rate,
allowing wider closed-loop bandwidths to be achieved. The operating mode of the PWM block (single or double update mode) is
selected by a control bit in MODECTRL register.
The PWM generator of the ADMCF328 also provides an internal
signal that synchronizes the PWM switching frequency to the
A/D operation. In single update mode, a PWMSYNC pulse is
produced at the start of each PWM period. In double update
mode, an additional PWMSYNC pulse is produced at the midpoint of each PWM period. The width of the PWMSYNC pulse
is programmable through the PWMSYNCWT register.
The PWM signals produced by the ADMCF328 can be shut
off in a number of different ways. First, there is a dedicated
asynchronous PWM shutdown pin, PWMTRIP, which, when
brought LO, instantaneously places all six PWM outputs in the
OFF state. In addition, PWM shutdown is initiated when the
voltage on the analog input pin (ISENSE) is pulled below the
trip voltage level, corresponding to an over-current fault. Because
these two hardware shutdown mechanisms are asynchronous,
and the associated PWM disable circuitry does not use clocked
logic, the PWM will shut down even if the DSP clock is not running. The PWM system may also be shut down from software
by writing to the PWMSWT register.
Status information about the PWM system of the ADMCF328
is available to the user in the SYSSTAT register. In particular,
the state of PWMTRIP is available, as well as a status bit that
indicates whether operation is in the first half or the second half
of the PWM period.
–11–
ADMCF328
A functional block diagram of the PWM controller is shown in
Figure 6. The generation of the six output PWM signals on pins
AH to CL is controlled by four important blocks:
of the MODECTRL register. These registers, in conjunction with
the three 16-bit duty cycle registers (PWMCHA, PWMCHB and
PWMCHC), control the output of the three-phase timing unit.
• The three-phase PWM timing unit, which is the core of the
PWM controller, generates three pairs of complemented and
dead-time-adjusted center-based PWM signals.
PWM Switching Frequency: PWMTM Register
• The output control unit allows the redirection of the outputs
of the three-phase timing unit for each channel to either the
high side or the low side output. In addition, the output control unit allows individual enabling/disabling of each of the six
PWM output signals.
• The GATE drive unit provides the high chopping frequency
and its subsequent mixing with the PWM signals.
Therefore, the PWM switching period, TS, can be written as:
• The PWM controller is driven by a clock at the same frequency
as the DSP instruction rate, CLKOUT, and is capable of
generating two interrupts to the DSP core. One interrupt is
generated on the occurrence of a PWMSYNC pulse, and
the other is generated on the occurrence of any PWM shutdown action.
Three-Phase Timing Unit
The 16-bit three-phase timing unit is the core of the PWM controller and produces three pairs of pulsewidth modulated signals
with high resolution and minimal processor overhead. There are
four main configuration registers (PWMTM, PWMDT, PWMPD
and PWMSYNCWT) that determine the fundamental characteristics of the PWM outputs. In addition, the operating mode
of the PWM (single or double update mode) is selected by Bit 6
PWM DUTY CYCLE
REGISTERS
PWMTM (15...0)
PWMDT (9...0)
PWMPD (15...0)
PWMSYNCWT (7...0)
MODECTRL (6)
PWMCHA (15...0)
PWMCHB (15...0)
PWMCHC (15...0)
TS = 2 × PWMTM × tCK
For example, for a 20 MHz CLKOUT and a desired PWM
switching frequency of 10 kHz (TS = 100 µs), the correct value
to load into the PWMTM register is:
PWMTM =
f PWM,min =
20 × 106
2 × 65, 535
= 153 Hz
for a CLKOUT frequency of 20 MHz.
THREE-PHASE
PWM TIMING
UNIT
SYNC
20 × 106
1000 = 0x3E 8
2 × 10 × 103
The largest value that can be written to the 16-bit PWMTM
register is 0xFFFF = 65,535, which corresponds to a minimum
PWM switching frequency of:
PWMSEG (8...0)
CLK
fCLKOUT
f
= CLKIN
2 × f PWM
f PWM
PWMTM =
• The PWM shutdown controller manages the three PWM
Shutdown Modes (via the PWMTRIP pin, the analog block
or the PWMSWT register) and generates the correct RESET signal for the Timing Unit.
PWM CONFIGURATION
REGISTERS
The PWM switching frequency is controlled by the PWM
period register, PWMTM. The fundamental timing unit of
the PWM controller is tCK = 1/fCLKOUT where fCLKOUT is the
CLKOUT frequency (DSP instruction rate). Therefore, for a
20 MHz CLKOUT, the fundamental time increment is 50 ns.
The value written to the PWMTM register is effectively the
number of tCK clock increments in half a PWM period. The
required PWMTM value is a function of the desired PWM
switching frequency (fPWM) and is given by:
OUTPUT
CONTROL
UNIT
RESET
SYNC
PWMGATE (9...0)
AH
AL
BH
GATE
DRIVE
UNIT
BL
CH
CL
CLK
CLKOUT
PWMSYNC
TO INTERRUPT
CONTROLLER
PWMTRIP
PWMTRIP
OR
PWMSWT (0)
PWM SHUTDOWN CONTROLLER
OVER
CURRENT
ISENSE
TRIP
ANALOG BLOCK
Figure 6. Overview of the PWM Controller of the ADMCF328
–12–
REV. A
ADMCF328
symmetrical about the midpoint of the period (asymmetrical
PWM patterns).
PWM Switching Dead Time: PWMDT Register
The second important PWM block parameter that must be
initialized is the switching dead time. This is a short delay time
introduced between turning off one PWM signal (for example
AH) and turning on its complementary signal, AL. This short
time delay is introduced to permit the power switch being turned
off to completely recover its blocking capability before the
complementary switch is turned on. This time delay prevents a
potentially destructive short-circuit condition from developing
across the dc link capacitor of a typical voltage source inverter.
Dead time is controlled by the PWMDT register. The dead
time is inserted into the three pairs of PWM output signals. The
dead time, TD, is related to the value in the PWMDT register by:
TD = PWMDT × 2 × tCK
In the double update mode, operation in the first half or the
second half of the PWM cycle is indicated by Bit 3 of the
SYSSTAT register. In double update mode, this bit is cleared
during operation in the first half of each PWM period (between
the rising edge of the original PWMSYNC pulse and the rising
edge of the new PWMSYNC pulse, which is introduced in
double update mode). Bit 3 of the SYSSTAT register is set
during the second half of each PWM period. If required, a user
may determine the status of this bit during a PWMSYNC interrupt service routine.
PWMDT
=2×
fCLKOUT
Therefore, a PWMDT value of 0x00A (= 10), introduces a 1 µs
delay between the turn-off of any PWM signal (for example AH)
and the turn-on of its complementary signal (AL). The amount
of the dead time can therefore be programmed in increments of
2 tCK (or 100 ns for a 20 MHz CLKOUT). The PWMDT register
is a 10-bit register. For a CLKOUT rate of 20 MHz its maximum
value of 0x3FF (= 1023) corresponds to a maximum programmed
dead time of:
TDmax = 1023 × 2 × tCK
= 1023 × 2 × 50 × 10–9 sec
= 102 µs
The dead time can be programmed to zero by writing 0 to the
PWMDT register.
The advantages of the double update mode are that lower harmonic voltages can be produced by the PWM process and wider
control bandwidths are possible. However, for a given PWM
switching frequency, the PWMSYNC pulses occur at twice the
rate in the double update mode. Because new duty cycle values
must be computed in each PWMSYNC interrupt service routine,
there is a larger computational burden on the DSP in the double
update mode.
Width of the PWMSYNC Pulse: PWMSYNCWT Register
The PWM controller of the ADMCF328 produces an internal
PWM synchronization pulse at a rate equal to the PWM switching
frequency in single update mode and at twice the PWM frequency
in the double update mode. This PWMSYNC synchronizes
the operation of the PWM unit with the A/D converter system.
The width of this PWMSYNC pulse is programmable by the
PWMSYNCWT register. The width of the PWMSYNC pulse,
TPWMSYNC, is given by:
(
PWM Operating Mode: MODECTRL and SYSSTAT Registers
The PWM controller of the ADMCF328 can operate in two distinct modes: single update mode and double update mode. The
operating mode of the PWM controller is determined by the
state of Bit 6 of the MODECTRL register. If this bit is cleared, the
PWM operates in the single update mode. Setting Bit 6 places
the PWM in the double update mode. By default, following
either a peripheral reset or power-on, Bit 6 of the MODECTRL
register is cleared. This means that the default operating mode
is single update mode.
In single update mode, a single PWMSYNC pulse is produced
in each PWM period. The rising edge of this signal marks
the start of a new PWM cycle and is used to latch new values
from the PWM configuration registers (PWMTM, PWMDT,
PWMPD, and PWMSYNCWT) and the PWM duty cycle
registers (PWMCHA, PWMCHB, and PWMCHC) into the
three-phase timing unit. The PWMSEG register is also latched
into the output control unit on the rising edge of the PWMSYNC
pulse. In effect, this means that the parameters of the PWM
signals can be updated only once per PWM period at the start of
each cycle. Thus, the generated PWM patterns are symmetrical
about the midpoint of the switching period.
In double update mode, there is an additional PWMSYNC pulse
produced at the midpoint of each PWM period. The rising edge
of this new PWMSYNC pulse is again used to latch new values
of the PWM configuration registers, duty cycle registers and the
PWMSEG register. As a result, it is possible to alter both the
characteristics (switching frequency, dead time, minimum pulsewidth and PWMSYNC pulsewidth) and the output duty cycles
at the midpoint of each PWM cycle. Consequently, it is possible to produce PWM switching patterns that are no longer
REV. A
)
TPWMSYNC = tCK × PWMSYNCWT + 1
which means that the width of the pulse is programmable from tCK
to 256 tCK (corresponding to 50 ns to 12.8 µs for a CLKOUT rate
of 20 MHz). Following a reset, the PWMSYNCWT register contains 0x27 (= 39) so that the default PWMSYNC width is 2.0 µs.
PWM Duty Cycles: PWMCHA, PWMCHB, PWMCHC
Registers
The duty cycles of the six PWM output signals are controlled
by the three duty cycle registers, PWMCHA, PWMCHB, and
PWMCHC. The integer value in the register PWMCHA controls
the duty cycle of the signals on AH and AL. PWMCHB controls
the duty cycle of the signals on BH and BL, and PWMCHC
controls the duty cycle of the signals on CH and CL. The duty
cycle registers are programmed in integer counts of the fundamental time unit, tCK, and define the desired on-time of the
high-side PWM signal produced by the three-phase timing unit
over half the PWM period. The switching signals produced by
the three-phase timing unit are also adjusted to incorporate the
programmed dead time value in the PWMDT register.
The PWM is center-based. This means that in single update mode
the resulting output waveforms are symmetrical and centered in
the PWMSYNC period. Figure 7 presents a typical PWM timing diagram illustrating the PWM-related registers’ (PWMCHA,
PWMTM, PWMDT, and PWMSYNCWT) control over the
waveform timing in both half cycles of the PWM period. The
magnitude of each parameter in the timing diagram is determined
by multiplying the integer value in each register by tCK (typically
50 ns). It may be seen in the timing diagram how dead time is
incorporated into the waveforms by moving the switching edges
away from the instants set by the PWMCHA register.
–13–
ADMCF328
PWMCHA
In general, the on-times of the PWM signals in double update
mode are defined by:
PWMCHA
T AH = ( PWMCHA1 + PWMCHA2 − PWMDT1 − PWMDT2 ) × tCK
AH
2 PWMDT
2 PWMDT
 PWMTM1 + PWMTM 2 − PWMCHA1 −
T AL = 
 × tCK
 PWMCHA2 − PWMDT1 − PWMDT2 
AL
PWMSYNCWT + 1
PWMSYNC
where the subscript 1 refers to the value of that register during
the first half cycle and the subscript 2 refers to the value during
the second half cycle. The corresponding duty cycles are:
SYSSTAT (3)
PWMTM
PWMTM
Figure 7. Typical PWM Outputs of Three-Phase Timing
Unit in Single Update Mode
d AH =
Each switching edge is moved by an equal amount (PWMDT
× tCK) to preserve the symmetrical output patterns. The PWMSYNC
pulse, whose width is set by the PWMSYNCWT register, is also
shown. Bit 3 of the SYSSTAT register indicates which half cycle
is active. This can be useful in double update mode, as will be
discussed later.
The resultant on-times of the PWM signals shown in Figure 7
may be written as:
=
PWMCHA1 + PWMCHA2
PWMTM1 + PWMTM2
−
PWMDT1 + PWMDT2
PWMTM1 + PWMTM2
d AL =
TAH = 2 × ( PWMCHA – PWMDT ) × tCK
TAL = 2 × ( PWMTM – PWMCHA – PWMDT ) × tCK
d AH
d AL =
TAL PWMTM – PWMCHA – PWMDT
=
TS
PWMTM
(PWMTM
–
(PWMCHA
AH
2 PWMDT2
2 PWMDT1
AL
PWMSYNCWT1 + 1
PWMSYNCWT2 + 1
PWMSYNC
PWMTM1 + PWMTM2
2
+ PWMDT1 + PWMDT2
PWMTM1 + PWMTM2
)
)
TS = ( PWMTM1 + PWMTM 2 ) × tCK
The output signals from the timing unit for operation in double
update mode are shown in Figure 8. This illustrates a completely
general case where the switching frequency, dead time and duty
cycle are all changed in the second half of the PWM period. Of
course, the same value for any or all of these quantities could be
used in both halves of the PWM cycle. However, it can be seen
that there is no guarantee that symmetrical PWM signals will be
produced by the timing unit in this double update mode. Additionally, it is seen that the dead time is inserted into the PWM
signals in the same way as in the single update mode.
PWMCHA2
+ PWMTM2 + PWMCHA1
1
because for the completely general case in double update mode,
the switching period is given by:
Obviously, negative values of TAH and TAL are not permitted
because the minimum permissible value is zero, corresponding
to a 0% duty cycle. In a similar fashion, the maximum value is
TS, corresponding to a 100% duty cycle.
PWMCHA1
TAL
TS
=
The corresponding duty cycles are:
T
PWMCHA – PWMDT
= AH =
TS
PWMTM
TAH
TS
Again, the values of TAH and TAL are constrained to lie between
zero and TS.
PWM signals similar to those illustrated in Figure 7 and Figure
8 can be produced on the BH, BL, CH, and CL outputs by programming the PWMCHB and PWMCHC registers in a manner
identical to that described for PWMCHA.
The PWM controller does not produce any PWM outputs until
all of the PWMTM, PWMCHA, PWMCHB, and PWMCHC
registers have been written to at least once. After these registers
have been written, the counters in the three-phase timing unit
are enabled. Writing to these registers also starts the main PWM
timer. If during initialization, the PWMTM register is written
before the PWMCHA, PWMCHB, and PWMCHC registers,
the first PWMSYNC pulse (and interrupt if enabled) will be generated (1.5 × tCK × PWMTM) seconds after the initial write to the
PWMTM register in single update mode. In double update mode,
the first PWMSYNC pulse will be generated (tCK × PWMTM)
seconds after the initial write to the PWMTM register in single
update mode.
Effective PWM Resolution
SYSSTAT (3)
PWMTM1
PWMTM2
Figure 8. Typical PWM Outputs of Three-Phase Timing
Unit in Double Update Mode
In single update mode, the same values of PWMCHA, PWMCHB
and PWMCHC are used to define the on-times in both half
cycles of the PWM period. As a result, the effective resolution of
the PWM generation process is 2 tCK (or 100 ns for a 20 MHz
CLKOUT) since incrementing one of the duty cycle registers by
–14–
REV. A
ADMCF328
Output Control Unit: PWMSEG Register
one changes the resultant on-time of the associated PWM signals
by tCK in each half period (or 2 tCK for the full period).
In double update mode, improved resolution is possible since
different values of the duty cycle registers are used to define the
on-times in both the first and second halves of the PWM period.
As a result, it is possible to adjust the on-time over the whole
period in increments of tCK. This corresponds to an effective
PWM resolution of tCK in double update mode (or 50 ns for a
20 MHz CLKOUT).
The achievable PWM switching frequency at a given PWM
resolution is tabulated in Table IV.
Table IV. Achievable PWM Resolution in Single and Double
Update Modes
Resolution
(Bit)
Single Update Mode
PWM Frequency (kHz)
Double Update Mode
PWM Frequency (kHz)
8
9
10
11
12
39.1
19.5
9.8
4.9
2.4
78.1
39.1
19.5
9.8
4.9
Minimum Pulsewidth: PWMPD Register
In many power converter switching applications, it is desirable
to eliminate PWM switching pulses shorter than a certain width.
It takes a finite time to both turn on and turn off modern
power semiconductor devices. Therefore, if the width of any of the
PWM pulses is shorter than some minimum value, it may
be desirable to completely eliminate the PWM switching for
that particular cycle.
The allowable minimum on-time for any of the six PWM outputs
for half a PWM period that can be produced by the PWM controller may be programmed using the PWMPD register. The minimum
on-time is programmed in increments of tCK so that the minimum
on-time produced for any half PWM period, TMIN, is related to
the value in the PWMPD register by:
T MIN = PWMPD × tCK
A PWMPD value of 0x002 defines a permissible minimum
on-time of 100 ns for a 20 MHz CLKOUT.
In each half cycle of the PWM, the timing unit checks the ontime of each of the six PWM signals. If any of the times is found
to be less than the value specified by the PWMPD register, the
corresponding PWM signal is turned OFF for the entire half
period, and its complementary signal is turned completely ON.
Consider the example where PWMTM = 200, PWMCHA = 5,
PWMDT = 3, and PWMPD = 10 with a CLKOUT of 20 MHz,
while operating in single update mode. For this case, the PWM
switching frequency is 50 kHz and the dead time is 300 ns. The
minimum permissible on-time of any PWM signal over one-half
of any period is 500 ns. Clearly, for this example, the dead-time
adjusted on-time of the AH signal for one-half a PWM period is
(5–3) × 50 ns = 100 ns. Because this is less than the minimum
permissible value, output AH of the timing unit will remain
OFF (0% duty cycle). Additionally, the AL signal will be turned
ON for the entire half period (100% duty cycle).
REV. A
The operation of the output control unit is managed by the 9-bit
read/write PWMSEG register. This register sets two distinct
features of the output control unit that are directly useful in the
control of ECM or BDCM.
The PWMSEG register contains three crossover bits, one for each
pair of PWM outputs. Setting Bit 8 of the PWMSEG register
enables the crossover mode for the AH/AL pair of PWM signals;
setting Bit 7 enables crossover on the BH/BL pair of PWM
signals; and setting Bit 6 enables crossover on the CH/CL pair
of PWM signals. If crossover mode is enabled for any pair of
PWM signals, the high side PWM signal from the timing unit
(for example AH) is diverted to the associated low-side output
of the output control unit so that the signal will ultimately
appear at the AL pin. Of course, the corresponding low-side
output of the timing unit is also diverted to the complementary
high-side output of the output control unit so that the signal
appears at Pin AH. Following a reset, the three crossover bits
are cleared so that the crossover mode is disabled on all three
pairs of PWM signals.
The PWMSEG register also contains six bits (Bits 0 to 5) that
can be used to individually enable or disable each of the six
PWM outputs. If the associated bit of the PWMSEG register is
set, the corresponding PWM output is disabled regardless of the
value of the corresponding duty cycle register. This PWM output
signal will remain in the OFF state as long as the corresponding
enable/disable bit of the PWMSEG register is set. The PWM
output enable function gates the crossover function. After a reset,
all six enable bits of the PWMSEG register are cleared, thereby
enabling all PWM outputs by default.
In a manner identical to the duty cycle registers, the PWMSEG
is latched on the rising edge of the PWMSYNC signal so that
changes to this register only become effective at the start of each
PWM cycle in single update mode. In double update mode, the
PWMSEG register can also be updated at the midpoint of the
PWM cycle.
In the control of an ECM, only two inverter legs are switched
at any time, and often the high-side device in one leg must be
switched ON at the same time as the low-side driver in a second
leg. Therefore, by programming identical duty cycles for two
PWM channels (for example, let PWMCHA = PWMCHB) and
setting Bit 7 of the PWMSEG register to crossover the BH/BL
pair of PWM signals, it is possible to turn ON the high-side
switch of Phase A and the low-side switch of Phase B at the
same time. In the control of an ECM, one inverter leg (Phase C
in this example) is disabled for a number of PWM cycles. This
disable may be implemented by disabling both the CH and CL
PWM outputs by setting Bits 0 and 1 of the PWMSEG register.
This is illustrated in Figure 9, where it can be seen that both
the AH and BL signals are identical, because PWMCHA =
PWMCHB, and the crossover bit for Phase B is set. In addition,
the other four signals (AL, BH, CH, and CL) have been disabled
by setting the appropriate enable/disable bits of the PWMSEG
register. For the situation illustrated in Figure 9, the appropriate
value for the PWMSEG register is 0x00A7. In ECM operation,
because each inverter leg is disabled for certain periods of time,
the PWMSEG register is changed based upon the position of
the rotor shaft (motor commutation).
–15–
ADMCF328
PWMCHA
= PWMCHB
PWMCHA
PWMCHA
= PWMCHB
AH
2 PWMDT
2 PWMDT
PWMCHA
2 PWMDT
2 PWMDT
AL
[4 (GDCLK+1) tCK]
PWMTM
BH
PWMTM
CH
Figure 10. Typical PWM signals with high frequency gate
chopping enabled on both high-side and low-side switches
(GDCLK is the integer equivalent of the value in Bits 0 to 7
of the PWMGATE register.)
CL
PWM Shutdown
BL
PWMTM
PWMTM
Figure 9. An example of PWM signals suitable for ECM
control. PWMCHA = PWMCHB, BH/BL are a crossover pair.
AL, BH, CH, and CL outputs are disabled. Operation is in
single update mode.
Gate Drive Unit: PWMGATE Register
The gate drive unit of the PWM controller adds features that
simplify the design of isolated gate drive circuits for PWM
inverters. If a transformer-coupled power device gate drive amplifier is used, the active PWM signal must be chopped at a high
frequency. The PWMGATE register allows the programming of
this high frequency chopping mode. The chopped active PWM
signals may be required for the high-side drivers only, for the
low-side drivers only, or for both the high-side and low-side
switches. Therefore, independent control of this mode for both
high- and low-side switches is included with two separate control
bits in the PWMGATE register.
Typical PWM output signals with high-frequency chopping
enabled on both high-side and low-side signals are shown in
Figure 10. Chopping of the high-side PWM outputs (AH, BH,
and CH) is enabled by setting Bit 8 of the PWMGATE register.
Chopping of the low-side PWM outputs (AL, BL, and CL) is
enabled by setting Bit 9 of the PWMGATE register. The high
chopping frequency is controlled by the 8-bit word (GDCLK)
written to Bits 0 to 7 of the PWMGATE register. The period
and the frequency of this high frequency carrier are:
[ (
)]
TCHOP = 4 × GDCLK + 1 × tCK
fCHOP =
fCLKOUT
[4 × (GDCLK + 1)]
The GDCLK value may range from 0 to 255, corresponding
to a programmable chopping frequency rate from 19.5 kHz to
5 MHz for a 20 MHz CLKOUT rate. The gate drive features
must be programmed before operation of the PWM controller
and typically are not changed during normal operation of the
PWM controller. Following a reset, by default, all bits of the
PWMGATE register are cleared so that high frequency chopping
is disabled.
–16–
In the event of external fault conditions, it is essential that the
PWM system be instantaneously shut down. Two methods of
sensing a fault condition are provided by the ADMCF328. For
the first method, a low level on the PWMTRIP pin initiates
an instantaneous, asynchronous (independent of DSP clock)
shutdown of the PWM controller. This places all six PWM
outputs in the OFF state, disables the PWMSYNC pulse and
associated interrupt signal, and generates a PWMTRIP interrupt
signal. The PWMTRIP pin has an internal pull-down resistor so
that even if the pin becomes disconnected, the PWM outputs will
be disabled. The state of the PWMTRIP pin can be read from
bit 0 of the SYSSTAT register.
The second method for detecting a fault condition is through the
ISENSE pin in the analog block of the ADMCF328. The ISENSE
pin monitors the feedback signals from a dc bus current sensing
resistor that represents the total current in the motor. When the
voltage of ISENSE goes below ISENSE trip threshold, PWMTRIP
will be internally pulled low. The negative edge of the internal
PWMTRIP will generate a shutdown in the same manner as a
negative edge on pin PWMTRIP.
It is possible through software to initiate a PWM shutdown by
writing to the 1-bit read/write PWMSWT register (0x2061).
Writing to this bit generates a PWM shutdown in a manner
identical to the PWMTRIP or ISENSE pins. Following a PWM
shutdown, it is possible to determine if the shutdown was generated from hardware or software by reading the same PWMSWT
register. Reading this register also clears it.
Restarting the PWM after a fault condition is detected requires
clearing the fault and reinitializing the PWM. Clearing the fault
requires that PWMTRIP returns to a HI state and ISENSE returns
to a voltage greater than the ISENSE trip threshold. After the
fault has been cleared, the PWM can be restarted by writing to
registers PWMTM, PWMCHA, PWMCHB, and PWMCHC. After
the fault is cleared and the PWM registers are initialized, internal
timing of the three-phase timing unit will resume, and the
new duty cycle values will be latched on the next rising edge
of PWMSYNC.
REV. A
ADMCF328
Table V. Fundamental Characteristics of PWM Generation Unit of ADMCF328
16-BIT PWM TIMER
Parameter
Min
Counter Resolution
Edge Resolution (Single Update Mode)
Edge Resolution (Double Update Mode)
Programmable Dead Time Range
Programmable Dead Time Increments
Programmable Pulse Deletion Range
Programmable Pulse Deletion Increments
PWM Frequency Range
PWMSYNC Pulsewidth (TCRST)
Gate Drive Chop Frequency Range
Typ
16
100
50
0
100
100
0
100
ICONST
The configuration of the PWM registers is described at the end
of the data sheet. The parameters of the PWM block are tabulated in Table V.
12.5
5
C
PWMSYNC (CONVST)
EXTERNAL
CHARGING
CAP
CLK MODECTRL<7>
ADC
REGISTERS
COMP
V1L
V1
COMP
V2L
V2
ISENSE
COMP
–5 Table VI. ADC Auxiliary Channel Selection
COMP
12-BIT
ADC
TIMER
BLOCK
V3L
VAUX1
0
1
0
1
ADC REGISTERS
ADC1
ADC2
ADC3
ADCAUX
VAUXL
MODECTRL<0..1>
VAUX0
MODECTRL (0)
ADCMUX0
VAUX2
0
0
1
1
Bits
ns
ns
µs
ns
µs
ns
Hz
µs
MHz
ICONST_TRIM<2:0>
VC
GND
The ADC of the ADMCF328 is based upon the single slope
conversion technique. This approach offers an inherently
monotonic conversion process within the noise and stability of its
components, and there will be no missing codes.
VAUX0
VAUX1
VAUX2
Calibration (VREF)
Unit
(CAP RESET)
ADC OVERVIEW
MODECTRL (1)
ADCMUX1
100
150
0.05
0.02
PWM Registers
Select
Max
4–1
MUX
VREF
0.8 The single slope technique has been adapted on the ADMCF328
for four channels that are simultaneously converted. Refer to
Figure 11 for the functional schematic of the ADC. Two of the
main inputs (V1 and V2) are directly connected as high impedance voltage inputs. The third main input channel (ISENSE) has
a special design to monitor the voltage on a current-sensing
resistor whose voltage is always below (more negative than)
the power supply rail. The fourth channel has been configured
with a serially connected 4-to-1 multiplexer. Table VI shows the
multiplexer input selection codes. One of these auxiliary
multiplexed channels is used to calibrate the ramp against the
internal voltage reference (VREF).
COMP
PWMTRIP
Figure 11. ADC Overview
Comparing each ADC input to a reference ramp voltage and
timing the comparison of the two signals performs the conversion
process. The actual conversion point is the time point intersection of the input voltage and the ramp voltage (VC) as shown in
Figure 12. This time is converted to counts by the 12-bit ADC
Timer Block and is stored in the ADC registers. The ramp voltage
used to perform the conversion is generated by driving a fixed
current into an off-chip capacitor, where the capacitor voltage is
VC = ( I C ) × t
Following reset, VC = 0 at t = 0. This reset and the start of
the conversion process are initiated by the PWMSYNC pulse,
as shown in Figure 12. The width of the PWMSYNC pulse is
controlled by the PWMSYNCWT register and should be programmed according to Figure 13 to ensure complete resetting.
In order to compensate for IC process manufacturing tolerances
(and to adjust for capacitor tolerances), the current source of the
ADMCF328 is software programmable. The software setting of the
magnitude of the ICONST current generator is accomplished by
selecting one of eight steps over approximately 20% current range.
REV. A
–17–
ADMCF328
VC
Where TPWM is equal to the PWM period if operating in single
update mode, or it is equal to half that period if operating in
double update mode. For an assumed CLKOUT frequency of
20 MHz and PWMSYNC pulsewidth of 2.0 µs, the effective
resolution of the ADC block is tabulated for various PWM
switching frequencies in Table VII.
VCMAX
V1
Table VII. ADC Resolution Examples
VVIL
tVIL
t
TCRST
TPWM –TCRST
PWMSYNC
COMPARATOR
OUTPUT
PWM
Frequency
(kHz)
MODECTRL[7] = 0
Max
Effective
Count
Resolution
MODECTRL[7] = 1
Max
Effective
Count
Resolution
2.4
4
8
18
25
4095
2480
1230
535
380
4095
4095
2460
1070
760
12
>11
>10
>9
>8
12
12
>11
>10
>9
Charging Capacitor Selection
Figure 12. Analog Input Block Operation
The ADC system consists of four comparators and a single
timer, which may be clocked at either the DSP rate or half the
DSP rate, depending on the setting of the ADCCNT bit (Bit 7)
of the MODECTRL register. When this bit is cleared, the timers
count at a slower rate of CLKIN. When this bit is set, they count
at CLKOUT or twice the rate of CLKIN. ADC1, ADC2, ADC3,
and ADCAUX are the registers that capture the conversion
times, which are effectively the timer values, when the associated
comparator trips.
The charging capacitor value is selected based on the sample
(PWM) frequency desired. A too-small capacitor value will reduce
the available resolution of the ADC by having the ramp voltage
rise rapidly and convert too quickly, not utilizing all possible
counts available in the PWM cycle. Too large a capacitor may not
convert in the available PWM cycle returning 0x000. To select a
charging capacitor, use Figure 14, select the sampling frequency
desired, determine if the current source is to be tuned to a nominal
100 µA or left in the default (0x0 code) trim state, then determine
the proper charge capacitor off the appropriate curve.
200
100
CNOM – nF
DECIMAL COUNTS
150
100
TUNED ICONST
10
50
DEFAULT ICONST
0
0
2
4
6
CHARGING CAPACITOR – nF
8
1
10
Figure 13. PWMSYNCWT Program Value
ADC Resolution
The ADC is intrinsically linked to the PWM block through the
PWMSYNC pulse controlling the ADC conversion process.
Because of this link, the effective resolution of the ADC is a
function of both the PWM switching frequency and the rate
at which the ADC counter timer is clocked. For a CLKOUT
period of tCK and a PWM period of TPWM, the maximum count of
the ADC is given by:

Max Count = min  4095, T
−T
2t
PWM
CRST
CK 
(
)
for MODECTRL Bit 7 = 1
( PWM − TCRST )
Max Count = min  4095, T

t
CK 
1
10
FREQUENCY – kHz
100
Figure 14. Timing Capacitor Selection
Programmable Current Source
The ADMCF328 has an internal current source that is used to
charge an external capacitor, generating the voltage ramp used
for conversion. The magnitude of the output of the current
source circuit is subject to manufacturing variations and can
vary from one device to the next. Therefore, the ADMCF328
incudes a programmable current source whose output can always
be tuned to within 5% of the target 100 µA. A 3-bit register,
ICONST_TRIM, allows the user to make this adjustment. The
output current is proportional to the value written to the register: 0x0 produces the minimum output, and 0x7 produces the
maximum output. The default value of ICONST_TRIM after
reset is 0x0.
for MODECTRL Bit 7 = 1
–18–
REV. A
ADMCF328
ADC Reference Ramp Calibration
+V
The peak of the ADC ramp voltage should be as close as possible
to 3.5 V to achieve the optimum ADC resolution and signal range.
When the current source is in the Default State, the peak of the
ADC ramp slope will be lower than this “3.5 V” target ramp.
When the current source value is increased, the ADC ramp
slope will become closer to the target value. The “tuned” ramp
slope is the one closest to the target ramp.
CH
2. Program PWMSYNCWT to proper count as in Figure 13.
3. The ADC Max Count is calculated, as described in a previous section.
4. The target reference conversion is calculated as TARGET =
(Max Count) × (2.5 V/3.5 V).
5. Reset or software sets the ICONST_TRIM register to zero.
6. Select calibration channel in software on ADC multiplexer.
7. The calibration channel value is compared with the target
reference conversion.
8. If this value is greater than the TARGET, the ICONST_TRIM
value is incremented by one, and Step 7 is repeated.
9. If the calibration channel value is less than the TARGET,
the calibration is completed.
AH
IWINDING
IWINDING
0V
CL
A simple calibration procedure using the internal 2.5 V reference
voltage allows the selection of the ICONST_TRIM register
value to reach this:
1. A high quality linear ADC capacitor is selected using Figure
14 for a tuned ICONST.
BH
BL
AL
IBUS
–V
CIRCUIT COMMON
CURRENT SENSE SIGNAL
Figure 16. Typical Power Inverter Switching Topology
for DC Brushless Motor Control
Current Sense Amplifier Application
The ADMCF328 current sense amplifier system has been
provided to simplify the measurement of the motor winding
currents in brushless dc motor control systems. The assumed
power circuit configuration, illustrated in Figure 16, is one in
which a current sense resistor is placed between the circuit common and the return path to the negative power bus. The normal
PWM modulation scheme keeps one upper device fully conducting
while the duty cycle of one of the lower power switches is varied.
In this case, there is a negative going voltage across the resistive
shunt when the complementary upper diode conducts. The shunt
signal, IBUS, shown in Figure 17, is sampled at the midpoint of
the lower device-on period using the PWMSYNC pulse. The captured value represents the current in the motor winding IWINDING.
ADC Registers
3.5V
TARGET
RAMP
The configuration of all registers of the ADC System is shown at
the end of the data sheet.
AUXILIARY PWM TIMERS
Overview
VREF
MINIMUM
RAMP
0.3V
The ADMCF328 provides two variable frequency, variable duty
cycle, 8-bit, auxiliary PWM outputs that are available at the AUX1
and AUX0 pins when enabled. These auxiliary PWM outputs
can be used to provide switching signals to other circuits in a
typical motor control system such as power factor corrected
front-end converters or other switching power converters. Alternatively, by addition of a suitable filter network, the auxiliary
PWM output signals can be used as simple single-bit digital-toanalog converters.
Figure 15. Current Ramp
Current Sense Amplifier
The ADMCF328 analog circuit block also integrates an inverting
amplifier, a sample-and-hold amplifier, and an over-currenttrip comparator. The current sense amplifier input signal range
is matched to the requirements of medium to low power motor
control applications. There is an output offset that matches the
amplifier output signal range to the input signal range of the A/D
converter. This amplifier is followed by a sample-and-hold
amplifier that samples the current sense signal on the falling edge
of the PWMSYNC pulse. This sampling amplifier system can be
used to capture the winding current signal in a brushless dc motor.
REV. A
–19–
ADMCF328
UPPER
DIODE
CONDUCTION
VWINDING
LOWER TRANSISTOR
CONDUCTION
LOWER TRANSISTOR
CONDUCTION
For correct operation in this mode, the value written to the
AUXTM1 register must be less than the value written to the
AUXTM0 register. Typical auxiliary PWM waveforms in offset
mode are shown in Figure 18(b). Again, duty cycles from 0% to
100% are possible in this mode.
t
IWINDING
In both operating modes, the resolution of the auxiliary PWM
system is eight bits only at the minimum switching frequency
(AUXTM0 = AUXTM1 = 255 in independent mode, AUXTM0
= 255 in offset mode). Obviously, as the switching frequency is
increased, the resolution is reduced.
t
IBUS
t
Values can be written to the auxiliary PWM registers at any
time. However, new duty cycle values written to the AUXCH0 and
AUXCH1 registers only become effective at the start of the next
cycle. Writing to the AUXTM0 or AUXTM1 registers causes
the internal timers to be reset to 0 and new PWM cycles to begin.
PWMSYNC
t
Figure 17. Bus Current Signals
The auxiliary PWM system of the ADMCF328 can operate in
two different modes: independent mode or offset mode. The
operating mode of the auxiliary PWM system is controlled
by Bit 8 of the MODECTRL register. Setting Bit 8 of the
MODECTRL register places the auxiliary PWM system in the
independent mode. In this mode, the two auxiliary PWM generators are completely independent and separate switching
frequencies and duty cycles may be programmed for each auxiliary PWM output. In this mode, the 8-bit AUXTM0 register
sets the switching frequency of the signal at the AUX0 output
pin. Similarly, the 8-bit AUXTM1 register sets the switching
frequency of the signal at the AUX1 pin. The fundamental time
increment for the auxiliary PWM outputs is twice the DSP
instruction rate (or 2 tCK) and the corresponding switching
periods are given by:
T AUX
0
By default following a reset, Bit 8 of the MODECTRL register
is cleared, thus enabling offset mode. In addition, the registers
AUXTM0 and AUXTM1 default to 0xFF, corresponding to
the minimum switching frequency and zero offset. The on-time
registers AUXCH0 and AUXCH1 default to 0x00.
Auxiliary PWM Interface, Registers, and Pins
The registers of the auxiliary PWM system are summarized at
the end of the data sheet.
2 (AUXTM0 + 1)
2 AUXCH0
AUX0
2 AUXCH1
= 2 × ( AUXTM 0 + 1) × tCK
AUX1
2 AUXCH1
T AUX 1 = 2 × ( AUXTM 1 + 1) × tCK
(a) Independent Mode
Since the values in both AUXTM0 and AUXTM1 can range from
0 to 0xFF, the achievable switching frequency of the auxiliary PWM
signals may range from 39.1 kHz to 10 MHz for a CLKOUT
frequency of 20 MHz.
2 (AUXTM0 + 1)
2 AUXCH0
AUX0
The on-time of the two auxiliary PWM signals is programmed by
the two 8-bit AUXCH0 and AUXCH1 registers, according to:
TON , AUX
0
2 (AUXTM1 + 1)
2 (AUXTM0 + 1)
= 2 × ( AUXTM 0) × tCK
AUX1
TON , AUX 1 = 2 × ( AUXTM 1) × tCK
2 AUXCH1
so that output duty cycles from 0% to 100% are possible. Duty
cycles of 100% are produced if the on-time value exceeds the
period value. Typical auxiliary PWM waveforms in independent
mode are shown in Figure 18(a). When Bit 8 of the MODECTRL
register is cleared, the auxiliary PWM channels are placed in offset
mode. In offset mode, the switching frequency of the two signals
on the AUX0 and AUX1 pins are identical and controlled by
AUXTM0 in a manner similar to that previously described for
independent mode. In addition, the on times of both the AUX0
and AUX1 signals are controlled by the AUXCH0 and AUXCH1
registers as before. However, in this mode the AUXTM1 register
defines the offset time from the rising edge of the signal on the
AUX0 pin to that on the AUX1 pin according to:
2 (AUXTM1 + 1)
(b) Offset Mode
Figure 18. Typical Auxiliary PWM Signals. (All Times in
Increments of tCK)
PWM DAC Equation
The auxiliary PWM output can be filtered in order to produce a low
frequency analog signal between 0 V to VDD. For example, a 2-pole
filter with a 1.2 kHz cutoff frequency will sufficiently attenuate the
PWM carrier. Figure 19 shows how the filter would be applied.
AUXPWM
R1
R2
C1
R1 = R2 = 13k
C1 = C2 = 10nF
C2
TOFFSET = 2 × ( AUXTM 1 + 1) × tCK
Figure 19. Auxiliary PWM Output Filter
–20–
REV. A
ADMCF328
Table VIII. Fundamental Characteristics of Auxiliary PWM Timer of ADMCF328
AUXILIARY PWM TIMERS
Parameter
Test Conditions
Min
Resolution
PWM Frequency
10 MHz CLKIN
0.039
8
The ADMCF328 incorporates a watchdog timer that can perform a full reset of the DSP and motor control peripherals in the
event of software error. The watchdog timer is enabled by writing a
timeout value to the 16-bit WDTIMER register. The timeout
value represents the number of CLKIN cycles required for the
watchdog timer to count down to zero. When the watchdog timer
reaches zero, a full DSP core and motor control peripheral reset
is performed. In addition, Bit 1 of the SYSSTAT register is set
so that after a watchdog reset, the ADMCF328 can determine
that the reset was due to the timeout of the watchdog timer
and not an external reset. Following a watchdog reset, Bit 1 of
the SYSSTAT register may be cleared by writing zero to the
WDTIMER register. This clears the status bit but does not
enable the watchdog timer.
Unit
Bits
MHz
The data of the PIO0 to PIO8 lines is controlled by the
PIODATA0 register (for PIO0 to PIO7) and Bit 0 of the
PIODATA1 register (for PIO8). These registers can be used to
read data from those PIO lines configured as inputs and write data
to those configured as outputs. Any of the nine pins that have been
configured for PIO functionality can be made to act as an interrupt
source by setting the appropriate bit of the PIOINTEN0 register
(for PIO0 to PIO7) or the PIOINTEN1 register (for PIO8). In
order to act as an interrupt source the pin must also be configured
as an input. An interrupt is generated upon a change of state
(low-to-high transition or high-to-low transition) on any input
that has been configured as an interrupt source. Following a
change of state event on any such input, the corresponding
bit is set in the PIOFLAG0 register (for PIO0 to PIO7) and
PIOFLAG1 (for PIO8) and a common PIO interrupt is generated. Reading the PIOFLAG0 and PIOFLAG1 registers permits
determining the interrupt source. Reading the PIOFLAG0 and
PIOFLAG1 registers automatically clears all bits of the registers.
Following power-on or reset, all bits of PIOINTEN0 and
PIOINTEN1 are cleared so that no interrupts are enabled.
Each PIO line has an internal pull-down resistor so that following power-on or reset all nine lines are configured as input PIOs
and will be read as logic lows if left unconnected.
On reset, the watchdog timer is disabled and is only enabled
when the first timeout value is written to the WDTIMER register.
To prevent the watchdog timer from timing out, the user must
write to the WDTIMER register at regular intervals (shorter than
the programmed WDTIMER period value). On all but the first
write to WDTIMER, the particular value written to the register
is unimportant since writing to WDTIMER simply reloads the
first value written to this register.
PROGRAMMABLE DIGITAL INPUT/OUTPUT
The ADMCF328 has nine programmable digital input/output
(PIO) pins that are all multiplexed with other functions. The nine
PIO lines PIO0–PIO8 are multiplexed with the serial port (Pins
PIO0/TFS1 to PIO5/RFS1), the CLKOUT (pin PIO6/CLKOUT)
and the auxiliary PWM outputs (Pins PIO7/AUX1 and PIO8/
AUX0). When configured as a PIO, each of these nine pins can
act as an input, output, or an interrupt source.
Multiplexing of PIO Lines
The operating mode of pins PIO0/TFS1 to PIO7/AUX1 is controlled by the PIOSELECT register. This 8-bit register has a bit
for each input so that the mode of each pin may be selected individually. Bit 0 of PIOSELECT controls the operation of the
PIO0/TFS1 pin. Bit 1 controls the PIO1/DT1 pin, etc. Setting
the appropriate bit in the PIOSELECT register causes the corresponding pin to be configured for PIO functionality. Clearing
the bit selects the alternate (SPORT, CLKOUT, or AUXPWM)
mode of the corresponding pin. Following power-on reset, all
bits of PIOSELECT are set such that PIO functionality is
selected. The operating mode of the PIO8/AUX0 pin is selected
by Bit 1 of the PIODATA1 register. In a manner identical to the
PIOSELECT register, setting this bit enables PIO functionality
(PIO8) while clearing the bit enables auxiliary PWM functionality (AUX0).
Once PIO functionality has been selected for any or all of these
nine pins, the direction may be set by the 8-bit PIODIR0 register (for PIO0 to PIO7) and the 1-bit PIODIR1 register (for PIO8).
Clearing any bit configures the corresponding PIO line as an
Max
input while setting the bit configures it as an output. By default,
following a reset, all bits of PIODIR0 and PIODIR1 are cleared
configuring the PIO lines as inputs.
WATCHDOG TIMER
REV. A
Typ
The PIO0–PIO5 lines are multiplexed on the ADMCF328 with
the functional lines of the serial port, SPORT1. Although the
PIOSELECT register permits individual selection of the functionality of each pin, certain restrictions apply when using SPORT1
for serial communications.
In general, when transmitting and receiving data on the DTI and
DRIB pins, respectively, the PIO0/TFS1 and PIO5/RFS1 pins
must also be selected for SPORT (TFS1 and RFS1) functionality even if unframed communication is implemented. Therefore,
when using SPORT1 for any type of serial communication, the
minimal setting for PIOSELECT is 0xD8 (i.e., select DTI, DRIB,
RFS1 and TFS1, select PIO7, PIO6, PIO4, PIO3 as digital I/O).
If the serial port communications use an internally generated
SCLK1, the PIO3/SCLK1 pin may be used as a general-purpose
PIO line. When external SCLK mode is selected, the PIO/SCLK1
pin must be enabled as SCLK1 (PIOSELECT [3] = 0).
When the DRIB data receive line of SPORT1 is selected as
the data receive line (MODECTRL [4] = 1), the PIO4/DRIA
line may be used as a general-purpose PIO pin. When the DRIA
data receive line of SPORT1 is selected as the data receive line
(MODECTRL [4] = 0), the PIO2/DRIB line may be used as
a general-purpose PIO pin.
–21–
ADMCF328
The functionality of the PIO6/CLKOUT, PIO7/AUX1, and
PIO8/AUX0 pins may be selected on a pin-by-pin basis as desired.
Interrupt Configuration
The IFC and ICNTL Registers of the DSP core control and configure the interrupt controller of the DSP core. The IFC Register is a
16-bit register that may be used to force and/or clear any of
the eight DSP interrupts. Bits 0 to 7 of the IFC Register may
be used to clear the DSP interrupts while Bits 8 to 15 can be
used to force a corresponding interrupt. Writing to Bits 11 and 12
in IFC is the only way to create the two software interrupts.
PIO Registers
The configuration of all registers of the PIO system is shown at
the end of the data sheet.
INTERRUPT CONTROL
The ADMCF328 can respond to 16 different interrupt sources,
some of which are generated by internal DSP core interrupts
and others from the motor control peripherals. The DSP core
interrupts include the following:
The ICNTL register is used to configure the sensitivity (edge
or level) of the IRQ0, IRQ1, and IRQ2 interrupts and to enable/
disable interrupt nesting. Setting Bit 0 of ICNTL configures the
IRQ0 as edge-sensitive, while clearing the bit configures it as
level-sensitive. Bit 1 is used to configure the IRQ1 interrupt.
• A Peripheral (or IRQ2) Interrupt.
• A SPORT1 Receive (or IRQ0) and a SPORT1 Transmit (or
IRQ1) Interrupt
• Two Software Interrupts.
• An Interval Timer Time-Out Interrupt.
Bit 2 is used to configure the IRQ2 interrupt. It is recommended
that the IRQ2 interrupt always be configured as level-sensitive
to ensure that no peripheral interrupts are lost. Setting Bit 4 of
the ICNTL register enables interrupt nesting. The configuration
of both the IFC and ICNTL registers is shown at the end of the
data sheet.
The interrupts generated by the motor control peripherals include:
• A PWMSYNC Interrupt.
• Nine Programmable Input/Output (PIO) Interrupts.
• A PWM Trip Interrupt.
Interrupt Operation
Following a reset, the ROM code on the ADMCF328 must
copy a default interrupt vector table into program memory
RAM from address 0x0000 to 0x002F. Since each interrupt
source has a dedicated four-word space in this vector table, it is
possible to code short interrupt service routines (ISR) in place.
Alternatively, it may be necessary to insert a JUMP instruction
to the appropriate start address of the interrupt service routine if
more memory is required for the ISR.
The core interrupts are internally prioritized and individually
maskable. All peripheral interrupts are multiplexed into the DSP
core through the peripheral (IRQ2) interrupt.
The PWMSYNC interrupt is triggered by a low-to-high transition on the PWMSYNC pulse. The PWMTRIP interrupt is
triggered on a high-to-low transition on the PWMTRIP pin, an
overcurrent on the ISENSE pin, or by writing to the PWMSWT
Register. A PIO interrupt is detected on any change of state
(high-to-low or low-to-high) on the PIO lines.
When an interrupt occurs, the program sequencer ensures that
there is no latency (beyond synchronization delay) when processing unmasked interrupts. In the case of the timer, SPORT1,
and software interrupts, the interrupt controller automatically
jumps to the appropriate location in the interrupt vector table. At
this point, a JUMP instruction to the appropriate ISR is required.
The ADMCF328 interrupt control system is configured and
controlled by the IFC, IMASK, and ICNTL registers of the
DSP core and by the IRQFLAG register for the PWMSYNC
and PWMTRIP interrupts. PIO interrupts are enabled and
disabled by the PIOINTEN0 and PIOINTEN1 Registers.
Table IX. Interrupt Vector Addresses
Interrupt Source
Interrupt Vector Address
PWMTRIP
Peripheral Interrupt (IRQ2)
PWMSYNC
PIO
Software Interrupt 1
Software Interrupt 0
SPORT1 Transmit Interrupt (or IRQ1)
SPORT1 Receive Interrupt (or IRQ0)
Timer
0x002C (Highest Priority)
0x0004
0x000C
0x0008
0x0018
0x001C
0x0020
0x0024
0x0028 (Lowest Priority)
Motor control peripheral interrupts are slightly different. When a
peripheral interrupt is detected, a bit is set in the IRQFLAG Register for PWMSYNC and PWMTRIP or in the PIOFLAG0, or
PIOFLAG1 registers for a PIO interrupt, and the IRQ2 line
is pulled low until all pending interrupts are acknowledged.
The DSP software must determine the source of the interrupts
by reading IRQFLAG register. If more than one interrupt
occurs simultaneously, the higher priority interrupt service routine
is executed. Reading the IRQFLAG register clears the PWMTRIP
and PWMSYNC bits and acknowledges the interrupt, thus allowing further interrupts when the ISR exits.
Interrupt Masking
Interrupt masking (or disabling) is controlled by the IMASK
Register of the DSP core. This register contains individual bits
that must be set to enable the various interrupt sources. If any
peripheral interrupt (PWMSYNC, PWMTRIP, or PIO) is to be
enabled, the IRQ2 interrupt Enable Bit (Bit 9) of the IMASK
Register must be set. The configuration of the IMASK Register
of the ADMCF328 is shown at the end of the data sheet.
A user’s PIO interrupt service routine must read the PIOFLAG0
and PIOFLAG1 registers to determine which PIO port is
the source of the interrupt. Reading registers PIOFLAG0 and
PIOFLAG1 clears all bits in the registers and acknowledges
the interrupt, thus allowing further interrupts after the ISR exits.
The configuration of all these registers is shown at the end of
the data sheet.
–22–
REV. A
ADMCF328
SYSTEM CONTROLLER
ADMCF328
The system controller block of the ADMCF328 performs the
following functions:
PIO1/DT1
DT1
PIO4/DR1A
DR1
1. Manages the interface and data transfer between the DSP core
and the motor control peripherals.
2. Handles interrupts generated by the motor control peripherals
and generates a DSP core interrupt signal IRQ2.
PIO2/DR1B
PIO0/TFS1
TFS1
DSP
CORE
SPORT1
RFS1
3. Controls the ADC multiplexer select lines.
4. Enables PWMTRIP and PWMSYNC interrupts.
PIO5/RFS1
5. Controls the multiplexing of the SPORT1 pins to select
either DR1A or DR1B data receive pins. It also allows configuration of SPORT1 as a UART interface.
SCLK1
PIO3/SCLK1
FL1
6. Controls the PWM single/double update mode.
UARTEN
7. Controls the ADC conversion time modes.
DR1SEL
MODECTRL (5 . . . 4)
8. Controls the auxiliary PWM operation mode.
9. Contains a status register (SYSSTAT) that indicates the state
of the PWMTRIP pin, the watchdog timer, and the PWM
timer.
10. Performs a reset of the motor control peripherals and control
registers following a hardware, software, or watchdog initiated reset.
SPORT1 Control
Both data receive pins are multiplexed internally into the single
data receive input of SPORT1 as shown in Figure 20. Two control bits in the MODECTRL register control the state of the
SPORT1 pins by manipulating internal multiplexers in the
ADMCF328.
Figure 20. Internal Multiplexing of SPORT1 Pins
Bit 4 of the MODECTRL register (DR1SEL) selects between the
two data receive pins. Setting Bit 4 of MODECTRL connects pin
DR1B to the internal data receive port DR1 of SPORT1. Clearing
Bit 4 connects DR1A to DR1.
Setting Bit 5 of the MODECTRL register (SPORT1 Mode) configures the serial port for UART mode. In this mode, the DR1 and
RFS1 pins of the internal serial port are connected together. Additionally, setting the SPORT1 Mode bit connects the FL1 flag of
the DSP to the external PIO5/RFS1 pin.
Flag Pins
The ADMCF328 provides flag pins. The alternate configuration
of SPORT1 includes a Flag In (FI) and Flag Out (FO) pin.
This alternate configuration of SPORT1 is selected by Bit 10 of
the DSP system control register, SYSCNTL at data memory
address, 0x3FFF. In the alternate configuration, the DR1 pin
(either DR1A or DR1B depending upon the state of the DR1SEL
bit) becomes the FI pin and the DT1 pin becomes the FO pin.
Additionally, RFS1 is configured as the IRQ0 interrupt input
and TFS1 is configured as the IRQ1 interrupt. The serial port
clock, SCLK1, is still available in the alternate configuration.
Development Tools
Users are recommended to obtain the ADMCF328-EVALKIT
from Analog Devices. The tool kit contains everything required
to quickly and easily evaluate and develop applications using the
ADMCF328 and ADMC328 DSP Motor Controllers. Please
contact your ADI sales representative for ordering information.
REV. A
–23–
ADMCF328
Table X. Peripheral Register Map
Address
(HEX)
0x2000
0x2001
0x2002
0x2003
0x2004
0x2005
0x2006
0x2007
0x2008
0x2009
0x200A
0x200B
0x200C
0x200D
0x200E
0x200F
0x2010
0x2011
0x2012
0x2013
0x2014
0x2015
0x2016
0x2017
0x2018
0x2019 . . . 43
0x2044
0x2045
0x2046
0x2047
0x2048
0x2049
0x204A . . . 5F
0x2060
0x2061
0x2062 . . . 67
0x2068
0x2069 . . . 70
0x2080
0x2081
0x2082
0x2083
0x2084 . . . FF
Name
Bits Used
Function
ADC1
ADC2
ADC3
ADCAUX
PIODIR0
PIODATA0
PIOINTEN0
PIOFLAG0
PWMTM
PWMDT
PWMPD
PWMGATE
PWMCHA
PWMCHB
PWMCHC
PWMSEG
AUXCH0
AUXCH1
AUXTM0
AUXTM1
[15 . . . 4]
[15 . . . 4]
[15 . . . 4]
[15 . . . 4]
[7 . . . 0]
[7 . . . 0]
[7 . . . 0]
[7 . . . 0]
[15 . . . 0]
[9 . . . 0]
[9 . . . 0]
[9 . . . 0]
[15 . . . 0]
[15 . . . 0]
[15 . . . 0]
[8 . . . 0]
[7 . . . 0]
[7 . . . 0]
[7 . . . 0]
[7 . . . 0]
MODECTRL
SYSSTAT
IRQFLAG
WDTIMER
[8 . . . 0]
[3 . . . 0]
[1 . . . 0]
[15 . . . 0]
PIODIR1
PIODATA1
PIOINTEN1
PIOFLAG1
[0]
[1 . . . 0]
[0]
[0]
PIOSELECT
[7 . . . 0]
PWMSYNCWT
PWMSWT
[7 . . . 0]
[0]
ICONST_TRIM
[2. . .0]
FMCR
FMAR
FMDRH
FMDRL
[15. . .0]
[11. . .0]
[13. . .0]
[15. . .0]
ADC Results for V1
ADC Results for V2
ADC Results for ISENSE
ADC Results for VAUX
PIO0 . . . 7 Pins Direction Setting
PIO0 . . . 7 Pins Input/Output Data
PIO0 . . . 7 Pins Interrupt Enable
PIO0 . . . 7 Pins Interrupt Status
PWM Period
PWM Dead Time
PWM Pulse Deletion Time
PWM Gate Drive Configuration
PWM Channel A Pulsewidth
PWM Channel B Pulsewidth
PWM Channel C Pulsewidth
PWM Segment Select
AUX PWM Output 0
AUX PWM Output 1
Auxiliary PWM Frequency Value
Auxiliary PWM Frequency Value/Offset
Reserved
Mode Control Register
System Status
Interrupt Status
Watchdog Timer
Reserved
PIO8 Pin Direction Setting
PIO8 Data and Mode Control
PIO8 Pin Interrupt Enable
PIO8 Pin Interrupt Status
Reserved
PIO0 to PIO7 Mode Select
Reserved
PWMSYNC Pulsewidth
PWM S/W Trip Bit
Reserved
ICONST_TRIM
Reserved
Flash Memory Control Register
Flash Memory Address Register
Flash Memory Data Register High
Flash Memory Data Register Low
Reserved
–24–
REV. A
ADMCF328
Table XI. DSP Core Registers
Address
Name
Bits
Function
0x3FFF
0x3FFE
0x3FFD
0x3FFC
0x3FFB
0x3FFA . . . F3
0x3FF2
0x3FF1
0x3FF0
0x3FEF
SYSCNTL
MEMWAIT
TPERIOD
TCOUNT
TSCALE
[15 . . . 0]
[15 . . . 0]
[15 . . . 0]
[15 . . . 0]
[7 . . . 0]
SPORT1_CTRL_REG
SPORT1_SCLKDIV
SPORT1_RFSDIV
SPORT1_AUTOBUF_CTRL
[15 . . . 0]
[15 . . . 0]
[15 . . . 0]
[15 . . . 0]
System Control Register
Memory Wait State Control Register
Interval Timer Period Register
Interval Timer Count Register
Interval Timer Scale Register
Reserved
SPORT1 Control Register
SPORT1 Clock Divide Register
SPORT1 Receive Frame Sync Divide
SPORT1 Autobuffer Control Register
REV. A
–25–
ADMCF328
FLASH MEMORY CONTROL REGISTER
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0x2080
BOOT–FROM–FLASH–CODE
FLASH MEMORY ADDRESS REGISTER
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ADDRESS 11–0
RESERVED
ALWAYS READ 0
15
14
13
FLASH MEMORY DATA REGISTER LOW (FMDRL)
12
11 10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
FLASH MEMORY DATA REGISTER HIGH (FMDRH)
12
11 10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
STATUS 5–0
RESERVED
ALWAYS READ 0
15
14
13
0
0
0
0
0x2081
0
0
0
0
0x2083
DATA 7–0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0x2082
DATA 23–8
MOST SIGNIFICANT BIT IS ON THE LEFT. FOR EXAMPLE, DATA23 IS BIT 15 OF
FMDRH.
Figure 21. Configuration of Flash Memory Registers
Default bit values are shown; if no value is shown, the bit field is undefined at reset. Reserved bits are shown on a gray field—these
bits should always be written as shown.
–26–
REV. A
ADMCF328
PWMTM (R/W)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
DM (0x2008)
PWMTM
fPWM =
fCLKOUT
2 PWMTM
PWMDT (R/W)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
DM (0x2009)
PWMDT
TD =
2 PWMDT
fCLKOUT
SECONDS
PWMSEG (R/W)
0 = NO CROSSOVER
1 = CROSSOVER
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
DM (0x200F)
A CHANNEL CROSSOVER
CH OUTPUT DISABLE
B CHANNEL CROSSOVER
CL OUTPUT DISABLE
C CHANNEL CROSSOVER
BH OUTPUT DISABLE
0 = ENABLE
1 = DISABLE
BL OUTPUT DISABLE
AH OUTPUT DISABLE
AL OUTPUT DISABLE
PWMSYNCWT (R/W)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
DM (0x2060)
PWMSYNCWT
TPWMSYNC, ON =
PWMSYNCWT + 1
fCLKOUT
PWMSWT (R/W)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
DM (0x2061)
Figure 22. Configuration of PWM Registers
Default bit values are shown; if no value is shown, the bit field is undefined at reset. Reserved bits are shown on a gray field—these
bits should always be written as shown.
REV. A
–27–
ADMCF328
PWMPD (R/W)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
DM (0x200A)
PWMPD
TMIN =
PWMPD
fCLKOUT
SECONDS
PWMGATE (R/W)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
DM (0x200B)
GDCLK
GATE DRIVE CHOPPING FREQUENCY
0 = DISABLE
1 = ENABLE
LOW SIDE GATE CHOPPING
fCHOP =
HIGH SIDE GATE CHOPPING
fCLKOUT
4 (GDCLK + 1)
PWMCHA (R/W)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
DM (0x200C)
PWM CHANNEL A
DUTY CYCLE
PWMCHB (R/W)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
DM (0x200D)
PWM CHANNEL B
DUTY CYCLE
PWMCHC (R/W)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
DM (0x200E)
PWM CHANNEL C
DUTY CYCLE
Figure 23. Configuration of Additional PWM Registers
Default bit values are shown; if no value is shown, the bit field is undefined at reset. Reserved bits are shown on a gray field—these
bits should always be written as shown.
–28–
REV. A
ADMCF328
PIODIR0 (R/W)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
DM (0x2004)
0 = INPUT
1 = OUTPUT
PIO0 – PIO7
PIODIR1 (R/W)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
DM (0x2044)
0 = INPUT
1 = OUTPUT
PIO8
PIODATA0 (R/W)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
DM (0x2005)
PIO0 – PIO7
0 = LOW LEVEL
1 = HIGH LEVEL
PIODATA1 (R/W)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
DM (0x2045)
PIO8 DATA
0 = LO
1 = HI
PIO8/AUX0 MODE
0 = AUX0
1 = PIO8
PIOSELECT (R/W)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DM (0x2049)
0 = AUX1
1 = PIO7
0 = TFS1
1 = PIO0
0 = CLKOUT
1 = PIO6
0 = DT1
1 = PIO1
0 = RFS1
1 = PIO5
0 = DR1B
1 = PIO2
0 = DR1A
1 = PIO4
0 = SCLK1
1 = PIO3
Figure 24. Configuration of PIO Registers
Default bit values are shown; if no value is shown, the bit field is undefined at reset. Reserved bits are shown on a gray field—these
bits should always be written as shown.
REV. A
–29–
ADMCF328
PIOINTEN0 (R/W)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
DM (0x2006)
0 = INTERRUPT DISABLE
1 = INTERRUPT ENABLE
PIO0 – PIO7
PIOINTEN1 (R/W)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
DM (0x2046)
0 = INTERRUPT DISABLE
1 = INTERRUPT ENABLE
PIO8
PIOFLAG0 (R)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
DM (0x2007)
0 = NO INTERRUPT
1 = INTERRUPT FLAGGED
PIO0 – PIO7
PIOFLAG1 (R)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
PIO8
DM (0x2047)
0 = NO INTERRUPT
1 = INTERRUPT FLAGGED
Figure 25. Configuration of Additional PIO Registers
Default bit values are shown; if no value is shown, the bit field is undefined at reset. Reserved bits are shown on a gray field—these
bits should always be written as shown.
–30–
REV. A
ADMCF328
AUXCH0 (R/W)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
DM (0x2010)
TON, AUX0 = 2 (AUXCH0) tCK
AUXCH1 (R/W)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
DM (0x2011)
TON, AUX1 = 2 (AUXCH1) tCK
AUXTM0 (R/W)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DM (0x2012)
AUX0 PERIOD = 2 (AUXTM0 + 1) tCK
AUXTM1 (R/W)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
DM (0x2013)
AUX1 PERIOD = 2 (1 + AUXTM1) tCK
OFFSET = 2 (1 + AUXTM1) tCK
Figure 26. Configuration of AUX Registers
Default bit values are shown; if no value is shown, the bit field is undefined at reset. Reserved bits are shown on a gray field—these
bits should always be written as shown.
REV. A
–31–
ADMCF328
15
15
15
15
14
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
12
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
15
14
13
12
11
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
9
9
9
ADC1 (R)
8
7
ADC2 (R)
8
7
ADC3 (R)
8
7
6
6
6
ADCAUX (R)
8
7
6
ICONST_TRIM (R/W)
9
8
7
6
0
0
0
0
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
DM (0x2000)
DM (0x2001)
DM (0x2002)
DM (0x2003)
DM (0x2068)
ICONST MIN = BITS 0 – 2 CLEARED.
ICONST MAX = BITS 0 – 2 SET.
Figure 27. Configuration of Additional AUX Registers
Default bit values are shown; if no value is shown, the bit field is undefined at reset. Reserved bits are shown on a gray field—these
bits should always be written as shown.
–32–
REV. A
ADMCF328
MODECTRL (R/W)
0 = OFFSET MODE
1 = INDEPENDENT MODE
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
DM (0x2015)
AUXILIARY
PWM SELECT
ADC MUX CONTROL
00 VAUX0
01 VAUX1
10 VAUX2
11 VAUX3
ADC
COUNTER
SELECT
0 = CLKIN RATE
1 = CLKOUT RATE
PWMTRIP
INTERRUPT
0 = DISABLE
1 = ENABLE
PWMSYNC
INTERRUPT
0 = DISABLE
1 = ENABLE
SPORT1 DATA
RECEIVE SELECT
0 = DR1A
1 = DR1B
SPORT1 MODE
SELECT
0 = SPORT
1 = UART
PWM UPDATE
MODE SELECT
0 = SINGLE UPDATE MODE
1 = DOUBLE UPDATE MODE
SYSSTAT (R)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 = 1ST HALF OF PWM
CYCLE
1 = 2ND HALF OF PWM
CYCLE
3
2
1
0
DM (0x2016)
1
PWM TIMER
STATUS
PWMTRIP
PIN STATUS
0 = LOW
1 = HIGH
WATCHDOG
STATUS
0 = NORMAL
1 = WATCHDOG RESET
OCCURRED
IRQFLAG (R)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
DM (0x2017)
PWMTRIP INTERRUPT
PWMSYNC INTERRUPT
0 = NO INTERRUPT
1 = INTERRUPT
OCCURRED
WDTIMER (W)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
DM (0x2018)
Figure 28. Configuration of Status Registers
Default bit values are shown; if no value is shown, the bit field is undefined at reset. Reserved bits are shown on a gray field—these
bits should always be written as shown.
REV. A
–33–
ADMCF328
0 = DISABLE
1 = ENABLE
4
3
0
0
ICNTL
2
1
0
0
1
1
DSP REGISTER
IRQ0 SENSITIVITY
INTERRUPT NESTING
0 = LEVEL
1 = EDGE
IRQ1 SENSITIVITY
IRQ2 SENSITIVITY
IFC
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
DSP REGISTER
INTERRUPT FORCE
INTERRUPT CLEAR
IRQ2
TIMER
SPORT1 RECEIVE OR IRQ0
SPORT1 TRANSMIT OR IRQ1
SOFTWARE 1
SOFTWARE 0
SOFTWARE 0
SOFTWARE 1
SPORT1 TRANSMIT OR IRQ1
SPORT1 RECEIVE OR IRQ0
IRQ2
TIMER
IMASK (R/W)
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
DSP REGISTER
TIMER
PERIPHERAL (OR IRQ2)
SPORT1 RECEIVE
(OR IRQ0)
0 = DISABLE
(MASK)
1 = ENABLE
SPORT1 TRANSMIT
(OR IRQ1)
SOFTWARE 1
0 = DISABLE
(MASK)
1 = ENABLE
SOFTWARE 0
Figure 29. Configuration of Interrupt Control Registers
Default bit values are shown; if no value is shown, the bit field is undefined at reset. Reserved bits are shown on a gray field—these
bits should always be written as shown.
–34–
REV. A
ADMCF328
0 = DISABLED
1 = ENABLED
15
14
13
12
11
10
0
0
0
0
0
1
SYSCNTL (R/W)
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
PWAIT
PROGRAM MEMORY
WAIT STATES
SPORT1 ENABLE
SPORT1 CONFIGURE
0 = FI, FO, IRQ0, IRQ1, SCLK
1 = SERIAL PORT
NOTE
THE ROM MONITOR WRITES
0x8000 TO THIS REGISTER
Figure 30. Configuration of Registers
REV. A
DM (0x3FFF)
–35–
ADMCF328
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
28-Lead Standard Small Outline Package [SOIC]
Wide Body
(R-28)
C00110–0–8/02(A)
Dimensions shown in millimeters and (inches)
18.10 (0.7126)
17.70 (0.6969)
28
15
7.60 (0.2992)
7.40 (0.2913)
1
14
PIN 1
10.65 (0.4193)
10.00 (0.3937)
2.65 (0.1043)
2.35 (0.0925)
0.75 (0.0295)
ⴛ 45ⴗ
0.25 (0.0098)
0.30 (0.0118)
0.10 (0.0039)
COPLANARITY
0.10
8ⴗ
0ⴗ
1.27 (0.0500) 0.51 (0.0201) SEATING
0.32 (0.0126)
PLANE
BSC
0.33 (0.0130)
0.23 (0.0091)
1.27 (0.0500)
0.40 (0.0157)
CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS; INCH DIMENSIONS
(IN PARENTHESES) ARE ROUNDED-OFF MILLIMETER EQUIVALENTS FOR
REFERENCE ONLY AND ARE NOT APPROPRIATE FOR USE IN DESIGN
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MS-013AE
28-Lead Plastic Dual-in-Line Package [PDIP]
(N-28)
Dimensions shown in millimeters and (inches)
39.70 (1.5630)
35.10 (1.3819)
28
15
14.73 (0.5799)
12.32 (0.4850)
14
1.52 (0.0598)
0.38 (0.0150)
6.35
(0.2500)
MAX
3.81
(0.1500)
MIN
5.05 (0.1988)
1.77
0.56 (0.0220) 2.54
3.18 (0.1252)
0.36 (0.0142) (0.1000) (0.0697)
MAX
BSC
SEATING
PLANE
15.87 (0.6248)
15.24 (0.6000)
4.95 (0.1949)
3.18 (0.1252 )
0.38 (0.0150)
0.20 (0.0079)
CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS; INCH DIMENSIONS
(IN PARENTHESES) ARE ROUNDED-OFF MILLIMETER EQUIVALENTS FOR
REFERENCE ONLY AND ARE NOT APPROPRIATE FOR USE IN DESIGN
Revision History
Location
Page
8/02—Data Sheet changed from REV. 0 to REV. A.
Edits to Figure 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Edits to Figure 30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
–36–
REV. A
PRINTED IN U.S.A.
1
PIN 1
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